Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Territorial”

Puesto que las realidades geográficas y socioculturales no tenían una regulación pertinente, la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente estableció en la Constitución de Colombia las bases para que nacieran a la vida jurídica las regiones, las provincias y los territorios indígenas; legando su desarrollo al nivel legal. Esto ha sido abordado recientemente, tanto con las leyes 1454 de 2011 y 1962 de 2019, en las que el parlamento ha establecido las condiciones para el surgimiento de las regiones, así como con la expedición de diferentes decretos-leyes, con los que se ha apostado por el funcionamiento de los territorios aborígenes. Todo lo cual abre un abanico de interrogantes, dentro de los cuales resulta de trascendental importancia determinar si existe algún viso que sugiera la supresión de la actual división administrativa departamental; y en general, establecer si con ello se avanza en materia de descentralización territorial. La presente investigación pretende aportar algunas luces al respecto.
Given that socio-cultural and geographical realities did not have relevant regulation, the Constituent Assembly laid down in the Constitution of Colombia the basis for the birth of regions, provinces and indigenous territories into legal life; bequeathing the development of such a matter at the legal level. This has been addressed in recent years, both with laws 1454 of 2011 and 1962 of 2019, in which parliament has established the conditions for the emergence of the regions, as well as with the enactment of different decrees-laws, with which it has opted for the functioning of the Aboriginal territories. All of which opens up a range of questions, within which it is of momentous importance to determine if the abolition of the current departmental administrative is intended, and in general to establish whether steps are taken for further decentralization. With the present study we try to provide some lights about that.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
El siguiente trabajo aborda los conflictos que se generan a raíz de la necesidad de distribuir el territorio y resolver los problemas asociados a la creciente competencia y conflictividad entre los diversos usos del suelo. Así, realiza una revisión de la noción de ordenamiento territorial y de los instrumentos generales de ordenamiento territorial en Chile, en su relación con el medioambiente, abordando temáticas como la conexión entre el territorio y la sociedad, el derecho a la ciudad y la participación ciudadana

Depuis les années 1970, un processus de désindustrialisation est à l’œuvre dans l’ensemble des pays industrialisés. Ce processus provient en partie de l’exacerbation de la concurrence internationale mais aussi de mutations structurelles. L’industrie continue de désigner l’ensemble des activités qui concourent à la production de biens matériels. Ses emplois et ses fonctions évoluent cependant, entrainant de profondes divergences territoriales. Dans ce contexte, les territoires de tradition industrielle seraient fragilisés. Face à leur probable déclin, de multiples pistes de redéveloppement s’appuyant sur des leviers culturels, patrimoniaux, touristiques ou encore résidentiels sont mises en évidence. Leurs capacités productives futures ne sont paradoxalement que rarement interrogées. Cette thèse pose la question d’un avenir productif pour ces territoires, en France, en particulier lorsqu’ils se situent hors de grandes aires urbaines. En admettant que les origines du changement territorial peuvent être aussi bien exogènes qu’endogènes et que les territoires sont majoritairement dépendants de leur passé, cette thèse propose une analyse tenant compte des trajectoires locales au cours des cinquante dernières années. Cette recherche s’appuie sur une méthodologie mixte combinant des éléments quantitatifs, à l’échelle de l’ensemble des bassins industriels français, et qualitatifs à partir de trois cas d’étude : le Bocage Bressuirais, Romans-sur-Isère et Annonay. Elle invite à prendre en compte la diversité des territoires et à reconsidérer leur fragilité économique et sociodémographique d’ensemble. Ce faisant, elle montre qu’un renouvellement productif y est possible et détaille les multiples trajectoires empruntables face à l’apparition de nouveaux enjeux numériques, de durabilité ou encore, liés à l’innovation sociale
Since the 1970s, a process of deindustrialisation has taken place in all industrialized countries. This process comes partly from the exacerbation of international competition but also from structural changes. The industry continues to designate all activities that contribute to the production of material goods. Its jobs and functions evolve, however, leading to deep territorial divergences.In this context, the traditionally industrial territories are said to be weakened. Faced with their probable decline, multiple avenues of redevelopment are highlighted, based on cultural, heritage, tourism or residential levers. Paradoxically, their future productive capacities are rarely questioned. This thesis raises the question of a productive future for these territories, in France, especially when they are located outside large urban areas.Assuming that the origins of territorial change can be both exogenous and endogenous, and that territories are largely dependent on their past, this thesis proposes an analysis that takes into account local trajectories over the last fifty years. This research is based on a mixed methodology combining quantitative elements, at the scale of all French industrial living areas, and qualitative from three case studies: Bocage Bressuirais, Romans-sur-Isère and Annonay. This thesis invites us to take into account the diversity of territories and to reconsider their overall economic and sociodemographic fragility. In doing so, it shows that a productive renewal is possible. The thesis finally details the multiple paths that can be borrowed face to the emergence of new challenges like digital, sustainability and social innovation

Cette thèse pose la question de la territorialisation de l'action publique avec pour champ d'application la culture. Il s'agit de déterminer dans quelle mesure le management stratégique du portefeuille territorial d'évènements culturels participe au management de la proximité territoriale et, par extension, à l'attractivité durable du territoire. Il s'agit dans un premier temps de rappeler les enjeux territoriaux d'un management de la proximité. L'un des concepts centraux mobilisés ici est le management territorial stratégique, entendu comme le nouveau paradigme de l'action publique locale. L'approche par les dynamiques de proximité est ensuite proposée comme grille de lecture du territoire, l'activation des potentiels de proximité permettant un renforcement de l'attractivité territoriale (Chapitre 1). Reste que l'action culturelle peut prendre des formes variées. Or, nous avons pu constater un déplacement de la politique culturelle française, anciennement fondée sur le développement d'équipements relais pour mailler le territoire et favoriser la démocratisation culturelle, et aujourd'hui soumise à un phénomène de « festivalisation ». Si l'évènement apparaît comme une forme moderne d'action culturelle, l'essoufflement constaté sur certains territoires et la mise en concurrence accrue des « destinations évènementielles », invitent à replacer l'analyse de l'évènement culturel dans une approche stratégique fonctionnelle et dynamique du portefeuille territorial d'évènements culturels. Il s'agit alors de s'interroger sur les différentes fonctions attribuées aux évènements et ce au regard d'une logique stratégique territoriale (Chapitre 2)
This work is a theoretical and methodological analysis of the public action territorialisation in the cultural field. We want to determine to which extent the strategic management of a territorial events portfolio takes part in the reinforcement of territorial proximity, and, by extension, in the sustainable attractiveness of this territory. First, we recall the territorial issues of a strategic management thought in the way of territorial proximity. One of the central concepts mobilized in this reflection is the territorial strategic management. It is understood as the new paradigm of the local public action. The “dynamics of proximity” approach is then proposed as an analytic framework of the local governance system. The activation of the potentials of proximity make a strengthening of territorial attractiveness possible (Chapter 1). Moreover, the cultural action can take many forms. However, we have seen a shift in French cultural policy. Formerly based on the development of equipment used to cover the territory and promote the democratization of culture, it is now subject to a phenomenon of “festivalization”. If the event is seen as a modern form of cultural action, the possible running out of steam as the development of a real competition on the “event destinations” marketplace invite us to place the analysis of the cultural event in a functional and dynamic approach of the territorial events portfolio. The aim is thus to consider the various functions assigned to the different events under a territorial strategic logic (Chapter 2)

This dissertation is about territorial stigmatisation and public housing in Sydney, Australia. It draws on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork, much of which was spent working with a resident action group who were contesting the redevelopment of the Waterloo estate, in the city’s inner-south. While public housing in Australia has always been a marginal form of tenure and has been further marginalised and stigmatised in the era of neoliberalisation, the stigmatisation of Waterloo is especially intense. The Waterloo estate is the largest in the country and is located in a gentrifying neighbourhood. The stigma of public housing is also conjugated with the stigma of the Aboriginal community: throughout the 20th century, the neighbourhood of Redfern-Waterloo was home to a large and politically active community of Aboriginal people from across NSW and Australia, particularly during the self-determination movement of the 1960s and 70s. Through interviews and ethnography with tenants and community workers, interviews with public servants and other housing professionals, and discourse analysis of a range of media and policy texts over the 10 years to 2019, I unpack (i) how the territorial stigmatisation of public housing is produced; (ii) how it was deployed and articulated through the redevelopment of the Waterloo estate; and (iii) how tenants contested and resisted the redevelopment, and the stigmatisation that undergirded it, through what I call territorial struggles. I fuse concepts of territory from political geography with the prevailing urban sociological/geographical approach to territorial stigmatisation to argue for the centrality of territory to understanding the production and contestation of territorial stigmatisation. Territory is both the space controlled from above through politico-institutional practices and representations and space that is appropriated physically and symbolically from below through everyday and organised means. Thus, as I explicate through my case study, territorial stigma is not thrust upon its subjects without some form of resistance: inhabitants of stigmatised territories like Redfern-Waterloo engage in territorial struggles over both symbolic classification and physical control.

“Territorio Mapuche Lleulleuche: Naturaleza Territorial y conflicto con el Estado chileno” es un trabajo que intenta decodificar el conflicto territorial chileno mapuche desde una óptica geográfica. Para ello, profundiza en el sentido del concepto de territorio y propone una mirada particular desde la Geografía y el posmodernismo, a fin de lograr un entendimiento de las naturalezas territoriales presentes en el espacio. De tal manera, este trabajo se apoya en los discursos territoriales del pueblo mapuche Lleulleuche y elabora una etno-cartografía, traduciendo de esta forma, el lenguaje discursivo y de la praxis cultural de los habitantes de Lleu-Lleu a un lenguaje cartográfico convencional.

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux transformations et modalités de mise en œuvre de l’ingénierie territoriale. Elle se propose de l’analyser à travers l’émergence d’un nouvel instrument, l’observatoire territorial. Elle pose comme hypothèse que les compétences des professionnels du développement territorial sont déterminantes dans l’efficacité de cette ingénierie et qu’en retour, la structuration de celle-ci influe fortement sur l’évolution de ces compétences. Nous nous intéressons à la conception et aux usages d’observatoires sur les Pyrénées en mobilisant l’entretien auprès des acteurs de ces projets et à travers une position d’observation participante au sein d’une structure d’expertise territoriale.Les projets d’observatoire révèlent un enjeu de construction de compétences collectives dans l’ingénierie territoriale, indispensables pour ancrer l’expertise dans le territoire. Cet enjeu se déploie à différents niveaux : entre agents d’une même structure et entre agents de différentes structures. Ces niveaux font apparaître des médiateurs favorisant l’émergence et la consolidation des compétences collectives. Ces processus entraînent des transformations des compétences individuelles des professionnels ainsi qu’un métissage de celles-ci, aboutissant à l’émergence de profils professionnels hybrides. Par rapport aux compétences mobilisées dans des projets de développement territorial, celles nécessaires au projet d’observatoire territorial sont marquées par un besoin plus fort de stratégie, tout en faisant appel à des compétences techniques spécialisées. L’approche géographique de la compétence comme ressource de la construction territoriale est une avancée majeure de cette thèse
This thesis is concerned with transformations and the different means for implementing territorial engineering. Its aim is to analyse territorial engineering through the emergence of a new instrument, the territorial observatory. It advances the hypothesis that the skills of territorial development professionals play a key role in the effectiveness of this engineering, whereas the way it is structured highly influences the evolution of these skills. We focus on the design and uses of observatories in the Pyrenees Mountains through interviews with the actors who participate in these projects, as well as from the viewpoint of a participating observer within a territorial expertise structure. Observatory projects illustrate the challenge involved in the construction of collective skills for territorial engineering, essential for integrating expertise into the territorial framework. This challenge exists at different levels : between representatives of the same structure and between representatives of different structures. These levels give rise to mediators who encourage the emergence and the consolidation of collective skills. These processes lead to transformations in the individual skills of professionals as well as a crossover between them, thus resulting in the emergence of hybrid professional profiles. In relationship to the overall skills mobilised in territorial development projects, those necessary for territorial observatory projects can be distinguished by a greater need for strategy, while requiring specialised technical skills. The geographic approach to skills as a resource for territorial construction is a major contribution of this thesis

