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Leet, S. J., L. B. Fogdall i M. C. Wilkinson. "Thermo-optical property degradation of irradiated spacecraft surfaces". Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 32, nr 5 (wrzesień 1995): 832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.26692.
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Thomas, Jeena, Prakash Perikaruppan, Vinoy Thomas, Jancy John, Raji Mary Mathew, Joice Thomas, Ibrahimkutty Rejeena, Sebastian Mathew i Abdulhassan Mujeeb. "Green Synthesized Plasmonic Silver Systems for Potential Non-Linear Optical Applications: Optical Limiting and Dual Beam Mode Matched Thermal Lensing". Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, nr 6 (2019): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch18617.
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Bioactive compound functionalized plasmonic systems are evolving as a promising branch of nanotechnology. In this communication the synthesis of bioactive compound mimosine-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their non-linear optical and thermo-optic properties are presented. UV-Visible spectroscopy, optical bandgap measurement, fluorescence spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. An open aperture z-scan technique was used to determine the non-linear optical parameters. A very strong reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and low optical limiting threshold were observed for the present mimosine decorated AgNP system. The thermo-optic property of the present system was evaluated using a highly sensitive dual beam mode matched thermal lensing spectroscopic technique. A comparison of the low limiting threshold (242MWcm−2) and thermo-optic property (thermal diffusivity, D=1.13×10−7m2s−1) with similar systems proves its capability for non-linear optical and thermo-optic applications.
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Cho, Hyunmin, Jinhyeong Kwon, Inho Ha, Jinwook Jung, Yoonsoo Rho, Habeom Lee, Seungyong Han, Sukjoon Hong, Costas P. Grigoropoulos i Seung Hwan Ko. "Mechano-thermo-chromic device with supersaturated salt hydrate crystal phase change". Science Advances 5, nr 7 (lipiec 2019): eaav4916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4916.
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Active control of transparency/color is the key to many functional optoelectric devices. Applying an electric field to an electrochromic or liquid crystal material is the typical approach for optical property control. In contrast to the conventional electrochromic method, we developed a new concept of smart glass using new driving mechanisms (based on mechanical stimulus and thermal energy) to control optical properties. This mechano-thermo-chromic smart glass device with an integrated transparent microheater uses a sodium acetate solution, which shows a unique marked optical property change under mechanical impact (mechanochromic) and heat (thermochromic). Such mechano-thermo-chromic devices may provide a useful approach in future smart window applications that could be operated by external environment conditions.
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Qiu, Feng Xian, Dong Ya Yang, Qing Zhang i Guo Rong Cao. "Aggregation, Isomerization and Thermo-Optic Property of Azobenzene Polyelectrolyte". Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (sierpień 2010): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.851.
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A novel azobenzene polyelectrolyte (ABAPE) was synthesized based on chromophore 4-(4’-nitrophenylazo) naphthol (NPAN), epoxychloropropane and α-methacrylic acid. The ABAPE was characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The aggregation behaviors of ABAPE were investigated based on different pH values by the UV-vis spectroscopy. The isomerization behavior of the ABAPE in DMAC solution was studied by 256 nm UV irradiation light. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) method was adopted and carried out the measurement of refractive index of the thin film. The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) was -2.9228×10-4°C-1 and was bigger than inorganic materials such as silica glass, zinc silicate glass, borosilicate glass and the organic materials of polystyrene and PMMA. These results showed that the polyelectrolyte could be used to carry out optical storage and thermo-optic switch.
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Cao, Zhijuan, Fengxian Qiu, Guorong Cao, Yijun Guan, Lin Zhuang, Qiang Shen, Qing Wang, Feiyan Ye i Dongya Yang. "Synthesis, Optical Property, and Simulation of Thermo-Optic Switch of Novel Azopolymer". International Journal of Polymeric Materials 62, nr 12 (18.06.2013): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2012.761628.
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Ha, Heon-Woo, Soo-Jin Kang, Sung-Hyeon Han, Tae-Gyu Kim i Hyun-Ung Oh. "Optimization of Thermo-optical Property for Electrostatic Actuating MEMS-based Variable Emissivity Radiator". Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 43, nr 2 (1.02.2015): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2015.43.2.149.
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Ge, Chang Hong, Feng Xian Qiu, Xiao Xian Gu i Dong Ya Yang. "Synthesis, Photoisomerization and Thermo-Optic Property of Azo Optically Active Polymer". Materials Science Forum 663-665 (listopad 2010): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.41.
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A novel azobenzene optically polymer (P-DA) was synthesized based on the azo chromophore molecule, chiral reagent L(-)-tartaric acid, acryloyl chloride and methacrylate. The P-DA was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, 1H NMR, DSC and TGA. The P-DA had high thermal stability up to its glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 110 oC and 5 % heat weight loss temperature of 199 oC. The UV-induced trans/cis photoisomerization and reflex-isomerization behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the P-DA solution could undergo photochromism after irradiated by 365 nm UV light. The optical parameters: refractive index (n), the dielectric constant (ε) and thermal volume expansion coefficient (β) of P-DA were obtained. The thermo-optic coefficients are one order of magnitude larger than those of the inorganic materials, such as SiO2 (1.1×10−5 oC -1 and LiNbO3 (4×10−5 oC -1) and was larger than the organic material such as polystyrene (-1.23×10-4 oC -1) and PMMA (-1.20×10-4 oC -1). The conclusion had a little significance to develop optical communication.
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Cai, Chang Long, Ya Zhang, Xiao Ling Niu i Wei Guo Liu. "Research on Non-Electric Readout Infrared Thermal Imaging Detection Technology Based on the Liquid Crystal". Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (listopad 2011): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.293.
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Liquid crystal, as a condensed matter, is a phase state between crystal and isotropic liquid. On the one hand, it has mobility and continuity as a liquid, and on the other hand, it has arranging ordering as a crystal, then it has many unique properties. Because the factors, such as heat, electric field, magnetic field, pressure, and so on, will easily influence the arranging of liquid crystal molecular, so once it is excited externally, its optical properties will be changed. At present, most research on the theory and application of liquid crystal mainly focus on the display. Thermo-optic effect is defined as the phenomenon that the optical properties of liquid crystal change with the changing of temperature. At the phase transition point, the thermo-optic effect of liquid crystal is very obvious. In this paper, non-electric readout infrared thermal imaging detection technology based on the optical rotation property of the cholesteric liquid crystals is mainly researched. Through the research, the cholesteric liquid crystals’ light curves, gray value curves and CCD image were obtained under different temperatures; it proved that using the optical rotation property of cholesteric liquid crystals to achieve the infrared imaging of hot objects is possible.
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Cao, Zhijuan, Fengxian Qiu, Qing Wang, Guorong Cao, Yijun Guan, Lin Zhuang, Xiaolong Xu, Jie Wang, Qian Chen i Dongya Yang. "Preparation, thermo-optic property and simulation of optical switch based on azo benzothiazole polymer". Applied Physics B 111, nr 1 (23.01.2013): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-012-5311-3.
