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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „The Optimum Detection Probabilities”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "The Optimum Detection Probabilities"

Al-Ababneh, Nedal, i Hasan Aldiabat. "Optimum consultation for serial distributed detection systems". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, nr 3 (1.06.2022): 2636. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2636-2644.

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<p>This paper considers a distributed detection system which consists of sensors that are connected in series. The observations of each sensor in this system design are considered to be statistically independent of all other sensors. In contrast to the popular serial decision fusion systems, we assume that consultations are allowed in a serial manner between successive sensors that make up the system. In addition, the paper demonstrates the similarity between the proposed consulting serial system and the optimal serial one in terms of detection probabilities for a give probability of false alarm. However, it should be emphasized that the proposed system has the benefit of conditional nonrandom consultation among the sensors. Consequently, its survivability is higher than that of serial systems. Numerical evaluations for the cases of two and three sensors are provided and compared with those of the serial as well as the centralized schemes.</p>

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Friehe, Tim. "Optimal sanctions and endogeneity of differences in detection probabilities". International Review of Law and Economics 28, nr 2 (czerwiec 2008): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2008.02.004.

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Pateriya, Priyanka, Rakesh Singhai i Piyush Shukla. "Design and Implementation of Optimum LSD Coded Signal Processing Algorithm in the Multiple-Antenna System for the 5G Wireless Technology". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (25.02.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7628814.

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The 5G system requires an optimum coding technique to achieve the high diversity gain, low bit error rate (BER), and low detection complexity. Various coding techniques were developed in recent times for improving the diversity performance of the MIMO systems. Space-time-coding (STC) is used to fulfill the requirement of handling large data flow in the 5G wireless communications. It is highly required to optimize the orthogonal nature of STC. The paper proposed a novel design of the optimum linearly scalable dispersion code (O-LSDC). In this paper, an optimum coefficient-based O-LSDC is designed based on the elementary matrix operations, unitary matrix normalization technique, and coefficient mapping strategy. Mapped coefficients are linearly solved for optimum value estimation. To find the optimum solution of the LSDC codes, five cases of LSDC are defined based on the scaling coefficients and then performance is evaluated against the BER vs. SNR. Evaluating the simulation results in terms of error probabilities for the five different orthonormal LSDC, this work simulates the system for multiple antennas using the Rayleigh fading MIMO system model. Also, evaluating the impact of the proposed LSDC over the BER performance for the varied number of Monte Carlo iterations, then the performance graph is plotted for multiple-antennas system. The proposed O-LSDC under Rayleigh fading channel using the M-PSK modulation enhances the performance of the 5G and beyond communication system in terms of BER and SNR.

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Solodov, A. A. "Optimal Poisson Cognitive System with Markov Learning Model". Open Education 25, nr 6 (27.12.2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2021-6-45-52.

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The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model of the trained Markov cognitive system in the presence of discrete training and interfering random stimuli arising at random times at its input. The research method consists in the application of the simplest Markov learning model of Estes with a stochastic matrix with two states, in which the transition probabilities are calculated in accordance with the optimal Neуman-Pearson algorithm for detecting stimuli affecting the system. The paper proposes a model of the random appearance of images at the input of the cognitive system (in terms of learning theory, these are stimuli to which the system reacts). The model assumes an exponential distribution of the system’s response time to stimuli that is widely used to describe intellectual work, while their number is distributed according to the Poisson law. It is assumed that the cognitive system makes a decision about the presence or absence of a stimulus at its input in accordance with the Neуman-Pearson optimality criterion, i.e. maximizes the probability of correct detection of the stimulus with a fixed probability of false detection. The probabilities calculated in this way are accepted as transition probabilities in the stochastic learning matrix of the system. Thus, the following assumptions are accepted in the work, apparently corresponding to the behavior of the system assuming human reactions, i.e. the cognitive system.The images analyzed by the system arise at random moments of time, while the duration of time between neighboring appearances of images is distributed exponentially.The system analyzes the resulting images and makes a decision about the presence or absence of an image at its input in accordance with the optimal Neуman-Pearson algorithm that maximizes the probability of correct identification of the image with a fixed probability of false identification.The system is trainable in the sense that decisions about the presence or absence of an image are made sequentially on a set of identical situations, and the probability of making a decision depends on the previous decision of the system.The new results of the study are analytical expressions for the probabilities of the system staying in each of the possible states, depending on the number of steps of the learning process and the intensities of useful and interfering stimuli at the input of the system. These probabilities are calculated for an interesting case in which the discreteness of the appearance of stimuli in time is clearly manifested and the corresponding graphs are given. Stationary probabilities are also calculated, i.e. for an infinite number of training steps, the probabilities of the system staying in each of the states and the corresponding graph is presented.In conclusion, it is noted that the presented graphs of the behavior of the trained system correspond to an intuitive idea of the reaction of the cognitive system to the appearance of stimuli. Some possible directions of further research on the topic mentioned in the paper are indicated.

