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Salequzzaman, Md. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh?" Thesis, Salequzzaman, Md. (2004) Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/286/.
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Tidal power is a clean renewable energy. Furthermore, electricity is acknowledged as a key need for development. However, until recently, due to high capital costs and extensive environmental concerns, few tidal power plants are operative around the world. These problems are now being mitigated by the application of appropriate, modern practices and technologies. In particular the use of small scale technologies, innovative financing and the involvement of local communities creates the potential for tidal power to be a tool in coastal development. This thesis examines the appropriateness of tidal power in the rural coastal community of Bangladesh, where electricity demand is a major development problem. Coastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, especially from cyclones, tidal surges and the effects of global warming on sea-level rise.
Consequently, most of this coastal area has been protected by embankments and sluice gates, which can accommodate the normal tidal head rise and fall. The potential of tidal power to use this infrastructure, together with its associated problems and mitigation measures, have been analysed by comparing existing and potential tidal power technologies around the world, including a proposed Kimberley tidal power project in Western Australia.
The research has identified that a significant amount of power could be produced from the tidal range of coastal Bangladesh by using the simple low-cost technology of tidal wheels in the tidal embankment sluice gates. The electricity produced could be utilised by various coastal interests, such as agriculture, shrimp aquaculture and other resource producing activities. However, the real benefits of this technology are that it can be applied in a way that simultaneously enables the development of local infrastructure and the improvement in living conditions of the local people by creating income generation and employment opportunities in these coastal communities. The thesis puts forward a community based co-management model as a means of effectively integrating tidal power in coastal area management in Bangladesh.
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Salequzzaman, Md. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh? /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040428.151218.
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au, Salek@central murdoch edu, i M. D. Salequzzaman. "Can Tidal Power Promote Sustainable Integrated Coastal Development in Bangladesh?" Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040428.151218.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Tidal power is a clean renewable energy. Furthermore, electricity is acknowledged as a key need for development. However, until recently, due to high capital costs and extensive environmental concerns, few tidal power plants are operative around the world. These problems are now being mitigated by the application of appropriate, modern practices and technologies. In particular the use of small scale technologies, innovative financing and the involvement of local communities creates the potential for tidal power to be a tool in coastal development. This thesis examines the appropriateness of tidal power in the rural coastal community of Bangladesh, where electricity demand is a major development problem. Coastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, especially from cyclones, tidal surges and the effects of global warming on sea-level rise.
Consequently, most of this coastal area has been protected by embankments and sluice gates, which can accommodate the normal tidal head rise and fall. The potential of tidal power to use this infrastructure, together with its associated problems and mitigation measures, have been analysed by comparing existing and potential tidal power technologies around the world, including a proposed Kimberley tidal power project in Western Australia.
The research has identified that a significant amount of power could be produced from the tidal range of coastal Bangladesh by using the simple low-cost technology of tidal wheels in the tidal embankment sluice gates. The electricity produced could be utilised by various coastal interests, such as agriculture, shrimp aquaculture and other resource producing activities. However, the real benefits of this technology are that it can be applied in a way that simultaneously enables the development of local infrastructure and the improvement in living conditions of the local people by creating income generation and employment opportunities in these coastal communities. The thesis puts forward a community based co-management model as a means of effectively integrating tidal power in coastal area management in Bangladesh.
4
Salequzzaman, M. D. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh?" Salequzzaman, M.D. (2004) Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/286/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Tidal power is a clean renewable energy. Furthermore, electricity is acknowledged as a key need for development. However, until recently, due to high capital costs and extensive environmental concerns, few tidal power plants are operative around the world. These problems are now being mitigated by the application of appropriate, modern practices and technologies. In particular the use of small scale technologies, innovative financing and the involvement of local communities creates the potential for tidal power to be a tool in coastal development. This thesis examines the appropriateness of tidal power in the rural coastal community of Bangladesh, where electricity demand is a major development problem. Coastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, especially from cyclones, tidal surges and the effects of global warming on sea-level rise.
Consequently, most of this coastal area has been protected by embankments and sluice gates, which can accommodate the normal tidal head rise and fall. The potential of tidal power to use this infrastructure, together with its associated problems and mitigation measures, have been analysed by comparing existing and potential tidal power technologies around the world, including a proposed Kimberley tidal power project in Western Australia.
The research has identified that a significant amount of power could be produced from the tidal range of coastal Bangladesh by using the simple low-cost technology of tidal wheels in the tidal embankment sluice gates. The electricity produced could be utilised by various coastal interests, such as agriculture, shrimp aquaculture and other resource producing activities. However, the real benefits of this technology are that it can be applied in a way that simultaneously enables the development of local infrastructure and the improvement in living conditions of the local people by creating income generation and employment opportunities in these coastal communities. The thesis puts forward a community based co-management model as a means of effectively integrating tidal power in coastal area management in Bangladesh.
5
Salequzzaman, Md. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh?" Connect to this title online, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040428.151218.
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Saleminik, Motahareh. "Power of Napping`Designing a Tool to Promote Napping Behavior’". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595848274679832.
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Thornton, Katherine C. (Katherine Claire). "Minimum carbon tax level needed to prompt a widespread shift to nuclear power". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41687.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-50).
Carbon dioxide is suspected to be a major contributor to global warming. In the United States, nearly 70% of electricity is produced using coal or natural gas, both of which emit carbon dioxide into the environment. Nuclear power, which does not emit any carbon dioxide, produces 17% of the electricity consumed in the United States. In order to persuade utilities to switch from coal or natural gas to nuclear power and thus reduce carbon dioxide emissions, a carbon tax should be implemented. Depending on the cost of construction for new nuclear plants and the level of savings that will incentivize utilities to switch, the carbon tax needed to promote nuclear power will range between $20/tC and $200/tC. The full range of carbon tax scenarios are developed in this thesis, with the most likely carbon tax being $1 10/tC. This cost assumes a $1800/kw capital construction cost and a 10% risk perception premium on the bus bar cost of power to address the financial and industry community's somewhat negative perception of nuclear investments. From a policy perspective, this carbon tax will be more effective in causing utilities to move to nuclear power than a cap and trade policy. From a utility standpoint, switching to nuclear power under a carbon tax is less expensive than implementing a program of carbon capture and sequestration.
by Katherine C. Thornton.
S.B.
8
Schwartz, David. "Harnessing Power: Exploring Citizen's Use of Networked Technologies to Promote Police Accountability". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35338.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this examination of citizen surveillance, I engage with Foucaultian and Deleuzian
conceptualizations of surveillance, power, resistance, control, and desire, to explore the
motivation(s) of community members who film and disseminate footage of the police.
