Rozprawy doktorskie: „Temporal lobes”

1

Hill, Vicky. "Memory function in the temporal lobes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300138.

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Bohbot, Veronique Deborah 1969. "The medial temporal lobes and human memory". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288748.

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Spatial memory tasks known to be sensitive to hippocampal lesions in the rat were adapted to humans. These tasks and others known to be sensitive to medial temporal lesions in the human, were administered in order to investigate the effects of selective damage to medial temporal lobe structures of the human brain. The patients had undergone thermo-coagulation with a single electrode along the amygdalo-hippocampal axis in an attempt to alleviate their epilepsy. With this surgical technique, lesions to single medial temporal lobe structures can be carried out. The locations of the lesions were assessed by means of digital high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and software allowing a 3-D reconstruction of the brain. A break in the collateral sulcus, dividing it into the anterior collateral sulcus and the posterior collateral sulcus is reported for the first time. This division corresponds to the posterior border of the entorhinal/perirhinal cortex and the anterior border of the parahippocampal cortex, and therefore helped in the identification of the areas. The results confirmed the role of the right hippocampus in visuo-spatial memory tasks (object location, Rey-Osterrieth Figure with and without delay), and the left for verbal memory tasks (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task with delay). Patients with lesions to the right parahippocampal cortex were also impaired on a spatial oddball task, but not on the object equivalent. Surprisingly, patients with lesions either to the right or to the left hippocampus were unimpaired on several memory tasks, including a spatial one, with a 30 minute delay, designed to be analogous to the Morris water maze. Patients with lesions to the right parahippocampal cortex were impaired on this task with a 30 minute delay, suggesting that the parahippocampal cortex itself may play an important role in spatial memory.

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3

Jean, Stéphane. "Présentation itérative de la figure complexe de Rey : étude des capacités d'apprentissage visuo-perceptives de deux adultes porteurs d'une lésion frontale hémisphérique droite /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/17751318R.html.

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Mémoire (M.A.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002.
En tête du titre : Université du Québec, mémoire présenté comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. CaQTU Comprend des réf. bibliogr. : p. 106-116.

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4

Tremblay, Karine. "Mesure de l'apprentissage en mémoire visuelle selon une méthode itérative de présentation de la figure complexe de Rey chez des adultes porteurs d'une lésion temporale droite /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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5

Ho, Nim-chee Annie. "Neuropsychological functioning after temporal lobectomy". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29725537.

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Crane, Joelle. "Right medial temporal-lobe contribution to object-location memory". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36571.

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This thesis includes several studies investigating the right medial temporal-lobe contribution to memory for the location of objects in an array. Three arrays of toy objects were constructed and shown to be comparable in difficulty on the basis of tests with undergraduate students. These arrays were then employed as the test material for examining memory with tasks of immediate or delayed recall within a single trial, in addition to learning-to-criterion across multiple trials. Normal control subjects and patients with unilateral resection from the anterior temporal lobe were tested. The patients had undergone either selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy or anterior temporal lobectomy that either spared or largely invaded the hippocampal formation. The only groups showing impairment were those with large resections from the right hippocampal region; this deficit was noted on immediate recall, delayed recall, and incremental learning of the spatial arrays. In 75 of the patients tested, postoperative magnetic resonance scans were used to measure the extent of tissue remaining in the medial temporal-lobe structures; from multiple regression analyses, the extent of right hippocampus remaining was found to be the best predictor of array-learning performance. The notion that the hippocampus encodes spatial information in a map-like or allocentric manner (O'Keefe and Nadel, 1978) was explored by requiring normal control subjects and patients with unilateral temporal-lobe lesions to reconstruct the spatial arrays from a vantage-point other than that from which they had previously viewed the arrays. Contrary to prediction, the allocentric manipulation failed, in general, to elicit any additional impairment. Taken together, the results indicate that damage limited to the medial-temporal region in the right hemisphere is sufficient to disrupt memory for the location of objects. Within this region, the hippocampus appears to be the most critical structure for building, over suc

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7

Nichols, Elizabeth Anne. "Involvement of the medial temporal lobes in working memory /". May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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8

Visser, Maya. "Semantic memory and the role of the anterior temporal lobes". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525171.

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9

Walker, Sarah Joanne. "Exploring the role of the temporal lobes in relational memory". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398719.

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Thaiss, Laila Maria. "A comparison of the role of the frontal cortex and the anterior temporal lobe in source memory and in the accurate retrieval of episodic information /". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38424.

