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Glasser, David Samuel. "Test factoring with amock: generating readable unit tests from system tests". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45982.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-98).
Automated unit tests are essential for the construction of reliable software, but writing them can be tedious. If the goal of test generation is to create a lasting unit test suite (and not just to optimize execution of system tests), it is essential that generated tests can be understood by the developers that will be running them, so that they can tell the difference between real and spurious failures. amock is a system which automatically generates human-readable JUnit regression tests that use mock objects to simulate the behavior of individual objects dynamically observed during a system test execution.
by David Samuel Glasser.
M.Eng.
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Jankowski, Jamie H. "Test anxiety and standardized intelligence tests". Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998jankowskij.pdf.
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Jonas, Katherine Grace. "Potential test information for multidimensional tests". Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5787.
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Test selection in psychological assessment is guided, both explicitly and implicitly, by how informative tests are with regard to a trait of interest. Most existing formulations of test information are sensitive to subpopulation variation, with the result that test information will vary from sample to sample. Recently, measures of test information have been developed that quantify the potential informativeness of the test. These indices are defined by the properties of the test, as distinct from the properties of the sample or examinee. As of yet, however, measures of potential information have been developed only for unidimensional tests. In practice, psychological tests are often multidimensional. Furthermore, multidimensional tests are often used to estimate one specific trait among many. This study develops measures of potential test information for multidimensional tests, as well as measures of marginal potential test information---test information with regard to one trait within a multidimensional test. In Study 1, the performance of the metrics was tested in data simulated from unidimensional, first-order multidimensional, second-order, and bifactor models. In Study 2, measures of marginal and multidimensional potential test information are applied to a set of neuropsychological data collected as part of Rush University's Memory and Aging Project. In simulated data, marginal and multidimensional potential test information were sensitive to the changing dimensionality of the test. In observed neuropsychological data, five traits were identified. Verbal abilities were most closely correlated with probable dementia. Both indices of marginal potential test information identify the Mini Mental Status Exam as the best measure of that trait. More broadly, greater marginal potential test information calculated with regard to verbal abilities was associated with greater criterion validity. These measures allow for the direct comparison of two multidimensional tests that assess the same trait, facilitating test selection and improving the precision and validity of psychological assessment.
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Corbeau, Joël. "Tests "Force - Vitesse", Wingate test, tests de terrain : corrélations et étude sous l'effet de l'entraînement". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUE01NR.
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Turlapati, Radhika. "Leveraging test measurements into proposing additional domain tests". [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0404101-011957/unrestricted/TurlapatiR0430.pdf.
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Durairaj, Selva Ganesh. "Parallelize Automated Tests in a Build and Test Environment". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131807.
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This thesis investigates the possibilities of finding solutions, in order to reduce the total time spent for testing and waiting times for running multiple automated test cases in a test framework. The “Automated Test Framework”, developed by Axis Communications AB, is used to write the functional tests to test both hardware and software of a resource. The functional tests that tests the software is considered in this thesis work. In the current infrastructure, tests are executed sequentially and resources are allocated using First In First Out scheduling algorithm. From the user’s point of view, it is inefficient to wait for many hours to run their tests that take few minutes to execute. The thesis consists of two main parts: (1) identify a plugin that suits the framework and executes the tests in parallel, which reduces the overall execution time of tests and (2) analyze various scheduling algorithms in order to address the resource allocation problem, which arose due to limited resource availability, while the tests were run in parallel. By distributing multiple tests across several resources and executing them in parallel, help in improving the test strategy, thereby reducing the overall execution times of test suites. The case studies were created to emulate the problematic scenarios in the company and sample tests were written that reflect the real tests in the framework. Due to the complexity of the current architecture and the limited resources available for running the test in parallel, a simulator was developed with the identified plugin in a multi-core computer, with each core simulating a resource. Multiple tests were run using the simulator in order to explore, check and assess if the overall execution time of the tests can be reduced. While achieving parallelism in running the automated tests, resource allocation became a problem, since limited resources are available to run parallel tests. In order to address this problem, scheduling algorithms were considered. A prototype was developed to mimic the behaviour of a scheduling plugin and the scheduling algorithms were implemented in the prototype. The set of values were given as input to the prototype and tested with scenarios described under case studies. The results from the prototype are used to analyze the impact caused by various scheduling algorithms on reducing the waiting times of the tests. The combined usage of simulator along with scheduler prototype helped in understanding how to minimize the total time spent for testing and improving the resource allocation process.
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Shiomi, Sachie. "Test mass metrology for tests of the equivalence principle". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/96/.
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The Equivalence Principle is accepted as one of the most fundamental principles in modern Physics. However, theories towards the unification of the four forces typically predict violations of this principle. Testing it at a high sensitivity is expected to make a breakthrough in the current understanding of Physics. A space-based project, STEP (Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle), aims at testing the principle to the level of 10\(^{−18}\). This corresponds to an improvement of the current limits, established by ground-based experiments, by approximately five orders of magnitudes. To achieve the sensitivity, imperfections in STEP test masses, such as density inhomogeneity and thermal distortion, could be a problem. This thesis presents preliminary work on the verification of STEP test masses. We have measured density inhomogeneities in materials intended to be used as STEP test masses (beryllium and niobium). In addition, we have developed a device to measure differential thermal expansion of samples that cannot be machined, by using a capacitive sensing method. It is shown that the device has a precision of approximately 0.3 % in the differential thermal expansion of beryllium. This device could in principle be applied for the measurements of the real STEP test masses in the final shape. Our analysis based on the results of our measurements and literature survey shows that it is feasible to obtain materials that satisfy STEP requirements.
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Vű, Lê Hahn. "Test et modèle UML : stratégies de planification des tests". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10088.
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Wiberg, Marie H. "Computerized achievement tests : sequential and fixed length tests". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148.
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The aim of this dissertation is to describe how a computerized achivement test can be constructed and used in practice. Throughout this dissertation the focus is on classifying the examinees into masters and non-masters depending on their ability. However, there has been no attempt to estimate their ability. In paper I, a criterion-referenced computerized test with a fixed number of items is expressed as a statistical inference problem. The theory of optimal design is used to find the test that has the strongest power. A formal proof is provided showing that all items should have the same item characteristics, viz. high discrimination, low guessing and difficulty near the cutoff score, in order to give us the most powerful statistical test. An efficiency study shows how many times more non-optimal items are needed if we do not use optimal items in order to achieve the same power in the test. In paper II, a computerized mastery sequential test is examined using sequential analysis. The focus is on examining the sequential probability ratio test and to minimize the number of items in a test, i.e. to minimize the average sample number function, abbreviated as the ASN function. Conditions under which the ASN function decreases are examined. Further, it is shown that the optimal values are the same for item discrimination and item guessing, but differ for item difficulty compared with tests with fixed number of items. Paper III presents three simulation studies of sequential computerized mastery tests. Three cases are considered, viz. the examinees' responses are either identically distributed, not identically distributed, or not identically distributed together with estimation errors in the item characteristics. The simulations indicate that the observed results from the operating characteristic function differ significantly from the theoretical results. The mean number of items in a test, the distribution of test length and the variance depend on whether the true values of the item characteristics are known and whether they are iid or not. In paper IV computerized tests with both pretested items with known item parameters, and try-out items with unknown item parameters are considered. The aim is to study how the item parameters for try-out items can be estimated in a computerized test. Although the unknown examinees' abilities may act as nuisance parameters, the asymptotic variance of the item parameter estimators can be calculated. Examples show that a more reliable variance estimator yields much larger estimates of the variance than commonly used variance estimators.