Prospecter, attirer, localiser et ancrer sur un territoire des projets d'investissements directs étrangers (IDE) est désormais un enjeu fort pour les responsables économiques et politiques. Les acteurs du management public (techniciens, élus, citoyens) s'interrogent alors sur le type de management et d'intelligence économique territoriale à mettre en œuvre en vue de faciliter l'ancrage de ces projets. La littérature sur ce sujet est riche de recherches sur les facteurs d'attractivité et les déterminants de la localisation mais a très peu été abordée sous l'angle des sciences de gestion. Afin de comprendre les raisons du succès ou de l'échec de l'implantation de tels projets, il est alors pertinent d'interroger le processus du management public territorial dans l'objectif de comprendre ce qui sous-tend la mise en œuvre et l'ancrage d'un projet d'IDE durant son cycle de vie. A partir d'études de cas qualitatives, nous étudions les liens entre le processus d'implantation d'un projet d'IDE et son inscription dans l'écosystème territorial pour i. un projet chinois en France dans le secteur des télécommunications et ii. un projet sud-coréen au Brésil dans le secteur des semi-conducteurs. Sur la base d'une étude initiale historique produite à l'aide de sources publiques primaires et secondaires ainsi que des entretiens de confirmation avec des parties prenantes impliquées, nous proposons des analyses secondaires au prisme de la sociologie de la traduction associée au cadre strategy as practice. En remettant en cause une vision classiquement linéaire du cycle de vie du projet et en identifiant les événements et pratiques managériales clés, nous comprenons ainsi mieux le processus et la manière dont les territoires font preuve, ou non, d'agilité stratégique. Les relations entre universités, entreprises et gouvernement sont aussi analysées en termes de soutien à l'attractivité territoriale. Considérer l'attraction des projets d'IDE du point de vue de collaborations fournit ainsi de nouvelles preuves empiriques et explications du phénomène. Nous pouvons alors proposer les implications managériales suivantes : i. l'utilisation d'une stratégie de triple hélice est un facteur attractif pour la localisation d'un investissement exogène, ii. l'université entrepreneuriale est un facteur attractif lors de la localisation d'un investissement exogène et iii. les politiques publiques contemporaines doivent être impliquées dans des réseaux complexes avec la communauté pour réussir à localiser et à ancrer un investissement exogène
Prospecting, attracting, locating and anchoring foreign direct investment (FDI) projects in a country is now a major challenge for economic and political leaders. Public management actors (technicians, elected officials, citizens) then question themselves on the type of management and territorial economic intelligence to be implemented in order to facilitate the anchoring of these projects. The literature on this subject is rich in research on attractiveness factors and the determinants of location but has been very little addressed from the perspective of management sciences. In order to understand the reasons for the success or failure of the implementation of such projects, it is then relevant to question the process of territorial public management in order to understand what underlies the implementation and anchoring of an FDI project during its life cycle. Based on qualitative case studies, we study the links between the process of implementing an FDI project and its inclusion in the territorial ecosystem for i. a Chinese project in France in the telecommunications sector and ii. a South Korean project in Brazil in the semi-conductor sector. On the basis of an initial historical study produced using primary and secondary public sources as well as confirmatory interviews with involved stakeholders, we propose secondary analyses from the perspective of translation sociology associated with the "strategy as practice" framework. By challenging a traditionally linear view of the project life cycle and identifying key managerial events and practices, we better understand the process and how territories demonstrate, or not, strategic agility. Relations between universities, companies and government are also analysed in terms of supporting territorial attractiveness. Considering the attractiveness of FDI projects from a collaborative perspective thus provides new empirical evidence and explanations of the phenomenon. We can then propose the following managerial implications: i. the use of a triple helix strategy is an attractive factor for the location of an exogenous investment, ii. the entrepreneurial university is an attractive factor when locating an exogenous investment and iii. contemporary public policies must be involved in complex networks with the community to successfully locate and anchor an exogenous investment

O presente trabalho está subordinado ao tema: “O atendimento ao público nos Destacamentos Territoriais do Comando Territorial de Braga” e que visa esclarecer quais os fatores que contribuem para prestação de um atendimento ao público de qualidade. O atendimento ao público de qualidade é fundamental para a fomentação de uma boa imagem da GNR na sociedade. Para atingir esse nível de qualidade é necessário que as instalações da GNR e a predisposição dos militares sejam propícias para a prestação deste serviço. No seguimento do presente estudo enunciaram-se hipóteses e questões de investigação que procuraram dar resposta à questão central levantada “Qual a perceção dos militares relativamente ao serviço de atendimento ao público nos Destacamentos Territoriais do Comando Territorial de Braga?”. De modo a realizar o estudo em questão, efetuou-se uma exaustiva pesquisa bibliográfica, que serviu de alicerce para realizar o trabalho de campo, em que se verificou quais as condições das salas de atendimento ao público, qual a perceção que os militares têm do serviço de atendimento e qual o índice motivacional para o desempenho da tarefa de atendimento ao público nos Postos Territoriais do Comando Territorial de Braga. Os resultados posteriores foram alcançados através da observação direta dos militares de atendimento, da aplicação de um questionário aos militares que efetuam atendimento ao público nos Postos Territoriais do Comando Territorial de Braga e entrevistas semiestruturadas ao oficial Comandante da Unidade e aos oficiais Comandantes dos Destacamentos Territoriais. Em síntese conclui-se que o atendimento ao público é de grande importância para o fomento da boa imagem da GNR na população e que de acordo com a perceção dos militares que efetuam atendimento nos Postos Territoriais do Comando Territorial de Braga consideram que este tem as condições necessárias para prestar um atendimento com dignidade ao cidadão, sendo que a questão da garantia da privacidade na hora do atendimento e as condições de acessibilidade a pessoas com deficiência são questões que carecem de melhoria.
Abstract The present work is subordinated to the theme: "The public service in the detachments of the Territorial Command of Braga" which aims to clarify which factors contribute to providing a quality service to the public. A good public service is critical to fostering a good image of the GNR in society. To achieve this level of quality it is necessary that the facilities of the GNR and the willingness of the military personal are conducive to providing this service. Following the present study some hypotheses and research questions were enunciated in order to answer the central raised question: "What is the real perception of the military personal relatively to the public service in the detachments of the Territorial Command of Braga?". In order to conduct the present study, we performed an exhaustive bibliographic research, which has served as the foundation to carry out the fieldwork, where we found out what are the conditions of the service rooms to the public, which is the perception that the military personal has regarding the public service, and, finally, which is the index of motivation of the military personal, when performing the task of serving the public in the Territorial Command of Braga. The results were later obtained not only by direct observation of the military service, but also by the application of a questionnaire, on the military personal performing public service at the Territorial Command of Braga, and by semi-structured interviews to the officer Unit ‘s Commandant and to the officers Territorial Commanders of detachments. In summary it is concluded that the public service is of great importance for promoting the good image of the GNR in the population and, according to the perception of the military personal, who perform this service in the Territorial Command at Braga stations, they consider this to have the necessary conditions to provide a service to citizens with dignity. With regard to the question of ensuring privacy in attendance and the conditions of service and accessibility for people with disabilities are issues that need improvement.

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El objetivo de esta investigación fue entender la ordenación del território del Amazonas, via la identificación de las políticas de ordenación del território, la influencia de las políticas ambientales en el ordenamiento e la participación de la sociedad no proceso de ordenamiento territorial do Estado. La custión principal consistia em el aumento de la creación de áreas protegidas sobre la creación de municípios, aunque la iniciativa de crear esta última unidad he ganado aliento en los últimos años de la década de 2000 en el Estado. El análisis es geográfica, con abordagen dialética, trabajamos com las formas de aprehensión de la realidad hecha por diversos actores sociales asociado a la importancia de los aspectos históricos que contribuyeron para configuración atual do Amazonas. Este enfoque permitió vislumbrarmos todo el proceso de ordenamiento territorial, que implica diferentes formas de uso, así como su organización. Para lograr los objetivos de la investigación se llevó a cabo la investigación de la literatura y documental, utilizando de la técnica metodológica “bola de nieve” para realizar las entrevistas. Cuatro áreas fueron seleccionadas para realizar el estúdio para verificar la participación social em la creación de unidades creadas y que se están creando, todos elegidos por la proximidad de Manaus, uma unidad administrativa (municipio) creada y una candidata a emancipación, una unidad de conservación creada y otra en proceso de creación, que son respectivamente, Municipio de Careiro da Várzea, o distrito de Novo Remanso en Itacoatiara, Parque Estatal Rio Negro Setor Sul en Manaus y a Reserva de Desarrollo Sustentaable Saracá Piranga em Silves. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo con moradores de la Vila do Zero e de la ciudad de Careiro da Várzea, de la vila de Novo Remanso y de la comunidad de Bela Vista no Parque Estatal Rio Negro Setor Sul y en la ciudad de Manaus. Nos damos cuenta de que el ordenamiento territorial del Amazonas he tido hasta los finales de la década de 1980 basado en los factores político-económico, con la creación de municípios, y que desde 1990, ganó una nueva dirección com énfasis en la conservación del medio ambiente y de los recursos con la creación de áreas protegidas, especialmente em los últimos años de 2000, entrando en nueva ordem ambiental internacional. Y que la participación social tiene a contribuído con la criación de estos territórios en el Estado.
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi compreender o ordenamento territorial do Amazonas, através da identificação das políticas de ordenamento territorial, a verificação da influencia das políticas ambientais no ordenamento e a investigação da participação da sociedade no processo de ordenamento territorial do Estado. A questão norteadora consistiu em compreender a política de ordenamento territorial do Amazonas com base na criação de municípios e unidades de conservação, a iniciativa de criação desta última unidade aumentou nos últimos anos da década de 2000 no Amazonas. A análise é geográfica, com abordagem dialética. Trabalhamos com formas de apreensão da realidade feita por diversos atores sociais, além da importância do aspecto histórico que contribuíram na configuração espacial atual do Estado do Amazonas. Essa abordagem possibilitou vislumbrarmos a totalidade do processo de ordenamento territorial do Estado, que implica diferentes formas de uso do território, assim como de sua organização. Para o alcance dos objetivos foi realizado a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, e a utilização da técnica metodológica “bola de neve” para realização das entrevistas. Foram escolhidas quatro localidades para realização de estudo, para verificação da participação social na criação das unidades criadas e as serem criada, todas escolhidas pela proximidade com Manaus: uma unidade administrativa (município) criada e uma candidata a emancipação; uma unidade de conservação criada e outra em processo de criação, são elas respectivamente, o Município do Careiro da Várzea, Distrito de Novo Remanso Itacoatiara, o Parque Estadual Rio Negro Setor Sul/Manaus e a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Saracá Piranga em Silves. A entrevistas foram realizadas na Vila do Zero e cidade de Careiro da Várzea, vila de Novo Remanso, Comunidade Bela Vista e na cidade de Manaus. Podemos perceber que o Amazonas teve seu ordenamento territorial até o final da década de 1980, baseado no fator político-econômico, com a criação de municípios, e que a partir de 1990, ganhou novos rumos com ênfase na no ambiente e na conservação dos recursos, com a criação de unidades de conservação, principalmente, nos últimos anos de 2000, inserindo-se em uma nova ordem internacional. E que a passos largos a participação social vem contribuindo para o estabelecimento desses territórios no Estado.

