Artykuły w czasopismach: „Thermal CFT”

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CHOWDHURY, BORUN D. "BLACK HOLES VERSUS FIREWALLS AND THERMO-FIELD DYNAMICS". International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, nr 12 (październik 2013): 1342011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181342011x.

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In this paper, we examine the implications of the ongoing black holes versus firewalls debate for the thermo-field dynamics of black holes by analyzing a conformal field theory (CFT) in a thermal state in the context of anti-de Sitter/CFT. We argue that the thermo-field doubled copy of the thermal CFT should be thought of not as a fictitious system, but as the image of the CFT in the heat bath. In case of strong coupling between the CFT and the heat bath, this image allows for free infall through the horizon and the system is described by a black hole. Conversely, firewalls are the appropriate dual description in case of weak interaction of the CFT with its heat bath.

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Dutta, Suvankar, i Rajesh Gopakumar. "Free fermions and thermal AdS/CFT". Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, nr 03 (6.03.2008): 011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/03/011.

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Dusling, Kevin, Derek Teaney, Clint Young, Johanna Erdmenger, Matthias Kaminski i Felix Rust. "Quarkonium transport in thermal AdS/CFT". Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, nr 10 (27.10.2008): 098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/10/098.

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Ohya, Satoshi. "Intertwining operator in thermal CFTd". International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, nr 02n03 (25.01.2017): 1750006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17500063.

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It has long been known that two-point functions of conformal field theory (CFT) are nothing but the integral kernels of intertwining operators for two equivalent representations of conformal algebra. Such intertwining operators are known to fulfill some operator identities — the intertwining relations — in the representation space of conformal algebra. Meanwhile, it has been known that the S-matrix operator in scattering theory is nothing but the intertwining operator between the Hilbert spaces of in- and out-particles. Inspired by this algebraic resemblance, in this paper, we develop a simple Lie-algebraic approach to momentum-space two-point functions of thermal CFT living on the hyperbolic space–time [Formula: see text] by exploiting the idea of Kerimov’s intertwining operator approach to exact S-matrix. We show that in thermal CFT on [Formula: see text], the intertwining relations reduce to certain linear recurrence relations for two-point functions in the complex momentum space. By solving these recurrence relations, we obtain the momentum-space representations of advanced and retarded two-point functions as well as positive- and negative-frequency two-point Wightman functions for a scalar primary operator in arbitrary space–time dimension [Formula: see text].

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Gan, Wen-Cong, Fu-Wen Shu i Meng-He Wu. "Thermal geometry from CFT at finite temperature". Physics Letters B 760 (wrzesień 2016): 796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.07.073.

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LEMOS, JOSÉ P. S., i VITOR CARDOSO. "RADIATION GENERATED BY THE INFALL OF A SCALAR PARTICLE IN A SCHWARZSCHILD–ANTI-DE SITTER BACKGROUND". International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, nr 20 (10.08.2002): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02011941.

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In the context of the AdS/CFT conjecture1, a Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter (SAdS) black hole may be looked at as a thermal state in the CFT. Perturbing the black hole corresponds in the CFT to perturb the thermal state. We considered an important specific perturbation - the radial infall of a small test particle coupled to a scalar field into a SAdS black hole. We computed the spectra, waveforms and total scalar energy radiated during this process. For small black holes, the spectra is dominated by a resonance, and the waveform by quasinormal ringing2,3,4. For large black holes we find that the waveform quickly settles down to its final zero value, always in a quasinormal way. The approach to thermal equilibrium in the CFT is therefore dictated by the lowest quasinormal frequency. We also commented on the interpretation of the bulk process when viewed from the brane: to the black hole corresponds a thermal bath, to the infalling probe corresponds an expanding bubble, and to the scalar field waves correspond particles decaying into bosons of the associate operator of the gauge theory. For more details see5,6.

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Li, Lingjie, Dongna Li, Xiaoming Zhu, Kun Zhang i Yanhu Mu. "Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Thermal Insulating Materials Used in Cold Regions Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review". Geofluids 2022 (23.09.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9015055.

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Thermal insulating materials (TIMs) are widely used in roadways, tunnels, airfields, pipeline systems, and buildings in cold regions to prevent infrastructure from freeze damages and reduce energy consumption. During the period of use in cold regions, however, seasonal freeze-thaw actions can cause degradation of thermal and mechanical properties of TIMs and even malfunctions. Lots of research has been carried out on the durability of TIMs under cyclic freeze-thaw (CFT), but comprehensive reviews are scarce at present. Based on a literature review, the state and development of the test apparatus, temperature controls for the CFT test, and changes in the thermal and mechanical characteristics of TIMs during the CFT operations were summarized in this study. The review shows that the CFT can damage the TIMs’ microstructure, which will result in an increase in the materials’ thermal conductivity and water absorption rate with a decrease in their mechanical strength. However, since the application scenarios of TIMs are various, there are significant differences in previous researches, especially the test conditions. These differences limited the applicability of the test results and make a barrier among researchers and engineers. Thus, a unified test method for the durability of TIMs under the CFTs should be established in the future.

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Pires, Tiago A. de C., João Paulo C. Rodrigues i Jose J. R. Silva. "Numerical analysis on circular concrete-filled tubular columns subjected to fire". Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 10, nr 1 (28.02.2019): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-06-2017-0036.