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Wiberg, Marie. "Computerized achievement tests : sequential and fixed length tests /". Umeå : Dept. of Statistics, Umeå Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148.
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Iarmak, L. P., Оксана Робертівна Гладченко, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко i Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko. "Evaluating tests". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31138.
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To produce a good test is very important. Why is this so important? For one thing, good evaluation of our tests can help us measure student skills more accurately. It also shows that we are concerned about those we teach. For example, test analysis can help us remove weak items even before we record the results of the test. This way we don’t penalize students, because of bad test questions. Students appreciate an extra effort like this, which shows that we are concerned about the quality of our exams. And a better feeling toward our tests can improve class attitude, motivation and even student performance.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31138
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Marimoutou, Vélayoudom. "Tests de spécification en économétrie : application aux tests d'éxogénéité". Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX24008.
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Le thème général est celui des tests de spécification. On entend par là un ensemble de procédures apparues récemment dans la littérature économétrique permettant une validation (ou un rejet) des hypothèses de spécification d'un modèle : choix de variables, caractère exogène de certaines d'entre elles, choix de la structure dynamique. . . Il s'agit, plutôt que de tester une hypothèse assignant une valeur spécifique aux paramètres, de se demander si la famille de probabilités retenues contient la "vraie" loi ayant engendre les données. Le travail se présente dans la forme suivante: un détour théorique destiné à exposer un cadre de travail rigoureux où les principales définitions relatives à la spécification d'un modèle statistique sont présentées en se plaçant de façon privilégiée dans un cadre bayesien. - une synthèse de la littérature récente des tests classiques de spécification en insistant sur leurs propriétés asymptotiques. - une présentation d'une approche bayesienne des tests de spécifications - un exemple d'application relative à un modèle macro-économique dynamique du marché du travail en France dans lequel est testée l'exogénéité du salaire réel dans les fonctions d'offre et de demande de travailThe main theme of this work concerns specification tests. What is meant by that is a set of procedures which has been used in the econometric literature since recent times and which allows validity or rejection of the specification hypothesis of a model : choice of variables, exogenous characteristics of some of them, choice of the dynamics structure. . . Rather than testing a hypothesis giving a specific value to parameters, one tries to find out whether the set of selected probabilities contains the "genuine" law from which data is issued. The work is organised in the following manner : - a theoretical section aimed at giving a rigorous framework where the main definitions concerning the specification of statistical model are presented within the privileged framework of a bayesian structure - a survey of recent literature on classical tests of specification with a special emphasis on their asymptotic properties. - a presentation of a bayesian approach of specification tests. - an example of application to a dynamical macro-economic model of the labour market in France in which exogeneity of the real salary is tested in the functions of labour search and supply
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Whitworth, Clifford K. "Equivalency of paper-pencil tests and computer-administered tests". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2741/.
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Are computer-administered versions of a multiple choice paper-pencil test equivalent? This study determined whether there were any significant differences between taking a traditional pencil-paper test and taking the same test using a computer. The literature has shown that there are intervening variables that have caused differences when not controlled. To prove equivalency between test modes, scores have to have similar means, dispersions, and shapes; the ranked-order of the scores must also be similar. Four tests were given over the course of a 16-week semester. The sample was divided, half taking paper-pencil tests and half taking the same test administered by a computer. The mode of administration was switched with each test administration. The analysis showed that, when the intervening variables were controlled, the two modes of administration were equivalent. The analysis used a 2x4 ANOVA, which showed no difference between test modes, but showed that each test administration was significantly different. The Levene statistic was used to test whether dispersions were equivalent and confidence intervals were established to test the kurtosis and skewness statistics. Finally, each of the test scores were transformed into their Normal Curve Equivalents so that Pearson's coefficient could be used to determine the equivalency of the ranked-orders.
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Marimoutou, Vélayoudom. "Tests de spécification en économétrie application aux tests d'exogénéité". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375994788.
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Yang, Fan Reddy Sudhakar M. Chakravarty Sreejit. "New tests and test methodologies for scan cell internal faults". [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/452.
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Andersson, Sara, i Linda Johansson. "National Tests- Teachers' Perceptions of the National Test in English". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34835.
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Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka lärares uppfattningar om det nationella provet i engelska, samt hur dessa lärare arbetar med provet för att kunna hjälpa eleverna att nå sina kursmål. Undersökningsmetoden är kvalitativ då vi intervjuat fyra lärare i engelska på en högstadieskola. Intervjufrågorna har innefattat allt från hur lärare arbetar med det nationella provet och hur de ser på provet, till hur målen med det nationella provet uppfylls. Resultatet av undersökningen är att det nationella provet underlättar lärarnas arbete. Lärarna anser även att provet fungerar som ett bra stöd då de ska betygsätta eleverna. Dock visar denna undersökning att förberedelserna till det nationella provet främst gagnar svagare elever.The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how teachers perceive and work with the national tests in order to help students meet the goals of the course. Furthermore, due to our future careers as teachers, we want to gain more insight into the role national tests play in English. This is a qualitative study based on formal in-depth interviews that can provide a good understanding of the subject and of the informants’ views. As the teachers at secondary school work with national tests yearly they were best suited as interviewees in this investigation. Four interviews were carried out with teachers and they lasted approximately 40 minutes each.The interviews touched on a variety of questions ranging from how the teachers work with the national test and how they look upon the test, to how the purposes stipulated by Skolverket regarding the national test are fulfilled. The outcome of the interviews is that the national test in general facilitates more than complicates teachers’ work. The test serves as a good support when assessing and grading the students since it can confirm the teachers’ assessment of the students’ capability. However, this study also shows that the preparation methods used before the national test benefit weaker learners more than stronger ones.
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Yang, Fan. "New tests and test methodologies for scan cell internal faults". Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/452.
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Semiconductor industry goals for the quality of shipped products continue to get higher to satisfy customer requirements. Higher quality of shipped electronic devices can only be obtained by thorough tests of the manufactured components. Scan chains are universally used in large industrial designs in order to cost effectively test manufactured electronic devices. They contain nearly half of the logic transistors in large industrial designs. Yet, faults in the scan cells are not directly targeted by the existing tests. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the detectability of the faults internal to scan cells.
In this thesis, we analyze the detection of line stuck-at, transistor stuck-on, resistive opens and bridging faults in scan cells. Both synchronous and asynchronous scan cells are considered. We define the notion of half-speed flush test and demonstrate that such new tests increase coverage of internal faults in scan cells. A new set of flush tests is proposed and such tests are applied at higher temperatures to detect scan cell internal opens with a wider range of resistances. We also propose new scan based tests to further increase the coverage of those opens. The proposed tests are shown to achieve the maximum possible coverage of opens in transistors internal to scan cells. For an asynchronous scan cell considered, two new flush tests are added to cover the faults that are not detected by the tests for synchronous scan cells. An analysis of detection of a set of scan cell internal bridging faults is described. Both zero-resistance and nonzero-resistance bridging fault models are considered. We show that the detection of some zero-resistance non-feedback bridging faults requires two-pattern tests. We classify the undetectable faults based on the reasons for their undetectability.
