Artykuły w czasopismach: „Territories”

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Temeles, Ethan J., Amanda B. Muir, Elon B. Slutsky i Maren N. Vitousek. "Effect of Food Reductions on Territorial Behavior of Purple-Throated Caribs". Condor 106, nr 3 (1.08.2004): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.3.691.

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AbstractWe experimentally reduced the number of flowers of two species of Heliconia (H. caribaea and H. bihai) by 50% on territories defended by male Purple-throated Caribs (Eulampis jugularis). Following reductions, males decreased the amount of time they spent feeding on their territories and lost a significant amount of weight, but increased their time feeding and regained weight to premanipulation levels following restoration of flower abundance. Territorial males also spent less time in defense following flower reductions, in part by reducing the durations of chases of female intruders. Significantly fewer females intruded onto male territories following reductions in only 1 of 3 years; in all 3 years, significantly more females intruded onto the more rewarding H. caribaea territories, which offered a greater number of flowers per inflorescence than H. bihai territories.Efectos de la Disminución de la Cantidad de Alimento sobre el Comportamiento Territorial de Eulampis jugularisResumen. Disminuimos experimentalmente en un 50% el número de flores de dos especies de Heliconia (H. caribaea y H. bihai) en territorios defendidos por machos de la especie Eulampis jugularis. Después de las disminuciones, los machos redujeron la cantidad de tiempo que pasaron alimentándose en sus territorios y perdieron una cantidad considerable de peso, pero aumentaron el tiempo de alimentación y recobraron su peso hasta los niveles de premanipulación una vez que se restauraron los niveles de abundancia de flores. Los machos territoriales también invirtieron menos tiempo en defensa luego de las reducciones en la cantidad de flores, en parte reduciendo la duración de las persecuciones a hembras intrusas. Significativamente menos hembras irrumpieron en los territorios de los machos tras las disminuciones en sólo uno de tres años; en los tres años, significativamente más hembras irrumpieron en los territorios con H. caribaea, los cuales ofrecieron un mayor número de flores por inflorescencia que los territorios con H. bihai.

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Takeiti, Beatriz Akemi, i Larissa Mazzotti Santamaria. "Territorializando as experiências juvenis: interfaces entre o projeto juventude(s) e o sintonizando na transformação/Territorializing youth experiences: interfaces between the juventude(s) project and sintonizando na tranformação". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, nr 3 (15.08.2023): 1844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto57651.

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Este ensaio fotográfico propõe pensar algumas abordagens territoriais e comunitárias em Terapia Ocupacional com jovens em dois projetos distintos - o Juventude(S) e o Sintonizando na Transformação. Ambos atuam com jovens - estudantes de escola pública e moradores de um conjunto de favelas no Rio de Janeiro e jovens em conflito com a lei após cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de Liberdade Assistida e Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade em Campinas/SP. Iniciamos apresentando os dois projetos bem como os distintos territórios em que eles ocorrem. Em seguida, procuramos estabelecer, a partir das imagens dos projetos, um diálogo sobre as experiências cujas reflexões direcionam-se para as ações territoriais e comunitárias em terapia ocupacional.Palavras-chave: Juventude. Abordagens territoriais e comunitárias. Arte-cultura. Terapia OcupacionalAbstractThis photo essay proposes thinking about some territorial and community approaches in Occupational Therapy with young people in two different projetcs - the Juventude(S) and Sintonizando na Transformação. Both work with young people - public school students and residents of a group of favelas in Rio de Janeiro and young people in conflict with the law after complying with the socio-educational measure of Assisted Freedom in Campinas/SP. We begin by presenting the two projects as well as the different territories in which they take place. Next, we try to establish, based on the images of teh projects, a dialogue about the experiences whose reflections are directed towards territorial and community actions in occupational therapy.Keywords: Young. Territorial and Community approaches. Art culture. Occupational TherapyResumenEste ensayo fotográfico propone pensar algunos abordajes territoriales y comunitarias con jóvenes en dos proyectos diferentes - el Juventude(S) y Sintonizando en la Transformación. Ambos trabajan con jóvenes - estudiantes de escuelas públicas y residentes de un conjunto de favelas en Rio de Janeiro y jóvenes en conflicto con la ley luego de cumplir con la medida socioeducativa de Libertad Asistida y Prestación de Servicios a la Comunidad en Campinas/SP. Comenzamos presentando los dos proyectos así como los diferentes territorios en los que se desarrollan. A continuación, tratamos de establecer, a partir de las imágenes de los proyectos, un diálogo sobre las experiencias cuyas reflexiones se orientan hacia acciones territoriales y comunitarias en terapia ocupacionalPalabras clave: Juventud. Enfoques territoriales y comunitarios. Cultura artística. Terapia ocupacional

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ZABLODSKA, Inna, i Yuliia ROHOZIAN. "ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECT OF ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF UKRAINE’S TERRITORIES". Economy of Ukraine 2023, nr 1 (28.01.2023): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.01.044.

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The economic and legal support for assessing the socio-economic effectiveness and efficiency of the development of functional types of Ukraine’s territories is substantiated. In the conditions of a full-scale war, the norms of state regional policy are developed using a territorially oriented and security approach, which involves the definition of such functional types of territories as recovery territories, territories with special conditions for development, regional poles of growth, territories of sustainable development. The assignment of macro- and micro-regions, territorial communities to a particular functional type of territory depends on the indicators of their socio-economic situation, given that their coherence is established using a matrix approach. A matrix for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the development of functional types of Ukraine’s territories and their development tracks (full and short) has been designed. The emergence of potentially dangerous territories and temporary non-recovery territories is noted. Two key indicators are proposed for the preliminary assignment of macro- and micro-regions, territorial communities to a particular functional type of territory: the expediency coefficient of territories development (recovery and growth) after the war and the coefficient of population decline in the region or territorial community due to the war. For the development of regions and territorial communities, the development and implementation of programs for the comprehensive recovery of the region (oblast) and territorial communities are envisaged. The indicators (parameters, characteristics) that reflect the specifics of the destruction, substantiate the expediency and feasibility of territories recovery in the context of their comprehensive revival programs based on the current legislation are singled out. It is emphasized that it is advisable to determine quantitative and qualitative indicators for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the development of functional types of Ukraine’s territories, taking into account the impact of the war.

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Silva, Samuel Elias, Wilhan R. C. Assunção, Charles Duca i Jerry Penha. "Cost of territorial maintenance by Parodon nasus (Osteichthyes: Parodontidae) in a Neotropical stream". Neotropical Ichthyology 7, nr 4 (2009): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009000400017.

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The combined demand over a certain resource may exceed its immediate supply, which can then lead to competition between individuals. This competition may result in territorial behavior. In this study we determine the density and spatial distribution, describe the interactions arising from territorial behavior and evaluate the costs of keeping the territories defended by adults of Parodon nasus. The study was conducted in Camarinha Stream located in the Serra das Araras Ecological Station, Porto Estrela, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The density was constant throughout the length of the stream, with a mean (± standard deviation) of 1.01 ind./m² (± 0.14). Our results show that the spatial distribution of individuals in the area ranged between uniform and random. The territories were defended more often against intraspecific than interspecific intruders. The time that the owners of the territories devoted to defending them was not influenced by the size of the territories. However, owners of larger territories spent more time foraging than owners of smaller territories. As a result, owners of larger territories had less time to rest than owners of smaller territories. The results of this study show behavioral patterns relevant to understanding the relationship between size and territorial maintenance cost of P. nasus and other species of fish with territorial behavior.

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Придатько, Елла. "МАРКЕТИНГ ТЕРИТОРІЙ В СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ГРОМАДИ". Economical 1, nr 1(22) (2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1680-0044-2020-1(22)-81-89.

