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Godfroy-Genin, Anne-Sophie. "De la doctrine de la probabilité à la théorie des probabilités : Pascal, la "Logique de Port-Royal", Jacques Bernoulli". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040268.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the 1654-1713 period, modern probability emerged simoustaneously from the calculations on games of chances and their applications to business and law; as well as from the calculations and tables concerning large collections of data as in mortality tables; and from the philosophical and theological concept of qualitative probability, as herited from Aristotle and Aquinas and revised by the Jesuit casuists. The standard solution of the division problem discovered in 1654 by Pascal and Fermat allowed the idea of quantifying uncertainty, and after fifty years of difficulties in conceptualisation, shifted from a theological doctrine of probability to a mathematical theory of probabilities. At first an instrument to support a rational decision under uncertainty, it progressively became a tool of epistemic measurement of belief, an objective measure of uncertainty and a new logic against the progress of septicism. This enlightens modern discussions on the nature of probability
Lanciani, Albino Attilio. "Analyse phénoménologique du concept de probabilité". Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0087.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe current study is based upon the notion of probability as it was formulated in Mathematics after A. N. Kolmogorov’s axiomatisation as well as in thermodynamics as part of the kinetic theory of gases put forward by L. Boltzmann. The philosophical analysis borrows its instruments from phenomenology as it was expounded by its founder, E. Husserl, though taking into account all the subsequent contributions by J. -T. Desanti and G. -C. Rota. Probability is the point of convergence of different scientific questionings. That is a multilayered notion where the fundamental elements are interlaced in view of a rigorous and relevant epistemology of the so called ‘hard sciences’. The task of this study is more precisely that of paving the way to a phenomenological understanding of this problematic horizon. However the aforementioned understanding does not try to force this horizon into a predetermined phenomenological doctrine. On the contrary it avails itself of certain phenomenological concepts, like that of Fundierung or formal ontology, that are extremely operative in the analysis of the meaning of the notion of probability. Viewed from a different angle we can thus get to an interpretation, which could be qualified as ‘harmonic’, of the way the bodies of knowledge are intertwined
Osseiran, Ahmad-Chawki. "Contribution à la théorie des probabilités symboliques". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066650.
Pełny tekst źródłaPieczynski, Wojciech. "Sur diverses applications de la décantation des lois de probabilité dans la théorie générale de l'estimation statistique". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066064.
Pełny tekst źródłaNehme, Bilal. "Techniques non-additives d'estimation de la densité de probabilité". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576957.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Maître François. "Sur les groupes pleins préservant une mesure de probabilité". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992656.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlbenque, Marie. "Tresses, animaux, cartes : à l'interaction entre combinatoire et probabilité". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077178.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe study in this work some objects lying on the boundary between combinatorics and probability. The first part deals with the enumeration of positive braids. Our most significant contribution here is an extension of Viennot's heaps of pieces theory to a wider frame which includes in particular Garside monoids, this leads to some new enumeration results for braid monoids. The second section is devoted to the link between enumeration of directed animals and hard particle gas models. The definition of cyclic Markov chains as well as some results about their convergence towards ordinary Markov chains enable us to give a unified presentation of enumeration of animals on various lattices and hence to provide a better understanding about the reliance between enumeration results and the form of the source. The third and last part deals with the stack triangulations and quadrangulations, and more precisely with their limiting behaviors when the number of vertices grows to infinity. The main contribution here are the local and Gromov-Hausdorff convergences and the asymptotic of the degree distribution for the maps under the uniform law and the convergence as metric space under the historical distribution. These results rely on numerous combinatorial and probabilistic tools: bijection between trees and maps, convergence towards Aldous' continuum random tree, subtle probabilistic study of some trees properties, fragmentation process, random urns model
Philippe, Anne. "Contribution à la théorie des lois de référence et aux méthodes de Monte Carlo". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES005.