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It has been argued that patients with frontal lobe lesions are impaired in temporal context memory and, more generally, in retrieving the source of one's knowledge or ideas. Furthermore, it has been speculated that a failure to retrieve source information may result in an increased susceptibility to distortions of episodic memories in patients with frontal lobe lesions. The precise role of the frontal cortex, however, in source or episodic retrieval is not clear. Does this region of cortex play a primary role or a secondary, executive role in the processing of such memories? Studies of patients with temporal lobe lesions have also shown impairments in episodic memory, including difficulties in the retrieval of source information. An important issue, therefore, is whether these two brain regions make different contributions to the processing of source information and to the retrieval of episodic memories.
In the present experiments, patients with unilateral excisions restricted to frontal cortex or to the anterior temporal lobe were compared on various tasks examining source memory performance and the accurate retrieval of episodic information. The results of these studies failed to support the general contention that patients with frontal cortex excisions have source (or temporal context) memory impairments. Instead, differences between these patients and normal control subjects appeared to be contingent on whether strategic organizational or control processes were necessary for efficient processing of episodic information. The memory of patients with left temporal lobe excisions, on the other hand, was significantly impaired for both content and source information in most tasks. Furthermore, these subjects showed high rates of inaccuracies and distortions of memory. The false memories of this patient group were attributed to a combination of their poor memory for the specific items of the task and their over-reliance on semantic "gist" or on inferential knowledge about the events. Patients with right temporal lobe excisions were generally less severely impaired on the verbal memory tasks compared with those with left-sided lesions, but were impaired in their memory for the contextual aspects of an event.

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11

Salmond, Claire Helen. "Investigations into the role of the medial temporal lobes in autism". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252264.

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Collins, Jessica Ann. "Beyond the FFA: Understanding Face Representation within the Anterior Temporal Lobes". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/255610.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
Extensive research has supported the existence of a specialized face-processing network that is distinct from the visual processing areas used for general object recognition. The majority of this work has been aimed at characterizing the response properties of the fusiform face area (FFA) and the occipital face area (OFA), which together are thought to constitute the core network of brain areas responsible for facial identification. Although accruing evidence has shown that face-selective patches in the ventral anterior temporal lobes (vATLs), within perirhinal cortex, play a necessary role in facial identification, the relative contribution of these brain areas to the core face-processing network has remained unarticulated. The current study assessed the relative sensitivity of the anterior face patch, the OFA, and the FFA, to different aspects of person information. Participants learned to associate a name and occupation label, or a name only, with different facial identities. The sensitivity of the face processing areas to facial identity, occupation, and the amount of information associated with a face was then assessed. The results of a multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) revealed that distributed activity patterns in the anterior face patch contained information about facial identity, occupation, and the amount of information associated with a face, with the sensitivity of the anterior face patch to occupation and amount of information being greater than the more posterior face processing regions. When a similar analysis was conducted that included all voxels in the perirhinal cortex, sensitivity to every aspect of person information increased. These results suggest that the human ventral anterior temporal lobes may be critically involved in representing social, categorical, information about individual identities.
Temple University--Theses

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13

Samson, Séverine. "Contribution of the left and the right temporal lobes to melodic memory and perception". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74266.

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This thesis investigated melodic memory and perception in patients with unilateral left (LT) or right (RT) temporal-lobe lesions and in normal control (NC) subjects. Experiment I examined learning and 24-hour retention of unfamiliar tunes and nonsense words. Both temporal-lobe groups were impaired in learning the tunes and the words. Long-term retention of these stimuli showed that subjects with a RT lobectomy were more impaired in recognizing the tunes than the words, while subjects with a LT lobectomy were more impaired in recognizing the words than the tunes. This study demonstrated the differenting roles of the right and the left temporal lobes in long-term retention of musical and verbal information, respectively. Experiment IIa and IIb investigated memory for songs (words sung to a tune). Recognition of the melodic component resulted in a deficit for both RT and LT groups, but the nature of the impairment seems to be related to the side of the lesion. Patients with LT lobectomy showed deficits in tune recognition mediated by words, but not for tunes sung without words. Patients with RT lobectomy were impaired in tune recognition, whether or not words were sung to the tunes. On the other hand, the well-known verbal memory deficit was shown after a LT lobectomy when the words actually form part of the stimulus as well as when the words are spoken. In experiment III two melodic discrimination tasks were created to test the hypothesis that the RT and the LT lobes are specialized for global and local information processing, respectively. The results showed that impairments under both experimental conditions regardless of the side of the temporal lobectomy suggest that the two temporal lobes are involved in the processing of contour and interval information.