Magíster en Análisis Sistémico Aplicado a la Sociedad
Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
En particular, en esta investigación interesa caracterizar y analizar las transformaciones territoriales en Concepción-Talcahuano desde los años 60` a la actualidad en función de los imaginarios del desarrollo y sus dominios semánticos específicos (ambiental, económico, tecnológico y social), que se desprenden del análisis de los instrumentos gubernamentales de planificación. Lo que implica estudiar un proceso de desarrollo territorial específico apuntando a analizar las posibilidades de construcción territorial conforme a los cambios en las formas discursivas, prácticas e imaginarios. Lo anterior se investigó por medio de los siguientes objetivos específicos; 1.- Identificación y descripción de estrategias y planes de desarrollo implementados en Talcahuano en el periodo de estudio, vinculándolas tanto a las formas de conocimiento como a los procesos globales de desarrollo. 2.- Construcción de una estrategia metodológica que permita capturar los imaginarios del desarrollo territorializados. 3.- Identificar los conceptos y temas asociados al desarrollo y sus dominios específicos que se desprenden de los documentos institucionales en las diferentes épocas históricas. 4.- Caracterización de los dominios semánticos específicos del desarrollo: ambiental, económico, social, tecnológico y administración política del territorio; a objeto de generar las bases para la evidenciación de los imaginarios del desarrollo. 5.- Elucidar los imaginarios del desarrollo que sustentan las políticas de desarrollo a través del análisis de los documentos institucionales. 6.- Descripción de las transformaciones territoriales en función de la comparación entre los imaginarios de las diferentes épocas históricas

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.
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Desenvolvimento de um modelo de Gestão Participativa integrando e interagindo um sistema de atores por meio de suas potencialidades humanas, técnicas e científicas resultando na construção de processos sustentáveis socioeconômicos a ambientais locais e regionais.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a análise do processo de elaboração do primeiro Plano Diretor de Papanduva, pequeno município predominantemente agrícola localizado no planalto norte catarinense, no período compreendido entre fevereiro e outubro de 2006. A emergência das discussões sobre a importância do mundo rural e suas relações com o urbano, a falta de referencial teórico e prático sobre o planejamento territorial rural e os poucos exemplos de experiências de elaboração de Planos Diretores em municípios rurais, motivaram estas reflexões. Durante a revisão teórica ficou claro que o conceito de ruralidade ainda está em construção, ainda há muito pré-conceito e desconhecimento em relação a este mundo e seus potenciais. O Brasil urbano precisa se voltar para o campo, tratando-o de igual para igual, direcionando seu desenvolvimento para o interior. Ao longo do trabalho são apresentados: a realidade do município de Papanduva, a metodologia utilizada no Plano Diretor, uma análise dos resultados para verificar se a metodologia esteve adequada à realidade agrícola do município e finalmente as conclusões, entre elas, a de que não existe uma única metodologia de planejamento territorial aplicável aos municípios rurais. O que pode haver é uma concepção a partir da realidade rural, que é muito diversa e heterogênea, fazendo um contraponto à concepção excessivamente urbano do Estatuto da Cidade. This work had as main objective the analysis of the process of elaboration of the first Master plan of Papanduva, small-located rural municipal district in the plateau north Santa Catarina, in the period understood between February and October of 2006. The emergency of the discussions about the importance of the rural world and their relationships with the urban, the lack of theoretical and practical referential on the rural territorial planning and the few examples of experiences of elaboration of Master plans in rural municipal districts, they motivated these reflections. During the revision theoretical, of course this concept is still in construction, there are still a lot of pré-concept and ignorance in relation to this fantastic world and of so many potentials. Urban Brazil needs to return for the field, treating him of equal for equal, addressing his/her development for the municipal districts of the interior. Along the healthy work presented the municipal district of Papanduva, the methodology used in the Master plan, an analysis of the results to verify the methodology was adapted to the agricultural reality of the municipal district and finally the conclusions, among them, the that a single applicable methodology doesn't exist to the rural municipal districts. The one that can have is a conception starting from the rural reality, that it is very several and variable in the whole national territory, making a counterpoint excessively to the conception urban of the Statute of the City.

Orientador: Maria Teresa Miceli Kerbauy
Banca: Darlene Aparecida de Oliveria Ferreira
Banca: Karina Lilia Pasquariello Mariano
Banca: Rodrigo Constante Martins
Banca: Ana Cristina Braga Marques
Resumo: A abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento assumiu lugar de destaque nas políticas públicas estatais, norteando também ações originadas de distintas organizações da sociedade. O enfoque territorial, influenciado pelas análises relacionadas aos distritos industriais, destaca-se como uma forma específica de tratar processos e situações delimitados espacialmente. No Brasil, a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Territorial, vinculada ao Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, desde 2003 o adotou estrategicamente por meio do Programa Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Territórios Rurais (Pronat). Em 2008 ocorreu a implantação do Programa Territórios da Cidadania, desdobramento do Pronat e política de desenvolvimento rural direcionada à dinamização de territórios deprimidos, constituídos por pequenos municípios e que compreendem áreas e atividades rurais e urbanas, superando a ênfase setorial do mundo rural. A análise dos pressupostos subjacentes à adoção dessa estratégia nas políticas de desenvolvimento rural no Brasil, realizada por meio do estudo da constituição do Território Integração Norte Pioneiro (PR), indica que a ênfase dessa política recai mais sobre a efetividade da descentralização do que na concretização da gestão social.
Abstract: The territorial approach of development took an important place in the public politics of the State, also guiding the actions originated from different organizations of the society. The territorial focus, influenced by the analysis related to the industrial districts, is highlighted as a specific form to dealing with process and situations spatially delimited. In Brazil, the Secretária de Desenvolvimento Territorial, linked to the Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, since 2003 has adopted it strategically trough the Programa Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Territórios Rurais ( Pronat). In 2008 occurs the implantation of the Programa Territórios da Cidadania, a part of the Pronat and of the rural development politic directed to the dynamization of the depressed territories constituted by small counties that cover rural and urban areas and activities, overcoming the focus on the rural world. The analysis of the assumptions underlying to the adoption of this strategy on the politic of the rural development in Brazil made trough the study of the constitution of the Território Integração Norte Pioeiro (PR), indicates that the focus of this politic falls more on the effectiveness of the decentralization than the concretization of the social management.
Doutor

The main focus of the research is on the concept of territorial competitiveness (TC). In TC literature, territory is assumed either as a set of locations that can be sold in a sort of market or as a set of assets that can influence firms' competitiveness. In both case, TC concept cannot be addressed without an explicit theorisation of the economic importance of territory. The aim of this thesis, on a theoretical level, is to use autopoietic system theory as a framework for conceptualising the territory-economy linkage introducing the concept of Territorial Productive Systems (TPS). TPS can be defined as a set of components (mainly firms, but also public administration, research centres, universities, employers' and employees' associations, training centres etc.) systemically linked by relationships founded on territorial proximity, that is both organisational and physical proximity. What makes the TPS different from other geographical and economic objects - like industrial districts, clusters, mere agglomerations - is its explicit systemic construction, focusing on the differentiation between organisation (the basic set of processes that define the distinctiveness of a given TPS) and structure (the set of contingent characters). In the second part of the dissertation, the TPS is applied to analyse Turin's economic and productive transformation. Though traditionally identified as one of the main cases for Fordist organisation in Europe, Turin has always escaped the traditional features of the one-company-town. Grounding on literature review, previous studies, and a survey of about 400 face-to-face interviews we will try to describe how Fiat's supply-chain has been changing over the last decades, setting local sub-systems free to follow new development and learning patterns. In particular, we will be claiming that the existence of continuity over time does not imply the existence of a unique development path and a reification of the territory, but rather the fact that continuity can cope with variety and change in an evolutionary perspective.

In the recent history of the Brazilian Territorial Politics, we can observe the option for the elaboration and implementation of Politics for Territorial Arrangement, in a national level, which contemplates the contemporary management methodologies. This means, the decentralization and consequent social participation as also the articulation of actions between the different government instances, together with the idea of sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion regarding the national politics of Territorial Arrangement through the case of Brazil. The discussion is supported by observations, experiences and studies of the author, based on lectures and primary and secondary analysis, mainly on statistical and cartographical material from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), publications of the Brazilian National Integration Ministry (MIN), books and scientific magazine papers.
En la historia reciente de las políticas territoriales brasileñas se observa la opción por la elaboración e implantación de Políticas de Ordenamiento Territorial a nivel nacional, las cuales contemplan las metodologías de gestión contemporánea, o sea, la descentralización y consecuente participación social como también la articulación de acciones entre las diferentes instancias del gobierno. Asimismo se presenta la idea de sostenibilidad del desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir para la discusión respecto a las políticas nacionales de Ordenamiento Territorial trayendo el caso de Brasil. La discusión es fruto de observaciones, experiencias y estudios de la autora, con lecturas y análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias, sobre todo material estadístico y cartográfico del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE), publicaciones del Ministerio de Integración Nacional de Brasil (MIN), libros y artículos de revistas científicas.

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Este estudo, faz uma análise da competitividade territorial do etanol paulista. A partir de um referencial teórico, procurou-se entender a relação entre competitividade e território, ao considerar que o poder de competir das empresas está atrelado aos elementos presentes no local que estão inseridas, através de seus recursos, organizações, instituições e normas vigentes. O etanol produzido em São Paulo, foi o alvo de estudo que proporcionou estabelecer a ligação entre o fortalecimento competitivo e as bases territoriais. Líder na produção de etanol, as empresas de São Paulo, estão na vanguarda da expansão internacional. Foram selecionadas onze empresas exportadoras, em diferentes localidades do Estado, com o intuito de entender e comparar a participação dos componentes territoriais na construção competitiva desse combustível. Para tanto foi explorado quatro fatores: Governança e Instituições; Inovação e Tecnologia; Infraestrutura Territorial e Aspecto Socioambiental. Apoiado no quadro metodológico de Pecquer e Benko, que aponta quais ativos territoriais podem ser considerados genéricos ou específicos de cada localidade, identificou-se uma competitividade do etanol dinâmica e heterogênea nas sinergias desenvolvidas com as diferentes localidades do território paulista
This study analyzes the territorial competition of ethanol in São Paulo State. Starting from a theoretical reference it was sought to understand the relationship between competition and territory when considering that the power to compete of the companies, depends on the elements in the area where they are inserted through its resources, organizations, institutions and norms in force. The ethanol produced in São Paulo State was the aim of this study that provided to establish the connection between the competition invigoration and territorial bases. Leader in ethanol production, the companies in São Paulo are in the vanguard of the international expansion.Eleven exporter enterprises were selected at different areas of the state with the intention of understanding and comparing the participation of the territorial components in the competitive construction of that fuel. For so much, it was explored four factors: Governmental Institutions, Innovation and Technology, Territorial Infrastructure and Aspect Environmental Partner. Leaning in methodological picture of Pecquer and Benko, it showed which territorial asset can be considered generic or specific of each area and it was identified a competition of the dynamic and heterogeneous of the ethanol in the synergies developed in different areas in São Paulo State territories

The ability of the ancient territorial empires to control water management strategies has been proposed but not yet fully explored. Given that most of the evidence is derived from historical information, or from isolated, specific archaeological studies, a detailed map of ancient irrigation in northern Mesopotamia was needed. The present interdisciplinary study used techniques of remote sensing and GIS to generate this map. CORONA images (1960-1972) were used to identify and record known and new water management features, showing the landscape before recent agricultural and urban intensification removed archaeological remains. The results of the image interpretation were validated through DEM analysis; low resolution SRTM and ASTER DEMs were used, as well as a high resolution CORONA DEM, generated through applying photogrammetry techniques to CORONA stereopairs. A sample of the results was also investigated in the field in July 2010. Using multiple techniques to locate and validate data, the large area of northern Mesopotamia could be mapped relatively quickly and inexpensively. The results of the remote sensing analysis showed that water management developed throughout northern Mesopotamia from the Neo-Assyrian to the Early Islamic period. Detailed information about the scale and distribution of whole irrigation systems was obtained. The present study concluded that the Neo-Assyrian Empire had established changes in the landscape that promoted the development of large-scale water management; a significant peak later occurred during the time of the Early Islamic Empire. Conversely, interruptions to water management occurred at times of political instability, (with modern parallels). The powerful later territorial empires were able to impose and encourage the development of water management throughout the formerly marginal rain-fed zone.

