Artykuły w czasopismach: „Territory (Zoology)”

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Snegovaya, Nataly Yu, i Valeri A. Petrov. "A list of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of Azerbaijan". Acta Biologica Sibirica 7 (20.05.2021): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.7.e56707.

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A list of 31 species of hawk moths from the territory of Azerbaijan is given, based on collection materials from the Institute of Zoology of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (Baku) and the Georgian National Museum (Tbilisi). Distribution maps for 27 species are provided.

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Vichalkovska, Natalya. "Data on the fauna diversity of the Salt Lake hydrological reserve as a fruitful result of research work with involving students". Scientific Visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 66, nr 3 (2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-66-3-48-52.

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The organization of field training in zoology in the territory of the hydrological reserve "Salt Lake" allows to active involve of students in the study of fauna with obtaining significant results. Based on the researches, students of biological specialties defended four diploma papers of the specialist, three master's theses and prepared dozens of course papers. Graduation works according to modern requirements carried out on the basing of their own materials, which requires mastering the skills of collecting, fixing, determining the types of invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as performing complex statistical processing of the obtained results using parametric and non-parametric statistics. There were following topics: «Features of external and internal morphology of Cepaea vindobonensis Ferussac 1821 land snail, from the adjoining territory of the Solonets-Tuzla lake», «Variability of the shell of Chondrula tridens land snail from the adjacent territory of the lake Solonets-Tuzla», «Common and rare species of animals on the territory of the Biloberezhya Sviatoslava National Park (Solonets-Tuzli Lake)», «Ornithofauna of the hydrological reserve of the state significance “Solt lake»", «Interpopulation variability of the shell and genital apparatus of Cepaea vindobonensis Ferussac, 1821», «Conservation activity of NNP "Biloberezhya Svyatoslava»», «Morphological features of molluscs of the Chondrula genus collected near the village of Rybakivka». Masters of the first year of the 2019-2020 academic year are working on two new topics: «Intra- and inter-population variability of the land snail Brephulopsis cylindrica from the Northern Black Sea coast region» та «Intra- and inter-population variability of some parts of the genital apparatus of the land snail Brephulopsis cylindrica from the Northern Black Sea coast region». Thus, the planned field training practice of zoology implemented according to the curriculum, which envisages the collection (removal) of representatives of fauna from nature. This approach allows to exploring the fauna of the uncharted territory that the conservation organization is interested in. Participation of students in the implementation of the state scientific theme motivates to research work, leads to awareness of involvement in nature conservation activities. Conditions for in-depth mastering of specialized competencies by biology students created in accordance with the provisions of the concept of development of pedagogical education. Researches, conducted on the territory, adjacent to Solonets-Tuzla Lake, have revealed dozens of species of invertebrates and vertebrates for which the territory considered as habitat.

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Hidalgo, Luis Bernal, Edgar Olmedo Cruz Mican, Fernando Augusto Poveda Aguja Ed, Lugo Manuel Barbosa Guerrero, Marcia Andrea Yucuma Guzman i Pedro Antonio Vela González Ed. "Construction of Territory Through Cyberspace: A Latin American View of Young People's Perception of Virtual Space". Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S-5 (1.11.2023): 1630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-5.1414.

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This article presents a balance about the chapter guidelines for teaching construction of the territory concept in schools today, which is part of the doctoral thesis "La construcción del territorio a través del ciberespacio: una mirada latinoamericana de la percepción de los jóvenes frente al espacio virtual. Presented at University of Valencia, Spain. This unit was focused on the construction of guidelines for learning the territory concept in geography, it is set from a comparative analysis between Spain, Colombia and England, in order to reflect the contributions of the Latin American, European and Anglo-Saxon countries, in line with the reconstitution of geographic knowledge at a global level to expand new approaches to the concept. This is in contrast to the policies in charge of regulating education in these countries. In this way, it is intended to make analytical and conceptual contributions of the territory from teachers' point of view in relation to the discussion of the territorial approach given by these institutional spaces to expand and develop a conceptual framework that contributes to generating significant transformations in the daily activity of educators. proposing a shift in the geography learning, which allows re-meaning the concept of territory in accordance with innovations in knowledge.

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Snegovaya, N. Yu, i R. V. Yakovlev. "Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) from the collections of Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science". Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, nr 2 (24.04.2017): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_23.

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<p>Examining the Cossidae of Transcaucasia we have studied specimens of this family deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science (Baku). The collection includes 10 species of 9 genera and 2 subfamilies collected in the middle of the 20th century on the territory of three countries: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia. Several species are indicated for the fauna of Azerbaijan for the first time.</p>

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Marjanyan, M. A., i A. A. Avetisyan. "Click beetles of the genus Melanotus Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae) in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of Armenia". South of Russia: ecology, development 15, nr 4 (17.01.2021): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2020-4-145-151.

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Aim. The study of the genus Melanotus from the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia taking into account new taxonomic and chorological data.Material and Methods. Scientific material was identified after desktop processing and preparation of genitalia according to current data on the genus Melanotus.Results and Conclusion. We determined 21 species of the genus Melanotus in the collection from Europe, the Caucasus and Middle Asia, 12 species being recorded from the territory of Armenia. The collection of the genus Мelanotus in the Institute of Zoology includes species endemic to Armenia (M. gedeoni Mardjanyan, 2015, M. platiai Mardjanyan, 2015, M. khnzoriani Mardjanyan, 2015), to Tajikistan (M. fragilloides Dolin, 1988, M. vidualis Gurjeva, 1988) and to Iran (M. dichroides Platia & Gudenzi, 1999, M. richterae Mardjanyan, 2015). Three species, M. castanipes Paykull, 1800, M. fulvus Reitter, 1891 and M. sladkovi Dolin & Atamuradov, 1986 are recorded for the first time for Armenia. M. rustamovi Dolin & Atamuradov, 1987 is the first record for Tajikistan and M. persimilis Dolin & Latifi, 1988 for Turkmenistan.

