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1
Bosma-Donovan, Elizabeth. "Compassionate economics, local employment trading systems (LETS) towards alternative economic relationships". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/MQ45863.pdf.
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2
Tsouri, Maria. "Knowledge Networks in Emerging ICT Regional Innovation Systems: An Explorative Study of the Knowledge Network of Trentino ICT Innovation System". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368732.
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Although the last thirty years Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) received great attention by policy makers, only during the last decade social networks were applied in the fields of innovation and regional economics. The majority of the existing empirical studies on networks adopt a static point of view, representing a regional knowledge network at a certain point in time, while there are few recent attempts exploring the evolution of knowledge networks and the dynamics that drive it. The present work aims at covering some of the gaps in the literature, using the dataset on collaborative projects from the ICT activity in Trentino. It introduces an original multidimensional framework to analyze the knowledge flows inside, from within and towards the regional network. It also identifies the key actors inside the region and describes their role in knowledge creation and diffusion. Concerning the spatial and temporal evolution of the knowledge networks, this thesis investigates the preferences of the economic actors operating inside regional networks, in terms of shared characteristics, while it explores the dynamics developed through time by the behavior of economic agents during high and low certainty periods, contributing to the inertia and the resilience of the regional knowledge network. The present research is the first that introduces Social Network Analysis (SNA) using data on knowledge transfer from Trentino, considering the entire universe of actors involved in the regional ICT knowledge network for the last fifteen years, and allocating it to an original multidimensional framework, in order to reveal the value of the knowledge network per se, and the impact of the regional policies on the network and not on the output of the innovation process. On the spatial evolution of networks, it explores in depth the preferences of the actors of a regional knowledge network, in order to make it more solid through strong collaborations. It proves that the effect of every kind of proximity or distance is different, while it introduces the measure of relational proximity, exploring the effect of the position of an actor inside the knowledge network in relation with the rest of the actors. However, the major finding of this thesis is the introduction of the temporal aspect in the evolution of the regional knowledge network, and the exploration of the agent behavior during periods of uncertainty. The introduction in the network evolution of an external negative event, like economic crisis, allows the deduction of useful conclusions on how the actors behave in terms of trust and collaboration creation.
3
Tsouri, Maria. "Knowledge Networks in Emerging ICT Regional Innovation Systems: An Explorative Study of the Knowledge Network of Trentino ICT Innovation System". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2005/1/declaration.pdf.
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Although the last thirty years Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) received great attention by policy makers, only during the last decade social networks were applied in the fields of innovation and regional economics. The majority of the existing empirical studies on networks adopt a static point of view, representing a regional knowledge network at a certain point in time, while there are few recent attempts exploring the evolution of knowledge networks and the dynamics that drive it. The present work aims at covering some of the gaps in the literature, using the dataset on collaborative projects from the ICT activity in Trentino. It introduces an original multidimensional framework to analyze the knowledge flows inside, from within and towards the regional network. It also identifies the key actors inside the region and describes their role in knowledge creation and diffusion. Concerning the spatial and temporal evolution of the knowledge networks, this thesis investigates the preferences of the economic actors operating inside regional networks, in terms of shared characteristics, while it explores the dynamics developed through time by the behavior of economic agents during high and low certainty periods, contributing to the inertia and the resilience of the regional knowledge network. The present research is the first that introduces Social Network Analysis (SNA) using data on knowledge transfer from Trentino, considering the entire universe of actors involved in the regional ICT knowledge network for the last fifteen years, and allocating it to an original multidimensional framework, in order to reveal the value of the knowledge network per se, and the impact of the regional policies on the network and not on the output of the innovation process. On the spatial evolution of networks, it explores in depth the preferences of the actors of a regional knowledge network, in order to make it more solid through strong collaborations. It proves that the effect of every kind of proximity or distance is different, while it introduces the measure of relational proximity, exploring the effect of the position of an actor inside the knowledge network in relation with the rest of the actors. However, the major finding of this thesis is the introduction of the temporal aspect in the evolution of the regional knowledge network, and the exploration of the agent behavior during periods of uncertainty. The introduction in the network evolution of an external negative event, like economic crisis, allows the deduction of useful conclusions on how the actors behave in terms of trust and collaboration creation.
4
Thompson, David R. M. "The positronic economist : a computational system for analyzing economic mechanisms". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52868.
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A mechanism is a formal protocol for collective decision making among self-interested agents. Mechanisms model many important social processes from auctions to elections. They are also widely studied in computer science: the participants in real-world mechanisms are often autonomous software systems (e.g., algorithmic bidding and trading agents), and algorithmic problems (e.g., job scheduling) give rise to mechanisms when users have competing interests.
Strategic behavior (or "gaming") poses a major obstacle to understanding mechanisms. Although real-world mechanisms are often fairly simple functions (consider, e.g., plurality voting), a mechanism's outcome depends on both this function and on agents' strategic choices. Game theory provides a principled means for analyzing such choices. Unfortunately, game theoretic analysis is a difficult process requiring either human effort or very large amounts of computation.