Methodologically, I conducted semi-structured interviews with community stakeholders
to study the latent thematic ideas embedded in their responses. These themes represent
the underlying motivational factors a citizen surveiller may have when filming the police.
In my analysis of these themes, I explore: citizen surveillers’ logic for resisting power;
citizen surveillers’ understandings of power; and, citizen surveillers’ reported approaches
to both passive and active forms of resistance. Subsequently, there appears to be an
underlying desire for power and a resistance to power when filming the police. However,
given the exploratory nature of this study, there is a need to continue investigating the
theoretical and under substantiated claims about citizen surveillance and its association
with race, gender and socio-economic status.
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DeCanio, Samuel. "On the Autonomy of the Democratic State: How Mass Democracy Promotes State Power". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218519180.
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Bakhtiari, Babak. "The Challenges of Feed-in Tariff Law as a Policy Instrument to Promote Wind Power in Iran". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-23068.
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This study was carried out with the aim of finding out the challenges towards Feed-in Tariff law instrument in order to promote renewable energy in Iran. The targets of the study were chosen among authorities and investors in the field of wind energy. Wind power was selected as the case study because of its more popularity among investors. Qualitative research design was used to conduct the study and semi-structured interviews served as the method. Although there were a few studies done with the focus on renewable energy challenges in Iran, however, none of them focused on the challenges through Feed-in Tariff law. The results show that the law's long administrative process, lack of communication between authorities and investors, and rather low remuneration rate are the barriers to promote renewable energy in Iran. Furthermore, lack of financial assistance and imposed political and economical sanctions against Iran play an important role in this regard.
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Green, Erin H. "Green power in green spaces : policy options to promote renewable energy use in U.S. national parks /". Electronic version of thesis, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2669.
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Tyroller, Michael. "Effekte metakognitiver Prompts beim computerbasierten Statistiklernen". Diss., [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00005514.
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Wilson, Rory Howard 1957. "An assessment of the impact of grouped item prompts versus single item prompts for human computer interface design". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276934.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Current research in screen design for human computer interaction has demonstrated that user task performance is influenced by placement, prompting methodology, and screen complexity. To assess the difference between a grouped item screen prompt and a series of single item screen prompts, a field experiment in a semiconductor manufacturing facility was designed. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups to use a data entry system. Seven of the screen prompts differed between the two groups. During the four weeks of the study, a significant difference was measured between groups. The group screen users had lower task times for all four weeks. No significant correlation exists between work experience, performance review scores, or designated work shift. A strong negative correlation exists between frequency of system usage and task time. No difference was noted for measured errors. Subjective scores significantly favored the group screen design.
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Schweizer, Maurya Lynn. "The Effect of Content, Style, and Color of Picture Prompts on Narrative Writing: An Analysis of Fifth and Eighth Grade Students' Writing". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26243.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Current assessment practices for writing are moving away from the traditional objective test and towards performance-based assessment. The use of picture prompts to elicit writing samples is a common practice but it adds a level of complexity to the writing process. Writing tasks which use pictures to elicit writing samples require the writer to interpret the picture, create meaning from the picture, and then transfer the visual information into a verbal mode of expression.
The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of style and color of picture prompts while holding content constant. Four independent variables were investigated: style, (photograph, drawing), color (color, black and white), content (delivery man with a box, cliff rescue), and grade-level (fifth, eighth). Ratings of the students' stories served as the dependent variable. Each story was scored by two raters on three dimensions: narrative, descriptive, and events. These scores were added together to obtain a total score. The overall design was a four factor repeated measures ANOVA with grade level, style, and color as between subject factors and content as a within subject factor. A total of six ANOVAs were conducted, one each for the total score, narrative component, descriptive component, events component, prior events item, and after events item.
Results of the ANOVA for total scores indicate that the main effect for content was significant, as was the content by style interaction. The main effects for color and style were not significant, nor did these factors yield significant interactions. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of the narrative and descriptive components. The main effect of content was not significant on the event component due to reversal of mean scores on the two items comprising this component. When ANOVAs were conducted on the two items comprising this component, the main effect for content was significant for both items. Also of interest is that the main effect for grade level was significant for the total scores, descriptive component, events component, and prior events, but was not significant for the narrative component or after events item.Ph. D.
15
Bode, Christiaan César. "An analysis of collective ownership models to promote renewable energy development and climate justice in South Africa / Christiaan César Bode". Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10004.
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This study broadly investigates South African energy policy with specific emphasis on the
Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP). It
investigates how the procurement programme links to rights-based climate justice principles.
Climate justice principles have the potential to greatly impact the socio-economic development
characteristics of the renewable energy sector. These principles incorporate the notions of
participation and self-representation, equality, and the anti-commodification of nature, thus
linking to the collective ownership aspect of renewable energy plants. Depending on the
procurement model chosen, renewable energy has the potential to offer true broad-based
empowerment and developmental benefits to the country.
A neo-Gramscian theoretical framework was selected in order to draw links between the
renewable energy sector and the political economy which are so entrenched in the Minerals-
Energy Complex (MEC). The neo-Gramscian framework demonstrates strength in the
uncovering of the shift in the social relations of production and how these interact with the state
and the international class project. It is utilised to expose the character of power and hegemony
and how the needs of transnational capital are satisfied within local perceptions of
development. This research revealed that the renewable energy sector has been annexed by the
transnational neoliberal agenda through the non-participative nature of the REIPPPP. To
challenge this power relation, the neo-Gramscian notion of a counter-hegemony is particularly
pertinent. Community renewables, the focus of this research, are presented as such a counterhegemonic
alternative.
A number of European countries have successfully integrated community owned renewable
energy plants into their energy sectors. Various case studies of community renewables in
Denmark, Sweden and the UK respectively are proposed as alternative ownership models to
those being promoted in the REIPPPP in South Africa. Barriers to community renewables in the
South African context have been identified. These identified barriers allow one to make
informed predictions about the future ownership of the renewable energy sector in South
Africa. Recommendations are suggested that would work towards promoting a more inclusive
and participatory renewable energy sector with greater adherence to climate justice principles.M. Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Régnier, David. "Contribution à l'étude des gammas prompts de fission". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI065.
