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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "The circumstances of the battle that ensued"
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Pienaar, Juanita Magrietha. "The Battle of the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela Community: Access to and Control of Communal Land". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal / Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 20 (7.11.2017): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1444.
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Like numerous other traditional communities in South Africa, the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela community lost portions of their ancestral land in the pre-constitutional era. Under an all-encompassing land reform programme, which also provides for the restitution of land in particular circumstances, a land claim was lodged. Having been successful with the land claim as all of the requirements set out in the Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994 were met, the first battle of the community in reclaiming their land had been won. The initial victory was short-lived as a second battle ensued, dealing with the governance of and form of control over the newly restored land. While the community wanted a communal property association, provided for in the Communal Property Associations Act 28 of 1996, the traditional leader preferred a trust. In this regard the various options of forms and constructs of collective ownership came into play. The second battle resulted in the Constitutional Court's deciding in favour of a communal property association in the light of the overall scheme of the Communal Property Associations Act, its objectives, the particular role of the Director-General of the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, and all that had transpired in this particular case. This contribution deals with both of these battles, first setting out the struggle to reclaim the lost land, and then discussing the conflict over ownership and governance issues brought to finality in Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela Communal Property Association v Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela Tribal Authority 2015 6 SA 32 (CC). In this regard the judgment is analysed and thereafter reflected on with respect to recent developments linked specifically to communal property association legislation and then to other developments impacting on communal land and traditional communities in general. With regard to the former, recent draft amendments to the Communal Property Associations Act are highlighted, whereas policy developments and draft legislative measures are discussed with regard to the latter. While it is possible that some of the recent suggested amendments embodied in the Amendment Bill would have streamlined the process had these amendments been in operation when the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela community fought the second battle, various problems remain. In this context markedly different - conflicting - approaches emerged from the Constitutional Court judgment and official policy measures. Whereas the Court confirmed more democratic forms of ownership and governance in general, but specifically with respect to traditional communities, official policy documents coupled with draft legislative measures relating to traditional courts entrench traditional leadership constructs. In this regard more democratic forms of governance and ownership are seemingly reserved for areas outside traditional communal areas, most notably outside the former homelands. While the judgment handed down in the Constitutional Court may have brought closure to the Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela community regarding the formation of a communal property association, the struggle of other traditional communities opting for communal property associations may just be beginning.
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Fu, Yujian, i Steven Drager. "Reconfiguration of Autonomous Robotics". International Journal of Robotics Applications and Technologies 3, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrat.2015010103.
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Autonomous robotics systems (ARSs) consist of multiple heterogeneous objects and intelligent inferences that are expected to take appropriate actions even in unforeseen circumstances. Dynamic reconfiguration of ARSs is a key enabling technology and plays a major role in the future cyber-enabled battle field. This research work, focused on the development of a formal approach to the specification and verification of reconfigurability of ARSs. Two typical problems w.r.t. the dynamic adaptation and reconfiguration of ARSs were identified and studied. The first problem is how to formally represent the ARSs and describe the reconfigurable behavior precisely so that the ARSs can adapt to the new changes. The second problem focuses on how to analyze and verify the formal model of the reconfiguration and ensure the correctness of the system during reconfiguration. Considering behavior preserving in the reconfiguration model, a net reconfigurations based on the natural transformation is introduced.
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Goździewicz, Wiesław. "Targeting in the Russian-Ukrainian War: The Crossroads of Legal and Technical Aspects". Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 106 (30.03.2024): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.106.03.
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Article 82 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions requires competent legal advisors to be available, when necessary, to advise military commanders at the appropriate level on the application of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). One of the most important fields of IHL application which requires legal advice is attacks on the enemy, which need to follow the principles of military necessity, humanity, distinction, and proportionality, and are also affected by the requirement to undertake all feasible precautions in order to avoid or at least minimise incidental harm to civilians (collateral damage). One of the ways to ensure that attacks on enemy remain compliant with the requirements of IHL is by adopting appropriate targeting procedures and tools facilitating avoidance or minimising collateral damage, such as the Collateral Damage Estimation Methodology (CDEM). Media coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian war has contributed significantly to the misperception of IHL provisions applicable to targeting. During the war in Ukraine, political declarations were made several times that a war crime had occurred in the form of a deliberate attack on the civilian object. However, the legality of a particular strike can rarely be judged based upon the results of the strike or via post-strike Battle Damage Assessment (BDA). The so-called Rendulic rule emphasises that military necessity, proportionality, and precautions are judged a priori, based upon by the information available at the time of the decision (circumstances ruling at the time) and not on the basis of information emerging after the decision had been made. Legal Advirsors’ role in the targeting process requires them to possess at least the basic knowledge of the Targeting Process and the CDEM, general military expertise in the fields of Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs), as well as effects of the employment of particular weapon systems in given circumstances. This should be supported by thorough knowledge of IHL, in particular the practical aspects of its application in military operations. It should be about the intersection of legal and technical expertise.
