Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Teoria general a relativității”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Teoria general a relativității”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Pereira, Thiago dos Santos. "Teoria inflacionária em universos anisotrópicos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-02032009-151808/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work we generalize the standard theory of cosmological perturbations to the case of homogeneous and anisotropic universes described by a Bianchi I spacetime metric. As an application of this theory we investigate the predictions of an inflationary anisotropic phase, both at the classical and quantum level. After discussing the evolution of the background spacetime, we solve and quantize the perturbation equations in order to predict the power spectra of the curvature perturbations and gravity waves at the end of inflation. Our results show that the main features of an early anisotropic phase are: (1) a dependence of the spectra on the direction of the modes, (2) a coupling between curvature perturbations and gravity waves, and (3) the fact that the two gravity waves polarisations do not share the same spectrum on large scales. All these effects are significant only on large scales and die out on small scales where isotropy is recovered. Finally, our results depend on a characteristic scale that can, but a priori does not have to, be tuned to some observable scale.
Almanza, Torres Dennis José. "Bases para una nueva teoria general para el derecho comercial". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46365.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito. Defesa: Curitiba, 04/03/2016
Inclui referências : f. 229-257
Área de concentração
Resumo: A dinâmica com que se desenvolve o comércio na atualidade obriga a revisar teorias gerais que permitam estudar e aplicar o direito comercial no contexto econômico e social em que deve atuar. Fenômenos como a internacionalização do comércio ou a constitucionalização do direito, muito presentes em nossa sociedade, exigem realizar uma análise das chamadas fontes formais do direito comercial. Tanto os usos e práticas comerciais, quanto o conjunto de normas comerciais, inicialmente, devem ser analisados desde uma perspectiva histórico-descritiva, isto nos permite além de conhecer estas regras, verificar sua eficiência e efetividade no contexto de onde e quando foram criadas. Considerando que atualmente as instituições - formais e informais - que fazem parte do direito comercial devem elaborar-se para satisfazer os objetivos do comércio e do comerciante, assim como para integrar-se na estrutura constitucionalizada do Estado, no presente trabalho realiza-se uma crítica à teoria geral da interpretação das normas jurídicas dominante no Direito contemporâneo, questionando sua ineficiência quando é utilizada para regular relações comerciais. Nesse ínterim, propõe-se a Análise Econômica do Direito como teoria para interpretar as regras e normas jurídicas comerciais. PALABRAS-CHAVE. Direito comercial. Codificação. Lex Mercatoria. Estado Constitucional. Realismo Jurídico. Análise Econômica do Direito.
Abstract: The dynamics with which commerce is developed today obliges us to review general theories that allow us to study and apply commercial law in the economic and social context where it must act. Phenomena such as the internationalization of trade or the constitutionalization of law, very present in our society, require an analysis of the so-called formal sources of commercial law. Both commercial uses and customs, as the set of commercial rules, at first, must be analyzed from a historical-descriptive perspective, this also allows to know these rules, to verify their efficiency and effectiveness in the context where and when they were created. Considering that presently the formal and informal institutions forming part of commercial law must be developed to meet the objectives of the trade and the merchant as well as to be integrated into the constitutionalised structure of the state; In the present work a criticism is made to the general theory for the interpretation of the legal norms dominant in the contemporary Law, questioning its inefficiency when it is used to regulate commercial relations. In the meantime, the Economic Analysis of Law is proposed as a theory for interpreting commercial legal norms. KEYWORDS: Commercial law. Legal realism. Constitutional state. Lex mercatoria. Law and economics.
Resumen: La dinámica con la que se desarrolla el comercio en la actualidad, obliga a revisar teorías generales que permitan estudiar y aplicar el derecho comercial en el contexto económico y social donde debe actuar. Fenómenos como la internacionalización del comercio o la constitucionalización del derecho, muy presentes en nuestra sociedad, exigen realizar un análisis de las llamadas fuentes formales del derecho comercial. Tanto los usos y prácticas comerciales, cuanto el conjunto de normas comerciales, en un inicio, deben ser analizadas desde una perspectiva histórica-descriptiva, esto permite además de conocer estas reglas, verificar su eficiencia y efectividad en el contexto donde y cuando fueron creadas. Considerando que actualmente las instituciones - formales e informales - que hacen parte del derecho comercial deben elaborarse para satisfacer los objetivos del comercio y del comerciante, así como para integrarse en la estructura constitucionalizada del estado; en el presente trabajo se realiza una crítica a la teoría general para la interpretación de las normas jurídicas dominante en el Derecho contemporáneo, cuestionando su ineficiencia cuando es utilizada para regular relaciones comerciales. En ese ínterin, se propone al Análisis Económico del Derecho como teoría para interpretar las reglas y normas jurídicas comerciales. PALABRAS CLAVE. Derecho comercial. Codificación. Lex Mercatoria. Estado Constitucional. Realismo Jurídico. Análisis Económico del Derecho.
Berckoltz, Pablo. ""DERECHO TRIBUTARIO, TEORIA GENERAL DEL IMPUESTO". Raúl Barrios Obregoso. Urna, 1966". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109292.
Pełny tekst źródłaHERNANDEZ, CORTES ALDO RODRIGO. "UNA INTRODUCCION A LA TEORIA DE VALORES EXTREMOS: Vision general de los conceptos basicos". Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/64258.
Pełny tekst źródłaSilva, Francisco Martins da. "Para uma nova teoria da periodização do treino-um estudo do atletismo português de meio-fundo e fundo". Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 1995. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30239.
Pełny tekst źródłaPerarnau, Llobet Guillem. "Random combinatorial structures with low dependencies : existence and enumeration". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/362940.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis we study different problems in combinatorics and in graph theory by means of the probabilistic method. This method, introduced by Erdös, has become an extremely powerful tool to provide existential proofs for certain problems in different mathematical branches where other methods had failed utterly. One of its main concerns is to study the behavior of random variables. In particular, one common situation arises when these random variables count the number of bad events that occur in a combinatorial structure. The idea of the Poisson Paradigm is to estimate the probability of these bad events not happening at the same time when the dependencies among them are weak or rare. If this is the case, this probability should behave similarly as in the case where all the events are mutually independent. This idea gets reflected in several well-known tools, such as the Lovász Local Lemma or Suen inequality. The goal of this thesis is to study these techniques by setting new versions or refining the existing ones for particular cases, as well as providing new applications of them for different problems in combinatorics and graph theory. Next, we enumerate the main contributions of this thesis. The first part of this thesis extends a result of Erdös and Spencer on latin transversals [1]. They showed that an integer matrix such that no number appears many times, admits a latin transversal. This is equivalent to study rainbow matchings of edge-colored complete bipartite graphs. Under the same hypothesis of, we provide enumerating results on such rainbow matchings. The second part of the thesis deals with identifying codes, a set of vertices such that all vertices in the graph have distinct neighborhood within the code. We provide bounds on the size of a minimal identifying code in terms of the degree parameters and partially answer a question of Foucaud et al. On a different chapter of the thesis, we show that any dense enough graph has a very large spanning subgraph that admits a small identifying code. In some cases, proving the existence of a certain object is trivial. However, the same techniques allow us to obtain enumerative results. The study of permutation patterns is a good example of that. In the third part of the thesis we devise a new approach in order to estimate how many permutations of given length avoid a consecutive copy of a given pattern. In particular, we provide upper and lower bounds for them. One of the consequences derived from our approach is a proof of the CMP conjecture, stated by Elizalde and Noy as well as some new results on the behavior of most of the patterns. In the last part of this thesis, we focus on the Lonely Runner Conjecture, posed independently by Wills and Cusick and that has multiple applications in different mathematical fields. This well-known conjecture states that for any set of runners running along the unit circle with constant different speeds and starting at the same point, there is a moment where all of them are far enough from the origin. We improve the result of Chen on the gap of loneliness by studying the time when two runners are close to the origin. We also show an invisible runner type result, extending a result of Czerwinski and Grytczuk.
Mitjana, Margarida. "Propagació d'informació en grafs i digrafs que modelen xarxes d'interconnexió simètriques". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/315841.
Pełny tekst źródłaSalas, Piñón Julián. "On the structure of graphs without short cycles". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/124508.
Pełny tekst źródłaLuiz, Danilo Cardoso Rodrigues. "A complementaridade dos pensamentos narrativo e matemático na gestação da teoria da relatividade geral". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81131/tde-11092015-143857/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work assumes that investigate the language and thoughts involved in scientific processes of creating, in the scientist process of interpretation facing the nature phenomena, can reveal how to work the science in the classroom so that the epistemological features of this knowledge are taken into account. Taking this into account, our work takes an epistemological perspective. When we think in high school, in particular, we have the indication that one of the difficulties faced by students is related to the formalization of scientific knowledge. This is even stronger in physics, which mathematics plays important role. But what is the epistemological role of mathematics to physics? The scientist is able to physically interpret nature only using formal languages and thoughts, especially structured by mathematics? Our hypothesis is that the answer to this question is negative. We find the psychologist Jerome Bruner ideas a way to send our discussion. From his ideas, and our longing to investigate whether thoughts and languages that are not strictly formal play an important role in building physics, raised the question: What is the role of narrative and mathematics in physical construction? To outline a possible answer to this question, we take as the context of our research some \"chapters\" of the construction of the General Theory of Relativity. Our investigation has shown that important thought experiments in the development of this theory were built from the narrative and mathematical thoughts. We understand that these two modes of thought presented in a complementary manner in the context studied.
Silva, Giliad de Souza. "Teoria monetária marxista : análise do estado das artes". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61932.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation aims to compare the reading of the several Marxist authors works with concept of Money in its most basic sense. Furthermore, it also aims outline a theoretical place to formulate a specifically monetary theory Marxist, namely, expose the current state of the art of the Marxist theory of money. To do this, it is necessary to find similarities and differences conceptual. The major objective of the inquiry is expose the most significant expose the most understanding existing positions on the matter of money, instead of presenting a point of view itself. In this sense, main task is to synthesize the various compressions Marxists on the Money category. For this, it was necessary to expose the debate by subject, rather than building an exegesis of each author/text singly.
Castellanos, Carrazana Abel. "Performance model for hybrid MPI+OpenMP master/worker applications". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283403.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the current environment, various branches of science are in need of auxiliary high-performance computing to obtain relatively short-term results. This is mainly due to the high volume of information that needs to be processed and the computational cost demanded by these calculations. The benefit to performing this processing using distributed and parallel programming mechanisms is that it achieves shorter waiting times in obtaining the results. To support this, there are basically two widespread programming models: the model of message passing based on the standard libraries MPI and the shared memory model with the use of OpenMP. Hybrid applications are those that combine both models in order to take the specific potential of parallelism of each one in each case. Unfortunately, experience has shown that using this combination of models does not necessarily guarantee an improvement in the behavior of applications. There are several parameters that must be considered to determine the configuration of the application that provides the best execution time. The number of process that must be used,the number of threads on each node, the data distribution among processes and threads, and so on, are parameters that seriously affect the performance of the application. On the one hand, the appropriate value of such parameters depends on the architectural features of the system (communication latency, communication bandwidth, cache memory size and architecture, computing capabilities, etc.), and, on the other hand, on the features of the application. The main contribution of this thesis is a novel technique for predicting the performance and efficiency of parallel hybrid Master/Worker applications. This technique is known as model-based regression trees into the field of machine learning. The experimental results obtained allow us to be optimistic about the use of this algorithm for predicting both metrics and to select the best application execution parameters.