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Cette thèse a essentiellement été motivée par la montée en puissance de la thématique des échauffements nucléaires en réacteurs. Elle avait pour objectif la mise en place de méthodes permettant la simulation de l'émission des gammas prompts de fission. Pour répondre à cette attente, différents algorithmes de désexcitation d'un noyau ont été implémentés. Ils ont été testés avec succès via plusieurs calculs d'application (rapport d'embranchement isomérique, largeur radiative totale, etc). Ces méthodes ont ensuite été mises en oeuvre dans le cadre du code de fission FIFRELIN. L'outil qui en résulte, permet la détermination d'un grand nombre d'observables de fission, dans le cadre d'un modèle unique. Une étude de sensibilité des résultats à différents éléments du calcul a été réalisée. Enfin, des simulations de la fission spontanée du 252Cf, et des fissions induites par neutrons thermiques sur l' 235U et le 239Pu ont été menées. Les spectres des gammas prompts pour ces trois systèmes fissionnants ont pu être déterminés. Les résultats obtenus sont en très bon accord avec les données expérimentales disponibles, dont certaines ont été publiées récemment (2012 et 2013)This PhD thesis has essentially been motivated by the nuclear heating problematic in reactors. The main goal of this work was the production of methods capable of simulating the prompt gamma emission from fission. First of all, several algorithms for the treatment of the nucleus deexcitation were implemented. They have been succesfully tested through various calculations (isomeric branching ratio, total radiative width, etc). These methods were then incorporated in the frame of the fission code FIFRELIN. The tool which results from this work, enables the determination of numerous fission observables in the frame of a single consistent model. A sensitivity study of the results to several numerical and nuclear models has been realized. At last, calculation have been lead for the 252Cf spontaneous fission and the thermal neutron induced fission of 235U and 239Pu. The prompt gamma spectra obtained for those three fissionning systems have been determined. The results are in good agreement with available experimental data, including recent measurements published in 2012 and 2013
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Momanyi, Joan. "Zero emissions, zero poverty in Kenya: a review of whether Lamu Coal Power Plant promotes a pro-poor low carbon development pathway". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25055.
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"Zero emissions, zero poverty" has become an ambitious target to fight climate change and reduce poverty at the same time. In Kenya, eradication of extreme poverty through economic growth is one of the aims to be achieved by the Government of Kenya by 2030. Historically, economic growth has been directly linked to increased emissions. Poverty eradication through economic growth is proving to be challenging due to the fact that both developed and developing countries are expected to mitigate climate change through emissions reduction. Despite the challenge, Kenya has prioritised low carbon development as a means to eradicate poverty and mitigate climate change. "Clean coal" is one of the low carbon developments that the country has proposed. This study investigates how "clean coal" can assist Kenya to remain low carbon and develop properly. The analysis of the literature and qualitative data consists of three parts: the first analysis establishes the relationship between emissions and poverty in Kenya. The second part of the analysis assesses the literature on cost, environmental, social and economic consequences of clean coal as a low carbon development. The third component analyses the discourse of the actors involved in the decision-making process to understand the controversy for and against clean coal in Kenya. The study finds that there is possibly a link between poverty and emissions in Kenya and that improved socio-economic development results in increased emissions. The study also suggested that efforts to develop may be hindered by the increasing rate of inequality. The discourse analysis highlighted that Lamu Coal Power Plant may lead to economic development through employment and economic growth.; which comes at a high cost on environmental degradation (increased emissions and pollution) and increased deprivations (negatively impacted livelihood, health deterioration and displacement) that are likely to result in increasing poverty.
18
Hairston, Patrece Gabrielle. "The Power to Promote Justice Program: A Train-the-Trainer Model for the Development of Culturally Competent Teaching Practices Among Secondary Educators". Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1309535768.
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Ritchie, Hannah. "The Efficacy of Different Stimulus Fading Procedures to Teach Verbal Operants to an Older Adult with Aphasia". OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1715.
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Aphasia can severely impact an individual’s ability to communicate. However, existing research on interventions is limited. The current study compared different stimulus fading procedures with an older adult diagnosed with aphasia. A multielement within a multiple baseline design across behaviors was used to measure the efficacy of each approach. Results showed that the time delay procedure was more efficient at fading prompts when teaching intraverbals.
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Wang, Chen. "What satisfies a curious mind? curiosity prompts novel reward seeking". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46501.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this age of information overload, consumers are bombarded with various curiosity-inducing stimuli from newspapers, TV programs, movies, web banners, etc. Despite its ubiquity in the consumption world, curiosity has surprisingly received little attention in cognitive psychology and consumer behavior research (Kang et al. 2009; Menon and Soman 2002). In the limited research on state curiosity, most attention has been directed to its impact on people’s search for domain-specific information that closes the knowledge gap (Menon and Soman 2002; van Dijk and Zeelenberg 2007). However, as curiosity is also an appetitive state that possesses driving forces (Blumenberg 1983; Loewenstein 1994), it is possible that curiosity could motivate reward-seeking behaviors other than information seeking.
My dissertation investigates the impact of curiosity, a cognitive deprivation arising from the perception of a gap in knowledge (Loewenstein 1994), on consumers’ subsequent reward-seeking behaviors. I find that curiosity motivates people to seek rewards, particularly novel rewards, in other unrelated domains, such as physical domains (e.g., money, food) and social domains (e.g., social friendship, charitable donation). This effect occurs as a result of a general appetitive drive and an open mindset, which are both activated by exposure to curiosity cues. I further identify that information content moderates this effect; when people are curious about threatening information, the effect of curiosity on the spillover reward-seeking tendency is mitigated.
This research contributes to both the curiosity and the reward-seeking literature. While prior research has shown that curiosity motivates people to seek rewards in the cognitive domain by searching for the missing information, I show that this general motivational dimension of curiosity can prompt people to engage in reward-seeking behaviors in other unrelated domains. Further, I add to the existing spillover reward-seeking studies by showing that such effect induced by curiosity is particularly pronounced for novel rewards. This research also contributes to the reward-seeking literature by exploring how the spillover reward-seeking effect extends to the intangible cognitive and social domains (e.g., cognitive deprivation, social rewards).
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McKenzie, Esteban. "Influence of sketch detail in design prompts on design exploration". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75668.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 27).
This study sought to observe how the type of shape they are presented with influenced designers' early creative process. One of three shapes, with varying degrees of detail and concreteness, were shown to respondents at random. The respondents were asked to sketch designs for a lemon squeezer based on the inspirational shape they were shown. The concepts were then grouped by to the inspirational shape they were based on. The designs were rated on the categories of feasibility, similarity to existing products, number of perspectives drawn, the presence of annotations, and the ease of which the concept could be understood. When the results were analyzed, it was found that the number of perspectives drawn and the presence of annotations were the only categories that varied by the inspirational shape group. The more open-ended shape corresponded with respondents drawing more perspectives of their concept on average, and including annotations more often, while the most well defined shape had fewer perspectives drawn, and fewer concepts with annotations. The categories of feasibility, similarity and clarity had no variation between groups of people who received different inspirational shapes. These results suggest that the more open-ended inspirational shape gave respondents mental leeway to be more expansive in their descriptions, and less constrained to basic representations.
by Esteban McKenzie.