We also propose an enhanced logic BIST architecture that accomplishes the new flush tests we propose to detect scan cell internal opens.
The effectiveness of these new methods to detect scan cell internal faults is demonstrated by experimental results using some standard scan cells from a large industrial design.
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Milatová, Martina. "Ekotoxikologické hodnocení polymerních substancí". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216922.
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Polymers or their modifiers may become parts of a wide range of products. After the end of life cycle useful parts of the products are recycled but significant parts still become household waste. It´s therefore desirable not only by law on chemicals and chemical products, but also according to the requirements of European directive REACH, to assess the impact not only chemical but also the additives of all products or products themselves in terms of their impact on the environment. For these purposes it serves ecotoxicity tests, which allow prediction of the influence test compounds in the environment. In this diploma thesis were evaluated polypropylene modifiers, which are commercially produced. Use of ecotoxicity tests were evaluated maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride effects on the environment. Alternative tests have been used for toxicity and namely Thamnotoxkit FTM the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnotokit FTM the organism Daphnia magna. The phytotoxicity test groups were selected toxicity tests: Sinapis alba root growth inhibition toxicity test, Allium cepa L root growth inhibition toxicity test and Semi-chronic toxicity test on Lemna minor L. From marine toxicity tests was performed Acute inhibition test of brine shrimps Artemia salina.
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Jesus, Sofia Isabel Castro de. "Métodos de testes aplicacionais". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6398.
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Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de InformaçãoA atividade de Testes Aplicacionais é uma componente integrante do ciclo de desenvolvimento de uma aplicação. Inicialmente, esta tarefa estava intrinsecamente ligada à própria atividade de programação, não existindo uma definição propriamente dita. A sua evolução passou pelo desenvolvimento de técnicas, ferramentas e processos próprios que ainda hoje são alvo de melhoria. Nesta dissertação foi estudada a evolução dos Testes aplicacionais, o seu conceito, objetivos e tipos. Pretende-se demonstrar a importância dos Testes Aplicacionais, nomeadamente, dos Testes Funcionais e quais são os critérios de escolha de um método de Testes Funcionais adequado a um determinado negócio. Das pesquisas efetuadas foi elaborado uma revisão da literatura e para complementar foi efetuado um Estudo de Caso numa instituição bancária onde foi estudado o seu método de execução de Testes Funcionais. O principal resultado obtido foi a definição dos critérios de seleção de um método de Testes Funcionais. Esses critérios passam pela cultura da empresa, boas práticas, a tecnologia adotada, os custos e os próprios modelos de desenvolvimento de software.
Applicational Testing activity is an important component of the application development cycle. Initially this activity was intrinsically linked to the programming activity, but there wasn’t a specific definition. Its evolution passed through the development of techniques, tools and processes that today still are being improved. In this dissertation it was studied the Applicational Testing evolution, its concept, objectives and types. The focus of this study lies on Functional Tests, which are a type of Applicational Testing, and the respective methods. We intend to demonstrate the importance of Applicational Testing, mainly the Functional Testing and which are the criteria for choosing the appropriate method of Functional Tests that suits best for a particular business. For this research, a literature review was carried out, as well, in a banking institution a case study was elaborated in which their method of performing Functional Testing was studied. The main result that was bought about was the selection criteria for the functional testing method. Those criteria are: organizational culture, well-practice, the adopted technology, costs and the own models for software development.
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Vilela, Lucas Pimentel. "Hypothesis testing in econometric models". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18249.
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This thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter considers tests of the parameter of an endogenous variable in an instrumental variables regression model. The focus is on one-sided conditional t-tests. Theoretical and numerical work shows that the conditional 2SLS and Fuller t-tests perform well even when instruments are weakly correlated with the endogenous variable. When the population F-statistic is as small as two, the power is reasonably close to the power envelopes for similar and non-similar tests which are invariant to rotation transformations of the instruments. This finding is surprising considering the poor performance of two-sided conditional t-tests found in Andrews, Moreira, and Stock (2007). These tests have bad power because the conditional null distributions of t-statistics are asymmetric when instruments are weak. Taking this asymmetry into account, we propose two-sided tests based on t-statistics. These novel tests are approximately unbiased and can perform as well as the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) test. The second and third chapters are interested in maxmin and minimax regret tests for broader hypothesis testing problems. In the second chapter, we present maxmin and minimax regret tests satisfying more general restrictions than the alpha-level and the power control over all alternative hypothesis constraints. More general restrictions enable us to eliminate trivial known tests and obtain tests with desirable properties, such as unbiasedness, local unbiasedness and similarity. In sequence, we prove that both tests always exist and under suficient assumptions, they are Bayes tests with priors that are solutions of an optimization problem, the dual problem. In the last part of the second chapter, we consider testing problems that are invariant to some group of transformations. Under the invariance of the hypothesis testing, the Hunt-Stein Theorem proves that the search for maxmin and minimax regret tests can be restricted to invariant tests. We prove that the Hunt-Stein Theorem still holds under the general constraints proposed. In the last chapter we develop a numerical method to implement maxmin and minimax regret tests proposed in the second chapter. The parametric space is discretized in order to obtain testing problems with a finite number of restrictions. We prove that, as the discretization turns finer, the maxmin and the minimax regret tests satisfying the finite number of restrictions have the same alternative power of the maxmin and minimax regret tests satisfying the general constraints. Hence, we can numerically implement tests for a finite number of restrictions as an approximation for the tests satisfying the general constraints. The results in the second and third chapters extend and complement the maxmin and minimax regret literature interested in characterizing and implementing both tests.
Esta tese contém três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo considera testes de hipóteses para o coeficiente de regressão da variável endógena em um modelo de variáveis instrumentais. O foco é em testes-t condicionais para hipóteses unilaterais. Trabalhos teóricos e numéricos mostram que os testes-t condicionais centrados nos estimadores de 2SLS e Fuller performam bem mesmo quando os instrumentos são fracamente correlacionados com a variável endógena. Quando a estatística F populacional é menor que dois, o poder é razoavelmente próximo do poder envoltório para testes que são invariantes a transformações que rotacionam os instrumentos (similares ou não similares). Este resultado é surpreendente considerando a baixa performance dos testes-t condicionais para hipóteses bilaterais apresentado em Andrews, Moreira, and Stock (2007). Estes testes possuem baixo poder porque as distribuições das estatísticas-t na hipótese nula são assimétricas quando os instrumentos são fracos. Explorando tal assimetria, nós propomos testes para hipóteses bilaterais baseados em estatísticas-t. Estes testes são aproximadamente não viesados e podem performar tão bem quanto o teste de razão de máxima verossimilhança condicional. No segundo e no terceiro capítulos, nosso interesse é em testes do tipo maxmin e minimax regret para testes de hipóteses mais gerais. No segundo capítulo, nós apresentamos testes maxmin e minimax regret que satisfazem restrições mais gerais que as restrições de tamanho e de controle sobre todo o poder na hipótese alternativa. Restrições mais gerais nos possibilitam eliminar testes triviais e obter testes com propriedades desejáveis, como por exemplo não viés, não viés local e similaridade. Na sequência, nós provamos que ambos os testes existem e, sob condições suficientes, eles são testes Bayesianos com priors que são solução de um problema de otimização, o problema dual. Na última parte do segundo capítulo, nós consideramos testes de hipóteses que são invariantes à algum grupo de transformações. Sob invariância, o Teorema de Hunt-Stein implica que a busca por testes maxmin e minimax regret pode ser restrita a testes invariantes. Nós provamos que o Teorema de Hunt-Stein continua válido sob as restrições gerais propostas. No último capítulo, nós desenvolvemos um procedimento numérico para implementar os testes maxmin e minimax regret propostos no segundo capítulo. O espaço paramétrico é discretizado com o objetivo de obter testes de hipóteses com um número finito de pontos. Nós provamos que, ao considerarmos partições mais finas, os testes maxmin e minimax regret que satisfazem um número finito de pontos possuem o mesmo poder na hipótese alternativa que os testes maxmin e minimax regret que satisfazem as restrições gerais. Portanto, nós podemos implementar numericamente os testes que satisfazem um número finito de pontos como aproximação aos testes que satisfazem as restrições gerais.