Nascimento, Danilo Borim do. "Natação em espaços curvos via teoria de calibre". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306425.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T04:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_DaniloBorimdo_M.pdf: 2195612 bytes, checksum: 9db76fa3dc3fca1c9128da411fe240b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: No espaço euclidiano, deformações de corpos quase-rígidos podem gerar rotações globais líquidas que obedecem, em cada instante, a lei de conservação do momento angular (o problema do gato caindo é um exemplo). Em espaços curvos, um ciclo de deformações de um corpo pode gerar não só rotações, mas também translações globais. Este fenômeno é conhecido como efeito swimming, ou natação. Avron e Kenneth apresentaram recentemente um modelo físico para descrever este fenômeno [Avron JE, Kenneth O, New J. Phys. 8, 68 (2006)]. Os autores tratam de corpos compostos por um conjunto de massas puntiformes em variedades estáticas (no contexto não-relativístico) e calculam o deslocamento obtido por um ciclo de deformações infinitesimais. Tal deslocamento é então relacionado, no caso de corpos pequenos, à curvatura do espaço ambiente. Nesta dissertação, propomos uma nova formulação para o efeito swimming utilizando formalismo de fibrados e conexões. O espaço de configurações do sistema é descrito como o espaço total de um fibrado principal, cujo espaço base é dado pelo espaço dos formatos do sistema e o grupo estrutural é (essencialmente) dado pelas isometrias da variedade ambiente. Dotando o fibrado de uma conexão que carrega consigo a informação sobre as leis físicas de conservação, expressamos o ciclo de deformações como uma curva fechada no espaço base, o movimento do corpo como o levantamento horizontal desta curva e o deslocamento resultante como a holonomia da mesma. Por meio deste formalismo, sistematizamos o cálculo do deslocamento gerado por ciclos de deformações arbitrárias, além de obter, em cada instante e analiticamente, a evolução temporal do sistema em questão
Abstract: In Euclidean space, cyclic deformations of quasi-rigid bodies can lead to net global rotations even though they satisfy, at each moment, the angular momentum conservation law (the falling cat problem is an example). In curved spaces, cyclic changes in the body shape can also lead to rotations, but also to global translations. This phenomenon is known as the swimming effect. In a recent work, Avron and Kenneth developed a formalism to describe this phenomenon in the non-relativistic context [Avron JE, Kenneth O, New J. Phys. 8, 68 (2006)], which may be used to calculate the net displacement caused by an infinitesimal cycle of deformations of a given body. This displacement is then related, for small swimmers, to the curvature of the ambient space. In the present work, we propose a new formulation for the swimming effect in terms of principal bundles and connections. The configuration space of the system is described by the total space of a principal bundle, whose base space is given by the space of shapes of the body and whose structural group is (essentially) given by the isometries of the ambient manifold. A given deformation cycleof the body then corresponds to a loop in the base space. By defining a connection in this bundle which conveys the physical conservation laws of the system, the corresponding physical motion of the body is then given by the horizontal lift of this curve in the base space, while the net displacement of the body is given by the holonomy associated with this loop. As a result we obtain, in a systematical way, the displacement generated by arbitrary deformation cycles and we get, for each instant of time, the time evolution of the system analytically
Mestrado
Geometria e Topologia
Mestre em Matemática
Carvalho, Aurora Tomazini de. "Teoria geral do direito: o constructivismo lógico-semântico". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8649.
Pełny tekst źródłaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The purpose of this thesis is to apply the presuppositions of Logical-Semantic-Constructivist Theory to the development of a General Theory of Law. Philosophically inspired and using as instruments the Linguistic Turn, Semiotics, the Theory of Value, an analytic approach and, mainly, the teachings of PAULO DE BARROS CARVALHO, the founding concepts which recur throughout every segment of Law, are thought out and structured in this work for the edification of a Theory that explains then in light of these fundaments. The general categories are observed, taking into account the three sectional cuts for the delimitation of Law, well delineated in the work of PAULO DE BARROS CARVALHO: (i) a set of valid juridical norms; (ii) materialized in prescriptive language; and (iii) impregnated with value. With a critical view toward constructions produced by traditional legal doctrine, once the basis of Logical-Semantic-Constructivism has been set, the work presents in an invitation to philosophical reflection: (i) a Theory of the Juridical Norm, that analyzes the structure and content of the units of positive law; (ii) a Theory of Incidence, that studies the application of juridical norms and the resulting effects caused to the juridical system; and (iii) a Theory of the Juridical System, that explains how relationships are formed between juridical norms in the conformation of a positive law system, how they arise, how they come to integrate such system, how they produce effects and how they cease to pertain to the system. With the conjunction of these three theories, immersed in Logical-Semantic-Constructivist thought, the work offers up a General Theory of Law, a perspective on the categories existing in all the methodologically sectioned parts of legal knowledge, which can be molded into such a philosophical concept
A proposta desta tese é aplicar os pressupostos da Teoria do Constructivismo Lógico-Semântico na construção de uma Teoria Geral do Direito. Sob forte inspiração filosófica, tendo como instrumento o Giro-Lingüístico, a Semiótica, a Teoria dos Valores, uma postura analítica e, principalmente, os ensinamentos de PAULO DE BARROS CARVALHO, os conceitos fundantes, que se repetem em todos os segmentos do direito, são pensados e estruturados, neste trabalho, para edificação de uma Teoria que os explique sob estes fundamentos. As categorias gerais são observadas tendo-se em conta três recortes para delimitação do direito, bem delimitados na obra de PAULO DE BARROS CARVALHO: (i) constituir-se este num conjunto de normas jurídicas válidas; (ii) que se materializa em linguagem prescritiva; (iii) impregnada de valor. Com visão crítica às construções realizadas pela doutrina tradicional, depois de fixados os pressupostos do Constructivismo Lógico-Semântico, num convite à reflexão filosófica do direito, o trabalho apresenta: (i) uma Teoria da Norma Jurídica, que se volta à análise da estrutura e conteúdo das unidades do direito positivo; (ii) uma Teoria da Incidência, que estuda a aplicação das normas jurídicas e os efeitos dela decorrentes na ordem jurídica; e (iii) uma Teoria do Ordenamento Jurídico, que explica como se estabelecem as relações entre as normas jurídicas na conformação do sistema do direito posto, como elas surgem, passam a integrar tal sistema, a produzir efeitos dentro dele e como elas deixam de a ele pertencer. Com a junção destas três teorias, imersas nas idéias do Constructivismo Lógico-Semântico o trabalho oferece uma Teoria Geral do Direito, um ponto de vista sobre as categorias constantes em todas as frações metodologicamente recortadas do saber jurídico, que se amolda a tal concepção filosófica
De, la Cruz Raúl. "Leveraging performance of 3D finite difference schemes in large scientific computing simulations". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325139.
Pełny tekst źródłaAtrás quedaron los días en los que ingenieros y científicos realizaban sus experimentos empíricamente. Durante esas décadas, se llevaban a cabo ensayos reales para verificar la robustez y fiabilidad de productos venideros y probar modelos teóricos. Con la llegada de la era computacional, la computación científica se ha convertido en una solución factible comparada con métodos empíricos, en términos de esfuerzo, coste y fiabilidad. Los supercomputadores han reducido el tiempo de las simulaciones y han mejorado los resultados numéricos gracias al refinamiento del dominio. Diversos métodos numéricos coexisten para resolver las Ecuaciones Diferenciales Parciales (EDPs). Métodos como Elementos Finitos (EF) y Volúmenes Finitos (VF) están bien adaptados para tratar problemas donde las mallas no estructuradas son frecuentes. Desafortunadamente, esta flexibilidad no se confiere de forma gratuita. Estos esquemas conllevan latencias más altas debido al acceso irregular de datos. En cambio, el esquema de Diferencias Finitas (DF) ha demostrado ser una solución eficiente cuando las mallas estructuradas se adaptan a los requerimientos. Esta tesis se enfoca en mejorar los esquemas DF para impulsar el rendimiento de las simulaciones en la computación científica. Se proponen diferentes técnicas, como el Semi-stencil, un nuevo algoritmo que incrementa el ratio de FLOP/Byte para operadores de stencil de orden medio y alto reduciendo los accesos y promoviendo el reuso de datos. El algoritmo es ortogonal y puede ser combinado con técnicas como spatial- o time-blocking, añadiendo mejoras adicionales. Las nuevas tendencias hacia sistemas con procesadores multi-simétricos (SMP) -donde decenas de cores son replicados en el mismo procesador- plantean nuevos retos debido a la exacerbación del problema del ancho de memoria. Para paliar este problema, nuestra investigación se centra en estrategias para reducir la presión en la jerarquía de cache, particularmente cuando diversos threads comparten recursos debido a Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT). Introducimos diversos planificadores de descomposición de dominios para balancear la carga asegurando resultados casi óptimos sin poner en riesgo el rendimiento global. Combinamos estos planificadores con técnicas de spatial-blocking y auto-tuning, explorando el espacio paramétrico y reduciendo los fallos en la cache de último nivel. Como alternativa a los métodos de fuerza bruta usados en auto-tuning donde un espacio paramétrico se debe recorrer para encontrar un candidato, los modelos de rendimiento son una solución factible. Los modelos de rendimiento pueden predecir el rendimiento en diferentes arquitecturas, seleccionando parámetros suboptimos casi de forma instantánea. En esta tesis, ideamos un modelo de rendimiento para stencils flexible y extensible. El modelo es capaz de soportar arquitecturas multi-core incluyendo características complejas como prefetchers, SMT y optimizaciones algorítmicas. Nuestro modelo puede ser usado no solo para predecir los tiempos de ejecución, sino también para tomar decisiones de los mejores parámetros algorítmicos. Además, puede ser incluido en optimizadores run-time para decidir la mejor configuración SMT. Algunas industrias confían en técnicas DF para sus códigos. Sin embargo, no todos los aspectos que aparecen en la industria han sido sometidos a investigación. En este aspecto, hemos diseñado e implementado desde cero una infraestructura DF que cubre las características más importantes que una aplicación industrial debe incluir. Algunas de las técnicas de optimización propuestas en esta tesis han sido incluidas para contribuir en el rendimiento global a nivel industrial. Mostramos resultados de un par de aplicaciones estratégicas para la industria: un modelo de transporte atmosférico que simula la dispersión de ceniza volcánica y un modelo de imagen sísmica usado en la industria del petroleo y gas para identificar reservas ricas en hidrocarburos
Sales, i. Inglès Vicenç. "Aportaciones al estudio de los sistemas electorales". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385426.
Pełny tekst źródłaUna cuestión importante que las sociedades modernas deben decidir es la elección de algunos individuos que los representen y puedan asimismo tomar ciertas decisiones. Los mecanismos encargados de hacer esto se llaman Sistemas Electorales. De hecho, existen muchos y son muy diferentes. En este trabajo, presentamos algunas ideas para analizamos matemáticamente. El primer capítulo es un análisis global de los sistemas electorales. Comienza con la definición de sistema electoral --con la ayuda de la Teoría de Probabilidades-- y la introducción de los ejemplos simples más importantes que hay. Después definimos dos operaciones para los sistemas electorales, con lo que obtenemos dos generalizaciones diferentes de cada uno de los ejemplos. Introducimos también algunas propiedades importantes que pueden poseer los sistemas electorales --superaditividad, monotonía, crecimiento y estabilidad-- y estudiamos cuáles de los ejemplos las poseen y el comportamiento de dichas propiedades respecto de las operaciones anteriormente definidas. Finalmente, la estabilidad nos proporciona la posibilidad de definir los sistemas electorales mayoritarios y proporcionales. En el segundo capítulo estudiamos los sistemas electorales desde el punto de vista individual. En tal sentido, introducimos las expectativas electorales, obtenidas fijando el vector de votos de una candidatura arbitraria. Seguidamente, estudiamos su relación con las operaciones anteriormente definidas y terminamos el capítulo introduciendo algunas propiedades de tipo individual que los sistemas electorales pueden poseer y analizando qué sucede cuando consideramos las operaciones anteriores. El tercer capítulo trata sobre un parámetro introducido para evaluar si una candidatura cualquiera resulta beneficiada o no por un sistema electoral. La forma de hacerlo ha sido considerar la media de las expectativas electorales introducidas en el segundo capítulo. Obtenemos de esta forma el concepto de expectativa electoral media. Y finalizamos el capítulo estudiando de nuevo su comportamiento respecto de las operaciones y los ejemplos introducidos. En el cuarto capítulo analizamos tres cuestiones sobre juegos de mayoría ponderada que serán utilizados en el capítulo siguiente: otra forma de definirlos, una nueva operación entre ellos y su convergencia. Finalmente, en el quinto capítulo substituimos el número de respresentantes de cada candidatura por su índice de poder de Shapley-Shubik y estudiamos los sistemas electorales utilizando este nuevo indicador. De esta forma, obtenemos el concepto de sistema de poder y, análogamente, los de expectativa de poder y expectativa de poder media. E introducimos algunas propiedades nuevas sobre cada uno de los conceptos anteriores y analizamos también su relación con las propiedades análogas de los sistemas electorales.