Pełny tekst źródłaGenitrini, Antoine. "Expressions booléennes aléatoires : probabilité, complexité et comparaison quantitative de logiques propositionnelles". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, I am interested in propositional systems from a probability/complexity point of view. I begin with two probability distributions on Boolean functions, induced by the Boolean expressions built with the Implication connective. I obtain the structure of most of the expressions representing a given function, when the number of variables tends to infinity. This gives the asymptotic equivalent of the probability of the function, depending on its complexity. Via the function True, we compare quantitatively the intuitionistic and classical logics of implication. This comparison highlights some properties of a class of expressions, that are found also in the full propositional system, and we can compare the two logics in this system. Finally we study balanced expressions in the two systems built on implication, or on the two connectors And and Or. In both cases, we exhibit the probability distribution of the functions
Hamon, Abdellatif. "Estimation d'une densité de probabilité multidimensionnelle par dualité". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES055.
Pełny tekst źródłaEt, Tabii Mohamed. "Contributions aux descriptions optimales par modèles statistiques exponentiels". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES028.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbdous, Belkacem. "Étude d'une classe d'estimateurs à noyau de la densité d'une loi de probabilité". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33251.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2018
Heinkelé, Christophe. "Synthèse modale probabiliste : Théorie et applications". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work developed in this phd-thesis is focused on the treatment of the uncertainties of the parameters of a vibro-acoustical system. After several recalls of numerical techniques to treat the impact of the randomness of these parameters on the behaviour of the system, we initiated an analytical method by using on one hand classical calculations of probability and on the other hand the modal analysis. So we began by writing the analytical expression of the probability density function of the frequency response of a harmonic oscillator by considering at first that only the natural frequency is random and governed by an uniform law, then in a second time that only viscous damping was random (of uniform law too). In a third time we considered the couple as being random. By using this last resolution allowed us to superpose n oscillators and to write the probability density funstion of a vibrating system of n degrees of freedom: we called this method the probabilistic modal analysis. We introduce an application on the Euler-Bernoulli beam treated by finite elements method. In this thesis, we introduce numerical techniques about the treatment of the randomness upon parameters (projection on the polynomial chaos), but a step towards the identification of parameters and their randomness was also tried. In this frame, first we use methods of nonparametric identification, then we display a family of methods based on the envelopes of the frequency response of the system given by the analytical resolution
Goffard, Pierre-Olivier. "Approximations polynomiales de densités de probabilité et applications en assurance". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4026/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis studies numerical methods to approximate the probability density function of random variables governed by compound distributions. These random variables are useful in actuarial science to model the risk of a portfolio of contracts. In ruin theory, the probability of ultimate ruin within the compound Poisson ruin model is the survival function of a geometric compound distribution. The proposed method consists in a projection of the probability density function onto an orthogonal polynomial system. These polynomials are orthogonal with respect to a probability measure that belongs to Natural Exponential Families with Quadratic Variance Function. The polynomiam approximation is compared to other numerical methods that recover the probability density function from the knowledge of the moments or the Laplace transform of the distribution. The polynomial method is then extended in a multidimensional setting, along with the probability density estimator derived from the approximation formula. An aggregation procedure adapted to life insurance portfolios is also described. The method aims at building a portfolio of model points in order to compute the best estimate liabilities in a timely manner and in a way that is compliant with the European directive Solvency II
Bardet, Ivan. "Émergence de dynamiques classiques en probabilité quantique". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1071/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focus on the study of several bridges that exist between classical probabilities and open quantum systems theory. In the first part of the thesis, we consider open quantum systems with classical environment. Thus the environment acts as a classical noise so that the evolution of the system results in a mixing of unitary dynamics. My work consisted in defining a relevant von Neumann algebra on the environment which, in this situation, is commutative. In the general case, we show that this algebra leads to a decomposition of the environment between a classical and a quantum part. In the second part, we forget for a time the environment in order to focus on the emergence of classical stochastic processes inside the system. This situation appears when the quantum Markov semigroup leaves an invariant commutative maximal von Neumann algebra. First, we develop a recipe in order to generate such semigroup, which emphasizes the role of a certain kind of classical dilation. We apply the recipe to prove the existence of a quantum extension for L\'evy processes. Then in the same part of the thesis we study a special kind of classical dynamics that can emerge on a bipartite quantum system, call \emph. Such walks are stochastic but displayed strong quantum behavior. We define a Dirichlet problem associated to these walks and solve it using a variational approch and non-commutative Dirichlet forms. Finally, the last part is dedicated to the study of Environment Induced Decoherence for quantum Markov semigroup on finite von Neumann algebra. We prove that such decoherence always occurs when the semigroup has a faithful invariant state. Then we focus on the fundamental problem of estimating the time of the process. To this end we define adapted non-commutative functional inequalities. The central interest of these definitions is to take into account entanglement effects, which are expected to lower the speed of decoherence
Mondragơn, Lopez Mauricio Javier. "Probabilité des événements multiples dans la mécanique quantique relativiste-générale et quelques aspects qualitatifs ("philosophiques") sur l'espace et le temps". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22017.