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Sart, Mathieu. "Estimation par tests". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931868.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'estimation de fonctions à l'aide de tests dans trois cadres statistiques différents. Nous commençons par étudier le problème de l'estimation des intensités de processus de Poisson avec covariables. Nous démontrons un théorème général de sélection de modèles et en déduisons des bornes de risque non-asymptotiques sous des hypothèses variées sur la fonction à estimer. Nous estimons ensuite la densité de transition d'une chaîne de Markov homogène et proposons pour cela deux procédures. La première, basée sur la sélection d'estimateurs constants par morceaux, permet d'établir une inégalité de type oracle sous des hypothèses minimales sur la chaîne de Markov. Nous en déduisons des vitesses de convergence uniformes sur des boules d'espaces de Besov inhomogènes et montrons que l'estimateur est adaptatif par rapport à la régularité de la densité de transition. La performance de l'estimateur est aussi évalué en pratique grâce à des simulations numériques. La seconde procédure peut difficilement être implémenté en pratique mais permet d'obtenir un résultat général de sélection de modèles et d'en déduire des vitesses de convergence sous des hypothèses plus générales sur la densité de transition. Finalement, nous proposons un nouvel estimateur paramétrique d'une densité. Son risque est contrôlé sous des hypothèses pour lesquelles la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance peut ne pas fonctionner. Les simulations montrent que ces deux estimateurs sont très proches lorsque le modèle est vrai et suffisamment régulier. Il est cependant robuste, contrairement à l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance.
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Huntsman, Alice. "Combining correlated tests". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61670.
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Swee, James Lee Kong. "Pipebursting : model tests". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317820.
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Pegelow, E. J. Jr, i A. C. McAlister. "Regional Variety Tests". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208302.
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Regional variety tests were conducted at Maricopa, and Marana Agricultural Centers in continuing cooperation with the beltwide testing program. The national standards included in this test were Coker 139, Deltapine 50, and Paymaster 145. Lint yields for each variety, at both locations, are given in Table 1.
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Murnane, Owen D. "Otolith Function Tests". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1941.
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Vahabzadeh, Sefiddarbon Arash. "A study of bugs in test code and a test model for analyzing tests". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59492.
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Testing has become a wide-spread practice among practitioners. Test cases are written to verify that production code functions as expected and are modified alongside the production code. Over time the quality of the test code can degrade. The test code might contain bugs, or it can accumulate redundant test cases or very similar ones with many redundant parts. The work presented in this dissertation has focused on addressing these issues by characterizing bugs in test code, and proposing a test model to analyze test cases and support test reorganization. To characterize the prevalence and root causes of bugs in the test code, we mine the bug repositories and version control systems of 448 Apache Software Foundation projects. Our results show that around half of all the projects had bugs in their test code; the majority of test bugs are false alarms, i.e., test fails while the production code is correct, while a minority of these bugs result in silent horrors, i.e., test passes while the production code is incorrect; missing and incorrect assertions are the dominant root cause of silent horror bugs; semantic, flaky, environment related bugs are the dominant root cause categories of false alarms. We present a test model for analyzing tests and performing test reorganization tasks in test code. Redundancies increase the maintenance overhead of the test suite and increase the test execution time without increasing the test suite coverage and effectiveness. We propose a technique that uses our test model to reorganize test cases in a way that reduces the redundancy in the test suite. We implement our approach in a tool and evaluate it on four open-source softwares. Our empirical evaluation shows that our approach can reduce the number of redundant test cases up to 85% and the test execution time by up to 2.5% while preserving the test suite’s behaviour.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Xu, Youqing. "Test-Taking Processes for Banked Cloze Tests: Implications for Vocabulary Acquisition". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-7118.
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Rosén, Annie. "Development of pharmacogenetic tests and improvement of autosomal ancestry DNA test". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57977.
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This master thesis was performed at the personal genomics company DNA-Guide Europa AB. The goal was to create DNA tests for drug response and to update the already existing DNA test for autosomal ancestry. The DNA tests for drug response: The objective of this part of the master thesis was to create individual DNA test for response to each drug within different groups of medicines. The tests were meant to interest private customers. DNA-Guide uses a microarray technique for the DNA-analysis and this delimited the choice of SNPs. Inserts, deletions, repeats and copies of a whole gene can be difficult to implement on the microarray chip. The SNPs and studies used as a base for the tests had to fulfil several criteria. The studies must be large enough to prove that the association between the genotype and the response to the drug is valid among Europeans, since it’s the clientele of the company. The found association must also be strong enough to be of interest for a DNA test at DNA-Guide. If the SNPs could be implemented on the microarray chip a customer report was created about the possible results. The report had the same structure and design as those for the existing DNA tests at DNA-Guide. The work resulted in DNA tests and reports for medicines within the seven groups of medicines; anticoagulants, medicine against high cholesterol, blood pressure lowering medicine, asthma inhalers, antidepressants, birth-control pills and antiretroviral drugs. The DNA test for autosomal ancestry: The purpose of the update was to enhance to customers understanding of their results and the construction of the test. The update resulted in a description of how the used algorithm processes the results (from the DNA analysis) and a guide to interpret the results of the test. Conclusions: Both the DNA tests for drug response and the updated DNA test for autosomal ancestry can add value for the customers at DNA-Guide. The DNA tests for drug response can offer an explanation to why a medicine does not have an effect or reveal if the customer has higher risk of adverse effects. Even though recommendations for dosage or treatment could not be provided in almost all of the created DNA tests, being aware of the higher risk can be the first step to avoid adverse effects. The update of the DNA test report for autosomal ancestry resulted in a better description of the algorithm and limitations of the test, which can enhance the customers’ understanding of their results.
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Bertoluzzo, Francesco. "Methodological advances in permutation tests: Multi-sided tests and related topics". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427374.