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Ju, Hyun Kyung, Yongku Kang, Changjin Lee i Dong Wook Kim. "Fluorinated Polymers Derived from Tetrafunctional Cyclic Siloxanes Possessing Low Optical Loss and High Thermo-Optic Property". Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 520, nr 1 (13.04.2010): 136/[412]—143/[419]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400903584234.
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Bae, Saet-Byeol, i Sang-Wh Lee. "Synthesis of Gold Nanoflowers Encapsulated with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) Hydrogels". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, nr 10 (1.10.2015): 7962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11232.
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In this work, hydrogel-coated gold nanoflowers (AuNFs@hydrogel) were facilely prepared. First, gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) were synthesized by reducing gold acid with ascorbic acid in the presence of chitosan biopolymers, and the chitosan-mediated AuNFs were subsequently conjugated with oleic acid with carboxylate groups. Finally, the olefin-conjugated AuNFs were encapsulated with P(NIPAM-co-AAC) hydrogels via a radical polymerization reaction with co-monomer ratio of [NIPAM:AAc = 91:9 wt%]. The encapsulated hydrogels had a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) slightly above the physiological temperature and demonstrated a thermo-sensitive variation of particle size. The hydrogel-coated AuNFs can be utilized as a promising thermo-responsive drug delivery system with a unique optical property. As-prepared samples were characterized by DLS, SEM, TEM, UV-vis and Zeta potential meter.
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Hao, Run Xia, i Xiao Yan Guo. "The Properties of Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) Gypsum". Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (wrzesień 2011): 2204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.2204.
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The properties of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum were analysized by Thermo-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), technical performance analysis, optical microscope and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical properties of FGD gypsum-steel slag powder cementitious material were researched. The results revealed that FGD gypsum have similar moisture content, major component CaSO4·2H2O with natural gypsum, and has better technical performance than natural gypsum. The results of optical microscope and SEM of the FGD gypsum hydration support this further. When the dosage of steel slag powder is 15%, containing activator ,better mechanical properties can be obtained. Key words: FGD gypsum, Property, Cementitious material
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Dembska, Marta, Thomas Renger i Maciej Sznajder. "Thermo-Optical Property Degradation of ITO-Coated Aluminized Polyimide Thin Films Under VUV and Low-Energy Proton Radiation". Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 51, nr 9 (19.07.2020): 4922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05906-x.
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Abstract We studied thermo-optical property degradation of indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated aluminized polyimide thin films under exposure to vacuum ultraviolet radiation and low-energy (3 and 5 keV) protons during ground tests using the Complex Irradiation Facility at the DLR site in Bremen. Changes in solar absorption and thermal emission coefficients caused by the irradiation were analyzed. We report a significant increase in solar absorptance of the samples irradiated by protons. We also attempted to identify any defects on the surface of the samples. The study was motivated by a unique opportunity that is provided by the Complex Irradiation Facility to study the degradation effects induced by exposure to protons with an energy below 10 keV and short-wavelength light below 115 nm.
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Tronci, Giuseppe, Amanda Doyle, Stephen J. Russell i David J. Wood. "Structure-property-function relationships in triple-helical collagen hydrogels". MRS Proceedings 1498 (2012): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1653.
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ABSTRACTIn order to establish defined biomimetic systems, type I collagen was functionalised with 1,3-Phenylenediacetic acid (Ph) as aromatic, bifunctional segment. Following investigation on molecular organization and macroscopic properties, material functionalities, i.e. degradability and bioactivity, were addressed, aiming at elucidating the potential of this collagen system as mineralization template. Functionalised collagen hydrogels demonstrated a preserved triple helix conformation. Decreased swelling ratio and increased thermo-mechanical properties were observed in comparison to state-of-the-art carbodiimide (EDC)-crosslinked collagen controls. Ph-crosslinked samples displayed no optical damage and only a slight mass decrease (∼ 4 wt.-%) following 1-week incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF), while nearly 50 wt.-% degradation was observed in EDC-crosslinked collagen. SEM/EDS revealed amorphous mineral deposition, whereby increased calcium phosphate ratio was suggested in hydrogels with increased Ph content. This investigation provides valuable insights for the synthesis of triple helical collagen materials with enhanced macroscopic properties and controlled degradation. In light of these features, this system will be applied for the design of tissue-like scaffolds for mineralized tissue formation.
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Chen, An, Jun Yang, Xian Min Chen i Deng Ke Dong. "Fatigue Property of Friction Stir Welded Butt Joints for 6156-T6 Aluminum Alloy". Materials Science Forum 960 (czerwiec 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.960.45.
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This study was conducted to investigate fatigue behavior of friction stir welding (FSW) butt joints for 6156-T6 aluminum alloy. The detail fatigue rating (DFR) values of 6156-T6 FSW joints is obtained based on statistical analysis of fatigue tests. The micrographs of weld structure were observed by optical microscope (OM), Fatigue fractography was researched under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that DFR value of 6156-T6 FSW joints is 153.31MPa. Fatigue property of FSW butt joints is sensitive to the microstructural features, such as nugget zone (NZ), thermo mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ). The hardness distributions of the FSW joints reveal W-shaped profiles. Fractography shows that fatigue cracking is initiated at weak-bonding defects, which are located at the root site of the butt joint. The weak-bonding defects have obvious influence on the fatigue properties of friction stir welding.
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Wang, Yan, Juming Yao, Guocheng Zhu, Jiri Militky, Jaromir Marek, Mohanapriya Venkataraman i Guoqing Zhang. "A novel method for producing bi-component thermo-regulating alginate fiber from phase change material microemulsion". Textile Research Journal 90, nr 9-10 (4.11.2019): 1038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519886075.
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A novel method for fabricating thermo-regulating alginate fiber by wet spinning from phase change material (PCM) microemulsions was proposed and carried out. In order to synthesize the PCM microemulsion successfully, different emulsifiers (alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and their mixture) were added into the stock solution system. The solution systems with emulsifiers were observed under optical microscope and evaluated by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC); the results showed that only the solution system with the mixture of OP-10 and SDS transformed into PCM microemulsion, corresponding to the success of fiber formation by wet spinning. In addition, the microemulsion had a stable thermal property based on the DSC result, in which the latent heat capacity remained at 97.3% after 100 cycles of heating and cooling. The thermo-regulating alginate fiber was evaluated in terms of morphology, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the fiber had a smooth surface and porous structure in the cross-section, the bimodal TG curve of alginate fiber indicated that the PCM was successfully embedded into fiber and the DSC results demonstrated that the thermo-regulating alginate fiber had a comfortable phase change temperature of 25–35℃, and an acceptable phase change enthalpy of about 20 J/g.
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Ranjan, N., M. Kamaraj i S. Ramaprabhu. "In situ reduction of graphitic oxide by amorphization of magnesium diboride for the superior thermo-optical property based nanofluid applications". Materials Today Chemistry 18 (grudzień 2020): 100354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100354.
