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Sjöberg, Rickard L. "Children's testimony /". Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-124-1/.
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Guelke, John. "Testimony and Accountability". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503764.
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Mischler, Steven J. "Testimony Without Belief". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49109.
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In my thesis I ask the epistemological question: If a speaker testifies to some proposition p to some hearer, and the hearer learns that p, must that speaker believe that p? Those who maintain the traditional view in the epistemology of testimony claim that testimony is primarily a way in which speakers transmit beliefs to hearers. If this is the case, then in order to transmit the belief that p, the speaker must be in possession of a belief that p. Other epistemologists reject this view altogether and argue that when speakers stand in the right sort of epistemic relation to the statements they issue they properly testify. My project carves out a position between these two views. I argue that speakers need not believe p, but speakers must be in some appropriate epistemic state with respect to p in order to properly testify to p. On my view, understanding is among the epistemic states that can place a speaker in the right sort of epistemic relation to p. Thus, if p is a consequence of a speaker's understanding of a subject, the speaker is licensed to testify that p.Master of Arts
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Ferreira, Pedro João Bem-Haja Gabriel. "Psychophysiology of eyewitness testimony". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22797.
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Doutoramento em PsicologiaAs testemunhas oculares são muitas vezes o único meio que temos para aceder à autoria de um crime. Contudo, apesar dos 100 anos de evidência de erros no testemunho ocular, a consciência das suas limitações como meio de prova só ganhou força no advento do ADN. De facto os estudos de exoneração mostraram que 70 % das ilibações estavam associadas a erros de testemunho ocular. Estes erros têm um impacto social elevado principalmente os falsos positivos, por colocar inocentes na prisão. De acordo com a literatura, deverão ser utilizadas novas abordagens para tentar reduzir o numero de erros de identificação. Destas abordagens, destacam-se a análise dos padrões de movimentos oculares e os potenciais evocados. Nos nossos estudos utilizamos essas novas abordagens com o objetivo de examinar os padrões de acerto ou de identificação do criminoso, usando um paradigma de deteção de sinal. No que diz respeito aos movimentos oculares, não foram encontrados padrões robustos de acerto. No entanto, obtiveram-se evidências oculométricas de que a fusão de dois procedimentos (Alinhamento Simultâneo depois de um Alinhamento Sequencial com Regra de Paragem) aumenta a probabilidade de acerto. Em relação aos potenciais evocados, a P100 registou maior amplitude quando identificamos um inocente. Este efeito é concomitante com uma hiperactivação no córtex prefrontal ventromedial (CPFVM) identificada na análise de estimação de fontes. Esta hiperativação poderá estar relacionada com uma exacerbação emocional da informação proveniente da amígdala. A literatura relaciona a hiperativação no CPFVM com as falsas memorias, e estes resultados sugerem que a P100 poderá ser um promissor indicador de falsos positivos. Os resultados da N170 não nos permitem associar este componente ao acerto na identificação. Relativamente à P300, os resultados mostram uma maior amplitude deste componente quando identificamos corretamente um alvo, mas não diferiu significativamente de quando identificamos um inocente. Porém, a estimação de fontes mostrou que nessa janela temporal (300-600 ms) se verifica uma hipoativação dos Campos Oculares Frontais (COF) quando um distrator é identificado. Baixas ativações dos COF estão relacionadas com redução da eficiência de processamento e com a incapacidade para detetar alvos. Nas medidas periféricas, a eletromiografia facial mostrou que a maior ativação do corrugador e a menor ativação do zigomático são um bom indicador de quando estamos perante um criminoso. No que diz respeito ao ritmo cardíaco, a desaceleração esperada para os alvos devido à sua saliência emocional apenas foi obtida quando a visualização de um alvo foi acompanhada por um erro na identificação (i.e., um falso negativo). Neste trabalho de investigação parece que o sistema nervoso periférico está a responder corretamente, identificando o alvo, por ser emocionalmente mais saliente, enquanto que a modulação executiva efectuada pelo CPFVM conduz ao falso positivo. Os resultados obtidos são promissores e relevantes, principalmente quando o resultado de um erro poderá ser uma condenação indevida e, consequentemente, uma vida injustamente destruída.
Eyewitnesses are often the only way we can access the author of a crime. However, despite 100 years of evidence of errors in eyewitness testimony, awareness of its limitations only gained strength with the advent of DNA. In fact, 70% of exonerations have been associated with eyewitness errors. These errors have a high social impact, mainly false positives. According to the literature, new approaches to try to reduce the number of identification errors should be used. Of these, the study of oculometric patterns and event-related Potentials (ERP) stand out. In our studies, these new approaches were used with the objective of examining patterns of accuracy, using a signal detection paradigm. Regarding eye movements, no entirely clear patterns were found. However, there was oculometric evidence that the merging of two procedures (Simultaneous Lineup after a Sequential Lineup with Stopping Rule) increases performance accuracy. Regarding ERPs, the P100 registered a larger amplitude when an innocent was identified. This effect is concomitant with a hyperactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) identified by source estimation analysis. This hyperactivation might be related to an emotional exacerbation of the information coming from the amygdala. The literature relates the hyperactivation in the VMPFC with false memories, and these results suggest that the P100 component might be a promising marker of false positive errors. The results of the N170 do not allow to associate this component with accuracy. Regarding the P300, the results showed a greater amplitude of this component when a target was correctly identified but did not differ significantly from when an innocent was identified. However, source analysis in this time window (300-600 ms) showed a hypoactivation of Frontal Eye Fields (FEF) when a distractor was identified. FEF inactivations are related to the reduction of processing efficiency and to the inability to detect a target. Concerning the peripheral measures, facial electromyography showed that the greater activation of the corrugator and the lower activation of the zygomaticus are a good marker of when we are facing a perpetrator. Regarding heart rate, the expected deceleration for the targets due to their emotional salience was only obtained when the visualization of a target was accompanied by an error in the identification (i.e., a miss). In this research it seems that the peripheral nervous system is responding correctly, identifying the target, because it is emotionally more salient, while the executive modulation carried out by the VMPFC causes the false positive error. The results presently obtained are promising and relevant, especially when the result of an error might be an undue condemnation of an innocent and consequently a destroyed life.
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Peet, Andrew. "Testimony, context, and miscommunication". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7705.
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This thesis integrates the epistemology of testimony with work on the epistemology, psychology, and metaphysics of language. Epistemologists of testimony typically ask what conditions must be met for an agent to gain testimonial justification or knowledge that p given that p has been asserted, and this assertion has been understood. Questions regarding the audience's ability to grasp communicated contents are largely ignored. This is a mistake. Work in the philosophy of language (and related areas) suggests that the determination and recovery of communicated contents is far from straightforward, and can go wrong in many ways. This thesis investigates the epistemology of testimony in light of this work, with a special focus on miscommunication. The introduction provides a brief overview of some relevant work on testimony, the philosophy of language, and psychology, and argues that there is good reason to investigate the three. One obvious problem in this area is that if testimonial knowledge requires knowledge of what is said then the risk of miscommunication will block testimonial knowledge. Chapter two argues that testimonial knowledge does not require knowledge of what is said. The remaining four chapters discuss problems which do to arise from miscommunication. Chapters three and four focus on the epistemic uncertainty of communication with context sensitive terms. Chapter three argues that many beliefs formed on the basis of context sensitive testimony are unsafe and insensitive. Chapter four argues that speakers often have plausible deniability about the contents of their assertions. Chapters five and six explore types of miscommunication which arise as a result of background mental states affecting our linguistic understanding. Chapter five explores the social/ethical consequences of this, arguing that certain groups are disproportionately subject to harmful misinterpretation. Chapter six argues that testimonial anti-reductionists make the wrong predictions about a range of cases of cognitive penetration.
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Stoffle, Richard W. "Testimony of Richard Stoffle". University of Arizona Libraries, Special Collections, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316421.
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Briggs, Rachael (Rachael Amy). "Partial belief and expert testimony". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47829.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. [83]-86).