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Goddard, Matthew John, i n/a. "Cognitive and emotional effects of vestibular damage in rats and their medial temporal lobe substrates". University of Otago. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080923.091605.

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Psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment are increasingly being described in patients with vestibular pathology. Yet frameworks that describe the link between emotion, memory and the vestibular system have yet to reach maturity, partly because studies have not yet provided detailed accounts of behavioral changes in experimental animals, or in man. One of the goals of this thesis was to use experimental psychology to define changes in memory and emotional behaviour in rats given bilateral vestibular deafferentation (BVD, n=18) or sham surgery (Sham, n=17). In an elevated-plus maze task, BVD rats made up to 166% greater open arm entries and spent up to 42% more time in the open arms compared to Sham rats. In an elevated-T maze task, BVD rats failed to develop a normal learned inhibition response to open space. In an open field maze BVD rats consistently showed 50-60% greater movement velocity, spent on average 35% more time in the inner most aversive part of the arena, and failed to show the normal boundary-seeking behaviour (thigmotaxis) typical of untreated or Sham rats. In a social interaction test BVD rats spent up to 34% less time engaged in social contact compared to Sham rats. In a hyponeophagia test, BVD rats� latency to eat was 70% greater than Sham rats at 3-weeks post-op., however this difference disappeared at 3- and 5-months. These findings suggest that BVD treatment may in some cases disrupt normal behavioral inhibition. Memory performance was also affected. In a T-maze task BVD rats achieved 40-60% correct arm entries, compared to 90-100% for Sham controls. In a foraging task carried out in darkness, BVD rats� initial homing angle was random, homing paths were ~70% longer, and reference memory errors were ~56% greater compared to Sham rats. To elucidate possible neurochemical substrates for these behavioral changes, western blot assays on monoamine proteins were carried out on tissue from a naïve set of rats (BVD n=6; Sham n=6). In BVD rats, serotonin transporter protein expression was 39% lower in CA1 hippocampus and 27% lower in the forebrain region, despite forebrain tryptophan hydroxylase expression being 34% upregulated. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the forebrain region was 27% lower in BVD rats. Proteins related to synaptogenesis were also investigated. In the dentate gyrus SNAP-25 was 37% upregulated in BVD rats, while in area CA2/3 of the hippocampus neurofilament-L was 13% upregulated. Forebrain and entorhinal cortex drebrin expression was 28% and 38% downregulated in BVD rats. Neurofilament-L was also 31% downregulated in the forebrain region of BVD rats. To test whether any of these behavioral or biochemical changes may have been attributable to chronic physiological stress, a corticosterone assay was carried out at the conclusion of behavioral testing; however, the no significant between treatment differences were found. In conclusion, vestibular information appears to be needed for the acquisition of spatial and reference memory as well as the normal expression of emotional behaviour. The neurochemical changes described herein point toward possible substrates for these behaviors, however their full significance has yet to be determined.

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15

Pigott, Susan. "Visual pattern memory after unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74287.

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Memory for visual patterns was examined in 131 patients with unilateral temporal- or frontal-lobe excisions and 32 normal control subjects. A deficit in short-term memory for matrices of increasing complexity was exhibited by the right frontal-lobe group. Right temporal lobectomy impaired cued recall of visually homogeneous matrices at each of four serial positions. On the delayed recognition of complex visual scenes, right temporal lobectomy decreased identification of changes in figurative detail and spatial composition, whereas right hippocampectomy impaired identification of changes in spatial location. The interplay between verbal and pictorial codes in memory was also investigated using related word-design pairs. Right or left temporal lobectomy affected the number of designs recalled but only the right temporal-lobe group produced designs of poor quality. When cued with the words, the left temporal-lobe group produced fewer designs than the control subjects, demonstrating a reduced ability to retrieve pictorial information through verbal labels.

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Frisk, Virginia. "Comprehension and recall of stories following left temporal lobectomy". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75938.

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This thesis investigated the nature of the deficit in story recall associated with temporal-lobe damage in the left hemisphere dominant for speech. The first three experiments examined whether excision of this region (1) slows the rate at which verbal material is processed, (2) reduces working-memory capacity, or (3) interferes with the integration of information across sentences. Left temporal lobectomy does not impair these aspects of the initial processing of stories, since on none of the above variables was the performance of left temporal-lobe groups deficient relative to that of normal control subjects, or patients with unilateral frontal- or right temporal-lobe removals. The fourth experiment examined the effect of left temporal lobectomy on how quickly a passage was forgotten after it had been learned to criterion. Although patients with such an excision took more trials to learn a story than did normal control subjects, only those patients with extensive left hippocampal removal were impaired when recalling this story 20 minutes later. These results highlight the role of the left hippocampus in the long-term maintenance of story information.