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The initial objective of this work was to test the effect of a general treatment on three-dimensional surfaces. The analysis of three-dimensional surfaces has several problems of different nature. Firstly ordinary statistical tests are not directly pplicable to collected data on the surface using laser scans for two reasons: the number of collected points is not the same for all subjects, moreover the points are not synchronized in the sense that points related to different subjects, but having the same position in the digital sequence, can be related to different areas of the surface. This problem has been solved by using Radial Basis Functions that provide coefficients to which statistical procedures can be applied directly applied. The
problem is complicated by the fact that the treatment may generate on some coefficients positive effects on some subjects and negative effects on others and also the number of coefficients obtained from the representation is far greater than the number of subjects. The multi-sided test is born to
solve the first of these problems. Its development in onparametric environment has helped also to solve the second problem. The use of the multi-sided test has proved to be useful in many situations, where the effect of a treatment can be positive on some individuals and negative on the rest. Such a situation is essentially different from that of the traditional two-sided test, in which the alternative is assumed being active on only one of two directions, but not on both. The ultisided-test
allows the two sides alternative to be jointly active although in different subjects. In order to face such an atypical situation, one can first apply two goodness-of-fit tests, one for the positive
effects and the other for the negative, and then to proceed with their nonparametric combination within a permutation framework. The use of permutation test is also useful in the context where the number of variables is muchlarger than the number of subjects, since it can be proven that, if some conditions are satisfied,the power function of permutation tests monotonically increases as the related noncentrality parameter increases. This property also holds for multivariate situations.
Finally, with appropriate multiplicity control techniques we can identify the areas of surfaces that are mostly affected by the treatment.L'interesse iniziale di questo lavoro era testare l'effetto di un generico trattamento applicato a superfici tridimensionali. L'analisi di superfici tridimensionali presenta diversi problemi di varia natura. Innanzi tutto, ai dati rilevati sulle superfici per mezzo di scansioni laser non sono direttamente applicabili test statistici per almeno due motivi: il numero di punti rilevati non èlo stesso per tutti i soggetti, i punti non sono sincronizzati nel senso che punti riferiti a soggetti diversi, ma aventi la stessa posizione nella sequenza digitale, possono essere riferiti ad aree diverse della superficie. Questo problema è stato risolto utilizzando Funzioni a Base Radiale che forniscono dei coefficienti a cui è possibile applicare direttamente le procedure statistiche. Il problema è complicato dal fatto che il trattamento può generare, per alcuni coefficienti, degli effetti positivi su alcuni soggetti e negativi su altri e inoltre il numero dei coefficienti fornito dalla rappresentazione è notevolmente superiore al numero delle osservazioni. Per risolvere il primo di questi problemi è nato il multi-sided test. Il suo sviluppo in ambiente non parametrico ha contribuito a risolvere il secondo problema. Questo test è applicabile nelle situazioni in cui l'effetto di un trattamento può essere positivo su alcuni individui e negativo sugli altri. Tale situazione è sostanzialmente diversa da quella considerata nei tradizionali test bilaterali nei quali si assume che solo una delle due alternative può essere attiva, non entrambe. Il test multi-sided considera attive congiuntamente le due direzioni anche se in soggetti diversi. Al fine di affrontare questa situazione atipica, si possono applicare prima due ``goodness-of-fit'' tests, uno per gli effetti positivi e l'altro per quelli negativi e procedere poi con la loro combinazione non parametrica per via permutazione. Nelle situazioni in cui il numero di variabili è maggiore del numero di osservazioni, come nell'analisi di superfici, è conveniente utilizzare i test di permutazione poiché la potenza del test globale che si ottiene dalla combinazione dei test parziali, fatte salve alcune condizioni, aumenta monotonicamente al crescere della noncentralità. Infine, con opportune tecniche di correzione per la molteplicità è possibile identificare zone delle superfici maggiormente interessate dal trattamento.
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Vilela, Lucas Pimentel. "Wald tests for IV regression with weak instruments". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11222.
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This dissertation deals with the problem of making inference when there is weak identification in models of instrumental variables regression. More specifically we are interested in one-sided hypothesis testing for the coefficient of the endogenous variable when the instruments are weak. The focus is on the conditional tests based on likelihood ratio, score and Wald statistics. Theoretical and numerical work shows that the conditional t-test based on the two-stage least square (2SLS) estimator performs well even when instruments are weakly correlated with the endogenous variable. The conditional approach correct uniformly its size and when the population F-statistic is as small as two, its power is near the power envelopes for similar and non-similar tests. This finding is surprising considering the bad performance of the two-sided conditional t-tests found in Andrews, Moreira and Stock (2007). Given this counter intuitive result, we propose novel two-sided t-tests which are approximately unbiased and can perform as well as the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) test of Moreira (2003).
Esta dissertação trata do problema de inferência na presença de identificação fraca em modelos de regresso com variáveis instrumentais. Mais especificamente em testes de hipóteses com relação ao parâmetro da variável endógena quando os instrumentos são fracos. O principal foco é nos testes condicionais unilaterais baseados nas estatísticas de razão de máxima verossimilhança, score e Wald. Resultados teóricos e numéricos mostram que o teste t condicional unilateral baseado no estimador de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios tem uma boa performance mesmo na presença de instrumentos fracamente correlacionados com a variável endógena. A abordagem condicional corrige uniformemente o tamanho do teste t e quando a estatística F populacional é tão pequena quanto dois, o poder do teste é próximo ao power envelope tanto de testes similares quanto de não similares. Tal resultado é surpreendente visto a má performance dos testes t’s condicionais bilaterais relatada em (6, Andrews, Moreira and Stock (2007)). Dado esse resultado aparentemente contra intuitivo, apresentamos novos testes t’s condicionals bilaterais que são aproximadamente não viesados e performam, em alguns casos, tão bem quanto o teste condicional baseado na estatística de razão de verossimilhança de ( 19 , Moreira (2003)).
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Parr, Anita M. "TEACHER MADE TEST RELIABILITY: A COMPARISON OF TEST SCORES AND STUDENT STUDY HABITS FROM FRIDAY TO MONDAY IN A HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY CLASS IN MONROE COUNTY OHIO". Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1142864088.
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Gao, Hua. "The effect of different anchor tests on the accuracy of test equating for test adaptation". Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1089917802.
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Kim, Nahee. "Test preparation and identity : cases of Korean test takers preparing tests of English speaking proficiency". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37764.
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With the rapid growth in high-stakes testing in recent decades, we have witnessed the phenomenon of large groups of test takers investing increasing amounts of time, resources and energy on test preparation. Their goal is to achieve scores that will enable them to make life defining choices. For many of them, I have discovered that test preparation requires engaging in pressurised practice to achieve a high score rather than engaging in meaningful learning. This research has found the test preparation experience to be a critical experience that impacts on an individual’s life. Until now, we have not known why and how learners prepare to take tests, nor how they construct their identities as test takers, or are constructed by the test preparation. One objective of this study is therefore to examine Korean test takers’ preparation practices for English-speaking proficiency tests from the test takers’ perspectives. The second major objective is to examine how the act of test preparation affects test takers’ identity. The qualitative methodology adopted to investigate these issues included interviews with test takers and observation of test preparation classes in Korea. The data were analysed using coding and thematic categorisation. It was found that test takers tended to study in cram schools, and that preparation was dependent upon instructors and the test for which they were preparing. The study revealed a complex situation with regard to identity construction, related to: (1) personal goal and test preparation choice, (2) English mediated identity in speaking activities and (3) self-conflicts over time. It is suggested that the impact of test preparation on a test taker’s identity may be devaluation of a sense of self. The implications of the study are to raise awareness of the importance of links between test preparation and identity in the field of language testing and teaching.
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Penna, Karen Elisa do Vale Nogueira. "Testes HEGY de raízes unitárias sazonais: efeitos de observações atípicas, erros de medida e quebras estruturais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-22062009-132914/.