Font, Valverde Martí. "Bayesian analysis of textual data". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384329.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis I develop statistical methodology for analyzing discrete data to be applied to stylometry problems, always with the Bayesian approach in mind. The statistical analysis of literary style has long been used to characterize the style of texts and authors, and to help settle authorship attribution problems. Early work in the literature used word length, sentence length, and proportion of nouns, articles, adjectives or adverbs to characterize literary style. I use count data that goes from the frequency of word frequency, to the simultaneous analysis of word length counts and more frequent function words counts. All of them are characteristic features of the style of author and at the same time rather independent of the context in which he writes. Here we intrude a Bayesian Analysis of word frequency counts, that have a reverse J-shaped distribution with extraordinarily long upper tails. It is based on extending Sichel's non-Bayesian methodology for frequency count data using the inverse gaussian Poisson model. The model is checked by exploring the posterior distribution of the Pearson errors and by implementing posterior predictive consistency checks. The posterior distribution of the inverse gaussian mixing density also provides a useful interpretation, because it can be seen as an estimate of the vocabulary distribution of the author, from which measures of richness and of diversity of the author's writing can be obtained. An alternative analysis is proposed based on the inverse gaussian-zero truncated Poisson mixture model, which is obtained by switching the order of the mixing and the truncation stages. An analysis of the heterogeneity of the style of a text is proposed that strikes a compromise between change-point, that analyze sudden changes in style, and cluster analysis, that does not take order into consideration. Here an analysis is proposed that strikes a compromise by incorporating the fact that parts of the text that are close together are more likely to belong to the same author than parts of the text far apart. The approach is illustrated by revisiting the authorship attribution of Tirant lo Blanc. A statistical analysis of the heterogeneity of literary style in a set of texts that simultaneously uses different stylometric characteristics, like word length and the frequency of function words, is proposed. It clusters the rows of all contingency tables simultaneously into groups with homogeneous style based on a finite mixture of sets of multinomial models. That has some advantages over the usual heuristic cluster analysis approaches as it naturally incorporates the text size, the discrete nature of the data, and the dependence between categories. All is illustrated with the analysis of the style in plays by Shakespeare, El Quijote, and Tirant lo Blanc. Finally, authorship attribution and verification problems that are usually treated separately are treated jointly. That is done by assuming an open-set classification framework for attribution problems, contemplating the possibility that neither one of the candidate authors, with training texts known to have been written by them is the author of the disputed texts. Then the verification problem becomes a special case of attribution problems.A formal Bayesian multinomial model for this more general authorship attribution is given and a closed form solution for it is derived. The approach to the verification problem is illustrated by exploring whether a court ruling sentence could have been written by the judge that signs it or not, and the approach to the attribution problem illustrated by exploring whether a court ruling sentence could have been written by the judge that signs it or not, and the approach to the attribution problem is illustrated by revisiting the authority attribution
Brum, Mara Lucia Teixeira. "A Pedagogia Social em Pestalozzi: teoria e prática pedagógicas". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3198.
Pełny tekst źródłaApproved for entry into archive by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-16T23:25:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) BRUM, Mara Lucia Teixeira.pdf: 1428459 bytes, checksum: dbcd6123cfcae92bbb254261efa34668 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-02-24T20:03:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 BRUM, Mara Lucia Teixeira.pdf: 1428459 bytes, checksum: dbcd6123cfcae92bbb254261efa34668 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-24T20:03:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 BRUM, Mara Lucia Teixeira.pdf: 1428459 bytes, checksum: dbcd6123cfcae92bbb254261efa34668 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-29
Sem bolsa
A dissertação apresenta a Pedagogia Social em Pestalozzi, sua teoria e prática pedagógica. A fim de cumprir tal intento, a pesquisa apresenta uma análise hermenêutica do conceito de Pedagogia Social a partir do ponto de vista da pedagogia pestalozziana. Para a realização da pesquisa sobre Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, buscamos fontes teóricas nas obras básicas do autor e de seus comentadores. A análise traça a complexidade da Pedagogia Social, olhando para o seu contexto histórico, político, econômico, educacional e social e a importância de Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi no processo de gênese da educação social. Diversas obras de autores especializados auxiliaram a mostrar o panorama e os diferentes pontos de vista sobre a definição de Pedagogia Social. O aprofundamento da investigação sustenta-se no estudo teórico e apoia-se na metodologia filosófica hermenêutica para a interpretação dos dados. A dissertação está dividida em quatro capítulos, organizados da seguinte forma: no primeiro capítulo, o Delineamento da Pesquisa, que mostra a trajetória da pesquisadora, antecedentes históricos da investigação e a metodologia utilizada. O segundo apresenta a teoria de Pestalozzi como uma prática precursora da Pedagogia Social, mostrando o mundo em que viveu, seu método pedagógico, as bases teóricas a que se filiou e as implicações dessa filiação, no contexto da secularização, para a Pedagogia Social. No terceiro e no quarto capítulos, o legado de Pestalozzi com uma ascendência positiva no desenvolvimento da Pedagogia Social com seu método intuitivo e sua proposta da tríade a ser atingida pela formação (cabeça, coração e mãos) são descritos. Com o intuito de caracterizar tal influência, narramos a trajetória da educação no século XVIII, mostramos a concepção de educação social pestalozziana e demarcamos o nascimento da Pedagogia Social como teoria e prática. Por último, quando trazemos as palavras finais sobre a pesquisa, conclui-se que, com base na investigação realizada, o trabalho social/educação social/Pedagogia Social são frutos das ações pestalozzianas de unir educação e trabalho, com o fito de melhorar as condições de vida dos sujeitos na sociedade. Dentre outros resultados encontrados, é possível destacar que a Pedagogia Social encontra-se em busca de seu campo específico de atuação, utiliza-se da herança deixada por Pestalozzi que poderá ser uma forte aliada da educação formal no Programa Mais educação do Governo Federal, implantado em 2008, no Brasil, onde o modelo de educação pestalozziano aparece claramente como proposta de complementação para uma educação integral.
The dissertation introduces the Social Pedagogy in Pestalozzi, his theory and pedagogical practice. In order to purpose, the research presents a hermeneutic analysis of the Social Pedagogy concept , from the point of view of pestalozzian pedagogy. For the research on Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, we sought for theoretical sources in basic works of the author and his commentators. The analysis traces the complexity of Social Pedagogy, looking at its historical, political, economical, educational and social context as well as the importance of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi in the genesis of social education process. Several works of expert authors helped to show the panorama and the different views on definition of Social Pedagogy. The research’s background is sustained in theoretical study and holds up on hermeneutical philosophic methodology for data interpretations. The dissertation is divided into four chapters, organized as follows: in the first chapter, the Lineation Research, which shows the trajectory of the researcher, historical preceeding of investigation and the used methodology. The second introduces Pestalozzi’s theory as a forerunner practice of Social Pedagogy, showing the world he lived in, his pedagogical method, the theoretical foundations that joined his filiation and the implications, in secularization context, for Social Pedagogy. In the third chapter, Pestalozzi’s legacy with a positive ascendance in development of social pedagogy with his intuitive method and his triad proposed to be achieved by the formation (head, heart and hands) is described. In order to characterize such influence, we tell the history of education in the eighteenth century, we show pestalozzian social education concept and demarcate the birth of Social Pedagogy as theory and practice. Finally, we bring the final words about research: social work, social education, and social pedagogy are pestalozzians’ effect of actions to unite education and work, with the purpose of subjects better life conditions in the society. Among other results, it is possible to highlight that Social Pedagogy is looking for your particular field of work and we can realize that Pestalozzi’s legacy can be a strong ally of formal education of Federal Government’s Programa Mais Educação deployed in 2008, in Brazil, where pestalozzian model education clearly appears as a proposal to complement a comprehensive education.
Pinto, Marcio Morena. "A legitimidade do estado civil na teoria política de Jean-Jacques Rousseau". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-17022011-112121/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this work is to focus the theme of legitimacy of the civil State on Jean-Jacques Rousseau´s Social Contract, analyzing the construction and development of his political theory, as well as his most important concepts related with it.
Vizzotto, Juliana Kaizer. "Structuring general and complete quantum computations in Haskell : the arrows approach". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13154.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuantum computation can be understood as transformation of information encoded in the state of a quantum physical system. The basic idea behind quantum computation is to encode data using quantum bits (qubits). Differently from the classical bit, the qubit can be in a superposition of basic states leading to “quantum parallelism”, which is an important characteristic of quantum computation since it can greatly increase the speed processing of algorithms. However, quantum data types are computationally very powerful not only due to superposition. There are other odd properties like measurement and entangled. In this thesis we argue that a realistic model for quantum computations should be general with respect to measurements, and complete with respect to the information flow between the quantum and classical worlds. We thus explain and structure general and complete quantum programming in Haskell using well known constructions from classical semantics and programming languages, like monads and arrows. In more detail, this thesis focuses on the following contributions. Monads and Arrows. Quantum parallelism, entanglement, and measurement certainly go beyond “pure” functional programming. We have shown that quantum parallelism can be modelled using a slightly generalisation of monads called indexed monads, or Kleisli structures. We have also build on this insight and showed that quantum measurement can be explained using a more radical generalisation of monads, the so-called arrows, more specifically, indexed arrows, which we define in this thesis. This result connects “generic” and “complete” quantum features to well-founded semantics constructions and programming languages. Understanding of Interpretations of QuantumMechanics as Computational Effects. In a thought experiment, Einsten, Podolsky, and Rosen demonstrate some counter-intuitive consequences of quantum mechanics. The basic idea is that two entangled particles appear to always communicate some information even when they are separated by arbitrarily large distances. There has been endless debate and papers on this topic, but it is interesting that, as proposed by Amr Sabry, this strangeness can be essentially modelled by assignments to global variables. We build on that, and model this strangeness using the general notions of computational effects embodied in monads and arrows. Reasoning about Quantum Programs Using Algebraic Laws. We have developed a preliminary work to do equational reasoning about quantum algorithms written in a pure sublanguage of a functional quantum programming language, called QML.
Moerup, Casper Jacob. "Prediction of claim cost in general insurance". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18176.
Pełny tekst źródłaO trabalho seguinte foi realizado durante uma colocação de estágio na If Industrial P & C Insurance, em Estocolmo, na Suécia. Este relatório destaca e discute algumas das diferenças entre o seguro industrial e privado e percorre o processo de “Análise do Ano Normal”. A análise avalia os dados das reivindicações com o objetivo de projetar as perdas em um ano no futuro. A Teoria do Risco Colectivo e a Estimação da Máxima Verossimilhança são utilizadas para obter uma estimativa da gravidade das reivindicações. Além disso, as reservas são estimadas usando o método Chain-ladder. A seção final do relatório descreve uma análise de sensibilidade de um modelo para as reservas de ajuste de sinistros. Esta análise mostra o impacto da introdução de dois novos parâmetros, o que explica a parte já desenvolvida das reivindicações abertas.
The following work was carried out during an internship placement at If Industrial P&C Insurance in Stockholm, Sweden. This report highlights and discusses some of the differences between Industrial and Private insurance and walks through the “Normal Year Analysis”-procedure. The analysis assesses the claims data with the goal of projecting the losses one year into the future. Collective Risk Theory and Maximum Likelihood Estimation is used to obtain an estimate of the severity of the claims. In addition, the reserves are estimated, using the Chain-ladder method. The final section of the report describes a sensitivity analysis of a model for the Claims Adjustment Reserves. This analysis shows the impact of introducing two new parameters, which accounts for the already developed part of the open claims.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Almeida, Adriano Pereira de. "As normas jurídicas tributárias sancionadoras: a perspectiva da teoria geral do direito". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-08122014-154352/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis paper aims to study and discuss the issue of punitive tax legal standards, a study commissioned by the prospect of General Theory of Law. Despite the recent proliferation of sanctioning forecasts with its genesis in the right tax or indirect breach of legal rules, there are few scientific studies to address the issue in-depth. Only few investigations will define a concept, discuss about its structure as syntactic homogeneity, set goals to its limits or charging taxpayers turn to propose allocations of topic categories in the study, among other tasks to which they devote one generalizing research. In this way, this thesis aimed to organize and systematize the scientific studies on the subject in a coherent and harmonious way, deepening them as much as possible. To this end, after defining the concept and the object of this research, this paper took care of the historic, of the purposes and of the vehicles responsible for introducing the legal standards, measures that were necessary to, respectively, point out which were its historical-normative origins and its evolutionary path, and, also, which were its mediate and immediate purposes and the instruments capable to transmit its abstract and general and also specific and concrete previsions in the repertoire of legal forecasts. In sequence, the penalties transmitted by these standards were classified, making possible for the identification of common characteristics that enable the allocation of these standards in groups for educational research purposes, and then spell out in detail their most frequent species. The next moment was dedicated to define the main rule of incidence of these standards, necessary investigation for the understanding of its syntactic homogeneity investigation. Finally, this paper took care of the limits to the institution and implementation of these standards by providing subsidies to the legislator and to the enforcer of law for their respective labors of creation and positivization of these standards, ending this work with the conclusions.
