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1
Donato, Fiorenza. "Cosmic ray astroparticle physics: current status and future perspectives." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S331 (2017): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317005233.
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AbstractThe data we are receiving from galactic cosmic rays are reaching an unprecedented precision, over very wide energy ranges. Nevertheless, many problems are still open, while new ones seem to appear when data happen to be redundant. We will discuss some paths to possible progress in the theoretical modeling and experimental exploration of the galactic cosmic radiation.
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Mukhanov, Viatcheslav, and Licia Verde. "JCAP 20th anniversary retrospective: editorial." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 06 (2023): 041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/06/041.
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Abstract This year the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP) celebrates its 20th anniversary. “A journal by scientists for scientists” is the motto that has driven JCAP since its inception, which epitomises its philosophy of being an innovative and community-driven journal. Over the past two decades, JCAP has become one of the premier outlets for high-quality research, now publishing circa 800 papers per year, almost all of which are Open Access (either green or gold route), and with submissions originating from more than 60 countries around the world. JCAP encompasses theoretical, observational, and experimental areas as well as computation and simulation, and this special issue represents a testament to the role of the journal and its impact within the fields of cosmology and astroparticle physics. Over the years, JCAP has published influential papers on topics ranging from the early universe and dark matter to large-scale structure, gravitational waves and high-energy astrophysics, all of which are presented in this celebratory collection of the journal’s 20th year of publication.
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Antonelli, Vito, Lino Miramonti, and Marco Danilo Claudio Torri. "Phenomenological Effects of CPT and Lorentz Invariance Violation in Particle and Astroparticle Physics." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (2020): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111821.
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It is well known that a fundamental theorem of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) set in flat spacetime ensures the CPT invariance of the theory. This symmetry is strictly connected to the Lorentz covariance, and consequently to the fundamental structure of spacetime. Therefore it may be interesting to investigate the possibility of departure from this fundamental symmetry, since it can furnish a window to observe possible effects of a more fundamental quantum gravity theory in a “lower energy limit”. Moreover, in the past, the inquiry of symmetry violations provided a starting point for new physics discoveries. A useful physical framework for this kind of search is provided by astroparticle physics, thanks to the high energy involved and to the long path travelled by particles accelerated by an astrophysical object and then revealed on Earth. Astrophysical messengers are therefore very important probes for investigating this sector, involving high energy photons, charged particles, and neutrinos of cosmic origin. In addition, one can also study artificial neutrino beams, investigated at accelerator experiments. Here we discuss the state of art for all these topics and some interesting new proposals, both from a theoretical and phenomenological point of view.
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Robens, Tania. "The THDMa Revisited." Symmetry 13, no. 12 (2021): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13122341.
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The THDMa is a new physics model that extends the scalar sector of the Standard Model by an additional doublet as well as a pseudoscalar singlet and allows for mixing between all possible scalar states. In the gauge-eigenbasis, the additional pseudoscalar serves as a portal to the dark sector, with a priori any dark matter spins states. The option where dark matter is fermionic is currently one of the standard benchmarks for the experimental collaborations, and several searches at the LHC constrain the corresponding parameter space. However, most current studies constrain regions in parameter space by setting all but 2 of the 12 free parameters to fixed values. In this work, we performed a generic scan on this model, allowing all parameters to float. We applied all current theoretical and experimental constraints, including bounds from current searches, recent results from B-physics, in particular Bs→Xsγ, as well as bounds from astroparticle physics. We identify regions in the parameter space which are still allowed after these were applied and which might be interesting for an investigation of current and future collider machines.
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Zen Vasconcellos, César, Helio T. Coelho, and Peter Otto Hess. "Walter Greiner: In Memoriam." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 45 (January 2017): 1760001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194517600011.