My dissertation investigates two questions from within a partial belief framework: First, when and how should deference to experts or other information sources be qualified? Second, how closely is epistemology related to other philosophical fields, such as metaphysics, ethics, and decision theory? Chapter 1 discusses David Lewis's "Big Bad Bug", an argument for the conclusion that the Principal Principle-the thesis that one's credence in a proposition A should equal one's expectation of A's chance, provided one has no inadmissible information-is incompatible with Humean Supervenience-the thesis that that laws of nature, dispositions, and objective chances supervene on the distribution of categorical properties in the world (past, present, and future). I map out the logical structure of the Big Bad Bug, survey a range of possible responses to it, and argue that none of the responses are very appealing. Chapter 2 discusses Bas van Fraassen's Reflection principle-the thesis that one's current credence in a proposition A should equal one's expected future credence in A. Van Fraassen has formulated a diachronic Dutch book argument for Reflection, but other authors cite counterexamples to Reflection that appear to undermine the credibility of diachronic Dutch books. I argue that a suitably qualified version of Reflection gets around the counterexamples. I distinguish between Dutch books that reveal incoherence-like the diachronic Dutch book for conditionalization-and Dutch books that reveal a type of problem I call selfdoubt. I argue that violating Reflection is a type of self-doubt rather than a type of incoherence.
(cont.) Chapter 3 argues that the halfer and thirder solutions to Adam Elga's Sleeping Beauty problem correspond to two more general approaches to de se information. Which approach is right depends on which approach to decision theory is right. I use Dutch books and scoring rules to argue that causal decision theorists should favor the approach that corresponds to thirding, while evidential decision theorists should favor the approach that corresponds to halfing.
by Rachael Briggs.
Ph.D.
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Ip, Pui Shum. "A theological concept of testimony". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=196207.
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This thesis explores the notion of testimony as a theological concept. The task of this thesis is twofold: first, to analyze several exemplary instances of appropriating philosophical resources in the construction of the concept of testimony in biblical and theological writings, and to consider the aptness of these attempts in terms of the effects they produce when recounting the event of Jesus’ resurrection; second, using the dogmatic and systematic ideas of Karl Barth and Wolfhart Pannenberg, to explore the possible conceptual structure and substance apposite to a theological understanding of testimony. Accordingly, the argument put forward in this thesis is twofold. First, philosophies of witness tend to establish the existence of witness around the natural human capacity of memory, imagination and reflection. Divine agency in the constitution and continuous operation of witness is consistently missing from these models. Their infiltration into biblical studies and theology has resulted in a failure to generate a stable and perspicuous theological meaning of Jesus’ resurrection, and has brought about a circumvention of the event’s historicity. Second, Barth’s theological construal of testimony, in contrast to Pannenberg and the philosophical models sampled in this study, lays stress on the self-witness of the triune God as the ontological ground of human testimony. This ontology is repeatedly underscored by Barth as he explicates the reality, history and transmission of Christian witness. A theological understanding of Christian witness must begin with the selftestimony and agency of God, in contrast to an understanding that pitches testimony as an independent species of epistemology.
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Dovsten, Evelina. "Every sampling is a testimony". Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6969.
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A self portrait. With an auto ethnographic study method and my own craft; glass making I examine tacit knowledge. A portrait not only of me, but also the human in need of control. An invite to look at our society and see how the measurable is in charge and positivistic science have the leading position in knowledge production. I aim for the subjective, the knowledge stored in my body which is passed on through making, in to the glass to be kept.
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Enright, Helena. "Theatre of testimony : a practice-led investigation into the role of staging testimony in contemporary theatre". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3639.
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The use of personal testimony in theatre is a central component to the practice of Verbatim Theatre. Verbatim Theatre is a form of documentary theatre and is enjoying an increased popularity on world stages in recent years. The last decade, in particular, has seen both established and emerging playwrights incorporating the testimony of others into their scripts. This has led to various concerns and questions pertaining to the practical and moral implications of the work particularly surrounding issues of authorship, authenticity, truth, aesthetics, theatricality and ethics. This study is a practice-led enquiry. A central component to the study is the writing and performance of three plays in order to arrive at a better understanding of these challenges. Three original plays, Walking Away, Under Pressure and Aquéro are presented in a series of case studies accompanied by a critical and reflexive analysis on the practice of writing and staging each play. This examination investigates both the creation of these plays – from interview to writing – and their performance – from the perspective of the playwright and to a lesser extent the actor, in addition to contextualising the ethical and moral ramifications involved in this type of practice. The Introduction explores a few of the general problems and challenges around the practice of staging testimony, outlines the nature of the research project and is followed by a discussion on practice-as-research and my particular research methodology and ethic. The dissertation is then divided into three parts. Chapter One begins with an overview of the documentary form and considers developments in the form that have facilitated the staging of testimony. The chapter then considers the terms Verbatim Theatre and Theatre of Testimony, arguing for a distinction to be made between the two terms and why Theatre of Testimony is the term most suited to my practice. It contends with an examination of the epistemology of testimony that new knowledge can be generated by attending to and nurturing the narrative essence of testimony. This chapter also examines the significance of the site of production of the testimonies and the extent to which this impacts on the dramaturgical choices made by the playwright. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the main questions, problems and challenges that have been identified by theatre practitioners, scholars and critics regarding the use of testimony in theatre. Part Two comprises of Chapters Two, Three and Four, which discuss the case studies. Each chapter provides a context for the research project, a script of the play, a DVD of a performance of the play and critical and reflexive commentary on the practice of writing and staging the play. The final section, Part Three, presents concluding thoughts on the research outcomes and considers the value and potential efficacy of employing ‘reportage’ as a legitimate dramaturgical choice when staging personal testimonies. Accompanying this thesis are three DVDs which include recordings of each script in performance.
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Uribe, García Julián Alberto. "El testimonio existencial como categoría pedagógica. Una fundamentación teórica". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665100.
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Esta es una investigación de tipo cualitativo, circunscrita en el paradigma hermenéutico, que utiliza la investigación documental como método para conceptualizar el testimonio existencial en clave pedagógica, es decir, como una objetivación comunicativa del educador capaz de desencadenar en el educando procesos formativos o una identidad narrativa articuladora de una secuencia temporal tripartita (pasado, presente, futuro). Para ello, adopta los planteamientos de Ricoeur relativos a la triple mímesis, los cuales permiten identificarlo como un discurso narrativo (configuración) que media entre la experiencia de existir (prefiguración) y la interpretación que hace el destinatario o el receptor de la misma (refiguración). Teniendo como telón de fondo la “época del testigo” (Wieviorka) emergida del giro narrativo y la supremacía progresiva y avasallante de una educación de corte científico, este estudio reitera la necesidad sentida por muchos, pero frecuentemente desatendida, de que una educación que realmente tienda a la “antropogénesis” (Fullat) debe armonizar ciencia (logos) y sapiencia (mythos), pues si la primera le refiere al ser humano cómo es la realidad, la segunda coadyuva a que pueda soportarla con sentido y habitar salutíferamente el mundo. Es aquí, precisamente, donde se enclava y adquiere vigencia el testimonio existencial, puesto que no es con fórmulas axiomáticas deductivas ni proposicionales como mejor puede transmitirse e inspirarse la experiencia de existir, sino a través del testimonio que contiene una sabiduría producto no sólo de la connatural localización mundana del ser humano, sino de su decisión resuelta de arrostrar la negatividad intrínseca al existir mediante la creación de su vida como obra de arte.This is a qualitative type research, circumscribed at hermeneutical paradigm which uses documental research as method to conceptualize the existential testimony in pedagogical key, in other words, as educator’s communicative objectification capable to trigger on students formative processes or an articulated narrative identity of a tripartite temporal sequence (past, present and future). For all this, adopts Ricoeur’s approaches relative to the triple mimesis, which permit to identify it as a narrative speech (configuration) that mediates between existence experience (prefiguration) and the interpretation made by the recipient or receptor of it (refiguration). Having like backcloth “the age of witness” (Wieviorka) emerged form narrative turn and the overwhelming and progressive supremacy of a scientist cut education, this study reiterates necessity felt by lots, but frequently unattended, that an education really tends to “anthropogenesis” (Fullat) must to harmonize science (logos) and sapience (mythos), since the first refers to human being as reality is, the second contributing to can support it with sense and to reside healthy in the world. Is just here, precisely, where enclaves and acquires validity the existential testimony, due to is not using axiomatic deductive formulas either not propositional ones as better can be transmitted and inspired the existence experience, but across to testimony that contents wisdom as product not only from human being mundane connatural localization, but of it determinated decision of drag intrinsic negativity to exist through its own life creation as a piece of art.