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O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo de testes de sazonalidade em séries temporais lineares. O texto é resultado de uma vasta pesquisa abrangendo diversos artigos e livros relacionados ao tema. Inicialmente, um teste de raízes unitárias correspondente a frequências sazonais para dados trimestrais é apresentado. Esse teste é denominado procedimento HEGY e permite que raízes unitárias sejam testadas em algumas frequências sazonais isoladas, sem assumir que raízes unitárias estejam presentes em todas as frequências sazonais. Em seguida, a extensão desse teste para dados mensais é analisada e um teste mais poderoso que combina o procedimento trimestral e mensal é apresentado. Observações atípicas e erros de medida são estudados, a fim de avaliar os efeitos que causam no comportamento dos testes de raízes unitárias e de apresentar um teste que contemple a correção de atipicidades. Por fim, é analisada a robustez assintótica do procedimento HEGY na presença de quebras estruturais (mudança de magnitude finita na média sazonal) e um teste mais poderoso que incorpora a quebra estrutural é apresentado. A fim de ilustrar e complementar as análises teóricas apresentadas, algumas aplicações em séries temporais reais são desenvolvidas. Os dados analisados foram obtidos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e o software utilizado para análise foi o R.This current paper is a testing study for seasonality in time linear series. The text is the result of an extensive search covering several articles and books related to this subject. Initially, a test of unit roots corresponding to seasonal frequencies in quarterly data is presented. This test is called procedure HEGY and it allows the unit roots to be tested in some isolated seasonal frequencies, without assuming that the unit roots are present at all seasonal frequencies. Then, the extension of this test to monthly data is analyzed and a test that combines the most powerful procedure is presented quarterly and monthly. Atypical observations and errors of measurement are studied to evaluate the effects that they can cause on the behavior of the unit root tests and to present a test that includes the correction of this difference. Finally, we examined the asymptotic robustness procedure HEGY in the presence of structural breaks (finite magnitude of change in seasonal average) and a more powerful test that incorporates a structural break is introduced. In order to illustrate and complement the presented theoretical analysis, some applications in real time series are developed. The data were obtained from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and the R software was used for the analysis.
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Petersén, Elin. "Examining maintenance cost of automated GUI tests : An empirical study of how test script design affects the maintenance of automated visual GUI tests". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171783.
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GUI testing is expensive to perform manually. Software systems involving a heterogeneous set of components exclude the applicability of specific GUI testing techniques. Visual GUI Testing (VGT) is a test automation technique that combines image recognition with scripts. It applies to almost any GUI driven application. VGT is proven to be cost-effective in comparison with manual testing. Still, it is expensive to maintain. This study investigates if test script design by following specific guidelines positively affects maintenance costs. A case study was conducted to identify best practices for VGT w.r.t. maintenance time. Four VGT versions were developed for each manual test case. These consisted of two design versions, with/without guidelines, for the two VGT-tools EyeAutomate and Sikuli. Data was collected using time measurements, observations, and interviews. Results highlighted differences in initial development time and maintenance time between the two design versions. In total, 44 observations were collected. 17 were related to the design versions, 17 to the VGT-tools, and 10 to VGT in general, initial development, and the system under test. The interviews collected the perceptions of VGT in general, maintenance of the different VGT versions, and guidelines. In conclusion, the combination of the guidelines did not have a positive effect on maintenance in terms of costs and experience. However, some of the individual guidelines did. A rationale why the guidelines did not give the desired result was identified. Future research is necessary to investigate other combinations of guidelines, such as those identified as beneficial.
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Dalatun, Sveinung, Simon Inge Remøy, Thor Kristian Ravnanger Seth i Øyvind Voldsund. "Decreasing Response Time of Failing Automated Tests by Applying Test Case Prioritization". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13989.
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Running automated tests can be a time-consuming task, especially when doing regression testing. If the sequence of the execution of the test cases is arbitrary, there is a good chance that many of the defects are not detected until the end of the test run. If the developer could get the failing tests first, he would almost immediately be able to get back to coding or correcting mistakes. In order to achieve this, we designed and analyzed a set of test case prioritization techniques. The prioritization techniques were compared in an experiment, and evaluated against two existing techniques for prioritizing test cases.Our implementation of the prioritization techniques resulted in a tool called Pritest, built according to good design principles for performance, adaptability and maintainability. This tool was compared to an existing similar tool through a discussion.The problem we address is relevant for the increased popularity of agile software methods, where rapid regression testing is of high importance. The experiment indicates that some prioritization techniques perform better than others, and that techniques based on code analysis is outperformed by techniques analyzing code changes, in the context of our experiment.
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Hewitt, David. "Exploring ore grindability tests with the steel wheel abrasion test (SWAT) machine". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86573.
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Steel media wear has been well studied and quantified; one method of quantification is the Comminution Dynamics Lab's Total Media Wear model. It combines simulations, abrasion and corrosion experimental trials to determine wear for the components of milling and grinding ores and minerals for the mining industry. Breakage is an important measure of process efficiency, the greater the number of breakage events per unit energy consumed, the greater the throughput and production. The classic breakage parameter, the Bond Work Index generates an energy term used by mill operators to determine this performance criterion. It has been suggested that the abrasion test, used in the Total Media Wear Model, would be a suitable alternative to the labour and time-consuming Bond Locked-cycle Test. Extensive tests were performed in order to ascertain the possibility of obtaining these two desired results from a single two-minute test. Different steel media samples were tested at different energy levels, and finally by testing under wet and dry conditions. Dry and wet testing did not generate the same wear results. Wear and breakage rates were higher under wet conditions. In general, the size distribution of the abrasive feed evolved into a product with a finer size distribution. Statistical analysis of the data obtained suggests that there is indeed a linear relationship between the energy input into the system and the resultant Work Index value. These results support the suggestion that this test will be able to recreate the Bond Work Indices for minerals; however, more work is required in order to build a working database and determine appropriate correlation factors.L'usure des composants ferriques dans les procédés minéralurgiques et un sujet bien étudié. Le laboratoire « Comminution Dynamics » a McGill à crée un modèle nommé « Total Media Wear Model » pour prédire le temps de l'avance nécessaire avant lequel il faudra remplacer les blindages et boulettes. Cette modèle comprend des simulations informatiques et des tests de laboratoire. Une autre mesure utilisée par les contremaitres et operateurs c'est le « Bond Work Index ». L'index donne une valeur approximative pour prédire la consommation d'énergie des moulins. Un test du style « Bond » exige beaucoup d'effort, et temps. Récemment, il a été suggérer qu'on pouvait obtenir des valeurs pour le « Bond Work Index » en utilisant un procédé modifié pour un des tests du « Total Media Wear Model ». Différentes nuances d'acier on été testé avec des niveaux d'énergie variées et sous des conditions sec et humide. Les résultats on démontré que les tests sec/humides n'était pas nécessairement équivalent, de plus, un changement dans la distribution granulométrique s'est produit entre la charge et le produit. Et finalement, l'analyse des données suggère qu'il y a une relation entre la valeur calculée de « Work Index » et l'énergie introduit dans la système. Ces résultats confirment les croyances qu'on pourra déterminer la valeur de « Bond Work Index » en même temps que les données du « Total Media Wear Model ». Cependant, il faudra des tests supplémentaires pour plusieurs types de minéraux. Cela pourra crée une base de données avec lequel des facteurs de corrélations pourront être déterminer.
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Van, Moere Alistair. "Group oral tests : how does task affect candidate performance and test scores?" Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507288.