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Brow, Richard K., Todd M. Alam, David R. Tallant i R. James Kirkpatrick. "Spectroscopic Studies on the Structures of Phosphate Sealing Glasses". MRS Bulletin 23, nr 11 (listopad 1998): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940003102x.
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Phosphate glasses generally have lower glass-transition temperatures and greater thermal-expansion coefficients than silicate and borate glasses, and so are candidate materials for specialty glass-metal sealing applications. Phosphate glasses also have desirable optical properties (rare-earth stimulated-emission cross sections, low thermo-optical coefficients, ultraviolet transparency, etc.) and so are used as laser glasses. Recent developments of novel compositions for biomedical applications and as fast-ion conductors have also revived interest in the study of phosphate glass structures.The structure/property relationships in simple phosphate glasses have not received nearly the attention paid to silicate and borate-based systems. This is partially due to the difficulty in preparing anhydrous compositions with more than 50-mol% P2O5. Ultraphosphate compositions (where the [O]/[P] ratio is less than 3) are highly reactive to ambient water. In addition because P2O5 sublimes at about 300°C, ultraphosphate glasses have not been studied to the extent that metaphosphate ([O]/[P] = 3) and polyphosphate ([O]/[P] > 3) compositions have.
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Paar, Armin, Leonel Elizondo, Michael Brandner, Thomas Trickl, Bernhard Sonderegger, Coline Beal i Christof Sommitsch. "Application of Thermo-Calc TCFE7 to High-Alloyed Mottled Cast Iron". Materials Science Forum 879 (listopad 2016): 1431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1431.
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The thermodynamic modeling of alloy systems consisting of stable and metastable phases e.g. high-alloyed mottled cast iron can be problematic. Thermodynamic databases are rather well-developed for low, medium and high alloyed steels (e.g. HSS) but the application of those databases is not yet very common for high-alloyed (mottled) cast irons. The Thermo-Calc software together with the TCFE7 database is used to calculate isopleth and property diagrams, using the CALPHAD method. Additionally Scheil-Gulliver calculations are performed to simulate the effects of microsegregation during solidification. The results from the thermodynamic calculations are compared with measurements on own samples and with literature values. Those measurements include quantitative light-optical analysis, SEM with BSE detector, EDX measurements for the distribution of the alloying elements as well as XRD and DSC measurements. The investigations show the possibilities which are offered by thermodynamic calculations for high-alloyed mottled cast iron as well as the limitations and the compromises which have to be taken into account when calculating stable and metastable phases existing next to each other.
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Shi, Yi Ping, Don Fang Yin, Ping Hu, Yi Fei Huang i Lin Liu. "Synthesis and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Poly(HEMA-Co-MMA) Orbital Implant". Key Engineering Materials 288-289 (czerwiec 2005): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.288-289.485.
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Orbital implant, used for filling the space after enucleation, played an important role in the optical orthopedic operations. However, the clinical application of soft orbital implants was in a limited extent. This paper focused on the synthetic method of a new kind of soft poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) orbital implant. This method included two steps, making the orbital implant with through-holes by salt leaking method and improving the compress property of PHEMA by copolymerizing it with methyl methacrylate (MMA). Scanning electronic microscope (SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and compress experiment were carried out to evaluate the physical properties of the implant. And to evaluate the biocompatibility of this poly (HEMA-co-MMA) orbital implant, short term and long term observations were studied after subcutaneous implantation of material blocks and implantation of orbital implants (diameter in 14mm) in rabbits’ orbits.
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Goto, Aki, Kaori Umeda, Kazuki Yukumatsu i Yugo Kimoto. "Property changes in materials due to atomic oxygen in the low Earth orbit". CEAS Space Journal 13, nr 3 (28.06.2021): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12567-021-00376-2.
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AbstractWe expect satellites at altitude below 300 km, very low Earth orbit (VLEO), making observations of the Earth at optical wavelength with increasingly higher resolution. The density of atomic oxygen (AO) at VLEO is significantly higher than that at LEO; severe degradation of spacecraft materials (polymers) due to the high-flux AO is a serious concern. To clarify VLEO environmental effects on spacecraft materials, we designed the Material Degradation Monitor (MDM) and MDM2 missions. The MDM is a material exposure experiment onboard the Super Low-Altitude Test Satellite (SLATS). It aims to understand reactions and degradation of polymeric materials depending on AO fluence in VLEO. In the MDM, samples of spacecraft material were exposed at altitude of 160–560 km; their degradation behaviors were observed optically by a CCD camera for 1.8 years. The MDM2 is a material exposure experiment onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and aims to correctly understand surface reactions and degradation of the same samples used in the MDM at a given AO fluence. In the MDM2, the samples were exposed at altitude of 400 km for 1 year and then returned to Earth for analysis. Based on the results from both missions, we will help in the molecular design of more-durable materials, and establish design standards for future VLEO satellites. This study aims to quantitatively understand the surface reactions and degradation of the 11 types of thermal control materials exposed on the ISS in the MDM2. Five types of multilayer insulation (MLI) films (three types of Si-containing AO protective materials (a silsesquioxane-(SQ-) containing coated polyimide film, two types of polysiloxane-block polyimide (BSF-30) films), an ITO-coated polyimide film, and a Beta Cloth), and flexible optical solar reflectors (flexible OSRs) were found to have a high durability against erosion by AO. This was determined by measuring their loss of mass and thermo-optical properties. The Ag/Inconel layer’s discoloration and peeling were observed for three types of FEP/Ag films as determined by the Ag layer’s oxidation by AO. Also, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that reactions of the Si-containing materials, the SQ-coated polyimide film and the BSF-30 film, form a layer of silica that protects against AO. Even though the concentration of Si in the SQ-coating is the same or greater than in the BSF-30 film, the amount of the SQ-coating that reacted was larger than that of the BSF-30 film under the same AO fluence. Moreover, the effective ability of the UV-shielding coating, composed of ITO and CeO2 coated onto one of the BSF-30 films, was demonstrated by UV–Vis spectrometry. Its sufficient AO protection was confirmed by mass measurements, XPS analyses, and FE-SEM observations.
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Zhang, Dai Xian, Rui Zhang, Zhen He, Jian Jun Wu i Fan Zhang. "Numerical Investigation on Laser Ablation Characteristics of PTFE in Advanced Propulsion Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (listopad 2012): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.727.
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The Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) based propellants may be used in Pulsed Plasma Thruster, laser ablation thruster and other advanced propulsion systems. Because of the complex behaviors and phenomena of PTFE in ablation process, the study on thrusters’ operation process becomes complicated. Thermal and mechanical events are investigated, including phase transition, thermo-chemical and optical property variations, and multi-pulses laser ablation of PTFE. Considering more details including internal absorption of radiation, reflectivity of material, surface emission, a one-dimensional ablation model is developed and implemented numerically using a non-uniform grid, and implicit finite-volume method to gain greater insight into the process of laser ablation. The model is validated against analytical solutions and is in accordance with previous experimental results. The parameters of optical transmittance, reflectance and absorption coefficients are measured in experiments and are used in the numerical simulation. The laser ablation characteristics of PTFE are investigated, including the effects of wavelength and multipulses. It’s indicated that the laser ablation processes are influenced intensively by changing the laser wavelength and the effects of multiple pulses are also significant. The above numerical simulation provides insight into physical mechanisms of laser ablation, and suggests potential ways of improving thruster’s efficiency
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Wang, Q., Dong Li Sun, Hui Yang i J. Wang. "Study on Tensile Property and Fracture of Welded Joint of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V Alloy by Hydrogen Processing". Materials Science Forum 654-656 (czerwiec 2010): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.883.