Pełny tekst źródłaBroniatowski, Michel. "Applications de la théoreie des valeurs extrêmes en probabilité et en statistique". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066286.
Pełny tekst źródłaDaniel, Lionel. "Définition d'une logique probabiliste tolérante à l'inconsistance : appliquée à la reconnaissance de scénarios et à la théorie du vote". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00537758.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeyre, Rémi. "Quelques problèmes d'inspiration physique en théorie des probabilités". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563472.
Pełny tekst źródłaOmri, Asma. "Modélisation et utilisation de ressources et services Web et indexation de données dans un contexte d’incertitude". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1135.
Pełny tekst źródłaIt is widely accepted that data production has been developing spectacularly for several years due to the proliferation of new technologies such as social networks, new mobile devices, smart meters, sensors and cloud computing. In fact, this data explosion should continue and even accelerate. To wonder about the way in which one should treat this mass of which becomes more and more varied, complex and less structured, is then essential. DaaS (Data As A Service) can be defined as the supply, management and delivery of data presented in an immediately consumable format business users of organizations as a service. The data returned by these services are generally characterized by uncertainty and heterogeneity. There are many approaches that process data across the Web service lifecycle, which is based on six phases: creation, selection, discovery, modeling, invocation, and composition of services, in order to solve the problem. problem of data volume, its heterogeneity or its speed of evolution. On the other hand, there are very few approaches to data quality and the treatment of uncertainty in the Web. In this thesis, we are naturally interested in the question of Web services in a context of distributed and heterogeneous systems. The main contribution to be made in this research is to study the composition of Web services and / or resources and the indexing of data in an uncertain context. First, through the contributions of the literature, the theoretical framework relative to the specificities of the concept of DaaS service uncertain, is presented by adopting the possibilistic theory. The problem of the composition of Web services and the impact of the uncertainty, which can be associated with the exit of a service, on the processes of selection and composition of the services are explained. To do this, we proposed a possibilistic approach to model the uncertainty of data returned by uncertain services. Specifically, we have extended Web service description standards (for example, WSDL) to represent the uncertainty levels of the outputs. We have also extended the service invocation process to account for the uncertainty of input data. This extension is based on the theory of possible worlds used in possibilistic databases. We also put forward a set of composition operators, sensitive to uncertainty values, in order to orchestrate uncertain data services. Second, we studied the impact of uncertainty on the representation and manipulation of Web resources. We defined the concept of an uncertain web resource and proposed resource composition mechanisms. To do this, a model describing uncertainty through the concept of uncertain web resource was presented. This one is based on a probabilistic model where each resource can have several possible representations, with a certain probability. Finally, and finally, we proposed methods of documentary indexing of data of the Big Data type. Initially, we adopted an approach of syntactic indexing of uncertain data, then we followed an uncertain method of semantic indexing. Finally, and to boost this approach, we have proposed a hybrid method of indexing in an uncertain context
Pfeiffer, Laurent. "Sensitivity analysis for optimal control problems. Stochastic optimal control with a probability constraint". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/88/11/19/PDF/thesePfeiffer.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we study constrained deterministic optimal control problems and sensitivity analysis issues, from the point of view of abstract optimization. Second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions, which play an important role in sensitivity analysis, are also investigated. In this thesis, we are interested in strong solutions. We use this generic term for locally optimal controls for the L1-norm, roughly speaking. We use two essential tools: a relaxation technique, which consists in using simultaneously several controls, and a decomposition principle, which is a particular second-order Taylor expansion of the Lagrangian. Chapters 2 and 3 deal with second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for strong solutions of problems with pure, mixed, and final-state constraints. In Chapter 4, we perform a sensitivity analysis for strong solutions of relaxed problems with final-state constraints. In Chapter 5, we perform a sensitivity analysis for a problem of nuclear energy production. In the second part of the thesis, we study stochastic optimal control problems with a probability constraint. We study an approach by dynamic programming, in which the level of probability is a supplementary state variable. In this framework, we show that the sensitivity of the value function with respect to the probability level is constant along optimal trajectories. We use this analysis to design numerical schemes for continuous-time problems. These results are presented in Chapter 6, in which we also study an application to asset-liability management
Ye, Yinna. "PROBABILITÉ DE SURVIE D'UN PROCESSUS DE BRANCHEMENT DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT ALÉATOIRE MARKOVIEN". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605751.