Orientador: Elson Luciano Silva Pires
Banca: Manuel B. Rolando Berrios Godoy
Banca: Rudinei Toneto Junior
Resumo: Este estudo, faz uma análise da competitividade territorial do etanol paulista. A partir de um referencial teórico, procurou-se entender a relação entre competitividade e território, ao considerar que o poder de competir das empresas está atrelado aos elementos presentes no local que estão inseridas, através de seus recursos, organizações, instituições e normas vigentes. O etanol produzido em São Paulo, foi o alvo de estudo que proporcionou estabelecer a ligação entre o fortalecimento competitivo e as bases territoriais. Líder na produção de etanol, as empresas de São Paulo, estão na vanguarda da expansão internacional. Foram selecionadas onze empresas exportadoras, em diferentes localidades do Estado, com o intuito de entender e comparar a participação dos componentes territoriais na construção competitiva desse combustível. Para tanto foi explorado quatro fatores: Governança e Instituições; Inovação e Tecnologia; Infraestrutura Territorial e Aspecto Socioambiental. Apoiado no quadro metodológico de Pecquer e Benko, que aponta quais ativos territoriais podem ser considerados genéricos ou específicos de cada localidade, identificou-se uma competitividade do etanol dinâmica e heterogênea nas sinergias desenvolvidas com as diferentes localidades do território paulista
Abstract: This study analyzes the territorial competition of ethanol in São Paulo State. Starting from a theoretical reference it was sought to understand the relationship between competition and territory when considering that the power to compete of the companies, depends on the elements in the area where they are inserted through its resources, organizations, institutions and norms in force. The ethanol produced in São Paulo State was the aim of this study that provided to establish the connection between the competition invigoration and territorial bases. Leader in ethanol production, the companies in São Paulo are in the vanguard of the international expansion.Eleven exporter enterprises were selected at different areas of the state with the intention of understanding and comparing the participation of the territorial components in the competitive construction of that fuel. For so much, it was explored four factors: Governmental Institutions, Innovation and Technology, Territorial Infrastructure and Aspect Environmental Partner. Leaning in methodological picture of Pecquer and Benko, it showed which territorial asset can be considered generic or specific of each area and it was identified a competition of the dynamic and heterogeneous of the ethanol in the synergies developed in different areas in São Paulo State territories
Mestre

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2009.
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O dinamismo físico, social e econômico das cidades implica a necessidade de utilizar ferramentas na gestão territorial planificação e distribuição de recursos que tornem possível ir além dos aspectos técnicos tradicionalmente utilizados. Por permitir o cruzamento estratégico de dados que caracterizam um lugar, o Geomarketing é ferramenta de apoio para promover, simultaneamente, o desenvolvimento local e a melhoria na qualidade de vida dos habitantes. O objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver uma metodologia a partir da teoria de análise do Geomarketing utilizando dados já disponíveis ao gestor a fim de detectar oportunidades e ameaças no ambiente (análise SWOT). Foram cruzados dados físicos, socioculturais e econômicos disponibilizados pelos setores administrativos da cidade de Joinville/SC e do Governo do Estado de Santa Catarina e IBGE, os quais foram manipulados através de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). O processo de análise, constituído de seis etapas, permitiu a elaboração dos mapas temáticos de oportunidade e ameaça do território avaliado.
The social, economic and geographic dynamism of the cities brings with it the need for territorial management tools resource planning and allocation making it possible to reach beyond the traditional technical aspects. By allowing local data cross referencing, the Geomarketing is a support tool to promote, simultaneously, local development and quality of life. The goal of this study is to develop a methodology using Geomarketing theory and data already available to the local government to spot opportunities and threats to the environment (SWOT analysis). The local data was made available by administrative sections of Joinville´s city, Santa Catarina´s State and IBGE, and the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to handle it. The analysis process, divided in 6 steps, yielded drawings of thematic maps for both opportunities and threats of the studied area.

Depuis environ un demi-siècle nous assistons à une intégration du concept du territoire dans l’étude de la problématique du développement économique dans les pays du Sud comme dans les pays du Nord. La nouvelle approche considère le territoire comme un acteur du développement et non uniquement un support de l’activité économique. Elle se base sur le constat que le développement ne peut pas se réaliser qu’au plus près des acteurs territoriaux qui valorisent les ressources (génériques et spécifiques) disponibles sur le territoire par une dynamique technico-économique de production assurant sa compétitivité et une dynamique socio-institutionnelle de régulation garantissant son maintien et sa durabilité. Cette thèse se veut une contribution à la compréhension et à l’enrichissement de cette nouvelle approche du développement.A partir d’une réflexion approfondie sur le cas de la Bekaa (un territoire périphérique – dans le sens géographique et économique – du Liban), nous tentons de démontrer, que dans le contexte d’une structure économique génératrice de déséquilibres sectoriels et spatiaux et de disparités sociales, la notion de développement territorial et les concepts qui lui sont associés (système économique territorial, organisation territoriale, régulation locale, rendement collectif…) constituent un cadre d’analyse approprié et peuvent être un outil efficace d’une politique de développement au niveau régional ou local. Notre analyse s’efforce à montrer qu’au sein d’un cluster agricole à la Bekaa se développe un système économique territorial structuré autour de la filière vitivinicole engendrant une dynamique socioéconomique territoriale susceptible d’améliorer les conditions de vie de la communauté locale. Bien qu’elle soit ancrée dans le territoire de la Bekaa, l’activité vitivinicole est loin de se développer en autarcie. Elle cherche en permanence à s’inscrire dans une économie mondialisée grâce à l’ouverture internationale des acteurs locaux. Dans le contexte actuel de la globalisation, cette ouverture sur l’extérieur, tout en offrant d’importantes opportunités, est simultanément source de défis sur le plan concurrentiel. Le SET vitivinicole de la Bekaa fait face également à d’autres défis relevant de facteurs endogènes tels que les interactions entre les acteurs. C’est pourquoi il est incontournable de mettre en place une gouvernance territoriale susceptible de réguler les rapports inter-acteurs et d’élaborer des stratégies collectives de promotion territoriale
For about half a century we have witnessed an integration of the concept of territory in the analysis of economic development in less developed countries as well as in developed ones. The new approach considers the territory as an actor of development and not merely as a spatial frame for the economic activity. It is based on the observation that development must be carried out as close as possible to the local actors who value the resources (generic and specific) available on the territory by a technical-economic dynamic of production ensuring its competitiveness and a socio-institutional dynamic of regulation guaranteeing its sustainability. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding and improvement of this new approach of development.With a deep consideration of the Bekaa (a peripheral territory - in the geographical and economic sense - of Lebanon), we try to demonstrate that in the context of an economic structure generating sectoral and spatial imbalances and social disparities, the notion of territorial development and the concepts associated with it (territorial economic system, territorial organization, local regulation, collective efficiency ...) constitute an appropriate framework of analysis and can be an effective tool for a development policy on the local level. Our analysis attempts to show that within the Bekaa agricultural cluster develops a territorial economic system structured around the wine industry, generating a territorial socio-economic dynamic capable of improving the living conditions of the local community. Although it is anchored in the territory of the Bekaa, wine activity is far from developing in autarchy. It constantly seeks to be part of a globalized economy thanks to the international openness of local players. In the current context of globalization, this openness to the outside world, while offering important opportunities, simultaneously presents challenges on a competitive level. The Bekaa territorial economic system also faces other challenges arising from endogenous factors such as interactions between actors. Therefore, it is essential to set up territorial governance that can regulate inter-actors’ relations and develop collective strategies for territorial promotion

Este trabalho pretende investigar o treino físico no Destacamento Territorial de Santarém, analisando as suas características e a sua importância perante os militares desta Subunidade. Para isso, vários objetivos foram traçados, de forma a conduzir a investigação: verificar se os militares do Destacamento Territorial de Santarém praticam exercício físico, avaliar o nível de empenho, averiguar a motivação desportiva dos militares, pesquisar as condições que existem para a realização do treino físico e observar o interesse deste tema. A metodologia utilizada para a elaboração do trabalho dividiu-se em duas partes: Parte Teórica e Parte Prática. Na primeira, foi realizada uma análise documental acerca do objeto de estudo. Na segunda parte, o trabalho de campo foi executado através da aplicação de questionários e por observação direta. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e discutidos usando o tratamento estatístico e interpretação da investigadora. Os resultados mais significativos mostraram o seguinte: a maioria da amostra pratica exercício físico; a principal limitação é a falta de tempo livre, especialmente por causa dos horários de trabalho; as condições existentes são suficientes para a prática do treino físico; os militares possuem um horário específico para o treino físico no Destacamento em questão e existe um interesse geral em praticar mais. De salientar que o treino físico pode ser influenciado por alguns dos tópicos analisados. As conclusões obtidas foram feitas relacionando as duas partes do trabalho. Desse modo, deparou-se com algumas carências na componente territorial. Além disso, observou--se que ao longo do tempo, a Guarda Nacional Republicana tentou readquirir a avaliação da condição física dos militares, realizando um projeto. Apesar disso, esse esforço não foi efetivado. Desta forma, há necessidade de motivar os militares e abordar as principais dificuldades, tentando colmatá-las, para que o treino físico seja melhorado na componente territorial.
Abstract This work intends to investigate the physical training of the Territorial Detachment of Santarém, analyzing the characteristics and the importance of the physical training for the military of this subunit. To achieve this, several goals were set in order to conduct the investigation: determine whether or not the military of the Territorial Detachment of Santarém do exercise, measure their level of commitment, determine the sports motivation of the military, research the conditions that exist for the realization of physical training and, at last, investigate the interest in this subject. The methodology used for the elaboration of the work was divided into two parts: the theoretical part and the practical part. At first, was performed a documentary analysis about the object of this subject-matter. In the second part, the field work was executed through questionnaires and direct observation. The data obtained were analyzed and discussed using statistical analysis and the interpretation of the researcher. The most significant results showed the following: the majority of the sample practices physical exercise; the main limitation is the lack of free time, especially due to the work schedules; the existing conditions are sufficient to the practice of physical training; the military have a specific time for physical training at the Detachment in study and there is a public interest in practicing more exercise. It is noteworthy that the physical training may be influenced by some of the topics analyzed. The conclusions were made relating the two parts of the work. Therefore, exists some shortcomings in the territorial component. Also noted that over time, the National Republican Guard tried to reacquire the assessment of the physical condition of the military, carrying out a project. Nevertheless, this effort was not put into effect. Thus, there is a need to motivate the military and approach the major difficulties, in order to resolve them, so that the physical training is improved in the territorial component.