Bordoni, Rafael de Lima. "Minimal walks and applications". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-15022019-215130/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPasseios mínimos são um método de demonstrações em teoria dos conjuntos e topologia geral. Apesar do trabalho principal dessa dissertação ser a existência do L espaço, a intenção é explicar os fundamentos dos passeios mínimos um tanto detalhadamente.
Vasconcelos, Raphael Carvalho de. "Teoria geral do estado aplicada à unidade sistêmica do direito internacional". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-11022015-125147/.
Pełny tekst źródłaConsidering the debate on its legal character overcome, international law is nowadays confronted with perspectives challenging its systemic character. The examination of the nature of concepts used by the fragmentary theories of international law which tend to destabilize its unity was adopted as a theoretical starting point of this study. Politics and law conform concepts that not only interact, but often equal themselves. It is proposed to investigate to what extent traditional legal structures as those of the general theory of the state could contribute to the institutionalization of international law. The work is performed under the deductive-inductive method of research. From the theoretical frameworks established by the general theory of the state and its use on international law and on the fragmentary doctrinal proposals, particular landmarks are settled, which are analyzed in search of more comprehensive and general conclusions about the relationship between politics and law. The work is divided into three distinct parts. In the initial section, the theoretical elements that outline the research are presented. In the first part of the opening chapter the perspective of law as a system is established and the preliminarily assumptions about the relationship between politics and law are presented. Afterwards, the fundamental contents of important concepts for the study are assigned. In the second chapter, the efforts are concentrated in the concepts of state and sovereignty and its importance to the law of nations. In the following section, the application of the theories studied is proposed to the comprehension of international law. At the same third chapter, the theories concerned with the organization of the state are connected to the idea of power. The questions related to the power compose the main issue of the following part of the work, which develops the concept in light of the legislative and judiciary functions to draw, than, parallels with the functions performed by the state internally and internationally. Jurisdiction deserves, finally, special attention in the last part of the chapter. In the fifth chapter, the research is concentrated on the analysis of international organizations. The personality and the capacity of the actors of the international order are then analyzed, and in a second part, the importance of dispute settlement systems in the exercise of power by such structures is researched. Finally, in the sixth chapter, a new classification of international organizations is proposed based on the existence of institutionalized systems of dispute resolution. Opening the second section of the work, the general lines of the relationship between the fragmentary theories of international law and politics are settled in the seventh chapter and then, in the eighth chapter, evidences of the conclusions established are searched in empirical evidences of regional experiences, of which Brazil is part. The ninth part of the work is dedicated to the analysis of how the general theory of the state applies to the understanding of international law and how the judicial function identified in the world order could preserve the unity of international law. In the tenth and final chapter, arguments already of conclusive character sustain that the fragmented perception of international law conforms a mere static picture of an evolutionary process.
Villaverde-Custódio, Felipe Augusto. "A matriz S em teoria quântica de campos em espaços curvos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-11062012-105359/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis master\'s thesis deals with the effect of particle creation by the curvature of space-time according to the point of view of scattering theory, discussing when such interpretation is possible by means of an S-matrix and obtaining its expression in those cases. The first chapter treats, superficially, some concepts of general relativity and quantum field theory in plane and curved space-times that are imperative to understand the construction of the S-matrix. The subject of this chapter is covered in the work of Wald, Parker, and Birrell, and follows closely the work of Bar, Wald and Hawking, when treats concepts specifically from general relativity, and from Penrose and Rindler, when talking about the spinor structure of space-time. The construction of the S-matrix is made in the second chapter, along the lines of the work of Wald. The third chapter presents some examples that bring some light on the creation of particles in specific cases of expanding space-times. This study let us verify that an S-matrix formulation is tenable, on globally hyperbolic asymptotic stationary curved space-times, if both quantum theories in the distant past and distant future are unitary equivalent, the relation of both regions is made by Bogolyubov transformations by means of everywhere defined bounded operators and that those operators satisfy the Hilbert-Schmidt condition. In those cases we derive the expression of the S-matrix for the Klein-Gordon and Dirac fields. Also we obtain the number of particles created and the probability of find particles in a particular mode, with let one make an analogy with the black body radiation, which is a fundamental step in the direction of understanding interesting phenomena in quantum field theory in curved space-times, like the Hawking radiation and particle creation in the early universe.
Argollo, de Oliveira Dias Júnior Eduardo. "Performance prediction and tuning in a multi-cluster environment". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5761.
Pełny tekst źródłaUn problema que se introduce con esta colaboración es un incremento en la heterogeneidad tanto de cómputo como de comunicación, aumentando la complejidad de dicho sistema lo que dificulta su uso.
El objetivo de esta tesis es lograr la reducción del tiempo de ejecución de aplicaciones, originalmente desarrolladas para un cluster, usando eficientemente un multi-cluster.
Proponemos una arquitectura del sistema para lograr una máquina virtual multi-cluster transparente a la aplicación que además la dota de escalabilidad y robustez tolerando los problemas de la comunicación por Internet. Esta arquitectura propone un master-worker jerárquico en el que se introducen elementos claves como los gestores de comunicación que dotan al sistema de robustez, seguridad y transparencia en las comunicaciones entre clusters a través de Internet.
Desarrollamos un modelo de prestaciones para poder hacer una estimación teórica del tiempo de ejecución y de la eficiencia de una aplicación ejecutándose en un multi-cluster. La precisión de las estimaciones es superior al 90%.
Proponemos una metodología que da un procedimiento que define los pasos para realizar la predicción del tiempo de ejecución, para garantizar un umbral de eficiencia seleccionando los recursos adecuados y para guiar a la sintonización de la aplicación encontrando los cuellos de botella de la ejecución.
Clusters of computers represent an alternative for speeding up scientific applications. Nevertheless applications grow in complexity and need more resources. The joint of distributed clusters, using Internet, in a multi-cluster can allow the resources obtainment.
A problem on reaching an effective collaboration from multiple clusters is the increase on the computation and communication heterogeneity. This factor increases the complexity of such a system bringing difficulties in its use.
The target of this thesis is to attain the reduction of the execution time of applications, originally written for a single cluster, efficiently using a multi-cluster. In order to reach this goal we propose a system architecture, an analytical model and a performance and tuning methodology.
The proposed system architecture aims to obtain a multi-cluster virtual machine, transparent to the application and that provides scalability and robustness, tolerating possible faults in the Internet communication between clusters. This architecture is organized around a hierarchical master-worker with communication managers. Communication managers are a key element responsible for the robustness, security and transparency in the communication between clusters using Internet.
The analytical performance model was developed to estimate the execution time and efficiency of an application executing in a multi-cluster. The precision on the estimations are over 90%.
The proposed performance prediction and application tuning methodology is a procedure that defines the steps to predict the execution time and efficiency, to guarantee an efficiency threshold and to guide on the application tuning, evaluating the execution bottlenecks.
Barrera, Campo Jos e. Fernando. "Multimodal Stereo from Thermal Infrared and Visible Spectrum". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117596.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent advances in thermal infrared imaging (LWIR) has allowed its use in applications beyond of military domain. Nowadays, this new sensor family is included in diverse technical and scienti c applications. They o er features that facilitate tasks, such as detection of pedestrians, hot spots, di erences in temperature, among others, which can signi cantly improve the performance of a system where the persons are expected to play the principal role. For instance, video surveillance applications, monitoring, and pedestrian detection. During this dissertation is stated the next question: Could a couple of sensors measuring di erent bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, as the visible and thermal infrared, provides depth information? Although is a complex question, we shows that a system of those characteristics is possible as well as their advantages, drawbacks, and potential opportunities. The fusion and matching of data coming from di erent sensors, as the emissions registered at visible and infrared band, represents a special challenge, because it has been showed that theses signals are weak correlated. Indeed, they are uncorrelated. Therefore, many traditional techniques of image processing and computer vision are not helpful, requiring adjustments for their correct performs in every modality. In this research is performed a experimental study that compares di erent cost functions and matching approaches, in order to build a multimodal stereo system. Furthermore, are identi ed the common problem between visible/visible and infrared/visible stereo, special in the outdoor scenes. A contribution of this dissertation is the isolation achieved, between the di erent stage that compose a multimodal stereo system. Our framework summarizes the architecture of a generic stereo algorithm, at di erent levels: computational, functional, and structural, which is successful because this can be extended toward high-level fusion (semantic) and high-order (prior). The proposed framework is intended to explore novel multimodal stereo matching approaches, going from sparse to dense representation (both disparity and depth maps). Moreover, context information is added in form of priors and assumptions. Finally, this dissertation shows a promissory way toward the integration of multiple sensors for recovering three-dimensional information.
SÁ, Elba Celestina do Nascimento. "Teoria Geral do Crime: análise do autocontrole em amostras da população geral e reclusos do sistema prisional". www.teses.ufc.br, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15110.
Pełny tekst źródłaSubmitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-01T17:20:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ecnsa.pdf: 1339588 bytes, checksum: 16c780364232875182812ae33611b068 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-03T12:51:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ecnsa.pdf: 1339588 bytes, checksum: 16c780364232875182812ae33611b068 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T12:51:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ecnsa.pdf: 1339588 bytes, checksum: 16c780364232875182812ae33611b068 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
A Teoria Geral do Crime se propõe a explicar os comportamentos desviantes, criminosos e análogos, considerando-os conjuntamente a partir de um único referencial; proposta por T. Hirschi e M. Gottfredson, a teoria traz à tona o autocontrole como um construto-chave para a explicação destes comportamentos; esse é compreendido como uma tendência estável para não aderir aos benefícios e interesses pessoais de curto prazo em detrimento de interesses pessoais e coletivos de longo prazo diante de oportunidades contingenciais. Fatores como supervisão dos pais, disciplina e afeto, são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do autocontrole; falhas nesses aspectos podem fomentar indivíduos com baixos níveis desta característica e com maior probabilidade de se envolver em comportamentos criminosos e análogos. Neste âmbito, destacam-se elementos que caracterizam o baixo autocontrole, são eles: orientação voltada para o aqui e o agora; interesse por experiências arriscadas e emocionantes; preferência por tarefas simples frente às complexas; inabilidade para planificar o comportamento e planejar objetivos em longo prazo; egocentrismo e indiferença pelas necessidades e desejos dos outros e baixa tolerância à frustração e alta frente à dor A presente dissertação objetivou testar alguns pressupostos da Teoria Geral do Crime tais como estabilidade do autocontrole, prevalência de gênero e alguns correlatos; para isso, foi realizado um estudo transversal, considerando duas amostras específicas. A primeira contou com 537 indivíduos da população geral, com idades entre 18 e 81 anos (m = 29,7; dp = 9,98), majoritariamente masculina (64,4%), solteira (68,7%), católica (51,3%) e com ensino superior incompleto (52,2%). A segunda amostra, por sua vez, foi composta por 459 reclusos oriundos do sistema penitenciário do Ceará, com idades variando entre 18 e 66 anos (m = 26,9; dp = 7,60), majoritariamente masculina (65,8%), solteira (53,3%), católica (43%) e com até ensino fundamental incompleto (53,4%). Os dados foram coletados em locais públicos e no interior dos presídios, respectivamente. Todos os participantes da pesquisa relativos à população geral, responderam à Escala de Autocontrole (EAC) e perguntas de caráter sociobiodemográfico. No que se refere à amostra de encarcerados, estes responderam, além da EAC, a um conjunto de escalas e a um questionário contendo itens referentes a diversos âmbitos da vida dos detentos, como: histórico prisional, perfil educacional, estrutura familiar, perfil laboral, experiência no sistema carcerário, indicadores de saúde mental e questões demográficas. Os procedimentos éticos, para realização da pesquisa, foram seguidos. As análises dos dados foram realizadas pelo SPSS, versão 20, para a realização de estatísticas descritivas, bem como inferenciais. No que tange aos resultados, observaram-se diferenças consideráveis nos níveis de autocontrole entre reclusos e população geral; tais diferenças também foram encontradas com relação ao gênero; ademais, foi observada estabilidade do autocontrole independentemente da idade. Não obstante às limitações, os resultados concernentes ao presente estudo propiciaram uma melhor compreensão dos elementos relacionados ao crime à luz da teoria, no sentido de promoção de conhecimento na área, partindo da testagem no âmbito brasileiro de alguns fundamentos da teoria em questão. Sugestões para estudos futuros que possam trazer contribuições teóricas pertinentes à área são destacadas.