My thesis is that mechanism analysis can be done computationally, due to recent advances in compact representations of games. Compact representation is possible when a game's description has a suitable independence structure. Exploiting this structure can exponentially decrease the space required to represent games, and exponentially decrease the time required to analyze them.
The contributions of my thesis revolve around showing that the relevant kinds of structure (specifically, the structure exploited by action-graph games) are present in important mechanisms of interest. Specifically, I studied two major classes of mechanisms, position auctions (as used for internet advertising) and voting rules. In both cases, I was able to provide exponential improvements in the space and time complexity of analysis, and to use those improvements to address important open questions in the literature. I also introduced a new algorithm for analyzing action-graph games, with faster empirical performance and additional benefits over the previous state-of-the-art. Finally, I created the Positronic Economist system, which consists of a python-based descriptive language for mechanism games, with automatic discovery of computationally useful structure.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
5
Echarres, Lesly María Mejía. "Introduction to the Shadow Banking System". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63683.
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Echarres, Lesly María Mejía. "Introduction to the Shadow Banking System". Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63683.
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Winarto, Vincentius. "Small business entrepreneurs in vertical marketing systems". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4156.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the potential
contribution of vertical marketing systems to the
development of small business entrepreneurs and in
particular to entrepreneurially disadvantaged groups. The
following are the two major questions for this study:
1. Do vertical linkage systems serve as a pathway for the
entrepreneurially disadvantaged groups, namely those
with no entrepreneurial experience, from families without
business background, and from indigenous ethnic groups?
The modernization process in Third World countries, and
in particular Indonesia, may create a widening gap
between the modern and the traditional sectors. Vertical
relationship systems with their unique characteristics
(e. g. a symbiotic relationship between large and small
business operation) may contribute towards reducing this
gap through developing the entrepreneurially
disadvantaged groups into business careers.
2. Do vertical relationships accomodatb, independent
entrepreneurs?
It is assumed that independent entrepreneurs can perform
better entrepreneurial functions than those
"entrepreneurs" who are constrained by external power.
There are doubts whether the vertical relationship,
characterized by a large firm's dominant role, can
accomodate independent entrepreneurs.
This study reveals that despite many problems and
limitations a tight-control type of vertical marketing
system can serve as a pathway for individuals from
entrepreneurially disadvantaged groups to become successful
modern-type entrepreneurs. The performance of these
disadvantaged groups is equal to that of other different
groups. Also, independent entrepreneurs exist in all the
vertical marketing systems studied.
8
Venetis, Ioannis A. "Essays on the estimation of fractionally cointegrated systems". Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364513.
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Kigozi, Jesse B. L. "The economics of back pain : alternative approaches to productivity cost estimation in economic evaluation of healthcare". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4849/.
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The thesis investigates approaches to estimating productivity costs in economic evaluation, focusing on application of the friction cost approach (FCA) using low-back pain as a case study. Individual studies of validating a Single-Item Presenteeism Question (SIPQ), estimation of the friction period by occupation in the United Kingdom (UK), and comparison of sickness certification records with self-reported data are reported. Further, the thesis explores the impact of the approaches on cost-effectiveness estimates using the FCA. Results suggest SIPQ is a valid and responsive measure, and that self-reported data provides more complete data than sickness certification records. Stratified friction periods estimates were used in the FCA approach to generate absenteeism costs. This is the first time the FCA is used in a cost-effectiveness study to report productivity costs, presenteeism, compensation mechanisms and multiplier effects in UK. In this case study, consideration of full productivity costs and applying detailed friction periods did not alter interpretation of the cost-effectiveness estimates. Further testing of these approaches in the UK is required, considering growing evidence and merit for accurate estimates of productivity costs. Overall, the research contributes to methods for assessing productivity in economic evaluation, and further illustrates the feasibility of using them in the UK.
10
Al, Muzaini A. A. A. "The system of taxation and Zakat in Kuwait". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376487.
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Jiang, Boke. "China's dual exchange rate system : its origin, problems and unification". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334046.
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Vertova, Giovanna. "Historical evolution of national systems of innovation and national technological specialisation". Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263064.
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Narsey, W. L. "A reinterpretation of the history and theory of colonial currency systems". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383530.
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Taranenko, Y. V. "Ecological and economical aspects of the development of the socio-and-economic system". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21509.
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Lim, Chaisung. "Sectoral systems of innovation : the case of the Korean machine tool industry". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264073.
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Psaradakis, Zacharias. "Econometric modelling in systems of cointegrated variables : applications to the Greek economy". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315507.
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Rizk, Charbel Maroun. "The economics of investing in green buildings". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59264.
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Thesis (S.M. in System Design and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-147).
This thesis discusses economics of green buildings. The need to reduce greenhouse gases emissions became clear. Buildings account for a large part of the greenhouse gases emissions, changing the atmosphere's composition. Climate changes will be unevenly distributed between regions; in early stages they might be beneficial for few but will eventually end up being costly for all. Several worldwide rating systems were established with a common objective to determine metrics for measuring a building's performance and minimizing environmental footprint. In this research we selected LEED-NC version 2.2 by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) for our analysis. V-2.2 consists of a set of credits distributed in categories. We identified credit's requirements and analyzed their impact on cost and environment. We supported our analysis by looking into cost and benefit studies performed by different organizations, and summarized our findings in providing heuristics on green buildings. Finally, a major take away from this research project is that there are numerous factors affecting difficulty of achieving, cost, and benefits of LEED credits. In addition to that, the correlation between credits and the large number of combinations to qualify for LEED certification levels, make it unreasonable to generalize about the incremental cost for any certification level.
by Charbel Maroun Rizk.