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Steinhart, Julija. "SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE, ITS TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS". ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (22.06.2024): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol1.8011.
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The interest in sustainable organizational performance has increased strongly in the last decade. With the rising macroeconomic pressure and unforeseen circumstances such as global pandemic, an increased number of economies battle to ensure prosperity, performance, and target trans-formation. The aim of this study is to spot trends and developments on sustainable organizational performance observed in the academia for the last decade. More precisely, main sources of publications as well as biases within geographical, citation, authorship and thematic dimensions are to be identified. To achieve this aim, a qualitative study based on bibliometric analysis has been performed. In total, 1286 relevant articles were retrieved for the last decade that examined sustainable organizational performance, however none of them has implemented a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis and elaborate on progress within academic research. The bibliometric analysis within this study is based on a literature review of publications obtained from Scopus using an inclusive search strategy. In addition, the visualization of the data was carried out with the use of Bibliometrix and VOSviewer. The article strives to contribute to the research on sustainable organizational performance, while performing keywords and co-occurrence analysis. It further defines top productive authors, structure of the research topic in the journals and countries. In addition to that, Lotka analysis has been performed to understand the interactions and structure of publications of the subject area. The importance of the organizational framework, management and governance were identified as main keywords underlying once again that functional framework provides structure and hierarchy the entity may build on, while effective management ensures the utilization of resources within the established framework. Oversight, in turn, is organized by governance that guides both the framework and management practices. The study comes with the conclusion and recommendations for both business and academia. ;
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Yang, Hong Mian, Kwok Kit Tong, Juliet Honglei Chen, Eilo Wing-yat Yu i Anise M. S. Wu. "Growing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: The interplay among transformational leadership in government, public trust, and posttraumatic growth". Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 17 (styczeń 2023): 183449092211462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18344909221146254.
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Individuals may experience positive changes or gain growths after struggling with traumas or challenging circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess potential levels of posttraumatic growth (PTG) of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic and PTG's associations with perceptions of transformational leadership in local government and public trust. The data of a probability sample of 1011 community-dwelling adults (61.2% females; Mean age = 41.2 years, SD = 15.8) in Macao, China, were collected via a telephone poll survey. Multiple regression analyses were conducted and a bootstrapping approach was utilized to test the hypothesized moderating effects and mediating effects of trust in local government on the association between perceived transformational leadership and PTG, respectively. Results showed that about half of the respondents reported at least a medium level of PTG. Whereas perceived transformational leadership in the Macao local government was positively associated with four individual aspects of PTG (i.e., appreciation of life, new possibilities, personal strength, and relating to others) as well as the overall PTG, while controlling for the demographic variables, trust in the local government showed no moderating or mediating effects in these associations. Our findings suggest the value of governments’ transformational leadership in promoting people's PTG in the face of public crises such as COVID-19. More transformational leadership behaviors, such as attending to citizens’ personal needs and conveying an inspirational vision, in government are called for to bring about greater positive responses from individuals and ensure social vitality and resilience during this long-term public health battle.
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Lavnichenko, O., I. Lipatov i S. Pavlov. "MAINTAINING THE COMBAT CAPABILITY OF FORMATIONS (MILITARY UNITS) OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE DURING PARTICIPATION IN JOINT OPERATIONS, HOSTILITIES". Scientific journal of the National Academy of National Guard "Honor and Law" 2, nr 85 (2023): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2023/2/85/282528.