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Walter Greiner (29 October 1935 - 6 October 2016) was a German theoretical physicist. His scientific research interests include the thematic areas of atomic physics, heavy ion physics, nuclear physics, elementary particle physics (particularly quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics). He is most known in Germany for his series of books in theoretical physics, but he is also well known around the world. Greiner was born on October 29, 1935, in Neuenbau, Sonnenberg, Germany. He studied physics at the University of Frankfurt (Goethe University in Frankfurt Am Main), receiving in this institution a BSci in physics and a Master’s degree in 1960 with a thesis on plasma-reactors, and a PhD in 1961 at the University of Freiburg under Hans Marshal, with a thesis on the nuclear polarization in [Formula: see text]-mesic atoms. During the period of 1962 to 1964 he was assistant professor at the University of Maryland, followed by a position as research associate at the University of Freiburg, in 1964. Starting in 1965, he became a full professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at Goethe University until 2003. Greiner has been a visiting professor to many universities and laboratories, including Florida State University, the University of Virginia, the University of California, the University of Melbourne, Vanderbilt University, Yale University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory. In 2003, with Wolf Singer, he was the founding Director of the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), and gave lectures and seminars in elementary particle physics. He died on October 6, 2016 at the age of 80. Walter Greiner was an excellent teacher, researcher, friend. And he was a great supporter of the series of events known by the acronyms IWARA - International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics, STARS - Caribbean Symposium on Cosmology, Gravitation, Nuclear and Astroparticle Physics, and SMFNS - International Symposium on Strong Electromagnetic Fields and Neutron Stars. Walter Greiner left us. But his memory will remain always alive among us who have had the privilege of knowing him and enjoy his wisdom and joy of living.
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Mavromatos, Nick E. "Small-Scale Cosmology “Crisis” and Self-Interacting Right-Handed Neutrino Warm Dark Matter." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818201001.
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In the lecture, I first review the basic problems of the ΔCDM model at small (galactic) scales, also known as “small-scale Cosmology crisis”, namely discrepancies between theoretical simulations and observations. I then argue how systems of righthanded neutrinos (RHN) with masses of order 50 keV in the galaxies can tackle these problems, provided appropriately strong RHN self-interactions are included. Such models may constitute interesting minimal extensions of the Standard Model. Combining galactic phenomenology with other astroparticle physics considerations of such models, one arrives at a narrow range 47 keVc-2 ≤ m ≤ 50 keVc-2 for the allowed mass m of RHN, thereby pointing towards the rôle of such particles as interesteding warm dark matter components.
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Koler, Cheryl Akner, and Lars Bergström. "Complex Curvatures in Form Theory and String Theory." Leonardo 38, no. 3 (2005): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094054028985.
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The authors use new aesthetic criteria concerning structures and properties to explain parallel concepts within theoretical astroparticle physics and contemporary form/compositional research. These aesthetic criteria stem from complex curvature models developed both in string theory and in artistic perceptual research on transitional surfaces and concavities. The authors compare the complex curvatures of the mathematically derived Calabi-Yau manifold with one of Akner Koler's sculptures, which explores an organic interpretation of the looping curvature of a Möbius strip. A goal of the collaboration is to gain experience and insight into the twisting paradoxical forces in the 3D world and to explore the properties of transparency as applied to the Calabi-Yau manifold and a point cloud translation of Akner Koler's sculpture.
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Antonelli, V., L. Miramonti, C. Peña Garay, and A. Serenelli. "Solar Neutrinos." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/351926.
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The study of solar neutrinos has given a fundamental contribution both to astroparticle and to elementary particle physics, offering an ideal test of solar models and offering at the same time relevant indications on the fundamental interactions among particles. After reviewing the striking results of the last two decades, which were determinant to solve the long standing solar neutrino puzzle and refine the Standard Solar Model, we focus our attention on the more recent results in this field and on the experiments presently running or planned for the near future. The main focus at the moment is to improve the knowledge of the mass and mixing pattern and especially to study in detail the lowest energy part of the spectrum, which represents most of the solar neutrino spectrum but is still a partially unexplored realm. We discuss this research project and the way in which present and future experiments could contribute to make the theoretical framework more complete and stable, understanding the origin of some “anomalies” that seem to emerge from the data and contributing to answer some present questions, like the exact mechanism of the vacuum to matter transition and the solution of the so-called solar metallicity problem.