SÃ, Elba Celestina do Nascimento. "Teoria geral do crime: anÃlise do autocontrole em amostras da populaÃÃo geral e reclusos do sistema prisional". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16035.
Pełny tekst źródłaA Teoria Geral do Crime se propÃe a explicar os comportamentos desviantes, criminosos e anÃlogos, considerando-os conjuntamente a partir de um Ãnico referencial; proposta por T. Hirschi e M. Gottfredson, a teoria traz à tona o autocontrole como um construto-chave para a explicaÃÃo destes comportamentos; esse à compreendido como uma tendÃncia estÃvel para nÃo aderir aos benefÃcios e interesses pessoais de curto prazo em detrimento de interesses pessoais e coletivos de longo prazo diante de oportunidades contingenciais. Fatores como supervisÃo dos pais, disciplina e afeto, sÃo fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do autocontrole; falhas nesses aspectos podem fomentar indivÃduos com baixos nÃveis desta caracterÃstica e com maior probabilidade de se envolver em comportamentos criminosos e anÃlogos. Neste Ãmbito, destacam-se elementos que caracterizam o baixo autocontrole, sÃo eles: orientaÃÃo voltada para o aqui e o agora; interesse por experiÃncias arriscadas e emocionantes; preferÃncia por tarefas simples frente Ãs complexas; inabilidade para planificar o comportamento e planejar objetivos em longo prazo; egocentrismo e indiferenÃa pelas necessidades e desejos dos outros e baixa tolerÃncia à frustraÃÃo e alta frente à dor A presente dissertaÃÃo objetivou testar alguns pressupostos da Teoria Geral do Crime tais como estabilidade do autocontrole, prevalÃncia de gÃnero e alguns correlatos; para isso, foi realizado um estudo transversal, considerando duas amostras especÃficas. A primeira contou com 537 indivÃduos da populaÃÃo geral, com idades entre 18 e 81 anos (m = 29,7; dp = 9,98), majoritariamente masculina (64,4%), solteira (68,7%), catÃlica (51,3%) e com ensino superior incompleto (52,2%). A segunda amostra, por sua vez, foi composta por 459 reclusos oriundos do sistema penitenciÃrio do CearÃ, com idades variando entre 18 e 66 anos (m = 26,9; dp = 7,60), majoritariamente masculina (65,8%), solteira (53,3%), catÃlica (43%) e com atà ensino fundamental incompleto (53,4%). Os dados foram coletados em locais pÃblicos e no interior dos presÃdios, respectivamente. Todos os participantes da pesquisa relativos à populaÃÃo geral, responderam à Escala de Autocontrole (EAC) e perguntas de carÃter sociobiodemogrÃfico. No que se refere à amostra de encarcerados, estes responderam, alÃm da EAC, a um conjunto de escalas e a um questionÃrio contendo itens referentes a diversos Ãmbitos da vida dos detentos, como: histÃrico prisional, perfil educacional, estrutura familiar, perfil laboral, experiÃncia no sistema carcerÃrio, indicadores de saÃde mental e questÃes demogrÃficas. Os procedimentos Ãticos, para realizaÃÃo da pesquisa, foram seguidos. As anÃlises dos dados foram realizadas pelo SPSS, versÃo 20, para a realizaÃÃo de estatÃsticas descritivas, bem como inferenciais. No que tange aos resultados, observaram-se diferenÃas considerÃveis nos nÃveis de autocontrole entre reclusos e populaÃÃo geral; tais diferenÃas tambÃm foram encontradas com relaÃÃo ao gÃnero; ademais, foi observada estabilidade do autocontrole independentemente da idade. NÃo obstante Ãs limitaÃÃes, os resultados concernentes ao presente estudo propiciaram uma melhor compreensÃo dos elementos relacionados ao crime à luz da teoria, no sentido de promoÃÃo de conhecimento na Ãrea, partindo da testagem no Ãmbito brasileiro de alguns fundamentos da teoria em questÃo. SugestÃes para estudos futuros que possam trazer contribuiÃÃes teÃricas pertinentes à Ãrea sÃo destacadas.
Roca, Vilà Jordi. "Constancy and inconstancy in categorical colour perception". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117476.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo recognise objects is perhaps the most important task an autonomous system, either biological or artificial needs to perform. In the context of human vision, this is partly achieved by recognizing the colour of surfaces despite changes in the wavelength distribution of the illumination, a property called colour constancy. Correct surface colour recognition may be adequately accomplished by colour category matching without the need to match colours precisely, therefore categorical colour constancy is likely to play an important role for object identification to be successful. The main aim of this work is to study the relationship between colour constancy and categorical colour perception. Previous studies of colour constancy have shown the influence of factors such the spatio-chromatic properties of the background, individual observer's performance, semantics, etc. However there is very little systematic study of these influences. To this end, we developed a new approach to colour constancy which includes both individual observers' categorical perception, the categorical structure of the background, and their interrelations resulting in a more comprehensive characterization of the phenomenon. In our study, we first developed a new method to analyse the categorical structure of 3D colour space, which allowed us to characterize individual categorical colour perception as well as quantify inter-individual variations in terms of shape and centroid location of 3D categorical regions. Second, we developed a new colour constancy paradigm, termed chromatic setting, which allows measuring the precise location of nine categorically-relevant points in colour space under immersive illumination. Additionally, we derived from these measurements a new colour constancy index which takes into account the magnitude and orientation of the chromatic shift, memory effects and the interrelations among colours and a model of colour naming tuned to each observer/adaptation state. Our results lead to the following conclusions: (1) There exists large inter-individual variations in the categorical structure of colour space, and thus colour naming ability varies significantly but this is not well predicted by low-level chromatic discrimination ability; (2) Analysis of the average colour naming space suggested the need for an additional three basic colour terms (turquoise, lilac and lime) for optimal colour communication; (3) Chromatic setting improved the precision of more complex linear colour constancy models and suggested that mechanisms other than cone gain might be best suited to explain colour constancy; (4) The categorical structure of colour space is broadly stable under illuminant changes for categorically balanced backgrounds; (5) Categorical inconstancy exists for categorically unbalanced backgrounds thus indicating that categorical information perceived in the initial stages of adaptation may constrain further categorical perception.
Fernandez, Alonso Eduard. "Offloading Techniques to Improve Performance on MPI Applications in NoC-Based MPSoCs". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284889.
Pełny tekst źródłaFuture embedded System-on-Chip (SoC) will probably be made up of tens or hundreds of heterogeneous Intellectual Properties (IP) cores, which will execute one parallel application or even several applications running in parallel. These systems could be possible due to the constant evolution in technology that follows the Moore’s law, which will lead us to integrate more transistors on a single dice, or the same number of transistors in a smaller dice. In embedded MPSoC systems, NoCs can provide a flexible communication infrastructure, in which several components such as microprocessor cores, MCU, DSP, GPU, memories and other IP components can be interconnected. In this thesis, firstly, we present a complete development process created for developing MPSoCs on reconfigurable clusters by complementing the current SoC development process with additional steps to support parallel programming and software optimization. This work explains systematically problems and solutions to achieve a FPGA-based MPSoC following our systematic flow and offering tools and techniques to develop parallel applications for such systems. Additionally, we show several programming models for embedded MPSoCs and propose the adoption of MPI for such systems and show some implementations created in this thesis over shared and distributed memory architectures. Finally, the focus will be set on the overhead produced by MPI library and on trying to find solutions to minimize this overhead and then be able to accelerate the execution of the application, offloading some parts of the software stack to the Network Interface Controller.
Lorentino, Sérgio Augusto Pereira. "Elementos fundamentais para uma teoria própria dos contratos de consumo". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/507.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research named Fundamental elements for an proper theory of consume contracts is the thesis presented to the PhD Program in Private Law, at Pontifícia Universidade Católica of Minas Gerais - PUC Minas. It aims at confirming the impropriety of using the “legal business” to discipline the consumer contracts. Drown on a bibliographic and jurisprudential review, the research is based on the observation that the current Brazilian legal business theory, although being developed after the Federal Constitution, and in the beginning of 21st century, is still supported by the subject’s freedom of actuation, who, as the titleholder of the autonomy, is able to decide for celebrating or not the contracts, as well as shape their content, deriving from this the juridical obligational value. Nevertheless, the study of consumer society shows that, actually, the logic of freedom cannot be applied to consumer relations, especially to the consumer, because he does not act in a market guided by the autonomy power, but by the necessity of showing relation to the products and services needed for a worthy life. Because of that, both, the legal business and contracts’ general theory, is considered inappropriate for ruling consumer contracts. Consequently, the need of a proper theory, capable of recognizing consumer contracts as a distinct phenomenon of the private contracts in general, is presented. In addition, legal mechanisms connected to its peculiarities are shown. An important paradigm, in this sense, is the study of fact contractual relations, due to their typical social behavior, that offers important reflections about the consumer’s behavior on situations like the massive traffic of certain services. In this way, some fundamental elements for creating consumer contracts are approached, based on the presupposition of the consumer contract as the promoter of a human and constitutional functionality, which results, at the end, in a definition of consumer contract, giving it a single capacity of making it different from the lato sensu contract, which is approached by private law.
Gong, Wenjuan. "3D Motion Data aided Human Action Recognition and Pose Estimation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116189.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn este trabajo se exploran el reconocimiento de acciones humanas y la estimación de su postura en secuencias de imágenes. A diferencia de las técnicas tradicionales de aprendizaje a partir de imágenes 2D o vídeo con la salida anotada, en esta Tesis abordamos este objetivo con la información de movimiento 3D capturado, que nos ayudar a cerrar el lazo entre las caracteríssticas 2D de la imagen y las interpretaciones sobre el movimiento humano.
In this work, we explore human action recognition and pose estimation problems. Different from traditional works of learning from 2D images or video sequences and their annotated output, we seek to solve the problems with additional 3D motion capture information, which helps to fill the gap between 2D image features and human interpretations.
García, Alfaro Joaquín. "Platform of intrusion management design and implementation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3053.
Pełny tekst źródłaEsta tesis ha sido principalmente financiada por la Agencia de Gestión y Ayudas Universitarias y de Investigación (AGAUR) del Departamento de Universidades, Investigación y Sociedad de la Información (DURSI) de la Generalitat de Catalunya (num. de referencia 2003FI00126). El trabajo ha sido conjuntamente realizado en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona y la Ecole Nationale Superieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne.
Palabras clave: Políticas de seguridad, detección de intrusos, contramedidas, correlación de eventos, comunicación publish/subscribe, control de acceso, protección de componentes.
Since computer infrastructures are currently getting more vulnerable than ever, traditional security mechanisms are still necessary but not suficient. We need to design effective response techniques to circumvent intrusions when they are detected. We present in this dissertation the design of a platform which is intended to act as a central point to analyze and verify network security policies, and to control and configure -without anomalies or errors- both prevention and detection security components. We also present in our work a response mechanism based on a library that implements different types of countermeasures. The objective of such a mechanism is to be a support tool in order to help the administrator to choose, in this library, the appropriate counter-measure when a given intrusion occurs. We finally present an infrastructure for the communication between the components of our platform, as well as a mechanism for the protection of such components. All these approaches and proposals have been implemented and evaluated. We present the obtained results within the respectives sections of this dissertation.