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Schmidt, A., C. Kruse, F. Rottensteiner, U. Soergel i C. Heipke. "NETWORK DETECTION IN RASTER DATA USING MARKED POINT PROCESSES". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (10.06.2016): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-701-2016.

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We propose a new approach for the automatic detection of network structures in raster data. The model for the network structure is represented by a graph whose nodes and edges correspond to junction-points and to connecting line segments, respectively; nodes and edges are further described by certain parameters. We embed this model in the probabilistic framework of marked point processes and determine the most probable configuration of objects by stochastic sampling. That is, different graph configurations are constructed randomly by modifying the graph entity parameters, by adding and removing nodes and edges to/ from the current graph configuration. Each configuration is then evaluated based on the probabilities of the changes and an energy function describing the conformity with a predefined model. By using the Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler, a global optimum of the energy function is determined. We apply our method to the detection of river and tidal channel networks in digital terrain models. In comparison to our previous work, we introduce constraints concerning the flow direction of water into the energy function. Our goal is to analyse the influence of different parameter settings on the results of network detection in both, synthetic and real data. Our results show the general potential of our method for the detection of river networks in different types of terrain.

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Valdez, Jose W., Kaya Klop-Toker, Michelle P. Stockwell, Loren Fardell, Simon Clulow, John Clulow i Michael J. Mahony. "Differences in microhabitat selection patterns between a remnant and constructed landscape following management intervention". Wildlife Research 44, nr 3 (2017): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16172.

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Context Achieving successful conservation outcomes in habitat creation and reintroductions requires an understanding of how species use their habitat and respond to these interventions. However, few initiatives directly compare microhabitat selection between remnant and managed habitats to measure effectiveness and evaluate outcomes. Probability of detection is also rarely included in studies on microhabitat use, which may lead to erroneous conclusions if detectability varies between variables. Methods In this study, we used the endangered green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) to compare differences in microhabitat-use patterns in both a remnant and a constructed habitat. A detectability study was also conducted to determine detection probabilities among microhabitats. Key results Aquatic vegetation was used more than expected in both the remnant and constructed habitats, and rock piles were utilised less than expected in the constructed habitat, despite their recommendation in most habitat templates. We found that detection probabilities altered the outcomes of abundance estimates for nearly all the measured microhabitat variables. Conclusions Future management for this species should focus on providing high proportions of aquatic vegetation. Furthermore, although rock piles have been utilised greatly in past L. aurea habitat creation, placing large rocks on a managed site is expensive and time consuming. Future management initiatives may need to focus on providing smaller proportion of rocks, which would be a more appropriate use of resources. Implications With conservation management projects increasing over the next few decades, understanding habitat use before implementing strategies should be a priority as it will provide important insights and inform decision-making for optimum habitat creation and restoration. Furthermore, accounting for detectability in microhabitat use studies is essential to avoid wrong conclusions that may negatively affect the success of ecological management strategies.

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Yang, Ling, Nathan L. Knight, Yong Li i Chris Rizos. "Optimal Fault Detection and Exclusion Applied in GNSS Positioning". Journal of Navigation 66, nr 5 (17.05.2013): 683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463313000155.

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In Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, it is standard practice to apply the Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) procedure iteratively, in order to exclude all faulty measurements and then ensure reliable positioning results. Since it is often only necessary to consider a single fault in a Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) procedure, it would be ideal if a fault could be correctly identified. Thus, fault detection does not need to be applied in an iterative sense. One way of evaluating whether fault detection needs to be reapplied is to determine the probability of a wrong exclusion. To date, however, limited progress has been made in evaluating such probabilities. In this paper the relationships between different parameters are analysed in terms of the probability of correct and incorrect identification. Using this knowledge, a practical strategy for incorporating the probability of a wrong exclusion into the FDE procedure is developed. The theoretical findings are then demonstrated using a GPS single point positioning example.

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Lubis, Arif Ridho, Santi Prayudani, Muharman Lubis i Al Khowarizmi. "Decision Making in the Tea Leaves Diseases Detection Using Mamdani Fuzzy Inference Method". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, nr 3 (1.12.2018): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1273-1281.