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Purpose Nowadays, circular concrete-filled tubular (CFT) columns are largely used in construction because of structural and architectural advantages such as high load bearing capacity and aesthetic appearance. The behavior of CFT columns at ambient and high temperatures is good; however, there are problems related to their behavior in fire when inserted in a real building structure, as for example, the influence of the restraining to thermal elongation that have to be addressed in order to improve their design. This study aims to present the results of a numerical study on the behavior of CFT columns with restrained thermal elongation in case of fire. Design/methodology/approach The parameters tested in the numerical simulations included column slenderness, load level, surrounding structure stiffness and steel reinforcement ratio. A sequentially coupled thermal stress analysis was carried out. The numerical model was validated with results from a large series of fire resistance tests carried out at Coimbra University, in Portugal. From these, simple equations to evaluate CFT column critical times were derived. Findings The results were also compared with the ones obtained from the current EN 1994-1-2:2005 simplified calculation and tabulated data methods. For the analyzed cases, it was verified that, while the simplified calculation method led to safe results on the evaluation of the fire resistance of CFT columns with restrained thermal elongation, the tabulated data method led, in certain cases, to unsafe results. This research showed also lower critical times than those from literature on similar type of columns. Originality/value The influence of the stiffness of the surrounding structure on the behavior of CFT columns subjected to fire was not yet clear in the major part of the studies already carried out. So, this paper has the originality to consider this parameter in the numerical simulations of this type of columns.

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Cao, Xuanmin, Lian Liu i Hui Liu. "Thermal R-current correlators from AdS/CFT correspondence". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 41, nr 5 (26.02.2014): 055004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/41/5/055004.

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Son, Dam T., i Derek Teaney. "Thermal noise and stochastic strings in AdS/CFT". Journal of High Energy Physics 2009, nr 07 (6.07.2009): 021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/07/021.

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Barvinsky, A. O. "Thermal power spectrum in the CFT driven cosmology". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2013, nr 10 (29.10.2013): 059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/10/059.

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Gan, Wen-Cong, Fu-Wen Shu i Meng-He Wu. "Emergent geometry, thermal CFT and surface/state correspondence". Physics Letters B 772 (wrzesień 2017): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.07.011.

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Pradhan, Parthapratim. "CFT and Logarithmic Corrections to the Black Hole Entropy Product Formula". Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2367387.

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We examine the logarithmic corrections to the black hole (BH) entropy product formula of outer horizon and inner horizon by taking into account the effects of statistical quantum fluctuations around the thermal equilibrium and via conformal field theory (CFT). We argue that, in logarithmic corrections to the BH entropy product formula when calculated using CFT and taking into account the effects of quantum fluctuations around the thermal equilibrium, the formula should not be universal and it also should not be quantized. These results have been explicitly checked by giving several examples.

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Irges, Nikos, Antonis Kalogirou i Fotis Koutroulis. "Thermal Effects in Ising Cosmology". Universe 9, nr 10 (28.09.2023): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9100434.

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We consider a real scalar field in de Sitter background and compute its thermal propagators. We propose that in a dS/CFT context, nontrivial thermal effects as seen by an `outside’ observer can be encoded in the anomalous dimensions of the d=3 Ising model. One of these anomalous dimensions, the critical exponent η, completely fixes a number of cosmological observables, which we compute.

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15

Zhang, Teng, i Ri Guang Jin. "Relationship between Flame-Retardant Property and Structure of Cyclomatrix Phosphazene Polymer". Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (luty 2006): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.395.

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A novel phosphazene cyclomatrix network polymer was synthesized via nucleophilic displacement of activated nitro groups of tri(4-nitrophenoxy)tri(phenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene with the hydroxyls of bisphenol A. Then, thermal properties of the polymer was investigated using dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air, pyrolysis and combustion experiments. According to the relation among the pyrolysis residue (CR) at 850°C, the char-forming tendency (CFT) of every structural unit in polymer and the limiting oxygen index (LOI), CFT of the structural unit (-P=N-)3 and the LOI of the polymer were calculated as 35.04 and 34.3 respectively, which provided theoretical parameter for designing the cyclomatrix- or cyclo- phosphazene polymers with highly thermal and flame-retardant properties.

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Wang, Zhongwei, i Yuntao Song. "Thermal Analysis of the ITER TF Feeder CFT and ICF". Journal of Fusion Energy 34, nr 4 (18.02.2015): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10894-014-9832-0.

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Mes, A. K., R. W. Moerman, J. P. Shock i W. A. Horowitz. "Strongly coupled heavy and light quark thermal motion from AdS/CFT". Annals of Physics 436 (styczeń 2022): 168675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2021.168675.

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Wang, Anran, Bin Cai, Lili Fu, Miao Liang, Xiangdong Shi, Bing Wang, Nan Deng i Bin Li. "Analysis of Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Cigar Tobacco and Flue-Cured Tobacco by TG-FTIR". Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research 30, nr 1 (1.03.2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2021-0004.

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Summary Investigation of the detailed pyrolysis characteristics of tobacco raw materials is important for the understanding of product design and consumption. In this work, pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic models of cigar filler tobacco (CFT), cigar wrapper tobacco (CWT), and flue-cured tobacco (FCT) were investigated by using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The pyrolysis of different tobacco samples could be divided into four stages based on the derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) curves. Flue-cured tobacco underwent a marked decomposition process at lower temperatures (about 200 °C), while the thermal decomposition of cigar tobacco occurs at higher temperatures. During the pyrolysis process, evolved gases including H2O, CO2, CH4, CO, carbonyls, alcohols, phenols and aromatic compounds were detected by FTIR. CWT released more CO2 than CFT, while the amount of CO2, CH4, CO and aromatic compounds released by flue-cured tobacco was lower than that of cigar tobacco. The pyrolysis kinetics of tobacco leaves were further analyzed and compared through the isoconversional FWO (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa) and KAS (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose) methods. The activation energy of FCT (from 100.1 kJ mol−1 to 192.1 kJ mol−1) was lower than that of CFT (from 207.36 kJ mol−1 to 319.28 kJ mol−1) and CWT (from 160.40 kJ mol−1 to 260.45 kJ mol−1). The thermal decomposition kinetics of different tobaccos were analyzed by Málek and Coats-Redfern methods.