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A series of studies were conducted to investigate the validity of a group oral test as administered at a university in Japan. The research investigated the sources of test score variance and asked to what extent candidates' group discussion test scores were reliable measures of their proficiency. The research also investigated to what extent the discourse in the group discussion test task was generalizable to discourse on other kinds of group oral tasks. Three studies were conducted. Study 1 was a repeated measures design in which 113 candidates were tested on the discussion task on two successive occasions, and the consistency of their test scores was analysed. In Study 2,188 candidates were tested on the group discussion task and other estimations of their proficiency were additionally collected. The amount of talk candidates produced in the test was analysed in order to find whether this affected the scores they received. Study 3 was also a repeated measures design in which 64 candidates were tested on three different group oral tasks: - II -discussion,c onsensus-reachinga, nd picture difference. The candidates' test scores and discourse were analysed to find how generalizable their performances were across the task types. Additionally, the candidates' reactions to the tasks were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The findings show that contextual factors such as discussion topic, group interlocutors, and task characteristics led to significant variation in discourse and test scores across test occasions. The findings further show that the group discussion task elicited only a limited range of interactions, and therefore may not be representative of the language use domain. The implications are that test designers can elicit a wider range of interactions from candidates in group tests by introducing task characteristics which increase goal orientation and reactivity. This also lessens the impact of discussion topic and inter-personal group dynamics on candidates' performances
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Bakhiet, Mohammed. "Automated Tests of Computer-based Interlocking Systems : Developing a test case generator". Thesis, KTH, Industriella informations- och styrsystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152817.
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Automated tests have become the most sought after method of testing in today’s market. Automating systems is generally found to be cheaper, faster and more reliable than manually operating them. For this reason many companies decide to make the switch over to this inexpensive yet efficient way of testing, only to realize that their costs have in fact gone up. The reasons for this could be poor planning, automating too much too soon or even automating unnecessary parts of the system. This study takes a closer look at the effects of automating tests used on interlocking systems. A tool has been developed as a part of the automated tests at Bombardier. The main function of the tool is to speed up the testing process by automatically generating test cases rather than having a worker write them down. The aim of this paper is to present this recently developed tool and show how its use significantly reduces testing time, costs and workload compared to the manual tests used today.
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Whelpley, Christopher E. "How to Score Situational Judgment Tests: A Theoretical Approach and Empirical Test". VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3592.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how the method used to a score situational judgment test (SJT) affects the validity of the SJT both in the presence of other predictors and as a single predictor of task performance. To this end, I compared the summed score approach of scoring SJTs with item response theory and multivariate items response theory. Using two samples and three sets of analyses, I found that the method used to score SJTs influences the validity of the test and that IRT and MIRT show promise for increasing SJT validity. However, no individual scoring method produced the highest amount of validity across all sets of analyses. In line with previous research, SJTs added incremental validity in the presence of GMA and personality and, again, the method used to score the SJT affected the incremental validity. A relative weights analysis was performed for each scoring method across all the sets of analyses showing that, depending on the scoring method, SJT score may account for more criterion variance than either GMA or personality. However, it is likely that the samples were influenced by range restriction present in the incumbent samples.
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Merrell, Andrew William 1970. "Test interpretation: A data-based approach using two tests of morphosyntactic skills". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278476.
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This study evaluated empirically the Test for Examining Expressive Morphology and the Patterned Elicitation Syntax Test with Morphophonemic Analysis to determine their capacity to aid in answering the following diagnostic questions: (1) "Is there a language impairment" and (2) "What are the specific areas of deficit?" For the first question, a discriminant analysis using 40 preschool children (20 with specific language impairment (SLI), and 20 with normally developing language) revealed 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity for each test. For the second question, an item analysis revealed inconsistent pass/fail rates and low point-to-point agreement for SLI children's performance on items targeting the same morphosyntactic structure across tests. Given their high discriminant capacity, but inconsistent item-level performance, both tests proved appropriate diagnostic tools for question 1 but inappropriate for question 2.
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Troyka, Rebecca J. "An investigation of item difficulty in the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, fourth edition". Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/560300.
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Introduced in 1986, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition differs radically from its predecessors. Because of the adaptive testing format and the limited number of items given to each subject, it is especially important that consecutive levels in each of the tests increase in difficulty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the progression of difficulty among items in the Fourth Edition.Three hundred sixty-four subjects f iii Indiana who ranged in age from 3 years, 0 months to 23 years, 4 months were administered the Fourth Edition. The study was limited to those subjects earning a Composite SAS Score at or above 68.Data were presented to indicate trends in the difficulty of each item as well as in the difficulty of each level in the Fourth Edition. Three research questions were answered. 1.) Are the items at each level equally difficult? 2.) Are the levels in each test arranged so that the level with the least difficult items is first followed by levels with more and more difficult items? 3.) In each test is an item easier for subjects who have entered at a higher level than it is for subjects who have entered at a lower level?The results supported the hypotheses, confirming that the Fourth Edition is a solidly constructed test in terms of item difficulty levels. Most item pairs within a level were found to be approximately equal in difficulty. Nearly all of the levels in each test were followed by increasingly more difficult levels. And each item was found to be more difficult for subjects entering at a lower entry level than for those entering at a higher entry level with very few exceptions. For these few discrepancies found, there was no reason to believe that these were caused by anything other than chance.Department of Educational Psychology
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COOK, PAUL CHRISTOPHER. "CULTURAL BIAS IN THE CALIFORNIA ACHIEVEMENT TESTS: A FOCUS ON INTERNAL INDICES". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184017.
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This research focused on the cultural bias in the items the California Achievement Tests (CAT). Performance variability was examined across all individual items of the CAT for the third graders from four ethnic groups. A sample of 1600 third grade children was randomly selected from population of children attending various elementary schools in the state of Arizona. Four hundred subjects within each ethnic group were matched for sex, ethnicity, and grade level. A two-factor (items scores and ethnicity) ANOVA procedure was used to examine the interaction between the item performances and ethnicity for groups of Anglo and Black, Hispanic, and American Indian on all individual test items of the eight subtest of the CAT. An examination of obtained findings revealed that a total of 31 items were found to be as culturally biased against Hispanic, Blacks, and Native-American children. Of these items, thirty were biased toward American Indians, six items were biased toward Hispanics, and four items were biased toward Blacks. Some items were biased toward more than one ethnic group. Twenty-eight items identified as biased belonged to five of the six language subtests and three items are part of one of the two mathematics subtests. It should be noted that even though most of the items (98%) did not reveal any statistical evidence of bias, there were only four items (1.9%) on which minority group children performed higher than did the Anglo children. The overall direction of the findings would seem to suggest that most of the content of the CAT is free from cultural bias.
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Miller, Ashley K. "Examining the Errors and Self-Corrections on the Stroop Test". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1274111033.
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Wünsche, Andreas. "Statistische Tests bei Unschärfe". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-5298687.