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The tea plants (Camellia Sinensis) are small tree species that use leaves and leaf buds to produce tea harvested through a monoculture system. It is an agriculture practice to cultivate one types of crop or livestock, variety or breed on a farm annually. Moreover, the emergence of pests, pathogens and diseases cause serious damages to tea plants significantly to its productivity and quality to optimum worst. All parts of the tea plant such as leaves, stems, roots, flowers and fruits are exposed to these harm lead to loss of yield 7 until 10% per year. The intensity of these attacks vary greatly on particular climate, the degree slope and the plant material used. Therefore, this study analyzes tea leaves as a common part used in recipes to create unique taste and flavor in tea production, especially in agro-industry. The decision making method used is Fuzzy Mamdani Inference as one of model with functional hierarchy with initial input based on established criteria. Fuzzy logic will provide tolerance to the set of value, so that small changes will not result in significant category differences, only affect the membership level on the variable value. Previous method using probabilities have shown 78% tea leaves have been attacked by category C (Gray Blight) while using Mamdani indicated 86% of tea leaves have been infected. In this case, this result pointed out that Fuzzy Mamdani Inferences have more optimal result compare to the previous method.

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El Jarroudi, Moussa, Louis Kouadio, Clive H. Bock, Mustapha El Jarroudi, Jürgen Junk, Matias Pasquali, Henri Maraite i Philippe Delfosse. "A Threshold-Based Weather Model for Predicting Stripe Rust Infection in Winter Wheat". Plant Disease 101, nr 5 (maj 2017): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1766-re.

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Wheat stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a major threat in most wheat growing regions worldwide, which potentially causes substantial yield losses when environmental conditions are favorable. Data from 1999 to 2015 for three representative wheat-growing sites in Luxembourg were used to develop a threshold-based weather model for predicting wheat stripe rust. First, the range of favorable weather conditions using a Monte Carlo simulation method based on the Dennis model were characterized. Then, the optimum combined favorable weather variables (air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) during the most critical infection period (May-June) was identified and was used to develop the model. Uninterrupted hours with such favorable weather conditions over each dekad (i.e., 10-day period) during May-June were also considered when building the model. Results showed that a combination of relative humidity >92% and 4°C < temperature < 16°C for a minimum of 4 continuous hours, associated with rainfall ≤0.1 mm (with the dekad having these conditions for 5 to 20% of the time), were optimum to the development of a wheat stripe rust epidemic. The model accurately predicted infection events: probabilities of detection were ≥0.90 and false alarm ratios were ≤0.38 on average, and critical success indexes ranged from 0.63 to 1. The method is potentially applicable to studies of other economically important fungal diseases of other crops or in different geographical locations. If weather forecasts are available, the threshold-based weather model can be integrated into an operational warning system to guide fungicide applications.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "The Optimum Detection Probabilities"

CHALAN, BYRON PAUL MAZA. "OPTIMUM GROUP DETECTION IN BLOCK TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20529@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Os sistemas de transmissão em bloco, permitem a transmissão de N símbolos de forma simultânea, seja em modulação de portadora única ou multiportadora. A recepção ótima, no sentido de máxima verossimilhança em canais com multipercursos apresenta um custo computacional elevado de AN, onde A é a ordem da constelação (A igual a 2 para BPSK). Para evitar este alto custo computacional é usual fazer a detecção símbolo a símbolo após a equalização. Nesta dissertação é proposto um receptor com detecção por grupos que apresenta uma complexidade intermediária entre o receptor ótimo e os receptores que utilizam detecção símbolo-a-símbolo em sistemas com transmissão em blocos. O tipo de estrutura idealizada agrupa as componentes do bloco equalizado em grupos e realiza detecção conjunta ótima dos símbolos em cada grupo. Com relação possíveis estratégias de agrupamento foram propostos três métodos, o primeiro método faz uma busca exaustiva pelo agrupamento ótimo e tem como consequência um custo computacional elevado para um número grande de símbolos por bloco. Na procura por algoritmos que evitem uma busca exaustiva pelo agrupamento ótimo, mas que resultem em bons ganhos de desempenho, e a sua aplicação em sistemas com um número elevado de símbolos por bloco, foram propostos dois métodos de agrupamento sub-ótimos e eficientes, cujos receptores apresentaram ganhos de desempenho apreciáveis quando comparados ao receptor convencional.
Block transmission systems allow transmissions of N symbols simultaneously, with single carrier or multi-carrier modulation. Maximum likelihood optimal reception in multipath channels have a high computational cost of AN, where A is the constellation order (A iqual 2 for BPSK). To avoid this cost is usual to make symbol-by-symbol detection after equalization. In this work we propose a receiver with group detection that has a good tradeof between computation complexity and bit error rate performance. The idealized structure groups the components of the equalized block in sub-blocks and does optimal joint detection of the symbols in each sub-block. With relation to possible grouping strategies three methods were proposed. The first one searchs for an optimal grouping and has, as a consequence, a high computational cost for block with a large number of symbols. Sub-optimal efficient algorithms that avoid the exhaustive search for the optimal grouping but show good performance gains and feasible application in systems with large number of symbols per block were proposed. The resulted receivers achieved substantial performance gain in comparison with the conventional symbol-by-symbol receiver.