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Groeneveld, Jan Derk, Manfred Burianek, Johannes Birkenstock, Lennart A. Fischer, Robert D. Shannon i Reinhard X. Fischer. "Synthesis, revised crystal structures, and refractive indices of ABW-type CsMTiO4 (M = Al, Fe, Ga) and ANA-type CsTi1.10Si1.90O6.50, and the determination of the electronic polarizability of 4-coordinated Ti4+". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 235, nr 11 (26.11.2020): 533–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2020-0056.

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AbstractSingle crystals of ABW-type CsAlTiO4 (CAT), CsFeTiO4 (CFT), CsGaTiO4 (CGT), and ANA-type CsTi1.1Si1.9O6.5 (CST) were grown and characterized by electron microprobe analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, and spindle-stage optical investigations to determine the electronic polarizability of 4-coordinated Ti4+, α([4]Ti4+). The crystal structure of CAT was confirmed to crystallize in the highest possible topological symmetry Imma (a = 8.9677(2) Å, b = 5.7322(1) Å, c = 9.9612(3) Å) with tetrahedrally coordinated Al and Ti equally distributed on Wyckoff position 8i. Twinning by reticular merohedry with a twin index of 2 was observed for most of the crystals resulting in a hexagonal twin lattice (a = 11.487(3) Å, c = 8.968(2) Å) with Laue symmetry 6/mmm. Refractive indices measured by immersion methods on an untwinned specimen are nx = 1.716(5), ny = 1.725(2), and nz = 1.727(1) with 2Vz = 127.1(6)°. The diffraction patterns of CFT and CGT clearly showed superstructure reflections causing a symmetry lowering of index 4 with a transformation according to 2a, b, c from Imma to Pmab with a = 18.3054(7) Å, b = 5.8083(2) Å, c = 9.9938(4) Å for CFT, and a = 18.2921(6) Å, b = 5.7636(2) Å, c = 9.9210(3) Å for CGT. Refractive indices for CGT are nx = 1.750(3), ny = 1.772(3), and nz = 1.776(2) with 2Vz = 132(1)°. The crystal structure of the ANA-type CsTi1.1Si1.9O6.5 was confirmed to crystallize in space group Ia$\overline{3}$d (a = 13.8333(4) Å). The extra 0.5 O atoms are needed for charge compensation and to allow the sum of electronic polarizabilities to give a total electronic polarizability calculated from the refractive index n = 1.718(4). The electronic polarizability of [4]Ti4+ was calculated from the difference between the observed total polarizabilities (derived from the mean refractive indices of CAT and CGT) and the sum of electronic polarizabilities of cations and anions omitting the polarizability of Ti resulting in α([4]Ti4+) = 5.15(5) Å3.

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Chuttar, Aditya, i Debjyoti Banerjee. "Machine Learning (ML) Based Thermal Management for Cooling of Electronics Chips by Utilizing Thermal Energy Storage (TES) in Packaging That Leverages Phase Change Materials (PCM)". Electronics 10, nr 22 (13.11.2021): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222785.

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Miniaturization of electronics devices is often limited by the concomitant high heat fluxes (cooling load) and maldistribution of temperature profiles (hot spots). Thermal energy storage (TES) platforms providing supplemental cooling can be a cost-effective solution, that often leverages phase change materials (PCM). Although salt hydrates provide higher storage capacities and power ratings (as compared to that of the organic PCMs), they suffer from reliability issues (e.g., supercooling). “Cold Finger Technique (CFT)” can obviate supercooling by maintaining a small mass fraction of the PCM in a solid state for enabling spontaneous nucleation. Optimization of CFT necessitates real-time forecasting of the transient values of the melt-fraction. In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) is explored for real-time prediction of the time remaining to reach a target value of melt-fraction based on the prior history of the spatial distribution of the surface temperature transients. Two different approaches were explored for training the ANN model, using: (1) transient PCM-temperature data; or (2) transient surface-temperature data. When deployed in a heat sink that leverages PCM-based passive thermal management systems for cooling electronic chips and packages, this maverick approach (using the second method) affords cheaper costs, better sustainability, higher reliability, and resilience. The error in prediction varies during the melting process. During the final stages of the melting cycle, the errors in the predicted values are ~5% of the total time-scale of the PCM melting experiments.

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Buchel, Alex. "Universality of small black hole instability in AdS/CFT". International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, nr 13 (22.10.2017): 1750140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817501401.

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[Formula: see text] Type IIb supergravity compactifications on five-dimensional Einstein manifolds [Formula: see text] realize holographic duals to four-dimensional conformal field theories. Black holes in such geometries are dual to thermal states in these CFTs. When black holes become sufficiently small in (global) [Formula: see text], they are expected to suffer Gregory–Laflamme instability with respect to localization on [Formula: see text]. Previously, the instability was demonstrated for gravitational dual of [Formula: see text] SYM, where [Formula: see text]. We extend stability analysis to arbitrary [Formula: see text]. We point out that the quasinormal mode equation governing the instabilities is universal. The precise onset of the instability is [Formula: see text]-sensitive, as it is governed by the lowest nonvanishing eigenvalue [Formula: see text] of its Laplacian.

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Joseph, Anosh. "N = 2* Yang-Mills on the Lattice". EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 08019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817508019.