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The microstructural evolution of TIG welded joint in Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy treated by thermo hydrogen processing was investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy and the mechanical properties of welded joints were tested and analysed. The results showed that δ-hydride formed after hydrogenising at 700°C for 3 hours, and it is a face-centered cubic crystal. And these hydrides brought a strong fuzzy effect on microstructure. A lot of rhombic martensite phase α" generated in the area of welded joint. Metastable β(H) phase and α" phase were gradually decomposed to α and δ phases during aging. Hydrides were dissolved, the hydrogen was removed from the alloy and the recrystallization occurred in the process of annealing in vacuum. After hydrogen treatment, the refinement effect of grains in the fusion area was very obviously, that is, coarse columnar grains changed to finer equiaxed grains. Non-equilibrium phase reduced in grains. After hydrogen treatment (hydrogenization at 700°C for 3 hours, eutectoid at 300°C for 8 hours and annealing at 750°C for 8 hours in vacuum), the tensile strength of welded samples increased by 25.7%, and the elongation increased by 37.6% compared with welded samples without hydrogen treatment. After hydrogen treatment, the surface morphology of tensile fracture was relative flatness.
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Yasuda, Shugo. "Synchronized Molecular-Dynamics Simulation of the Thermal Lubrication of an Entangled Polymeric Liquid". Polymers 11, nr 1 (13.01.2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010131.
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The thermal lubrication of an entangled polymeric liquid in wall-driven shear flows between parallel plates is investigated by using a multiscale hybrid method, coupling molecular dynamics and hydrodynamics (i.e., the synchronized molecular dynamics method). The temperature of the polymeric liquid rapidly increases due to viscous heating once the drive force exceeds a certain threshold value, and the rheological properties drastically change at around the critical drive force. In the weak viscous-heating regime, the conformation of polymer chains is dominated by the flow field so that the polymers are more elongated as the drive force increases. However, in the large viscous-heating regime, the conformation dynamics is dominated by the thermal agitation of polymer chains so that the conformation of polymers recovers more uniform and random structures as the drive force increases, even though the local shear flows are further enhanced. Remarkably, this counter-intuitive transitional behavior gives an interesting re-entrant transition in the stress–optical relation, where the linear stress–optical relation approximately holds even though each of the macroscopic quantities behaves nonlinearly. Furthermore, the shear thickening behavior is also observed in the large viscous-heating regime—this was not observed in a series of previous studies on an unentangled polymer fluid. This qualitative difference of the thermo-rheological property between the entangled and unentangled polymer fluids gives completely different velocity profiles in the thermal lubrication system.
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Abishera, R., R. Velmurugan i KV Nagendra Gopal. "Free, partial, and fully constrained recovery analysis of cold-programmed shape memory epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: Experiments and predictions". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, nr 10 (5.03.2018): 2164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18758187.
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Thermally activated shape memory polymers are typically programmed by initially heating the material above the glass transition temperature ( Tg), deforming to the desired shape, cooling below Tg, and unloading to fix the temporary shape. This process of deforming at high temperatures becomes a time-, labor-, and energy-expensive process while applying to large structures. Alternatively, materials with reversible plasticity shape memory property can be programmed at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature which offers several advantages over conventional programming. Here, the free, partial, and fully constrained recovery analysis of cold-programmed multi-walled carbon nanotube–reinforced epoxy nanocomposites is presented. The free recovery analysis involves heating the temporary shape above Tg without any constraints (zero stress), and for fully constrained recovery analysis, the temporary shape is held constant while heating. The partially constrained recovery behavior is studied by applying a constant stress of 10%, 25%, and 50% of the maximum recovery stress obtained from the completely constrained recovery analysis. The samples are also characterized for their thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties. A non-contact optical strain measurement method is used to measure the strains during cold-programming and shape recovery. The different recovery behaviors are analyzed by using a thermo-viscoelastic–viscoplastic model, and the predictions are compared with the experimental results.
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Kasirajan, T., R. Ravindran, T. Ramkumar i M. Selvakumar. "Investigation of the microstructural, mechanical, and thermal evolution of dissimilar aluminium alloys during friction stir welding". Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 44, nr 1 (1.03.2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2019-0027.
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This work deals with the joining of 6 mm thick dissimilar aluminium plates (AA5083-H111 and AA6082-T6) using a friction stir welding method and by varying the process parameters. Test experiments were performed to identify the influence of process parameters on the joint efficiency of the weldments. The process parameters such as tool rotation speed and tool pin profile were varied; whereas, tool travel speed, tilt angle, and axial force were kept constant for all weldments. Microstructure evaluation was carried out using light optical and scanning electron microscopes, which exposed the grain refinement in the nugget zone (NZ) and thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ). Mechanical property tests for tensile strength, hardness, and bending were performed to understand the influence of the parameters over the weldments. Heat development between the tool shoulder and workpiece was analyzed by calculating the heat flow and heat flux. The thermal diffusivity of AA5083-H111 and AA6082-T6 were calculated to understand the influence of heat distribution in the joint efficiency of the weldments. It is inferred from the current study that the threaded cylinder tool at a rotational speed of 900 rpm achieved the highest tensile strength, hardness, and bend strength over the combination of other parameters.
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Zhu, De Gui, Hong Liang Sun, Yu Shu Wang i Liang Hui Wang. "Oxidation Behaviors of TiB2-TiCX and TiB2-TiCX/15SiC Ceramics". Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (kwiecień 2010): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.179.
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Fully dense samples of TiB2-TiCX and TiB2-TiCX/15SiC ceramic composites were fabricated by in-situ synthesis under hot isostatic pressing from TiH2, B4C and SiC powders. Their oxidized behaviors at different temperatures were tested. Optical micrograph studies and thermo-gravimetric analyses show that the highest effective temperature of oxidation resistance is 700°C for TiB2-TiCX, and 1100°C for TiB2-TiCX/15SiC. The weight gain of TiB2-TiCX/15SiC below 1100°C is quite low, and it rises up suddenly when the temperature reaches 1200°C. Thus, the highest effective temperature of oxidation resistance is 1100°C for TiB2-TiCX/15SiC. The oxidation dynamic curves of TiB2-TiCX/15SiC ceramics accord with the parabola’s law. The activation energy of TiB2-TiCx/15SiC (189.87kJ.mol-1) is higher than that of TiB2-TiCx (96.44kJ.mol-1). In the oxidation process of TiB2-TiCx/15SiC, TiB2 reacts with oxygen and generates TiO2 and B2O3 at first. A layer of whole homogeneous oxide film cannot be formed, in the mean time, the oxidation of TiC begins. When temperature goes up to 1000°C, TiC phase is totally oxidized. SiC is oxidized to SiO2 at about 900°C, Meanwhile, TiO2 forms denser film than B2O3, which grows and covers the surface of the material, and gives better property of oxidation resistance.