Le scénario international n’est aujourd’hui, ni unique ni exclusif des États. Les collectivités territoriales interagissent avec des autres acteurs du système international de façon décidée. L’essor de l’action internationale des administrations locales, se manifeste dans un contexte marqué par une série de dynamiques économiques, sociales et politiques, qui contribuent ensemble à renforcer les institutions locales. Les collectivités locales colombiennes ne sont pas l’exception dans ce phénomène, mais, les conditions pour qu’une collectivité territoriale donnée mène des actions à contenu international, sont liées aux aspects politiques, normatives et institutionnels. Ainsi, les aspects pris en compte pour définir ces conditions sont, en substance, les suivants : a) la forme de État; b) le modèle d’organisation territoriale; c) le modèle de décentralisation implanté; d) la capacité à conclure des accords avec des collectivités territoriales étrangères et e) le monopole et l’usage de la violence par l’État.Or, dans le cas où l’État n’a pas ces capacités, et où, le niveau local a une faible structure politique et administrative, cela a-t-il un sens d’attribuer des compétences aux collectivités territoriales pour développer une action internationale ? Ce travail de recherche, à comme objectif d’analyser les conditions politiques, normatives, administratives et institutionnelles qui freinent ou conditionnent l’action internationale décentralisée en Colombie. Dans le cas de la Colombie, malgré les obstacles institutionnels générés par la forme de l’État, le manque de capacité administrative au niveau local et la cooptation du territoire par des groupes illégaux, ce n’est pas un thème inaccessible aux collectivités territoriales colombiennes. En dépit de les difficultés, il est tout à fait possible de planifier et exécuter cette action, en coordination avec les politiques du niveau central et en partant d’une approche régionale
The international scenario doesn't belong anymore to nations. Local territories are decisively interacting with other actors in the international context. The rise of decentralized international actions can be observed in contexts in which political, economical and social dynamics contribute to strengthen local institutions. Although local governments in Colombia are not the exception, their actions are regulated by legal and political aspects such a) the type of state b) the model of territorial organization c) the decentralization model d) their capacity to sign agreements with foreign local institutions and e) the nation's monopoly and use of violence.But when the nation doesn't have the capacity and there is a weak political and administrative structure, does it make sense: To Assign competencies to local governments to develop an international action? This research intends to analyze the regulatory and institutional conditions that facilitate or limit decentralized international action in Colombia, where despite institutional obstacles because of the type of state, lack of administrative capacity at the local level and the presence of illegal groups, the international action is not a forbidden topic for local administrations. Even with some difficulty, it is possible to plan and execute these actions in coordination with national policies and from a regional perspective

Les dynamiques de création et de développement de la connaissance, sont mises en place et articulées au développement des systèmes productifs locaux. Elles se profilent pour la plupart à travers l’essor territorial des potentiels scientifiques et techniques développés par les systèmes locaux de formation ou d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche. Dans ces stratégies de construction, sont opérées, à travers les trajectoires et spécialisations construites par les territoires, la construction et l’organisation des systèmes locaux d’innovation. Et les potentiels scientifiques et techniques sont considérés comme les moyens capitaux permettant de développer des ressources spécifiques aux capacités reconnues d’attirer et de polariser au niveau des territoires des entreprises et investissements. Nous nous employons et attelons ici à interroger les constructions mises en place pour le développement d’un processus à la fois apprenant et innovant. Sont aussi en question, l’appréhension et la qualification des stratégies et espaces qui sont définis et constitués par le développement des nœuds de connaissances techniques et l’essor des projets technologiques innovants. Cela, à l’interface des agglomérations et métropoles qui incubent, développent des connaissances à partir d’espaces dédiés, et qualifiant les initiatives concernées par les espaces universitaires. En effet, la densité scientifique d’un territoire, combinée à une dynamique locale de création et d’implantation des entreprises, impulse des stratégies autour du développement des connaissances pour innover des secteurs et propulser des métiers d’avenir. Ce processus est considéré comme étant apprenant et cognitif, aux dynamiques interactives et aux fortes évolutions organisationnelles des espaces, et relationnelles des acteurs. A l’échelle des villes et agglomérations s’opère ainsi un renouvellement des dynamiques technopolitaines. Celui-ci évolue, des espaces universitaires aux écosystèmes organisationnels des entreprises favorables au développement de nouvelles connaissances et solutions technologiques. Les espaces et organisations dessinés ou mis en place, associent les lieux universitaires par leur rôle structurant et articulant des dynamiques construites. Les centres de formation et de recherche universitaires croisent avec d’autres centres de création et de développement de la connaissance, des actions sur le développement des espaces dédiés à la créativité scientifique et techniques, autrement à l’innovation technologique. Nous interrogeons les dynamiques urbaines et territoriales engagées à travers la mise en place et le développement des économies locales de la connaissance
The dynamics of knowledge creation and development are set up and linked to the development of local production systems. Most of them can be seen through the territorial development of the scientific and technical potentials developed by the local systems of training or higher education and research. In these construction strategies, the construction and organization of local innovation systems is carried out through the trajectories and specializations built by the territories. And the scientific and technical potentials are considered as the capital means to develop specific resources with recognized capacities to attract and polarize companies and investments at the territorial level. Here we are working and endeavouring to question the constructions put in place for the development of a process that is both learning and innovative. We are also concerned with the understanding and qualification of strategies and spaces that are defined and constituted by the development of technical knowledge nodes and the development of innovative technological projects. This, at the interface of incubating conurbations and metropolises, develops knowledge from dedicated spaces, and qualifies the initiatives concerned by university spaces. Indeed, the scientific density of an area, combined with a local dynamic of creation and establishment of companies, gives impetus to strategies around the development of knowledge to innovate sectors and to propel the professions of the future. This process is considered to be learning and cognitive, with interactive dynamics and strong organisational changes in the spaces, and relational changes in the actors. At the level of cities and conurbations, a renewal of technopolitan dynamics is thus taking place. These are changing, from university spaces to organizational ecosystems in companies that are conducive to the development of new knowledge and technological solutions. The spaces and organizations that have been designed or set up involve universities through their role in structuring and articulating constructed dynamics. The university training and research centres intersect with other centres for the creation and development of knowledge, actions on the development of spaces dedicated to scientific and technical creativity, otherwise to technological innovation. We question the urban and territorial dynamics engaged through the establishment and development of local knowledge economies

Cette étude tente de déterminer la place accordée à la collectivité territoriale au sein du droit des marques, tout en recherchant si cet outil répond réellement à ses besoins et s’il est opportun de le modifier. Outre l’analyse d’éventuelles évolutions du droit des marques, en vue d'améliorer la prise en compte des intérêts de la collectivité territoriale, l’objectif est également de proposer des méthodes et instruments à mettre en œuvre concrètement afin d’optimiser l’utilisation de ce droit. D’une part, sont étudiés les défis et enjeux auxquels elle est confrontée, ainsi que les utilités et bénéfices que la marque peut lui apporter. Il s’agit ainsi de déterminer l’intérêt du droit des marques pour la collectivité territoriale. D’autre part, celle-ci souhaite mettre en œuvre ce droit afin d’enregistrer et d’exploiter une marque. Il est alors réalisé une analyse du fonctionnement du droit des marques au service de la collectivité territoriale
This study tries to determine the place given to the territorial collectivity within trademark law, while investigating whether this tool really meets its needs and whether it is appropriate to modify it. In addition to analyzing possible changes in trademark law, in order to improving the way in which the interests of the territorial collectivity are taken into account, the objective is also to propose methods and tools to be implemented in practice. On the one hand, the challenges and issues the territorial collectivity faces are examined, as well as the uses and benefits that the trademark can bring to it. This is to determine the interest of the trademark law for the territorial collectivity. On the other hand, the territorial collectivity wishes to implement this law in order to register and use a trademark. An analysis of the functioning of trademark law in the interest of the territorial collectivity is then made

Territorial cohesion has its legal basis in the Treaty of Lisbon and is one of the overarching goals in the 2007-2013 Cohesion Policy instruments. Still the definition of territorial cohesion can be characterized as a ‘moving target’ - each EU Member State and region conceptualizes the policy goal in as befits the specific regional challenges and opportunities of the territory. The thesis examines the concept of territorial cohesion as a normative goal that is intended to be implemented at various territorial governance levels. The point of departure of the thesis is that it is important for institutions, as formal and informal ‘rules of the game’, to have the capacity or potential mobilization resources to plan for and achieve territorial cohesion and regional development. Institutional capacity is operationalized by use of a general framework consisting of knowledge resources, relational resources and mobilization capacity. The thesis is built on six papers that each deal with an issue (EU enlargement, climate change adaptation and mitigation, innovative capacity and cores and peripheries) that has territorial impact at three levels - the international or EU level, the transnational or macro-regional level and the local/regional level. The papers use primarily qualitative methods and each paints a very different picture of the potential role of institutions in understanding territorial cohesion. A cover essay links the articles analytically, building the question of how territorial cohesion is conceptualized on multiple levels through different theoretical and policy ‘lenses’. Synthesized results of the papers confirm that there are two quite different logics of action informing the way territorial cohesion is used as a goal or a means at the three levels. Applying the institutional capacity framework to cases working towards territorial cohesion at different levels has concluded that knowledge-building resources are most important for EU-level institutions, relational resources are most important at the transnational or macro-regional level, and mobilization capacity is key for local/regional institutions in efforts towards place-based development. The thesis has shown that there is added value in using the same framework of analysis at very different territorial levels. Scaling up or scaling down analytical levels appears to provide some added substance to a coherent picture of territorial cohesion even if there is a risk that it increases complexity.
QC 20111026

Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Design de Comunicação apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Esta investigação na área de Design de Comunicação, foca-se, em particular no Design de uma Identidade territorial para a cidade de Odivelas. Para este efeito, o estudo compreendeu a história e a cultura da cidade, os seus habitantes e visitantes, as diferentes culturas e estratos sociais. O Design de Comunicação tem o poder de criar imagens que representam conceitos ou ideias, e neste caso foi utilizado para suscitar uma imagem positiva da marca, procurando garantir-se sempre uma coesão gráfica entre todos os elementos usados no processo de comunicação. O Design de Identidades Territoriais requer um processo de avaliação e pesquisa, para a criação de uma marca que traduza a cidade e os seus valores e, com a qual os seus habitantes se identifiquem. No processo foi também importante estudar outros casos de identidades já existentes, não só a nível nacional como internacional, perceber se resultam e o impacto e as influências que tiveram no território quando foram utilizadas. A componente prática desta investigação foi acompanhada por representantes da Câmara de Odivelas que ajudaram na decisão dos valores a serem transpostos bem como do modo em como tal foi efectuado sendo por isso necessário o estudo de símbolos/imagens/ monumentos emblemáticos que sejam representativos da essência da cidade. Da metodologia fizeram parte métodos não-intervencionistas e intervencionistas, de base qualitativa concluindo a revisão da Literatura, a Observação Direta, Estudo de Casos e por fim a Investigação Ativa correspondente ao Desenvolvimento Projetual. Os resultados deste projeto foram bastante positivos na medida que aprofundámos conhecimentos sobre o passado e o presente do Município de Odivelas, criámos contacto com a população e ainda com peritos e especialistas em Design que acompanharam de perto toda a investigação. Também é de louvar a característica do trabalho ser realizado para a comunidade e para um bem maior de um Município.
ABSTRACT: In order to create a new Land Identity Design proposal for the city of Odivelas, this research studied its history, culture, inhabitants, visitors, different cultures and social statuses. Communication Design is a powerful tool, with an ability to create images that represent concepts or ideas. And in this case it was be used to connect a positive image to the brand, always ensuring a graphical cohesion between all of the elements used in the communication process. To create a brand that represents its city and values and lets its inhabitants identify with it, the Land Identity Design requires a process of evaluation and research, where it’s important to study other existing identity cases, not only nationally but also internationally, understanding whether or not they work and the impact and influences they had on the city when they were applied. This investigation was followed up by the representatives of the Odivelas assembly who helped with the decision making of the core values. It’s necessary to study all of the symbols, images and symbolic moments which represent the essence of the city. The study includes non-interventionist and interventionist methods, with a qualitative basis, including the revision of Literature, Direct Observation, Case Studies and Active Research corresponding to the Project Development. The results of this project were very positive as we learned knowledge about the past and the present of the Municipality of Odivelas, we created contact with the population and also with experts and specialists in Design that closely followed all the investigation. It is also praiseworthy for the work to be carried out for the community and for a greater good of a Municipality.
N/A