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According to the results of scientific research and analysis of guiding documents, according to the authors of the article, the concept of maintaining the combat capability of formations (military units) of the NSU should be understood as the activities of commanders, headquarters, management bodies, moral and psychological support structures regarding their ability to put on alert, conduct hostilities, perform combat missions by maintaining the quality of management to ensure the readiness of units (military units) to perform tasks for purpose, provision of their weapons and military equipment, material means, maintenance of personnel, available forces and means of the MPZ of the moral and psychological state, its mental stability and psychological readiness for an equal level that ensures the fulfillment of the tasks. The improvement of the means of armed struggle and the complication of hostilities led to an increase in combat losses. All this exacerbated the problem of maintaining the combat capability of the troops because the combat capability of formations (military units) should first of all be maintained when put on alert, training and conducting combat operations, and secondly, if necessary, quickly recover to a level that ensures the successful completion of tasks. The experience gained in past wars to maintain the combat capability of troops basically retains value in modern conditions. But at the same time, many new circumstances have arisen that greatly complicate the solution of this problem. This is primarily due to the emergence and widespread development of the means of mass destruction, as well as systems of high-precision weapons, which can be used suddenly on a massive scale both during training and during combat, to simultaneously hit all elements of the combat order ‒ not only the first, but also the second echelons, reserves, rear units and units, regardless of their distance from the front line. Today, the likelihood of instant destruction of certain elements of the combat order of a unit and a unit, violation of the control and communication system, combat, technical, logistics support, as shown by the experience of war in the Persian Gulf, other conflicts, wars in the Middle East, Yugoslavia and especially combat operations in Ukraine, is becoming a reality. Of course, these circumstances make it extremely difficult to implement support measures, and if necessary, restore the combat capability of units, in many respects change their nature and methods of conduct. In the practice of combat activities, they are divided into tactical and special. They are reflected in the decision of the commander to battle, in setting up combat missions for units, organizing interaction and comprehensive support. When maintaining the moral and psychological state of the personnel, their mental stability and psychological readiness at the level that ensures the fulfillment of the tasks set, it is necessary to take into account the fact that in addition to losses from the influence of the enemy, the loss of combat capability is also affected by physical and nervous exhaustion, hunger, cold, etc. For this purpose, if necessary, the rotation of units (military units) should be carried out. At the same time, as the experience of the Israeli army's participation in hostilities shows, it should be borne in mind that the maximum period before the onset of nervous exhaustion for an experienced and motivated unit is about 30 days, and sleep should be no later than 48 hours. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that most of all it demotivates and frightens such stress factors as: light ‒ tracers, flashes of explosions, fire; smells – the smell of burning and burnt meat; noise – explosions, whistles, roars; shouts – commanders, wounded, dying. Therefore, when maintaining combat capability, during preparation for combat operations, it is important for commanders and their deputies to work with personnel to at least partially prepare servicemen for these stress factors (light, smells, noise, screams) so that they are not distracted from their combat missions and work, despite the unnatural and dangerous environment.
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Muschamp, Amy. "Operation Devon, Termoli 1943: ‘A catalogue of errors’?" War in History 29, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344520969723.
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The little-known World War II battle for Termoli, code named Operation Devon, took place in early October 1943 and began with the only Allied amphibious landing on Italy’s Adriatic coast. It was a joint operation between newly formed elite groups and regular units of the Allied armed forces. A brigade made up of two units of commandos and the 1st Special Air Service, known during this operation as the Special Raiding Squadron, was given the task of making the first landing. Despite the initial success of the operation, a drawn out and fierce battle ensued. With the help of archival material from the Imperial War Museum, London, and The National Archives, Kew, this article reconstructs the key elements of a battle that has received little scholarly attention, particularly in relation to the role of conventional forces in the fighting. In doing so, it provides an overview of the battle, analysing the main factors that led to a chaotic handover between special and regular infantry forces and what made the action ultimately successful. Finally, it reveals how the operation was part of an evolutionary process for special forces and helped to cement their role in UK military doctrine.
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Marjanovic-Dusanic, Smilja. "Relics, miracles and furta sacra: A contribution to the study of Serbo-Bulgarian relations in the 1230s". Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, nr 46 (2009): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0946281m.
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A contribution to the study of Serbo-Bulgarian relations in the 1230s The enquiry into the cult of relics and its manifestations such as miracle working, transfer of mortal remains and the act of translatio that involves the topos of furta sacra relies on two lives of St Sava of Serbia, one penned by Domentijan (Domentianus), the other by Teodosije (Theodosius). The hagiographic episodes most relevant to this enquiry are certainly those describing Sava's stay in Tirnovo, his death (1236) and the translation of his remains to his homeland (1237). The narrative about the future saint's stay and death in Tirnovo gives conscious hints of the hero's sanctity using various hagiographic devices. Especially interesting to us is the account of the miracle Sava worked in Tirnovo while officiating the Epiphany service at the church of the Forty Martyrs. According to our analysis, the reference to the Epiphany service and the association of the miracle with that particular feast are certainly not an accident. The ideology of the Second Bulgarian Empire attached great