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Regenauer-Lieb, Klaus, Manman Hu, Christoph Schrank, Xiao Chen, Santiago Peña Clavijo, Ulrich Kelka, Ali Karrech i in. "Cross-diffusion waves resulting from multiscale, multiphysics instabilities: application to earthquakes". Solid Earth 12, nr 8 (16.08.2021): 1829–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1829-2021.
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Abstract. Theoretical approaches to earthquake instabilities propose shear-dominated source mechanisms. Here we take a fresh look at the role of possible volumetric instabilities preceding a shear instability. We investigate the phenomena that may prepare earthquake instabilities using the coupling of thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical reaction–diffusion equations in a THMC diffusion matrix. We show that the off-diagonal cross-diffusivities can give rise to a new class of waves known as cross-diffusion or quasi-soliton waves. Their unique property is that for critical conditions cross-diffusion waves can funnel wave energy into a stationary wave focus from large to small scale. We show that the rich solution space of the reaction–cross-diffusion approach to earthquake instabilities can recover classical Turing instabilities (periodic in space instabilities), Hopf bifurcations (spring-slider-like earthquake models), and a new class of quasi-soliton waves. Only the quasi-soliton waves can lead to extreme focussing of the wave energy into short-wavelength instabilities of short duration. The equivalent extreme event in ocean waves and optical fibres leads to the appearance of “rogue waves” and high energy pulses of light in photonics. In the context of hydromechanical coupling, a rogue wave would appear as a sudden fluid pressure spike. This spike is likely to cause unstable slip on a pre-existing (near-critically stressed) fault acting as a trigger for the ultimate (shear) seismic moment release.
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Kannan, R., i K. Vidhya. "Design of Combinational Circuits Using Reversible Decoder in Tanner Tools". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, nr 4 (1.04.2020): 1743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8436.
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Reversible logic is the emerging field for research in present era. The aim of this paper is to realize different types of combinational circuits like full-adder, full-subtractor, multiplexer and comparator using reversible decoder circuit with minimum quantum cost. Reversible decoder is designed using Fredkin gates with minimum Quantum cost. There are many reversible logic gates like Fredkin Gate, Feynman Gate, Double Feynman Gate, Peres Gate, Seynman Gate and many more. Reversible logic is defined as the logic in which the number output lines are equal to the number of input lines i.e., the n-input and k-output Boolean function F(X1,X2,X3, ...,Xn) (referred to as (n,k) function) is said to be reversible if and only if (i) n is equal to k and (ii) each input pattern is mapped uniquely to output pattern. The gate must run forward and backward that is the inputs can also be retrieved from outputs. When the device obeys these two conditions then the second law of thermo-dynamics guarantees that it dissipates no heat. Fan-out and Feed-back are not allowed in Logical Reversibility. Reversible Logic owns its applications in various fields which include Quantum Computing, Optical Computing, Nano-technology, Computer Graphics, low power VLSI etc. Reversible logic is gaining its own importance in recent years largely due to its property of low power consumption. The comparative study in terms of garbage outputs, Quantum Cost, numbers of gates are also presented. The Circuit has been implemented and simulated using Tannaer tools v15.0 software.
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Vasudevan, Paranthaman, i Devaraj Jayaraman. "Synthesis and Characterization of NLO Material L-Valine L-Valinium Perchlorate Monohydrate for Photonics Applications". Photonics Letters of Poland 12, nr 3 (30.09.2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i3.1004.
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L-valine L-valinium perchlorate monohydrate single crystal has been synthesized by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The crystal structure and space group of the crystal were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffractometer. Optical behavior of the crystal was analyzed by using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Thermal stability was discussed by using thermo gravimetric analysis. Mechanical strength of the grown crystal was studied using Vickers microhardness tester. Nonlinear optical property was explored to confirm the second harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystal. These preliminary investigations suggest that the title compound can serve as a potential material for photonics applications. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD. J. Williams, "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic and Polymer Materials" (ACS Symposium series 233, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1983). CrossRef K. Bouchouit, Z. Sofiani, B. Derkowska, S. Abed, N. Benali-cherif, M. Bakasse and B. Sahraoui, "Investigation of crystal structure and nonlinear optical properties of 2-methoxyanilinium nitrate", Opt. Commun. 278, 180 (2007), CrossRef K. Bouchouit, H. Bougharraf, B. Derkowska-zielinska, N. Benali-cherif and B. Sahraoui, "Reversible phase transition in semi-organic compound p-Nitroanilinium sulfate detected using second harmonic generation as a tool", Opt.Mater. 48, 215 (2015), CrossRef J. H. Joshi, S. Kalainathan, M. J. Joshi and K. D. Parikh, "Crystal growth, spectroscopic, second and third order nonlinear optical spectroscopic studies of L-phenylalanine doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals", Arab. J. Chem. 13, 5018 (2020), CrossRef A. Vijayakumar, A. Ponnuvel and A. Sasikala, "Growth and characterization of α and β form of L-histidine dihydrochloride single crystals", Mater. Today 14, 338 (2019), CrossRef C. Usha, R. Sathakuamri, Lynnette Joseph, D.Sajan, R.Meenakshi, and A.Sinthiya, "Growth and combined experimental and quantum chemical study of glycyl-L-Valine crystal", Heliyon 5, e01574 (2019), CrossRef P. Maadeshwaran and J. Chandrasekaran, "Synthesis, growth and characterization of l-valine cadmium chloride monohydrate—A novel semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal", Optik 122, 1128 (2011) CrossRef S. Pandiyaran, M. Umadevi, R. K. Rajaraman and V. K. Ramakrishnan, "Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies of l-valine l-valinium perchlorate monohydrate", Spectrochim. Act A Mol. 62, 630 (2005) CrossRef S. Pandiarajan, B. Sridhar and R. K. Rajaram, "L-Valine L-valinium perchlorate monohydrate", Acta Crystallogr. E, 57, 0466 (2001) CrossRef M. Lydia Caroline and S. Vasudevan, "Growth and characterization of l-phenylalanine nitric acid, a new organic nonlinear optical material", Mater. Lett. 63, 41 (2009) CrossRef J. Tauc, R. Grigorovici and A. Vancu, "Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium", Phy. Solid. Stat. 15, 627 (1966), CrossRef J. Tauc, A. Menth and D.L. Wood, "Optical and Magnetic Investigations of the Localized States in Semiconducting Glasses", Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 749 (1970) CrossRef B. Thirumalaiselvam, R. Kanagadurai, D. Jayaraman and V. Natarajan, "Growth and characterization of 4-methyl benzene sulfonamide single crystals", Opt.Mater. 37, 74 (2014) CrossRef J. Bowman and M. Bevis, "The evaluation of the structure and hardness of processed plastics by the Vickers microhardness test", Colloid Polym. Sci. 255, 954 (1977) CrossRef S. K. Kurtz and T. T. Perry, "A Powder Technique for the Evaluation of Nonlinear Optical Materials", J. Appl. Phy. 39, 3798 (1968) CrossRef M. Prakash, D. Geetha and M. Lydia Caroline, "Crystal growth, structural, optical, spectral and thermal studies of tris(l-phenylalanine)l-phenylalaninium nitrate: A new organic nonlinear optical material", Spectrochim. Act A Mol. 81, 48 (2011) CrossRef
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Tsoulos, Ted V., i Giulia Tagliabue. "Self-induced thermo-optical effects in silicon and germanium dielectric nanoresonators". Nanophotonics 9, nr 12 (18.04.2020): 3849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0534.