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Caracciolo, Vincenzo, Pierluigi Belli, Rita Bernabei, et al. "Investigation on Rare Nuclear Processes in Hf Nuclides." Radiation 2, no. 2 (2022): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/radiation2020017.
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In this work, a review of recent studies concerning rare nuclear processes in Hf isotopes is presented. In particular, the investigations using HP-Ge spectrometry and Hf-based crystal scintillators are focused; the potentiality and the results of the “source = detector” approach are underlined. In addition, a short introduction concerning the impact of such kind of research in the context of astroparticle and nuclear physics is pointed out. In particular, the study of α decay and double beta decay of 174Hf, 176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf isotopes either to the ground state or to the lower bounded levels have been discussed. The observation of α decay of 174Hf isotope to the ground state with a T1/2=7.0(1.2)×1016 y is reported and discussed. No decay was detected for α decay of 174Hf isotope at the first excited level of daughter and of 176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf isotopes either to the ground state or to the lower bounded levels. The T1/2 lower limits for these decays are at the level of 1016–1020 y. Nevertheless, the T1/2 lower limits for the transitions of 176Hf→172Yb (0+→0+) and 177Hf→173Yb (7/2−→5/2−) are near to the theoretical predictions, giving hope to their observation in the near future. All the other experimental limits (∼1016–1020 y) are absolutely far from the theoretical expectations. The experiments investigating the 2ϵ and ϵβ+ processes in 174Hf are also reported; the obtained half-life limits are set at the level of 1016–1018 y. Moreover, we estimate the T1/2 of 2ν2ϵ of 174Hf decay at the level of (0.3–6) × 1021 y (at now the related measured lower limit is 7.1×1016 y).
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Sushchov, O., P. Homola, N. Dhital, et al. "Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory: a global cosmic ray detection framework." Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics 7, no. 1-2 (2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-1481.7.23-29.
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The main objective of the Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is the detection and analysis of extended cosmic ray phenomena, so-called super-preshowers (SPS), using existing as well as new infrastructure (cosmic-ray observatories, educational detectors, single detectors etc.). The search for ensembles of cosmic ray events initiated by SPS is yet an untouched ground, in contrast to the current state-of-the-art analysis, which is focused on the detection of single cosmic ray events. Theoretical explanation of SPS could be given either within classical (e.g., photon-photon interaction) or exotic (e.g., Super Heavy Dark Matter decay or annihilation) scenarios, thus detection of SPS would provide a better understanding of particle physics, high energy astrophysics and cosmology. The ensembles of cosmic rays can be classified based on the spatial and temporal extent of particles constituting the ensemble. Some classes of SPS are predicted to have huge spatial distribution, a unique signature detectable only with a facility of the global size. Since development and commissioning of a completely new facility with such requirements is economically unwarranted and time-consuming, the global analysis goals are achievable when all types of existing detectors are merged into a worldwide network. The idea to use the instruments in operation is based on a novel trigger algorithm: in parallel to looking for neighbour surface detectors receiving the signal simultaneously, one should also look for spatially isolated stations clustered in a small time window. On the other hand, CREDO strategy is also aimed at an active engagement of a large number of participants, who will contribute to the project by using common electronic devices (e.g., smartphones), capable of detecting cosmic rays. It will help not only in expanding the geographical spread of CREDO, but also in managing a large manpower necessary for a more efficient crowd-sourced pattern recognition scheme to identify and classify SPS. A worldwide network of cosmic-ray detectors could not only become a unique tool to study fundamental physics, it will also provide a number of other opportunities, including space-weather or geophysics studies. Among the latter one has to list the potential to predict earthquakes by monitoring the rate of low energy cosmic-ray events. The diversity of goals motivates us to advertise this concept across the astroparticle physics community.