importance to the epic victory over the Romaioi at the Battle of Tryavna in 1190, which was commemorated annually on the Day of Epiphany. The Byzantine historians Niketas Choniates and George Akropolites report that the Bulgarians seized the imperial insignia during the battle. It is irrelevant whether Sava's two hagiographers were aware of the importance of the feast or simply reiterated the well-known information about the service celebrated on that day at the church of the Forty Martyrs; what is quite certain is that the great honour of officiating the service-a celebration pregnant with symbolism-was bestowed upon the most distinguished guest and that it was then that, we believe not at all by chance, his miracle-working power was manifested in public-in front of the Bulgarian tsar, all clergy and the notables. As a natural consequence of the power of working miracles manifested in one's lifetime, the holy body of Sava, who passed away shortly afterwards, joined the most highly treasured relics of the Second Bulgarian Empire deposited in the church of the Forty Martyrs. The decision of Bulgarian tsar John II Asen to have Sava buried in his own foundation dedicated to the Forty Martyrs seems to have conveyed unequivocal symbolic messages. Not only that the hagiographer uses the topos of Christ-like haste, a quality of the ideal ruler, to depict the tsar's devout haste (to have Sava's tomb built in stone and marked with imperial insignia) but he also employs the device of connecting the tsar's actions with the well-established pattern of the ruler standing firm in the faith of Christ to build an imago pietatis as well known and required in that particular place in the text. The latter obviously helps the holy remains-referred to in both hagiographies much before the reference to the revelation of hero's sanctity through the elevation of his incorrupt body-to obtain the status of relic. In that respect, the power of sepulchral dust constitutes a distinctive feature of Sava's sanctity-it testifies to the miraculous power of the place itself even after the body was removed, continuing until the ban placed on Sava's cult after the death of John Asen (1241). The ultimate proof of sanctity is the discovery of the incorrupt body after its elevatio. That is exactly what happened, after the holy one himself had appeared in the tsar's dream prompting the translation and thus the elevation of the body from the first grave. The apparition of the holy one in the form of 'a terrifying vision' came as a consequence of the request made by the Serbian side: king Vladislav, the tsar's son-in-law, had come to Tirnovo to solicit Sava's return to Serbia. As the Bulgarian side was unwilling to part with the prestigious relics, preparations for their translation began clandestinely and in great haste. To describe the events that ensued, Domentijan, the writer of the earlier of Sava's two lives, uses a recognizable narrative: the account of the furtum sacrum is placed in the framework of a parallel he was familiar with. Domentijan uses an interesting metaphor to offset the vague circumstances surrounding the event. By likening Sava's relics to the epitome of the most precious relic - the icon of the Virgin with child, well known after the apocrypha concerning the birth of Christ, he in fact uses the language of apocrypha to bypass several important topoi contained in the narrative of furta sacra. The motif in question is that of the clandestine translation of relics amidst great fear and haste and the flight from the city (the 'Persian' story used by John of Damascus in his Homilies on nativity). The purpose of the hagiographic story is to function as a double parallel. On the one hand, the holy one's relics are likened to the oldest icon taken in its symbolic, apotropaic meaning-as the shield of the fatherland and a sign of God's grace-and on the other, the story is a framework, a recognizable model of finding a parallel, used by the hagiographer to evade further clarification of the circumstances and details of the famed furtum sacrum. It is for this reason that Domentijan's emphasis on the motif of likening appears quite expectable: 'in the same way the children of this Holy One, overwhelmed by great fear and in great haste, fled secretly from the city of Tirnovo'. Teodosije's account is much more straightforward: quoting the words of the Bulgarian tsar, he overtly accuses the Serbian king of having stolen the holy one's relics and the Bulgarians notables of having been bribed, and his account seems to match the reality much more. Viewed in the context of analysis of the symbolic language of political messages, the accounts of the two hagiographers become a telling testimony to the multilayeredness of medieval texts and to the possibility of their various interpretations.
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Wardley, T., J. Goacher, S. Neep, S. Fleet, R. White, A. Banks, R. Dale i in. "Medical and logistics aspects of the Peninsular War, 1808-1814". Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 103, nr 3 (2017): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-103-206.
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AbstractFollowing the failure of the French maritime force at the Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon sought to dominate Europe through his ‘Continental System’, using large, conscripted, land forces to control nation states and close European ports to British trade. To counter this denial of economic opportunity Britain deployed a large force to the Iberian Peninsula in 1808. Thus ensued the Peninsular War of 1808–14. This article discusses some of the medical advances identified from the war, including force health protection measures, surgical techniques and medical evacuation.
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Lucas, Thomas W., i John A. Dinges. "The Effect of Battle Circumstances on Fitting Lanchester Equations to the Battle of Kursk". Military Operations Research 9, nr 2 (1.03.2004): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5711/morj.9.2.17.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "The circumstances of the battle that ensued"
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Historical and Scientific Society of Manitoba., red. Seven Oaks: An account of the affair of Seven Oaks, the circumstances which led up to it, a description of the contestants, the events of the conflict, including the death of Governor Semple and his followers and a report of proceedings of the gathering for the unveiling of the "Seven Oaks Monument", June 19th, 1891; also a plate of the monument and a fac-simile of part of the map used at the trials of 1818, showing the junction of the Assiniboine and Red Rivers, the site of Fort Douglas and the situation of "Seven Oaks". [Winnipeg, Man: s.n., 1985.
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Battle at Ngok Tavak: A Bloody Defeat in South Vietnam 1968. Allen & Unwin, 2008.
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Battle at Ngok Tavak: A Bloody Defeat in South Vietnam, 1968. Allen & Unwin, 2008.