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Murray, Donna Diana. "Hypnotically induced testimony and the courts". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1996. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/153.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Waxman, Zoë Vania. "Writing the Holocaust : identity, testimony, representation /". Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41056871t.
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Dubreuil, Susan C. (Susan Catherine) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Courtroom preparation of hypnotic and nonhypnotic eyewitnesses; jurors' perceptions of witness testimony and the impact of expert testimony". Ottawa, 1994.
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Cordaro, Luisa. "Anna Maria Ortese, a testimony of time". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/NQ41129.pdf.
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Van, Roekel Christina Marie. "Homing to Authenticity: Iowa Testimony in "Gilead"". The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09172009-080046/.
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Iowa history reveals a long-term progressive stance towards implementing civil liberties laws. Yet many outside of the state equate Iowa with staid provincialism because of its rural isolation in the American heartland. Novelist Marilynne Robinsons Gilead brings attention to a little known time in Iowa history when residents were actively involved in the Underground Railroad. Her protagonist, John Ames, recalls family stories of past activism from a hundred year vantage point. Due to the gradual, but pervasive homogeneity of his Iowa small town, Ames struggles with implementing his progressive, yet abstract ethics into practice. Ames journals about his specialized homing in memories, which show how Iowans have struggled with their past and present pursuit of equality and fairness. This essay corroborates Amess recollections with an investigation into place, society and the past, as it relates to rural Iowa communities, by exploring the causality of the states more liberal legislation and the tension created when actual application comes into play. Research of the past reveals that in the absence of historical touchstones common to other regions, Iowans must fall back upon local stories to create continuity. Robinsons Gilead follows unspoken customs in Midwestern storytelling by telling about real events, people, times and places. Gilead was published in 2004, yet Robinsons protagonist lives in 1956. Amess examination of the past, and along with his own struggles, caution of the dangers from resting on the laurels of ones forbearers. The invasion of a subconscious racism in 1956 Gilead offers a warning for todays society, which may have become complacent after the reforms during the 1960s. Yet the blessing Ames eventually is able to give his adult namesake provides a positive model of hope for the future to his young son and wife. Amess testimony encourages Iowans and readers in general about the value of contemplating past history since the stories in Gilead demonstrate a sense of eternal connection with humanity. Additionally, Gileads homing in memories and reflections maintain authenticity according to Iowa analysis while offering hope and encouragement to readers about the value of continuing to strive for fairness and empathy.
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Saxton, Elizabeth Ann. "Invisible evidence : ethical issues in filmic testimony". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616071.
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Ridley, Anne M. "The effect of anxiety on eyewitness testimony". Thesis, University of East London, 2003. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1227/.
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Anxiety at the time of interview in witnesses to a crime has received scant attention from researchersin the eyewitnesst estimony field. In this thesis, the effects of state and trait anxiety on memory accuracy, suggestibility and confidence of accuracy were investigated. In addition, with respect to suggestibility, the effects of anxiety at the time of encoding misleading information was evaluated and compared to the effects of anxiety at the time of its possibler etrieval as a suggestibler esponse. Five laboratory-based studies were conducted. The first three used a standard suggestibility paradigm and anxious mood was induced by an experimental manipulation. The fourth study was a source identification experiment and the fifth was a line-up recognition study. The fourth and fifth studies both used questionnaire measures of state anxiety. Questionnaire measures of trait anxiety were used in all experiments. Neither state nor trait anxiety was found to affect memory accuracy, measured by cued-recall in Studies I to 3, nor did anxiety affect correct attributions to source in Study 4. In Study 5 there was a modest improvement in identification accuracy in the high state-anxious group, but only when the target was present in the line-up. Misleading post-event information (MPI) did not lead to suggestibility in Study 5, but it did affect accuracy. There was a strong effect of NTI in all other studies with misinformed groups more suggestible than controls. However, anxiety moderated the effect of MPI, with high state anxiety (whether experimentally induced or measured by questionnaire) being associated with reductions in suggestibility. In contrast, trait anxiety was associated with higher levels of suggestibility, but the effects of state anxiety were stronger. In Studies I-3 it was found that anxiety at either the encoding or the retrieval of WI generally resulted in lower levels of suggestibility. Anxiety affected confidence of memory accuracy, with more accurate confidence judgements generally observed in low anxious participants. In contrast, anxiety did not affect confidence in responsesto questionst esting suggestibility. Overall, the findings indicate that elevated state anxiety at interview does not adversely affect eyewitness performance and can reduce the negative effects of WI. Results are discussed in the light of both theories of cognition and emotion, for example cognitive biases associated with anxiety, and eyewitness testimony research,. in particular theories of suggestibility.
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McCann, Sharon. "Testimony in the work of Charles Reznikoff". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283944.
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Fawcett, Hannah Elizabeth. "An investigation into deceptive alibi witness testimony". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2012. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20199/.
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'Weak' alibi evidence is the second leading cause of false convictions although psychological research on this issue is scarce. Understanding the factors contributing to the provision of false alibi witness testimony will highlight whether judicial instructions about alibi witness evidence are required to ensure fair investigations and trials. Utilising experimental and quasi-experimental research this thesis represents the first systematic investigation into the influences upon alibi witness deception. Study 1 set out to explore the factors influencing perceptions of deceptive alibi witness evidence in order to highlight the variables requiring further analysis later in the thesis. The study found that perceptions of false alibi evidence acceptability were influenced by an interaction between the type of deceptive evidence provided by the alibi witness (lie, false confession, evasion, omission) and the alibi witness' perceptions of the defendant's guilt (guilty, innocent, unsure of guilt). A qualitative content analysis supported these quantitative findings and also suggested that perceptions of the criminal justice system, knowledge of legal sanctions and the relationship between defendant and alibi witness were important in alibi evaluations. These factors were investigated further in the subsequent studies. Although study 1 highlighted the importance of deception type in alibi witness deception, the alibi research to date has examined solely alibi witness lies meaning there is no existing measure of alibi witness deception types that could be utilised in the thesis. Thus study 2 details the development of the False Evidence Questionnaire (FEQ) which found that alibi witness deception to consists of two factors; Omissions and Commissions. This supported the significant effect of deception type found in study 1. To further explore the role of attitudes to the criminal justice system in alibi witness deception study 2 also developed a multifaceted questionnaire; the Attitudes towards the Police and Courts Questionnaire (APCQ), to improve on previous one-dimensional measures of attitudes to the criminal justice system. The APCQ had five factors; Police Institution, Court Functioning, Punishment, Treatment of the Accused, Personal Safety. The structures of the FEQ and APCQ were demonstrated to be reliable and have a strong theoretical underpinning. Study 3 revealed that the APCQ Police Institution factor and participant age significantly predicted both the Commissions factor of the FEQ. Moreover, the APCQ Police Institution factor, participant age and the APCQ Court Functioning factor also predicted FEQ Omissions. These findings suggest that by improving perceptions of the police, false alibi witness evidence may be discouraged. Study 4 explored whether the significant effect of age could be attributed to increased awareness of legal sanctions amongst older adults. However, the study found that FEQ Omissions and Commissions are not influenced by punishment awareness illustrating that educating the public about the sanctions for false alibi evidence is unlikely to deter this behaviour. Study 5 used a mock police interview to gain a more ecological valid measure of the relationship between alibi witness and defendant upon alibi witness honesty. This revealed a significant association between unmotivated alibi witnesses (individuals with no/limited prior relationship to the defendant) and honesty inmock police interviews. Surprisingly, motivated alibi witnesses (individuals with an existing relationship with the defendant) were not found to have a significant association with either honesty or deception in the interviews. These findings support the conceptualisation of alibi witness deception as an altruistic act influenced by estimations of reciprocation likelihood. The study also found alibi witness intended honesty and actual honesty in the police interview were correlated, therefore validating the use of prospective questionnaire methods as utilised in studies 3 and 4. The final study demonstrated that although alibi witness motivation had a significant effect on mock juror perceptions of alibi witness honesty, this bias did not affect perceptions of defendant reliability or case verdicts. Nonetheless, judicial directions may be necessary to counteract juror scepticism towards motivated alibi witnesses. The thesis represents a unique development in the understanding of deceptive alibi witness evidence, the findings of which direct implications for criminal justice practice as well as future alibi research.