S.M.in System Design and Management
18
Balasubramaniam, Anitha. "Financial modeling of new product development economics". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90707.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-86).
Product design and development is a complex process that involves extensive engineering considerations as well as management decisions based on the overall vision for the product. Traditionally, most decision making in product development is experienced based and intuitive. With increased scrutiny on cost and a need for greater speed to market, product development processes have been continuously streamlined to become more efficient. Therefore, firms are now required to carefully plan and allocate their resources to effectively respond to market needs. In this thesis, illustrated using a case study of a Nespresso coffee product line, a framework is presented to capture and analyze the financial factors relating to the profitability of a product development project. The methodology can assist product managers better understand the financial aspects of product development and help make more effective and objective project decisions. It can also help companies manage their product portfolio decision making process and prepare for new opportunities.
by Anitha Balasubramaniam.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
19
Spangenberg, Sabine. "The institutionalised transformation of the East German economy : a system-theoretical approach". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387435.
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El-Ashker, A. A. F. "The financial policies of the productive enterprise in the Islamic economic system". Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372547.
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Birks, D. F. "The development of a marketing information system in a charitable housing association". Thesis, University of Salford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381561.
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Graham, Mark Charles. "Economics of crime and punishment : with reference to the Scottish criminal justice system". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23945.
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Al-Hajeri, Sharifa. "The econometrics of demand systems with special reference to commodity group data for Bahrain". Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26515/.
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The mam objective of this study is to estimate the demand relationships among commodity groups using Bahrain quarterly time series data for the period 1979- 98. Three main demand systems are presented and estimated, namely the Linear Expenditure Demand System (LES) which was introduced by Kelin-Rubin (1946-47) and developed by Stone (1953-54), the Rotterdam System (RM) which was introduced by Theil (1965) and Barten (1966), and the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) introduced by Deaton and Muellbauer (1980). Also, the variables reflecting the effects of habit on purchases are incorporated into three main demand systems. Model selection procedures are applied to select the best model to reflect the Bahrain data. Based on procedures, the static Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LAVAIDS) is selected among other static demand systems, namely, the linear expenditure demand system and the Rotterdam system models. The selection is based on average information criterion. However the dynamic LAYAIDS is selected over its static counterpart and recommended for the future application for Bahrain data. The selection is based on the likelihood ratio test. Further, the dynamic LAVAIDS satisfies all the restrictions implied by demand theory. All the compensated own price elasticities are negative as expected and the expenditure elasticity classifies the food & beverage, clothing & footwear,housing, and transportation as necessity products, while the other commodity group is classified as luxury products. The second main objective of this study is to test for unit roots and order of comtegration in Bahrain commodity group data. The results indicate that most of the time senes that will be used in estimating the linear AIDS model, such as total real expenditures on various commodity groups, prices, budget shares are shown to be integrated of order one. The application of Johansen and Juselius(1990) Full Maximum Likelihood approach in this study confirm that equilibrium relationships exist between the variables that make-up the LAVAIDS model. Second, the homogeneity of degree zero of price, postulated by consumer theory, is rejected by the data. The argument that time series issues are responsible for this rejection is not always true. The study also focuses on a) Engel Curve and b) income distribution and poverty in Bahrain. The advantage of a cross- section study of the Engel Curve is that consumer demand theory is based on micro-demand data (individual's data). Income elasticities that are estimated from cross-section data are useful in predicting changes in aggregate time series data if the effects of price changes have to be eliminated from time series analyses. Therefore, seven Engel Curves for eight commodity groups are estimated using data from the Bahrain household survey for the period 1994-1995. Studying income distribution and poverty in Bahrain is important. Inequality of income and poverty influences the pattern of household expenditure. It also influences the welfare of households in the country. Therefore, studying income distribution and poverty could guide the policy makers in Bahrain to improve the living standard of households. The analyses of income distribution and poverty in Bahrain are based on the household expenditure and income survey data for the period (1984-85 to 1994-95), involving Gini coefficient and other measures.
24
Griffiths, Karen Elizabeth. "Market exchange systems within the Roman economy of the first and second centuries A.D". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/855.
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A primary hypothesis is proposed concerning the presence and importance of market exchange systems within the Roman economy. In Part I this hypothesis is placed in its context with a number of contrasting models of the Roman economy being summarised and discussed. Those produced by classical historians are supplemented by the less familiar but often theoretically more sound models derived from the work of a selection of social and economic historians. Problems of economic theory are further highlighted in the closing chapter. In Part II the relevance of archaeology and in particular the evidence of ceramic data to the testing of the primary hypothesis is examined. An analysis of a set of ceramic data from an area in Northamptonshire is preceded by a resume of the archaeology and pottery of that county. The analysis concludes that market exchange systems were indeed operating in second century Northamptonshire. Part III takes this conclusion as a starting point for reassessing archaeological models of the Romano-British economy and then extends the discussion to incorporate the Roman economy as a whole. The use of ethnographic and historical analogies in this context is examined, and the latter used to produce a modified, dynamic model of the Roman economy. The concluding chapter assesses the validity of the final model, stressing the fact that even though the Roman economy seems never to have been fully Imarketized' this does not mean that it was in any way a failure. The increase in material wealth enjoyed by almost the entire population of the empire is confirmed by archaeologists and economic historians alike. The thesis closes with a section in which suggestions are made about directions for future research into the subject of the Roman economy.