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Dolejš, Petr, i Pavel Kocourek. "Catalogue of the millipedes (Diplopoda) in Miller’s collection (Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czechia), part 2". Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series 189, nr 1 (2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/jnmpnhs.2020.003.

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The present catalogue completes (as the second of the two parts) data for the millipede collection of Czech arachnologist František Miller (1902–1983), housed in the National Museum in Prague. This second part of the catalogue brings information on a total of 341 specimens belonging to 34 millipede species; these specimens were previously housed at Charles University in Prague, and later moved to the National Museum. The material was collected during 1927–1950 in the territory of modern-day Czechia and Slovakia. Chelogona carpathicum, Polydesmus tatranus and Trachysphaera acutula are species of special importance for Slovak faunistics, due to their endemic occurrence. Glomeris klugii is the first record for Slovakia. For Leptoiulus noricus and Polydesmus inconstans, these are chronologically the oldest records from the territory of Slovakia.

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Kostylev, Yuri S. "Wrangel Island Toponymy Motivated by Zoology Vocabulary". Вопросы Ономастики 17, nr 1 (2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.004.

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The paper deals with the names of geographical objects of Wrangel Island motivated by zoology vocabulary. These lexical units may refer to various species and groups of animals, characteristic features of their appearance and behavior, or include notions and terms of material culture related to hunting, animal breeding, and nature conservation. The study builds on specialized toponymic guides, memoirs and essays, cartographic materials, as well as materials of an interview with the deputy director for environmental protection of the Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve, G. Fedorov. An analysis of the selected material allows us to trace several phases of the island’s development over the rather short (about 150 years) history of its exploration, captured in toponymy as a major element of spiritual culture. Interestingly enough, a relatively large number (19%) of toponyms are motivated by zoology vocabulary, which is explained by the importance of the animal world for Wrangel Island. Moreover, the choice of specific vocabulary from this sphere is associated with the nature of human activity on the island. The island history falls into three periods, each having specific source vocabulary for place naming: 1) discovery and initial inspection of the territory; 2) hunting and fishing development; 3) reserve foundation and environmental activities. The distributional prevalence of motivating tokens speaks not only of the time the name was created or of the nominator’s occupation but also points to the objective features of the island’s animal world and the diversity of its fauna. The analysis of the presented data leads to conclude that toponymy serves both as an illustration and as a direct source of unique historical information related to specific parts of the studied area.

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Mäntylä, Elina, Päivi M. sirkiä, Tero Klemola i Toni Laaksonen. "An experimental test of whether pied flycatchers choose the best territory for rearing the young". Current Zoology 61, nr 4 (1.08.2015): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.604.

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Abstract It is often assumed that birds are able to choose a breeding territory that will later on have the most food for nestlings. Studies on this essential question are, however, few. We studied territory choice of a long-distance migrant, the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in southwestern Finland. In one study area, we monitored the territory choice of males via the order of territory settlement. Female territory choice was studied experimentally in another study area where the correlation between male and territory quality was removed by not allowing males a free choice of territory. We defined several habitat characteristics and estimated the abundances of invertebrate prey from air, ground and trees with appropriate traps from the surroundings of the nest sites in both study areas. Against the expectation that parent birds would choose an arthropod-rich territory, neither males nor females seemed to choose those territories that later had the most food for nestlings. There was, however, some evidence that more eggs were laid in territories with more aphids and that more fledglings were produced in territories with high ant abundance. Our findings thus suggest that while it would be beneficial for birds to be able to choose food-rich territories, they may not be able to detect the right cues for doing so early in the breeding season. The possibility and importance of detecting the territories with the best prospects of rearing young may, however, vary among and within seasons and more studies on this topic are clearly needed.

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Wauters, L. A., L. Lens i A. A. Dhondt. "Variation in territory fidelity and territory shifts among red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, females". Animal Behaviour 49, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80166-9.

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Heindl, Martin. "Social Organization on Leks of the Wire-Tailed Manakin in Southern Venezuela". Condor 104, nr 4 (1.11.2002): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.772.