La question des disparités territoriales, pourtant ancienne, se pose aujourd'hui de manière accrue et renouvelée avec l'ouverture européenne et la globalisation qui induisent une concurrence des territoires toujours plus forte. Or, si celle-ci n'est pas maîtrisée, les conséquences peuvent se révéler importantes en termes de cohésion spatiale. Ainsi, une réflexion approfondie sur les outils de traitement de la question sensible des disparités territoriales s'avère tout à la fois pertinente et nécessaire. Nous retenons ici deux types d'intervention publique qui peuvent apparaître aujourd'hui comme les outils les plus significatifs de réduction des disparités territoriales et que nous étudions dans un contexte de mobilité interrégionale. La thèse est donc organisée autour de deux parties bien distinctes, mais complémentaires quant au fond. La Partie I traite de la péréquation financière comme outil de réduction des disparités territoriales. Le Chapitre 1 a pour vocation d'offrir une revue approfondie et raisonnée de la littérature sur la péréquation financière dans un contexte de mobilité des agents économiques et par conséquent dans une perspective d'efficacité économique. Le Chapitre 2 s'inscrit dans la suite du premier et étudie la capacité d'un système transparent de péréquation financière à restaurer l'efficacité économique. La Partie II de la thèse s'intéresse quant à elle à un second instrument de réduction des disparités territoriales, la coopération intercommunale et à son implication sur la pression fiscale. Le Chapitre 3 évalue cette question d'un point de vue théorique tandis que le Chapitre 4 consiste en une analyse empirique appliquée au cas Français
The question of territorial disparities, although not a new one, appears to be a very topical issue with European opening and globalization. If the higher competition between territories that arises in this context is not controlled, the consequences can be extremely important in terms of social cohesion. Thereby, a detailed analysis about the instruments used to deal with the sensitive issue of territorial disparities is both relevant and necessary. We then focus on two types of public intervention that appear as the most important instruments used in the reduction of territorial disparities and that we analyze in a context of mobility. The thesis is then organized in two parts that are distinct but complement each other. The Part I is interested in the issue of fiscal equalization as a device to reduce fiscal disparities. The Chapter 1 provides a detailed survey of literature on equalization payments in a context of economic agents' mobility and therefore in an economic efficiency perspective. The Chapter 2 is in line with the first one and analyses the ability of a transparent equalization scheme to be efficiency enhancing. The Part II of the thesis studies a second instrument reduction of territorial disparities, inter-municipal cooperation, and its impact on fiscal pressure. The Chapter 3 look at this issue from a theoretical point of view, while the Chapter 4 is an empirical analysis applied to the French case

This paper focuses on the strategic planning method linked to the territory' s sustainable development as it is currendy being proposed by various organisms involved in public policies in Peru. lt is aimed to discuss the methodology in terms of its validity as a new theoretical paradigm. lts ultimare goal is to bring about a new comprehension of the strategic planning process within the present competitive framework -among districts, provinces, regions, etc.- featured by factors such as human resources assessment, expressive technological investments and emphasis on inter-connectivity, among others.The paper starts by revising the strategic planning model genesis within the publicinitiative sector and its relationship with the attraction of privare investments at local scale. The percourse which  links one point  to the other goes through  both  the perspective of economists and administrators and the vision of prominent planners. lt ends up by showing the possibilities of a new prospect in the strategic planning of development at local scale, as well as existing doubts regarding the model: firstly, if we lack adequate information in reference to the objective capacities of our closest competitors, we will hardly be able to elaborare competitive strategies favorable to us in a specific environment; secondly, we consider that, in the current context of our country, the goals  in the territory development  process  must be guidelined  by employment and income generation for local population and this, without doubt, relies on systematic planning of investment attraction; and finally, we accept that strategic planning may constitute a tool that will enable to consolidare the decentral­ization and territorial integration processes.
El texto presenta el método de planeamiento  estratégico vinculado con el desarrollo sostenible del territorio  del modo en que es propuesto por los diversos organismos vinculados con la acción pública en el Perú. Tiene por objeto la discusión de la meto­ dología, en el sentido de su validez como nuevo paradigma teórico. Expone  una nueva comprensión del proceso de planeamiento estratégico en el actual marco com­ petitivo entre distritos, provincias, regiones, etc., caracterizado por factores tales como, la calificación de los recursos humanos, las inversiones en tecnología y el énfasis en la interconectividad,   entre  otros.Se parte de la revisión de la génesis del modelo de planeamiento estratégico en el ámbito de la acción empresarial para llegar a su discusión en el ámbito de las iniciati­ vas públicas y su vinculación con la atracción de inversiones privadas en el ámbito local. El recorrido que vincula un punto con otro pasa tanto por las perspectivas de los economistas y administradores como por la visión de destacados planificadores.Finalmente, el texto señala las posibilidades de una nueva perspectiva de la plani­ ficación estratégica del desarrollo en el ámbito local, así como dudas existentes en relación con el modelo. En efecto, si no tenemos la información adecuada sobre las objetivas capacidades de nuestros más cercanos competidores,  difícilmente  podre­ mos elaborar estrategias competitivas que sean favorables en un  entorno concreto. Por otro lado, en el contexto actual del país, los objetivos del proceso de desarrollo territorial deben estar pautados por la generación de empleo y renta para la población local, los cuales pasan por la planificación sistematizada de atracción de inversiones. En suma, reconocemos que el planeamiento estratégico puede constituir una herramienta que permita consolidar procesos de descentralización  e integración territorial.

Ce travail s’intéresse au rôle du marketing territorial dans l’évaluation des ressources touristiques qui sont le moteur du développement touristique. Il s’intéresse particulièrement à la relation entre le marketing territorial et l’évaluation du patrimoine touristique. L’étude d’un cas de comparaison entre Tripoli en Libye et Oran en Algérie va nous permettre de diagnostiquer les points de ressemblances et de divergences entre les composantes de l’environnement spatial (les moyens, l’organisation, les stratégies, l’évaluation…) dans le but de déterminer la façon d’exercer le marketing territorial et le degré d’implication des acteurs pour évaluer le patrimoine dans les deux régions
Our research deals with the role of territorial marketing in the evaluation of tourism resources that drive tourism development. We foucus especially on the relationship between territorial marketing and the evaluation of the tourist heritage. The study of a case of comparison between Tripoli in Libya and Oran in Algeria will allow us to diagnose the points of resemblances and divergences between the components of the space environment (means, organization, strategies, Evaluation ...). The goal is to determine how to carry out the territorial marketing and the degree of involvement of the actors to evaluate the heritage in the two regions

Está em curso a denominada "Sociedade da Informação", pautada pela crescente influência dos sistemas e tecnologias de informação na vida dos indivíduos, das sociedades e das organizações. A distância dissipa-se, enquanto entrave ao relacionamento entre os indivíduos e instituições. A globalização da economia e, porque não, das culturas e das sociedades, conduz ao desaparecimento das fronteiras, físicas ou não, criando um ambiente concorrencial à escala mundial. As cidades e os territórios adquirem uma nova dimensão intangível, fruto do reconhecimento dos novos papéis dos indivíduos no processo de criação de valor. Os novos desafios económicos e sociais conduzem a novas políticas no que diz respeito à gestão territorial. Nascem as cidades e territórios do conhecimento, onde a criação de riqueza decorre muito mais da capacidade relacional de indivíduos e instituições do que de uma predisposição económica e de meras condições iniciais. /*** Abstract - The so-called "Information society" is now on his way, due mostly to the growing influence of information systems and technologies on people's life, as well as on societies and organisations. Distance is no longer an obstacle to the establishment of any kind of relationship between individual and societies. Economic, cultural and social globalization - which represent frontier's banishment, being physical or not -as opened his way to a planetary competitive environment. The cities and the territories acquire a new intangible dimension, fruit of the recognition of the new papers of the individuals in the value creation process. The new economic and social challenges lead the new politics regarding territorial management. The knowledge cities and territories are born. This means that wealth creation elapses much more of the relational capacity of individuals and institutions than that of an economical predisposition and of mere initial conditions.

Ingeniera Civil Industrial
Uno de los principales problemas en las Redes de Salud es la fragmentación, producto de un Estado excesivamente centralizado y un sistema de control normativo, además de la falta de comunicación entre los distintos actores que conforman estas Redes. Se esperaría que estos entramados de salud trabajaran de forma conjunta y colaborativa, sin embargo, se observa que entre los distintos niveles de atención no existen instancias formales para lograrlo. El siguiente informe presenta un análisis de la Gestión Territorial para el caso de la Salud Pública en Chile, en específico sobre el caso de implementación de Grupos Territoriales en la organización del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur Oriente. La Gestión Territorial es una solución para el problema de la fragmentación, gracias a su enfoque de trabajo local e integrando a los distintos actores sociales involucrados. Para lo anterior se definió como objetivo general diseñar propuestas de despliegue territorial de políticas públicas en salud. Se diseñaron de forma genérica, métodos y prácticas de gestión y coordinación en los territorios, además de evaluar la viabilidad de esta implementación en el caso del SSMSO. Para lo anterior se comenzó con un levantamiento de la situación actual, para realizar el análisis del diseño de gestión y la evaluación de la Gestión del Cambio. Se trabajó sobre el proceso de gestión de programas de salud, donde se propuso la creación de un diagnóstico actualizado de los territorios, para luego generar análisis de los datos y determinar qué necesidades tiene el territorio en específico. Para satisfacer esas necesidades, se propone generar planes de intervención en los programas de salud, de manera consensuada con todos los actores de la red, para encontrar una forma de palear los problemas existentes y obtener un mejor desempeño sanitario. Para cumplir con los procesos anteriores, se propone un cambio organizacional que incluirá la coordinación de las tareas territoriales a través de la creación del Departamento de Gestión Territorial. Es en este ente que se concentra la Gestión Territorial.

Cette thèse développe une conception normative du territoire qui associe l’idée cosmopolite selon laquelle les êtres humains sont au centre des préoccupations morales et et celle du droit à l’autodétermination collective, conçu elle généralement comme étrangère au cosmopolitisme. Les droits de l’Homme sont placés au cœur de cette thèse dans la mesure où les arguments qui y sont développés donnent la priorité aux intérêts humains les plus fondamentaux sur l’utilité sociale ou l’efficacité. Par ailleurs, ce travail avance que les citoyens des Etats ont un droit moral à l’auto-détermination collective et que ce droit peut être ramené aux droits de tous les êtres humains en tant que citoyens d’Etats particuliers. En explorant les implications de ces raisonnements, la thèse aborde des questions relatives à la citoyenneté, à l’immigration, aux ressources naturelles et à la justice distributive à l’échelle globale
This thesis develops a normative conception of the territory that combines the cosmopolitan notion that human beings are ultimate units of moral concern with the putatively non-cosmopolitan right to collective self-determination. Human rights are placed at very heart of this thesis insofar as the arguments developed therein give priority to important human interests over other considerations of social utility or efficiency. On the other hand, the thesis argues that the citizens of states have a moral right to collective self-determination and that this right is reducible to the rights of all human beings as citizens of particular states. Exploring the implications of these arguments, the thesis addresses issues pertaining to citizenship, immigration, and global distributive justice. Some of the arguments developed run against the dominant grain of contemporary political philosophy: residency provides a sufficient reason for claiming citizenship rights, there is no general right to immigration, natural resources are not the ‘currency’ of global distributive justice