25
Reid, R. D. G. "An examination of financial intermediation and the development of financial systems : France and Germany". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372101.
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Leybourne, S. J. "Kalman filtering and the estimation of systems of consumer demand equations with time-varying coefficients". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234770.
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Xu, Li Da. "Fuzzy multiobjective mathematical programming in economic systems analysis: design and method". PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/471.
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Economic systems analysis is a systems analysis technique of setting out the factors that have to be taken into account in making economic systems decisions. The inquiring and operational systems of the technique are almost exclusively designed for well-structured systems. In review of economic systems analysis against systems thinking, there is a growing tendency to discard the analytical approach as inappropriate for dealing with an ill-structured issue. Therefore, economic systems analysis needs both the inquiring and operational systems which are appropriate for ill-structured systems. The foregoing leads to the introduction of an extensive methodology. Mainly, the weakness of economic systems analysis methodology can be traced to the philosophical paradigm upon which the technique is based. In this study, four main aspects of both the inquiring and operational systems of economic systems analysis are being explored: (1) A new philosophical paradigm is proposed as the foundation of general methodology in place of the traditional Newtonian-Kantian inquiring system. (2) The new philosophical paradigm needs new problem formulation and analysis space; therefore, a multidimensional, synergetic, and autopoietic model is proposed for systems synthesis and systems analysis. (3) The new philosophical paradigm is characterized as a Singerian inquiry, and as a result, Marglin's multiobjective analysis is replaced by a Singerian multiobjective analysis. (4) Markov communication theory and fuzzy sets theory are proposed as tools for handling complexity. Markov communication theory and fuzzy sets theory are introduced for systems design and multiple objective analysis. This study reports on the first application of a Singerian fuzzy multiobjective mathematical algorithm in economic systems analysis, concluding that fuzzy systems theory, especially Markov communication theory, can realize approximate reasoning in economic systems analysis. Fuzzy modeling offers a deeper understanding of complexity and a means of expressing the insights that result from that understanding; moreover, it provides a means of incorporating subjectivity and adaptation. Therefore, fuzzy modeling increases the validity of the systems approach for dealing with ill-structured systems. The proposed method represents an important theoretical improvement of Marglin's approach. The results, however, also hold practical importance, for they are of practical interest to systems analysts who would improve systems design and multiobjective analysis.
28
Colon, Célian. "Modeling economic resilience". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX098/document.
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De grandes transformations écologiques et climatiques sont aujourd'hui à l’œuvre. Elles sont sources d’instabilité environnementale, à l’image d’évènements climatiques extrêmes devenus plus fréquents, plus intenses, et touchant de nouvelles régions du globe. A défaut de pouvoir empêcher ces changements, comment les sociétés humaines pourraient-elles s'y adapter ? Pour beaucoup de chercheurs et de décideurs, c’est par la résilience qu’elles y parviendront. Ce concept semble renfermer des solutions nouvelles, adaptées à un monde turbulent et incertain. Par définition, les systèmes résilients sont capables de rebondir face à des chocs inattendus, d’apprendre rapidement et de s'adapter à des conditions inédites. Malgré l’intérêt suscité par cette notion, les processus qui permettent à une société d’être résiliente restent encore mal connus. Cette thèse développe un cadre conceptuel nouveau permettant, via la modélisation mathématique, d'explorer les liens théoriques entre mécanismes économiques et résilience. Ce cadre repose sur une analyse critique de la résilience en écologie — domaine d’origine du concept — et en économie — notre champ d’application. Nous l’appliquons aux systèmes de production économique, modélisés comme des réseaux de firmes et analysés à travers la théorie des systèmes dynamiques. Cette thèse évalue l’aptitude de tels modèles, dits multi-agents, à générer des profils de bifurcations, étape incontournable de l’analyse mathématique de la résilience. Nous étudions pour cela une dynamique proie–prédateur très générale en écologie et en économie. Ensuite, cette thèse s'attaque à un facteur majeur qui entrave la résilience : les fortes interdépendances entre activités économiques, par lesquelles les retards et interruptions de production se propagent d’une entreprise à l’autre. En utilisant des réseaux de production réalistes, nous montrons comment les délais d'approvisionnement, lorsque intégrés dans des topologies particulières, démultiplient ces phénomènes de propagation. Ensuite, grâce à un modèle évolutionnaire, nous mettons en lumière l’existence d’un risque systémique : les cascades d’incidents ont lieu alors même que tous les agents possèdent des inventaires adaptés au niveau de risque. Ce phénomène s’amplifie lorsque les chaînes d'approvisionnement se spécialisent et se fragmentent. Ces résultats théoriques ont une valeur générale, et pourront servir à orienter de futures recherches empiriques. Cette thèse fait en outre avancer les connaissances sur des méthodes et objets mathématiques très récents, comme les équations booléennes à retard formant un réseau complexe, et les dynamiques évolutionnaires sur les graphes. Les modèles et le cadre conceptuel proposés ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherche sur la résilience, en particulier sur l’impact des rétroactions environnementales sur l'évolution structurelle des réseaux de productionA wide range of climatic and ecological changes are unfolding around us. These changes notably manifest themselves through an increased environmental variability, such as shifts in the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of weather-related extreme events. If human societies cannot mitigate these transformations, to which conditions should they adapt? To many researchers and stakeholders, the answer is resilience. This concept seems to subsume a variety of solutions for dealing with a turbulent and