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AbstractI studied the social organization of lekking Wire-tailed Manakins (Pipra filicauda) in the Amazonian lowland rainforest of southern Venezuela. Territorial males maintained dispersed territories at lek sites in seasonally flooded forest and were visited by other territorial males, by nonterritorial males, and by immature males. Nonterritorial males became territorial either by establishing a new display area or by inheriting an existent territory. The majority of territorial visitors never engaged in joint displays with territory owners, whereas nonterritorial male visitors attempted displays with the resident bird during more than half of the observed interactions. One-third of the territory owners formed at least periodically close display partnerships with a specific nonterritorial male. Observations during female visits to male pairs and dominant behavior of the resident bird within its territory suggest a hierarchy within display pairs. Dominance relationships, stability in the composition of display pairs, and the possibility for subordinates to inherit a territory indicate that coordinated displays between males may have a cooperative function. However, most female visits were directed to single males, so that joint displays are probably not obligatory for achieving copulations.Organización Social de Leks de Pipra filicauda en el Sur de VenezuelaResumen. Estudié la organización social de leks de Pipra filicauda en la selva amazónica del sur de Venezuela. Los machos territoriales mantenieron territorios dispersos en sitios ubicados en bosque estacionalmente inundado y fueron visitados por otros machos territoriales, machos no-territoriales y machos inmaduros. Los machos no-territoriales se hicieron territoriales al establecer un nuevo sitio de despliegue o al heredar un territorio ya existente. La mayoría de los machos territoriales visitantes nunca desplegaron junto al macho propietario del territorio, mientras que los visitantes no-territoriales intentaron desplegarse con el macho residente en más de la mitad de las interacciones observadas. Un tercio de los machos residentes fue observado formaron periodicamente asociaciones de despliegue con ciertos machos no-territoriales. Observaciones durante las visitas de hembras a parejas de machos y del comportamiento dominante del macho residente dentro de su territorio indicarían una relación jerarquica dentro de la asociación de despliegue. Las relaciónes de dominancia, la estabilidad en la composición de las asociaciones de desplegar y la posibilidad de que los machos subordinados de heredar un territorio, sugieren que los despliegues coordinados entre machos tendrían una función cooperativa. Sin embargo, las visitas de las hembras se centraron principalmente en machos solitarios, lo que sugiere que la función de las asociaciones de despliegue no son obligatorias para obtener cópulas.

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Chilton, Glen. "Birds of the Yukon Territory". Auk 121, nr 3 (2004): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0982:botyt]2.0.co;2.

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Chilton, Glen. "Birds of the Yukon Territory". Auk 121, nr 3 (1.07.2004): 982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.982.

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Gibb, John. "TERRITORY IN THE GENUS PARUS". Ibis 98, nr 3 (28.06.2008): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1956.tb01426.x.

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Morrell, Lesley J., i Hanna Kokko. "Adaptive strategies of territory formation". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 54, nr 4 (1.09.2003): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-003-0663-7.

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Setiawan, Alvin N., Melanie Massaro, John T. Darby i Lloyd S. Davis. "Mate and Territory Retention in Yellow-Eyed Penguins". Condor 107, nr 3 (1.08.2005): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.3.703.

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AbstractUsing nest and banding data collected from 1991 to 2002, we investigated mate and territory retention rates of Yellow-eyed Penguins (Megadyptes antipodes), and the effects of reproductive success. Annual mate retention rate was 63%, and territory retention for males and females were 52% and 46% respectively. The majority of pair dissolutions were due to death of a partner, with only 6% of bonds ending in separation. Previous reproductive success was a good predictor of mate or territory retention as pairs that failed to fledge a single chick were significantly more likely to separate or move their territories than those that were successful at fledging chicks. Reproductive success of birds that changed their mates or moved territories was not higher than those that retained their mates or territories. However, birds that moved territories were less likely to have reduced fledging success relative to their previous breeding attempt. Birds that did not retain their mates, particularly males, were significantly more likely to skip breeding for at least one year. This suggests that the costs of mate or territory changes are not accrued at the end of the breeding attempt (as reflected by the number of fledged chicks), but are associated with the costs of pair formation and establishment of territories at the beginning of the breeding season.Retención de Parejas y Territorios en Pingüinos Megadyptes antipodesResumen. Investigamos las tasas de retención de parejas y de territorios por parte de pingüinos Megadyptes antipodes y el efecto del éxito reproductivo sobre estas tasas con base en datos de nidificación y anillamiento recolectados entre 1991 y 2002. La tasa anual de retención de parejas fue del 63% y las de retención de territorios del 52% y 46% para machos y hembras, respectivamente. La mayoría de las disoluciones de parejas se debieron a la muerte de una de las aves y sólo el 6% de las parejas terminaron separándose. El éxito reproductivo previo predijo acertadamente la retención de compañeros y de territorios, ya que las parejas que no lograron emplumar ningún pichón tuvieron una probablilidad de disolverse o de cambiar de territorio significativamente mayor que las que criaron exitosamente. El éxito reproductivo de las aves que cambiaron de pareja o de territorio no fue mayor que el de aquellas que no lo hicieron. Sin embargo, los individuos que cambiaron de territorio fueron más propensos a presentar un éxito de emplumamiento reducido con respecto a su intento reproductivo previo. Las aves que no retuvieron sus parejas, particularmente los machos, presentaron una probabilidad mayor de no reproducirse durante al menos un año. Esto sugiere que los costos que implica cambiar de pareja o de territorio no se hacen evidentes al final del intento reproductivo (como lo indica el número de volantones producidos), sino que están asociados con los costos de la formación de parejas y el establecimiento de territorios al comienzo de la época reproductiva.

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Arias-de-Reyna, Luis, Pilar Recuerda, José Trujillo, Maria Corvillo i Amalia Cruz. "Territory in the Great Spotted Cuckoo (Clamator glandarius)". Journal für Ornithologie 128, nr 2 (kwiecień 1987): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01661697.

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Mînzat, Cristian, i Galina Bușmachiu. "Diversity of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Republic of Moldova". Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Life Sciences, nr 3(347) (marzec 2023): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1857-064x.2022.3.10.

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Ants are an important group of insects for the normal functioning of ecosystems, with a major influence on their habitats. The paper includes the data from literature, collections made between 2019-2022 and the specimens stored in the Museum of Entomology of the Institute of Zoology. As a result of the research carried out on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, a total of 65 species of ants were identified, of which the subfamily Ponerinae, genus Ponera and 7 species –Camponotus piceus, Cardiocondyla stambuloffii, Formica glauca, Lasius distinguendus, Plagiolepis pygmaea, Ponera coarctata and Temnothorax corticalis are new for the fauna of the country.