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas.
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Esta dissertação investiga o processo de reorganização do território rural do planalto sul catarinense, deflagrado quando da implantação da Usina Hidrelétrica Barra Grande. Procurou-se entender a ação dos atores sociais locais no contexto de um processo de negociação instaurado para a instalação da hidrelétrica, tomando como ferramenta a idéia da dinâmica de "Territorialização - Desterritorialização - Reterritorialização". Por meio do levantamento de dados secundários, da observação direta de eventos da sociedade civil organizada, da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e guiadas, identificou-se os atores sociais envolvidos e sua forma de atuação, sendo posteriormente sistematizadas as informações obtidas com a aplicação das técnicas, de mapa de sistemas e diagrama de influências. Foram consideradas as relações sociais entre os atores em todo o processo de negociação. Os resultados do trabalho indicam que a ação de alguns atores sociais como Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs), movimentos sociais, entidades religiosas e ambientalistas são fundamentais para a garantia de direitos conquistados historicamente pelos trabalhadores rurais atingidos por barragens. É possível inferir que sua presença e atuação foram e permanecem ainda sendo significativas para a população do planalto sul catarinense, e especialmente, para as comunidades atingidas pela construção da hidrelétrica Barra Grande, uma vez que contribuiu para garantir sua participação no processo de reorganização do próprio território. No entanto, esta articulação não garantirá, por si só, uma orientação do processo de reterritorialização do espaço rural voltada ao desenvolvimento territorial. O processo de desenvolvimento territorial rural exige a articulação integrada entre, pelo menos, a maioria dos atores sociais presentes no território rural, e esta situação não foi encontrada no tecido social do meio rural em estudo. Entende-se que a orientação do processo de desenvolvimento do planalto sul catarinense encontra barreiras a serem superadas, de forma que se faz necessário fortalecer as relações sociais que constroem seu tecido social, estreitando especialmente, as articulações entre a sociedade civil organizada e as instituições governamentais e político administrativas.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento assumiu lugar de destaque nas políticas públicas estatais, norteando também ações originadas de distintas organizações da sociedade. O enfoque territorial, influenciado pelas análises relacionadas aos distritos industriais, destaca-se como uma forma específica de tratar processos e situações delimitados espacialmente. No Brasil, a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Territorial, vinculada ao Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, desde 2003 o adotou estrategicamente por meio do Programa Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Territórios Rurais (Pronat). Em 2008 ocorreu a implantação do Programa Territórios da Cidadania, desdobramento do Pronat e política de desenvolvimento rural direcionada à dinamização de territórios deprimidos, constituídos por pequenos municípios e que compreendem áreas e atividades rurais e urbanas, superando a ênfase setorial do mundo rural. A análise dos pressupostos subjacentes à adoção dessa estratégia nas políticas de desenvolvimento rural no Brasil, realizada por meio do estudo da constituição do Território Integração Norte Pioneiro (PR), indica que a ênfase dessa política recai mais sobre a efetividade da descentralização do que na concretização da gestão social.
The territorial approach of development took an important place in the public politics of the State, also guiding the actions originated from different organizations of the society. The territorial focus, influenced by the analysis related to the industrial districts, is highlighted as a specific form to dealing with process and situations spatially delimited. In Brazil, the Secretária de Desenvolvimento Territorial, linked to the Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, since 2003 has adopted it strategically trough the Programa Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Territórios Rurais ( Pronat). In 2008 occurs the implantation of the Programa Territórios da Cidadania, a part of the Pronat and of the rural development politic directed to the dynamization of the depressed territories constituted by small counties that cover rural and urban areas and activities, overcoming the focus on the rural world. The analysis of the assumptions underlying to the adoption of this strategy on the politic of the rural development in Brazil made trough the study of the constitution of the Território Integração Norte Pioeiro (PR), indicates that the focus of this politic falls more on the effectiveness of the decentralization than the concretization of the social management.

En el año 2002 se formó el municipio de Luvianos con un área de 702,129 km 2 , el cual, tiene como cabecera municipal la localidad Villa de Luvianos. En este municipio se encuentra el Parque Estatal Sierra de Nanchititla (PESN) . Con base en ello, y dado que los parques rep resentan una riqueza en biodiversidad por su estatus, nosotros señalamos que el área contigua pose e una riqueza comparada con la del parque, debido a la presencia de diferentes ecosistemas , tales como selva baja caducif olia, bosque de encino , bosqu e de pino , por el lado de la fauna destacan el jaguar, puma y venado, por otra parte se aprecian los elementos que permiten el desarrollo de diversos ecosistemas, tales como los suelos y la presencia de agua. Un ejemplar importante de la región de estudio lo co nstituye el R ío Pungarancho, que denota una configuración topográfica accidentada. Este conjunto de riqueza de ecosistemas, producto de la interacción de la vegetación, 2 fauna, clima, suelo, agua, se ve afectado por las actividades humanas que se están real izan do en la región
En la actualidad nuestro país enfrenta severos problemas ambientales debido a la sobreexplotación y al tipo de uso que se le ha dado a los recursos naturales , esto provoca repercusiones graves a la población como problemas de agua, pérdida de productividad del suelo, cambio climáti co, pérdida de bosques , de fauna, cambio de uso del suelo, entre otros . Debido a los problemas que han venido creciendo en los últimos años en el municipio de Luvianos, principalmente el cambio de uso de suelo de una manera negativa al transformar la selva y el bosque en terrenos para ganadería y agricultura, el territorio se ha venido deteriorando por lo que es necesario ordenar el sue lo y corregir la situación, por tal motivo e n el presente trabajo de investigación se presenta un estudio que se realizó a través del proceso de un instrumento de planeación como lo es el Ordenamiento Ecológico del Territorio (OET), el cual p or la amplitud del instrument o, las limitaciones de tiempo, recursos económicos, humanos e instrumentales de esta investigación, el presente documento se reduce a la caracterización territorial que sirve como plataforma pa ra la realización del Ordenamiento Ecológico del Territorio.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation aims at comparing two experiences of territorial planning promoted by public policy called PRONAT, coming from the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA) seeks sustainable territorial development of rural territories delimited called Identity rural regions. To comparatively analyze the two chosen areas, we set up a model of analysis that was based on concepts of sustainable territorial development, co-production and territorial planning. Territories are described in their general characteristics and is told a little of its historical, cultural, political and social history so that it is clear their territories of identity formation was constructed. Then passing to examination the process itself, to see whether the process of planning and execution was coproduced, to achieve this we had to reconstruct the planning process in both territories, for the reconstruction of the process we consult documents, minutes, reports, and actors who have played a key role in the territorial planning were interviewed. Finally, this work paper seeks to leave exposed the advances and limits the policy has achieved in these areas in the last ten years in terms of sustainable territorial development, and some approaches to improving the achievement of results.
Esta dissertação busca analisar comparativamente duas experiências de planejamento territorial promovidas pela política pública chamada PRONAT, oriunda do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (MDA) que visa o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável de regiões rurais delimitadas chamadas Territórios Rurais de Identidade. Para analisar comparativamente os dois territórios escolhidos, montamos um modelo de análise que se fundamentou em conceitos de desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, coprodução e planejamento territorial. São descritos os territórios em suas características gerais e é contada um pouco de sua trajetória histórica, cultural, política e social para que fique evidente a sua formação enquanto territórios de identidade construídos. Depois a análise passa ao processo em si, para averiguar se o processo de planejamento e execução foi coproduzido, para isso foi preciso reconstruir o processo de planejamento em ambos os territórios, foram consultados documentos, atas, relatórios e foram entrevistados atores que desempenharam um papel chave no planejamento territorial. Por fim, o trabalho busca deixar expostos os avanços e os limites que a política alcançou nesses territórios nos últimos dez anos, em termos de desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, e aponta alguns caminhos para a melhoria no alcance de resultados.