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AbstractDielectric nanoresonators uniquely support both magnetic and electric resonances across a wide wavelength range. They are thus being exploited in a growing number of groundbreaking applications. In particular, they have been recently suggested as promising nanoheaters. However, while the thermo-optical properties of silicon and germanium resonators have been exploited to realize tunable metasurfaces based on external thermal inputs, the effect of self-induced optical heating onto their resonances has so far been neglected. In this study, we address the problem of self-heating of a thermo-optical resonator. In particular, employing a recursive procedure to account for the interdependence between the absorption cross section and the temperature of the resonator, we show that self-heating gives rise to a complex, nonlinear relationship between illumination intensity and temperature. Using both analytical and numerical models, we also observe that self-induced optical heating has nonnegligible effects on the spectral position of electric and magnetic resonances of spheres as well as anapole modes of nanodisks, even for moderate illumination intensities relevant for applications such as Raman scattering. Thus, our work demonstrates that self-induced optical heating must be properly accounted for when designing dielectric resonators for a wide range of devices.
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Zhang, Ruihuan, Yu He, Yong Zhang, Shaohua An, Qingming Zhu, Xingfeng Li i Yikai Su. "Ultracompact and low-power-consumption silicon thermo-optic switch for high-speed data". Nanophotonics 10, nr 2 (11.11.2020): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0496.
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AbstractUltracompact and low-power-consumption optical switches are desired for high-performance telecommunication networks and data centers. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip power-efficient 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch unit by using a suspended photonic crystal nanobeam structure. A submilliwatt switching power of 0.15 mW is obtained with a tuning efficiency of 7.71 nm/mW in a compact footprint of 60 μm × 16 μm. The bandwidth of the switch is properly designed for a four-level pulse amplitude modulation signal with a 124 Gb/s raw data rate. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed switch is the most power-efficient resonator-based thermo-optic switch unit with the highest tuning efficiency and data ever reported.
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Zhang, Ya, Chang Long Cai, Xiao Ling Niu i Wei Guo Liu. "Study of Infrared Imaging System Based on Liquid-Crystal Thermo-Optic Effect". Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (listopad 2011): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.106.
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In this paper, based on the optical rotation property of cholesteric liquid crystals, a new system for studying the optical readout infrared imaging was designed. The profile of hot object is imaged on the surface of liquid crystal cell through the infrared lens, as the uneven heating, the optical rotation is different in various parts of the cholesteric liquid crystals, especially in the imaging area and non-imaging area, the difference is larger. Through the optical system, the optical rotation signal is translated into the corresponding light intensity signal, then the light intensity signal is collected by the visible CCD, and the image of the hot object will be displayed on the screen.
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Denieva, Zaret G., Ul'yana A. Budanova i Yuri L. Sebyakin. "LIPOSOMAL HYBRID SILICON - ORGANIC MEANS OF DELIVERY OF MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS". IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, nr 5 (21.05.2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196205.5887.
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Nowadays, chemotherapy is an important mean for cancer treatment. Despite many benefits, patients receiving anticancer drugs often suffer unfavorable side effects due to the non-specific toxicity of anticancer drugs. Most anticancer drugs can kill cancer cells with non-selective killing of the normal human cells, which brings great pains to patients. One of the most important tasks facing pharmacology is the creation of such systems that would minimize the harm caused by therapeutic drugs. One way to overcome these problems is to create drug delivery systems. Much attention is attracted the liposomes as delivery systems. They consist of natural components that can minimize toxicity in relation to the human body, so liposomes are interest to study. However, one of the limitations preventing the wide use of liposomes is their insufficient stability under physiological conditions. This property can lead to the fact that the drug will be released from the delivery system until the desired cells or tissues are reached, which means that it damages healthy cells. The problem of stability can be solved by systems called cerasomes. These are nanosized spherical particles consisting of the lipid bilayer as well as liposomes, but their surface is modified by a silicon polymer network. Liposomal nanohybrid cerasomes have been developed based on organoalkoxysilane through a sol-gel reaction in combination with self-assembly process. Among inorganic materials, silicon is an excellent choice to form hydrophilic surface shell due to its high chemical resistance, optical transparency and low physiological toxicity. In addition, cerasomes have better biocompatibility than silicon nanoparticles that have a similar size. They are inert and exhibit less cytotoxicity. Cerasomes are very convenient to store for a certain time due to their physical and chemical properties. Equally important is the fact that cerasomes are capable of encapsulate a wide range of drug molecules. Water-soluble drugs are built into the internal field of the vesicles, and hydrophobic drugs are built into the bilayer lipid membrane. So cerasomes can solve many problems associated with drug molecules like low drug solubility, fast clearance rates, non-specific toxicity, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficiency and reducing side effects. Also, various functional molecules can be included to cerasomes that show thermo-, light-, pH- or multi sensitive properties by chemical conjugation with different molecules in order to modulate the release behavior of the drug. Therefore, cerasomes, serving as delivery carriers, possess great potential for clinical applications due to their unique advantages. This review will summarize the progress of liposomal nanohybrid cerasomes and their applications as drug nanocarriers, transfection of gene materials, systems for visualization and diagnosis of diseases using MRI and PDT. It presents some methods of the synthesis of cerasome-forming lipids to create stable systems of cerasomes. Various approaches of the formation of a siloxane network on their surface are considered. Various variants of modifications of cerasome-forming lipids are presented.
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Koguchi, Hideo, Chie Sasaki i Kazuto Nishida. "Thermo-Viscoelastic Analysis of Deflection in CSP Electronic Device Packages". Journal of Electronic Packaging 125, nr 3 (1.09.2003): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1602705.
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In the present paper, a deformation induced in a new bonding technology of chip-scale package (CSP) using resin encapsulation sheets is examined numerically and experimentally. Deflections after cooling from a bonding temperature are measured experimentally for various kinds of substrate and the thickness of an integrated circuit using a laser beam. In particular, a simple theory on the basis of a multilayered plate theory considering a viscoelastic property in the substrate is presented, and the thermo-viscoelastic analysis for the deflection of CSP is performed. Furthermore, the thermo-elastoplastic finite element method analysis is performed under the same temperature history. We could show that the simple formula for multilayered plates based on the thermo-viscoelatic theory can estimate fairly well the deflection of CSP in experiment.