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Williams, Sara-Jayne. "Can the child witness provide accurate testimony?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/28387d5a-f353-40c0-ab8b-9b3c88dec6da.
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Bunte, Pamela, i Robert Franklin. "Testimony of Pamela Bunte and Robert Franklin". University of Arizona Libraries, Special Collections, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316428.
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MONDAL, GOPI NATH. "The epistemology of testimony: reductionism vs antireductionism". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/385002.
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Abstract
This dissertation discusses one of the most fundamental issues of the epistemology of testimony, that is, how the hearer ascribes trustworthiness to the speaker’s testimony. For this discussion, I focus on two theories, namely reductionism and anti-reductionism. My discussion is based on justified true belief (JTB) theory of knowledge. However, in the history of Western epistemology, controversy exists regarding the possibility of the JTB theory. Without entering the controversy I accept the definition of Knowledge it provides.
In Chapter One and Two, I formulate David Hume’s concept of testimony and then argue that the Humean account of testimony is a type of local reductionism. Some epistemologists contend that Hume’s concept of testimony is a type of global reductionism. However, I reject this view. In Chapter Three, I discuss Elizabeth Fricker’s concept of local reductionism and further argue that there is no disagreement between Hume’s concept of local reductionism and Fricker’s concept of local reductionism.
In Chapter Four and Five, I analyse the anti-reductionist account of Tyler Burge and Jennifer Lackey. In particular, I analyse Burge’s apriori defense of anti-reductionism, and Lackey’s formulation of minimal anti-reductionism.
Finally, I argue that both reductionism and anti-reductionism emphasize one aspect of epistemology of testimony only. Reductionism tries to explain why the hearer should accept the speaker’s testimony after verification and anti-reductionism explains why the hearer should accept speaker’s testimony without any verification. Yet, both theories are incomplete and I contend that an alternative theory is needed for the epistemology of testimony. I present one alternative theory already present in the literature, namely Lackey’s dualism. After criticizing Lackey’s account, I defend a new theory, which I called contextualism.
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Bennett, Peter Henry, i res cand@acu edu au. "On the Deeper Purposes of Testimony: A philosophical study of the relationship between testimony and the emergence of mind". Australian Catholic University. School of Philosophy, 2007. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp151.19052008.
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This dissertation argues for the truth of two fundamental premises: that testimony is the primary source of knowledge in human beings, and that testimony accounts for the emergence and formation of human minds. The thesis argues that the human ability to perceive as…, to remember as…, and to infer as…, is due to the say-so of others. All human beings, in virtue of being sentient beings, are able to experience both the external world and their own private states of consciousness, this work contends, however, that our ability to experience as… is a consequence of our emergence in a world of epistemic transactions and encounters, the most basic of which are explicated by the epistemological notion of testimony. The work argues, then, that we live in an interpreted world – a world interpreted by those who have gone before us. The thesis argues further, that the world-view that is built within us as a consequence of the sayings of others, induces and forms human minds. The work makes a strong commitment to the Kantian categories and that philosopher’s thesis of Transcendental Idealism. On the shoulders of the Kantian a priori, however, the dissertation argues that the formation of human doxastic structures is due to what one’s epistemic elders say about what is. As such, the thesis seeks to establish a fundamental link between ontology, epistemology, and the concept of mind. The work proposes a view of the concept of truth that synthesises the Correspondence Theory of Truth, the Coherence Theory of Truth, with a theory of meaning – I name this synthesis a Unified Theory of Truth. Extensive consideration is given to the concept of evidence and the role of trust in epistemic transactions. The work concludes with a consideration of the possibility that human beings may be able to have experiences as… that transcend the ways of ‘seeing’ that are due to testimony. An explanatory theory is posited that the writings and testimonies of mystics provide evidence that human beings are capable of meaningful experiences which cannot be accommodated by the conceptual structures that otherwise make meaning possible. The dissertation is argued in seven chapters and is constructed thus: Chapter One The thesis is stated in four premises: 1. that the testimony of others, with respect to what is the case (or may be the case), is the primary source of our beliefs about what is the case (or may be the case) 2. that the testimony of others provides adequate relevant grounds for one to claim to know what is the case 3. that education is testimony 4. that the formation and emergence of mind is due to testimony Significant presuppositions are identified and discussed. A brief argument in support of the thesis is posited. Reference is made to the evolution of the argument and the overall structure and organisation of the project is elucidated. Chapter Two The second chapter is dedicated to a detailed and extensive analysis of epistemic justification. I argue that the ‘evidence condition’ of the tripartite analysis of propositional knowledge is sometimes misapplied by those who argue that its function is to verify propositions. I argue that its function is to justify beliefs and that it does not verify that p – the evidence condition ‘tracks’ the belief condition, not the truth condition. I also examine the concept of evidence itself. Chapter Three A detailed examination of the concepts of ‘testimony’, ‘epistemic dependence’ and ‘epistemic independence’ is undertaken. I argue for the centrality and primacy of testimony in the formation of beliefs and subsequently one’s doxastic structures. I argue that testimony plays a fundamental role in the process of education and that this fact points to its significance and importance in epistemic transactions and the emergence of rational and self-reflective minds. Chapter Four In the fourth chapter I advert to the difficulty encountered in (a) embracing a strong commitment to intellectual autonomy and (b) accepting the say-so of others on trust. In the light of this observation, I undertake a linguistic conceptual analysis of the concept of trust and then examine the role trust plays in the acquisition of beliefs. I argue that the concept of trust does not exclude critical appraisal, but that when one trusts, one must be disposed to act in a certain way. I argue that although trust does play a fundamental role in formation of beliefs induced by the say-so of others, this does not make impossible critical appraisal of the attestations of others. Chapter Five In this chapter I note my agreement with other philosophers that testimony is the speech-act of attesting, but put up an argument that it is also the speech-act of informing. In consequence I undertake an analysis of the concept of information and examine the mechanisms and processes which are at work that enable ‘bits’ to become information for an entity or system. I argue that because testimony is the speech-act of informing, it is involved in the actual formation of human minds and, therefore, that we can attribute to testimony a deeper purpose than merely attesting to certain states of affairs. I argue that testimony builds, for human beings, a world-view and that it plays a fundamental role in how we come to interpret the experience of being. Chapter Six In the sixth and penultimate chapter I develop my thoughts on the relationship between a priori understandings, testimony, and meaning. I argue that there is a logical relationship between belief acquisition, meaning, and the emergence of fully developed human minds. In this chapter I give consideration to the possibility of thought, belief, and the existence of mind in non-human animals and pre-linguistic humans. I argue that there are good reasons to believe that non-human animals think and maybe develop understandings, but that the possession of mind, in the sense that one can be mindful and therefore attach meaning to experience and be conscious of self, is limited to human beings. I underwrite this view by adverting to the centrality of testimony within the human condition. Chapter Seven In the final chapter of this dissertation I move to a more speculative mode of philosophising and consider whether or not there may be meaningful human experiences which are not interpreted through the conceptual schema acquired as a consequence of the say-so of others. I undertake this speculation by examining the testimony of those who claim to have perceived God directly and those who seek to speak of purported mystical experiences. I also consider some counter-arguments to my thesis that have not been examined in previous chapters. I conclude that there may be meaningful experiences for human beings that lie beyond interpretation and that concepts such as ‘ineffability’ point to our attempts to speak of experiences which transcend our doxastic structures.