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The N = 2* Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions is a non-conformal theory that appears as a mass deformation of maximally supersymmetric N = 4 Yang-Mills theory. This theory also takes part in the AdS/CFT correspondence and its gravity dual is type IIB supergravity on the Pilch-Warner background. The finite temperature properties of this theory have been studied recently in the literature. It has been argued that at large N and strong coupling this theory exhibits no thermal phase transition at any nonzero temperature. The low temperature N = 2* plasma can be compared to the QCD plasma. We provide a lattice construction of N = 2* Yang-Mills on a hypercubic lattice starting from the N = 4 gauge theory. The lattice construction is local, gauge-invariant, free from fermion doubling problem and preserves a part of the supersymmetry. This nonperturbative formulation of the theory can be used to provide a highly nontrivial check of the AdS/CFT correspondence in a non-conformal theory.

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Escobedo, Miguel Ángel. "Medium evolution of a static quark-antiquark pair in the large N_c limit". EPJ Web of Conferences 258 (2022): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225805006.

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We study the transitions between the different color states of a static quark-antiquark pair, singlet and octet, in a thermal medium. This is done non-perturbatively exploiting the infinite mass limit of QCD. This study is interesting because it can be used for future developments within the framework of Effective Field Theories (EFTs) and because it can be combined with other techniques, like lattice QCD or AdS/CFT, to gain non-perturbative information about the evolution of quarkonium in a medium. We also study the obtained expressions in the large Nc limit. This allows us to learn lessons that are useful to simplify phenomenological models of quarkonium in a plasma.

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Xu, Xiao-Bao, Shan-Quan Lan, Gu-Qiang Li i Jie-Xiong Mo. "A simple analysis of the mixed-state information metric in AdS3/CFT2". Modern Physics Letters A 34, nr 40 (25.12.2019): 1950334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319503346.

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We compute the quantum information metrics of a thermal CFT on [Formula: see text] perturbed by the scalar primary operators of conformal dimensions [Formula: see text] = 3, 4, 5, 6. In particular, we assume that the Hamiltonians of the mixed states commute with each other and the temperature is fixed. Under these conditions, the evaluation is analogous to the pure state case. Then we apply the method of A. Trivella [Class. Quantum Grav. 34, 105003 (2017)] to calculate the mixed state information metric for the scalar primary operator of conformal dimension [Formula: see text] = 4 holographically, and reproduce exactly the result in the CFT2 by our approach.

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Park, Chanyong, i Jung Hun Lee. "Nucleon form factors in the nuclear medium". International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, nr 02 (20.01.2018): 1850016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18500161.

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By using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we investigate various form factors between nucleons and mesons in a nuclear medium. In order to describe a nuclear medium holographically, we take into account the thermal charged AdS geometry with an appropriate IR cutoff. After introducing an anomalous dimension as a free parameter, we investigate how the nucleon’s mass is affected by the change of the anomalous dimension. Moreover, we study how the form factors of nucleons rely on the properties of the nuclear medium. We show that in a nuclear medium with different numbers of proton and neutron, the degenerated nucleon form factor in the vacuum is split into four different values depending on the isospin charges of nucleon and meson.

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Cadoni, Mariano, i Andrea P. Sanna. "Unitarity and Page Curve for Evaporation of 2D AdS Black Holes". Entropy 24, nr 1 (8.01.2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24010101.

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We explore the Hawking evaporation of two-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS2), dilatonic black hole coupled with conformal matter, and derive the Page curve for the entanglement entropy of radiation. We first work in a semiclassical approximation with backreaction. We show that the end-point of the evaporation process is AdS2 with a vanishing dilaton, i.e., a regular, singularity-free, zero-entropy state. We explicitly compute the entanglement entropies of the black hole and the radiation as functions of the horizon radius, using the conformal field theory (CFT) dual to AdS2 gravity. We use a simplified toy model, in which evaporation is described by the forming and growing of a negative mass configuration in the positive-mass black hole interior. This is similar to the “islands” proposal, recently put forward to explain the Page curve for evaporating black holes. The resulting Page curve for AdS2 black holes is in agreement with unitary evolution. The entanglement entropy of the radiation initially grows, closely following a thermal behavior, reaches a maximum at half-way of the evaporation process, and then goes down to zero, following the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the black hole. Consistency of our simplified model requires a non-trivial identification of the central charge of the CFT describing AdS2 gravity with the number of species of fields describing Hawking radiation.

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Sheykhi, A., M. H. Dehghani i M. Kord Zangeneh. "Thermodynamics of Charged Rotating Dilaton Black Branes Coupled to Logarithmic Nonlinear Electrodynamics". Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3265968.

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We construct a new class of charged rotating black brane solutions in the presence of logarithmic nonlinear electrodynamics with complete set of the rotation parameters in arbitrary dimensions. The topology of the horizon of these rotating black branes is flat, while due to the presence of the dilaton field the asymptotic behavior of them is neither flat nor (anti-)de Sitter [(A)dS]. We investigate the physical properties of the solutions. The mass and angular momentum of the spacetime are obtained by using the counterterm method inspired by AdS/CFT correspondence. We derive temperature, electric potential, and entropy associated with the horizon and check the validity of the first law of thermodynamics on the black brane horizon. We study thermal stability of the solutions in both canonical and grand-canonical ensemble and disclose the effects of the rotation parameter, nonlinearity of electrodynamics, and dilaton field on the thermal stability conditions. We find the solutions are thermally stable forα<1, while forα>1the solutions may encounter an unstable phase, whereαis dilaton-electromagnetic coupling constant.

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HUSAIN, VIQAR. "NAKED SINGULARITIES AND THE WILSON LOOP". Modern Physics Letters A 17, nr 15n17 (7.06.2002): 955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230200693x.