S.B.
22
Fritz, Dana R. "The nature of parent language prompts in early language development /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988660.
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Mura, Matthew S. "Decreasing elevator travel in women with sign prompts encouraging stair use". Click here to access thesis, 2005. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/Spring2005/mmura/mura_matthew_s_200501_ms.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2005."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39) and appendices.
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Zandecki, Erin Marie. "The Effects of Informational Prompts and Performance Feedback on Recyclign Behavior". Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4265.
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Recycling behavior was examined by the implementation of Informational Prompts and Performance Feedback. Prompts containing facts on recycling and waste along with group performance feedback were studied at The Florida Mental Health Institute at The University of South Florida (Tampa campus). Informational Prompts were introduced by placing informational facts about recycling and waste by 26 bins throughout the building. Performance feedback signs were placed by the same bins and included the frequency of recycled material and trash discarded in the recycling bins on a daily basis when the campus was open. The results showed that both interventions increased recycling. Informational Prompts showed an increase in recycling and a decrease in trash placed in the recycling bin. Performance Feedback showed a stronger increase in recycling when compared to Informational Prompts. The combination of the two produced a significant increase in the amount of recyclable material placed in the recycling bins and a decrease in the waste placed in the recycling containers.
25
Riley, Gerard Anthony. "The use of prompts in teaching people with a learning disability". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34684.
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The thesis reviews existing research on the use of prompts in teaching people with a learning disability. The review suggests a wide range of inadequacies and omissions. Many traditional prompt types and procedures lack any adequate theoretical rationale or empirical validation. There is also a lack of empirical and theoretical work concerning the formal and circumstantial factors which may determine their effect; and concerning their combined and comparative effects. An attempt is made to remedy some of these deficits. The issues are discussed in theoretical terms from both a behavioural and a cognitive perspective. These theoretical accounts (particularly the cognitive one) are then used to suggest ways in which existing prompting practices may be refined, and to suggest some relatively novel practices. The empirical investigations tested the effectiveness of some of these practices. Evidence is provided for the effectiveness of fading response prompts; of using stimulus prompts in teaching the motor and perceptual components of tasks; and of using mnemonic devices in teaching chained perceptuo-motor skills. In the circumstances of the studies reported, delaying the prompt and instructions to recall the required information failed to have an effect. The empirical work also provided evidence that, in some circumstances, full physical guidance can be less effective than alternatives, and delaying the prompt can be less effective than fading it.
26
Smith, Amanda. "Football Crowd Behavioral Responses to a University Marching Band’s Musical Prompts". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23825.
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Decades of market research have investigated how music can influence consumer purchase, food consumption, and alcoholic drinking. Before market researchers declared music an influencer of atmospheric perception, sociologists discovered the sway of music on crowd collective action in sporting events, political rallies, and societal unrest. There remains a lack of research on how live music may influence football fan behavior during a game. Therefore, this study observed the number of behavioral responses from university students elicited by a university marching band’s music prompts (N = 11) at an American university football game. By recording observations of behavior in the student section during home football games, this investigation found that from the total number of music prompts observed (n =202), 50% (n =100) of the music prompts elicited a behavioral response from the student section.
27
Pawlak, Patricia A. "Self-Regulated Learning Prompts in the Enhancement of Critical Thinking Skills". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1461712180.
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Platt, Kelsey Elyse. "Developing metacognitive and self-regulated learning skills through reflective writing prompts". Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3164.
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Effective practice determines the quality of a performance and it is essential to improving a musician's overall level of playing. Studies show that experts in the field of music display superior metacognitive skills, or the ability to think about one's thinking. Metacognition is an important skill that needs to be developed in order for a student to become a self-regulated, or independent learner. Effective practice can be improved by learning and developing metacognitive and self-regulated learning skills.
An important component of self-regulated learning is reflective thinking. Reflective thinking is a mental process that contributes to deeper learning experiences, improves problem solving skills, and enhances creativity. Reflective thinking can be stimulated with writing activities. Research and theories of reflective practices informed the creation of the Reflective Writing Prompts.
The Reflective Writing Prompts stimulate reflective thinking as they teach and develop metacognitive and self-regulated learning skills to make practice more effective. Each exercise prompts the student to think and write a response to questions focused on a specific skill. These prompts are based on research in music psychology and reflective thinking, with special focus on metacognition, self-regulated learning, practice habits, and reflective journaling. The pertinent studies and theories in these areas will be examined and explained in relation to each other. With this foundational knowledge in place, the Reflective Writing Prompts will be presented. The prompts are designed to support first or second year music students in their development as independent learners who practice effectively.
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Rąpała, Michał. "Etude de la fission nucléaire par spectrométrie des rayons gamma prompts". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS390/document.