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Williams, Branson D. "Estimating Detection Probabilities in Beach Seine Surveys for Estuarine Fishes". W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617892.

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Detectability, the probability that a species is encountered if it inhabits a site, is often overlooked in fisheries research despite its potential to obscure habitat use inferences. Detectability can be estimated using models that also provide an estimate of occupancy (Ψ), the probability that a species inhabits a site. I used these models to estimate both probabilities, and to examine factors affecting detectability and occupancy for three fishes in Chesapeake Bay tributaries: young-of-the-year striped bass (Morone saxatilis), yearling Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), and spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius). Occupancy models were fitted to data from a seine survey conducted during summer, 2008 and 2009, in two Chesapeake Bay tributaries. Key assumptions of occupancy models relate to the extent and timing of fish movement: sites are independent, and no site-specific emigration or immigration occurs. A mark-recapture study of striped bass, and previously published studies of Atlantic croaker and spottail shiner, suggested that these assumptions were reasonable. Detectability differed among species and variation was explained by both gear-related and environmental factors. Effective net length (i.e., the distance from shore the seine was deployed) explained variation in detectability for all species; generally, when the effective seine length exceeded 12 m, detectability was higher and less variable. Detectability varied from early to late summer for Atlantic croaker and spottail shiner but not for striped bass. This variation may be attributed to increased net avoidance by Atlantic croaker during late summer and increased relative abundance of spottail shiner due to recruitment of individuals to the gear. Occupancy of striped bass and Atlantic croaker, both of which are transient species, was high (Ψ>0.80), whereas the resident spottail shiner occupied fewer sites (Ψ=0.59±0.21; mean±SE) and occupancy varied by river (ΨMattaponi=0.36±0.11; ΨPamunkey=0.82±0.10). Occupancy models are useful to identify factors affecting detectability of fishes captured by seines in Chesapeake Bay tributaries, but other fisheries studies would benefit from sampling design modifications that maximize detectability and improve habitat-use inferences.

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Bailey, Larissa Lynn. "Estimating detection probabilities for terrestrial salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park". Connect to this title online, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08022002-111548/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Chi, Ying. "Calculating posterior probabilities for EM induction landmine detection using MCMC with thermodynamic integration /". Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2005. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?RQT=305&querySyntax=PQ&searchInterface=1&moreOptState=CLOSED&TS=1184862704&h_pubtitle=&h_pmid=&clientId=22256&JSEnabled=1&SQ=chi%2C+ying&DBId=21651&date=ALL&onDate=&beforeDate=&afterDate=&fromDate=&toDate=&TITLE=&author=&SCH=&subject=&LA=any&MTYPE=all&sortby=REVERSE_CHRON&x=0&y=0.

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Terletzky, Patricia A. "Utilizing Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques to Determine Detection Probabilities of Large Mammals". DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1760.

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Whether a species is rare and requires protection or is overabundant and needs control, an accurate estimate of population size is essential for the development of conservation plans and management goals. Wildlife censuses in remote locations or over extensive areas are logistically difficult, frequently biased, and time consuming. My dissertation examined various techniques to determine the probability of detecting animals using remotely sensed imagery. We investigated four procedures that integrated unsupervised classification, texture characteristics, spectral enhancements, and image differencing to identify and count animals in remotely sensed imagery. The semi-automated processes had relatively high errors of over-counting (i.e., greater than 60%) in contrast to low (i.e. less than 19%) under-counting errors. The single-day image differencing had over-counting errors of 53% while the manual interpretation had over-counting errors of 19%. The probability of detection indicates the ability of a process or analyst to detect animals in an image or during an aerial wildlife survey and can adjust total counts to estimate the size of a population. The probabilities of detecting an animal in remotely sensed imagery with semi-automated techniques, single-day image differencing, or manual interpretation were high (e.g. ≥ 80%). Single-day image differencing resulted in the highest probability of detection suggesting this method could provide a new technique for managers to estimate animal populations, especially in open, grassland habitats. Remotely sensed imagery can be successfully used to identify and count animals in isolated or remote areas and improve management decisions. Sightability models, used to estimate population abundances, are derived from count data and the probability of detecting an animal during a census. Global positioning systems (GPS) radio-collared bison in the Henry Mountains of south-central Utah provided a unique opportunity to examine remotely sensed physiographic and survey characteristics for known occurrences of double-counted and missed animals. Bison status (detected, missed, or double-counted) was determined by intersecting helicopter survey paths with bison travel paths during annual helicopter surveys. The probability of detecting GPS-collared bison during the survey ranged from 91% in 2011 to 88% in 2012.