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Andersson, Reino. "Hannars etableringsmönster, revirkvalitet samt flytande bestånd i en randpopulation av svart rödstjärt Phoenicurus ochruros". Ornis Svecica 5, nr 3–4 (1.10.1995): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v5.23003.

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The relationship between pattern of territory establishment in males and territory quality was studied in 1983–1994 in a colour-ringed population of Black Redstart in southwestern Sweden. Further, the size of the floating population was estimated as well as its influence on territory establishment. The material consists of 141 establishments of territorial males, distributed on 55 different territories. Characteristics of the habitat and exploitation of territories are described. The competition between different males was studied by removal experiments. Some males were placed in cages, while others were removed and released. The frequency of occupation varied (average 57%), and only 15% of the territories contained singing males each year. Optimal territories were occupied earliest, mainly by adult males. The majority of all territory establishments were made by new, unknown males (73%). Only 18% of the males showed territory fidelity between years. The size of the floating population was 26%, but its influence on territory establishment appeared to be marginal. The removal experiments showed that both adult and second-year males are capable to establish, defend and preserve optimal territories as soon as it is possible. Optimal territories were reoccupied earlier than territories of a lower quality, and adults established themselves faster than second-year birds. In many other studies, replacements were made by neighbours, but the results of the present study did not confirm this pattern. In eight confrontation trials, half of the owners recaptured their territories, while the other dominants were replacement males.

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Zhu, Boshan, Hanzun Zhang, Yunliang Lu, Fang Wang i Dapeng Liu. "The Effect of Intruder Density on Territoriality and Dominance in Male Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus)". Animals 12, nr 3 (27.01.2022): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030314.

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Territorial behavior of animals is affected by numerous factors, one being the number of intruders. The swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), an important commercial and ecological species on the continental shelf of Asia, usually needs to defend its territory from intrusion by other crabs, especially in habitats with high densities of conspecifics. To clarify the underlying patterns of how P. trituberculatus protects its territory, we assessed the territorial behavior of occupant crabs (territory holders) when presented with different numbers of intruders using an indoor observation system. We calculated the territory size of the occupants and quantified their behavioral responses to intruders. With an increased number of intruders, the territory size the occupants owned significantly decreased, and their behavior adjusted accordingly. Besides, the territorial behavior score, reflecting the territoriality of crab, decreased significantly. Furthermore, in a high density group that had seven intruders, the occupants showed a higher dominance hierarchy than the intruders, indicating the ascendancy of occupants in territorial competition with intruders. These results revealed that as the number of intruders increased, the territory size of P. trituberculatus shrunk because the fight for territory became more intense.

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Hyman, Jeremy, Melissa Hughes, Stephen Nowicki i William Searcy. "Individual Variation in the Strength of Territory Defense in Male Song Sparrows: Correlates of Age, Territory Tenure, and Neighbor Aggressiveness". Behaviour 141, nr 1 (2004): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853904772746574.

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AbstractIn many species, the ability to defend a territory is essential for a male to obtain any reproductive success at all, and even among territorial individuals, variation in the strength of territory defense could have a significant impact on how much reproductive success is obtained. Previous studies have documented consistent individual differences in the vigor with which male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) defend their territories, as measured by the strength of their reactions to territorial intrusions simulated through song playback. Variation in the strength of defense could reflect intrinsic differences among individuals in their resource holding potential (RHP), or variation in extrinsic factors. In this study, we examined whether variation in the strength of territory defense corresponds to differences in intrinsic factors such as the age or experience of the territory owner, the extrinsic factor of the level of aggression shown by neighbours, or both. Results indicate that males that previously held territories on the study site, regardless of whether they were holding the same territory as the previous year, show higher levels of territory defense than males that are new to the study site, and, assuming that returning males are older males, suggest that age is more important than experience on a specific territory in determining strength of territory defense. In addition, we found evidence that males with high levels of territorial aggression tend to be spatially clustered. The pattern observed suggests that a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the expression of individual differences in territorial aggression.

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Potvin, D. A., P. W. Crawford, S. A. MacDougall-Shackleton i E. A. MacDougall-Shackleton. "Song repertoire size, not territory location, predicts reproductive success and territory tenure in a migratory songbird". Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, nr 8 (sierpień 2015): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0039.

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In territorial animals occupying environments that vary in quality over the landscape, high-quality individuals are predicted to monopolize high-quality territories. Thus, in many cases it may be difficult to disentangle the relative effects of individual quality from those of territory quality on long-term fitness. We used a 9-year field data set from a migratory population of Eastern Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia melodia (A. Wilson, 1810)) to evaluate the relative contributions of male song quality (as measured by song repertoire size) and territory location to fitness components including annual reproductive success, overwinter return rates, and between-year territory tenure. Song repertoire size did not predict territory location, allowing us to evaluate territory location and song quality separately. Song repertoire size, but not territory location, predicted annual reproductive success. Moreover, males with larger repertoires moved smaller distances between subsequent breeding seasons, suggesting more successful territory tenure. There was no effect of either repertoire size or territory location on overwinter return. We conclude that intrinsic male phenotype, indicated by song repertoire size, is an important predictor of male fitness, independent of breeding-territory location in this migratory population, and that the value of specific territories may depend largely on previous experience.

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Grant, James W. A., i Jason Praw. "OPTIMAL TERRITORY SIZE IN THE CONVICT CICHLID". Behaviour 136, nr 10-11 (1999): 1347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999500767.