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La volonté d'améliorer l'efficacité énergétique des réacteurs nucléaires a motivé de nouvelles solutions dans leur conception. L'une d'elles est l’utilisation d’un réflecteur lourd dans les réacteurs de génération III+ et les futurs réacteurs de génération IV. Lorsque la matière est traversée par des rayons γ, les excitations induites entraînent une élévation de sa température. Ce processus, appelé échauffement γ, est responsable de plus de 90% de la production de chaleur dans la région hors combustible d'un réacteur nucléaire. C’est également le cas dans le réflecteur. Pour simuler l'effet de l’échauffement γ en fonction de la composition du combustible, il faut disposer de données précises sur les γ prompts émis par les différents fragments produits dans le processus de fission. En 2012, une campagne d’expériences inédite, EXILL, a été menée au réacteur de recherche de l'ILL. Un grand nombre de détecteurs HPGe a été placé autour d’une cible fissile et a mesuré les rayons γ émis par la cible alors qu’elle était irradiée par un faisceau intense de neutrons froids. Dans ce travail, nous avons analysé les données obtenues avec des cibles ²³⁵U. Elles nous ont permis d’étudier la désexcitation de plusieurs fragments de fission et plus globalement le processus de fission induite par des neutrons. Dans un premier temps, nous avons utilisé la méthode standard d'analyse par coïncidence γ-γ-γ. Nous avons pu filtrer les données expérimentales, identifier les transitions γ dans des fragments bien produits et calculer leur intensité relative. Les problèmes que nous avons rencontrés concernent le bruit de fond. Les résultats obtenus dépendent de ce choix et présentent donc des problèmes de reproductibilité. Nous avons développé et testé une nouvelle méthodologie d'analyse. Son principe est un balayage des portes de coïncidence selon trois directions, ce qui permet de trouver le bruit de fond le mieux adapté. L'idée principale était finalement de passer d'une méthode "spectroscopique", dont le but est de trouver de nouvelles transitions et des états excités dans un noyau, à une méthode "spectrométrique", qui nous permet d'obtenir plus précisément l’intensité de transitions γ connues, avec une meilleure estimation de leur incertitude. Cela nous a amené à développer un logiciel d'analyse semi-automatique d'ajustement des pics. Divers schémas de calcul de l'intensité des transitions γ ont été également élaborés pour tenir compte des contaminations possibles, selon leur emplacement dans la matrice de coïncidence et leur intensité. La méthode standard et la nouvelle méthode d'analyse ont été comparées pour l'analyse du ¹⁴²Ba. Dans ce travail, nous avons également comparé nos résultats sur quelques noyaux, tel que le ¹⁰⁰Zr, avec des simulations réalisées avec le code FIFRELIN. Ce dernier est un code Monte-Carlo qui simule le processus de fission et la désexcitation des fragments de fission. FIFRELIN utilise plusieurs modèles différents pour décrire ces processus. Nous avons testé le comportement des différents modèles, trouvé les valeurs optimales des paramètres de simulation et testé comment ces configurations reproduisaient les résultats expérimentaux. FIFRELIN n'a pas été en mesure de reproduire simultanément les intensités des transitions γ émises par les fragments de ¹⁰⁰Zr et la multiplicité de neutrons prompts moyennée sur tous les fragments de fission. Cependant, avec des paramètres modifiés, FIFRELIN a fourni localement une multiplicité de neutrons prompts correcte pour les fragments de masse atomique A=100 et des intensités de transition γ bien reproduites pour le noyau de ¹⁰⁰Zr. Nous avons également comparé nos résultats expérimentaux sur les fragments de ¹⁰⁰Zr provenant du processus ²³⁵U(n,f) avec les autres données expérimentales disponibles provenant des expériences sur ²⁴⁸Cm(sf) et ²⁵²Cf(sf), et une autre expérience sur ²³⁵U(n,f)The desire to improve the fuel efficiency of nuclear reactors has motivated new solutions in their design. One of them is the heavy reflector used in the generation III+ and in the future generation IV reactors. γ-rays passing through matter cause its excitation and temperature rise. It is a process called γ-heating, and it is responsible for more than 90% of the heat production in the non-fuel region of the nuclear reactor. This is also the case of the heavy reflector. To simulate the γ-heating effect in every state of the nuclear reactor it is necessary to have precise data on the prompt γ-rays emitted by different fission fragments produced in the course of the nuclear chain reaction. In 2012, at the research reactor of the ILL, an innovative experiment, called EXILL, was conducted. It produced a large amount of useful data on the de-excitation of the fission fragments. A large number of HPGe detectors were used to study the neutron induced fission process by measuring the emitted γ-rays. Fissile targets were irradiated by an intense cold neutron beam. In this work we analyzed the ²³⁵U targets. We studied several fission fragments and more generally the fission process by using high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. At the beginning, we used the standard γ-γ-γ coincidence analysis method. We were able to filter experimental data, identify the well produced γ-rays, and calculate their relative intensities. The problems we have encountered are related to the background. The results obtained with this method were background dependent and thus presented some problems with reproducibility. We therefore developed and tested a new analysis methodology. Its crucial feature is a coincidence gates scanning in three directions which helps to find the most suitable background. The idea was to move from a “spectroscopic” method, which main purpose is finding new transitions and excited states in a nucleus, to a “spectrometric” method, which allows us to obtain more precise γ-ray intensities. We developed a semi-automatic analysis software which facilitates fitting of the chosen γ-ray peak, the contamination and the background. Various γ-ray intensity calculation schemes were derived to take into account different contamination strengths and placements. The results of the analysis with the new technique are reproducible and more reliable. The standard and the new analysis method were compared in the ¹⁴²Ba analysis. In this work, we also compared our experimental results on some nuclei, such as ¹⁰⁰Zr, with the simulation results performed with the FIFRELIN code. It is a Monte-Carlo code which simulates the fission process and the de-excitation of the fission fragments. It uses various models to describe these processes. We were able to test the behavior of different models implemented in FIFRELIN to find the optimal simulation parameter values and to test how well these setups reproduce the experimental results. FIFRELIN was unable to simultaneously reproduce the γ-ray intensities of ¹⁰⁰Zr and the prompt-neutron multiplicity averaged over all fission fragments. However, with modified simulation parameters, FIFRELIN locally provided correct prompt-neutron multiplicity for the fission fragment with the atomic mass A=100 and well reproduced γ-ray intensities of ¹⁰⁰Zr. We also compared our experimental results on ¹⁰⁰Zr coming from the ²³⁵U(n,f) process with the other available experimental data coming from the experiments on ²⁴⁸Cm(sf) and ²⁵²Cf(sf), and another experiment on ²³⁵U(n,f)
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Schulte, Löbbert Petra. "Rezipientenbewusstsein in der schriftlichen Kommunikation zum Einfluss metakognitiver Prompts auf den Revisionsprozess". Berlin Logos-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999661450/04.
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Eklund, Robert, i Mats Wirén. "Effects of open and directed prompts on filled pauses and utterance production". Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för datorlingvistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40230.
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This paper describes an experiment where open and directed prompts were alternated when collecting speech data for the deployment of a call-routing application. The experiment tested whether open and directed prompts resulted in any differences with respect to the filled pauses exhibited by the callers, which is interesting in the light of the “many-options” hypothesis of filled pause production. The experiment also investigated the effects of the prompts on utterance form and meaning of the callers.
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Lewis, Amanda Louise. "Point-of-choice prompts as tools of behaviour change : moderators of impact". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3082/.