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Purpose. Research of the concept of marketing of territories and the features of the use of marketing tools and technologies by local governments in the field of social and economic development of territorial community in modern economic conditions. Method. The analysis of theoretical foundations and practical use of marketing of territories in activity of territorial communities is based on methods of theoretical generalization, grouping and concretization. Results. Attention is payed to the introduction and the use of marketing of territories in the activities of territorial communities, and qualitative changes at the current stage of decentralization of power and resources are indicated. It is substantiated that the use of effective management tools, primarily through the use of marketing approaches, namely marketing and branding of territories will help to improving the welfare of the population, infrastructure development, providing quality services, attracting investment and qualified personnel, forming and promoting own brand, their self-identity and will contribute to the economic development of the community, the region and the country as a whole. The application of marketing of territories and branding by territorial communities of Donetsk region is analyzed. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to use simple and low-budget tools for marketing and branding of territories, as well as to involve all stakeholders of the territory (population, business structures, local governments) who are interested in competitiveness and attractiveness of a certain territorial community. Scientific novelty. The place of marketing of territories in activity of territorial communities in the context of management of social and economic development is defined. Practical significance. The results of the study form a scientific and practical basis for the use of marketing of territories in the activities of territorial communities in modern economic conditions, as well as the creation of an optimal and effective model of territorial community management.

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Gunnarsson, Guðmundur Smári, i Stefán Óli Steingrímsson. "Contrasting patterns of territoriality and foraging mode in two stream-dwelling salmonids, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta)". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, nr 12 (grudzień 2011): 2090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-127.

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Territoriality and foraging behaviour play major roles in determining the abundance and distribution of mobile animals. To date, territorial behaviour of young-of-the-year (YOY) salmonids is typically described for sit-and-wait individuals that defend territories from one foraging station, but rarely for more mobile fish. We examined the territorial behaviour and foraging mode of 31 YOY Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) and 30 YOY brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in relation to ecological factors in six rivers in northern Iceland. Arctic char used larger territories than brown trout, corresponding with high and low mobility prior to attacking prey, respectively. Within species, more mobile fish also used larger territories. Territory size increased with body size and declined with increased food abundance as predicted, but surprisingly increased with rising intruder pressure. Finally, Arctic char territories overlapped more and were less exclusively defended than brown trout territories. This study shows that territories of mobile individuals may not always pertain to the same rules as single central-place territories and highlights that territorial behaviour, and its role in population regulation, may vary between salmonid species.

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Governa, Francesca, i Carlo Salone. "Territories in action, territories for action: the territorial dimension of Italian local development policies". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 28, nr 4 (grudzień 2004): 796–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00552.x.

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Diaz-Soria, Inmaculada, i Asunción Blanco Romero. "MICROCLÚSTERS DE ACTORES: ¿HERRAMIENTAS TURÍSTICAS PARA LA ESTRUCTURACIÓN TERRITORIAL?" Cuadernos de Turismo, nr 51 (23.07.2023): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/turismo.571531.

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This paper analyzes music festivals as a territorial structuring tool as part of a larger reflection on the resilience of territories highly dependent on tourism. The results obtained from our study on the Empordà (Costa Brava), through in-depth interviews and a system of quantitative indicators, confirm that these cultural tourism products function as microclusters, creating and reinforcing stable relationships between local actors. When they become one more product in a multifunctional territory, they can contribute to making destinations and territories more resilient. En el marco de una reflexión sobre la resiliencia de un territorio altamente dependiente del turismo como el Empordà (Costa Brava), este trabajo analiza los festivales de música como herramienta de estructuración territorial. Los resultados obtenidos, a través de entrevistas en profundidad y un sistema de indicadores cuantitativos, confirman que estos productos turísticos culturales funcionan como microclústers, creando y reforzando relaciones estables entre actores locales. Cuando constituyen un producto más en un territorio multifuncional, pueden contribuir a hacer más resilientes destinos y territorios.

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Chechulin, A. V., A. L. Kuznecov, V. P. Grakhov i M. B. Perfil’eva. "Communication and Marketing Technologies of Territory Promotion: Forming Professional Market in Russia". Science & Technique 19, nr 2 (1.04.2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-2-125-129.

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The purpose of the paper is to analyze a market of territorial marketing as a special, significantly different from the commercial market in the post-Soviet space. Attempts to characterize this territorial marketing market in general have not yet been undertaken. The authors have set a task to answer questions about their understanding of the territorial marketing essence; nature of interest of any territories in general and post-Soviet territories, in particular, in the use of marketing tools in its strategic development; territorial marketing market structure – customers of such services on behalf of territories, research organizations, marketing, advertising, design and other organizations creating convenient marketing products, and furthermore means for advertisement positioning and organizations providing opportunities for special events in the interests of territories promotion. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the territorial marketing markets of a number of countries leading in the post-Soviet space which are not members of the European Union, an analysis of statistical data and expert surveys, the conclusions have been made: Russia occupies the leading place in this field - and in absolute criteria (budgets, territories need), and in quality of work. But in the recent years Kazakhstan is actively developing territorial marketing technologies and this country is ahead of Russia in a number of areas. It is important that the territorial marketing markets of Russia, Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet countries are not isolated from international ideas and market structures. The main developments for the Russian territories are based on the ideas and methodology of the British school of territorial marketing. Foreign marketing structures, primarily from Great Britain and the Netherlands almost always participate (and often win) in significant tenders for territories ordering being held in Russia and other CIS countries.

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Garcés Hidalgo, Álvaro. "Desafíos de los ordenamientos territoriales en Colombia: guerra, narcotráfico, minería y agronegocios en los territorios de comunidades campesinas, negras e indígenas del sur del país". Criterio Jurídico Garantista 9, nr 14 (1.06.2016): 14–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/21453381.592.

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El presente artículo intenta contribuir al debate sobre las dife- rentes formas de ordenación territorial, que a manera de ejer- cicios de poder están impactando los territorios étnicos en el suroccidente colombiano. En ese orden, se da una mirada crí- tica a diferentes factores que tienen efectos nefastos sobre los territorios y las territorialidades étnicas, entre ellos: el conflicto armado; el narcotráfico y la producción de cultivos de uso ilícito; las propuestas estatales de desarrollo minero, forestal y la puesta en marcha de modelos económicos y territoriales erigidos sobre la lógica de los agronegocios. Lo que se propone es que todos los aspectos anteriores deben ser asumidos como parte fundamental de un análisis sistémico encaminado a comprender el conflicto territorial en esta región; ello, porque históricamente en esta misma área, las minorías étnicas también vienen adelantando sus propios “ordenamientos del territorio”, amparadas, por su- puesto, en las facultades legales establecidas en la Constitución Política, en sus propios usos y costumbres, y en las demás legis- laciones especiales que los cobijan. En resumen, el texto plantea elementos de discusión que buscan generar un acercamiento crí- tico a lo que acontece en esta región de Colombia. The following article intends to contribute to the discussion of the different forms of territorial organization which, evidenc- ing power, are impacting the ethnical territories of Colombian southwest. In this sense, a critical view is presented about the different factors with disastrous effects for the territories and ethnical territorialities. Some of these are the armed conflict, drug trafficking, the production of illicit crops, the State pro- posals for mining and forest development, and the setting up of territorial and economic models based on the logic of agri- businesses. The proposal consists in considering all the previ- ous factors as a fundamental part of a systemic analysis aimed at understanding the territorial conflict in this region because, historically speaking, in this same area, ethnical minorities have been carrying out their own “territorial organizations” and these decisions are supported, of course, by the legal faculties established in the Political Constitution, by their own uses and costumes and by the other special laws that uphold their rights. To sum up, the text sets out some discussion factors that intend to generate a critical approach on what is happening in this re- gion of Colombia.

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Eason, Perri K., i Susan J. Hannon. "Effect of Pairing Status on use of Space by Territorial Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus Lagopus): Bachelor Males Choose Life on The Edge". Auk 120, nr 2 (1.04.2003): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.2.497.

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Abstract One function of territorial defense may be to facilitate mate guarding by resident males. To assess the importance of mate guarding in territoriality, we examined the spatial pattern of intrusions by male Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) on the territories of other males and we compared use of territorial space by paired and bachelor males. Because intruding males tended to remain near territorial boundaries of other males more than expected by chance, we expected paired males to avoid areas near boundaries, where the chances of the female encountering another male would be higher. We found that before females had settled onto territories, all resident males used boundary areas of their territories extensively. After females settled, however, paired males remained almost exclusively in the cores of their territories, whereas bachelor males continued to use primarily the edges of their territories. Those patterns of space use suggest that the benefits of having more exclusive access to a mate may be one of the selective forces driving territorial behavior in this species.