uncertain world. Resilient systems bounce back after unexpected events, learn novel conditions and adapt to them. Theoretical models, however, to explore the links between socioeconomic mechanisms and resilience are still in their infancy. To advance such models, the present dissertation proposes a novel conceptual framework. This framework relies on an interdisciplinary and critical review of ecological and economic studies, and it is based on the theory of dynamical systems and on the paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We identify agent-based models as crucial for socioeconomic modeling. To assess their applicability to the study of resilience, we test at first whether such models can reproduce the bifurcation patterns of predator–prey interactions, which are a very important factor in both ecological and economic systems. The dissertation then tackles one of the main challenges for the design of resilient economic system: the large interconnectedness of production processes, whereby disruption may propagate and amplify. We next investigate the role of delays in production and supply on realistic economic networks, and show that the interplay between time delays and topology may greatly affect a network’s resilience. Finally, we investigate a model that encompasses adaptive responses of agents to shocks, and describes how disruptions propagate even though all firms do their best to mitigate risks. In particular, systemic amplification gets more pronounced when supply chains are fragmented. These theoretical findings are fairly general in character and may thus help the design of novel empirical studies. Through the application of several recent ideas and methods, this dissertation advances knowledge on innovative mathematical objects, such as Boolean delay equations on complex networks and evolutionary dynamics on graphs. Finally, the conceptual models herein open wide perspectives for further theoretical research on economic resilience, especially the study of environmental feedbacks and their impacts on the structural evolution of production networks
29
Mendonça, Gabriela Geraldi. "Ganhos econômicos da Integração Lavoura-Pecuária em relação a sistemas de monocultivo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-05112018-113232/.
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O monocultivo, delineamento da produção agropecuária mais tradicional, desde a Revolução Verde, têm sido relacionado ao desequilíbrio ambiental de ecossistemas, e escassez de recursos naturais. Neste contexto, sistemas integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) tem se mostrado promissores em relação à benefícios ambientais e produtivos, quando comparada a sistemas de monocultivo. Existe, todavia, poucos trabalhos que abordam os benefícios econômicos potenciais dos sistemas ILP. O objetivo desta dissertação foi desenvolver análise econômica e financeira da produção de milho grão e bovinos de corte em sistemas de monocultivo e ILP. A primeira etapa para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi a coleta de dados do projeto intitulado Impacto ambiental, produtividade e viabilidade econômica de sistemas de monocultivo e integrado de lavoura pecuária, financiado pela Fapesp (Processo Nº 2014/24514-6) delineado a partir de seis tratamentos experimentais: T1) Monocultivo de milho grão; T2) Monocultivo Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; T3) Integração entre milho e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, semeados simultaneamente; T4) Integração entre milho e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, semeados simultaneamente, com aplicação de herbicida; T5) Integração entre milho e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, tendo sido o capim semeado na adubação de cobertura do milho; T6) Integração entre milho e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, semeados simultaneamente, na linha e entrelinha do milho, com aplicação de herbicida. A segunda etapa foi a cálculo dos custos variáveis dos tratamentos experimentais. A terceira etapa consistiu no cálculo do custo total de produção de sistemas de produção representativos comerciais, que replicassem os manejos e tecnologias utilizados nos tratamentos experimentais. A quarta etapa consistiu na análise financeira, tendo sido o valor presente líquido (VPL), a taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e o PayBack os indicadores de tomada de decisão. O software Microsoft Excel® foi utilizado para o cálculo dos custos de produção, construção do fluxos de caixa e estimativa dos indicadores de viabilidade. Os resultados indicaram ganhos econômicos da ILP, em relação ao monocultivo, explicados pela teoria da economia de escopo. As fontes da economia de escopo identificadas nessa pesquisa foram: diluição de custos fixos e complementariedades técnicas compartilhadas. Os custos de produção unitários da lavoura e da pecuária foram menores na ILP do que nos sistemas de monocultivo. Os sistemas ILP e o monocultivo de milho grão foram considerados economicamente viáveis, com base no VPL, TIR e PayBack. O VPL do sistema ILP foi maior do que do sistema de monocultivo de milho, o que demonstrou outro benefício econômico dos sistemas integrados, se comparados ao monocultivo. A pecuária monocultivo foi economicamente inviável, baseado nos mesmos indicadores de viabilidade econômica.Monoculture farming, the traditional agriculture approach since the Green Revolution, has been associated with the environmental imbalance of ecosystems and with the scarcity of natural resources. Within this context, integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems have shown to be promising in terms of environmental and productive benefits when compared to monoculture systems. However, few studies have addressed the potential economic benefits of ICL systems. The objective of this dissertation was to perform an economic and financial analysis of corn grain and beef cattle production in monoculture and ICL systems. The first phase of the study consisted of the collection of data from the project entitled Environmental impact, productivity and economic viability of monoculture and integrated crop-livestock systems, financed by Fapesp (2014/24514-6) and designed in six experimental treatments: T1) corn monoculture; T2) Palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) monoculture; T3) corn plus Palisade Grass sown simultaneously; T4) corn plus Palisade Grass sown simultaneously plus herbicide; T5) Palisade grass sown at topdressing corn; T6) Palisade Grass sown at the line and inter-line of corn. In the second phase, the variable costs of the experimental treatments were calculated. The third phase consisted of calculating the total production cost of representative commercial production systems that