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AbstractModels of optimal territory size are usually tested only by demonstrating that territory size is inversely related to food abundance or intruder number. The most fundamental predictions of the models, however, have rarely been tested: i.e. the fitness of the defender is a function of territory size and the optimal territory is one of intermediate size. We tested these predictions by measuring the growth rate of large convict cichlids (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus, formerly Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) while defending food patches against smaller intruders over a 10-day period. Food patches differed in area by more than two orders of magnitude. We manipulated food abundance so that it increased with patch size in a decelerating way. As assumed, the realized benefits of defence (weight of food eaten by the defender) and the costs of defence (chase rate and chase radius) both increased in a decelerating way with increasing patch area. As predicted, the growth rate of the defender first increased and then decreased with increasing patch size. The initial increase in defender growth rate with increasing patch size was related to an increase in food eaten, but the decrease in growth rate for fish defending the largest patches was related to the costs of defence. Fish defending large patches had a low growth efficiency, apparently because of the social stress caused by intruders in their territories. Taken together, these results support the assumptions and predictions of optimal territory size models.

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Beletsky, Les D. "Social Stability and Territory Acquisition in Birds". Behaviour 123, nr 3-4 (1992): 290–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853992x00066.

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AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that one strategy birds use to acquire territories is to seek and exploit areas where conspecific social stability is weak. Predictions were that nonterritorial individuals, 'floaters', should be attracted to areas of social instability and that they should obtain territories in unstable areas. An experiment with red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), designed to test whether floaters are attracted to boundary disputes between territorial neighbors, showed that floaters approached multiple male models in simulated boundary disputes at higher rates than they approached single models. Both drug implants that interfered with testosterone physiology in territory owners and manipulations of breeding habitat rendered certain territory aggregations socially unstable, and floaters obtained territories in those areas. Therefore, evidence generally supported the instability hypothesis of territory acquisition. No evidence was found to support an associated prediction, that a high-density breeding area should attract more floaters and thus suffer a higher territory owner turnover rate than a low-density site. Experiments with models of two species of blackbirds showed that one method floaters may use to establish territories is to settle on boundaries between adjacent owners. The potential generality of the instability hypothesis, and its implications for the expression of avian territorial behavior, are discussed. If floaters are attracted to signs of social instability, then it would be advantageous for territory owners to behave in ways that reduce the appearance of instability.

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Stutchbury, Bridget J., i Steve Zack. "Delayed Breeding in Avian Social Systems: the Role of Territory Quality and "Floater" Tactics". Behaviour 123, nr 3-4 (1992): 194–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853992x00020.

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AbstractIn many avian societies, young birds delay breeding beyond the age of sexual maturity. Most previous hypotheses of delayed breeding have emphasized forces that keep young birds from becoming breeders. We develop a model of delayed breeding which includes the future acquisition of a high quality territory as a potential direct benefit of delayed breeding. Strong differences in territory quality, age-correlated asymmetries in resource holding potential, and territory site tenacity set the stage for young birds to either breed immediately on a poor territory, or obtain a high quality territory through reproductive delay on or near the site. A wide variety of species and social organizations reveal common patterns of breeding status acquisition through behaviours as nonbreeders with site tenacity on or immediately near the breeding site. A review of 'floater' strategies reveals that nonbreeders frequently have restricted home ranges that encompass one or more breeding territories, and prior experience at a site improves their chances of acquiring a territory in future years. This pattern of territory acquisition argues for incorporating direct benefits into models of delayed breeding. We discuss the potential applications to understanding delayed breeding in social systems as apparently different as cooperatively-breeding birds, migratory passerines, colonial breeding gulls, and lek-breeding grouse and manakins.

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Salvati, Luca, Alberto Manganaro i Lamberto Ranazzi. "Wood quality and the Tawny Owl Strix aluco in different forest types of central Italy". Ornis Svecica 12, nr 1–2 (1.04.2002): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v12.22835.

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We correlated breeding density and proportion of wooded area per territory of Tawny Owl Strix aluco measured in four deciduous forest types with forest elevation and songbird abundance, both regarded as estimators of forest productivity. The proportion of wooded area was positively correlated to forest elevation, being low in coastal thermophilous oak woods and increasing in hilly mesophilous oak woods and in mountain beech woods. Songbird abundance showed a reverse pattern as the proportion of wooded area per owl territory was negatively correlated to songbird abundance. No correlation was observed between these variables and the breeding density of owls. The low proportion of wooded area per territory in coastal thermophilous oak forests likely depends on that this wood type provides old trees with suitable cavities for nesting and large prey availability, thus representing the optimal habitat for the Tawny Owl in central Italy. We suggest that wooded area per owl territory may be used to predict the quality of different forest types.

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Diniz, Pedro, i Carlos Biagolini-Jr. "Report of an extra-pair copulation in the Rufous Hornero, Furnarius rufus (Aves: Furnariidae)". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (30.07.2021): e20216167. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.67.

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In the last decade, studies in bird breeding biology have shown that infidelity is prevalent in socially monogamous species. Here, we describe an extra-pair copulation (EPC) event in the Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus), a socially monogamous bird with year-round territoriality and low levels of extra-pair paternity. Before the EPC, a within-pair copulation (WPC) occurred inside the pair’s territory. The WPC occurred on the ground and between a banded male (ca. 6 years-old) and an unbanded female. Ten minutes later this breeding pair invaded a neighboring territory, presumably to forage. The territorial male was chased back to its territory by an unbanded male neighbor after being detected. The male neighbor was paired with an unbanded female that did not participate in the aggressive interaction. When flying back to its territory the male neighbor copulated with the territorial female on the ground (ie. EPC). The territorial male flew, vocalized, and perched above the male neighbor, interrupting the EPC. The aggressive interaction then ceased as each pair resumed foraging in their respective territories. These observations suggest that Rufous Horneros can use EPC to obtain immediate benefits (food access in a neighbor’s territory). Moreover, WPC may be detected by neighbors and physical mate guarding and/or frequent WPC may be necessary to prevent EPC in the Rufous Hornero.