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Bisbee, Molly. "The Role of the Medial Temporal Lobes in Older Adults' Associative Deficit: A Behavioral Study". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228468.

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It is well established that older adults show a deficit in episodic memory. The associative deficit hypothesis (ADH) (Naveh-Benjamin, 2000) suggests that an age-related reduced ability to create links between units of information is a major contributor to the episodic deficit. It has been a robust finding that older adults show a disproportionate decline in associative memory relative to item memory when compared to young adults. Previous researchers have investigated the role of the frontal lobes (FL) by studying the effect of reduced attentional resources in the associative deficit. However, they have not found that divided attention in young adults produces the disproportionate associative decline seen in aging and it is thought that some cognitive process other than the allocation of attentional resources may contribute to the associative deficit. The present study intended to use a divided attention (DA) task that also engages medial temporal brain regions (MTL) in order to tax additional parts of the network involved in creating associations and provide indirect support for the role of the MTL in the associative deficit. However, the associative memory deficit in older adults was not replicated due to unique poor associative memory performance of some young adults in the study. Analyses excluding these participants show support for the role of the MTL in the associative deficit. However, the young poor performers may provide support for the role of FL function in the associative deficit and show that poor associative memory may not be limited to the older adult cohort.

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18

Wallis, Guy. "Neural mechanisms underlying processing in the visual areas of the occipital and temporal lobes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259854.

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Wais, Peter Edward. "The roles of the hippocampus in recognition memory". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3315575.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 3, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-137).

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20

Smith, Mary Louise. "Memory for spacial location and frequency of occurrence after frontal or temporal lobectomy in man". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72054.

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In Part I, recall of spatial location was studied in an incidental-learning situation, where patients with unilateral brain lesions, the amnesic patient, H. M., and normal control subjects were asked to estimate the prices of objects in an array. All patient groups could encode location normally, but patients with right temporal-lobe lesions that included extensive hippocampal removal showed abnormally rapid forgetting. For all groups, and for H. M., location-recall did not differ under automatic and under effortful encoding conditions. It is argued that these results point to the importance of hippocampal-ceocortical interactions in spatial memory. In Part II, patients with frontal-lobe lesions were shown to be impaired in judging the frequency with which words or designs occurred in a list. With words, the deficits were demonstrable for both examiner-provided and self-generated stimuli. This impairment may be attributable either to a disorderly search process or to a deficit in cognitive estimation, or both.

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Davidson, Lara. "Neurobiology of the frontal and temporal lobes in schizophrenia, a meta-analytic review of neuroimaging and neuropathological findings". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ56170.pdf.

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Rice, Grace. "Using neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe conceptual knowledge in the left and right anterior temporal lobes". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/using-neuroimaging-and-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-to-probe-conceptual-knowledge-in-the-left-and-right-anterior-temporal-lobes(b834299d-8650-4c7e-89f9-0c503ce64868).html.

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Conceptual knowledge (or semantic knowledge) refers to our shared knowledge for words, objects, people and emotions. The anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) have been identified as a critical region for the representation of conceptual knowledge through convergent evidence from fMRI in healthy participants, cortical electrode implantation and damage-deficit correlations. With the involvement of the ATLs established, recent research has begun to focus on the functions of subregions of the ATLs - with particular interest surrounding the functions of the left and right ATLs. This thesis investigated three main research questions: (1) What are the functions of the left and right ATLs in semantic representation? (2) How does unilateral damage affect the semantic system and what mechanisms underlie the robustness of the system? (3) Do functional gradations exist within the ATLs? These questions were addressed using convergent methodologies including functional neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in healthy participants and behavioural and neuroimaging investigations in patients who have undergone unilateral ATL resection. To address the question of left vs. right ATL function, this thesis began by directly comparing the predictions of the different accounts of ATL function in a large-scale meta-analysis of the existing neuroimaging literature (Chapter 2) and in a large sample of patients who had undergone unilateral left or right ATL resection (Chapter 3). The overarching finding was that conceptual knowledge is underpinned by a primarily bilateral ATL system, whereby both the left and right ATLs are critical for normal semantic processing. Secondary to this bilateral representation, relative functional gradations were observed both between and within the ATLs. To address the second research question, Chapter 4 investigated the robustness of the semantic system to unilateral damage, specifically regions involved in the maintenance of conceptual knowledge were localised. Results showed that upregulation occurred within regions previously associated with semantic knowledge. The upregulation of activation after unilateral resection also mimicked the upregulation in control participants during more challenging semantic processing. Chapter 5 examined the behavioural relevance of upregulation in the contralateral ATL after unilateral perturbation using a novel TMS protocol in healthy participants. The findings observed here suggest that the bilateral ATL system is resistant to a degree of unilateral damage/perturbation because semantic representations are distributed between the hemispheres. Therefore, unilateral damage/disruption only results in a mild semantic impairment, as the undamaged/unperturbed hemisphere is available to compensate. Finally, Chapter 6 explored functional gradations within the ATLs by comparing responses in the ventral ATL to different conceptual categories, presented as visual and auditory inputs. The functional gradations observed here are proposed to emerge via differential structural and functional connectivity between the ATLs and sensory-motor and limbic cortices.