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We give observations about dualities where one of the dual theories is geometric. These are illustrated with a duality between the simple harmonic oscillator and a topological field theory. We then discuss the Wilson loop in the context of the AdS/CFT duality. We show that the Wilson loop calculation for certain asymptotically AdS scalar field space–times with naked singularities gives results qualitatively similar to that for the AdS black hole. In particular, it is apparent that (dimensional) metric parameters in the singular space–times permit a "thermal screening" interpretation for the uark potential in the boundary theory, just like black hole mass. This suggests that the Wilson loop calculation merely captures metric parameter information rather than true horizon information.

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LIN, FENG-LI, TOSHIHIRO MATSUO i DAN TOMINO. "HAGEDORN STRINGS IN AdS3". Modern Physics Letters A 23, nr 17n20 (28.06.2008): 1552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308027953.

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Motivated by the possibility of formulating a strings/black hole correspondence in AdS space, we extract the Hagedorn behavior of thermal AdS 3 bosonic string from 1-loop partition function of SL(2,R) WZW model. We find that the Hagedorn temperature is monotonically increasing as the AdS radius shrinks, reaches a maximum of order of string scale set by the unitarity bound of the CFT for internal space. The resulting density of states near the Hagedorn temperature resembles the form as for strings in flat space and is dominated by the space-like long string configurations. We also examine strings on BTZ background obtained through SL(2, Z) transformation. We find a tachyonic divergence for a BTZ black hole of string scale size.

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Tian, Shuangshuang, Xiaoping Jin, Xiaoxing Zhang, Xiaohan Li, Zian Yuan i Li Chen. "Study on thermal decomposition characteristics of C₆F₁₂O/O₂/CO₂ gas mixtures". AIP Advances 12, nr 11 (1.11.2022): 115003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123968.

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Due to its excellent insulation properties and environmental characteristics, C6F12O gas mixture shows a wide range of applications prospects in low and medium voltage gas insulated equipment. The thermal decomposition characteristics of gas insulating medium are of great importance for the industrial application of gases and the operation and maintenance of equipment. In this paper, the type and concentration of the main products of the thermal decomposition of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture are researched experimentally with different O2 mixing ratios, and the effective gas production rate is analyzed. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture is studied based on ReaxFF molecular dynamics. The experimental results show that the main thermal decomposition products are CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, C4F10, C5F12, and C6F14. The addition of O2 promotes the thermal decomposition of the C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture. Theoretical studies show that the C6F12O in the mixture undergoes the multistage decomposition reaction. The main particles of all levels of decomposition are C3F7COCF2, CF3, CF3CFC(O) (CF2), CF2CO, C3F7, C3F7C(O) (CF2), CFC(O) (CF2), FCCO, F, CF3CFCF2, CO, and CF2. The results of the research can provide some reference for the engineering application and maintenance of C6F12O gas mixture insulated equipment.

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31

Tam, Christina, Thomas Henderson, Larry Stanker i Luisa Cheng. "Influence of Food Matrices on the Stability and Bioavailability of Abrin". Toxins 10, nr 12 (1.12.2018): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120502.

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Abrin, a highly toxic plant toxin, is a potential bioterror weapon. Work from our laboratory and others have shown that abrin is highly resistant to both thermal and pH inactivation methods. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of selected food processing thermal inactivation conditions against abrin in economically important food matrices (whole milk, non-fat milk, liquid egg, and ground beef). The effectiveness of toxin inactivation was measured via three different assays: (1) In vitro cell free translation (CFT) assay, (2) Vero cell culture cytotoxicity; and the in vivo mouse intraperitoneal (ip) bioassay. For both whole and non-fat milk, complete inactivation was achieved at temperatures of ≥ 80 °C for 3 min or 134 °C for 60 s, which were higher than the normal vat/batch pasteurization or the high temperature short time pasteurization (HTST). Toxin inactivation in liquid egg required temperatures of ≥ 74 °C for 3 min higher than suggested temperatures for scrambled eggs (22% solids) and plain whole egg. Additionally, the ground beef (80:20%) matrix was found to be inhibitory for full toxin activity in the mouse bioassay while retaining some activity in both the cell free translation assay and Vero cell culture cytotoxicity assay.

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32

KLEBANOV, IGOR R. "QCD AND STRING THEORY". International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, nr 08n09 (10.04.2006): 1831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032794.

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This talk begins with some history and basic facts about string theory and its connections with strong interactions. Comparisons of stacks of Dirichlet branes with curved backgrounds produced by them are used to motivate the AdS/CFT correspondence between superconformal gauge theory and string theory on a product of Anti-de Sitter space and a compact manifold. The ensuing duality between semi-classical spinning strings and long gauge theory operators is briefly reviewed. Strongly coupled thermal SYM theory is explored via a black hole in 5-dimensional AdS space, which leads to explicit results for its entropy and shear viscosity. A conjectured universal lower bound on the viscosity to entropy density ratio, and its possible relation to recent results from RHIC, are discussed. Finally, some available results on string duals of confining gauge theories are briefly reviewed.

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33

Si, W., Y. Lu, X. He, S. Ji, Y. Niu, T. Tan i W. Ji. "116 IMPROVED SURVIVAL BY CRYOPRESERVING RHESUS MACAQUE (MACACA MULATTA) SPERMATOZOA WITH DIRECTIONAL FREEZING TECHNIQUE". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, nr 1 (2010): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab116.