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Donkin, Lane. Kosovo Battle : the Circumstances That Brought the Serbs and Ottomans to the Kosovo Plain: The Battle of Kosovo Book. Independently Published, 2021.
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James, Evans. Part IV The Private Law of Financial Crime, 12 Claims Arising under UK Private Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198716587.003.0012.
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Banks are in the front line of the battle against fraud and money laundering. The importance of denying banking facilities to criminals and fraudsters, especially where there is corruption among those who hold public office and the trust of their people, has been recognized in the context of claims made against banks under English law. An abiding theme of English commercial law is the desire to establish rules that are certain so that participants in commercial activity ‘know what ground to go upon’. However such certainty is difficult to achieve in circumstances where legal obligations will arise from subjective matters, such as a bank employee’s suspicion that a customer might be involved in unlawful activity. This notwithstanding, the chapter states, English law seeks to ensure that agents and professionals are obliged to provide information to relevant authorities and that sufficient protection is provided to suspicious agents (including banks). The overall purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of claims which may be made under English law against or by a bank (or financial institution) involved in a dispute with a customer or third party relating to the source, fate, ownership of, or freedom to deal with, money held by the bank or institution.
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Abrachinsky, Roscoe. End of the Vietnam War : the Perseverance and Courage Through Unimaginable Circumstances: The Battle in Vietnam. Independently Published, 2021.
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Seven Oaks: An account of the affair of Seven Oaks, the circumstances which led up to it, a description of the contestants, the events of the conflict, including the death of Governor Semple and his followers and a report of proceedings of the gathering for the unveiling of the "Seven Oaks Monument", June 19th, 1891; also a plate of the monument and a fac-simile of part of the map used at the trials of 1818, showing the junction of the Assiniboine and Red Rivers, the site of Fort Douglas and the situation of "Seven Oaks". [Winnipeg, Man: s.n., 1986.
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Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. Beating the Odds. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400617102.
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Many famous people have overcome difficult circumstances and gone on to become successful in their fields. This book profiles the lives of 75 courageous and persistent people who have triumphed over adversity. These individuals have conquered a range of problems, including physical, psychological, social, and economic handicaps. Individuals profiled come from a range of professions and reflect battles against religious prejudice, medical conditions, eating disorders, poverty, and other social ills. Among the people profiled are Mitch Albom, Hillary Clinton, Magic Johnson, Stephen King, Greg Louganis, and Henry Winkler. The volume includes an historical timeline, a list of relevant films documenting the achievements of these superstars, and a general bibliography. Some of the most successful people in our society have overcome great odds in order to achieve their dreams. Through courage and persistence, they have triumphed over a range of adversities and serve as models for students faced with similar circumstances. This book profiles the struggles and accomplishments of 75 such individuals from all walks of life. Each entry highlights the physical, psychological, social, or economic struggles of the person and discusses how the person won their battle against adversity. Among the individuals profiled are: Mitch Albom, Roseanne Barr, Sandra Cisneros, Hillary Clinton, Pat Conroy, Michael J. Fox, Magic Johnson, Stephen King, Greg Louganis, Jessica Lynch, Colin Powell, Salman Rushdie, Martin Sheen, Henry Winkler, and many more. The volume closes with an historical timeline, a list of films related to the achievements of these superstars, and a general bibliography. In addition to inspiring students to succeed against all odds, the book promotes respect for diversity and explores a host of social issues related to religious prejudice, eating disorders, medical conditions, poverty, and other concerns.
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Talbert, Matthew, i Jessica Wolfendale. Situationism and War Crimes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675875.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 applies the situationist view to war crimes. A number of the experiments discussed in Chapter 1 focus on situations that seem directly relevant to the circumstances in which war crimes occur. For this reason, several social psychologists and philosophers argue that situationism offers the most plausible explanation of how and why war crimes occur. According to the situationist view, war crimes can occur as a result of both immediate battlefield conditions, and the ongoing situational pressures of military training and culture. Advocates of this view argue that this combination of situational forces undermines the ability of military personnel to recognize and act on relevant moral considerations, leading them to believe that certain acts, such as torture, are permissible. Thus military personnel may be unable to recognize illegal and immoral orders, even in situations arising far from the heat of battle.
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Gitlin, Martin. Wounded Knee Massacre. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216039594.
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This engaging and informative book chronicles the events leading up to and including the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890. The Indian wars of the 19th century played an intrinsic role in shaping American history. During the half–century period from 1840 through 1890, the Plains Indians found themselves in unavoidable conflicts with white settlers, particularly the United States government and its military forces. As a result, these native residents lost their freedom and their way of life as nomadic hunters and were eventually forced onto reservations. The Wounded Knee Massacre: Landmarks of the American Mosaic focuses on events from the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876 to the tragic slaughter of 300 Lakota Sioux on December 29, 1890. The book closely examines the factors and circumstances that led up to the slaughter, providing an accessible and straightforward look into the Wounded Knee massacre that will captivate both high school and college-level students. An explanation of the event’s legacy, including the Native American takeover of Wounded Knee in the 1970s, is also presented.