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Sullivan, Michael R. "Leak detection in gas transmission pipelines". Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/881.

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This dissertation applies a commercial flow simulation software package together with common signal processing techniques to the task of accurately detecting leakage in a large commercial gas pipeline. The techniques developed significantly improved the ability to produce accurate, reliable and stable leak detection predictions for the gas transmission pipeline studied and can be applied generally to other pipelines as well. Recommendations for minimum pipeline requirements to implement successful leak detection are also detailed. There are several commercial software packages available that perform some form of leak detection via system modelling. However, due to the commercial aspects of these products, vendors do not publish the detailed methods of leak detection. This thesis identifies the fundamental techniques required to have accurate and reliable leak detection on a gas transmission pipeline, whilst taking into account the lack of measurement data typically encountered on most gas pipelines. The investigation confirmed that a mass balance technique could be successfully used to produce stable leak detection results for compressible flow in gas transmission pipelines. This leak detection [using mass balance] can be achieved without flow measurement along the pipeline, instead, using only pressure and temperature measurements. Although it is recognized that flow measurement data will greatly improve the ability to detect leaks, the focus of this work is on pipelines where this flow measurement data at intermediate points along the pipeline is not available. It was also demonstrated the reliability of the leak detection was improved by the application of on-line signal processing techniques at various stages of the data processing.It was clear early into the investigation that the majority of the errors within the leak detection model were created by random errors from the input field data. These non-systematic errors from the measurement data that included pressure and temperature, produced interference with model output. This interference resembled random “white” noise that was removed by a combination of well established data filtering techniques. The most appropriate process of calculating leak detection flow was determined after analysing the results of different techniques applied to large quantities of actual pipeline operating data. The validation of the on-line techniques developed provides a valuable resource for those wishing to implement similar leak detection schemes elsewhere. Furthermore a software environment was chosen which incorporated an open input and output platform for data that could be interfaced with any operating system. Therefore these techniques can be applied to the numerous Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems in operation throughout the gas transmission industry, to provide a low cost solution to leak monitoring.

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Tidström, Lina. "Estimation of Probabilities of Detection for Cracks in Pipes in Swedish Nuclear Power Plants". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121427.

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Oymak, Okan. "Sample size determination for estimation of sensor detection probabilities based on a test variable". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FOymak.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Lyn R. Whitaker. "June 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96). Also available in print.

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Uriarte, Toboso Alain. "Optimum Ordering for Coded V-BLAST". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23509.

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The optimum ordering strategies for the coded V-BLAST system with capacity achieving temporal codes on each stream are studied in this thesis. Mathematical representations of the optimum detection ordering strategies for the coded V-BLAST under instantaneous rate allocation (IRA), uniform power/rate allocation (URA), instantaneous power allocation(IPA) and instantaneous power/rate allocation (IPRA) are derived. For two transmit antennas, it is shown that the optimum detection strategies are based on the per-stream before-processing channel gains. Based on approximations of the per-stream capacity equation, closed-form expressions of the optimal ordering strategy under the IRA at low and high signal to noise ratio (SNR) are derived. Necessary optimality conditions under the IRA are given. Thresholds for the low, intermediate and high SNR regimes in the 2-Tx-antenna system under the IPRA are determined, and the SNR gain of the ordering is studied for each regime. Performances of simple suboptimal ordering strategies are analysed, some of which perform very close to the optimum one.

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Sullivan, Michael R. "Leak detection in gas transmission pipelines". Curtin University of Technology, School of Engineering, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15189.

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This dissertation applies a commercial flow simulation software package together with common signal processing techniques to the task of accurately detecting leakage in a large commercial gas pipeline. The techniques developed significantly improved the ability to produce accurate, reliable and stable leak detection predictions for the gas transmission pipeline studied and can be applied generally to other pipelines as well. Recommendations for minimum pipeline requirements to implement successful leak detection are also detailed. There are several commercial software packages available that perform some form of leak detection via system modelling. However, due to the commercial aspects of these products, vendors do not publish the detailed methods of leak detection. This thesis identifies the fundamental techniques required to have accurate and reliable leak detection on a gas transmission pipeline, whilst taking into account the lack of measurement data typically encountered on most gas pipelines. The investigation confirmed that a mass balance technique could be successfully used to produce stable leak detection results for compressible flow in gas transmission pipelines. This leak detection [using mass balance] can be achieved without flow measurement along the pipeline, instead, using only pressure and temperature measurements. Although it is recognized that flow measurement data will greatly improve the ability to detect leaks, the focus of this work is on pipelines where this flow measurement data at intermediate points along the pipeline is not available. It was also demonstrated the reliability of the leak detection was improved by the application of on-line signal processing techniques at various stages of the data processing.
It was clear early into the investigation that the majority of the errors within the leak detection model were created by random errors from the input field data. These non-systematic errors from the measurement data that included pressure and temperature, produced interference with model output. This interference resembled random “white” noise that was removed by a combination of well established data filtering techniques. The most appropriate process of calculating leak detection flow was determined after analysing the results of different techniques applied to large quantities of actual pipeline operating data. The validation of the on-line techniques developed provides a valuable resource for those wishing to implement similar leak detection schemes elsewhere. Furthermore a software environment was chosen which incorporated an open input and output platform for data that could be interfaced with any operating system. Therefore these techniques can be applied to the numerous Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems in operation throughout the gas transmission industry, to provide a low cost solution to leak monitoring.