Pełny tekst źródłaNechita, Ion. "États aléatoires, théorie quantique de l'information et probabilités libres". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371592.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaudillière, Alexandre. "Fuga dalla metastabililità per dinamiche stocastiche conservative". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112187.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe study the escape from metastability for a gas of particles evolving under the conservative Kawasaki dynamics, at low tempure and inside a two-dimensional box with exponentially large volune in the inverse temperature. We first describe the typical trajectories followed by the system, in the local version of the model, along the first transition between metastability and stability. Then we prove a property of planar random walks which allows to extend the results obtained for the local version of the model to the original Kawaski dynamics. We give a lower bound for the non-collision probability before a long time T for a system of n random walks with fixed obstacles. By ‘collision' we mean collision with the fixed obstacles as well as collision between the particles themselves. On the basis of these results we can predict the main features of the escape from metastability for the original Kawasaki dynamics
Averous, Jean, i Michel Meste. "Famille de boules centrales d'une probabilité sur un espace de Banach. Application aux ordres et mesures de dissymétrie et de kurtosis". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30017.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeng, Yuxin. "Axiomatisations et types pour des processus probabilistes et mobiles". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00155225.
Pełny tekst źródłapour des syst`emes r´epartis modernes. Deux caract´eristiques importantes des mod`eles pour
ces syst`emes sont les probabilit´es et la mobilit´e typ´ee : des probabilit´es peuvent ˆetre utilis´ees pour
quantifier des comportements incertains ou impr´evisibles, et des types peuvent ˆetre utilis´es pour
garantir des comportements sˆurs dans des syst`emes mobiles. Dans cette th`ese nous d´eveloppons
des techniques alg´ebriques et des techniques bas´ees sur les types pour l'´etude comportementale des
processus probabilistes et mobiles.
Dans la premi`ere partie de la th`ese nous ´etudions la th´eorie alg´ebrique d'un calcul de processus
qui combine les comportements non-d´eterministe et probabiliste dans le mod`ele des automates probabilistes
propos´es par Segala et Lynch. Nous consid´erons diverses ´equivalences comportementales
fortes et faibles, et nous fournissons des axiomatisations compl`etes pour des processus `a ´etats finis,
limit´ees `a la r´ecursion gard´ee dans le cas des ´equivalences faibles.
Dans la deuxi`eme partie de la th`ese nous ´etudions la th´eorie alg´ebrique du -calcul en pr´esence
des types de capacit´es, qui sont tr`es utiles dans les calculs de processus mobiles. Les types de
capacit´es distinguent la capacit´e de lire sur un canal, la capacit´e d'´ecrire sur un canal, et la capacit´e
de lire et d'´ecrire `a la fois. Ils introduisent ´egalement une relation de sous-typage naturelle et
puissante. Nous consid´erons deux variantes de la bisimilarit´e typ´ee, dans leurs versions retard´ees
et anticip´ees. Pour les deux variantes, nous donnons des axiomatisations compl`etes pour les termes
ferm´es. Pour une des deux variantes, nous fournissons une axiomatisation compl`ete pour tous les
termes finis.
Dans la derni`ere partie de la th`ese nous d´eveloppons des techniques bas´ees sur les types pour
v´erifier la propri´et´e de terminaison de certains processus mobiles. Nous fournissons quatre syst`emes
de types pour garantir cette propri´et´e. Les syst`emes de types sont obtenus par des am´eliorations
successives des types du -calcul simplement typ´e. Les preuves de terminaison utilisent des techniques
employ´ees dans les syst`emes de r´e´ecriture. Ces syst`emes de types peuvent ˆetre utilis´es pour
raisonner sur le comportement de terminaison de quelques exemples non triviaux : les codages des
fonctions r´ecursives primitives, le protocole pour coder le choix s´epar´e en terme de composition
parall`ele, une table de symboles implement´ee comme une chaˆıne dynamique de cellules.