Części książek na temat "The circumstances of the battle that ensued"
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Fu, Yujian, i Steven Drager. "Reconfiguration of Autonomous Robotics". W Rapid Automation, 1511–27. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8060-7.ch071.
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Autonomous robotics systems (ARSs) consist of multiple heterogeneous objects and intelligent inferences that are expected to take appropriate actions even in unforeseen circumstances. Dynamic reconfiguration of ARSs is a key enabling technology and plays a major role in the future cyber-enabled battle field. This research work, focused on the development of a formal approach to the specification and verification of reconfigurability of ARSs. Two typical problems w.r.t. the dynamic adaptation and reconfiguration of ARSs were identified and studied. The first problem is how to formally represent the ARSs and describe the reconfigurable behavior precisely so that the ARSs can adapt to the new changes. The second problem focuses on how to analyze and verify the formal model of the reconfiguration and ensure the correctness of the system during reconfiguration. Considering behavior preserving in the reconfiguration model, a net reconfiguration based on the natural transformation is introduced.
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O’Connell, Robert L. "Trial by Fire: Battle in the North Sea". W Sacred Vessels, 153–90. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195080063.003.0007.
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Abstract In 1914, for the first time in a century, Europe found itself immersed in general war. As the terrestrial conflict settled into a ghastly stalemate, the war at sea pitted the presumably incomparable British Grand Fleet against the brash chal¬ lenger from across the North Sea, the German High Seas Fleet. At last the mighty dreadnoughts would prove themselves to be the formidable weapons sailors everywhere knew them to be-or so the naval world fervently believed. In fact,_ things were destined to be a great deal different. Reality and that silent arbiter of human affairs, technology, had finally caught up with a naval establish¬ ment totally committed to floating leviathans calculated more to inspire fear than to deal death. What ensued was unlikely to reassure those who placed much stock in people’s ability to plan their futures.
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Cawkwell, George. "The Subjection of the Greeks of Asia". W The Greek Wars, 30–45. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198148715.003.0002.
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Abstract Herodotus’ account is curious. The Ionians were, it would seem, part of the army that Croesus led outside his kingdom and across the river Halys; Cyrus had sent heralds to the Ionians and tried to get them to abstain, but to no effect. After that battle Croesus dismissed them, and they had no part in the battle fought in the valley of the Hermus, not far from Sardis itself, nor in the unsuccessful defence of the city which ensued. Once Cyrus was established there and clearly master of the Lydian kingdom, the Ionians sent messages to him asking to be accorded the same terms of subjection as they had had under Croesus. Cyrus angrily refused; they had had their chance to secure lenient treatment but they had not taken it.
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Phillips, Christopher. "The Arab Spring comes to Syria". W The Battle for Syria. Yale University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300217179.003.0003.
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This chapter considers the circumstances in which unrest began in Syria, profiling President Bashar al Assad's regime and explaining the logic behind its repressive strategy. It examines Syria's eruption into revolt to assess how similar or different it truly was. Below the facade of a modernising young ruler leading populist foreign polices, the same economic disparity, political disenfranchisement and social resentment existed as in other protesting Arab states. However, the structure of its ruling regime and the complexities of its relationship with society would mean that Syria would not mimic Tunisia and Egypt in the swift exit of their leaders. It was similar enough to be caught up in events, but different enough to have far bloodier outcomes.
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Tolstoy, Leo. "5". W War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199232765.003.0244.
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At that very time, in circumstances even more important than retreating without a battle, namely, the evacuation and burning of Moscow, Rastopchin, who is usually represented as being the instigator of that event, acted in an altogether different manner from Kutuzov. After the battle of...
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Gambino, Ashley, i Rachel Flemming. "Ladies Leading Ladies Who Lead Ladies". W Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 1–14. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6491-2.ch001.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, women in academic leadership positions were faced with an unprecedented career challenge. While data previously existed to show that female leaders face an uphill battle in obtaining promotions, tenure, and leaderships positions within academia, the COVID-19 crisis that ensued within higher education created an unstable work-life balance, inequitable work expectations, and a need for increased psychosocial support for these already disadvantaged leaders. This chapter will explore the power and challenge of women mentoring other women in the midst of a global crisis. Using a personal perspective from a mentor and mentee, the authors will comment on current and extant literature on the challenges facing women leaders in academia.
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Wells, Tom. "Running Battle Washington’s War at Home". W Long Time Gone, 75–98. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125146.003.0005.