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Point-of-choice prompts consistently increase stair climbing in public access settings. Comparison of message content, however, is rare. Chapter two reports that, after controlling for the effects of traffic, similar effects on stair climbing were evident for a more specific and a simpler heart-health message. Chapters three to five demonstrate that specific, calorific expenditure messages were associated with significantly increased stair climbing in public access and workplace settings, with greater increases in overweight than normal weight individuals (chapter four). Chapter three investigated the single and combined effects of volitional and motivational intervention components, in a tram station, to test the theory underpinning the success of point-of-choice prompts. Both components positioned simultaneously were required to increase stair climbing where choosing the stairs resulted in a time delay for pedestrians due to the site layout. Similarly, a motivational intervention alone did not increase stair climbing in the workplace (chapter five). When supplemented with a volitional, point-of-choice prompt at the time the choice of ascent method is made, a significant increase in stair climbing occurred. Analysis should adjust for potential moderating effects of pedestrian traffic, time of day, demographics and building characteristics; failure to do so may mask the true impact of the intervention.
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DiFrancesca, Daniell. "The Impact of Writing Prompts on Learning During Ill-Structured Problem Solving". Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10110537.
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Ill-structured problem solving requires a variety of skills and strategies that K-12 students often lack due to limited exposure to these problems and a reliance on superficial problem-solving strategies (Greiff et al., 2013; Jonassen, 1997, 2000; Mayer & Wittrock, 2006). This study employed a computer-based problem-solving program called Solve It!, which scaffolds students through a general problem-solving process to identify and support solutions to ill-structured physics problems. Using a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, this study examined the impact of the prompt response and narrative writing tasks on seventh grade students’ (N = 117) physics content knowledge and problem-solving strategy acquisition while solving ill-structured problems in Solve It!. Students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, which varied in the type of writing tasks students completed. Findings from this study revealed a significant increase in physics knowledge and problem-solving strategies across conditions. Due to the small sample size and several limitations with the study design, condition effects did not emerge. However, students in the narrative writing condition with low physics prior knowledge did benefit from the narrative writing task. Implications for this research include the use of computer-based environments to teach both content and problem-solving strategies simultaneously and the potential to use narrative writing tasks for learning.
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Guiot, Benjamin. "Production de charms et de photons prompts avec le générateur d'évènements EPOS". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0192/document.
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Au LHC, la collision de particules de très hautes énergies permet d’étudier l’interaction forte. En particulier, lors de la collision de deux noyaux (de plomb pour le LHC), un nouvel état de la matière, appelé Plasma de Quarks Gluons (QGP), est créé. L’étude de ce QGP constitue actuellement un des domaines actif de la recherche en physique. Les sondes dures, telles les quarks lourds ou les photons prompts, sont produit dés les premiers instants des collisions faites au LHC. Cette caractéristique les rend idéales pour l’étude du QGP. Elles vont traverser et interagir avec le milieu créé. En comparant avec un cas sans QGP (collisions proton-proton), il sera possible d’évaluer l’influence du plasma sur ces sondes dures et d’en extraire les propriétés telles la température et la densité. Cette étude nécessite donc d’avoir une bonne connaissance de la production de ces sondes dures dans les collisions proton-proton. Le but de ma thèse est l’implémentation des quarks lourds et des photons prompts dans le générateur d’évènements EPOS (codes informatique simulant les collisions), pour les collisions p-p. Le but final sera d’utiliser ce travail pour l’étude du plasma dans les collisions Pb-PbAt the LHC, strong interaction is studied by doing collisions of high energy particles. In the case of nucleus-nucleus collision (lead at the LHC), a new state of matter, called Quarks Gluons Plasma (QGP), is created. The study of this QGP is currently a lively research field. Hard probes, like heavy quarks and prompt photons, are produced during early times of collisions done at the LHC. This is why they are ideal probes for the study of the QGP. They will go through and interact with the medium produced by the collision. A comparison with a case without QGP (proton-proton- collision) will allow us to see how hard probes properties are modified by themedium. Then, medium properties like temperature and density can be extracted. This study requires a good understanding of hard probes production in proton-proton collisions. The aim of my thesis is the implementation of heavy quarks and prompt photons in the event generator EPOS (computer code for colliders), for p-p collisions. Our final aim is the study of the QGP in Pb-Pb collisions
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Kim, Bosung Jonassen David H. "The effects of prompts-based argumentation scaffolds on peer-led interactive argumentation". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6858.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 23, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. David H. Jonassen. Vita Includes bibliographical references.
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Barnett, Monique. "A Comparison of Simple Versus Elaborative Prompts on Acquisition of Picture Associations". OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2354.
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Memory, or the ability to recall previously learned information, has been evaluated among different populations. Some previous research has utilized different forms of verbal prompts to assist participants in recalling associations. These verbal prompts can be categorized as simple or elaborative. Although previous research has indicated that both forms of verbal prompts are effective in teaching individuals to relate stimulus pairs, there is currently no research that compares these prompting methods. Therefore, the current study sought to compare simple and elaborative prompts for teaching a picture-association task with four typically developing preschool children. Data suggest that elaborative prompts were more effective in teaching associations across all participants and resulted in similar levels of maintenance at 1-week and 1-month probes. Keywords. associative learning, memory, verbal prompts
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Gere, Anna Ruggles, Anna V. Knutson, Naitnaphit Limlamai, Ryan McCarty i Emily Wilson. "A Tale of Two Prompts: New Perspectives on Writing-to-Learn Assignments". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3669.
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Beasley, Robin Lynn. "What Are They Learning: a Study of Errors Produced During Behavior Acquisition Utilizing Two Prompting Procedures with a Cat". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149561/.
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Prompting methods are common amongst animal trainers, both novice and experts. However, there is little empirical evidence to demonstrate the strengths or weaknesses of common prompting procedures. The current study assessed the strengths and weaknesses during behavior acquisition of two prompting methods, luring and targeting. Luring placed an edible directly in front of the animal which guided the animal through the desired behavior. Targeting, however used a target, an arbitrary object the animal has been trained to touch, guide behavior. A cat was trained, using each method, to walk around a flower. Walking around the right flower pot was trained using luring and walking around the left flower pot was trained using targeting. After both behaviors were acquired, a delay cue method was designed to transfer stimulus control. Later a combination of a delay cue and prompt fading was used. During acquisition the luring method acquired the behavior of walking around a pot more quickly with consistently fewer errors. During stimulus transfer the cat began independently initiating the behavior earlier with the target trained behavior and produced more correct behaviors after the verbal cue. Luring appeared to produce the faster behavior, but after stimulus transfer it could be concluded that the cat did not learn the desired behavior, but rather following the lure. Both methods could be beneficial in different circumstance, however, given the desired behavior was to walk around a flower pot on cue, targeting would be considered best practice.
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Ferguson, Scott. "Smartphone technology : everyday prompts for those with prospective memory difficulties post brain injury". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629459.