Esta investigación trata sobre la evolución de la pobreza y la desigualdad social en el marco territorial del Estado de Ceará (Brasil). Se inscribe en el contexto de una de las temáticas más estudiadas y debatidas en Ceará, el Brasil y en todo el mundo, tanto desde el punto de vista académico como en lo que se refiere a la implementación de políticas públicas de superación de la pobreza y la desigualdad. La investigación profundiza diversos aspectos ya tratados en el proyecto de investigación sobre Desequilibrios Regionales realizado en el marco del DEA, y responde también a mi formación académica como economista y mi actuación profesional en el ámbito de la consultoría y la elaboración de planes directores sociales y territoriales. El objeto de estudio de la tesis tiene un carácter multidisciplinar que abarca la geografía, la economía, la historia y la sociología. La hipótesis principal parte de la base de que durante el período 1990 - 2010, el Estado de Ceará ha reducido de manera significativa sus niveles de pobreza y desigualdad, pero que esta reducción ha sido muy desequilibrada y desigual desde el punto de vista territorial entre los diversos municipios del Estado. La investigación se desarrolla en dos partes: la primera sitúa el marco teórico mediante el análisis y la valoración de las ideas, conceptos y contribuciones realizadas por varios autores en relación con el problema del desarrollo, la pobreza y la desigualdad. Se valoran especialmente las aproximaciones geográficas (espaciales, territoriales y demográficas) y económicas (indicadores de pobreza y desigualdad). La segunda parte tiene un carácter aplicado, y consiste en analizar la evolución de los indicadores de pobreza y desigualdad desde una perspectiva temporal (periodo 1991-2010) y a escala de los 184 municipios de Ceará. El objetivo general es detectar los desequilibrios territoriales en la evolución de la pobreza y la desigualdad en Ceará durante el período de estudio. Entre los objetivos específicos cabe señalar los siguientes: la naturaleza de los conceptos de desarrollo, la economía del desarrollo, la formación histórica del territorio y los condicionantes macros de la evolución económica de Ceará, de Brasil y del mundo. El análisis de los niveles de desarrollo de los municipios cearenses evaluados por IDHM muestra una notoria y considerable reducción de la pobreza entre 1991 y 2010, pero este importante avance ocurre de forma desequilibrada y los municipios con índices de desempeño más bajos consiguen mejorar a un ritmo más acelerado que los que se sitúan en lo alto de la pirámide. En cuanto a desigualdad, la evolución del índice de GINI muestra que ha habido una mejora, aunque proporcionalmente menor que la reducción de la pobreza. Finalmente, se señalan las cuestiones que habría que profundizar en nuevos trabajos académicos.
La present recerca tracta sobre l'evolució de la pobresa i la desigualtat social en el marc territorial de l'Estat de Ceará (Brasil). S'inscriu dins el context d'una de les temàtiques més estudiades i debatudes a Cearà i al Brasil i tot el món, tant des del punt de vista acadèmic com pel que fa al desplegament de polítiques públiques de superació de la pobresa i la desigualtat. La recerca aprofundeix diversos aspectes ja tractats en el projecte d’investigació sobre Desequilibris Regionals realitzat en el marc del DEA, i respon també a la meva formació acadèmica com a economista i a l’actuació professional desenvolupada en l’àmbit de la consultoria i l'elaboració de plans directors socials i territorials. En l'àmbit acadèmic, l’objecte d’estudi de la tesi té un caràcter multidisciplinari que comprèn la geografia, l’economia, la història i la sociologia. La hipòtesi principal parteix de la base que durant el període 1990 - 2010, l'Estat de Ceará ha reduït de manera significativa els seus nivells de pobresa i desigualtat, però que aquesta reducció ha estat molt desequilibrada i desigual des del punt de vista territorial entre els diversos municipis de l’Estat. La recerca es desenvolupa en dues parts: la primera situa el marc teòric mitjançant l’anàlisi i la valoració de les idees, conceptes i contribucions realitzades per diversos autors en relació amb el problemes del desenvolupament, la pobresa i la desigualtat. Es valoren especialment les aproximacions geogràfiques (espacials, territorials i demogràfiques) i econòmiques (indicadors de pobresa i desigualtat). La segona part té un caràcter aplicat, i consisteix en analitzar l'evolució dels indicadors de pobresa i desigualtat des d'una perspectiva temporal (període 1991-2010) i a escala dels 184 municipis de Cearà. L'objectiu general és detectar els desequilibris territorials en l'evolució de la pobresa i la desigualtat a Ceará durant el període d’estudi. Entre els objectius específics cal assenyalar els següents: la naturalesa dels conceptes de desenvolupament, l'economia del desenvolupament, la formació històrica del territori i els condicionants macros de l'evolució econòmica de Ceará, del Brasil i del món. L'anàlisi dels nivells de desenvolupament dels municipis cearencs avaluats pel IDHM mostra una notòria i considerable reducció de la pobresa entre 1991 i 2010, però aquest important avanç ocorre de forma desequilibrada i els municipis amb índexs d'acompliment més baixos aconsegueixen millorar a un ritme més accelerat que els que se situen al capdamunt de la piràmide. Pel que fa a desigualtat, l'evolució de l'índex de GINI mostra que hi ha hagut una millora, encara que proporcionalment menor que la reducció de la pobresa. Finalment, s‘assenyalen les qüestions que caldria aprofundir en nous treballs acadèmics.
This research concerns the evolution of poverty and social inequality in the physical territory of the State of Ceará (Brazil). It is insered into the context of one of the most studied and debated topics in Ceará, Brazil and the world, both in academia and in relation to public policy to overcome poverty and inequality. The research delves into various aspects dealt with in the research project on Regional Disparities held in DEA’s mark and is coherent with my academic background as an economist and my professional experience within the consultancy and master social and territorial plans. The object of study has a multidisciplinary project involving Geography, Economics, History and Sociology. The Main Hypothesis assumes that during the period 1990-2010, the State of Ceará has significantly reduced its levels of poverty and inequality, but this reduction was very unbalanced and uneven from the territorial point of view among the towns of State. The research is developed in two parts: the first one refers to the theoretical framework and includes the analysis and valuation of ideas, concepts and contributions of various authors on the problems of development, poverty and inequality. It is valued especially the geographical approximations (spatial, territorial and demographic) and economic indicators (poverty and inequality). The second part has an applied nature, and consists in analyzing the evolution of indicators of poverty and inequality from a temporal perspective (1991-2010) and the scale of the 184 towns. The main goal is to detect the territorial unbalances during the evolution of the poverty and inequality in Ceará during the period of study. Among the specific goals, the following are highlighted: the natur of the development concepts, development’s economy, historic forming of the territory and the conditional marks of th economic development of Ceará, Brazil and the world. The analysis of the levels of development of towns in Ceará evaluated by IDHM shows a remarkable and considerable reduction in poverty between 1991 and 2010, but this important breakthrough occurs unevenly where towns with lower levels of performance can improve in a faster pace than those at the top of the pyramid. Regarding inequality, the evolution of the GINI index shows that there was an improvement, but in a smaller proportion than in poverty reduction. Finally, it presents some issues to be probed in new academic papers.
Esta investigação trata da evolução da pobreza e da desigualdade social no marco territorial do Estado do Ceará (Brasil). Está inserida no contexto de uma das temáticas mais estudadas e debatidas no Ceará, no Brasil e no Mundo, no que se refere às políticas públicas para superação da pobreza e da desigualdade. A pesquisa aprofunda diversos aspectos tratados no projeto de investigação sobre Desequilíbrios Regionais, realizado no marco do DEA, e está coerente com a minha formação acadêmica como economista e com a minha atuação profissional no âmbito da consultoria e da elaboração de planos diretores sociais e territoriais. O objeto de estudo possui um caráter multidisciplinar, envolvendo a Geografia, a Economia, a História e a Sociologia. A Hipótese Principal parte da premissa que, durante o período de 1990 a 2010, o Estado do Ceará reduziu de forma significativa os seus níveis de pobreza e desigualdade, porém essa redução ocorreu de forma desequilibrada e desigual, do ponto de vista territorial, entre os municípios do Estado. A investigação se desenvolve em duas partes: a primeira se refere ao marco teórico e compreende a análise e valoração das idéias, conceitos e contribuições de diversos autores em relação aos problemas de desenvolvimento, pobreza e desigualdade, valorizando-se especialmente as aproximações geográficas (espaciais, territoriais e demográficas) e econômicas (indicadores de pobreza e desigualdade). A segunda parte possui um caráter aplicado e consiste em analisar a evolução dos indicadores de pobreza e de desigualdade sob uma perspectiva temporal (1991-2010) e a uma escala dos 184 municípios do Ceará. O objetivo geral é detectar os desequilíbrios territoriais na evolução da pobreza e da desigualdade no Ceará durante o período de estudo. Entre os objetivos específicos, devem-se destacar os seguintes: a natureza dos conceitos de desenvolvimento, a economia do desenvolvimento, a formação histórica do território e os condicionantes macros da evolução econômica do Ceará, do Brasil e do Mundo. A análise dos níveis de desenvolvimento dos municípios cearenses avaliados pelo IDHM mostra uma notável e considerável redução na pobreza entre 1991 e 2010, porém esse importante avanço ocorre de forma desequilibrada, uma vez que os municípios com índices de desempenho mais baixos conseguem melhorar em um ritmo mais acelerado que aqueles que estão no topo da pirâmide. No que se refere à desigualdade, a evolução do Índice de GINI mostra que houve uma melhora, porém em menor proporção que na redução da pobreza. Finalmente, apresentam-se algumas questões que devem ser aprofundadas em novos trabalhos acadêmicos.
Cette recherche porte sur l’évolution de la pauvreté et de l’inégalité sociale dans la limite territoriale de l’Etat du Ceará (Brésil). Elle se déroule dans le contexte de l’un des sujets les plus étudiés et débattus dans le Ceará, dans le Brésil et dans le Monde, en ce qui concerne les politiques publiques pour vaincre la pauvreté et l’inégalité. La recherche approfondit plusieurs aspects traités dans le projet d’investigation sur les Déséquilibres Régionaux. Elle est réalisée dans le cadre du DEA, est cohérente avec ma formation académique en tant qu’économiste et ma fonction professionnelle comme conseiller et dans le domaine de l’élaboration de plans directeurs sociaux et territoriaux. L’objet de l’étude a un caractère multidisciplinaire, impliquant la Géographie, l’Economie, l’Histoire et la Sociologie. L’Hypothèse Principale suppose qu’entre 1990 et 2010, l’Etat du Ceará présente la réduction significative des niveaux de pauvreté et de l’inégalité sociale, mais cette réduction s’est produite de façon déséquilibrée et inégale du point de vue territorial, parmi les municipalités de l’Etat. L’investigation se divise en deux parties : dans la première l’étude du repère théorique et comprend l’analyse et la valorisation des idées, les concepts et les contributions de divers auteurs sur des thèmes liés avec le développement, la pauvreté et l’inégalité, valorisant notamment les approches géographiques (spatiales, territoriales et démographiques) et économiques (indicateurs de pauvreté et d’inégalité). La deuxième partie a un caractère appliqué, qui consiste à analyser l’évolution des indicateurs de pauvreté et d’inégalité dans une perspective temporelle (1991-2010) et dans l’échelle municipale de 184 municipalités du Ceará. L’objectif général est de détecter les déséquilibres territoriaux dans l’évolution de la pauvreté et de l’inégalité dans le Ceará durant la période en question. Parmi les objectifs spécifiques, on doit mettre en relief notamment la nature des concepts de développement, l’économie du développement, la formation historique du territoire et les déterminantes macros de l’évolution économique du Ceará, du Brésil et du Monde. L’analyse des niveaux de développement des municipalités cearenses, évalués par l’ IDHM montre une grande et considérable réduction dans la pauvreté entre 1991 et 2010, cependant cet important progrès est en déséquilibre, puisque les municipalités qui ont une performance plus basse s’améliore dans un rythme plus accéléré que celles qui sont au sommet de la pyramide. En ce qui se concerne l’ inégalité, l’évolution de l’indice de GINI montre qu’il y a eu une amélioration, mais dans une proportion inférieure à la réduction de la pauvreté. Pour finir je présenterai quelques questions qui devraient être approfondies dans de nouveaux travaux académiques.
Diese Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung von Armut und sozialer Ungleichheit auf dem Gebiet der Staates Ceará (Brasilien). Sie versteht sich im Kontext einer der meist untersuchten und diskutierten Themen im Ceará, in Brasilien und in der Welt, nämlich auf die Betrachtung öffentlicher Maßnahmen zur Überwindung von Armut und Ungleichheit. Die Untersuchung vertieft verschiedene Aspekte des Forschungsprojektes „Regionale Ungleichgewichte“ im Rahmen von DEA und entspricht der Ausrichtung meiner akademischen Ausbildung als Ökonom sowie meiner aktuellen beruflichen Tätigkeit im Bereich der Beratung und Entwicklung von sozialen und territorialen Steuerungsplänen. Der Gegenstand der Untersuchung hat multidisziplinären Charakter und involviert u.a. die Bereiche Geographie, Ökonomie, Geschichte und Soziologie. Die Hauptthese geht aus von der Prämisse, dass der Staat Ceará zwischen 1990 und 2010 das Ausmaß von Armut und Ungleichgewicht signifikant verringert hat. Dies geschah jedoch in ungleichem und unausgewogenen Maße, was die Ergebnisse in den verschiedenen Städten und Gemeinden des Staates betrifft. Die Untersuchung wurde in zwei Teilen entwickelt: der erste Teil bezieht sich auf den theoretischen Rahmen und beinhaltet Analyse und Bewertung von Ideen, Konzepten und Beiträgen verschiedener Autoren mit Bezug zu den Problemen der Entwicklung, Armut und Ungleichheit. Hierbei stehen besonders die geographischen (räumlich, territorial und demographisch) und die ökonomischen Betrachtungen (Indikatoren für Armut und Ungleichheit) im Vordergrund Der zweite Teil hat eher Anwendungscharakter und besteht in der Analyse der Entwicklung von Indikatoren für Armut und Ungleichheit unter zeitlichen Aspekten (1991-2010) und bezogen auf den Vergleich der 184 Gemeinden des Staates Ceará. Das Hauptziel ist es, territoriale Ungleichheiten in der Entwicklung von Armut und Ungleichheit während des Untersuchungszeitraumes im Ceará zu identifizieren. Unter den spezifischen Zielen sind hervorzuheben: das Wesen der Entwicklungskonzepte, die Ökonomie der Entwicklung, die historische Herausbildung des Territoriums und der Makrobedingungen für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Ceará, Brasiliens und der Welt. Die Analyse der Entwicklungsstadien der Gemeinden im Ceará, so wie vom IDHM evaluiert, zeigt eine deutliche und beachtliche Verringerung der Armut zwischen 1991 und 2010. Diese verlief jedoch in unausgewogener Form, was sich daran zeigt, dass Gemeinden mit weniger diesbezüglichem Engagement sich schneller verbessern konnten als diejenigen an höherer Position der Pyramide. Bezogen auf die Ungleichheit zeigt der GINI Entwicklungsindex ebenfalls eine Verbesserung, dies jedoch proportional geringer als die Verringerung der Armut. Schließlich werden noch einige Fragen aufgezeigt, die in weiteren akademischen Arbeiten vertieft werden müssen.

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O presente trabalho realiza um estudo sobre a formação territorial do Brasil e do Acre, como ponto de partida para se refletir sobre uma nova configuração das terras acreanas. O processo de emancipação de Vila Campinas, localizada no município de Plácido de Castro, Estado do Acre, é o recorte empírico utilizado para análise. O contexto de lutas pela criação de Estados, Territórios e Municípios é ressaltado para se fazer a conexão do local com o global. A Geografia Política dará o embasamento teórico para se analisarem os processos de construção e reconstrução de novos territórios. Na localidade estudada enfatizar-se-ão os seguintes aspectos para entender a sua formação: as migrações para o Estado nas décadas de 1970/19880, a implantação dos projetos de assentamentos como política de reforma agrária para a região amazônica e a articulação da Comissão Pró-Emancipação, que dará base para se aglutinar os olhares divergentes sobre a temática.
The present work realize a study about the territorial formation of Brasil and of Acre, as staring point for us to think about a new configuration of the lands from Acre. The process of emancipation of Vila Campinas, located Plácido de Castro - Acre, is the impiric cutting used for analysis. The context of fights for the creation of States, Territories and Municipal districts is stood out for us to make the connection of the place with the global. The Political geography will give the theoretical basement to analyze the construction processes and reconstruction of new territories. In the planned place we will emphasize the following aspects to understand its formation: the migration for the State in 70s/80s, the implantation of the projects of establishment s like land reform politics for the Amazonian area and Comissão Pró- Emancipação, thtat will give base to agglutinate the divergent watch on the theme.