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"Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences." National Science Review 4, no. 6 (2017): 934–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx141.
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Abstract The Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), is China's biggest laboratory for basic sciences. IHEP aims to understand the universe at the most fundamental level—from the smallest subatomic particles to the large-scale structure of the cosmos. As well as theoretical and experimental research into particle and astroparticle physics, IHEP has a broad range of research in related fields from accelerator technologies to nuclear analysis techniques. The Institute also provides beam facilities for researchers in other fields of sciences.
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"12th Cosmic Ray International Seminar “The endless multiple voices fugue of the Universe”." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2429, no. 1 (2023): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2429/1/011001.
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Napoli, Italy, September 12 - 16, 2022 The 12th Cosmic Ray International Seminar (CRIS 2022) was held in Napoli, Italy, from September 12th to 16th, 2022. The meeting was focused on fundamental topics in astroparticle physics. CRIS 2022, following the experience of previous editions, aimed to present overviews of existing data and reports from the present and future experiments. Talks covered both theoretical/phenomenological and experimental/observational aspects, in order to give an exhaustive overview of this complex field. The discussion about the present status and future plans was achieved involving theorists and experimentalists. The progress in astroparticle physics achieved through space and ground-based detectors played a major role in the scientific program of CRIS 2022. As in the past, the CRIS 2022 Conference was addressed to scientists in the field as well as to PhD and graduate students. We encouraged lively and informal discussions among participants. We take advantage of this preface to thank all the participants for their high quality contributions and for the fruitful discussions that came up during the conference. List of The CRIS 2022 Local Organizing Committee (LOC), The CRIS 2022 Scientific Organizing Committee (IAC) are available in this pdf.
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"Preface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (2021): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/011001.
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The 17th edition of the International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2021) was held from August 26 through September 3, 2021. For the first time in the TAUP series, started in 1989, the conference was organized as a fully online event due to the COVID-19 pandemic and hosted by IFIC Valencia, in collaboration with other Spanish institutions. IFIC (Instituto de Física Corpuscular) is a joint research institute belonging to two institutions: the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the University of Valencia. The biennial TAUP series covers recent experimental and theoretical developments in astroparticle physics. The topics discussed at the conference included Cosmology, Dark Matter, Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Gravitational Waves, Outreach and Education, Underground Laboratories, High-Energy Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays and Multi-messenger Astronomy, as well as the intersection of these fields. The scientific program of this fully online TAUP event consisted of invited plenary talks, contributed talks and posters, as follows - Plenary sessions: invited talks and other live activities in the morning/afternoon/evening in American/European/Asian time. - Parallel sessions: asynchronous talks selected by the session conveners, pre-recorded and available for all registered participants before the conference started. Further discussion with the speakers was possible at live topical panels. A few of these talks were selected for live Hot Topic sessions. - A virtual poster session held on an interactive platform. List of Scientific Committees, TAUP 2021 International Advisory Committee, TAUP Conferences Steering Committee, TAUP 2021 Parallel Sessions and Conveners, TAUP 2021 Program at a glance, Plenary sessions, Parallel sessions: Hot Topics, Parallel sessions: Discussion panels, List of posters are available in the pdf.
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Ianni, Aldo. "Science in Underground Laboratories and DULIA-Bio." Frontiers in Physics 9 (February 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.612417.
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This paper reports a brief introduction to Deep Underground Laboratories (DULs) and the connection they have with research on biology in extreme environments and the effect of radiation in life. Presently, there are 14 DULs in operation worldwide. Although the main research activity in these infrastructures concerns the search for rare events in astroparticle physics and neutrino physics, DULs offer a unique opportunity to undertake experiments in astrobiology and biology in extreme environments. This is the main motivation of Deep Underground Laboratory Integrated Activity in biology (DULIA-bio) 2019 Workshop, which was held at the Gran Sasso (Italy) underground laboratory. This paper aims to give an introduction to the subject of the Workshop by reviewing the main features of DULs.