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BACKGROUND: Prospective memory difficulties are one of the most common deficits following acquired brain injury. The application of smartphones as a compensatory aid to these difficulties has shown promising results. This study looked to investigate these benefits further. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate whether receipt of reminder prompts through ones smartphone improved completion of pre-planned tasks, in addition to whether it also had secondary implications for participant's wellbeing, confidence, independent functioning, and whether it had any impact on caregiver strain levels. METHOD: This study used an ABAB case series design with mild to moderate acquired brain injury. Task completion rates were monitored across four phases (prompts vs. no prompts). Quantitative questionnaires were administered pre, post and at three months follow up to assess coping with memory difficulties. A qualitative questionnaire explored the perceived impact of the smartphone reminders on everyday functioning, in addition to a 3 month follow up measure assessing attrition rates in smartphone use. RESULTS: Visual inspection analysis suggested greater task completion when reminders were provided. The quantitative questionnaires showed increased use of a Smartphone as reminder device post intervention and at follow up. A basic thematic analysis highlighted a perception that the smartphone system increased task completion, confidence in coping with memory demands, supported emotional wellbeing and reduced dependence on others. As a memory aid it was also less stigmatising and promoted dignity. The three month follow up questionnaire highlighted that all participants continued to use their smartphone as a memory aid. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a smartphone as a memory compensation aid may improve completion of pre-set tasks. Secondary benefits may include increased confidence in coping with memory demands, reduced dependence on others for help, and reduced anxiety or frustration around forgetting.
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James-Kelly, Kimberly L. "The Effects of Model Prompts on Joint Attention Initiations in Children with Autism". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699952/.
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The general purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of minimally intrusive prompting procedures and preferred stimuli on protodeclarative joint attention initiations in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Two boys and one girl diagnosed with ASD participated. The experimenter provided attention and social interaction following protodeclarative initiations throughout all phases of the study. During intervention, a model prompt was delivered every 30 s if the participant failed to initiate a bid for joint attention. Results for the first participant show that a model prompt was sufficient to increase the rate of protodeclarative initiations across stimulus sets. Generalization was seen across sets, but not across environments. Subsequently, the model prompt was sufficient to increase the rate of protodeclarative initiations across sets in a second setting (classroom). Results for the second participant are inconclusive. Data collected during the initial baseline condition show that she engaged in an incompatible verbal response across sets. When pictorial stimuli depicting highinterest items and activities were introduced, the rate of protodeclarative initiations increased over time. We then returned to original baseline condition and saw an initial decrease, followed by a steady increase in the rate of protodeclarative initiations. The third participant withdrew prematurely due to medical reasons. The findings of the current study show that minimally intrusive prompts and natural consequences may be sufficient to establish protodeclarative initiations in children. However, this finding may be limited to only those children for whom social interactions already function as reinforcers.
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Ferguson, Scott. "Smartphone technology : everyday prompts for those with prospective memory difficulties following brain injury". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/19859.
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BACKGROUND: Prospective memory difficulties are one of the most common deficits following acquired brain injury. The application of smartphones as a compensatory aid to these difficulties has shown promising results. This study looked to investigate these benefits further. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate whether receipt of reminder prompts through ones smartphone improved completion of pre-planned tasks, in addition to whether it also had secondary implications for participant's wellbeing, confidence, independent functioning, and whether it had any impact on caregiver strain levels. METHOD: This study used an ABAB case series design with mild to moderate acquired brain injury. Task completion rates were monitored across four phases (prompts vs. no prompts). Quantitative questionnaires were administered pre, post and at three months follow up to assess coping with memory difficulties. A qualitative questionnaire explored the perceived impact of the smartphone reminders on everyday functioning, in addition to a 3 month follow up measure assessing attrition rates in smartphone use. RESULTS: Visual inspection analysis suggested greater task completion when reminders were provided. The quantitative questionnaires showed increased use of a Smartphone as reminder device post intervention and at follow up. A basic thematic analysis highlighted a perception that the smartphone system increased task completion, confidence in coping with memory demands, supported emotional wellbeing and reduced dependence on others. As a memory aid it was also less stigmatising and promoted dignity. The three month follow up questionnaire highlighted that all participants continued to use their smartphone as a memory aid. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a smartphone as a memory compensation aid may improve completion of pre-set tasks. Secondary benefits may include increased confidence in coping with memory demands, reduced dependence on others for help, and reduced anxiety or frustration around forgetting.
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Perdomo, Andrea N. "Promoting Generalization of Skills Acquired Through Behavioral Skills Training with Embedded Visual Prompts". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5101.
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Studies on the "Tools" for Positive Behavior Change were originally conducted with people involved in the foster care system. Few studies have conducted the trainings in classroom environments to increase the positive interactions between teachers and their students. Numerous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of behavioral skills training in teaching a wide variety of behavioral skills; however, relatively few of them have shown generalization to their natural environment and maintenance of appropriate responding following the training. Methods of prompting following the initial trainings that have been utilized are often quite intrusive especially when it interrupts the flow of the participants' natural environment. For this study, a multiple-baseline ABC across participants design was utilized to assess the combination of behavioral skills training to teach "Tools" for responding to child behavior with a less intrusive method of prompting in the form of visual prompts that are embedded into the training to maintain the skills acquired following the training.
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Osafo-Acquah, Aaron. "The Role of Teacher-Child Verbal and Nonverbal Prompts in Kindergarten Classrooms in Ghana". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6920.
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While previous studies have examined the educational system in Ghana, there seemed to be very little or no studies that had explored participation and engagement through teacher-child interactions in early childhood education in Ghanaian classrooms (Twum-Danso, 2013). The purpose of this video-based multiple case studies qualitative study of three Kindergarten classrooms in Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana was to identify verbal and nonverbal prompts that related to children’s participation in Ghanaian Kindergarten classroom settings. The data for the study were secondary, having been collected by a team of researchers for the New Civics Grant Program in an initial study to find apprenticeship and civic themes in Ghanaian Kindergarten classrooms. The design for the study was a qualitative video analysis of three early childhood centers in Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana using video cameras to capture classroom interactions to be able to answer the questions: What is the nature of Ghanaian Kindergarten teachers’ verbal and non-verbal prompts that relate to children’s participation during the instructional process? In what ways do children in Ghanaian Kindergartens participate during the instructional process?