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A significant increase in nonhuman primate models of human diseases will be expected in the near future since the successes in production of genetically engineered rhesus monkey models of human diseases. Sperm banking can provide an effective way to preserve valuable genetic resources. Our objective was to (1) develop a protocol using directional freezing technique (DFT) for rhesus monkey spermatozoa cryopreservation, which allows precise control of the velocity and the morphology of the ice-front propagation by transferring the tubes loaded with 2 mL sperm samples at a controllable velocity through two separate chambers with controllable temperature settings, and (2) achieve survival rate that was higher than that achieved with conventional freezing technique (CFT), by which sperm samples were cryopreserved in 0.25 mL straws with liquid nitrogen vapor in a styrofoam box. Sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) assay were used to assess the function of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher protected LSD test. Experiment 1 was aimed at optimizing the cooling rate using DFT. Tubes were frozen using the multi-thermal gradient freezing device (MTG 516, Harmony CryoCareTM, IMT Ltd.) at fast (16°C/min), medium (12°C/min), and slow (7°C/min) cooling rates, which corresponded to the transferring velocities (2.5, 1.5, and 0.5 mm s-1, respectively). The results showed that spermatozoa frozen at fast and medium cooling rates showed significantly higher frozen-thawed motility than those frozen at slow cooling rate (61% and 59% v. 50%, P < 0.05). However, no difference was observed on sperm acrosomal integrity among the experimental groups (84, 80, and 78%, respectively, P > 0.05). The purposes of Experiment 2 were determined to examine if using DFT at the optimized cooling rate (12°C/min) can improve the cryo-survival of rhesus monkey spermatozoa compared with CFT. Our results showed that spermatozoa cryopreserved by using DFT achieved significantly higher frozen-thawed sperm motility that those cryopreserved by using CFT (64 v. 54%, P < 0.05). However, no difference was observed on acrosomal integrity between spermatozoa cryopreserved by DFT and CFT (84 and 83%, respectively; P > 0.05). The function of spermatozoa cryopreserved by using DFT was further evaluated by IVF. Females were treated with rhFSH twice-daily for 8 days after the onset of menses and following a treatment of hCG injection on Day 9. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected by laparoscopic follicular aspiration 32 h later. Of the inseminated oocytes, 79% were fertilized and 90 and 53% of the resulting zygotes developed into 2-cell and blastocysts, respectively. The fertilization rate was lower and the blastocyst rate was slightly higher than our previous report when fresh spermatozoa were used for IVF (94 and 52%, respectively). Our results indicate that spermatozoa of rhesus monkeys can be effectively cryopreserved using DFT in large volume. This finding provided a new and effective way for genetics preservation purposes in this important species.

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34

Bajc, Borut, i Adrian Lugo. "CFT thermal 2-point function". International Journal of Modern Physics A, 13.10.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x23430054.

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35

Hung, Tran N., i Cao H. Nam. "Topological equivalence and phase transition rate in holographic thermodynamics of regularized Maxwell theory". European Physical Journal C 84, nr 8 (30.08.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13252-0.

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AbstractUtilizing the holographic dictionary from the proposal that treats Newton’s constant as a thermodynamic variable, we establish a thermodynamic topological equivalence between the AdS black holes in the bulk and the thermal states in the dual CFT. The findings further reveal that the thermodynamic topological characteristics of the RegMax AdS black holes are strongly influenced by the characteristic parameter of the regularized Maxwell theory. Additionally, we investigate the phase transition between low and high entropy thermal states within a canonical ensemble in the dual CFT. Our observations indicate that the phase transition behavior of the thermal states mirrors that of the black holes. By modeling the phase transition process as a stochastic process, we are able to calculate the rates of phase transition between the thermal states. This result enhances our understanding of the dominant processes involved in the phase transition of the thermal states in the dual CFT.

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36

Benjamin, Nathan, Jaeha Lee, Hirosi Ooguri i David Simmons-Duffin. "Universal asymptotics for high energy CFT data". Journal of High Energy Physics 2024, nr 3 (20.03.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep03(2024)115.

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Abstract Equilibrium finite temperature observables of a CFT can be described by a local effective action for background fields — a “thermal effective action”. This effective action determines the asymptotic density of states of a CFT as a detailed function of dimension and spin. We discuss subleading perturbative and nonperturbative corrections to the density, comparing with free and holographic examples. We furthermore show how to use the thermal effective action on more complicated geometries at special locations called “hot spots”. The hot spot idea makes a prediction for a CFT partition function on a higher-dimensional version of a genus-2 Riemann surface, in a particular high temperature limit. By decomposing the partition function into a novel higher-dimensional version of genus-2 conformal blocks (which we compute at large scaling dimension), we extract the asymptotic density of heavy-heavy-heavy OPE coefficients in a higher-dimensional CFT. We also compute asymptotics of thermal 1-point functions using the same techniques.

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37

Rodriguez-Gomez, D., i J. G. Russo. "Thermal correlation functions in CFT and factorization". Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, nr 11 (listopad 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2021)049.

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Abstract We study 2-point and 3-point functions in CFT at finite temperature for large dimension operators using holography. The 2-point function leads to a universal formula for the holographic free energy in d dimensions in terms of the c-anomaly coefficient. By including α′ corrections to the black brane background, we reproduce the leading correction at strong coupling. In turn, 3-point functions have a very intricate structure, exhibiting a number of interesting properties. In simple cases, we find an analytic formula. When the dimensions satisfy ∆i = ∆j + ∆k, the thermal 3-point function satisfies a factorization property. We argue that in d > 2 factorization is a reflection of the semiclassical regime.

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38

Engelsöy, Julius, i Bo Sundborg. "Tidal excitation as mixing in thermal CFT". Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, nr 8 (sierpień 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep08(2021)085.

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Abstract We use mixed correlators in thermal CFT as clean probes of the strong gravity effects in their holographic duals. The dual interpretation of mixing is an inelastic conversion of one field to another field, induced by gravity: tidal excitation. We find an enhanced mixing at high temperatures, corresponding to large AdS black holes, concentrated to small boundary momenta, dual to the deep bulk, where strong gravitational fields are expected. We also find large $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{G}_N\right) $$ O 1 / G N tidal conversion in the low temperature phase of the U(N) vector model, strengthening suspicions that the bulk dual of this phase also houses extremely compact objects.