replicate the managements and technologies used in the experimental treatments. The fourth phase consisted of financial analysis using the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback as indicators for decision making. The Microsoft Office Excel software was used for the calculation of production costs, cash flow definition, and estimation of viability indicators. The results indicated economic gains of the ICL system compared to monoculture, explained by the theory of economies of scope. The sources of economies of scope identified in this study were the dilution of fixed costs and shared technical complementarities (fertilizers for example). The unit production costs of livestock and crop were lower in the ICL than in the monoculture system. The ICL systems and corn grain monoculture were considered economically viable based on NPV, IRR, and PayBack. The NPV of ICL systems was bigger than the NPV of corn grain monoculture, which has shown another economic benefit of the integrated systems compared to monoculture. The livestock monoculture system proved to be economically unviable because of the negative NPV and IRR below the minimum attractive rate considered.
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Дегтярьова, Ія Олександрівна, Ия Александровна Дегтярева, Iia Oleksandrivna Dehtiarova i D. Snitko. "Ecological-economic systems efficiency". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7833.
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Kusch, Julia. "The global economic system". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13079.
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Zharova, L. V. "Environmental-economic analysis of spatial development of economic systems". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11828.
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Shuetrim, Geoffrey Charles. "Corporate manipulation of systemic risk exposure : learning about the form from equity price behaviour". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298859.
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Yu, Xiaoling. "INSTITUTIONAL LEARNING IN ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN INNOVATION SYSTEMS APPROACH". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1347892629.
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Saady, Abaas M. "Economic incentives in the system of environmental-economic relations". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26729.
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Environmental protection in Iraq suffers from a lack of means allocated by the government. In these conditions improving of economic mechanism of the environmental protection plays a crucial role. The main objective of the economic mechanism is to rich the goals of state environmental policy by economic measures.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26729
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Moinin, William Belton. "The optimum investment level for a land information system (LIS) in a developing state : cost benefits approach in Sabah, East Malaysia". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266496.
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Okasha, Ahmed E. "Agent-based computational economics : studying the effect of different levels of rationality on macro-activities for economic systems". Thesis, University of Kent, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529398.
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Gagnon, Gregory. "Dynamic analysis of economic systems". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ53728.pdf.
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Andrade, João Pedro Jericó de. "Statistical Mechanics of Economic Systems". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-03012017-104524/.
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In this thesis, we explore the potential of employing Statistical Mechanics techniques to study economic systems, showing how such an approach could greatly contribute by allowing the study of very complex systems, exhibiting rich behavior such as phase transitions, criticality and glassy phases, which are not found in the usual economic models. We exemplify this potential via three specific problems: (i) a Statistical Mechanics framework for dealing with irrational consumers, in which the rationality is set by a parameter akin to a temperature which controls deviations from the maximum of his utility function. We show that an irrational consumer increases the economic activity while decreasing his own utility; (ii) an analysis using Information Theory of real world Input-Output matrices, showing that the aggregation methods used to build them most likely underestimated the dependency of the production chain on a few crucial sectors, having important consequences for the analysis of these data; (iii) a zero intelligence model in which agents with a power law distributed initial wealth randomly trade goods of different prices. We show that this initial inequality generates a higher inequality in free cash, reducing the overall liquidity in the economy and slowing down the number of trades. We discuss the insights obtained with these three problems, along with their relevance for the larger picture in Economics.Nesta tese, exploramos o potencial de ser usar técnicas de Mecânica Estatística para o estudo de sistemas econômicos, mostrando como tal abordagem pode contribuir significativamente ao permitir o estudo de sistemas complexos que exibem comportamentos ricos como transições de fase, criticalidade e fases vítreas, não encontradas normalmente em modelos econômicos tradicionais. Exemplificamos este potencial através de três problemas específicos: (i) um framework de Mecânica Estatística para lidar com consumidores irracionais, no qual a racionalidade é controlada pela temperatura do sistema, que define o tamanho dos desvios do estado de máxima utilidade. Mostramos que um consumidor irracional aumenta a atividade econômica ao mesmo tempo que diminui seu próprio bem estar; (ii) uma anáise usando Teoria da Informação de matrizes Input-Output de economias reais, mostrando que os métodos de agregação utilizados para construí-las provavelmente subestima a dependência das cadeias de produção em certos setores cruciais, com consequências importantes para a analíse destes dados; (iii) um modelo em que agentes com uma riqueza inicial distributida como lei de potências trocam aleatoriamente objetos com preços distintos. Mostramos que esta desigualdade inicial gera uma desigualdade ainda maior em dinheiro livre, reduzindo a liquidez total na economia e diminuindo a quantidade de trocas. Discutimos as consequências dos resultados destes três problemas, bem como sua relevância na perspectiva geral em Economia.