I applied the sociocultural perspective of Rogoff’s (1990, 1993, 2003) three foci of analysis that provided a useful conceptual tool for analyzing research with young children (Robbin, 2007). It highlights how children’s thinking is integrated with and constituted by contexts, collaboration, and signs and cultural tools (p. 48). The findings indicated that Ghanaian Kindergarten teachers’ verbal and nonverbal prompts that related to children’s participation during the instructional process were the use of questions, appreciation, gestures etc. The findings also showed that the ways in which Ghanaian Kindergarten children participated during the instructional process were verbal/oral responses, doing exercises and activities, and also using gestures. It was also found that pedagogical attitudes such as pedagogical sensitivity and understanding, discussion and conversation, and rules and management related to children’s participation during the instructional process.
Ghanaian specific culturally relevant ways and practices of interactions between teachers and children were observed in the participant schools. Teachers used silence to convey messages of disapproval to the children, used eyeing to send messages of disapproval, and also used punishments and rewards to either encourage good behavior or stop bad behavior. Singing and dancing, building classroom community, and value on interpersonal connections were also found to be Ghanaian specific culturally relevant ways of interactions that teachers applied to the classroom interactions. All the teachers in the participant schools showed various forms of appreciation to the children as a way of reinforcing their behaviors and also for praise and redirection of attention.
From the findings of the study, the following recommendations are made:
1. Pre service teacher preparation, and teacher education in general should be reorganized so that the contexts in which the teachers operate will then be guided by contextually relevant pedagogy (Young, 2010). Ghana needs a type of pedagogy that will empower teachers intellectually, socially, emotionally, and politically by using cultural referents to impart knowledge, skills, and attitudes (p. 248).
2. The provision of adequate teaching and learning materials would enable teachers engage children more on exercises and activities during the instructional process. The materials would help teachers to provide enough activities to engage the children’s attention during the instructional process.
3. Ghanaian specific culturally relevant ways of interactions between teachers and children must be taught as a course at the University of Cape Coast to help in the preparation of pre-service teachers.
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Camper, Tanya Michele. "The effect of self-operated prompts on leisure participation by persons with mental retardation". FIU Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1988.
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The use of permanent prompts for individuals with severe disabilities has been shown to be effective in acquiring new skills, improving the accuracy and maintenance of existing skills, and in eliminating the need for trainer prompts. However, this technology has not been evaluated for its potential impact in promoting leisure participation. In this study, two men with mental retardation were administered auditory and/or visual prompts to investigate their effect on increasing participation in a leisure activity. In addition, their performance was evaluated to establish whether continuous versus intermittent schedules of the prompts would influence participation. The data were collected using a partial interval observation system and evaluated using a multiple baseline and an alternating treatment design. While both men increased their participation modestly in the leisure activity, there was no substantial difference between the two prompting schedules.
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Gilmore, Michael Richard. "Safety belt promotion at community swimming pools : effects of policy, rewards, prompts, and education /". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05022009-040555/.
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Richard, Marie-Hélène. "Design study of a Compton camera for prompts-gamma imaging during ion beam therapy". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934715.
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Ion beam therapy is an innovative radiotherapy technique using mainly carbon ion and proton irradiations. Its aim is to improve the current treatment modalities. Because of the sharpness of the dose distributions, a control of the dose if possible in real time is highly desirable. A possibility is to detect the prompt gamma rays emitted subsequently to the nuclear fragmentations occurring during the treatment of the patient. In a first time two different Compton cameras (double and single scattering) have been optimised by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The response of the camera to a photon point source with a realistic energy spectrum was studied. Then, the response of the camera to the irradiation of a water phantom by a proton beam was simulated. It was first compared with measurement performed with small-size detectors. Then, using the previous measurements, we evaluated the counting rates expected in clinical conditions. In the current set-up of the camera, these counting rates are pretty high. Pile up and random coincidences will be problematic. Finally we demonstrate that the detection system is capable to detect a longitudinal shift in the Bragg peak of +or- 5 mm, even with the current reconstruction algorithm.
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Chen, Dar-Wei. "Metacognitive prompts and the paper vs. screen debate: how both factors influence reading behavior". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53840.
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As online learning rises in popularity, students are increasingly learning through technology and without regular guidance from teachers. These learning environments differ from traditional classrooms in many ways and deliver different experiences. In this study, participants’ learning environments were manipulated using two independent variables, each with two levels for a total of four conditions: study medium (text was presented either on paper or a screen) and prompt type (text was interspersed with prompts designed either to induce metacognitive processes or to be interacted with non-metacognitively). Ninety-two participants were each assigned to one of the four conditions in a between-subject design, read three expository texts, completed a comprehension test after each text, and responded to a survey at the end of the study. Participants who read text on paper tended to take more notes and spend more time studying than those who read from a screen, but performance was equal between the mediums. Participants receiving metacognitive prompts performed better than non-metacognitive participants on multiple-choice questions with an effect size comparable to those generated by educational interventions in existing literature; however, the performance difference was not statistically significant unless prompt response scores were controlled for. In addition, behavioral differences emerged between metacognitive participants (re-read more) and non-metacognitive participants (summarized more while reading). The results from this study can be used to inform dialogue about technology in classrooms and instructional design.
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West, Elizabeth A. "Fading from teacher prompts to pictorial versus verbal natural cues in children with autism /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7720.
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Chlarson, Kelsey J. "Effects of High-Interest Writing Prompts on Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities by". DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1089.
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Often described as passive learners, students with learning disabilities (LD) sometimes approach writing as a negative and burdensome task. Their reaction may imply that writing requires processes that they find difficult. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which high-interest narrative writing prompts for 12- to 13-year-old students in special education increase accuracy and total words written (TWW) in a 3-min timed writing sample compared to low-interest writing prompts. High-interest writing prompts are story starter topics chosen by each participant as preferred ones for writing tasks. Participants will be three individuals from a sixth- and seventh-grade special education language arts class who have been classified with LD. Initially, participants will select high- and low-interest writing topics using a prompt selection procedure. Given 40 potential writing topics, individual participants will select their 10 highest and lowest topics of interest. Participants completed 20, 3-min timed writing samples based on high- and low-interest narrative writing prompts. High- and low-interest topics were counterbalanced. Percent accuracy, TWW, and correct writing sequences (CWS) were recorded by the researcher. Using a multi-element design, the results confirmed that high-interest writing prompts produced more volume in comparison to low-interest writing prompts. However, results did not show higher accuracy in the high-interest condition. Results are discussed in terms of constructing writing lessons for sixth- and seventh-grade students with LD.
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Picard, Christin [Verfasser], Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] Rauin i Margarete [Akademischer Betreuer] Imhof. "Die Förderung kognitiver Prozesse beim Schreiben mit Prompts / Christin Picard. Gutachter: Udo Rauin ; Margarete Imhof". Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1044772352/34.
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