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Khoury, Fares, Natalia Boulad i Mohammed Janaydeh. "Territory size variations in wintering Finsch’s Wheatears,Oenanthe finschii". Zoology in the Middle East 57, nr 1 (styczeń 2012): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2012.10648961.

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YANG, ZHUO, i HONG-ZHANG ZHOU. "Three new species of Naddia Fauvel (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from China". Zootaxa 2531, nr 1 (9.07.2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2531.1.1.

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The genus Naddia Fauvel, 1867 belongs to the subtribe Staphylinina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and its species occur mainly in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. Three new species are described from South China: Naddia hainanensis Yang & Zhou, sp. n. (Hainan), N. mangshanensis Yang & Zhou, sp. n. (Hunan, Guangdong and Fujian), and N. nanlingensis Yang & Zhou, sp. n. (Guangdong). Naddia miniata Fauvel, 1895 is recordered for the first time from the territory of China. Naddia chinensis Bernhauer, 1929 and N. miniata are redescribed. Male aedeagus and other critical characters are illustrated. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) and Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NMW).

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Smith, Carl. "Good fences make good neighbours: the role of landmarks in territory partitioning in the rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus)". Behaviour 148, nr 2 (2011): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511x554233.

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AbstractTerritorial animals sometimes use conspicuous natural landmarks as boundaries to their territories. The utilization of territory-demarcating landmarks may have evolved to limit the costs of territorial defence, since the adoption of clearly defined boundaries by opponents in adjacent territories can reduce the overall rate of aggressive encounters, which can be energetically expensive or might result in injury. Here the role of artificial landmarks as boundaries was tested in territorial male rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus), a fish with a resourcebased mating system. Pairs of size-matched territorial males were permitted to interact for short periods in an otherwise featureless aquarium with an obvious landmark at the shared boundary of their territory either present or absent. The presence of the territory-demarcating landmark significantly reduced both the frequency of territorial incursions by males into adjacent territories and the rate of territorial displays. Males showed individual differences in their propensity to enter the territory of a rival, irrespective of the presence of a territorydemarcating landmark. These results suggest that the cost of defence of a territory may be reduced by utilizing territory-demarcating landmarks, in accordance with the predictions of theoretical models.

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Ranazzi, Lamberto, Alberto Manganaro i Luca Salvati. "Density fluctuations in an urban population of Tawny Owl Strix aluco: a long-term study in Rome, Italy". Ornis Svecica 12, nr 1–2 (1.04.2002): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v12.22837.

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The population of Tawny Owls Strix aluco breeding in urban Rome, Italy, was studied from 1992 to 2001. Yearly density (range: 0.9–1.1 territories km-2) was rather stable compared with data from central Europe, likely due to mild weather conditions and abundant food supply. The rate of territory occupation, regarded as estimator of density fluctuations, was non-linearly correlated with density and proportion of wooded and farmland areas, and not correlated with the proportion of built-up areas. In plots with owl density ranging from 2–4 territories km-2 all the breeding territories were stable over ten years. At decreasing density the lower rate of territory occupation was attributable to the large proportion of unsuitable habitat. Competition with neighbours and the consequent reduction of mean territory size may account for the lower territory stability at high densities, where the proportion of wooded areas is high. The proportion of farmland areas, which is a poor habitat for breeding but represent a suitable hunting ground, explains additional variance of the density fluctuations.

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Wiens, John A., John T. Rotenberry i Beatrice Van Horne. "Territory Size Variations in Shrubsteppe Birds". Auk 102, nr 3 (1.07.1985): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/102.3.500.

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Abstract We recorded variations in sizes of breeding territories of Sage (Amphispiza belli) and Brewer's (Spizella breweri) sparrows at four locations in shrubsteppe habitats during 1976-1983. There was considerable variation in territory sizes of both species, and ANOVA tests indicated that site, plot within site, and year all contributed to this variation. Territory-size variations of Sage Sparrows were correlated with differences in several habitat features, while those of Brewer's Sparrows showed no relation to habitat variation. Territory sizes in both species varied inversely with breeding population densities, although in different ways. Our findings cast doubt on the meaning or value of "average" territory-size measures for a species as a whole.

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Armstrong, E. A. "TERRITORY IN THE WREN TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES." Ibis 98, nr 3 (28.06.2008): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1956.tb01427.x.

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Snow, D. W. "TERRITORY IN THE BLACKBIRD TURDUS MERULA." Ibis 98, nr 3 (28.06.2008): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1956.tb01428.x.

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Lanyon, Wesley E. "TERRITORY IN THE MEADOWLARKS, GENUS STURNELLA." Ibis 98, nr 3 (28.06.2008): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1956.tb01433.x.

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Lowen, C., i R. I. M. Dunbar. "Territory size and defendability in primates". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 35, nr 5 (1.11.1994): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050105.

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Switzer, Paul V., Judy A. Stamps i Marc Mangel. "When should a territory resident attack?" Animal Behaviour 62, nr 4 (październik 2001): 749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1799.

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Lowen, C., i R. I. M. Dunbar. "Territory size and defendability in primates". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 35, nr 5 (listopad 1994): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00184423.