Ces r´esultats ´etablissent des bases pour une future ´etude de mod`eles plus avanc´es qui peuvent
combiner des probabilit´es avec des types. Ils soulignent ´egalement la robustesse des techniques
alg´ebriques et de celles bas´ees sur les types pour le raisonnement comportemental.
Cléry, Matthias. "La théorie des probabilités et l'Institut Henri Poincaré (1918-1939) : construction d'un champ probabiliste parisien et pratique d'un transfert culturel". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASK003.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mathematics of randomness experienced tremendous changes throughout the interwar period (1918-1939), especially in Paris where the Institut Henri Poincaré (IHP) opened in 1928 and soon became an international scene for probability. Using a cross-approach, we analyse the social processes at work within the Faculty of Science of Paris and the Academy of Science playing a part in the strengthening of probability as a mathematical discipline and supporting research in this field. We highlight the strategies used by a small group of mathematicians in order to build an institutionnal framework for the probabilistic developement both locally and internationally. We particularly analyse the practice of cultural transfer fueling the probabilistic research in Paris
Dubois, Frédéric. "Théorie des probabilités et risque : penser l'optimisme épistémologique après la catastrophe". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26257.
Pełny tekst źródłaAccording to Ulrich Beck, modern societies are “risk societies”. On one hand, modernity has been the cradle of scientific development and, in the wake, the triumph of Reason. On another hand, its scientific successes gave rise to new technologies with such potential risks that some thinkers come to fear the worst for our modern societies. Yet, scientific-experts may hope to prevent and, therefore, rejoice the power to act against the eventuality of such disasters. Indeed, since the refinement of probabilistic theories, science now possesses a powerful tool to foresight the risks it produces. “Knowledge is power”, as Francis Bacon’s credo suggests. Hence, to calculate risks should be sufficient to seize the threats mankind is facing and, thereby, act upon it. But, what if, despite the more precise calculus possible, the worst was still to happen? As Chernobyl and, more recently, Fukushima reminded us, hazard might still have his way over the human ingenuity. Nuclear energy might be a simple example among an increasing number of emerging risk technologies. Still, the gravity of the consequences of its recent failures might whereas be the display of a deeper modern threat. We think we can learn from our experiences and, in such a way, as Leibniz would have said, a catastrophe becomes a prerequisite evil for a greater Good. Can we really learn from our experiences in a way we can, without a doubt, avoid a further catastrophe? Is there not in the epistemological optimism internal logic a greater threat that is obscured by our conception of risk as a mathematical concept? We then have to question not only the internal logic of an optimistic epistemology, but as well the modern constructed concept of risk as it presents itself as the core of modern developments.
Giraudo, Davide. "Théorèmes limites de la théorie des probabilités dans les systèmes dynamiques". Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES056.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to limit theorems for strictly stationary sequences and random fields. We concentrate essentially on the central limit theorem and its invariance principle. First, we show with the help of a counter-example that for a strictly stationary absolutely regular sequence, the central limit theorem may hold but not the invariance principle. We also show that the central limit theorem does not take place for partial sums of a Hilbert space valued, strictly stationary and absolutely regular sequence, even if we assume that the normalized partial sums form a uniformly integrable family. Second, we investigate the Holderian invariance principle. We treat the case of tau-dependent (Dedecker, Prieur, 2005) and rho-mixing strictly stationary sequences. We provide a sufficient condition on the law of a strictly stationary martingale difference sequence and the quadratic variance which guarantee the invariance principle in a Hölder space. We construct a counter-example which shows its sharpness. We derive conditions in the spirit of Hannan (1979), and Maxwell and Woodroofe (2000) by a martingale approximation. We then discuss the martingale/coboundary decomposition. In dimension one, we provide sharp integrability conditions on the transfer function and the coboundary for which the later does not spoil the invariance principle, the law of the iterated logarithm or the strong law of large numbers if these theorems take place for the martingale involved in the decomposition. We also provide a sufficient condition for an orthomartingale/coboundary decomposition for strictly stationary random fields. Lastly, we establish tails inequalities for orthomartingale and Bernoulli random fields. We prove an invariance principle in Hölder spaces for these random fields using such inequalities
El, Maftouhi Abdelhakim. "Méthodes probabilistes en combinatoire et théorie des graphes". Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112408.