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Bozorgnia, Nassim, Joseph Bramante, James M. Cline, et al. "Dark Matter Candidates and Searches." Canadian Journal of Physics, September 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2024-0128.
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Astrophysical observations suggest that most of the matter in the cosmos consists of a new form that has not been observed on Earth. The nature and origin of this mysterious dark matter are among the most pressing questions in fundamental science. In this review we summarize the current state of dark matter research from two perspectives. First, we provide an overview of the leading theoretical proposals for dark matter. And second, we describe how these proposals have driven a broad and diverse global search program for dark matter involving direct laboratory searches and astrophysical observations. This review is based on a Green Paper on dark matter prepared as part of the 2020 Astroparticle Community Planning initiative undertaken by the Canadian Subatomic Physics community but has been significantly updated to reflect recent advances.
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Klasen, Michael, and Hannu Paukkunen. "Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions After the First Decade of LHC Data." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, April 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102122-022747.
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We present a review of the conceptual basis, current knowledge, and recent progress regarding global analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). After introducing the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches for the extraction of nuclear PDFs from experimental data, we discuss how different measurements in fixed-target and collider experiments provide increasingly precise constraints on various aspects of nuclear PDFs, including shadowing, antishadowing, the EMC effect, Fermi motion, flavor separation, deuteron binding, and target-mass and other higher-twist effects. Particular emphasis is given to measurements carried out in proton–lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, which have revolutionized the global analysis during the past decade. These measurements include electroweak boson, jet, light hadron, and heavy flavor observables. Finally, we outline the expected impact of the future Electron Ion Collider and discuss the role and interplay of nuclear PDFs with other branches of nuclear, particle, and astroparticle physics.
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"Preface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2105, no. 1 (2021): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2105/1/011001.
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HEP 2021 - 38th Conference on Recent Developments in High Energy Physics and Cosmology was successfully held online between the 16th to the 19th of June 2021, in Thessaloniki, Greece. The conference was jointly organized and sponsored by the Hellenic Society for the Study of High Energy Physics, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the Research Committee of the Aristotle University. In the context of the conference scholars and experts in the fields of Astroparticle and High Energy Physics, involved both in experimental and theoretical research, were invited from various universities and institutions. The conference focused on the most recent advancements in topics such as ‘Highlights from the LHC experimental results’, ‘Astroparticle Physics’, ‘Cosmology’, ‘String Theory’, ‘Dark Matter’ and others. The main goal was to present the related research work of the Greek scientific community, to promote the cooperation of experts and scholars in the field, to share the research achievements both on a national and international level. All accepted speakers were eligible to contribute to the Conference Proceedings on a voluntary basis. This collection of Proceedings compiles oral and paper presentations submitted by the authors and scrutinized by the Editorial Committee. Because of restrictions on travel and indoor activities related to COVID-19, we were forced to hold the conference online only. Attendees were notified well in advance that the on-site conference was changed to an online conference, where the timeline and order of the talks were defined. The online conference was held on the video conferencing software Zoom Meeting. The video-conference was held on the original set dates. Due to the large variety of topics and the relatively large number of attendees, the conference was separated into main and parallel sessions (Webinar Room and Parallel Session Rooms respectively). The complete conference program, the slides of the presentations and the recordings of all oral presentations are available online. The opening ceremony was held in the main Webinar Room, where the president of the Hellenic Society for the Study of High Energy Physics, Professor Katerina Zachariadou delivered the welcoming speech. Each plenary speaker gave an oral presentation of 35 minutes accompanied by her/his slides’ material, along with 5 minutes extra time, allocated for questions and discussion. A dedicated convener chaired each plenary session. The organizing and editorial committees of the HEP2021 hope you will enjoy the reading of this volume of the JPCS. Additionally, we want to thank all authors and participants for providing their valuable contributions for these proceedings, as well as the reviewers for their constructive recommendations and feedback aiding to improve the presented articles. List of Organizing and Program Committee, Editorial Board and Invited Speakers are available in this pdf.