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Дерев`янко, Юрій Миколайович, Юрий Николаевич Деревьянко i Yurii Mykolaiovych Derevianko. "Time duality in economic systems". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36061.
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The influence of the time factor on the socio-economic processes for a long time period is the one of the key problems of economic research. Such researches are largely very indirectly concerned with the conceptual study of the time factor impact as a separate category of economic science. As an important issue of current research we see the necessity of research systematisation for the study of the role of the time factor in the economics in the contemporary studies of researchers. The purpose of this manuscript is to systematize methodological approaches to examine the duality of time in economic research. The main objectives of this paper can be considered as the study of researchers views on the nature of time duality at all, its manifestation in the economic theory, comparison of different visions about the impact of the time duality problem on contemporary development of economic system.
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Oliinyk, V. "Modelling of ecology-economic systems". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8234.
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Дегтярьова, Ірина Борисівна, Ирина Борисовна Дегтярева i Iryna Borysivna Dehtiarova. "Synergism of ecological-economic systems". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8090.
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Biradar, Vaibhav Mahadev. "Economic Analysis of Packaging Systems". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28050.
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Packaging has a significant impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain, where improvement can be achieved through the development and selection of an appropriate packaging system. One way to explore this is through the development and use of mathematical models that facilitate economic analysis of packaging systems. Recently, one of the most remarkable trends in logistics is the extensive use of returnable or reusable containers. Returnable container systems have increasingly been introduced in various industries to take advantages of cost savings, but it is very crucial to ensure that a reusable packaging system is an economical packaging choice. In this thesis, an extensive study of an economic analysis of disposable, recyclable, and reusable packaging systems is conducted. This includes identification of significant cost factors and variables involved in the management of disposable, recyclable and reusable packaging systems, and formulation of a mathematical model to compare total cost of packaging systems. The developed mathematical model can be used to choose the most economical packaging system for industries. The linear programming (LP) method is used to develop the mathematical model. The various new factors such as the collapsible ratio of recyclable, disposable and reusable packages have been introduced for the first time in the economic analysis of the packaging systems. The developed mathematical model can be used for a range of industries and for different industry scenarios. The packaging system information of Toyota assembly plant is used for the validation of a mathematical model. The obtained results are compared with previous research based on the same data set and results found in concert with the finding of previous research which validate the model.
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Anderies, John M. "Culture, economic structure, and the dynamics of ecological economic systems". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/NQ34506.pdf.
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Katariya, Abhilasha Prakash. "Joint production and economic retention quantity decisions in capacitated production systems serving multiple market segments". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2985.
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Colon, Célian. "Modeling economic resilience". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX098.
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De grandes transformations écologiques et climatiques sont aujourd'hui à l’œuvre. Elles sont sources d’instabilité environnementale, à l’image d’évènements climatiques extrêmes devenus plus fréquents, plus intenses, et touchant de nouvelles régions du globe. A défaut de pouvoir empêcher ces changements, comment les sociétés humaines pourraient-elles s'y adapter ? Pour beaucoup de chercheurs et de décideurs, c’est par la résilience qu’elles y parviendront. Ce concept semble renfermer des solutions nouvelles, adaptées à un monde turbulent et incertain. Par définition, les systèmes résilients sont capables de rebondir face à des chocs inattendus, d’apprendre rapidement et de s'adapter à des conditions inédites. Malgré l’intérêt suscité par cette notion, les processus qui permettent à une société d’être résiliente restent encore mal connus. Cette thèse développe un cadre conceptuel nouveau permettant, via la modélisation mathématique, d'explorer les liens théoriques entre mécanismes économiques et résilience. Ce cadre repose sur une analyse critique de la résilience en écologie — domaine d’origine du concept — et en économie — notre champ d’application. Nous l’appliquons aux systèmes de production économique, modélisés comme des réseaux de firmes et analysés à travers la théorie des systèmes dynamiques. Cette thèse évalue l’aptitude de tels modèles, dits multi-agents, à générer des profils de bifurcations, étape incontournable de l’analyse mathématique de la résilience. Nous étudions pour cela une dynamique proie–prédateur très générale en écologie et en économie. Ensuite, cette thèse s'attaque à un facteur majeur qui entrave la résilience : les fortes interdépendances entre activités économiques, par lesquelles les retards et interruptions de production se propagent d’une entreprise à l’autre. En utilisant des réseaux de production réalistes, nous montrons comment les délais d'approvisionnement, lorsque intégrés dans des topologies particulières, démultiplient ces phénomènes de propagation. Ensuite, grâce à un modèle évolutionnaire, nous mettons en lumière l’existence d’un risque systémique : les cascades d’incidents ont lieu alors même que tous les agents possèdent des inventaires adaptés au niveau de risque. Ce phénomène s’amplifie lorsque les chaînes d'approvisionnement se spécialisent et se fragmentent. Ces résultats théoriques ont une valeur générale, et pourront servir à orienter de futures recherches empiriques. Cette thèse fait en outre