Pełny tekst źródłaFabiani, Patrick. "Représentation dynamique de l'incertain et stratégie de perception pour un système autonome en environnement évolutif". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0028.
Pełny tekst źródłaMerabet, Hayet. "Mélanges de probabilités de Dirichlet : neutralité dans les espaces probabilistes aléatoires". Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES025.
Pełny tekst źródłaEngoulatov, Alexandre. "La géométrie et la théorie conforme des champs". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112343.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with a Riemannian geometric question which is motivated by the problem of compactifying the moduli space of Conformal Field Theories (CFT). M. Kontsevich associates to a degenerating sequence of CFT's a limiting object which contains a Riemannian manifold M with nonnegative Ricci curvature, and its graph field theory. This amounts to a family of operators on tensor powers of the Hilbert space L^2(M), indexed by metric graphs. For instance, the operator attached to the graph with two vertices and one edge of length t is the heat semigroup P_t. The main result in the thesis is an a priori estimate of the norm of the gradient of the logarithm of the heat kernel on a compact Riemannian manifold, for short times, depending on the lower bound on Ricci curvature and on diameter only. The proof, which uses stochastic calculus, extends to certain semigroups satisfying curvature-dimension inequalities, in the sense of D. Bakry and M. Emery. Using J. Cheeger and T. H. Colding's structure results on limit spaces of such Riemannian manifolds, it is shown that the a priori estimate extends to these singular limit spaces. A compactness theorem for graph field theories associated with compact Riemannian manifolds satisfying a uniform lower bound on Ricci curvature follows
Kamli, Mohammed el. "Quelques aspects de l'analyse probabiliste". Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0233.
Pełny tekst źródłaRomdhane, Rim. "Reconnaissance d'activités et connaissances incertaines dans les scènes vidéos appliquées à la surveillance de personnes âgées". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967943.
Pełny tekst źródłaOuld, Mohamed Mohamed Salem. "Contribution à la séparation aveugle de sources par utilisation des divergences entre densités de probabilité: application à l'analyse vibratoire". Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS010.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we propose a new blind source separation algorithm based on the optimization of mutual information under constraints. The optimization problem is solved by using the dual problem. The estimator of stochastic gradient is based on the estimation of the densities by maximum likelihood method. The densities are chosen from exponential families using the AIC criterion. Then, we propose a new al- gorithm for blind source separation based on the minimization of divergences witch generalizes the Mutual Information (MI) approach. We show that the algorithm using Hellinger's divergence has better properties in terms of effciency-robustness, for noisy data. In the context of cyclostationary signals, the above methods of sepa- ration were adapted using second order statistics. We illustrate the performances of the proposed algorithms through simulations and on real rotating machine vibration signals
Grigorova, Miryana. "QUELQUES LIENS ENTRE LA THÉORIE DE L'INTÉGRATION NON-ADDITIVE ET LES DOMAINES DE LA FINANCE ET DE L'ASSURANCE". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878599.
Pełny tekst źródłaFricker, Christine. "File d'attente à serveur autonome et insensibilité en théorie des files d'attente". Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F130.
Pełny tekst źródłaSong, Yonghong. "Determination et evaluation de strategies performantes au jeu du blackjack". Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S005.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuheille, Frédérique. "Etude probabiliste des morphismes harmoniques à valeurs dans un espace euclidien". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10026.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrouillette, Marc-Antoine. "Le processus d'évaluation des probabilités subjectives". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26402.
Pełny tekst źródłaKondah, Abdelaziz. "Les Endomorphismes dilatants de l'intervalle et leurs perturbations aléatoires". Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS036.