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Alekseeva, N. A. "JUSTIFICATION OF A NEW MODEL OF MUNICIPAL DISTRICT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF TERRITORIAL PLANNING". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 33, nr 2 (31.03.2023): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2023-33-2-209-216.

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Since 2003, the administrative-territorial division in Russia existed as part of rural and urban settlements, municipal districts, urban districts, intracity territories. This system of territorial division showed its ineffectiveness in terms of the timeliness of solving local problems and the quality of territorial planning, since local authorities constantly experienced personnel "hunger," lack of funding. In addition, external and internal migration of the population contributed to the change in population density in certain territories, to the demand for existing objects of social, engineering and transport infrastructure. Since 2019, municipal districts have been introduced, which, according to the criterion of population density and with the consent of citizens, unite rural settlements. Accordingly, changes are predicted in the compilation of territorial planning documents - master plans for rural settlements. The main problems of drawing up and applying master plans for the development of territories were considered, the economic effectiveness of creating municipal districts in the context of territorial planning was justified on the example of one of the districts of the Udmurt Republic. Centralization of management will save budget funds, establish information collection and optimize territorial planning processes, update and create new master plans for the development of territories, and increase the investment attractiveness of territories.

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Haesbaert, Rogério. "Região, Diversidade Territorial e Globalização". GEOgraphia 1, nr 1 (2.09.2009): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia1999.11.a13361.

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Resumo A região e a questão regional seguem sendo relevantes e são revigoradas, pois mesmo na era da globalização a diversidade territorial se manifesta tanto através de profundas desigualdades (econômicas) - que o marxismo ajuda a explicar, quanto de diferenças (culturais), sobrevalorizadas pelo chamado pós-estruturalismo. Neste jogo de múltiplos desenhos territoriais, a relação local-global adquire destaque e a região se torna muito mais complexa, manifestando-se tanto na forma tradicional dos territórios-zona quanto na forma de territórios-rede ou "redes regionais" . Palavras-chave: região, regionalização, global-local. Abstract Region and regional question endure being relevant and they are reinvigorated, as even in the globalization era the territorial diversity appears by deep (economic) inequalities - explained mainly in marxist terms, and by (cultural) differences, overemphasized by the poststructuralism. At this game of multiple territorial designs, the global-local relation is emphasized and region becomes much more complex, appearing in the traditional form of zonal-territories as well as in the form of network-territories (or "regional networks"). Keywords: region, regionalization, global-local.

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Haesbaert, Rogério. "Região, Diversidade Territorial e Globalização". GEOgraphia 1, nr 1 (2.09.2009): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia1999.v1i1.a13361.

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Resumo A região e a questão regional seguem sendo relevantes e são revigoradas, pois mesmo na era da globalização a diversidade territorial se manifesta tanto através de profundas desigualdades (econômicas) - que o marxismo ajuda a explicar, quanto de diferenças (culturais), sobrevalorizadas pelo chamado pós-estruturalismo. Neste jogo de múltiplos desenhos territoriais, a relação local-global adquire destaque e a região se torna muito mais complexa, manifestando-se tanto na forma tradicional dos territórios-zona quanto na forma de territórios-rede ou "redes regionais" . Palavras-chave: região, regionalização, global-local. Abstract Region and regional question endure being relevant and they are reinvigorated, as even in the globalization era the territorial diversity appears by deep (economic) inequalities - explained mainly in marxist terms, and by (cultural) differences, overemphasized by the poststructuralism. At this game of multiple territorial designs, the global-local relation is emphasized and region becomes much more complex, appearing in the traditional form of zonal-territories as well as in the form of network-territories (or "regional networks"). Keywords: region, regionalization, global-local.

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Belyaev, Victor Ivanovich. "REPUTATION, IMAGE, BRAND: CREATION AND USE IN PRACTICE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES AND TERRITORIES". Economics Profession Business, nr 1 (6.03.2020): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb201953.

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The article is devoted to the development and marketing justification of strategies for the growth and development of enterprises, territorial entities (cities, territories, regions) using such categories as reputation, image, brand. These categories are considered in the article in relation to goods, companies, territories. The article substantiates the existence of a meaningful relationship between regional product brands and the image of territories. To develop the image of the territories, it is proposed to use the mechanism for registering appellations of origin for regional product brands. The promotion of such goods to other territorial markets will advance the consciousness of local consumers and the name of the locality of origin of the goods, shape and strengthen the image of the territory. This is proposed to be used in the development and justification of strategies for the growth and development of territories. Their implementation will contribute to economic growth and the development of territorial entities.

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Clayton, D. A. "Why Mudskippers Build Walls". Behaviour 102, nr 3-4 (1987): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853986x00117.

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AbstractThe proximate mechanisms of territorial behaviour in Boleophthalmus boddarti, an amphibious gobiid mudskipper that builds and maintains polygonal mud-walled territories provides a good example of the elastic disc concept of territories. The occurrence of wall building is density dependent and a contiguous mosaic of territories is only produced at high fish densities. Wall removal and replacement experiments show that the mud-wall acts as a visual barrier and reduces aggression between neighbouring territorial fish.

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Dub, A. R. "Determination of Coastal Territories as an Object of Implementation of the State Regional Policy in Ukraine". Business Inform 9, nr 512 (2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-9-99-106.

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The formation of a new State regional policy in Ukraine on the basis of a combination of both the sectoral and the territorial approach requires comprehension of the functional direction of territories. The key point at that is a typologyzation of the territories of Ukraine on a functional basis, their delineation and concretization for the purposes of the State policy. The article is aimed at specifying and proposing the definition of coastal territories for the purposes of the State policy of regional development on the basis of an analysis of the achievements by domestic scholars, as well as the current legislation of both the European Union and Ukraine. The analysis, carried out by the author, showed that the current legal framework of Ukraine does not regulate all types of territories to which the State policy of regional development is directed. Such territories, in particular, include coastal territories. In the course of research, the methodology of typologyzation of coastal territories in the European Union is disclosed; an analysis of the segregating coastal territories by domestic scientists is carried out; a critical review of Ukrainian legislation on the interpretation of the concepts related to coastal territories is accomplished. The definitions of «coastal territories» and «coastal territorial community» are substantiated and suggested for the purposes of the State policy of regional development of Ukraine, taking into account the changes introduced by the decentralization reform.

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Siryk, Zenoviy. "Features of forming the investment needs of local governments". Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, nr 3(143) (2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-5.

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The paper researches some aspects of regulative maintenance of investment activity in Ukraine and at the level of territories (on the example of Lviv) in the condition of reforming local governments. The author suggests his interpretation of “an investment capacity of a territorial community”. The specifics of managing the investment activity of territories is outlined, and the groups of needs of local governments, the realization of which is the ground for territorial communities’ activity, are defined. The sources of funding of local governments’ investment needs are characterized. The scheme of balancing investment needs and investment opportunities (sources) as a component of management of a territory’s investment activity is suggested. The conditions of securing positive consequences of the process are examined. The analysis of directions of state support of economic and social development of territories in 2020 shows that regional development programs are funded at 12.7%, while other social, environmental, and innovative directions – at a level less than 5%. The paper emphasizes the need of local governments to independently search for ways to implement socio-cultural projects by efficient use of their investment resources and capacity. For a general analysis of investment activity, the investment in the socio-economic development of Lvivska oblast in 2017-2019 is analyzed. The growing volumes of capital investment and the prevailing share of investment in the purchase of machines and equipment are emphasized. The conclusion on insufficient growth of rural areas’ capacity is made. The problems in the attraction of investment in the economies of cities and consolidated territorial communities are defined. The solution of these problems will contribute to the implementation of new approaches to investment activity at the territories of local communities from the viewpoint of the need to secure their financial capacity and sustainable development of settlements.