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39

Khetrapal, Surbhi. "Chaos and operator growth in 2d CFT". Journal of High Energy Physics 2023, nr 3 (23.03.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep03(2023)176.

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Abstract We study the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) in a zero temperature 2d large-c CFT under evolution by a Liouvillian composed of the Virasoro generators. A bound was conjectured in [1] on the growth of the OTOC set by the Krylov complexity which is a measure of operator growth. The latter grows as an exponential of time with exponent 2α, which sets an upper bound on the Lyapunov exponent, ΛL≤ 2α. We find that for a two dimensional zero temperature CFT, the OTOC decays exponentially with a Lyapunov exponent which saturates this bound. We show that these Virasoro generators form the modular Hamiltonian of the CFT with half space traced out. Therefore, evolution by this modular Hamiltonian gives rise to thermal dynamics in a zero temperature CFT. Leveraging the thermal dynamics of the system, we derive this bound in a zero temperature CFT using the analyticity and boundedness properties of the OTOC.

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40

Bhatta, Atanu, i Taniya Mandal. "Exact thermal correlators of holographic CFTs". Journal of High Energy Physics 2023, nr 2 (22.02.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep02(2023)222.

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Abstract We compute the exact retarded Green’s functions in thermal CFTs with chemical potential and angular momenta using holography respectively. We consider the field equations satisfied by the quasi-normal modes in both charged and rotating black holes in AdS spacetime and mapped them to the Heun equations by appropriate changes of variables. The AGT correspondence allows us to find the connection formulae among the solutions of the Heun equations near different singularities by using the crossing relations of the five-point correlators in the Liouville CFT. The connection formulae associated with the boundary conditions imposed on the bulk field equations yield the exact thermal correlators in the boundary CFT.

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41

Chattopadhyay, Arghya, Taniya Mandal i Alessio Marrani. "Freudenthal duality in conformal field theory". Journal of High Energy Physics 2024, nr 11 (8.11.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2024)057.

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Abstract Rotational Freudenthal duality (RFD) relates two extremal Kerr-Newman (KN) black holes (BHs) with different angular momenta and electric-magnetic charges, but with the same Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Through the Kerr/CFT correspondence (and its KN extension), a four-dimensional, asymptotically flat extremal KN BH is endowed with a dual thermal, two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) such that the Cardy entropy of the CFT is the same as the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the KN BH itself. Using this connection, we study the effect of the RFD on the thermal CFT dual to the KN extremal (or doubly-extremal) BH. We find that the RFD maps two different thermal, two-dimensional CFTs with different temperatures and central charges, but with the same asymptotic density of states, thereby matching the Cardy entropy. We also discuss the action of the RFD on doubly-extremal rotating BHs, finding a spurious branch in the non-rotating limit, and determining that for this class of BH solutions the image of the RFD necessarily over-rotates.

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42

Halder, Indranil, i Daniel L. Jafferis. "Double winding condensate CFT". Journal of High Energy Physics 2024, nr 5 (15.05.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep05(2024)189.

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Abstract We conjecture a two-dimensional conformal field theory built out of a linear dilaton and a compact βγ system deformed by winding condensates on each of the compact cycles. In particular, explicit expressions of the residues of the correlation functions are provided. As a worldsheet theory, it describes a stringy black hole in AdS3 (supported by the Kalb-Ramond flux) at the Hawking-Page temperature. It is expected to be connected to the Horowitz-Polchinski-like solution near the Hagedorn temperature of thermal AdS3 and Euclidean BTZ blackhole as we vary the temperature.

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43

He, Peng-Zhang, i Hai-Qing Zhang. "Revisit the entanglement entropy with gravitational anomaly". Journal of High Energy Physics 2023, nr 11 (21.11.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)142.

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Abstract In this paper we study the entanglement entropy in the CFT2, whose gravity dual is AdS3 spacetime with a Chern-Simons term. Using the generalized Rindler method, we obtain the Rindler transformation in the two-dimensional planar CFT and compute the entanglement entropy of the CFT with gravitational anomalies. The conditions under which the entanglement entropy may have anomalous contributions is also discussed. In addition, we present a relatively general form of the Rindler AdS metric and compute its thermal entropy, which agrees with the entanglement entropy in the field theory. Moreover, we utilize the conformal transformation, which maps a cylinder to a plane, to compute the entanglement entropy of the CFT residing on a cylinder, as well as the entanglement entropy of the CFT at finite temperature on a plane. The corresponding contribution of the Chern-Simons term in gravity to the black hole thermal entropy is also obtained from this approach. These results are important for further understandings of the two-dimensional CFT with gravitational anomalies.

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44

Bhatta, Atanu, Shankhadeep Chakrabortty, Taniya Mandal i Arpit Maurya. "Holographic thermal correlators for hyperbolic CFTs". Journal of High Energy Physics 2023, nr 11 (22.11.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2023)156.