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Abstract The Vietnam War gave rise to opposition unprecedented in U.S. history. Never before had so many U.S. citizens defied their government during wartime. And yet officials often feigned disregard of antiwar protest. They made it known that foreign policy would not be made in the streets, certainly not by people who lacked the same inside information on the war that they had, or by those who were too emotional and perhaps not even rational. “Under no circumstances will I be affected whatever by it,” President Nixon declared.1 Nixon made a point of announcing that he would spend part of the afternoon of one large demonstration in Washington watching college football on television.
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Waseem, Mohammad. "Master Narrative". W Political Conflict in Pakistan, 75–148. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631300.003.0003.
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This chapter is about the master narrative of Pakistan based on metaphors and symbols belonging to the Indo-Muslim civilization. The master narrative is a big story that encompasses small stories. In Pakistan, it is steeped in conflict: Hindu-Muslim dichotomy turned into India-Pakistan rivalry, Sunni-based Islamization in conflict with Shia jurisprudence and anti-Americanism in general. The narrative focuses on construction of the Hindu demon as the "other". It analyzes the conspiracy theory as the dominant worldview. The chapter argues that Pakistan lacks historical consciousness, territorial imagination, and linguistic suppleness. The dichotomy between modernists and traditionalists has persisted all along. The chapter brings out the alternative narratives based on ethnicity at one end and Islamic agenda at the other. A battle of cultures ensued between the ruling elite and provinces such as East Pakistan and Sindh.
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Zhou, Taomo. "The Diplomatic Battle between the Two Chinas". W Migration in the Time of Revolution, 52–71. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739934.003.0004.
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This chapter details how, with the People's Republic of China winning Mainland China and the diplomatic recognition of Indonesia, the positions of the Nationalists and Communists reversed. Having switched diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, Jakarta nevertheless allowed the Chinese Nationalist Party apparatus to continue its activities until 1958. Jakarta's ambiguous attitude induced a battle for influence between the two rival Chinese governments. As a regime in exile, the Chinese Nationalist government adjusted its past policies to fit the new circumstances resulting from its retreat to Taiwan. Having lost formal diplomatic representation, the Nationalists forged clandestine alliances with the Indonesian right-wing forces through the personal networks of the remaining Chinese Nationalist loyalists. In contrast with Taipei, Beijing prioritized state-to-state diplomacy over its connections to the overseas Chinese. By suspending the activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) among the overseas Chinese and signing the Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty, Beijing attempted to ease Jakarta's concern that the ethnic Chinese could be used as a Communist fifth column.
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Austin, Walter W., Linda L. Brennan i James L. Hunt. "Legal Truth and Consequences for a Failed ERP Implementation". W Cases on Emerging Information Technology Research and Applications, 46–69. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3619-4.ch003.
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This case is inspired by a complaint and response filed in the U.S. court system. One of the case’s authors served as an expert witness in the case. Because the suit settled before going to trial, some of the details of the case are not part of the public record; therefore, the names of the companies involved have been changed and certain details disguised to protect the identity of the litigants. However, the essentials of the case remain faithful to the actual circumstances and provide a basis for analysis of decision points and a discussion of costs and responsibilities for the issues in the case. A leading manufacturer of building materials in the United States selected an integrated enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to install on its existing hardware infrastructure. This case describes the ERP selection, implementation and migration challenges, impaired functionality, and the business and legal issues that ensued due to the software’s incompatibility with the hardware. With the software not performing as expected, the vendor withdrawing its software support, and costs escalating, the manufacturer sought legal counsel.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "The circumstances of the battle that ensued"
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Zheng, Mylyn, i Adam Grant. "Unlocking Access to Healthcare: Evaluating the Efficacy of AI-Driven Diagnosis in a Mobile Application". W 5th International Conference on Advanced Natural Language Processing. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.141025.
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In today's fast-paced world, accessing quality healthcare can often feel like an uphill battle. Whether hindered by geographical barriers, long waiting times, or financial constraints, many individuals struggle to receive timely diagnoses for their health concerns. Recognizing this pressing need, we've developed an innovative solution in the form of our cutting-edge app[7].Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence, our app offers users a seamless pathway to diagnosis based on their reported symptoms. Our journey began with meticulous research to identify the most reliable AI technology, leading us to integrate ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art Large Language Model renowned for its ability to mimic professional medical responses accurately [8]. To ensure seamless functionality, we complemented this AI prowess with a robust Firebase database, facilitating efficient data storage and retrieval [9].Following rigorous development and testing phases, we're thrilled to announce that our app delivers unparalleled accuracy in diagnosis. Our trials revealed an impressive average accuracy rating of 1.8 out of 2 for common illnesses, underscoring the reliability and efficacy of our diagnostic algorithms. While initial evaluations highlighted room for improvement in symptom diversity across a spectrum of 21 illnesses, our focus on refining the app's capabilities for prevalent conditions has yielded remarkable results.Ultimately, our app stands as a beacon of accessibility in the realm of basic healthcare. By bridging the gap between individuals and vital medical expertise, we're empowering users to take proactive control of their well-being, irrespective of their circumstances. With our unwavering commitment to innovation and excellence, we're proud to revolutionize healthcare delivery and make a meaningful difference in people's lives.