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Kennedy, Matthew. "OVERSEAS TERRITORIES IN THE WTO". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 65, nr 3 (2.05.2016): 741–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589316000105.

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AbstractIn the wake of the Faroe Islands fishing dispute, this article seeks to clarify the status of overseas territories in the World Trade Organization (WTO). The article considers the rule of public international law regarding the territorial application of treaties, the impact of territorial limitations in WTO goods and services schedules and the treaty actions of individual States responsible for the international relations of overseas territories. The article then explores the implications of WTO rights and obligations in respect of Members' overseas territories, including limitations on free riding and preferential treatment.

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Iyzefovych, Vladyslava. "ECONOMIC MECHANISMS OF TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN CONDITIONS OF COUNTRY RECONSTRUCTION". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 17, nr 1 (2023): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2023/17-7/7.

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Economic mechanisms of territorial development planning are considered. The problems of researching the economic mechanisms of planning the development of territories in the conditions of the reconstruction of the country and the directions of their effective effectiveness are determined, as well as the justification of measures for their successful implementation. The legal basis of the research in the field of territorial development planning is analyzed, the purpose of the study is determined – analysis of economic mechanisms of territorial development planning in the reconstruction of the country and determine proposals for improving these mechanisms in the transformation of public relations and regeneration of territories in the country. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods, in particular, analysis and synthesis, comparison, induction and deduction, observation, which provide an opportunity to analyze achievements in theory and practice in the field of territorial development planning. The processes of improvement of economic mechanisms of planning of development of territories in the conditions of reconstruction and regeneration of territories, legal maintenance of town-planning development are defined by actual. The normative- legislative documents in the field of territorial development planning are studied, which provide a certain basic basis and increase the efficiency of application of new tools and practices in the conditions of reconstruction of the country. The role of public administration and administration bodies in the formation of the economic basis for the effective development of the territories of Ukraine is determined, given the strengthening of the impact of martial law. Modern innovative approaches to the effective implementation of urban development in modern conditions of regeneration of spaces and the need for their economic support are updated. The importance of improving the economic mechanisms of territorial development planning and the formation of innovation and investment climate to address priorities and find solutions for spatial development at the local level is substantiated. The conclusion of the study is the need to introduce economic mechanisms for planning the development of territories, in particular, mechanisms for investment provision of territories, mechanisms for financial support of the processes of reproduction of territories, mechanisms for reproduction of the capital of territories, state economic support, which are innovative and investment capable and are the direction of the use of modern technologies at the level of each territorial community in the conditions of the reconstruction of the country.

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Smirnova, Olga, i Lyudmila Сhesnyukova. "Spatial unevenness of innovative and technological development of the territories of the Russian Federation". E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130101001.

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The study covers the topical aspects of the innovative and technological development of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of territorial unevenness. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the factors of innovative and technological development of the federal districts of Russia has been carried out, the specificity of regional development has been investigated. The spatial analysis of the territories made it possible to conclude that there is a significant territorial concentration and differentiation in terms of innovative activity indicators. The paper shows a significant territorial disparity in the distribution of developed advanced production technologies. The structure of R&D organizations has been displayed, it has been noted that the bulk of the organizations is concentrated in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. A spatial analysis of the territories of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of the innovative and technological potential made it possible to distinguish territories by the type of innovative development: 1) territories with a high level and an upward trend of innovative and technological development; 2) territories with a high level and a downward trend of innovative and technological development; 3) territories with a low level and an upward trend of innovative and technological development; 4) territories with a low level and a downward trend of innovative and technological development.

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Alcantara, Christopher. "Preferences, perceptions, and veto players: explaining devolution negotiation outcomes in the Canadian territorial north". Polar Record 49, nr 2 (29.02.2012): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247412000125.

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ABSTRACTSince the early part of the 20th century, the federal government has engaged in a long and slow process of devolution in the Canadian Arctic. Although the range of powers devolved to the territorial governments has been substantial over the years, the federal government still maintains control over the single most important jurisdiction in the region, territorial lands and resources, which it controls in two of the three territories, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. This fact is significant for territorial governments because gaining jurisdiction over their lands and resources is seen as necessary for dramatically improving the lives of residents and governments in the Canadian north. Relying on archival materials, secondary sources, and 33 elite interviews, this paper uses a rational choice framework to explain why the Yukon territorial government was able to complete a final devolution agreement relating to lands and resources in 2001 and why the governments of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have not. It finds that the nature and distance of federal-territorial preferences, combined with government perceptions of aboriginal consent and federal perceptions of territorial capacity and maturity, explain the divergent outcomes experienced by the three territorial governments in the Canadian arctic.The following acronyms are employed: AIP: Agreement-in-Principle; DTA: Devolution Transfer Agreement; GEB: gross expenditure base; GN: Government of Nunavut; GNWT: Government of Northwest Territories; NCLA: Nunavut Land Claims Agreement; NTI: Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated; NWT; Northwest Territories; ON: Ontario; TFF: Territorial Formula Financing; UFA: Umbrella Final Agreement; YDTA: Yukon Devolution Transfer Agreement; YTG: Yukon Territorial Government; YK: Yukon;

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SIERIEBRIAK, Stanislav. "Concept of formation of new special legal regimes (mechanisms) of management". Economics. Finances. Law 4, nr - (27.04.2023): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.4.11.

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The paper defines the elements and the concept of the formation of new special legal regimes (mechanisms) of management in local territories, which is a set of elements and the logic of substantiating the need to introduce new special legal regimes (mechanisms) of management in local territories. It was revealed that the emergence of potentially dangerous territories in Ukraine (territories along the borders with the Russian Federation and Belarus) involves the use of economic and legal mechanisms for regulating the development of destroyed/depressed territories by introducing an encouraging-restrictive management regime and applying incentives/restrictions for territorial communities and economic entities. The red lines in territorial administration that cannot be crossed in order to effectively restore the destroyed territories of Ukraine have been marked. There are three types of special legal regimes (mechanisms) of management: incentive-restrictive special legal regime (mechanism) of management on the use of incentives/restrictions for territorial communities and economic entities; special incentive legal regime (mechanism) of management for the use of incentives for territorial communities and business entities; restrictive special legal regime (mechanism) of management on the use of restrictions for territorial communities and business entities. The tasks, key indicators and goals of monitoring the results of the introduction of special legal regimes (mechanisms) of management have been established. To monitor the results of the operation of special legal regimes (mechanisms) of management, key indicators are grouped by vectors: development, security, responsibility. But the main indicators should be reflected in the development strategies of territorial communities and their implementation plans, which should be updated due to the war, taking into account the losses.

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FINLEY-BROOK, MARY. "Territorial ‘Fix’? Tenure Insecurity in Titled Indigenous Territories". Bulletin of Latin American Research 35, nr 3 (6.06.2016): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/blar.12489.

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Jouve, Bernard. "Sectors and Territories in Territorial Planning in Lyons". Planning Theory & Practice 2, nr 2 (styczeń 2001): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649350120068830.

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Alkmin, Fábio Márcio. "Plantando palavras, colhendo autonomias:os protocolos de consulta na defesa dos territórios indígenas amazônicos". Élisée - Revista de Geografia da UEG 12, nr 01 (28.02.2023): e121235. http://dx.doi.org/10.31668/elisee.v12i01.13519.