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Bennett, Peter Henry. "On the deeper purposes of testimony: A philosophical study of the relationship between testimony and the emergence of mind". Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2007. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/a74fdffbf3e1d446202011fc819219ade4510ee0be0f4a628160aa0cf59ce717/1787478/64797_downloaded_stream_22.pdf.
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This dissertation argues for the truth of two fundamental premises: that testimony is the primary source of knowledge in human beings, and that testimony accounts for the emergence and formation of human minds. The thesis argues that the human ability to perceive as..., to remember as..., and to infer as..., is due to the say-so of others. All human beings, in virtue of being sentient beings, are able to experience both the external world and their own private states of consciousness, this work contends, however, that our ability to experience as... is a consequence of our emergence in a world of epistemic transactions and encounters, the most basic of which are explicated by the epistemological notion of testimony. The work argues, then, that we live in an interpreted world - a world interpreted by those who have gone before us. The thesis argues further, that the world-view that is built within us as a consequence of the sayings of others, induces and forms human minds. The work makes a strong commitment to the Kantian categories and that philosopher's thesis of Transcendental Idealism. On the shoulders of the Kantian a priori, however, the dissertation argues that the formation of human doxastic structures is due to what one's epistemic elders say about what is. As such, the thesis seeks to establish a fundamental link between ontology, epistemology, and the concept of mind. The work proposes a view of the concept of truth that synthesises the Correspondence Theory of Truth, the Coherence Theory of Truth, with a theory of meaning - I name this synthesis a Unified Theory of Truth. Extensive consideration is given to the concept of evidence and the role of trust in epistemic transactions. The work concludes with a consideration of the possibility that human beings may be able to have experiences as... that transcend the ways of 'seeing' that are due to testimony.;An explanatory theory is posited that the writings and testimonies of mystics provide evidence that human beings are capable of meaningful experiences which cannot be accommodated by the conceptual structures that otherwise make meaning possible. The dissertation is argued in seven chapters and is constructed thus: Chapter One The thesis is stated in four premises: 1. that the testimony of others, with respect to what is the case (or may be the case), is the primary source of our beliefs about what is the case (or may be the case) 2. that the testimony of others provides adequate relevant grounds for one to claim to know what is the case 3. that education is testimony 4. that the formation and emergence of mind is due to testimony Significant presuppositions are identified and discussed. A brief argument in support of the thesis is posited. Reference is made to the evolution of the argument and the overall structure and organisation of the project is elucidated. Chapter Two The second chapter is dedicated to a detailed and extensive analysis of epistemic justification. I argue that the 'evidence condition' of the tripartite analysis of propositional knowledge is sometimes misapplied by those who argue that its function is to verify propositions. I argue that its function is to justify beliefs and that it does not verify that p - the evidence condition 'tracks' the belief condition, not the truth condition. I also examine the concept of evidence itself. Chapter Three A detailed examination of the concepts of 'testimony', 'epistemic dependence' and 'epistemic independence' is undertaken. I argue for the centrality and primacy of testimony in the formation of beliefs and subsequently one's doxastic structures. I argue that testimony plays a fundamental role in the process of education and that this fact points to its significance and importance in epistemic transactions and the emergence of rational and self-reflective minds.;Chapter Four In the fourth chapter I advert to the difficulty encountered in (a) embracing a strong commitment to intellectual autonomy and (b) accepting the say-so of others on trust. In the light of this observation, I undertake a linguistic conceptual analysis of the concept of trust and then examine the role trust plays in the acquisition of beliefs. I argue that the concept of trust does not exclude critical appraisal, but that when one trusts, one must be disposed to act in a certain way. I argue that although trust does play a fundamental role in formation of beliefs induced by the say-so of others, this does not make impossible critical appraisal of the attestations of others. Chapter Five In this chapter I note my agreement with other philosophers that testimony is the speech-act of attesting, but put up an argument that it is also the speech-act of informing. In consequence I undertake an analysis of the concept of information and examine the mechanisms and processes which are at work that enable 'bits' to become information for an entity or system. I argue that because testimony is the speech-act of informing, it is involved in the actual formation of human minds and, therefore, that we can attribute to testimony a deeper purpose than merely attesting to certain states of affairs. I argue that testimony builds, for human beings, a world-view and that it plays a fundamental role in how we come to interpret the experience of being. Chapter Six In the sixth and penultimate chapter I develop my thoughts on the relationship between a priori understandings, testimony, and meaning. I argue that there is a logical relationship between belief acquisition, meaning, and the emergence of fully developed human minds. In this chapter I give consideration to the possibility of thought, belief, and the existence of mind in non-human animals and pre-linguistic humans.;I argue that there are good reasons to believe that non-human animals think and maybe develop understandings, but that the possession of mind, in the sense that one can be mindful and therefore attach meaning to experience and be conscious of self, is limited to human beings. I underwrite this view by adverting to the centrality of testimony within the human condition. Chapter Seven In the final chapter of this dissertation I move to a more speculative mode of philosophising and consider whether or not there may be meaningful human experiences which are not interpreted through the conceptual schema acquired as a consequence of the say-so of others. I undertake this speculation by examining the testimony of those who claim to have perceived God directly and those who seek to speak of purported mystical experiences. I also consider some counter-arguments to my thesis that have not been examined in previous chapters. I conclude that there may be meaningful experiences for human beings that lie beyond interpretation and that concepts such as 'ineffability' point to our attempts to speak of experiences which transcend our doxastic structures.
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van, Voorthuysen Hannah. "Witnessing the socially dead : testimony, violence, and Sarah". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37374.
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This paper critiques the assumption, common in academic studies on survivor testimony, that trauma or pain renders the witness speechless. Through an in-depth analysis of Sarah, an extremely marginalised, socially dead, survivor-witness of multiple violences during times of war and peace in northern Uganda, I consider how such witnesses communicate in embodied ways to outline the nature of violences that they experience. Given that witnessing is a relational practice, I then explore the creative, empathetic, and imaginative ways that researchers or listeners should respond to such testimonies in order to do justice to the testimony told.
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Kilby, Jane. "Animated testimony : feminism, witnessing and childhood sexual trauma". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369467.
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Rennie, Garth Richard Lionel. "Academic politics : testimony, confession and the academic subject". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412284.
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Maras, Katie. "Eyewitness testimony by adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder". Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1145/.
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Eyewitness testimony is central to the criminal justice system, and may include that given by individuals with ASD. Despite the memory difficulties that are experienced by people with ASD, sparse research to date has examined the reliability of their testimony. This thesis presents a series of experiments that are aimed at exploring factors affecting eyewitness testimony in adults with ASD. Findings across five experiments suggest that individuals with ASD can recall as much and as accurately as their typical counterparts if they are interviewed appropriately. It seems that high-functioning ASD individuals at least are no more or less suggestible than their typical counterparts, and that both ASD and typical individuals modulate memory with arousal typically as demonstrated by their attenuated forgetting rates over time for arousing events compared to neutral events. However, a particularly pertinent finding from the present work was that the widely used police Cognitive Interview (CI) not only fails to increase the reporting of details by individuals with ASD, but it also significantly reduces their accuracy of recall. It seems that the main component of the CI - „context reinstatement‟ - is problematic for individuals with ASD, not because they fail to encode an event with its contextual details to start with, but because they have difficulty in following the CI‟s series of verbal instructions in order to retrieve this context to trigger their memory of the event. Findings indicate that recall by individuals with ASD can in fact be aided by more supportive context cues: when they physically return to the same environmental context in which they encoded the event their recall is enhanced to that of their typical counterparts. These findings have important implications for ascertaining the reliability of reports given by witnesses with ASD and highlight that, whilst the CI should not be used to interview them, there may be appropriate context-supportive interviewing techniques that can help to enhance their recall. A number of future research directions are highlighted by the present findings. These are discussed along with the implications and limitations of this work in the final chapter.