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Telford, Elsie, Akari Nakai Kidd i Ursula de Jong. "Beyond the 1968 Battle between Housing Commission, Victoria, and the Residential Associations: Uncovering the Ultra Positions of Melbourne Social Housing". W The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4022pplql.
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In 1968, the Housing Commission, Victoria, built a series of high-rise towers in response to an identified metropolitan planning issue: urban sprawl and the outward growth of metropolitan Melbourne. This “solution” precipitated a crisis in urban identity. The construction of the first of a series of these modern high-rise towers at Debney Park Estate, Carlton and Park Towers, South Melbourne displaced significant immigrant communities. This became the impetus for the formation of Residential Associations who perceived this project a major threat to existing cultural values pertaining to social and built heritage. This paper examines the extremely polarising events and the positions of both the Housing Commission and the Residential Associations over the course of fifteen years from 1968. The research is grounded in an historical review of government papers and statements surrounding the social housing towers, as well as scholarly articles, including information gathered by Renate Howe and the Urban Activists Project (UAP, 2003-2004). The historical review contextualises the dramatically vocal and well-publicised positions of the Residential Associations and the Housing Commission by reference to the wider social circumstances and the views of displaced community groups. Looking beyond the drama of the heated debate sparked by this crisis, the paper exposes nuances within the positions, investigates the specifics of the lesser known opinions of displaced residents and seeks to re-evaluate the influence of the towers on the establishment of an inner urban community identity.
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Barreiro, Jose A., John S. Knowles, Carl R. Johnson, Iain D. Gordon i Lene K. Gjerde. "Successful Application of a Reinforced Composite Mat Pill Technology for Lost Circulation Control in the Norwegian Continental Shelf". W SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204062-ms.
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Abstract An operator in the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) required sufficient zonal isolation around a casing shoe to accommodate subsequent targeted injection operations. Located in the Ivar Aasen field, and classified as critical, the well had a 9 ⅝-in. casing shoe set in the depleted Skagerrak 2 reservoir. The lost circulation risk was high during cementing because the Hugin formation, located above the reservoir, contained 40 m [~ 131.2 ft] of highly porous and permeable sandstone. During previous operations in the field, lost circulation was observed before and during the casing running and cementing operations. After unsuccessful attempts to cure the losses with various lost circulation materials, a new solution was proposed to target the specific lost circulation problem by combining two types of reinforced composite mat pill (RCMP) technology. Specifically, the first type of RCMP technology was engineered for use in the viscous preflush spacer, and the second was applied to the cement slurry itself. Working in synergy, the RCMP systems mitigated the risk of incomplete zonal isolation. With no losses observed upon reaching total depth (TD) for the 12 ¼-in. hole, the 9 ⅝-in. casing was run with a reamer shoe and 15 rigid centralizers. Between 2700 and 2728 m [~ 8,858 and 8,950 ft] measured depth (MD), the rig observed constant drag of 30 to 40 MT whilst working the casing down, and circulation was completely lost before partial returns were eventually observed. The rig continued to work the string down to the planned landing depth at 3897 m [~ 12,785 ft] MD. Precementing circulation ensued with staged pump rates increasing at 100-L/min [~ 0.6-bbl/min] intervals up to 1400 L/min [~ 8.8 bbl/min], which induced losses at a rate of 6.5 m3/hour [~ 40 bbl/hour]). Subsequently, the flow rate was reduced to 1300 L/min [~ 8.1 bbl/min], and the annular volume was circulated 2.6 times with full returns. Attempts to reduce equivalent circulating density (ECD) ahead of the cementing operation were implemented at 1300 L/min [~ 8.1 bbl/min] using a low-density, low-rheology oil-based drilling fluid pill. However, a significant loss rate of 18.0 m3/hour [~113 bbl/hour] was observed. The flow rate was reduced to 950 L/min [~ 6.0 bbl/min], and partial circulation was recovered. After the spacer and cement had reached the annulus, full returns were immediately observed and continued until the top plug was successfully bumped. Acoustic logging determined that the operation had achieved the primary job objective of establishing the required length of hydraulically isolating cement in the annulus. Lost circulation is a costly problem that can be difficult to solve, even with the wide variety of technologies available (Vidick, B., Yearwood, J. A., and Perthuis, H. 1988. How To Solve Lost Circulation Problems. SPE-17811-MS). This case study demonstrates a successful solution. The operator will be able to incorporate lessons learned and best practices into future operations, and these lessons and practices will be useful to other operators with similar circumstances.