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Em face de crescentes ataques aos direitos territoriais originários, uma parcela cada vez maior de povos indígenas vem construindo processos de autonomia como estratégia política de defesa identitária e territorial. O presente artigo busca contribuir ao debate a partir de uma perspectiva geográfica, tomando como objeto de análise os chamados “protocolos autônomos de consulta”. Tais documentos, que começaram a ser construídos no Brasil em 2014, com grande protagonismo das organizações indígenas de base, visam pautar as regras pertinentes ao direito à consulta livre, prévia e informada a qualquer intervenção territorial que possa afetar as comunidades direta ou indiretamente. Tomando como recorte espacial a Amazônia Legal brasileira – onde se localizam cerca de 98% da área das Terras Indígenas (TIs) homologadas no país –, realizamos um levantamento exaustivo dos povos que até setembro de 2022 construíram esses protocolos, projetando cartograficamente a localização geográfica desses territórios. A análise das informações revela a importância dos protocolos de consulta para a construção da autonomia territorial, assim como sugere uma lógica espacial em sua gênese, já que muitos desses territórios se localizam em áreas com ameaças contemporâneas de intervenção pela mineração ou construção de hidrelétricas. Conclui-se, portanto, que os protocolos de consulta são parte importante da estratégia de resistência autonômica dos povos indígenas amazônicos, já que possibilitam não só o fortalecimento dos mecanismos internos de controle socioterritorial, como também um anteparo jurídico internacional em um momento de ascensão autoritária no âmbito nacional brasileiro. Planting words, harvesting autonomies: The consultation protocols in the defense of indigenous Amazonian territories Abstract: In the face of growing attacks on territorial rights, an increasing number of indigenous peoples have been building autonomy processes as a political strategy for identity and territorial defense. The present article seeks to contribute to the debate from a geographical perspective, taking the so-called "autonomous consultation protocols" as the object of analysis. Such documents, which began to be built in Brazil in 2014, with the great protagonism of grassroots indigenous organizations, aim to establish the rules for the right to free, prior and informed consultation on any territorial intervention that could affect the communities directly or indirectly. Taking the Brazilian Legal Amazon as a spatial cutout –where about 98% of the area of Indigenous Lands (TIs) homologated in the country are located– we conducted an exhaustive survey of the peoples who, until September 2022, had built these protocols, projecting the geographic location of these territories cartographically. The information analysis reveals the importance of consultation protocols for constructing territorial autonomy and suggesting a spatial logic in their genesis since many of these territories are located in areas with contemporary threats of intervention by mining or hydroelectric construction. We conclude, therefore, that the protocols of consultation are a vital part of the Amazonian indigenous peoples' strategy of autonomous resistance because they make possible not only the strengthening of internal mechanisms of socio-territorial control but also an international legal shield at a time of rising authoritarianism in the Brazilian national sphere. Key-words: Amazon; Autonomy; Indigenous Peoples; Consultation Protocols; Convention 169. Plantando palabras, cosechando autonomías: los protocolos de consulta en la defensa de los territorios indígenas amazónicos Resumen: Ante los crecientes ataques a los derechos territoriales originarios, una parte cada vez mayor de los pueblos indígenas viene construyendo procesos de autonomía como estrategia política de identidad y defensa territorial. El presente artículo pretende contribuir al debate desde una perspectiva geográfica, tomando como objeto los llamados "protocolos de consulta autonómicos". Dichos documentos, que comenzaron a construirse en Brasil en 2014, con gran protagonismo de las organizaciones indígenas de base, pretenden establecer normas sobre el derecho a la consulta libre, previa e informada sobre cualquier intervención territorial que pueda afectar directa o indirectamente a las comunidades. Tomando como recorte espacial la Amazonía Legal brasileña –donde se encuentra aproximadamente el 98% del área de Tierras Indígenas (TIs) homologadas en el país– realizamos un relevamiento exhaustivo de los pueblos que hasta septiembre de 2022 han construido estos protocolos, proyectando cartográficamente la ubicación geográfica de estos territorios. El análisis de la información revela la importancia de los protocolos de consulta para la construcción de la autonomía territorial, además de sugerir una lógica espacial en su génesis, ya que muchos de estos territorios se encuentran en zonas con amenazas contemporáneas de intervención por minería o construcción de presas hidroeléctricas. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que los protocolos de consulta son una parte importante de la estrategia de resistencia autónoma de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos, ya que permiten no sólo el fortalecimiento de los mecanismos internos de control socioterritorial, sino que también constituyen un baluarte jurídico internacional en un momento de creciente autoritarismo en la esfera nacional brasileña. Palabras clave: Amazonía; Autonomía; Pueblos indígenas; Protocolos de consulta; Convenio 169.

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Morton, Eugene S., i Bridget J. M. Stutchbury. "Vocal Communication in Androgynous Territorial Defense by Migratory Birds". ISRN Zoology 2012 (1.03.2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/729307.

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Many temperate zone breeding birds spend their non-breeding period in the tropics where they defend individual territories. Unlike tropical birds that use song for breeding and non-breeding territorial defense, vocal defense differs strikingly between breeding and non-breeding territories in migrants. Song, restricted to males, is used during defense of breeding territories but callnotes are used to defend non-breeding territories. To explain why callnotes and not songs predominate in the non-breeding context, we present an empirical model based upon predictions from motivational/structural rules, ranging theory and latitudinal differences in extra-pair mating systems. Due to sex role divergence during breeding that favors singing in males, but not females, females may be unable to range male song. Ranging requires a signal to be in both the sender and receiver’s repertoire to allow the distance between them to be assessed (ranged). Non-breeding territories of migrants are defended by both males and females as exclusive individual (androgynous) territories. Ranging Theory predicts callnotes, being shared by both males and females can, in turn, be ranged by both so are effective in androgynous territoriality. Where songs are used for non-breeding territorial defense both sexes sing, supporting the evolutionary significance of shared vocalizations in androgynous territorial defense.

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Grzywaczewski, Grzegorz, Federico Morelli i Piotr Skórka. "Little Owl Aggression and Territory in Urban and Rural Landscapes". Animals 14, nr 2 (15.01.2024): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14020267.

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Urbanization is a major land use change across the globe with vast effects on wildlife. In this paper, we studied (1) the territorial displays of Little Owls in urban and rural landscapes, analyzing also (2) the size and habitat composition of the territories, and (3) the factors affecting territory size in both landscapes. To do that, we used t-tests, Principal Components Analysis, and General Linear mixed model procedures. The territory size was smaller in urban than in rural landscapes. Urban territories of Little Owls are characterized by a lower cover of grassland, tall crops, short crops, gardens, and orchards, as well as a higher cover of built-up areas than territories in rural landscapes. Territory size in rural landscapes was negatively correlated with seasonal progress and positively correlated with altitude. The rate of territorial displays was similar between urban and rural territories; however, birds differentially utilized various structures. In urban territories, birds mostly used buildings, whereas in rural territories, birds used electric pylons and trees. The compositional differences between territories in the two landscapes may have important consequences for other behavior types and possibly reproductive output in this species.

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Finerty, Shannon E., Heidi C. Pearson i Randall W. Davis. "Interannual assessment of territory quality for male sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Simpson Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska". Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, nr 3 (marzec 2010): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-003.

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Territory quality and site fidelity were assessed for male sea otters ( Enhydra lutris (L., 1758)) in Simpson Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska, during the summer months (May–August) from 2003 to 2006. Territory quality was coded with a score of 0–2 for four attributes: territory size, shoreline enclosure, territory accessibility, and number of females observed feeding in each territory. Total quality scores ranged from 0.14 to 1.96 (0.9 ± 0.61, mean ± SD), with the highest quality territories having large areas, moderate to little shoreline enclosure, high accessibility, and many foraging females. A total of 13.1 km2 (62.5%) of Simpson Bay was occupied at least once by a territorial male during the 4-year study, and 7.9 km2 (37.5%) was never occupied by a territorial male. There were 7 ± 2.4 (mean ± SD) territorial males in Simpson Bay each year. Five males maintained territories for two consecutive years, with their respective territories having a 16%–34% overlap between years, indicating that repeat territory holders returned to the same area. The number of territorial sea otters, the size of territories, and whether or not a sea otter was a repeat territory holder did not significantly influence the size or quality of male territories.

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Bloch, Andrew N., Layla Al-Shaer, Kimberly Little i Murray Itzkowitz. "Effect of territory intruders on the perceived quality of territorial males in an endangered pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus". Behaviour 155, nr 6 (2018): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003499.

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AbstractSocial eavesdropping can guide mate choice and the assessment of competitor quality. In the endangered Leon Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus), males establish breeding territories that they defend from conspecifics and heterospecific egg predators. Females enter the breeding area to assess males and spawn in their territories. It was hypothesized that male and femaleC. bovinuseavesdrop on social interactions within male territories to evaluate each territorial male’s ability to exclude intruders and attract potential mates. Using a repeated design, a bottle containing either a femaleC. bovinus, a non-territorial maleC. bovinus, a swarm ofG. nobilis, or water was placed at the centre of a male’s territory. Territorial males received more spawns and females spawned more frequently per visit when a female stimulus was present. These results suggest that females eavesdrop to inform their mating decisions, but this may be limited to the assessment of extra-pair females within territories.