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Książki na temat "The Optimum Detection Probabilities"

Forrest, R. N. A program to compute magnetic anomaly detection probabilities. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1988.

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Forrest, R. N. A program to compute electric anomaly detection probabilities. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1988.

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Forrest, R. N. A program to compute magnetic anomaly detection probabilities. Wyd. 2. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990.

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Trees, Harry L. Van. Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Optimum Array Processing, Part IV. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2005.

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Divsalar, Dariush. Multiple symbol differential detection of uncoded and trellis coded MPSK. Pasadena, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1990.

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Festa, Roberto. Optimum inductive methods: A study in inductive probability, Bayesian statistics, and verisimilitude. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

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Trees, Harry L. Van. Optimum Array Processing (Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part IV). Wiley-Interscience, 2002.

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Trees, Harry L. Van. Optimum Array Processing: Part IV of Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2002.

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Trees, Harry L. Van. Optimum Array Processing: Part IV of Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Festa, R. Optimum Inductive Methods: A Study in Inductive Probability, Bayesian Statistics, and Verisimilitude. Springer, 2010.

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Części książek na temat "The Optimum Detection Probabilities"

Festa, Roberto. "The Theory of Inductive Probabilities: Basic Features and Applications". W Optimum Inductive Methods, 13–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8131-8_2.

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Festa, Roberto. "The Choice of Prior Probabilities: The Subjective, Aprioristic, and Contextual Approaches". W Optimum Inductive Methods, 75–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8131-8_7.

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Hauser, C. E., G. E. Garrard i J. L. Moore. "Estimating detection rates and probabilities." W Biosecurity surveillance: quantitative approaches, 151–66. Wallingford: CABI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780643595.0151.

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Song, Iickho, Jinsoo Bae i Sun Yong Kim. "Locally Optimum Detection of Known Signals". W Advanced Theory of Signal Detection, 59–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04859-7_2.

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Song, Iickho, Jinsoo Bae i Sun Yong Kim. "Locally Optimum Detection of Random Signals". W Advanced Theory of Signal Detection, 85–121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04859-7_3.

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Song, Iickho, Jinsoo Bae i Sun Yong Kim. "Locally Optimum Detection of Composite Signals". W Advanced Theory of Signal Detection, 123–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04859-7_4.

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Kassam, Saleem A. "Optimum Data Quantization in Signal Detection". W Communications and Networks, 72–110. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4904-7_5.

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Slobodinskaia, T. V. "The detection probabilities in simultaneous pursuit games". W System Modelling and Optimization, 521–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035501.

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Sasaki, Masahide, i Osamu Hirota. "Unitary Control Process for Quantum Optimum Detection". W Quantum Communication, Computing, and Measurement, 269–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5923-8_29.

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Momose, R., M. Sasaki i O. Hirota. "Physical Interpretation of Optimum Quantum Detection Operators". W Quantum Communication, Computing, and Measurement, 289–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5923-8_31.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "The Optimum Detection Probabilities"

Flynn, Eric, i Michael Todd. "Optimal Sensor Placement for Active Sensing". W ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-439.

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We present a novel approach for optimal actuator and sensor placement for active sensing-based structural health monitoring (SHM). Of particular interest is the optimization of actuator-sensor arrays making use of Lamb wave propagation for detecting damage in thin plate-like structures. Using a detection theory framework, we establish the optimum configuration as the minimization of the expected percentage of the structure to show type I or type II error during the damage detection process. The detector incorporates a statistical model of the active sensing process which implements both pulse-echo and pitch-catch actuation schemes and takes into account line of site and non-uniform damage probabilities. The optimization space was searched using a genetic algorithm with a time varying mutation rate. We provide four example actuator/sensor placement scenarios and the optimal solutions as generated by the algorithm.

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Siewert, Christoph, Rudie P. J. Kunnen, Matthias Meinke i Wolfgang Schröder. "On the Collision Detection for Ellipsoidal Particles in Turbulence". W ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21982.