This thesis has mainly been funded by the Agency for Administration of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) of the Ministry of Education and Universities (DURSI) of the Government of Catalonia (reference number 2003FI00126). The research was jointly carried out at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and at the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne.
Keywords: Security policies, intrusion detection, response, counter-measures, event correlation, communication publish/subscribe, access control, components protection.
Magalhães, Mônica de Avelar Figueiredo Mafra. "A contribuição da geomática na geografia da saúde sob uma abordagem da teoria geral de sistemas". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5678.
Pełny tekst źródłaMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T13:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Volume_Final.pdf: 2681639 bytes, checksum: e5bcf9ba15caf1e974a4866485d60266 (MD5)
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
O conjunto de técnicas de Geomática tem sido um poderoso aliado no apoio à tomada de decisões e manipulação de dados espaciais. Nas últimas décadas tornou-se quase indispensável na gestão de recursos humanose recursos naturais. Na área da Saúde, a Geomática tem viabilizado estudos sobre: análise da distribuiçãode pacientes; variações na ocorrência de epidemias; monitoramento de vetores; avaliação em tempo real de situações de emergência ou catastróficas, entre outros. A associação da Medicina com a Geografia é antiga. A associação entre a saúde e a espacialização das doenças deve considerar a estruturação física do espaço geográfico a partir da caracterização de cada parte componente do sistema como preconiza a perspectiva sistêmica na Teoria Geral de Sistema, pois a população é parte integrante do espaço geográfico no qual ocorrem determinados agravos à saúde. Nestes pontos recai a relevância da presente pesquisa. O estudo foi desenvolvido na área da Bacia Hidrográfica de Jacarepaguá no município do Rio de Janeiro. Com aproximadamente 295 km2 é composta por 19 bairros e tem uma população aproximada de 682000 habitantes. O estudo pretendeu estruturar uma metodologia para inserção das técnicas de Geomática na prática de análises de dados de saúde, apoiada na Teoria Geral de Sistemas, visando contribuir no processo de vigilânciaambiental em saúde permitindo realizar um prognóstico de situações de risco de determinada população. A base cartográfica que apoiou o estudo foi construída através de cartas topográficas da DSG na escala 1:50000. Das cartas foram retiradas informações de planimetria relevantes ao estudo e as informações de altimetria que foram utilizadas na elaboraçãodo modelo digital de terreno (MDT). Com o MDT foi gerado o mapa de declividade por grau que permitiu criar divisões em 5 classes para posterior geração de mapas temáticos com osdados de saúde. Os dados de saúde foram retirados do Sistema de Informações de Notificação de Agravos (SINAN) disponibilizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. A doença analisada foi a leptospirose. Os casos foram localizados pontualmente a partir dos endereços de residência. A hipótese aventada neste estudo era a existência de um alto grau de correlação entre as partes componentes representadas pela estruturação física do espaço e a ocorrência de leptospirose. Com os resultados comprovou-se a hipótese nula, pois somente ocorrem doenças em áreas associadas ao Fundo Chato da Baixada de Jacarepaguá e nos Declives Suavesdos Morros Isolados, também localizados no Subsistema Baixada. Isto demonstra que em termos desta doença existe uma ausência de população nesta componente espacial em áreas de maiores declividades.
The collection of Geomatics’techniques has been a powerful allied to support space data decisions and handling. Last decade, it almost became essential to human and natural resources management. For health, Geomatics has made feasible some researches, such as: analyses about patients’ distribution, epidemics occurrence variation, vector tracking, assessment about emergency or catastrophic situations in real time, among others. The association between Medicine and Geography isold. The association between health and spacialization of diseases may consider the physical structure of geographic space from characterization of each system’s component part as the systemic perspective spreads in General System Theory seeing that the population is part of geographic space which occur some health disorders. Therefore, these facts are the importance of this research that was developed in Baixada de Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro. This place has approximately 295 Km2 and it is compounded by 19 neighborhoods which have an estimate of 682000 inhabitants. The research intended to structure a methodology to insert Geomatics’ techniques into practice of health data analyses, supported by General System Theory, aiming to contribute in the process of environmental monitoring in health which allows a prognosis about situations of risks of certain population. The basic mapping that supported this study was built by topographic charts of DSG on the scale 1:50000. From these charts, planimetry details were taken off and also altimetry information that were used in the development of digital terrain model (DTM). With DTM, the slope mapping by percentage was done and it allowed the creation of compartments in five classes for subsequent generation of thematic maps with health data. The data of this study were found in health information systems released by the Ministry of Health. The analyzed disease was leptospirosis. And its cases were located from addresses of residence. The hypothesis raisedhere was the existence of high correlation among component parts represented by physicalstructure of space and the occurrence of leptospirosis. By the results, it was proved the void hypothesis because diseases only happen in areas which are associated with plain area of the coastal bas of Jacarepaguá and the suave hillside of the hillock, both in subsystem coastal bas. It demonstrates that in terms of leptospirosis, an absence of population exists at this space component in areas of major steepness.
Fachel, Tatiana Aguirres. "Estratégia de sustentabilidade ambiental: o caso da General Motors do Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11557.
Pełny tekst źródłaApproved for entry into archive by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br) on 2014-03-25T12:35:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Estratégia de Sustentabilidade Ambiental_GM do Brasil_versão final.pdf: 2893944 bytes, checksum: 0d62433ecc43f4c7ecf5c6de7afc0a7e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-25T12:56:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Estratégia de Sustentabilidade Ambiental_GM do Brasil_versão final.pdf: 2893944 bytes, checksum: 0d62433ecc43f4c7ecf5c6de7afc0a7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25
O presente estudo visa contribuir com as discussões sobre estratégia de sustentabilidade de empresas. Este investigou os fatores determinantes na formação da estratégia de sustentabilidade ambiental de um importante player da indústria automobilística nacional, procurando responder: 'Por que predominam as eco-inovações em processos produtivos no posicionamento estratégico para sustentabilidade da GM do Brasil em relação a eco-inovações em produto?'. Como referencial teórico foram considerados os conceitos de desenvolvimento sustentável, as discussões sobre estratégias de sustentabilidade ambiental, responsabilidade socioambiental e a teoria institucional. Sendo esta última a lente teórica escolhida por ampliar o conceito de ambiente externo da organização e desta forma contemplar aspectos institucionais. A teoria institucional considera um enfoque abrangente dos fatores que influem e condicionam as estratégias ambientais. O método de pesquisa foi qualitativo ao investigar de forma empírica os propósitos da estratégia de sustentabilidade ambiental da GM do Brasil. A análise foi composta por entrevistas semiestruturadas, direcionadas aos executivos da empresa, observação direta e participante, e por consulta a dados secundários. Os resultados apontam para inovação em práticas socioambientais para minimização do impacto dos processos produtivos ao meio ambiente e para um isomorfismo organizacional no que tange a motorização do produto comercializado. Espera-se que os resultados venham a contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento da Administração no campo da gestão estratégica e sirvam de estímulo para o crescimento sustentável das indústrias, pautado pela adoção de práticas que preservem o meio ambiente.
Freire, Gustavo Andrade Nunes 1981. "A aquisição de verbos perceptivos e causativos e a Teoria da Mente". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/271188.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T18:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freire_GustavoAndradeNunes_D.pdf: 3785988 bytes, checksum: 79bd2cc2155eb07b2761cd8c4c994105 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Este trabalho busca investigar, do ponto de vista da Gramática Gerativa, a aquisição linguística de complementos sentenciais de verbos perceptivos e causativos em português brasileiro (doravante, PB) e inglês e sua interação com o desenvolvimento da Teoria da Mente. Investiga-se qual a relação fundamental entre linguagem e cognição extralinguística, como essa relação é desenvolvida e o que falta nesse mapeamento linguístico no decorrer do desenvolvimento da criança. Mais especificamente, investigamos como as crianças adquirem os verbos perceptivos e causativos e seus complementos sentenciais e mostramos que o lugar ideal para explicá-la é na interface entre Aquisição da Linguagem e Teoria da Mente. Partimos da hipótese de que existe uma correlação entre as propriedades do evento percebido e a aquisição da linguagem e para sustentá-la destacamos as diferenças entre os complementos finitos e infinitivos. A partir delas, prevê-se que a aquisição dos complementos infinitivos de verbos perceptivos e causativos é anterior à aquisição dos complementos finitos, dada a complexidade desse último tipo. Examinamos também os verbos perceptivos não-agentivos ver e ouvir e atestamos que, além de nomearem o modo sensorial como auditivo ou visual, eles também codificam linguisticamente noções relacionadas ao conhecimento e crença do falante sobre a maneira como um determinado estado de coisas no mundo é percebido. Os verbos causativos perifrásticos fazer e deixar estão intimamente relacionados com as modalidades causativas, que codificam noções de intenção e volição (seja no sujeito da sentença matriz ou no sujeito da sentença encaixada). Essas propriedades dizem respeito, em maior ou menor grau, ao desenvolvimento da Teoria da Mente e, para analisar como elas se relacionam com a aquisição da linguagem, aplicamos experimentos sobre cada tipo verbal em cerca de 95 crianças em aquisição do inglês e 95 crianças em aquisição do PB, com idades entre 4 e 9 anos. Em linhas gerais, os resultados aqui mostraram que as crianças apresentam uma forte tendência de se guiarem pelas propriedades objetivas do evento, enquanto o adulto é capaz de processar as evidências disponíveis para computar a situação percebida. O mesmo pode ser afirmado para os verbos fazer e deixar, pois inicialmente apenas os seus significados mais concretos e gerais são atestados. Para ambos os tipos verbais verificamos que a gramática infantil vai na direção da do adulto, mostrando que existe uma relação entre o conhecimento sintático-semântico e o desenvolvimento da Teoria da Mente. Os resultados corroboram ainda a hipótese de que existe uma correlação entre o evento denotado e sua aquisição
Abstract: This dissertation investigates, from the Generative Grammar framework, the linguistic acquisition of sentential complements to perception and causative verbs in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth, PB) and English and their interaction with the acquisition of Theory of Mind. The fundamental relationship between language and extralinguistic cognition, the development of such relationship and what is missing in the linguistic mapping throughout children's development are investigated. More specifically, we investigate how children acquire perception and causative verbs and their sentential complements and we show that the ideal place to explain it is within Language Acquisition and Theory of Mind interface. We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the properties of the perceived event and language acquisition and to sustain it we highlight the differences between finite and infinitive complements. From them, it is anticipated that the acquisition of infinitival complements to causative and perception verbs is prior to the acquisition of finite ones, given the complexity of the latter type. We also examined the non-agentive perception verbs see and hear and attested that in addition to naming the sensory mode as auditory or visual, they also linguistically encode notions related to the speaker's knowledge and belief about the way a certain state of affairs in the world is perceived. The periphrastic causative verbs make and let are closely related to the causative modalities, which encode notions of intention and volition (whether in the subject of the main clause or in the subject of the embedded sentence). These properties are related, in a greater or lesser degree, to the development of Theory of Mind and to analyze how they relate to language acquisition we have administered experiments about each type verbal with about 95 children acquiring English and 95 children acquiring PB, between 4 and 9 years of age. In general, the results have shown that children tend to be strongly guided by the objective properties of the event, whereas the adult is able to process the available evidence to compute the perceived situation. The same can be said for the verbs make and let, because initially only their concrete and more general meanings are attested. For both verbal types we attested the child's grammar moves towards the adult one, showing that there is a relationship between the syntactic-semantic knowledge and the Theory of Mind development. The results corroborate the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the denoted event and its acquisition
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
Nuñez, Castillo Carlos Heriberto. "Predictive and Distributed Routing Balancing for High Speed Interconnection Networks". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120240.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn high performance clusters, current parallel application communication needs, such as traffic pattern, communication volume, etc., change along time and are difficult to know in advance. Such needs often exceed or do not match available resources causing resource use imbalance, network congestion, throughput reduction and message latency increase, thus degrading the overall system performance. Studies on parallel applications show repetitive behavior that can be characterized by a set of representative phases. This work presents a Predictive and Distributed Routing Balancing (PR-DRB) technique, a new method developed to gradually control network congestion, based on paths expansion, traffic distribution, applications pattern repetitiveness and speculative adaptive routing, in order to maintain low latency values. PR-DRB monitors messages latencies on routers and saves the found solutions to congestion, to quickly respond in future similar situations. Traffic congestion experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the method, and improvements were observed.