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"Preface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2502, no. 1 (2023): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2502/1/011001.
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Abstract The tenth international symposium on “Large TPCs for low-energy rare event detection” was held in Paris from 15th to 17th of December 2021 at the Institute of Astroparticle physics of the University of Paris. The 2020 issue of this conference series was cancelled due to the Covid pandemic. The symposium was organized in a hybrid mode, which allowed about 40 people to attend in-person among a total of 131 registered participants. Very strict sanitary measures were taken to keep the meeting safe. As in previous events the program included neutrino physics, dark matter and axion searches, related detector R&D and theoretical aspects. To celebrate the tenth edition of the symposium the conference was held on three full days. Special speakers were invited to give a historical overview related to our field. David Nygren shared his memories of the invention and development of the Time Projection Chamber. François Vannucci revealed to us the invisible world of neutrinos. Ioannis Giomataris pointed out various innovative ideas that emerged during presentations and discussions in the last two decades. Jean Iliopoulos retraced the concept and development of the Standard Model and shared his personal vision on the future of particle physics. We wish to thank the many people who contributed to the success of the conference and especially the conveners of the sessions, who allowed for a smooth running of the meeting. We particularly acknowledge the APC management for providing the nice Buffon auditorium and infrastructure. We also thank DSM-Irfu, the University of Zaragoza, the European Research Council and ACAV Ile de France for their valuable support. The organizers List of Organizing Committee is available in this Pdf.
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"Preface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2375, no. 1 (2022): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2375/1/011001.
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HEP 2022 - 39th Conference on Recent Developments in High Energy Physics and Cosmology was successfully held online between the 15th to the 18th of June 2022, in Thessaloniki, Greece. The conference was jointly organized and sponsored by the Hellenic Society for the Study of High Energy Physics, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the Research Committee of the Aristotle University. The conference invited scholars and experts in the fields of High Energy Physics, involved both in experimental and theoretical research, from various universities and institutions. The conference focuses on the more recent advancements in topics such as ‘LHC experimental results’, ‘Astroparticle Physics’, ‘Cosmology’, ‘String Theory’, ‘Dark Matter’ and others. The main goal of the conference is to present the related research work of the Greek scientific community, to promote the cooperation of experts and scholars in the field, to share the research achievements both on a national and international level. All accepted speakers were eligible to contribute to the Conference Proceedings on a voluntary basis. This collection of Proceedings compiles oral and paper presentations submitted by the authors and scrutinized by the Editorial Committee. The HEP2022 Conference venue took place at Aristotle University’s Research Dissemination Center (KEDEA Building), at Aristotle University’s campus between the Student Club and the University Gymnasium. The opening ceremony was held in the Amphitheatre I of KEDEA Building and a welcome speech was delivered by the chair of the Conference, Professor Kostas Kordas. Each author delivered and oral talk of 35 minutes accompanied with the slides material, along with 5 minutes extra time, allocated for questions and discussion. A dedicated convener chaired each plenary session. The organizing and editorial committee of the HEP2022 hopes you enjoy the reading of this volume of the JPCS. Additionally, we want to thank all authors and participants for providing their valuable contributions for this proceeding as well as the reviewers for their constructive recommendations and feedback aiding to improve the presented articles. List of Organizing Committee is available in this Pdf.
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Coakley, Kevin J. "Ratio-Based Pulse Shape Discrimination: Analytic Results for Gaussian and Poisson Noise Models." Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 126 (November 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.126.032.