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Collisions of small and heavy non-spherical particles settling in a turbulent environment are very important to various fields of physics and engineering. However, in contrast to spherical particles the collision probabilities are virtually unknown. In this study we focus on a very important condition for the numerical determination of collision probabilities: the collision detection. We discuss the need for efficient strategies to narrow down the number of possible collision pairs and compare three collision detection methods for ellipsoidal particles. We derive an analytical formula for the collision probability in the case of gravitational settling and validate the collision detection methods with this. Finally, we present statistics of the accuracy and efficiency of the methods. For the case of ellipsoidal particles in turbulence we find that the continuous collision detection with neglected rotation within a time step is the optimal trade-off between accuracy and efficiency.

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Buermann, Jan, i Jie Zhang. "Multi-Robot Adversarial Patrolling Strategies via Lattice Paths". W Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/582.

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In full-knowledge multi-robot adversarial patrolling, a group of robots have to detect an adversary who knows the robots' strategy. The adversary can easily take advantage of any deterministic patrolling strategy, which necessitates the employment of a randomised strategy. While the Markov decision process has been the dominant methodology in computing the penetration detection probabilities, we apply enumerative combinatorics to characterise the penetration detection probabilities. It allows us to provide the closed formulae of these probabilities and facilitates characterising optimal random defence strategies. Comparing to iteratively updating the Markov transition matrices, our methods significantly reduces the time and space complexity of solving the problem. We use this method to tackle four penetration configurations.

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Schwall, Matthew L., i J. Christian Gerdes. "Automotive Diagnostic Decisions Using Probabilistic Information". W ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82169.

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Safety, emissions, and driver demands all require progressively better automotive fault detection, identification, and recovery (FDIR). Probabilistic diagnostics represents an effective way of improving fault detection and identification even as vehicle complexity increases. This paper presents a method for making decisions based on fault probabilities, so that these advances can enable more effective fault recovery. The decision maker’s goal is to choose a set of actions that minimizes risks resulting from faults, and this requires analyzing the temporal behavior of the faults and actions. Using a vehicle’s stability control system as an example, a method is presented for modeling these dynamics and determining the optimal decision strategy. Most calculations can be performed off line and stored, enabling efficient real-time decision making. The paper concludes by presenting the optimal decision strategy for the vehicle example.

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Lillicrap, D., A. R. Giles, J. J. A. Holden i B. N. White. "THE RELATIVE EFFICACY OF GENETIC ANALYSIS AND COAGULATION TESTING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CARRIERS OF HEMOPHILIA A". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644010.

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This study has assessed the relative benefits of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage and coagulation testing in the diagnosis of carriers of hemophilia A. 221 samples from 55 families have been studied for intragenic and flanking RFLPs. All samples were tested for the Factor VIII intragenic Bell RFLP and for the flanking marker St 14. 83% of obligate carrier females were heterozygous at oneor both of these two polymorphicsites. However, only38% of these women were heterozygous at the intragenic site and might safely be offered prenatal diagnosis using this marker for the hemophilia mutation. Carrier diagnosis was obtained in 52% of 81 potential carriers tested. Diagnosis wasbased on intragenic RFLP information in only 48% of these cases. Genetic diagnosis was possible in 27 atrisk women from families with no prior history of hemophilia. Four of these women were diagnosed as carriers on the basis of a gross Factor VIII gene deletion and the remaining 23 women were identified as non-carriers by the Bell (11) and Stl4 (12) RFLP data. 39 women remained undiagnosed after gene analysis studies. 23 of these women were female relatives of sporadic hemophiliacs and thus RFLP segregation analysis was inappropriate. A further 9 potential carriers were undiagnosed because of homozygosity in key individuals in their families. In 31 potential carriers we have quantitated Factor VIII:C (one stage assay) and vWf:Ag (Laurell and ELISA) and derived probabilities for carrier status. In 3 women there was conflicting genetic and coagulation data. Meanwhile, in 12 undiagnosed women from sporadic families, carrier diagnostic probabilities of > 0.9 were obtained. These studies indicate that optimal carrier detection for hemophilia A requires more intragenic and closely linked RFLPs and the continuance of coagulation testing to assist women from sporadic families.

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Goldstein, Adam, i B. Keith Jenkins. "Optical probability density function estimation for real-time pattern classification". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thq3.

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We present a design for the optical implementation of a Bayes classifier using the Parzen window probability density estimation technique. The system can also be configured, with simple hardware modifications, as a k-nearest-neighbor classifier. Both versions are asymptotically optimal in the limit of large training set size, in that the probability of classification error asymptotically approaches the Bayes lower limit. This system is fully optical in both the training and computation phases, with no need for off-line electronic calculations. The classifier is trained by holographically storing all available prototype patterns, which are recorded in sequence via an input spatial light modulator. A second holographic step results in a plane of frequency-multiplexed training images on which the unclassified input pattern is imaged. A resulting set of inner products (between the input and each prototype pattern), followed by optical thresholding and integration, yields an array of estimated class-conditional a posteriori probabilities. Classification is achieved with a maximum detection stage. Theoretical and practical limitations of the system will be assessed in order to determine how closely it can approximate the optimal Bayes classifier.