Morales, López Leopoldo. "Combinatorial dynamics of strip patterns of quasiperiodic skew products in the cylinder". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384935.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis consists of two parts. In the first we aim at extending the results and techniques from Fabbri et al. 2005 to study the Combinatorial Dynamics, the <
Moriña, Soler David. "Nous models per a sèries temporals". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125658.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work we consider two kinds of problems. The first concerns the issue of seasonality in the context of discrete time series, while the second part will deal with first-order autoregressive models with non-Gaussian innovations. Integer valued time series appear in many different contexts. The classical analysis of continuous time series can be inadequate when modeling phenomena based on counts, as the assumption of normal random variations is hardly achieved in the case of integer series. This motivates the study of models based in discrete distributions (Poisson, negative binomial, …). However, in the context of standard models of discrete time series (INAR, INMA, …) there is a lack of techniques focused on dealing with possible seasonal behavior in the data, and therefore there is a need of suitable tools to model phenomena presenting this feature, as, for example, the incidence of diseases such as flu, allergies, pneumonia,… In this work we propose a variation of the INAR(2) model to include a seasonal component, and we study how can it be applied to analyze data concerning hospital admissions caused by influenza. Following the same example, we consider several methods to make predictions about future occupation of hospital beds based on this type of time-series models of counts in the short and long term. The second issue addressed in this work appears as a problem of characterization of distributions in the context of first-order autoregressive models, prompted by a surprising result by McKenzie, establishing that a process Y t with AR(1) structure, and considering the exponentiated series Xt = eYt, the autocorrelation function of Xt is the same as the original series Y t if and only if the stationary distribution of Xt is gamma. Using this result as a starting point, our main goal has been to generalize this result by McKenzie in the sense of characterizing the distribution of the innovations in this context, and develop a goodness of fit test based on the empirical distribution function in order to decide whether it is reasonable to assume, at some level of confidence, that the the innovations follows a specific distribution. In particular, this contrast can be used in the classical situation, in order to check if the innovations of a first-order autoregressive model are Gaussian. This contrast has been applied on a data set concerning fish catches in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of St. Lawrence River between 1990 and 1996 to study whether the assumption of normality of the innovations is reasonable or not. As a second example, the contrast has been made on data concerning the deflator of the Spanish gross domestic product from 1962 to 2011. Finally, a study of the power of the test, in different situations is presented, considering different values for the first autocorrelation coeffcient, different sample sizes and different marginal distributions.
Cartas, Rosado Raúl. "Modelos de calibración n−dimensionales para lenguas electrónicas". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98338.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe computational tools described in this thesis are meant to be alternative solutions to build multivariate calibration models from multi-way data obtained with arrays of electrochemical sensors. Both experimental and computational applications described herein are aimed to build electronic tongues of potentiometric and voltammetric types. The solution proposals are based on computational techniques designed to explore large databases in search of consistent patterns and/or systematic relationships between variables, allowing then to apply these models to new data to predict or estimate expected results. Some of the tools were implemented using multilayer perceptron neural networks with complex transfer functions (of little or no use in the chemical area) in the hidden layer neurons. To make compatible the type of structure of most of the data used in this thesis with the input of the neural networks, the electrochemical information was pretreated using mono- or multi-dimensional processing techniques in order to reduce the number of variables and dimensions. In addition to the structres based on neural networks, we also propose to build models using base functions of the truncated spline and B-spline types. The first is known as Adaptive Regression Splines Multivariable (MARS) and the second as B-splines Multivariate Adaptive Regression (B-MARS). In addition to the tools described above and implemented as proposed solutions, we also built successfully calibration models using multi-way partial least squares regression (N-PLS).
Cappelletto, Eliane. "O Vê de Gowin conectando teoria e experimentação em Física Geral : questões didáticas, metodológicas e epistemológicas relevantes ao processo". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17446.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this paper, we presents a research carried out over three years in Physics introductory courses at Federal University of Rio Grande. The aim of the present study was to minimize the observed dichotomy between theory and lab. The teaching strategy in General Physics disciplines for Engineering has made use of Gowin's Vee, a heuristic device able to explain the process of scientific knowledge production. The construction of Vee diagrams was used to assist understanding of texts in theory classes and as an alternative to traditional reports in the experimental classes. The teacher also made use of it to organize the education, especially for laboratory classes. We based our work on the theory of Ausubel and Novak's meaningful learning and on Gowin and Moreira's theories of teaching and we also grounded it on some key ideas of contemporary epistemology and philosophy of science. We want to promote theory-experiment integration, seeking to contribute to a more effective comprehension of physical concepts and epistemological conceptions expressed in Physics classes. In research, we opted for an interpretative methodology, but we also made use of several quantitative data, looking for evidence of strategy's validity. The results showed that the effectiveness of the instrument performance to promote the desired integration depends on the teacher's decisive role. They also indicated that the students conceptions about science, the scientist and how the knowledge construction is made, that are taught many times implicitly in class, are persistent and can interfere in the physical theories learning.
Magalhães, Mônica de Avelar Figueiredo Mafra. "A contribuição da geomática na geografia da saúde sob uma abordagem da Teoria Geral de Sistemas". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8866.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe collection of Geomatics techniques has been a powerful allied to support space data decisions and handling. Last decade, it almost became essential to human and natural resources management. For health, Geomatics has made feasible some researches, such as: analyses about patients distribution, epidemics occurrence variation, vector tracking, assessment about emergency or catastrophic situations in real time, among others. The association between Medicine and Geography is old. The association between health and spacialization of diseases may consider the physical structure of geographic space from characterization of each systems component part as the systemic perspective spreads in General System Theory seeing that the population is part of geographic space which occur some health disorders. Therefore, these facts are the importance of this research that was developed in Baixada de Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro. This place has approximately 295 Km2 and it is compounded by 19 neighborhoods which have an estimate of 682000 inhabitants. The research intended to structure a methodology to insert Geomatics techniques into practice of health data analyses, supported by General System Theory, aiming to contribute in the process of environmental monitoring in health which allows a prognosis about situations of risks of certain population. The basic mapping that supported this study was built by topographic charts of DSG on the scale 1:50000. From these charts, planimetry details were taken off and also altimetry information that were used in the development of digital terrain model (DTM). With DTM, the slope mapping by percentage was done and it allowed the creation of compartments in five classes for subsequent generation of thematic maps with health data. The data of this study were found in health information systems released by the Ministry of Health. The analyzed disease was leptospirosis. And its cases were located from addresses of residence. The hypothesis raised here was the existence of high correlation among component parts represented by physical structure of space and the occurrence of leptospirosis. By the results, it was proved the void hypothesis because diseases only happen in areas which are associated with plain area of the coastal bas of Jacarepaguá and the suave hillside of the hillock, both in subsystem coastal bas. It demonstrates that in terms of leptospirosis, an absence of population exists at this space component in areas of major steepness.
Vilaltella, Castanyer Joan 1969. "Contribucions a la teoria de l'aresta-acoloriment de grafs : snarks i multipols". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/327032.
Pełny tekst źródłaUn graf on cada vèrtex té tres vèrtexs adjacents és un graf cúbic. Un aresta-acoloriment és una assignació de colors a les arestes d'un graf de tal manera que no es repeteixin colors en les arestes incidents a un mateix vèrtex. Un aresta-acoloriment és òptim si utilitza el mínim nombre possible de colors. El Teorema de Vizing implica que un aresta-acolorament òptim d'un graf cúbic requereix tres o quatre colors. Si tres colors són suficients, de l'aresta-acoloriment en diem Tait-acoloriment. Si fan falta quatre colors, diem que el graf és un snark. Holyer va demostrar que determinar si un graf cúbic és Tait-acolorible és un problema NP-complet, i per tant se suposa àmpliament que és un problema molt difícil o intractable en el cas general. Tanmateix, la teoria no prohibeix que es puguin resoldre eficientment casos concrets: és el que s'anomena "ruptura de la intractabilitat". Descrivim un algorisme heurístic anomenat DVC, per "Desplaçament de Vèrtexs Conflictius", que té un bon rendiment empíric en grafs regulars aleatoris. També ens permet comprovar una conjectura de Biggs sobre els "odd graphs" en instàncies de milions de vèrtexs i arestes, utilitzant ordinadors de potència moderada. Els snarks són rellevants en la teoria de grafs: sovint apareixen com a contraexemples minimals de conjectures importants, com per exemple la Conjectura del Recobriment Doble per Cicles (tot graf sense ponts té una família de cicles tal que cada aresta pertany exactament a dos dels cicles). En l'anàlisi i síntesi d'snarks se solen utilitzar multipols, que són "peces" de grafs cúbics amb extrems lliures que es poden unir entre ells. En un multipol Tait-acolorit, el nombre d'extrems lliures de cada color té la mateixa paritat que el nombre total d'extrems lliures (i que el nombre de vèrtexs del multipol). Aquest resultat, conegut com el Lema de Paritat, permet interpretar els multipols com a portes lògiques i els grafs cúbics com a circuits lògics. Això proporciona una manera molt general de construir snarks, en base a circuits lògics sense cap assignació booleana vàlida, i també permet relacionar l'aresta-acoloriment de grafs amb la factorització de nombres enters. En particular, permet construir snarks a partir de nombres primers. Un estat d'un multipol és la restricció d'un Tait-acoloriment del multipol als seus extrems lliures. Si el conjunt d'estats d'un multipol és un subconjunt no buit del conjunt d'estats d'un altre multipol amb un nombre de vèrtexs més gran, diem que n'és una reducció. Un multipol irreductible és un multipol sense cap reducció (un exemple obvi és un multipol minimal, és a dir sense vèrtexs o amb un sol vèrtex). El màxim nombre de vèrtexs d'un multipol irreductible en termes del seu nombre d'extrems lliures és una funció, representada per v(m), el comportament de la qual només es coneix exactament per m<6, mentre que hi ha una fita inferior específica per v(6). Demostrem la irreductibilitat dels multipols que tenen un arbre, un bosc o un cicle com a graf subjacent. Això ens permet establir una fita lineal inferior que és el primer resultat de naturalesa general sobre la funció v(m).
Bascompte, Viladrich David. "Models for bacteriophage systems, Weak convergence of Gaussian processes and L2 modulus of Brownian local time". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129911.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this dissertation three different problems are treated. In Chapter 1 we construct two families of processes that converge, in the sense of the finite dimensional distributions, towards two independent Gaussian processes. Chapter 2 is devoted to the study of a model of bacteriophage treatments for bacterial infections. Finally, in Chapter 3 we study some aspects of the L2 modulus of continuity of Brownian local time. In the first chapter we consider two independent Gaussian processes that can be represented in terms of a stochastic integral of a deterministic kernel with respect to the Wiener process and we construct, from a single Poisson process, two families of processes that converge, in the sense of the finite dimensional distributions, towards these Gaussian processes. We will use this result to prove convergence in law results towards some other processes, like sub-fractional Brownian motion. In Chapter 2 we construct and study several models that pretend to study how will behave a treatment of bateriophages in some farm animals. This problem has been brought to our attention by the Molecular Biology Group of the Department of Genetics and Microbiology at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Starting from a basic model, we will study several variations, first from a deterministic point of view, finding several results on equilibria and stability, and later in a noisy context, producing concentration type results. Finally, in Chapter 3 we shall study the decomposition on Wiener chaos of the L2 modulus of continuity of the Brownian local time. More precisely, we shall find a Central Limit Theorem for each Wiener chaos element of the L2 modulus of continuity of the Brownian local time. This result provides us with an example of a family of random variables that is convergent in law to a Normal distribution, but its chaos elements of even order do not converge.