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Minias, P., i T. Janiszewski. "Territory selection in the city: can birds reliably judge territory quality in a novel urban environment?" Journal of Zoology 300, nr 2 (3.06.2016): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12362.

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Thomson, Chris N. "Monitoring the effect of habitat loss on life-cycle aspects of the Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae in a semi-urban landscape". Australian Zoologist 40, nr 4 (styczeń 2020): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2019.005.

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Long-term monitoring of the Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae in a semi-urban landscape before, during and after large-scale habitat removal identified a positive response in breeding activity in the short-term and a change in prey selectivity. Over the longer term, the loss in habitat had a negative impact on site fidelity. A pair of Masked Owls exhibited high fidelity to a particular breeding territory before and during the removal of large areas of habitat within this territory. Breeding success occurred over two consecutive seasons during the removal of known habitat and other disturbance events at which time the pair and their offspring were observed to exploit disturbed habitat and newly created forest edges in search of prey. Breeding activity was supported by an increased dietary focus on introduced rodents and other mammals displaced during habitat clearing. Fidelity to the breeding territory became more irregular post-disturbance and after two years the territory appeared to be abandoned. This response may suggest that the cumulative loss of habitat for established pairs as a result of urban expansion is likely to adversely affect reproductive success and site fidelity in the longer term.

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Searcy, William, Stephen Nowicki i Melissa Hughes. "The Territory Defense Function of Song in Song Sparrows: A Test with the Speaker Occupation Design". Behaviour 135, nr 5 (1998): 615–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853998792897888.

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AbstractTerritory defense is considered one of the primary functions of bird song, but this hypothesis has been directly tested in only a few cases. We used the speaker replacement method to ask whether song functions as a 'keep out' signal in song sparrows, a species for which there is considerable evidence supporting a mate attraction and stimulation function of song, but only indirect evidence that song functions as a signal to other males. We removed 11 matched pairs of male song sparrows from their territories, replacing one male of each matched pair with loudspeakers broadcasting that male's song (the 'experimental' territory) while leaving the other male's territory silent (the 'control' territory). In all cases in which encroachments or takeovers occurred, these occurred first (or solely) on the control territory of a matched pair, supporting the hypothesis that song functions in territory defense in this species. The incidence of intrusions on control territories was very low, however, posing difficulties for the interpretation of speaker replacement experiments designed to ask more specific questions about how song functions in male-male aggressive competition.

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Siracusa, Erin, Marina Morandini, Stan Boutin, Murray M. Humphries, Ben Dantzer, Jeffrey E. Lane i Andrew G. McAdam. "Red squirrel territorial vocalizations deter intrusions by conspecific rivals". Behaviour 154, nr 13-15 (2017): 1259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003467.

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Abstract In many species, territory advertisement is thought to be one of the primary functions of acoustic communication. North American red squirrels are a territorial species in which ‘rattles’ have long been thought to be the principal signal communicating territory ownership. These vocalizations have been assumed to deter intruders, thus reducing energetic costs and the risk of injury associated with direct aggressive interactions. However, this hypothesis has not been directly tested. Here we used a speaker occupation experiment to test whether red squirrel rattles function to deter conspecific rivals. We studied 29 male squirrels and removed each individual from his territory twice in a paired design. During the experimental treatment, we simulated the owner’s presence after its removal by broadcasting the owner’s rattle from a loudspeaker at the centre of the territory once every 7 min. During the control treatment, the territory was left in silence following the temporary removal of the owner. We found that the presence of a speaker replacement reduced the probability of intrusion by 34% and increased the latency to first intrusion by 7%, providing support for the hypothesis that rattles play an active role in reducing intrusion risk. However, intrusions were not completely averted by the speaker replacement, indicating that for some individuals vocalizations alone are not a sufficient deterrent without other cues of the territory owner.

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Turgambaev, D. G., Kh A. Akhmetov, M. M. Alimkulov, A. A. Grachev i B. B. Arynov. "Сurrent status and migration of roe deer on the territory of the Кolsai lakes national natural park". Kazakhstan zoological bulletin 1, nr 1-2 (2020): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54944/kzbiq989vn28.

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The article presents the results of a one-time registration of roe deer conducted from 2011 to 2020. The census began in 2011 together with the staff of the Institute of Zoology on 13 routes. Census of roe deer was carried out by methods of census of the main hunting and commercial and rare species of animals in Kazakhstan. The counts were carried out in spring and autumn. This article presents the results of the 13 routes by sex, age, abundance and habitat of roe deer in 2020. In general, the number of roe deer in the Kolsai Lakes National Natural Park is currently 350-500 individuals. According to park inspectors, such fluctuations in the number of roe deer are associated with unfavorable weather conditions and heavy snowfall in some years, the migration of deer outside the national park, as well as the presence of wolves, etc. An increase in the number of predators also affects. This figure can be seen from the results of the roe deer survey in 2011-2020.

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Polevod, V. A. "THE HISTORY OF FORMATION OF ENTOMOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS IN THE MUSEUMS OF KEMEROVO REGION". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, nr 2 (8.07.2016): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-2-41-49.

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Collections of insects in the museums are a part of natural heritage. Their preservation presents complexity, but is relevant for scientific, educational and exposition tasks. The history of entomological researches in the territory of Kemerovo region is described, the problem of discrepancy of data in references on stories of collecting entomological material to the maintenance of museum entomological collections in the region is analyzed.The generalizing research on existence and history of completing of entomological collections in the Region’s museums was never carried out earlier. 6 museums with such materials, the collections of the Department of Zoology and Ecology of Kemerovo State University and a number of private collections were revealed. Also detailed description of large collections of Kemerovo State University (materials of the Museum, the Department of Zoology and Ecology) and the Kemerovo Regional Museum of Local Lore is provided for the first time. The example of particular collections allowed observing the general regularity of merge of private collections with museum funds. Unambiguous leadership of of Kemerovo State University collections in quantity of units of storage and their importance is established. They are actively used and involved in research, educational, exposition and exhibition life of the University and the Region (with active support of private collections).