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Sánchez-Zamora, Pedro, i Rosa Gallardo-Cobos. "Territorial Cohesion in Rural Areas: An Analysis of Determinants in the Post-Economic Crisis Context". Sustainability 12, nr 9 (7.05.2020): 3816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093816.

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One of the main consequences of the impacts of the past economic and financial crisis, which began in 2007–2008, has been the increase in inequalities between countries, regions, and territories of the EU. In the rural sphere, these disparities are not only observed in an urban–rural dichotomy, but are also evident between rural–rural territories. In this context, it is relevant to develop research based on the concept of territorial cohesion aimed at overcoming the development challenges faced by different types of rural territories. This paper addresses the empirical analysis of territorial cohesion in the rural areas of Andalusia (Spain), one of the European regions most affected by the economic crisis. To this effect, a methodology was designed that measures the level of territorial cohesion of different types of rural territories and identifies the factors that influence this cohesion in each case. The results show that factors such as employment and innovation, economic diversification, availability of natural resources and environmental quality, or information and communication technologies (ICTs) contribute to territorial cohesion in rural areas.

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Ziller, Jacques. "The European Union and the Territorial Scope of European Territories". Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 38, nr 1 (1.03.2007): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v38i1.5657.

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In this paper Professor Ziller addresses the intriguing question of the relationship of the European Union – which is not a state and which has no territory of its own – to the territories of EU Member States. The paper provides a survey of the overseas territories affected and the evolution of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the extent to which the provisions of the EC Treaty apply to the European territories overseas.

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Chen, Shixi, Wanshu Hong, Qiyong Zhang i Yongquan Su. "Why does the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris form territories in farming ponds?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, nr 2 (kwiecień 2007): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407054434.

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The mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris maintained territories in farming ponds during the cold season between November and February. There were two types of territory, one was surrounded by mud-walls, and the other was without mud-walls. Both types of territory were entirely covered by shallow water. The area of walled territories was significantly bigger than that of non-walled ones. The nearest neighbour distance of walled territories was significantly shorter than that of non-walled territories. In January, fish surface activity occurred between 1200 and 1500 hours at which time the territorial water temperature reached a maximum, being significantly higher than that of the air, mud surface or deep burrow. The territorial sediments exhibited a significantly greater benthic microalgal biomass (chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll-a) as compared to the non-territorial sediments. The present study indicates that B. pectinirostris forms a territory during the cold season to keep a pool of water that encourages diatom growth and enables the fish to engage in surface activity.

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Keese, Alexander. "‘Quelques Satisfactions d'Amour-propre’: African Elite Integration, the Loi-cadre, and Involuntary Decolonisation of French Tropical Africa". Itinerario 27, nr 1 (marzec 2003): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300020283.

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On 21 March 1956, the French Overseas Minister, Gaston Defferre, addressed the Assemblée Rationale, presenting a project with especially far-reaching implications. A loi-cadre was planned in order to enable a greater degree of participation by the indigenous populations in the sub-Saharan African overseas territories. The responsibility of the local Assemblées Territoriales was to be increased in various fields. Conseils de Gouuemement were proposed, with the objective to allow Black African politicians to have a role in the territorial executive. Defferre exhorted the deputies to prevent by their vote a development of the tropical African territories in the style of the Maghreb or Indochina. His speech seemed to impress the members of the chamber. At the occasion of two ballots, on 23 March and on 23 June 1956, his bill passed with a comfortable majority.

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Sarate, João Alberto Rubim, Janaina Macke i Bernard Pecqueur. "Social Capital Dimensions: A Proposition for Territorial Development". Revista Rosa dos Ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade 12, nr 4 (22.10.2020): 1039–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/21789061.v12i4p1039.

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This study proposes an instrument to evaluate territorial social capital as a collective resource, found in the cooperation, trust and reciprocity relations. The evaluation of the territorial social capital was done in three neighboring areas in southern Brazil. These territories have common cultural aspects, although they have experienced different patterns of development. The results show that the territorial social capital can be analyzed according to four factors in this order: proximity, territorial anchorage, reciprocity and collective memory. The proximity and the territorial anchorage are the most powerful factors to explain social capital in these territories.

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Jakniūnaitė, Dovilė. "WHEN STATES LOSE TERRITORY: GEORGIA‘S POST-2008 ADJUSTMENT". Baltic Journal of Political Science 6, nr 6 (12.02.2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/bjps.2017.6.11594.

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In this article I analyse how Georgia, as a political entity, coped with the de facto loss of two of its territories: Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The process by which Georgia lost these territories started in early 1990 and reached its final phase in 2008 after the Georgian-Russian war. This article explores how Georgia adjusted to these losses without ever acknowledging its loss of the two territories, demonstrating a perfect example on how the normative territorial structure of an international system works. The analysis focuses on the crucial role of time in the process of the de facto territorial changes and examines how Georgia, in adapting to territorial losses and through its own actions, actually strengthened its separation from Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

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Barrett, Dawn. "Territories". Parallax 5, nr 4 (październik 1999): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135346499249452.

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Gold, Dore. "From "Occupied Territories" to "Disputed Territories"". American Foreign Policy Interests 24, nr 3 (czerwiec 2002): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803920290032344.

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Lahaye, William S., R. J. Gutiérrez i Jeffrey R. Dunk. "Natal Dispersal of the Spotted Owl in Southern California: Dispersal Profile of an Insular Population". Condor 103, nr 4 (1.11.2001): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.4.691.

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Abstract We studied the dispersal patterns of an insular population of California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) in southern California from 1987–1998. The study area encompassed the entire San Bernardino Mountains and included a nested, 535-km2 study area which we used to evaluate the effects of study area size on dispersal parameter estimation. One hundred and twenty-nine of the 478 banded juvenile owls (27%) had entered the territorial population by 1998. Over half of the successful dispersers became territorial within one year. Additionally, all females and 95% of the males occupied territories within three years. Twenty-three sibling pairs and one set of triplets dispersed successfully. Sibling dispersal distances were not correlated. Sixty-seven males and 62 females dispersed 2.3–36.4 km (mean ± SD = 10.1 ± 7.6 km) and 0.4–35.7 km (mean ± SD = 11.7 ± 8.1 km), respectively. The difference between male and female mean dispersal distances was not significant. Dispersal distance and first-year survival were underestimated when using data collected within the smaller, nested study area. The presence of conspecifics may play a key role in the settling process. Seventy-eight percent of the dispersers settled in territories that were occupied by either pairs or single owls the previous year, 16% settled in vacant territories next to occupied sites, and 6% settled at sites of unknown occupancy. No owls settled at unoccupied sites that were not adjacent to occupied sites. Dispersión Natal de Strix occidentalis occidentalis: Descripción de la Dispersión de una Población Insular Resumen. Estudiamos los patrones de dispersión de una población insular de lechuza moteada californiana (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) en el sur de California, desde 1987–1998. El área de estudio comprendió las montañas de San Bernardino e incluyó un sito de estudio de 535 km2 incluído en esta zona el cual usamos para evaluar el efecto del tamaño del área de estudio para la estimación de los parámetros de dispersión. Hasta 1998, 129 de las 478 lechuzas juveniles marcadas (27%) habían entrado a la población territorial. Más la mitad de los dispersores exitosos se hicieron territoriales al cabo de un año. Adicionalmente, todas las hembras y el 95% de los machos ocuparon territorios al cabo de tres años. Veintitrés pares de hermanos y un triplete se dispersaron exitosamente. La distancia de dispersión entre hermanos no se correlacionó. Sesenta y siete machos y 62 hembras se dispersaron 2.3–36.4 km (media = 10.1 ± 7.6 km) y 0.4–35.7 km (media = 11.7 ± 8.1 km), respectivamente. La diferencia entre la media de la distancia de dispersión entre hembras y machos no fue significativa. La distancia de dispersión y supervivencia del primer año fueron subestimadas cuando se utilizaron los datos colectados en la sub-área de estudio de menor tamaño. La presencia de conespecíficos puede representar un factor clave en el proceso de asentamiento. Setenta y ocho por ciento de los dispersores se asentaron en territorios que habían estado ocupados por parejas o lechuzas no emparejadas el año anterior, el 16% en territorios no ocupados próximos a sitios ocupados, y el 6% se asentó en sitios con ocupación desconocida. Ninguna lechuza se asentó en sitios desocupados que no estuvieran adyacentes a un sitio ocupado.