Casas, Vilaró Jordi. "Estimation of the Transport Demand for Real-Time Aplications". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6515.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe implementation of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has made vast quantities of real-time traffic data available, by making use of current road network infrastructure that enables information to be gathered on-line. Detectors that measure traffic flow, speed and occupancy are an example. How to use real-time traffic data, as well as historical data, to provide short-term traffic prediction, remains an open problem for researchers. The problem of short-term traffic prediction involves determining the evolution of traffic flows or, equivalently, of the network state. The ability to predict the network state dynamically is essential in traffic management and for traffic information centres particularly, since it enables them to apply traffic control and traffic management policies to prevent traffic congestion rather than dealing with traffic problems after congestion has already occurred. Advanced traffic management systems (ATMS) and advanced traffic information systems (ATIS) must consider, in real time, short time intervals in which neither demand nor flows are constant and homogenous. Demand and flow behave dynamically, that is, they are both time-dependent. The concept of traffic management, as defined by Barceló (1991), is broader than the classic concept of traffic control, because it takes action over time, including control over space, such as, for instance, redistributing flows by rerouting, that is, by proposing alternatives routes. Therefore, traffic management applications require dynamic modelling that shows flow variation over time.All proposals for advanced traffic management and control systems that are based on telematic technologies agree on the importance of short-term prediction of traffic flow evolution, which is equivalent to the short-term prediction of the network state, for correct decision-making in traffic management, information dissemination to users, etc. Several system architectures have been proposed and evaluated in European projects in recent years. Although the achievements of these projects cannot be applied or extrapolated to complex urban structures, other models that are more suited to complex networks have been developed, by Cascetta (1993) and Barceló (1997), for example. Unfortunately, these models do not appear to be appropriate for full dynamic applications, and so we had to look elsewhere in our search for a suitable prediction model. The promising features of neural networks, which make them suitable for use as predictive tools (Baldi and Hornik, 1995), encouraged us to explore this approach. The approach, which is based on real-time detector measurements combined with historical OD matrices, involves determining a short-term forecast of a sliced OD matrix. The forecast OD matrix could be used as input for a microscopic traffic simulator such as AIMSUN; thus the evolution of traffic flows and, as a consequence, the forecast network state could be obtained.According to this dynamic vision of demand, we can consider each of the OD matrix's components as a time series. Therefore, forecasting an OD matrix consists in performing the forecast for each component in the matrix, that is, in simultaneously forecasting many multivariate time series. Solutions to this problem that are based on classic forecasting methods, such as Box-Jenkins or Kalman filtering, have been proposed by several authors (Davis, 1993; Davis et al., 1994; Van der Ziipp and Hamerslag, 1996). The approaches proposed provide relatively good results for linear infrastructures, such as motorways, although it remains unclear whether they would provide reliable results in the case of more complex networks, such as urban networks. In some of the most promising cases (Davis, 1994), however, the computational task required practically invalidates their use in real-time applications in large-scale networks and makes it advisable to look for other methods. Neural networks appear to be natural candidates for forecasting models, particularly if their easily parallelisable structure is taken into account, and high computational speed is required to achieve a system's objectives. Further reasons to consider a neural network approach are the results reported by Chakraborty (1992) for multivariate time series analysis using neural networks and by Weigend (1992) in his evaluation of their predictive capabilities compared to other classic models.The dynamic prediction of the network state in terms of the OD matrix by means of neural networks has one main drawback: the amount of data required for the proper training of the neural network. This thesis proposes solving this handicap by partitioning the neural network in terms of clusters of independent or almost independent OD pairs. This technique allows an original neural network of a large size to be split into a set of smaller neural networks that are easier to train. Before the clustering problem can be solved, however, the paths that are most likely to be used between each OD pair must be identified.Short-term forecasting leads, in this way, to the critical problem of dynamic traffic assignment, which is solved in this thesis by a microsimulation-based heuristic. In the thesis, some of the most critical aspects of the dynamic simulation of road networks are discussed, namely heuristic dynamic assignment, implied route choice models and the validation methodology, a key issue in determining the degree of validity and significance of the simulation results. The work is divided into two parts: the first provides an overview of how the main features of microscopic simulation were implemented in the microscopic simulator AIMSUN (AIMSUN 2002) and the second is a detailed discussion of heuristic dynamic assignment and sets guidelines for calibrating and validating dynamic traffic assignment parameters. The calibrated and validated simulation model is then used to conduct a dynamic traffic assignment, whose output identifies the paths that are most likely to be used, which will be clustered in subsets that connect the OD pairs and will define the neural networks for the forecast.
Annibale, Eder Santana. "Espaços-tempos assintoticamente planos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45132/tde-06052007-191653/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we investigate the mathematical basis of a new technique for relating two metrics on a given manifold that we propose to call anisotropic conformal rescaling and that has been used in the recent literature to give a new and more geometric de?nition of the notion of asymptotically ?at space-times in General Relativity.
Gunes, Baydin Atilim. "Evolut ionary adap tat ion in cas e - bas ed reasoning. An application to cross-domain analogies for mediation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129294.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnalogy plays a fundamental role in problem solving and it lies behind many processes central to human cognitive capacity, to the point that it has been considered "the core of cognition". Analogical reasoning functions through the process of transfer, the use of knowledge learned in one situation in another for which it was not targeted. The case-based reasoning (CBR) paradigm presents a highly related, but slightly different model of reasoning mainly used in artificial intelligence, different in part because analogical reasoning commonly focuses on cross-domain structural similarity whereas CBR is concerned with transfer of solutions between semantically similar cases within one specific domain. In this dissertation, we join these interrelated approaches from cognitive science, psychology, and artificial intelligence, in a CBR system where case retrieval and adaptation are accomplished by the Structure Mapping Engine (SME) and are supported by commonsense reasoning integrating information from several knowledge bases. For enabling this, we use a case representation structure that is based on semantic networks. This gives us a CBR model capable of recalling and adapting solutions from seemingly different, but structurally very similar domains, forming one of our contributions in this study. A traditional weakness of research on CBR systems has always been about adaptation, where most applications settle for a very simple "reuse" of the solution from the retrieved case, mostly through null adaptation or substitutional adaptation. The difficulty of adaptation is even more obvious for our case of cross-domain CBR using semantic networks. Solving this difficulty paves the way to another contribution of this dissertation, where we introduce a novel generative adaptation technique based on evolutionary computation that enables the spontaneous creation or modification of semantic networks according to the needs of CBR adaptation. For the evaluation of this work, we apply our CBR system to the problem of mediation, an important method in conflict resolution. The mediation problem is non-trivial and presents a very good real world example where we can spot structurally similar problems from domains seemingly as far as international relations, family disputes, and intellectual rights.
Viles, Cuadros Noèlia. "Continuïtat respecte el paràmetre de Hurst de les lleis d'alguns funcionals del moviment Brownià fraccionari". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3112.
Pełny tekst źródłaGonzález, Fernández Óscar. "Interference alignment in MIMO networks : feasibility and transceiver design. Alineado de interferencias en redes MIMO : existencia y cálculo de soluciones". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285096.
Pełny tekst źródłaEsta tesis gira en torno a la idea de alineado de interferencias (interference alignment, IA) lineal en redes donde varios pares transmisor-receptor se comunican simultáneamente; escenario conocido como canal de interferencia. En particular, se considera el caso en el que cada nodo (ya sea transmisor o receptor) está equipado con varias antenas y hace uso de la dimensión espacial para llevar a cabo el citado alineado de interferencias. En esta tesis se explora el problema del alineado de interferencias en el dominio espacial desde tres puntos de vista diferentes. En primer lugar, se analizan las condiciones (número de antenas, usuarios y flujos de información) bajo las cuales el alineado de interferencias es posible. Para esta tarea, se distingue entre sistemas en los que cada usuario envía uno o múltiples flujos de información. En el primer caso, se demuestra que el problema admite una solución cerrada que puede ser evaluada con complejidad lineal en el número de usuarios. En el segundo caso, se propone un test numérico que da una respuesta concluyente al problema y muestra que el problema pertenece a la clase de complejidad BPP. En segundo lugar, los resultados anteriores son generalizados para calcular el número de soluciones existentes. En ocasiones, no sólo interesa determinar si el problema de alineado de interferencias tiene solución o no, sino que es interesante conocer cuántas soluciones existen. En esta tesis se muestra que diferentes soluciones pueden exhibir resultados dramáticamente diferentes. Por consiguiente, el número de soluciones actúa como una métrica de diversidad que refleja la capacidad de una red para mejorar su rendimiento en términos de tasa suma, robustez o cualquier otra métrica. Por último, se proponen dos algoritmos para la obtención de soluciones de alineado de interferencias.
ZAIDAN, Henrique Pinto dos Santos. "Análise da garantia estendida para equipamentos hospitalares: uma abordagem via teoria dos jogos e processo de renovação generalizado". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17629.
Pełny tekst źródłaMade available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T13:45:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 2016 02 Dissertação V18.pdf: 847550 bytes, checksum: b3b34305dd3687f0d1a2e2aa1a8ef506 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19
CAPEs
A terceirização da manutenção e a adesão da garantia estendida para equipamentos hospitalares tem se tornado uma tendência ao longo das últimas décadas, pois estão relacionadas com a crescente complexidade e modernização dos dispositivos médicos, bem como, com a recorrente prática da exclusividade do fabricante na realização da manutenção. Geralmente, o relacionamento entre a instituição de saúde e o fabricante é conduzido por meio de um documento, especificando questões como: nível de confiabilidade, desempenho operacional, disponibilidade, duração da garantia, preço da manutenção, penalidades e a política de manutenção a ser implementada. Sendo assim, a presente dissertação estuda quantitativamente o problema de garantia estendida para equipamentos hospitalares, por meio da junção de duas ferramentas: o jogo de Stackelberg, designado para estruturar a forma de relacionamento entre as empresas, e o Processo de Renovação Generalizado, responsável processo de falha – reparo do equipamento (reparo imperfeito). Um cenário foi criado para a aplicação de tais métodos. Inicialmente, o fabricante ao vender um equipamento hospitalar também oferece duas possibilidades para a execução da manutenção: a primeira, garantia estendida, e a segunda, serviço sob demanda. Posteriormente, a decisão do hospital é influenciada pela estrutura de preços imposta do fabricante, a confiabilidade do equipamento e o seu grau de aversão ao risco, visto que as falhas do dispositivo são eventos aleatórios. Para ilustrar tal situação, realiza-se um exemplo numérico com dados de falha e reparo de um Angiográfo. O equilíbrio do modelo implica na maximização do lucro esperado do fabricante e o hospital decidindo pela adesão da garantia estendida. Adicionalmente, comparando as soluções do reparo imperfeito com os cenários de reparos perfeito e mínimo, observou-se similaridade nas estratégias para os casos de reparos imperfeito e perfeito, enquanto que, na relação entre os reparos imperfeito e mínimo as estratégias darse- ão de maneira oposta. Finalmente, o lucro esperado do fabricante diminui conforme aumenta o número médio de falhas.
The outsourcing of maintenance and the acquisition of extended warranty for hospital equipment has become a trend over the past few decades, since they are related to the growing complexity, modernization of medical devices and the recurring practice of the manufacturer's exclusivity in performing maintenance services. Generally, the relationship between the health institution and the manufacturer is conducted through a document specifying the following issues: level of reliability, operating performance, availability, warranty period, maintenance price, penalties and maintenance policy to be implemented. Under these circumstances, this thesis analyzes the problem of the extended warranty for clinical equipment by joining two tools: the Stackelberg game, designed to model the relation between companies and the Generalized Renewal Process, employed for modeling failure-repair process (imperfect repair). A scenario was created for the application of such methods. Initially, the manufacturer intends to sell a medical equipment and also offers two maintenance possibilities: first, an extended warranty, and second, maintenance services on demand. Subsequently, the hospital's decision is influenced by manufacturer's price structure, equipment reliability and the degree of risk aversion, since the failures occurrences of the device are random events. To illustrate this situation, an application example with failure and repair data of an Angiography equipment is presented. The equilibrium of model implies in expected profit maximization for the manufacturer and hospital chooses the extended warranty option. In addition, by comparing the solutions of the imperfect repair with perfect and minimal repair scenarios, a similarity in the strategies adopted in cases of imperfect and perfect repairs was observed, while the strategies were opposite when comparing imperfect and minimal repairs. Finally, the expected profit of the manufacturer decreases as the average number of failures increases.