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Engelbrecht, Mandy Renée. "Unconfessed : a female slave's testimony / Mandy Renée Engelbrecht". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8690.
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Although well documented in terms of historical significance, very little is known about South African slaves’ experience of slavery. Except for a few accounts by slaves such as Emilie Lehn and Katie Jacobs, South African slave narratives (unlike their American counterparts) never received much attention. This can be ascribed to, among other things, the prominence of apartheid on the South African social scene and the shame associated with a slave past or being of slave ancestry. As a result of the lack of information regarding the experience of these slaves, fictional narratives such as The Slave Book by Rayda Jacobs and Philida by André Brink have succeeded in filling this gap by making use of historical documents, such as court documents and slave registers, to create stories of slaves.
Yvette Christiansë’s Unconfessed makes a notable contribution to South African literature, both in terms of subject matter and narrative technique. This novel directs the reader’s attention to a part of South African history that has been neglected in literature and society. It addresses oppression, racism, hypocrisy and sexual abuse, to name but a few,. It challenges the traditional concept of genre by combining different elements of the traditional autobiography, with the confessional and testimonial modes of literature. The combination of these modes creates a striking and vivid narrative, which relates Sila’s experiences from her own perspective. Furthermore, this fragmented narrative, allows the reader a glimpse into Sila’s mind and thoughts regarding her past, present and future.Thesis (MA (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Serjeantson, Richard William. "Testimony, authority and proof in seventeenth-century England". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272416.
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Maedza, Pedzisai. "Theatre of Testimony: An investigation in devising Asylum". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6848.
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The use of testimonies in performance is enjoying increased artistic and critical popularity on contemporary world stages and has a long and rich tradition on South African stages. Both internationally and locally, emerging and established playwrights working on migration and refugee issues are seeking to incorporate the testimony of asylum seekers into their work. This necessitates a need to critically reflect on the influences that shape and structure the staging of testimonies. This study argues that increased migration and the mounting number arrivals of asylum seekers on South African shores, has motivated at times violent interaction between host communities and the new arrivals. These incidents have inspired a distinct trend of testimonial performances around the concept of asylum. This dissertation uses Narrative analysis to read examples of contemporary theatre of testimony plays that examine this phenomenon. The study examines how playwright positioning informs the structuring of asylum testimonies on stage in addition to contextualising the ethical and moral complexities the playwright's positionality places on their practice. Through three case studies, the study interrogates how playwright positioning informs notions of authorship, authenticity, truth, theatricality and ethics. The study further investigates the challenges speaking for 'self' and speaking for the 'other' place on testimonial playwrights.
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Wells, Bruce. "The law of testimony in the pentateuchal codes". Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068227.
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Acedo, Alonso Noemí. "Po/ética de la escucha. Un estudio de la representación del dolor físico infligido y el sufrimiento en la escritura testimonial de Nora Strejilevich". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325413.
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La presente investigación doctoral es una propuesta de lectura de la novela testimonial Una sola muerte numerosa (1996), de la escritora argentina —y superviviente del centro clandestino de detención, torturas y exterminio “Club Atlético”— Nora Strejilevich. Para ello, se parte de una de las cuestiones que han permanecido silenciadas a lo largo de la tradición del pensamiento, la relativa a la pregunta sobre el sentido (al por qué) que plantea la víctima del dolor y del sufrimiento infligido por otro ser. Si bien la filosofía ha abordado la temática del mal y de la violencia desde la perspectiva de quién lo perpetra (el agente), o bien, ha estudiado la procedencia desde el discurso del mito, la teodicea y la teología, la figura de quién padece el mal cometido ha quedado relegada hasta el advenimiento de la Shoah, que da lugar a la emergencia de la ‘era del testigo’, en palabras de Annette Wieviorka, momento en que despierta el interés por el testimonio.
En Latinoamérica, esta escritura se conceptualiza como un nuevo género literario por la crítica de los años sesenta a los ochenta. Así, en el primer capítulo, se atiende al esfuerzo crítico por hallar una definición para el género, estudiar las diversas genealogías y taxonomías que se proponen y, a su vez, también se analizan los debates que proliferan en torno a esta modalidad discursiva. Asimismo, se aborda el testimonio como acto aporético desde la filosofía y como vínculo entre la historia y la memoria desde las aproximaciones críticas más recientes de los Estudios de la memoria. Todo ello con el propósito de crear un marco teórico apropiado para el estudio de la escritura testimonial de Nora Strejilevich, conformada por la novela citada y por varios relatos que ha publicado desde el año 2000 en diversas antologías y revistas.
En el segundo capítulo, se analiza el contexto histórico de la última dictadura militar en Argentina (1976-1983), considerada por algunos historiadores y sociólogos como un genocidio social reorganizador. Así, es pertinente atender aquí a la filosofía de la Shoah por las conexiones y los puntos en común que mantiene con el poder totalitario y con la tecnología del poder desaparecedor implementados en el país latinoamericano. El objetivo es analizar el papel de la tortura y las reflexiones que se derivan en torno al dolor y al sufrimiento de las víctimas, convertidas en testigos y supervivientes de los también denominados ‘campos de concentración’.
Una vez realizado el estudio sobre la teoría del dolor y la tortura, la investigación se adentra, ya en el tercer capítulo, en la po/ética de la escucha propuesta en la novela testimonial de Strejilevich. Con esta expresión se quiere poner de manifiesto el desplazamiento que se da en el ámbito de la filosofía hacia la ética, el arte y la narración —la est/ética—, ya que se considera un terreno apropiado para la elaboración de la experiencia, que debe fundamentar el pensamiento contemporáneo. Es decir, desde la filosofía (Adorno, Arendt, Cavarero, Butler) se conmina a escuchar la demanda ética que se formula desde la escritura testimonial. Así, se propone un nuevo mapa comprensivo que no sólo está centrado en la representación (imbricada a la esfera conceptual de la visión) sino en lo auditivo (acogiendo al grito como máxima expresión de un horror que si no puede verse por inmirable, sí puede oírse). Esta es la hipótesis principal de este trabajo.
Por último, se realiza una lectura intertextual de la obra de Nora Strejilevich y de otros testimonios como el de Jean Améry y Jacobo Timerman, para dar cuenta de la diversidad que abarca la escritura testimonial, que puede considerarse una escritura de muerte, pero también de vida, en cuanto acto que da comienzo no sólo a algo: un escrito que se convierte en una morada habitable y permanente; sino de alguien: un/a superviviente que trata de dar cuenta de la derrota política y de la resistencia al olvido.The present doctoral research is a reading proposal of Una sola muerte numerosa (1996), a testimonial novel written by the Argentinean author —and survivor of the concentration, torture, and extermination camp “Club Atlético”— Nora Strejilevich. To do so, it parts from one of the silenced matters throughout the tradition of thought; this is the question relative to the sense (to the question of why) that the victim’s pain and suffering poses when another being inflicts it. While Philosophy has addressed the subject matter of evil and violence from the perspective of the perpetrator (the agent), or, has studied the provenance from the myth perspective of both theodicy and theology, the figure of the one that suffered the wrongdoing was neglected until the advent of the Shoah, which led to the emergence of the “Witness Era”, a term by Annette Wieviorka, that marks the moment when testimonial writing awakes interest. In Latin America, this kind of writings have been conceptualised as a new literary genre by the critic community in the 1980s. This is why, in the first chapter, the critical effort to construct a definition for this new genre is revised, as well as the different genealogies and the taxonomies that were proposed at the time. The debates that proliferate around this discursive modality are also revised. In this same chapter, testimony is presented as aporetical from a philosophical point of view, and it works as the link between History and memory from the most recent critical approaches to the subject that have been carried out in Memory Studies. All of this is done with the purpose of building an appropriate theoretical frame for the study of Nora Strejilevich’s testimonial writing, comprised by the cited novel and numerous short stories that have been published in magazines and anthologies since the year 2000. The second chapter analyses the historical context of the last Argentinean military dictatorship (1976-1983), considered to be, by some historians and sociologists, a reorganizing social genocide. This is the reason why it is pertinent to revise Shoah’s philosophy, because of the connections and the common ground that it maintains with totalitarian power and the disappearing power technologies implemented in the Latin American country. The main goal is to analyse the role of torture and the reflections that surface around the victims’ pain and suffering, victims that become witnesses and survivors of these also called “concentration camps”. Once the study about pain and torture is conducted, the research focuses, now on the third chapter, in the po/ethics of the act of listening that is proposed in Strejilevich’s testimonial novel. With this term it is intended to manifest the movement that is carried through from the discipline of Philosophy to that of Ethics, Art, and narrative —the Est/Ethics—, because it is considered to be an appropriate ground for experience construction, which has to provide a basis to contemporary thought. In other words, parting from Philosophy (Adorno, Arendt, Cavarero, Butler), one is urged to listen to the ethical claim that is formulated in testimonial writing. Thus, a new comprehensive map is presented, one that is not only focused on representation (embedded to vision’s conceptual sphere), but in the auditory (receiving the scream as the maximum horror expression that cannot be seen because of its fiendishness, but it can be heard). This is the main hypothesis of this investigation. Finally, an intertextual reading is carried out between the work of Nora Strejilevich and other testimonies, such as the ones written by Jean Améry and Jacobo Timerman, to give account of the diversity that testimonial writing ensues, and that it can be considered to be related to death, but also to life, as it is an act that is not only the beginning of something: a testimony becomes an habitable and permanent dwelling place; but most importantly, a testimony is the beginning of someone: a survivor that tries to give account of the political defeat and the resistance to be forgotten.