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Moritz, Timo, Marc Baumeister i Thomas Beuker. "Utilization of a Probabilistic Function to Describe the Performance of In-Line Crack Inspection Systems and a Possible Application in Hydrogen Service". W 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87668.

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Abstract A more result-driven, holistic view on the performance of an In-line inspection (ILI) system is desired by pipeline operators, namely an integrated view on the Probabilities of Detection, Identification and Sizing, i.e. POD, POI and POS respectively. It is self-evident to combine the product of the individual probabilities to a single value POX as proposed also by API 1163. The changes in material properties of existing pipelines related to the repurposing to Hydrogen service yields smaller acceptable anomaly dimension. Consequently the dependency of the POX vs. anomaly dimensions need to be considered as function. The current practice to document the performance of an ILI system is typically based only on the specific dimensions of minimum detectable crack-like anomaly. In the case of crack-like anomalies, the contribution of the dimensions (e.g. length, depth, orientation) and interactions of crack-like anomalies can be used to turn POX into a meaningful function/dependency depending on the anomaly dimensions instead of a single value. To establish a POX to anomaly dimension relation successfully for a specific ILI crack detection service, the relevance of field verifications needs to be taken into account as well. Previous publications as well as physics foundations of NDE demonstrate that an increase in anomaly dimensions typically yields a higher sensitivity of the underlying inspection system. This can be immediately linked to the POX function as product of POD, POI and POS. This paper provides access to an in-depth assessment of POX based on the results of recent field verification data. The paper focuses on the interaction between POX and different anomaly dimensions. This is supported by the most commonly applied standard for in-line inspection, API 1163, which implies the validation of inspection performance with use of field verifications based on the reported results. In addition, a performance specification can be derived exclusively based on a field verification campaign, in the absence of other comparable performance information. As an example, as part of a conversion of natural gas transmission pipelines to hydrogen service the sensitivity of inspection systems is frequently discussed. A potentially increased crack growth rate da/dN and a reduction in pipe steel toughness seem to require a reduction of minimum acceptable anomaly dimensions, in the absence of better statistical evidence of the actual ILI performance. The proposed POX assessment will be a credible means to establish optimal re-inspection intervals for existing in-line crack inspection technologies.

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Ryan, D. J., I. V. L. Clarkson i I. B. Collings. "Detection error probabilities in noncoherent channels". W Proceedings. International Symposium on Information Theory, 2005. ISIT 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2005.1523409.

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Kastella, Keith D. "Joint multitarget probabilities for detection and tracking". W AeroSense '97, redaktorzy Michael K. Masten i Larry A. Stockum. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.277194.

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Bahnsen, Alejandro Correa, Aleksandar Stojanovic, Djamila Aouada i Björn Ottersten. "Improving Credit Card Fraud Detection with Calibrated Probabilities". W Proceedings of the 2014 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611973440.78.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "The Optimum Detection Probabilities"

Ucci, Donald R., William E. Jacklin i Myron R. Mychal. Robust Locally Optimum Detection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, lipiec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada314854.

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Forrest, R. N. A Program to Compute Electric Anomaly Detection Probabilities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, październik 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201034.

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Mychal, Myron R., i Donald R. Ucci. Robust Locally Optimum Detection in Auto-Regressive Noise. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada369115.

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Hill, S. C. Modeling single molecule detection probabilities in microdroplets. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491483.

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Hill, S. C. Modeling single molecule detection probabilities in microdroplets. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/206995.

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Tardiff, Mark F., Stephen J. Walsh, Kevin K. Anderson i Lawrence Chilton. Predicting detection probabilities for gas mixtures over HSI backgrounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000179.

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Forrest, R. N. A Program to Compute Magnetic Anomaly Detection Probabilities. Revision 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225427.

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Peterson, James T. On the Estimation of Detection Probabilities for Sampling Stream-Dwelling Fishes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/783958.

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Sheen, David M., i Pam M. Aker. Modeling LIDAR Detection of Biological Aerosols to Determine Optimum Implementation Strategy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1074333.

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Gazze, Chris, Sukesh Aghara, Ian Bleeker, Lohith Annadevula, Ahmad Nofal, Logan Joyce, James Porcello, Katherine Bachner i Jose Gomera. Stochastic Approaches for Calculating and Aggregating Detection Probabilities for Nuclear Material Diversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561261.

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