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Abstract We use holography to compute the exact form of retarded Green’s functions for a scalar operator with conformal dimension ∆ in a thermal CFT and in its related counterpart with chemical potential in R1 × H3. In our analysis, we recast the wave equation of a scalar field in the normal form of Heun’s equation in the dual gravity theories described by the AdS hyperbolic blackhole and its charged version. Heun’s equation is identified to the semiclassical limit of the BPZ equation for a five-point correlator with one degenerate field insertion in the Liouville theory on the Riemann sphere. The crossing symmetry of conformal block in the Liouville theory eventually gives rise to a set of connection formulas among the solutions of Heun’s equation evaluated at different regular singularities. We use the connection formula to reproduce the leading order behaviors of the scalar field near the horizon as well as near the boundary and achieve the exact form of the retarded thermal Green’s function. We show a recipe to obtain the exact retarded Green’s function for a thermal CFT dual to AdS blackbrane from a high-temperature limit accompanied by a complex mapping on AdS hyperbolic blackhole. Moreover, we show the retarded Green’s function for the boundary CFT of Rindler AdS spacetime admits a free integer parameter.

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45

Murugan, M., R. Vijayan, A. Saravanan i S. Jaisankar. "Influence of Corrugated Booster Reflectors in a Centrally Finned Twist Inserted Solar Thermal Collector on Heat Transfer and Thermal Performance Characteristics". Journal of Heat Transfer 141, nr 6 (16.04.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4043172.

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In this present work, the influence of corrugated booster reflectors (CBR) in a centrally finned twist (CFT) inserted solar thermal collector (SC) on heat transfer and thermal performance characteristics has been approached experimentally. The experimental trials have been made with two different twist ratios (Y = 3 and 6) for typical twist (TT) and CFT under same working conditions. The results were compared with the plain tube SC with CBR plain and also with the plain tube SC with flat booster reflectors (FBR plain). The experimental result of the CBR plain has been verified with the standard equations and found the deviations within ±10.05% for Nusselt number and ±9.42% for friction factor. The CBR has 1.6% higher effective reflection area than the FBR. Hence, the CBR augmented the Nusselt number around 8.25% over the FBR. When compared to the CBR plain, the CFT of minimum twist ratio (Y = 3) offered 10.09% higher thermal efficiency. In addition, empirical correlations have been derived for predicting the Nusselt number and friction factor. The deviations of the predicted value from the experiment value fall within ±10.62% for Nusselt number and ±11.28% for friction factor.

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46

Gong, Ting-Feng, Jie Jiang i Ming Zhang. "Holographic thermodynamics of rotating black holes". Journal of High Energy Physics 2023, nr 6 (19.06.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep06(2023)105.

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Abstract We provide mass/energy formulas for the extended thermodynamics, mixed thermodynamics, and holographic conformal field theory (CFT) thermodynamics for the charged and rotating Kerr-Newman Anti-de Sitter black holes. Then for the CFT thermal states dual to the black hole, we find the first-order phase transitions and criticality phenomena in the canonical ensemble with fixed angular momentum, volume, and central charge. We observe that the CFT states cannot be analogous to the Van der Waals fluids, despite the critical exponents falling into the universality class predicted by the mean field theory. Additionally, we examine the (de)confinement phase transitions within the grand canonical ensemble with fixed angular velocity, volume, and central charge of the CFT. Our findings suggest that the near zero temperature (de)confinement phase transitions can occur with the angular velocity of the CFT that solely depends on the CFT volume.

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47

Choo, Kenny, Bastien Lapierre, Clemens Kuhlenkamp, Apoorv Tiwari, Titus Neupert i Ramasubramanian Chitra. "Thermal and dissipative effects on the heating transition in a driven critical system". SciPost Physics 13, nr 5 (4.11.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21468/scipostphys.13.5.104.

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We study the dissipative dynamics of a periodically driven inhomogeneous critical lattice model in one dimension. The closed system dynamics starting from pure initial states is well-described by a driven Conformal Field Theory (CFT), which predicts the existence of both heating and non-heating phases in such systems. Heating is inhomogeneous and is manifested via the emergence of black-hole like horizons in the system. The robustness of this CFT phenomenology when considering thermal initial states and open systems remains elusive. First, we present analytical results for the Floquet CFT time evolution for thermal initial states. Moreover, using exact calculations of the time evolution of the lattice density matrix, we demonstrate that for short and intermediate times, the closed system phase diagram comprising heating and non-heating phases, persists for thermal initial states on the lattice. Secondly, in the fully open system with boundary dissipators, we show that the nontrivial spatial structure of the heating phase survives particle-conserving and non-conserving dissipations through clear signatures in mutual information and energy density evolution.

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48

Caggioli, Stefania, Francesco Gentile, Domenico Seminara i Erik Tonni. "Holographic thermal entropy from geodesic bit threads". Journal of High Energy Physics 2024, nr 7 (10.07.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2024)088.

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Abstract The holographic bit threads are an insightful tool to investigate the holographic entanglement entropy and other quantities related to the bipartite entanglement in AdS/CFT. We mainly explore the geodesic bit threads in various static backgrounds, for the bipartitions characterized by either a sphere or an infinite strip. In pure AdS and for the sphere, the geodesic bit threads provide a gravitational dual of the map implementing the geometric action of the modular conjugation in the dual CFT. In Schwarzschild AdS black brane and for the sphere, our numerical analysis shows that the flux of the geodesic bit threads through the horizon gives the holographic thermal entropy of the sphere. This feature is not observed when the subsystem is an infinite strip, whenever we can construct the corresponding bit threads. The bit threads are also determined by the global structure of the gravitational background; indeed, for instance, we show that the geodesic bit threads of an arc in the BTZ black hole cannot be constructed.

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49

Erdmenger, Johanna, Matthias Kaminski i Felix Rust. "Isospin diffusion in thermal AdS/CFT correspondence with flavor". Physical Review D 76, nr 4 (2.08.2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.76.046001.

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Maloney, Alexander, Gim Seng Ng, Simon F. Ross i Ioannis Tsiares. "Thermal correlation functions of KdV charges in 2D CFT". Journal of High Energy Physics 2019, nr 2 (luty 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep02(2019)044.

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