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González, Coulon María de los Ángeles. "Una reconstrucción teórica y unitaria de la prueba testimonial". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670542.
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La present recerca busca, en primer terme, deixar de manifest el centralisme del subjecte o testimoni en el desenvolupament de la prova testimonial, demostrant l’omissió respecte al contingut de la declaració de aquest. L’anterior, segons vam poder detectar, s’ha degut a problemes en la seva regulació, tractament dogmàtic i en la pràctica judicial. Després, a conseqüència d’allò, aquest mitjà de prova es mira amb recel i moltes vegades com de menor jerarquia.
És per l’anterior, i entenent que una de les premisses d’aquesta tesi és la necessitat que el jutjador compti amb una major quantitat d’antecedents per a prendre la seva decisió, que, en segon terme i, basant-nos en la naturalesa jurídica de la prova testimonial, formulem un concepte ampli de testimoniatge construït des de l’epistemologia. El testimoniatge s’entendrà com una transferència de coneixements a una audiència que no els té i que permet crear en ella creences o atorgar-li nova informació, distingint-se dos elements: el subjecte o testimoni i la seva declaració o testimoniatge.
Així, i, en tercer terme, proposem utilitzar aquest concepte ampli de testimoniatge i distingir entre els elements assenyalats en precedència, per al compliment de dos objectius. El primer, que de manera separada s’examini al subjecte i la seva declaració, en les etapes de conformació i valoració de la prova de manera equilibrada deixant de costat el centralisme en el subjecte; i com segon objectiu analitzar l’opció de regular de manera comuna, d’acord amb aquest concepte ampli, altres mitjans de prova que epistèmicament també són testimoniatges com la declaració de les parts i la prova pericial.La presente investigación busca, en primer término, dejar de manifiesto el centralismo del sujeto o testigo en el desarrollo de la prueba testimonial, demostrando la omisión respecto al contenido de la declaración que éste presta. Lo anterior, según pudimos detectar, se ha debido a problemas en su regulación, tratamiento dogmático y en la práctica judicial. Luego, como consecuencia de aquello, este medio de prueba se mira con recelo y muchas veces como de menor jerarquía. Es por lo anterior, y entendiendo que una de las premisas de esta tesis es la necesidad de que el juzgador cuente con una mayor cantidad de antecedentes para tomar su decisión, que, en segundo término y, basándonos en la naturaleza jurídica de la prueba testimonial, formulamos un concepto amplio de testimonio construido desde la epistemología. El testimonio se entenderá como una transferencia de conocimientos a una audiencia que no los tiene y que permite crear en ella creencias u otorgarle nueva información, distinguiéndose dos elementos: el sujeto o testigo y su declaración o testimonio. Así, y, en tercer término, proponemos utilizar dicho concepto amplio de testimonio y distinguir entre los elementos señalados en precedencia, para el cumplimiento de dos objetivos. El primero, que de forma separada se examine al sujeto y su declaración, en las etapas de conformación y valoración de la prueba de manera equilibrada dejando de lado el centralismo en el sujeto; y como segundo objetivo analizar la opción de regular de forma común, de acuerdo a este concepto amplio, otros medios de prueba que epistémicamente también son testimonios como la declaración de las partes y la prueba pericial.
This investigation seeks, firstly, to reveal the centrality of the subject or witness in the development of the testimonial evidence, demonstrating the omission regarding the content of the declaration that he/she gives. The aforementioned, as we detected, follows problems in its regulation, dogmatic treatment and in judicial practice. Then, as a consequence, this means of evidence is viewed with skepticism and many times as less relevant. It is for this reason, and understanding that one of the premises of this thesis is the need for the judge to have a greater amount of background to make his/her decision, that, secondly and based on the legal nature of testimonial evidence, we formulate a broad concept of testimony built from epistemology. Testimony will be understood as a transfer of knowledge to an audience that does not have it and that allows the creation of beliefs or granting new information, distinguishing two elements: the subject or witness and his/her declaration or testimony. Thus, and thirdly, we propose to use this broad concept of testimony and to distinguish between the elements mentioned above, for the fulfillment of two objectives. The first one is to examine the subject and his/her testimony separately, in the stages of shaping and evaluating the evidence in a balanced manner, leaving aside the centralism in the subject; and as the second objective to analyze the option of regulating in a common manner, according to this broad concept, other means of evidence that are also epistemically testimonies such as the declaration of the parties and expert evidence.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Dret
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Bern, Zachary. "Legal and Scientific Implications of Daubert: An Empirical Analysis of Expert Psychological Testimony". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1862.
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The goal of this paper is to outline the legal and scientific implications of the admissibility standard defined in Daubert v. Merrel Row Pharmeceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993). The evolution of scientific admissibility is discussed. In addition, the author looks at criticisms of Daubert from the legal and psychological literature. Empirical data is presented with respect to judges’ abilities to act as “gate keepers” and jurors’ sensitivity to expert testimony. The author concludes with a discussion of the limitations and implications of this research.
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Salverson, Julie 1955. "Performing testimony, ethics, pedagogy, and a theatre beyond injury". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58602.pdf.
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Papacostas, Tassos C. "Byzantine Cyprus : the testimony of its churches, 650-1200". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323895.
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Deer, LillyBelle K. "The Effects of Expert Testimony in Sexual Assault Trials". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1114.
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Recently, expert testimony in sexual assault trials shifted from an emphasis on Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS) to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and experts have tied these diagnoses either loosely or tightly to the victim’s condition following sexual assault. In the current study, 326 jury-eligible adults completed a survey on Amazon Mechanical Turk in which they read a synopsis of a sexual assault trial and an expert testimony with either RTS, PTSD or neither; along with either no, loose, or tight links made between the diagnosis and the victim’s condition. There was no main effect of diagnosis label but testimony linkage did have an effect on verdicts. Women gave more guilty verdicts due to their lower levels of Rape Myth Acceptance (RMA), and the effect of gender partially depended on RMA. Implications for how expert testimony can affect defendants’ and plaintiffs’ credibility are discussed.
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Wanderer, Jeremy. "Contagious knowledge : a study in the epistemology of testimony". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1644/.