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Speranza, Vito, Sara Liparoti, Roberto Pantani i Giuseppe Titomanlio. "Hierarchical Structure of iPP During Injection Molding Process with Fast Mold Temperature Evolution". Materials 12, nr 3 (30.01.2019): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030424.
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Mold surface temperature strongly influences the molecular orientation and morphology developed in injection molded samples. In this work, an isotactic polypropylene was injected into a rectangular mold, in which the cavity surface temperature was properly modulated during the process by an electrical heating device. The induced thermo-mechanical histories strongly influenced the morphology developed in the injection molded parts. Polarized optical microscope and atomic force microscope were adopted for morphological investigations. The combination of flow field and cooling rate experienced by the polymer determined the hierarchical structure. Under strong flow fields and high temperatures, a tightly packed structure, called shish-kebab, aligned along the flow direction, was observed. Under weak flow fields, the formation of β-phase, as cylindrites form, was observed. The formation of each morphological structure was analyzed and discussed on the bases of the flow and temperature fields, experienced by the polymer during each stage of the injection molding process.
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Mack, S., M. A. Hussein i T. Becker. "Examination of thermo-physical and material property interactions in cereal foams by means of Boltzmann modeling techniques". Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 15, nr 3 (26.02.2013): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-013-1157-1.
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Paul, G., T. Pal i I. Manna. "Thermo-physical property measurement of nano-gold dispersed water based nanofluids prepared by chemical precipitation technique". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 349, nr 1 (wrzesień 2010): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.086.
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Hölck, O., E. Dermitzaki, B. Wunderle, J. Bauer i B. Michel. "Basic thermo-mechanical property estimation of a 3D-crosslinked epoxy/SiO2 interface using molecular modelling". Microelectronics Reliability 51, nr 6 (czerwiec 2011): 1027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2011.03.014.
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Wunderle, B., E. Dermitzaki, O. Hölck, J. Bauer, H. Walter, Q. Shaik, K. Rätzke, F. Faupel, B. Michel i H. Reichl. "Molecular dynamics approach to structure–property correlation in epoxy resins for thermo-mechanical lifetime modeling". Microelectronics Reliability 50, nr 7 (lipiec 2010): 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2010.02.024.
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Abdul Hamid, Norihan, J. Yunas, B. Yeop Majlis, A. A. Hamzah i B. Bais. "Microfabrication of Si3N4-polyimide membrane for thermo-pneumatic actuator". Microelectronics International 32, nr 1 (5.01.2015): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-04-2014-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fabrication technology and test of thermo-pneumatic actuator utilizing Si3N4-polyimide thin film membrane. Thin film polyimide membrane capped with Si3N4 thin layer is used as actuator membrane which is able to deform through thermal forces inside an isolated chamber. The fabricated membrane will be suitable for thermo-pneumatic-based membrane actuation for lab-on-chip application. Design/methodology/approach – The actuator device consisting of a micro-heater, a Si-based micro-chamber and a heat-sensitive square-shaped membrane is fabricated using surface and bulk-micromachining process, with an additional adhesive bonding process. The polyimide membrane is capped with a thin silicon nitride layer that is fabricated by using etch stop technique and spin coating. Findings – The deformation property of the membrane depend on the volumetric expansion of air particles in the heat chamber as a result of temperature increase generated from the micro-heater inside the chamber. Preliminary testing showed that the fabricated micro-heater has the capability to generate heat in the chamber with a temperature increase of 18.8 °C/min. Analysis on membrane deflection against temperature increase showed that heat-sensitive thin polyimide membrane can perform the deflection up to 65 μm for a temperature increase of 57°C. Originality/value – The dual layer polyimide capped with Si3N4 was used as the membrane material. The nitride layer allowed the polyimide membrane for working at extreme heat condition. The process technique is simple implementing standard micro-electro-mechanical systems process.
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Vinod, K., A. T. Sathyanarayana, R. M. Sarguna i Awadhesh Mani. "Investigation on the role of thermo-magnetic history/hysteresis on the isothermal magnetic entropy change property of EuSe". Materials Research Express 6, nr 10 (13.09.2019): 106123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab41ce.
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Xu, Lei, Dongye Zhang, Yang Liu, Min Chen i Nan Wang. "Comparison of microstructure, thermo-mechanical property and corrosion resistance of bauxite-corundum refractory castables reinforced by two approaches". Ceramics International 47, nr 10 (maj 2021): 13660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.01.227.
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Pietrikova, Alena, Tomas Lenger, Olga Fricova, Lubos Popovic i Lubomir Livovsky. "Properties of glass/epoxy sandwich structure for electronic boards". Microelectronics International 37, nr 3 (27.03.2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-12-2019-0084.
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Purpose This study aims to characterize a novel glass/epoxy architecture sandwich structure for electronic boards. Understanding the thermo-mechanical behavior of these composites is important because it is possible to pre-determine whether defined “internal” thick laminates will be suitable for embedding components in the direction of the axis “z,” i.e. this method of manufacturing multilayer laminates can be used for incoming miniaturization in electronics. Design/methodology/approach Laminates with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) and high Tg with E-glass type were treated, tested and compared. Testing samples were manufactured by nonstandard two steps unidirectional lamination as a multilayer structure based on prepreg layers and as “a sandwich structure” to explore its effect on thermo-mechanical properties. The proposed tested method determines the time and temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties of the board by using dynamic mechanical analysis, thermo-mechanical analysis and three-point bend tests. Findings This testing method was chosen because the main property that promotes sandwich structure is their high stiffness. Glass/epoxy stiff and thermal stabile sandwich structure prepared by nonstandard two-stage lamination is proper for embedding components and the next miniaturization in electronics. Originality/value Compared with by-default applied glass-reinforced homogenous laminates, novel architecture sandwich structure is attractive because of a combination of strength, stiffness and all while maintaining the miniaturization requirement and multifunctional application in electronics.
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Paulista, Larissa O., Josep Albero, Ramiro J. E. Martins, Rui A. R. Boaventura, Vítor J. P. Vilar, Tânia F. C. V. Silva i Hermenegildo García. "Turning Carbon Dioxide and Ethane into Ethanol by Solar-Driven Heterogeneous Photocatalysis over RuO2- and NiO-co-Doped SrTiO3". Catalysts 11, nr 4 (1.04.2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040461.