Pełny tekst źródłaKachigar, Ghazal. "Questions de localisabilité pour le calcul distribué". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0339/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is divided in two parts. Its starting point is the concept of resistance to localisation, an important concept in distributed quantum computing.In the first, theoretical part of this thesis, we go over the history of certain concepts and results in quantum information theory and distributed computing, such as the phenomenon of entanglement and the non-signalling condition in the first domain, and the LOCAL model and the colouring problem in the second domain. We then focus on the φ-LOCAL model, whose goal is to study the possibility of quantum distributed algorithms, and which was developedin 2009 by adapting the non-signalling condition to the LOCAL model. We introduce the concepts of global and local consistency in order to emphasise some shortcomings of this model. Finally, we present a more adequate version ofthe φ-LOCAL model.The second part of this thesis contains our major technical results in probability theory. We define the concept of k-localisability which is a probabilistic translation of the φ-LOCAL model. We show that this concept is close to but weaker than the concept of k-dependence which is well-studied in the probabilistic literature. We mention recent results concerning 1-dependent colouring of the path graph and the conclusion they allow us to reach with regards to 1-localisable colouring of the path graph : that it is possible with four or more colours. The rest of this part is dedicated to answering the question of the possibility of 1-localisable colouring of the path graph using three colours which we will show to be impossible. In answering this question we have made use of methods in linear programming and combinatorics. In particular, we prove a theorem on the explicit solution of a linear programming problem having a certain form, and a formula for the Catalan numbers
Saidi, Youssef. "Etude probabiliste et statistique de modèles conditionnellement hétéroscédastiques non linéaires". Lille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL30020.
Pełny tekst źródłaSimatos, Florian. "Étude de modèles probabilistes de réseaux pair-à-pair et de réseaux avec mobilité". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005681.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Ouafdi Abdelhalim. "Analyse probabiliste des règles de vote : méthodes et résultats". Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0037.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur main purpose in this thesis is to contribute to extending the probabilistic analysis of voting rules to the consideration of four candidate elections, on the onehand, and to the study of the majority efficiency of Evaluative Voting with 3 levelsand its manipulability by coalitions of voters, on the other hand. These two issues lead to a unique technical problem, consisting in computing the limiting probability of an electoral event when 24 possible individual preferences have to be considered. The answers we have tried to bring to this methodological question constitute, together with the numerous results describing the theoretical likelihood of various electoral outcomes, the main contributions of our study to probabilistic analysis invoting theory
Piera, Martinez Miguel. "Modélisation des comportements extrêmes en ingénierie". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112147.
Pełny tekst źródłaUncertainty in a system may appear in a system due to external perturbations or a large dispersion of the design parameters. A deterministic approach assuming a perfect knowledge of the environment becomes thus doubtful. The need of reliable systems leads us to elaborate statistical models that are able to deal with this randomness. In this context extreme value modeling plays an important role because these values may correspond to abnormal or dangerous operating conditions. Our task is to model and analyze the apparition of these extreme events. A purely empirical analysis of extreme values requires many simulations of the system, which are often very expensive. It is thus desirable to analyze extreme events with as few system evaluations as possible. In particular a study about the way of estimating probability tails, failure probabilities and the worst operating case of a system has been performed
Gatta, Alessandro. "Diagrammes d'influence : Méthodologie et logiciel pour la résolution de graphes de décision". Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066720.
Pełny tekst źródłaMammone, Rinaldi Angelo. "Équations philosophiques : la construction de la science mathématique de la politique par Condorcet dans l'«Essai sur la probabilité des décisions ». Un essai de philologie mathématique". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Condorcet's Essai sur la probabilité des décisions is a paradox for a mere mathematical history of mathematics : mathematicians judged this text 1. Very important (18th-early 19th century), 2. An error and a source of error (19th-half 20th century), 3. And today again very important. As a mathematical history focusing only on mathematics is insufficient, a history of mathematics must deal both with the calculations and their (philosophical, political, religious) senses. In the first part I show the history of this paradox, analysing the oppositions between the groups of mathematicians, the fight to sacralize some researches as 'science', and the fights to preserve or to change memories. In the second part I try to follow the sound and meaning of the words Condorcet uses, through the texts coeval and previous to his calculations. I show then the intimate relations between the mathematical quest of solutions to problems and the philosophical research that goes before and along it
Gao, Yingzhong. "Modèles probabilistes et possibilistes pour la prise en compte de l'incertain dans la sécurité des structures". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569129.
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