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In experiments in a range of felds including fast neutron spectroscopy and astroparticle physics, one can discriminate events of interest from background events based on the shapes of electronic pulses produced by energy deposits in a detector. Here, I focus on a well-known pulse shape discrimination method based on the ratio of the temporal integral of the pulse over an early interval Xp and the temporal integral over the entire pulse Xt . For both event classes, for both a Gaussian noise model and a Poisson noise model, I present analytic expressions for the conditional distribution of Xp given knowledge of the observed value of Xt and a scaled energy deposit corresponding to the product of the full energy deposit and a relative yield factor. I assume that the energy-dependent theoretical prompt fraction for both classes are known exactly. With a Bayesian approach that accounts for imperfect knowledge of the scaled energy deposit, I determine the posterior mean background acceptance probability given the target signal acceptance probability as a function of the observed value of Xt . My method enables one to determine receiver-operating-characteristic curves by numerical integration rather than by Monte Carlo simulation for these two noise models.
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Zhu, Bin, and Murat Abdughani. "Thermal relic of self-interacting dark matter with retarded decay of mediator." Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, no. 12 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2021)059.
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Abstract The existence of a light mediator is beneficial to some phenomena in astroparticle physics, such as the core-cusp problem and diversity problem. It can decouple from Standard Model to avoid direct detection constraints, generally realized by retard decay of the mediator. Their out-of-equilibrium decay process changes the dark matter (DM) freeze-out via temperature discrepancy. This type of hidden sector (HS) typically requires a precision calculation of the freeze-out process considering HS temperature evolution and the thermal average of the cross-section. If the mediator is light sufficiently, we can not ignore the s-wave radiative bound state formation process from the perspective of CMB ionization and Sommerfeld enhancement. We put large mass splitting between DM and mediator, different temperature evolution on the same theoretical footing, discussing the implication for DM relic density in this HS. We study this model and illustrate its property by considering the general Higgs-portal dark matter scenario, which includes all the relevant constraints and signals. It shows that the combination of BBN and CMB constraint favors the not-too-hot HS, rinf< 102, for the positive cubic interaction of mediator scenario. On the other hand, the negative cubic interaction is ruled out except for our proposed blind spot scenario.
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Horn, Markus, and Erin Lorraine Woodward. "Sanford Underground Research Facility’s approach to school education, community activities, and public outreach." Frontiers in Physics 11 (December 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2023.1310451.
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The Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) is the deepest underground science facility in the United States. SURF hosts world-leading experiments in neutrino, astroparticle and nuclear physics, as well as projects in biology, geology, and engineering, and is home to a major excavation project making space for Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF), which will power the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). An emphasis on outreach and education is embedded in SURF’s mission statement: “to advance world-class science and inspire learning across generations.” To achieve this mission, SURF goes beyond established science communication methods, including operating an open-to-the-public visitor center, hosting multiple public outreach events per month, and an annual city-wide science festival. Furthermore, SURF is training K-12 science educators, developing school curriculum units, and providing classroom materials, based on science researched at the laboratory. The strategic approach, specific methods, and successful outcomes of these programs, which are based on SURF’s science, location, and community, may serve as examples for effective science education, public outreach, and community engagement.
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Cavalcante, Paolo, and Gabriele Bucciarelli. "An adaptive evacuation system for the Gran Sasso underground laboratory." Frontiers in Physics 12 (March 8, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1320097.
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The Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) is, at present, the largest deep underground laboratory in operation for astroparticle physics and rare event research. The LNGS was created to carry out this research exploiting an overburden of 1,400 m of rock to reduce the flux of muons from cosmic rays. Operating an underground laboratory and its facilities implies a high level of risk. To mitigate risks at the LNGS, a crucial aspect is represented by the evacuation of people from an underground environment during emergencies. The connection between the underground facilities and the outside infrastructure is limited, and the intervention by rescue teams is complicated. This paper reports the study of an adaptive evacuation system to improve the evacuation performance in underground laboratories. The system proposed is composed of a combination of passive, dynamic, and adaptive signage that is able to adapt itself to lead the laboratory occupants to the safe location for evacuation (assembly point). The system collects information from all safety plants, and the data are processed using a customized path-finding algorithm. In the computational algorithm, the underground laboratory is represented as a grid, and the customized path-finding algorithm discovers all available paths to reach the identified evacuation assembly point.