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The current work focused on the sunlight-driven thermo-photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary greenhouse gas, by ethane (C2H6), the second most abundant element in shale gas, aiming at the generation of ethanol (EtOH), a renewable fuel. To promote this process, a hybrid catalyst was prepared and properly characterized, comprising of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) co-doped with ruthenium oxide (RuO2) and nickel oxide (NiO). The photocatalytic activity towards EtOH production was assessed in batch-mode and at gas-phase, under the influence of different conditions: (i) dopant loading; (ii) temperature; (iii) optical radiation wavelength; (vi) consecutive uses; and (v) electron scavenger addition. From the results here obtained, it was found that: (i) the functionalization of the SrTiO3 with RuO2 and NiO allows the visible light harvest and narrows the band gap energy (ca. 14–20%); (ii) the selectivity towards EtOH depends on the presence of Ni and irradiation; (iii) the catalyst photoresponse is mainly due to the visible photons; (iv) the photocatalyst loses > 50% efficiency right after the 2nd use; (v) the reaction mechanism is based on the photogenerated electron-hole pair charge separation; and (vi) a maximum yield of 64 μmol EtOH gcat−1 was obtained after 45-min (85 μmol EtOH gcat−1 h−1) of simulated solar irradiation (1000 W m−2) at 200 °C, using 0.4 g L−1 of SrTiO3:RuO2:NiO (0.8 wt.% Ru) with [CO2]:[C2H6] and [Ru]:[Ni] molar ratios of 1:3 and 1:1, respectively. Notwithstanding, despite its exploratory nature, this study offers an alternative route to solar fuels’ synthesis from the underutilized C2H6 and CO2.
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Мамедов, Шарафат Гаджиага оглы. "Исследование квазитройной системы FeS–Ga2S3–Ag2S по разрезу FeGa2S4–AgGaS2". Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 22, nr 2 (25.06.2020): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2020.22/2835.
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Интерес к изучению систем, содержащих сульфиды формулой АIВIIIСVI2, обусловлен, прежде всего, открывающимися возможностями их практического использования в изготовлении нелинейных оптических приборов, детекторов, солнечных батарей, фотодиодов, люминофоров и др. Поэтому в связи с поиском новых перспективных материаловна основе тиогаллата серебра и железа целью этой работы является исследование квазибинарного разреза FeGa2S4–AgGaS2 четырехкомпонентной системы Fe–Ag–Ga–S.Синтез сплавов системы AgGaS2–FeGa2S4 проводили из лигатур с использованием высокой чистоты: железа – 99.995 %, галлия – 99.999 %, серебра – 99.99 % и серы – 99.99 %. Исследование сплавов проводили методами дифференциально-термического, рентгенофазового, микроструктурного анализов, а также измерением микротвердости и определениемплотности.Методами физико-химического анализа впервые изучена и построена Т-x фазовая диаграмма разреза AgGaS2–FeGa2S4, который является внутренним сечением квазитройной системы FeS–Ga2S3–Ag2S. Установлено, что система относится к простому эвтектическому типу. Состав эвтектической точки: 56 мол. % FeGa2S4 и Т = 1100 К. На основе исходных компонентов были определены области твердых растворов. Растворимость на основе FeGa2S4 и AgGaS2 при эвтектической температуре достигает до 10 и 16 мол. % соответственно. С уменьшением температуры твердые растворы сужаются и при комнатной температуре составляют на основе тиогаллата железа (FeGa2S4) 4 мол. % AgGaS2,а на основе тиогаллата серебра (AgGaS2) 11 мол. % FeGa2S4.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
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Kumar, Rishi. "Thermo-Chromic Response of Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystal for Thermal Imaging". Non-Metallic Material Science 1, nr 2 (31.10.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/omms.v1i2.849.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch-LC) exhibits many remarkable optical properties due to formation of a macroscopic helical structure. A low amount of monomer (5wt.%) is dispersed into cholesteric liquid crystal and get polymerized under UV radiations to form polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT). The thermo-chromic response made this device suitable for the developing applications in thermal imaging. Temperature based measurements of PSCT exploits the key property of some polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLC) to reflect definite colors at specific temperatures. The selective color of PSCT texture shifts with raise in temperature from 30oC to 85oC, which can be utilized in thermal imaging applications.
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Cao, Tianlin, Fanyu Zhao, Zulin Da, Fengxian Qiu, Dongya Yang, Yijun Guan, Guorong Cao, Zerun Zhao, Jiaxin Li i Xiaotong Guo. "Synthesis of Amino-Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Azobenzene Polyimide and its Simulation of Optical Switches". Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 231, nr 11-12 (1.01.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2016-0801.
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AbstractIn this work, an amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AFGO) was synthesized by graphene oxide (GO) and ethylene diamine. A novel amino-functionalized graphene oxide/azobenzene polyimide (AFGO/ACPI) was synthesized with AFGO, azobenzene chromophore and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). The structure, mechanical and thermal property of AFGO/ACPI were characterized and measured by fourier transform infrared, UV-visible spectroscopy, near-infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. To obtain the refractive index of AFGO/ACPI at different temperature and wavelength (532 nm, 650 nm and 850 nm), the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method was used to measure, and thermo optic coefficients (dn/dT) were −7.22×10
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Wang, Peng-Hao, Cao-Ming Yu, Xiao-Qing Yu, Ming-Sheng Wang i Guo-Cong Guo. "UV-vis/X-ray/thermo-induced synthesis and UV–SWIR photoresponsive property of a mixed-valence viologen molybdate semiconductor". Chemical Communications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc00614b.
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This work offers a new strategy through the synergy of Mo(vi)–Mo(v) intervalence charge transfer and π(radical)–π(radical/cation) interactions to obtain semiconductors with photoresponsive ranges covering the whole UV–SWIR (ca. 250–3000 nm) region.
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Zhao, Ting, Li-Ping Sun, Qiang Li, Li-Hua Huo, Hui Zhao, Jean-Marc Bassat, Aline Rougier, Sébastien Fourcade i Jean-Claude Grenier. "Electrochemical Property Assessment of Pr2CuO4 Submicrofiber Cathode for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells". Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 13, nr 1 (1.02.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4033526.
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The Pr2CuO4 (PCO) submicrofiber precursors are prepared by electrospinning technique and the thermo-decomposition procedures are characterized by thermal gravity (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectoscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The fibrous PCO material was formed by sintering the precursors at 900 °C for 5 hrs. The highly porous PCO submicrofiber cathode forms good contact with the Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) electrolyte after heat-treated at 900 °C for 2 hrs. The performance of PCO submicrofiber cathode is comparably studied with the powder counterpart at various temperatures. The porous microstructure of the submicrofiber cathode effectively increases the three-phase boundary (TPB), which promotes the surface oxygen diffusion and/or adsorption process on the cathode. The PCO submicrofiber cathode exhibits an area specific resistance (ASR) of 0.38 Ω cm2 at 700 °C in air, which is 30% less than the PCO powder cathode. The charge transfer process is the rate limiting step of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the submicrofiber cathode. The maximum power densities of the electrolyte-support single cell PCO|CGO|NiO-CGO reach 149 and 74.5 mW cm−2 at 800 and 700 °C, respectively. The preliminary results indicate that the PCO submicrofiber can be considered as potential cathode for intermediate temperature solid fuel cells (IT-SOFCs).