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SHAH, MUZAMIL SYED, i MOHD KAMIL USMANI. "The Notched-frons Katydids of Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) India: new records and a new species of Euconocephalus (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Copiphorini)". Zootaxa 5128, nr 2 (20.04.2022): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.2.7.

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Karny (1912) proposed Copiphorini tribe within the subfamily Conocephalinae, family Tettigoniidae. Copiphorini is now one of the seven tribes of Conocephalinae. The members of this tribe are characterized by notched frons and a slanting head shape. This is the first study of the tribe in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The specimens which were examined for this study were collected in Kashmir from August 2019 to September 2021. During the survey, two genera and four species including a new species, Euconocephalus farooqi sp. nov. were reported. Brief discussion about morphology and distribution of new and first records are given. The holotype of new the species has been deposited in the museum of Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India.

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Rosell, Frank, Gry Gundersen i Jean-François Le Galliard. "Territory ownership and familiarity status affect how much male root voles (Microtus oeconomus) invest in territory defence". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62, nr 10 (25.04.2008): 1559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-008-0585-5.

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Bensch, Staffan, i Dennis Hasselquist. "Territory Infidelity in the Polygynous Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus: The Effect of Variation in Territory Attractiveness". Journal of Animal Ecology 60, nr 3 (październik 1991): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5418.

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Nelson, Douglas, Hitesh Khanna i Peter Marler. "LEARNING BY INSTRUCTION OR SELECTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATTERNS OF GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN BIRD SONG". Behaviour 138, nr 9 (2001): 1137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853901753287172.

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AbstractExperience can have both instructive and selective effects on vocal development in song birds. Learning by instruction occurs when one male imitates the song of another. Learning by selection occurs when a male chooses one or more songs to retain in his repertoire based on interaction with other individuals. These models of learning make different predictions about the degree of microgeographic variation in song present in wild populations of birds. If males are instructed by their immediate territory neighbors, then the songs of territory neighbors should be more similar than are the songs of non-neighbors. In contrast, if males select a song for retention that was learned elsewhere in the dialect, the songs of neighbors should be no more similar than are the songs of non-neighbors sampled from the same dialect. We compared the songs of males sampled in two sedentary populations and four migratory populations of four subspecies of the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys. In the two sedentary nuttalli populations, males on neighboring territories sang very similar songs, indicating that males are instructed by their territory neighbors after they disperse short distances to their breeding territories. Learning by selection during territory establishment after natal dispersal appears to predominate in the four migratory populations: the songs of territory neighbors were no more similar than were the songs of non-neighbors. We conclude that the sedentary/migratory distinction in the annual cycle determines the form of vocal learning that occurs between territory neighbors.

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Gauthier, Gilles. "Brood territories in buffleheads: determinants and correlates of territory size". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, nr 6 (1.06.1987): 1402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-221.

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In most species of ducks, only females tend the brood, and they do not defend brood territories. However, in buffleheads (Bucephala albeola), females strongly defend brood territories. I examined factors affecting territory size of broods, and their consequences for growth rate and survival of ducklings. Brood density tended to be higher on ponds with higher food density. Territory size was inversely correlated with both food abundance in the territory and brood density on the pond. The slope of the relationship between territory size and food did not differ significantly from −1, the slope expected if females adjust territory size to maintain a constant food supply. Partial correlation analysis, however, revealed that brood density may be a more important proximate determinant of territory size than food. Growth rates of ducklings were not affected by food density but were depressed at high brood density in one year. Duckling survival increased with food density in the first year but was depressed at high brood density in the next. I suggest that females select a brood territory and that the size of that territory varies according to both food and brood density. This apparently buffers the effects of variation in food and brood density on growth and survival of ducklings.

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Kohlsdorf, Tiana, Joana M. Ribeiro i Carlos A. Navas. "Territory quality and male dominance in Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae)". Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 5, nr 2 (1.12.2006): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v5i2p109-118.

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Von Schantz, Torbjörn. "Territory economics and population stability—can populations be socially regulated?" Ornis Svecica 1, nr 1 (1.01.1991): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v1.23093.

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Although Wynne-Edwards' group selectionist theory of population regulation was soon rejected, the concept of social regulation still remains in the literature. Here I examine the importance of social behaviour (e.g. territoriality) in population regulation from an individual selectionist point of view. One of Watson and Moss' criteria for population regulation through social behaviour is that the individuals should defend resources that exceed their need for survival and reproduction. This is an analogy to Verner's super territory model which is not compatible with optimality theory. Moreover, the observations that per capita reproductive rate decreases with increased group size has often been taken as a sign of social regulation at the group level. However, it can be demonstrated, both theoretically and empirically, that population rate of increase as well as the population's efficiency of converting resources into reproduction can increase with increased population density in spite of a decrease in per capita reproductive rate. These correlations reduce population stability in variable environments. To be effectively regulative social behaviour must induce a negative correlation between efficiency of converting resources into reproduction and population density. With this background I conclude that the importance of social regulation is highly exaggerated. It is only in a special case that social behaviour can induce population stability in variable environments, viz. in permanently territorial species whose life expectancy exceeds the average time period of the environmental fluctuations.

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