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Statistische Tests beim Vorliegen unscharfer Daten (Fuzzy-Daten) und zum Testen unscharfer Hypothesen werden untersucht. Tests für den (unscharfen) Erwartungswert einer unscharfen Zufallsvariable (Fuzzy-Zufallsvariable) werden konstruiert. Die Gütefunktionen werden zum Vergleich der verschiedenen Tests bestimmt. Die angegebenen Tests sind dabei zum Teil optimal. Es wird aufgezeigt, wann bei Tests für scharfe Daten deren Verunschärfung nicht mit in die Testentscheidung einbezogen werden muss und wann die Einbeziehung zu einer Verbesserung der Testentscheidung führt. Weiter wird gezeigt, wie und wann die Erweiterung der Teststatistik, des P-Wertes und des zum Test gehörigen Konfidenzintervalles zur gleichen unscharfen Testfunktion führen. Beim Testen unscharfer Hypothesen werden klassische Begriffe wie maximale Wahrscheinlichkeit für den Fehler 1.Art zum einen scharf zum anderen unscharf verallgemeinert. Für beide Fälle ist, mit diesen verallgemeinerten Begriffen und unter gewissen Voraussetzungen, ein optimaler Test bestimmbar.
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Narimani, Ali. "Cosmological tests of gravity". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58729.
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General Relativity (GR) has long been acclaimed for its elegance and simplicity, and has successfully passed many stringent observational tests since it was introduced a century ago. However, there are two regimes in which the theory has yet to be fully challenged. One of them is in the neighbourhood of very strong gravitational fields, and the other is the behaviour of gravity on cosmological scales. While strong field gravity has challenged theorists because of the desire to find consistency between GR and quantum mechanics, cosmology has motivated extensions to GR via the empirical discoveries of dark matter and dark energy. In this thesis, we study a diverse range of modifications to GR and confront them with observational data. We discuss how a generic theory of modified gravity can be parameterized for studies within cosmology, and we introduce a general parameterization that is simpler than those that have been previously considered. This parameterization is then applied to investigate a specific theory, known as ``gravitational aether''. The gravitational aether theory was created to solve one of the theoretical inconsistencies that exists between GR and quantum mechanics, namely the fact that vacuum fluctuations appear not to gravitate. Cosmology is unique in testing this theory, and we find that the gravitational aether solution is excluded when all of the available cosmological data are combined. Nevertheless, a generalization of this theory provides a consistent way to describe the strength of coupling between pressure and gravity, and we present the most accurate measurements of this coupling parameter. In addition, we discuss the constraints that can be placed on modified gravity models using the latest data from cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combined with several other probes of large-scale structure. Currently the most accurate CMB anisotropy measurements come from the Planck 2015 CMB power spectra, which we use, along with other cosmological data sets, to perform an extensive study of modified theories of gravity. We find that GR remains the simplest model that can explain all of the data. We end with a discussion of the prospects for future experiments that can improve our understanding of gravity.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Cassart, Delphine. "Optimal tests for symmetry". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210693.
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Dans ce travail, nous proposons des procédures de test paramétriques et nonparamétrique localement et asymptotiquement optimales au sens de Hajek et Le Cam, pour trois modèles d'asymétrie. La construction de modèles d'asymétrie est un sujet de recherche qui a connu un grand développement ces dernières années, et l'obtention des tests optimaux (pour trois modèles différents) est une étape essentielle en vue de leur mise en application.
Notre approche est fondée sur la théorie de Le Cam d'une part, pour obtenir les propriétés de normalité asymptotique, bases de la construction des tests paramétriques optimaux, et la théorie de Hajek d'autre part, qui, via un principe d'invariance permet d'obtenir les procédures non-paramétriques.
Nous considérons dans ce travail deux classes de distributions univariées asymétriques, l'une fondée sur un développement d'Edgeworth (décrit dans le Chapitre 1), et l'autre construite en utilisant un paramètre d'échelle différent pour les valeurs positives et négatives (le modèle de Fechner, décrit dans le Chapitre 2).
Le modèle d'asymétrie elliptique étudié dans le dernier chapitre est une généralisation multivariée du modèle du Chapitre 2.
Pour chacun de ces modèles, nous proposons de tester l'hypothèse de symétrie par rapport à un centre fixé, puis par rapport à un centre non spécifié.
Après avoir décrit le modèle pour lequel nous construisons les procédures optimales, nous obtenons la propriété de normalité locale asymptotique. A partir de ce résultat, nous sommes capable de construire les tests paramétriques localement et asymptotiquement optimaux. Ces tests ne sont toutefois valides que si la densité sous-jacente f est correctement spécifiée. Ils ont donc le mérite de déterminer les bornes d'efficacité paramétrique, mais sont difficilement applicables.
Nous adaptons donc ces tests afin de pouvoir tester les hypothèses de symétrie par rapport à un centre fixé ou non, lorsque la densité sous-jacente est considérée comme un paramètre de nuisance.
Les tests que nous obtenons restent localement et asymptotiquement optimaux sous f, mais restent valides sous une large classe de densités.
A partir des propriétés d'invariance du sous-modèle identifié par l'hypothèse nulle, nous obtenons les tests de rangs signés localement et asymptotiquement optimaux sous f, et valide sous une vaste classe de densité. Nous présentons en particulier, les tests fondés sur les scores normaux (ou tests de van der Waerden), qui sont optimaux sous des hypothèses Gaussiennes, tout en étant valides si cette hypothèse n'est pas vérifiée.
Afin de comparer les performances des tests paramétriques et non paramétriques présentés, nous calculons les efficacités asymptotiques relatives des tests non paramétriques par rapport aux tests pseudo-Gaussiens, sous une vaste classe de densités non-Gaussiennes, et nous proposons quelques simulations.
Doctorat en sciences, Orientation statistique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Pu, Wenji. "Tests of bivariate normality". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/MQ38403.pdf.
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Silva, Joao Manuel Caravana Santos. "Score tests in microeconometrics". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335454.
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Dominguez, Ferrero Ramon. "Radiation Tests for MATS". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246082.
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MATS (Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy) is a small satellite that will belaunched in 2019. The satellite will fly in low-earth orbit obtaining data from Noctilucent Clouds andthe oxygen Airglow phenomenon. The satellite is equipped with CCDs prepared to capture images ofthe mesospheric events. The image signal needs to be processed by an analog chain before reachingthe ADC. Satellites in orbit and their components are susceptible of being affected by ionizingradiation originated from the space.Electronic devices are affected in an ionization process, interfering with their functionality andperformance. Tests need to be done over the MATS components to guarantee that the transmissionof the signals is not affected by the radiation and the satellite is able to maintain its performance. Theaim of this thesis is to explain the tests carried to analyze the different MATS components at similarradiation conditions as the real mission and to find the most adequate substitutes in case of the nonsuitabilityof the original components.MATS (Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy) är en satellit som kommer attskjutas upp i 2019. Satelliten ska flyga i en låg omloppsbana och avbilda nattlysande moln och syreluftsken (airglow). Satelliten har CCD detektorer för att ta bilder av dessa fenomen i mesosfären.Sensorernas signaler behöver behandlas av en analog kedja innan de når ADC. Satelliter på bana ochderas komponenter kan påverkas av joniserande strålning från rymden.Elektronikenheter påverkas i en joniseringsprocess, som stör deras funktionalitet och prestanda.Tester måste göras över MATS komponenter för att garantera att överföringen av signalerna intepåverkas av strålningen och satelliten kan bibehålla sin prestanda. Syftet med detta arbete är attförklara de tester som utförts för att analysera de olika MATS-komponenterna vid liknandestrålningsförhållanden som det verkliga uppdraget och att hitta de mest lämpliga ersättningar ifall deursprungliga komponenterna visar sig inte vara lämpliga.