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Kelly, Elizabeth G., Eric D. Forsman i Robert G. Anthony. "Are Barred Owls Displacing Spotted Owls?" Condor 105, nr 1 (1.02.2003): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.1.45.

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Abstract Barred Owls (Strix varia) have expanded their range into the Pacific Northwest, and anecdotal evidence suggests that they may be displacing the federally threatened Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Our objectives were to describe the current status of Barred Owls in Oregon and compare occupancy of Spotted Owls in historic Spotted Owl territories before and after Barred Owls were first detected in those territories. Between 1974 and 1998, we estimated that 706 different Barred Owl territories were located in Oregon. From 1989–1998 an average of 60 new Barred Owl territories were located in Oregon each year. In Spotted Owl demographic study areas in Oregon and Washington, Barred Owl detections increased at Spotted Owl territories from 1987–1999. Occupancy of Spotted Owl territories declined after Barred Owls were detected within 0.80 km of the territory center. When Barred Owls were detected 0.81–2.40 km from Spotted Owl territory centers, occupancy of Spotted Owls was only marginally less than at territories without Barred Owls. This suggests that the frequency and intensity of interactions between the two species is negatively associated with distance between them. Our results suggest that land managers and regulatory agencies should regard Barred Owls as a threat to Spotted Owls, particularly if Barred Owls continue to increase in number as they have during the past 25 years. ¿Está Strix varia Desplazando a Strix occidentalis caurina? Resumen. Desde su expansión hacia el Pacífico Noroeste, existe evidencia anecdótica de que Strix varia podría estar desplazando a S. occidentalis caurina. Nuestros objetivos fueron describir el estatus actual de S. varia en Oregon y comparar la ocurrencia de S. occidentalis caurina en sus territorios históricos antes y después de que S. varia se detectó por primera vez en dichos territorios. Entre 1974 y 1998, estimamos que se confirmaron 706 territorios diferentes de S. varia en Oregon. Entre 1989 y 1998, se localizaron en promedio 60 nuevos territorios de S. varia anualmente. En áreas con estudios demográficos de S. occidentalis caurina en Oregon y Washington, las detecciones de S. varia en territorios de S. occidentalis caurina se incrementaron entre 1987 y 1999. En comparación con territorios sin S. varia, la ocupación de territorios de S. occidentalis caurina disminuyó luego de que se detectaron individuos de S. varia a menos de 0.80 km del centro del territorio. Cuando se detectaron individuos de S. varia entre 0.81 y 2.40 km del centro de los territorios, la ocupación de éstos fue sólo marginalmente menor que en territorios sin S. varia. Esto sugiere que la frecuencia e intensidad de la interacción entre las dos especies está asociada con la distancia entre ellas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las autoridades ambientales y de regulación deben considerar a S. varia como una amenaza para S. occidentalis caurina, particularmente si los números de S. varia se siguen incrementando como en los últimos 25 años.

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Tsaryk, Petro, Lyubomir Tsaryk, Ihor Kuzyk i Volodymyr Tsaryk. "PROSPECTIVE MODELS OF THE CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL NETWORK OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF CHORTKIV DISTRICT". SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 54, nr 1 (11.07.2023): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.1.28.

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In the publication, the main attention is drawn to the improvement of the functional and spatial structure of the protected and ecological networks of the administrative district (AR). The problem of the degree of conservation of territories became especially relevant after the implementation of the decentralization reform, because in some administrative districts and territorial communities the level of conservation is 0.5-5%, while the average district indicator is 13.98%. It was established that protected areas in the Chortkiv administrative district are represented by 10 of the 11 protected categories available in Ukraine. The situation with local fragments of eco-networks and basic protected objects is the most problematic. The degree of protection at the level of territorial communities in 72.7% does not meet the established nature protection norms (more than 10%). The eco-network concept was implemented in Ukraine at the national and regional levels in the period from 2000 to 2015. Despite the expiration of the Law of Ukraine "On the Statewide Program for the Formation and Development of the National Ecological Network for the Period 2000-2015", a number of tasks at the level of new administrative districts and territorial communities remained unresolved within the framework of the program. Precisely those levels at which the basic elements of eco-networks receive their metric reflection and the eco-network system is filled with concrete content. With these elements, it is possible to carry out renaturalization measures, set aside the width of nature protection zones within river Eco corridors, restore the connection between the constituent parts of key territories, establish configurations and fix the boundaries of protective territories on the terrain, etc. Therefore, it can be assumed that instead of office modeling of national and regional eco-network schemes, the stage of substantiation and selection on the ground (visual modeling) begins. At the same time, it is necessary to include not only areas of natural vegetation in the composition of elements of eco-network models, but also the configuration of numerous promising territories and objects proposed for creation by local specialists in nature protection, environmental activists of territorial communities. The proposed small-scale promising nature reserves and natural monuments (98 positions) will allow to increase the protection of territorial communities, and from the positions of their role in the eco-network of AR will form a new configuration of connecting and protective territories (submeridional direction) such as: Zolotolipsk regional, Baryeka local, Koropetsk local, Strip regional, Dzhuryn local, Seret regional, Nichlav local, Zbrut regional, Dniester national sub-latitudinal connecting territory, Tovtrova regional (sub-latitudinal), New key and connecting territories within landscape areas have been identified, promising protected objects, elements of eco-networks of local importance have been identified. At the same time, the prospect of creating protected areas with an area of more than 100 hectares (Table 2) within six territorial communities will provide an opportunity to design key territories at the regional and local levels. The indicators of existing and prospective protected areas of territorial communities, administrative districts were calculated, taking into account the creation of prospective protected areas and objects (98 units). The most significant changes in the basic elements of regional networks will take place within the connecting territories of the regional and local levels, territorial communities. An integrated map scheme-model of protected and ecological networks with promising protected objects, new local key and connecting territories has been created, which will contribute to the introduction of a territorially differentiated approach to the optimal landscape and ecological organization of the territory. The eco-network of the Chortkiv administrative district represents the rank of a subsystem of the regional eco-network of the Ternopil region. Its basic structural elements are: 2 key territories of national rank (Medoborska and Zalishchytska), 5 key territories of regional rank (Yablunivska, "Dacha Galileya", Shuparska, promising Baryska, Skala-Podilska, Borschivska, Koropetska, Serednyoseretska) and local rank (Nad Dzhurynom, Chahor, Moklekiv, "Forest Mordova"). The connecting national territory is Dnistrovsk, regional ones (Tovtrova, Zbrutska, Seretska, Stripska, Zolotolypska). Local connecting territories will be (Bpriska, Dzhurynska, Nichlavska, Seretsko-Zbruska). In connection with the creation and prospect of creation of new protected territories and objects, there will be a change in the configuration of mainly capital and protective territories, as well as the filling of protected objects in territorial communities (Koropetska, Zolotopoticska, Zalishchytska, Chortkivska, Husyatynska). The formation of updated models of protected and ecological networks of the administrative district will contribute to the optimization of the landscape and ecological organization of the territory. Key words: protected network, econetwork, administrative district, territorial community.

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Cattivelli, Valentina. "Delimiting Rural Areas: Evidence from the Application of Different Methods Elaborated by Italian Scholars". Land 11, nr 10 (28.09.2022): 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101674.