avancer les connaissances sur des méthodes et objets mathématiques très récents, comme les équations booléennes à retard formant un réseau complexe, et les dynamiques évolutionnaires sur les graphes. Les modèles et le cadre conceptuel proposés ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherche sur la résilience, en particulier sur l’impact des rétroactions environnementales sur l'évolution structurelle des réseaux de productionA wide range of climatic and ecological changes are unfolding around us. These changes notably manifest themselves through an increased environmental variability, such as shifts in the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of weather-related extreme events. If human societies cannot mitigate these transformations, to which conditions should they adapt? To many researchers and stakeholders, the answer is resilience. This concept seems to subsume a variety of solutions for dealing with a turbulent and uncertain world. Resilient systems bounce back after unexpected events, learn novel conditions and adapt to them. Theoretical models, however, to explore the links between socioeconomic mechanisms and resilience are still in their infancy. To advance such models, the present dissertation proposes a novel conceptual framework. This framework relies on an interdisciplinary and critical review of ecological and economic studies, and it is based on the theory of dynamical systems and on the paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We identify agent-based models as crucial for socioeconomic modeling. To assess their applicability to the study of resilience, we test at first whether such models can reproduce the bifurcation patterns of predator–prey interactions, which are a very important factor in both ecological and economic systems. The dissertation then tackles one of the main challenges for the design of resilient economic system: the large interconnectedness of production processes, whereby disruption may propagate and amplify. We next investigate the role of delays in production and supply on realistic economic networks, and show that the interplay between time delays and topology may greatly affect a network’s resilience. Finally, we investigate a model that encompasses adaptive responses of agents to shocks, and describes how disruptions propagate even though all firms do their best to mitigate risks. In particular, systemic amplification gets more pronounced when supply chains are fragmented. These theoretical findings are fairly general in character and may thus help the design of novel empirical studies. Through the application of several recent ideas and methods, this dissertation advances knowledge on innovative mathematical objects, such as Boolean delay equations on complex networks and evolutionary dynamics on graphs. Finally, the conceptual models herein open wide perspectives for further theoretical research on economic resilience, especially the study of environmental feedbacks and their impacts on the structural evolution of production networks
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Walker, Charles G. "Economic analysis of information system". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27004.
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M'Bayia, Caliste Claude. "System thinking approach to economic growth and poverty reduction in Cote d'Ivoire". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106233.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 96-99).
The present thesis work aims to propose a pathway to a sustainable economic growth and a fast reduction of poverty in Cote d'Ivoire. Poverty is a major social phenomenon that affects more than 50% of the world's population. In Cote d'Ivoire, 49% of the population is living under the poverty line with less than $1.25 a day, and the country is struggling to lift them out of poverty. But poverty is a complex issue to tackle. One solution, which most experts now agree on, consists in enhancing prosperity through the implementation of economic growth policies. The question this research aims to address is to know what specific growth policies would best suit to the social, economical, cultural and environmental situation of Cote d'Ivoire. The main lesson is that Cote d'Ivoire should focus on the development of its agricultural sector and build an agriculture innovation system that will foster the transfer of knowledge and the adoption of new technologies especially in the country's rural areas. This thesis work is original in that it uses systems thinking approach and systems engineering concepts and tools, to address the issues of economic growth and poverty reduction. By doing so, it brings new insights that increase the chances of success of the National Development Plan of Cote d'Ivoire and therefore contributes to the materialization of the country's ambition to become an emerging nation by 2020.
by Caliste Claude M'Bayia.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Vashi, Vidyut H. "The effect of price, advertising, and income on consumer demand : an almost ideal demand system investigation /". Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165751/.
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Akaikine, Andrei. "The impact of software design structure on product maintenance costs and measurement of economic benefits of product redesign". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59221.
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Thesis (S.M. in System Design and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-71).
This paper reports results of an empirical study that aimed to demonstrate the link between software product design structure and engineers' effort to perform a code modification in the context of a corrective maintenance task. First, this paper reviews the current state of the art in engineering economics of the maintenance phase of software lifecycle. Secondly, a measure of software product complexity suitable to assess maintainability of a software system is developed. This measure is used to analyze the design structure change that happened between two versions of a mature software product. The product selected for this study underwent a significant re-design between two studied versions. Thirdly, an experiment is designed to measure the effort engineers spend designing a code modification associated with a corrective change request. These effort measurements are used to demonstrate the effect of product design complexity on engineers' productivity. It is asserted in the paper that engineer's productivity improvements have a significant economic value and can be used to justify investments into re-design of an existing software product.
by Andrei Akaikine.
S.M.in System Design and Management