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Knowledge is contagious, at least in the sense that the testimony of others can, on occasions, be a source of knowledge. Theories of the epistemology of testimony attempt to account for this, and one can discern two broad themes emerging from the currently burgeoning literature. The first is an inferentialist conception, according to which the justification for testimonial-based beliefs is a form of inductive reasoning, involving appeal to the general reliability of testimony established either as a result of past experience or through a priori reasoning. The second is a transmission conception, according to which the original, non-testimonial justification for the belief is transmitted to the recipient through the act of learning from testimony. In the first part of the thesis, I argue that both conceptions are inadequate. The inferentialist conception fails to distinguish, as I argue it must, between the epistemology of testimony, and other instances of learning from others. The transmission conception ignores the central role that the notion of a perspective plays in epistemic practices. Further, both conceptions fail to take seriously the rich epistemic resources provided by an adequate account of the distinct, experiential state that one enters into as a result of understanding an act of testimony. In the second part of the thesis, I provide just such a rich conception of testimonial experience. Firstly, I defend an account of the epistemic role of perceptual experiential states. Secondly, I defend a parallel between perceptual and testimonial experiential states that allow for a similarity in epistemic role. Thirdly, I develop an account of the act of understanding others that is congenial to the notion of testimonial experience. The 'contagion' metaphor is particularly appropriate in light of the conception that emerges, allowing as it does for an epistemically direct account of acquiring knowledge through testimony.
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Moston, S. J. "Social support and the quality of children's eyewitness testimony". Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234441.
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Faulkner, Paul. "Conspiracies and lyes : scepticism and the epistemology of testimony". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/837/.
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In Conspiracies and Lyes I aim to provide an epistemological account of testimony as one of our faculties of knowledge. I compare testimony to perception and memory. Its similarity to both these faculties is recognised. A fundamental difference is stressed: it can be rational to not accept testimony even if testimony is fulfilling its proper epistemic function because it can be rational for a speaker to not express a belief; or, as I say, it can be rational for a speaker to lye. This difference in epistemic function provides the basis for a sceptical argument against testimony. Scepticism is presented as a method rather than a problem: considering how to refute the sceptical argument is taken to be a means of evaluating theories as to how testimonial beliefs are warranted. I consider two strategies for refuting scepticism and, correlatively, two accounts of how testimonial beliefs are warranted. I show these accounts to be neutral across all theories of justification that entertain the project of investigating our faculties of knowledge. A reductionist account explains the warrant supporting our testimonial beliefs in terms of our inductive ground for accepting testimony. An anti-reductionist account explains the warrant supporting our testimonial beliefs in terms of our possessing an entitlement to accept testimony. I show how both positions can be intuitively motivated. In presenting reductionism I appeal to probability theory, empirical psychology and invoke David Hume. In presenting anti-reductionism I invoke John McDowell and Tyler Burge. A refutation of scepticism is provided by a hybrid of reductionism and anti-reductionism. The hybrid is conceived as part social externalism and part individual internalism. In developing this account I provide a means of conceptualising the dynamic that exists between individual knowers and communities of knowledge.
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Dixon, Susan. "The effects of post-event feedback on eyewitness testimony". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445158.
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This thesis raised new questions about how eyewitness evidence might be distorted by information encountered after having witnessed an event. First, Experiment 1 explored eyewitness perceptions of ambiguous, unfolding scenarios, before post-event feedback (PEF) had been administered. The study identified the main risk cues used by eyewitnesses to assess the likelihood of whether a crime might occur, which included situation, behaviour, physical appearance and emotion details. Behaviour (particularly, actions and movements) was the most frequently reported cue. Subsequent experiments introduced different types of PEF and examined the effects of each on specific aspects of eyewitness evidence. Experiment 2 explored participants’ beliefs regarding actions and details ‘common or typical’ of a mugging incident. Experiment 3 then asked how PEF about the outcome of a seemingly ambiguous event might affect eyewitness recall. Eyewitnesses told the outcome was a mugging were more likely to rate the character of the perpetrator and victim more negatively then a neutral and no outcome group. Eyewitnesses who believed the outcome would be a mugging reported more details consistent with that outcome (based on the mugging script generated in Experiment 2), highlighting the need to acknowledge eyewitnesses’ own beliefs about an event. Experiment 4 explored the effect of feedback that could be administered during or after an interview. High agreement with co-witnesses significantly increased eyewitnesses’ reports about how confident they had been at the time of making a judgement about a crime event compared to those told agreement with others was low. However, in an exploration of the effects of pre-identification feedback, Experiment 5 revealed that co-witness feedback based on recall performance did not significantly affect performance on an identification task.
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Schramm, Jan-Melissa. "Trials of faith : evidence, testimony and narrative, c1740-1870". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271947.
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Strobel, Wesley/Kaileigh. "(TRANS)FORM: Spoken Word as Queer and Transgender Testimony". Otterbein University Distinction Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbndist1620462465460833.
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Lougklou, Fani. "Attachment and memory does attachment experience influence eyewitness testimony? /". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=123.
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Davis, Alison J. "Expert testimony in cases of battered women defendants, influence of defendant characterization, testimony explicitness and juror gender on individual juror and group jury decisions". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ26909.pdf.
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Davis, Alison J. (Alison Janet) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Expert testimony in cases of battered women defendants; influence of defendant characterization, testimony explicitness and juror gender on individual juror and group jury decisions". Ottawa, 1997.
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Krahenbuhl, Sarah Joanne. "The effect of question repetition on young children's eyewitness testimony". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487599.
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Children who have been the victims of crime will be interviewed by police officers. Current interviewing guidelines warn against repeating questions, because children may interpret the repetition to mean that their first response was incorrect and therefore change their response. Previous researchers have not investigated the ways police interviewers use repeated questions. Given the guidelines we expected repeated questions to be rare. In Study 1 we analysed 95 police interviews with children aged 4-11 alleging abuse. Almost all contained repetition, and on average repeated questions accounted for a quarter of all questions asked. Repetitions led to changes in 75% of children's responses (55% were novel responses, 20% extended the original information elicited). We identified four principal question repetition styles used in police interviews: . verbatim, gist, open' questions repeated as closed, and closed questions repeated as open. In Studies 2, 3, 4 and 5 we interviewed children aged 4-5, 6-7 and 8-9 about a staged event they had witnessed earlier (Studies 2, 3 and 4), or about an activity in which they had participated (Study 5). In these studies we varied the type and number of repetitions. We also varied the delay between repetitions and between the event and the interview. The children's responses were assessed for accuracy and consistency. The number of accurate responses increased with age but decreased with repetition. Repetitions led to changes in approximately 25% of responses. The number of changed ,responses decreased with age and differed depending on whether the question was answerable or unanswerable. Most changes in responses led to a further inaccurate response (after an original inaccurate response), or resulted in accurate responses becoming inaccurate. We did not find any pattern of repetition, or type of repeated question that consistently enhanced accuracy. The implications of these results for interviewing practices are discussed.
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Devenport, Jennifer Leigh. "Does expert psychological testimony improve juror sensitivity to lineup suggestiveness?" FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2783.
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Previous research has examined the validity of behavioral assumptions underlying the presumed effectiveness of safeguards against erroneous conviction resulting from mistaken eyewitness identification. In keeping with this agenda, this study examined juror sensitivity to lineup suggestiveness in the form of foil, instruction, and presentation biases and whether expert psychological testimony further sensitizes jurors to the factors that influence the likelihood of false identifications. One hundred and sixty jury eligible citizens watched versions of a videotaped trial that included information about the identification of the defendant by an eyewitness and that varied the suggestiveness of the eyewitness identification procedure. In addition, half of the mock-jurors heard the testimony of an expert psychologist regarding the factors that influence lineup suggestiveness. Mock-jurors rendered individual verdicts, rated the defendant's culpability and the suggestiveness and fairness of the identification procedure. Results indicated that jurors are somewhat sensitive to foil bias but are insensitive to instruction and presentation biases. No evidence was found to suggest that expert testimony leads to juror skepticism or juror sensitization. These results question the effectiveness of cross-examination and expert testimony as safeguards against erroneous convictions resulting from mistaken identification.