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The present text illustrates the methods developed by Italian scholars to delimit rural areas in the period 2005–2020 and compares the relative territorial representations graphically and quantitatively. In that period, Italian scholars experimented with several methods to delimit territories because they are pressed by the desire to find the one that best described the territories, i.e., was both locally relevant and internationally comparable. This pressure originates from the need to map intermediate territories and redesign urban–rural extremes. In addition, it depends on the need to efficiently allocate national and European funds and circumscribe the corresponding program areas. Finally, it is also strongly related to the desire to internationally compare the economic, social, and environmental performance of homogeneous and permanently delimited territories. The text describes the key features of the methods they developed, such as adopted statistical technique and the spatial unit, the processed variables, and the territorial typologies. The results reveal that municipalities and provinces are preferred as spatial units, while economic and demographic indicators are the most used and elaborated through both relatively simple and articulated statistical techniques. The resulting territorial representations show different degrees of ruralization. While some methods design a mostly weakly urban and rural Italy, others completely ignore rural territories. Where they delimit them, the percentage of the population living in each territorial typology varies a lot. No scholars have either applied the methods at an international level or replicated them in other studies.

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Wilson, Gary N. "Like the Sound of a Drum: Aboriginal Cultural Politics in Denendeh and Nunavut". Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, nr 3 (wrzesień 2007): 783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070928.

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Like the Sound of a Drum: Aboriginal Cultural Politics in Denendeh and Nunavut, Peter Kulchyski, Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2005, pp. xi, 305.Much of the existing literature on politics in the Northwest Territories (Denendeh) and Nunavut focuses on the dynamics of political, economic and social change at the territorial level of government. This is especially true if one considers the case of Nunavut. In recent years, a number of books and articles have deepened our understanding of territorial politics and the evolving relationship between the territories and other levels of government in Canada. Very few studies, however, have examined political developments in the territories from the perspective of community politics. Like the Sound of a Drum: Aboriginal Cultural Politics in Denendeh and Nunavut, by Peter Kulchyski, makes an important contribution to this growing literature by exploring grassroots local politics in several communities in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

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Sava, Andriy, i Olha Dovgan. "Conceptual approaches to forming a model of sustainable rural development". Economic discourse, nr 2 (czerwiec 2019): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-2-4.

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Introduction. The establishment of rural territories at all levels of government requires a fuller disclosure of the sectoral and economic, innovation and technological, social and environmental features of their development. One of the challenges to achieving these goals is the functioning of rural territories in the context of the implementation of the decentralization mechanism of power. Their functionality clearly depends on the hierarchy of governance at national, regional, district and base levels, and the definition of consistent actions as a coherent system. Methods. The following methods are used to achieve this goal, a dialectical method of knowledge of the effects of economic laws, a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena, as well as a number of other methods were used: theoretical generalization, system analysis and synthesis; logical-historical method; institutional approach; abstraction and formalization. The methodological basis of the study was the theoretical development of domestic and foreign scientists on the social and economic development of rural territories, the functioning of territorial communities and the mechanism of their management. Results. The directions of balanced development of economic, social and ecological basis of rural territories under conditions of decentralization of management are substantiated in the article. The conceptual model of balanced development of rural territories and its system of regulation based on the principles of human-centrism is proposed. The list of measures and levers of organizational and economic mechanism of functioning of rural territories in conditions of balanced development is also determined. Discussion. Prospective directions of further research are the study of methodological, organizational and economic principles and principles of formation of priority directions of social and economic functioning of territorial communities and implementation of the strategy of balanced development of rural territories in conditions of deregulation of management. Keywords: concept, model management, sustainable development, rural areas, territorial community.

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Klyuka, Olena Mykolayivna, Volodymyr Serhiiovych Bakhariev, Nadiia Pavlivna Halchenko, Inna Mykolayivna Shelkovska i Maksym Andriiovych Vasyliev. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY". Collection of Scientific Works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, nr 208 (28.06.2024): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.208.2024.308224.

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The presented article presents the results of the conducted theoretical and experimental research, considers current issues, and analyzes the legal aspects of the complex planning of the spatial development of the territories of territorial communities.Comprehensive spatial planning of the territories of territorial communities must be considered as a set of actions regarding the determination of areas for resettlement, places of employment, recreation and rehabilitation of the population, engineering and transport infrastructure through the development and further approval of documentation on spatial planning and compliance with its decisions in the long term. The comprehensive plan for the spatial development of the territory of the territorial community, which is both documentation with land management and urban planning documentation at the local level, is basically aimed at solving urban planning needs, but it only partially solves the issue of spatial development of land use.Spatial planning of community territories lays a solid foundation for the integration of urban planning and land management design solutions and at the same time creates challenges related to the need to create conditions for the relationship between management objects in both branches, information system structures, scope of works, integration of documentation.One of the most important strategic directions of integrated spatial planning of the territories of territorial communities is the development of ecologically safe, rational land use, as well as the introduction of functional territories of land use development, the formation of land use resistance to excessive anthropogenic influence during the implementation of agricultural activities aimed at greening and capitalization of land use, regulation of boundaries between urban and rural areas. According to the results of the research, a method of creating a model of the actual use of the land of the conditional territorial community of the comprehensive spatial development plan of the territory of the territorial community is proposed.

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Adamenko, Ya S., L. M. Arkhypova i O. M. Mandryk. "Territorial Normative of Quality of Hydroecosystems of Protected Territories". Hydrobiological Journal 53, nr 2 (2017): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v53.i2.50.

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Offen, Karl H. "The Territorial Turn: Making Black Territories in Pacific Colombia". Journal of Latin American Geography 2, nr 1 (2003): 43–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2004.0010.

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Sykes, Olivier, i David Shaw. "Investigating Territorial Positioning by Sub-state Territories in Europe". Regional & Federal Studies 18, nr 1 (luty 2008): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13597560701847977.

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Baklanov, P. Ya. "Directions for increasing the practical impact of economic and geographical researches". Regional nye issledovaniya 73, nr 3 (2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2021-3-5.

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In the conditions of a market economy and private investments, the forms of regional development and governance are changing significantly. However, the processes of territorial division of labor and territorial-production complex formation, economic regional formation remain there. It is necessary to study their new forms and mechanisms. The author highlights the following directions of the socio- economic-geographical researches focused on practical use, namely: the study of the structure and dynamics of territorial socio-economic systems as a portion of integral geosystems; development of methods for multilevel assessment of the inclusion (exclusion) of certain social and economic components in the structures of such systems; development of regional programs and relevant geographic information systems for sustainable development; development of the theory and methods of territorial organization, covering the population, economy and natural-technogenic territorial structures, assessment of a territory’s potential, monitoring of regional development. The spatial development of different-level territories is considered as an important area of economic and geographical research aimed at obtaining of applied results. At the same time, the following geographical factors should be covered and assessed namely: geographical location, including economic and geographical one, territorial combinations of natural conditions and resources, existing territorial patterns of the economy and population., There is always a combination of geographic factors within certain territories which determines many of the features and properties of spatial patterns and spatial development. Their quantitative measurement and comparison makes it possible to obtain estimates of the potential of a territory, which are of great practical importance.

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Veprikova, E. B., i A. A. Kislenok. "Approaches to the definition of territorial backwardness in the regional development management". POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 93, nr 4 (2020): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2020-93-4-60-73.

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Reducing the level of interregional differentiation is one of the problems in spatial development management according to the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. Presence of significant regional imbalances hampers formation of a common economic, social, cultural, and institutional space and lead to a creation of backward territories which lag behind in the development. The focus of public policy measures on the centers of economic growth, with the concentration of financial and labor resources, without solving the problems of backward territories does not bring the expected effect – overall development and well-being. Local effects in the absence of positive changes in other territories result in the increase in imbalances, which limit the overall effectiveness of the public policy. At the same time, a steadily increasing lag may cause a loss of potential of economic growth and thus forms backward territories. The creation of territorial backwardness is a gradual process. Therefore, diagnosing the state of the territory and identifying the signs of increasing depression is an essential issue of public administration. The article presents the main approaches to the definition of territorial backwardness used in the Russia and overseas, it also reviews the determinants of backward territories. Different methods for identification of backwardness in the territorial development have been tested on the basis of the regions of the Russian Far East.

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