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Mayberry, Emily Jane. "Exploring conceptual knowledge and name relearning in semantic dementia". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-conceptual-knowledge-and-name-relearning-in-semantic-dementia(f82024ef-eb65-48b3-93b7-da4f13662315).html.

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This thesis investigated the role of the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) in conceptual knowledge and name relearning by studying people with semantic dementia (SD). People with SD have atrophy focussed on the ATLs and they exhibit a pan-modal semantic impairment (e.g., Hodges, Patterson, Oxbury, & Funnell, 1992). Recent evidence suggests that modality-invariant concept representations are built up in the ATLs and that these modality-invariant representations are crucial for abstracting away from the surface features of items in order to generalise conceptual information based on their core semantic similarity (e.g., Lambon Ralph & Patterson, 2008). In order to test this, two of the studies described in this thesis (Chapters 2 and 3) assessed semantic generalisation in people with SD. These studies showed that people with SD are less able to generalise conceptual information on the basis of the deeper semantic structure of concepts but instead are increasingly influenced by the superficial similarity of the items. These studies support the hypothesis that the modality-invariant representations formed in the ATLs are crucial for semantic-based generalisation. Previous SD relearning studies have reported relatively good learning but a lack of generalisation to untrained items, tasks, and/or contexts (i.e., under-generalisation). This has been interpreted based on the Complementary Learning Systems (CLS) (McClelland, McNaughton, & O'Reilly, 1995) to suggest that the neocortical semantic system no longer makes a meaningful contribution to relearning but instead relearning is primarily dependent upon the sparse representational medial temporal lobe (MTL) learning system. The studies described in two of the thesis chapters (Chapters 4 and 5) investigated the role of the underlying systems further and found that the neocortical semantic system does still contribute to relearning in SD (although its contribution is disordered and based on the degraded concept representations in the ATL) but there is a shift in the division of labour such that the MTL system takes over more of the work. Finally, in order to clarify the outcomes of relearning in SD, Chapter 6 reviewed all of the previous SD relearning studies and confirmed that people with SD are able to relearn the specific information that they study but that this relearning is rigid. The review and a subsequent re-analysis of the data from Chapters 4 and 5 also showed that relearning in SD can have negative side-effects as well as positive effects.

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Kemper, Birgit. "Neuropsychologische Untersuchung bei Frontallappenepilepsien ein Vergleich kognitiver Leistungen zwischen Patienten mit Frontal- und Temporallappenepilepsie im Rahmen der prächirurgischen Diagnostik /". Münster : Universität Münster, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/64528329.html.

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FALLON, PHILIPPE. "Meningo-encephalocele du lobe temporal prolabee dans la fosse pterygo-maxillaire". Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M162.

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Voirin, Jimmy Auque Jean. "La chirurgie de la face antéro-interne du lobe temporal dans le traitement de l'épilepsie temporo-mésiale pharmaco-résistante étude rétrospective de 42 patients /". [S.l] : [s.n], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2005_VOIRIN_JIMMY.pdf.

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Bethmann, Anja. "Die supramodale Verarbeitung individueller Konzepte am Beispiel menschlicher Stimmen und visuell präsentierter Comicfiguren : eine fMRT-Studie der Temporallappen". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5985/.

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Ausgehend von den primärsensorischen Arealen verlaufen Verarbeitungswege nach anterior durch die Temporallappen, die der Objekterkennung dienen. Besonders die vorderste Spitze der Temporallappen, der anteriore Temporalkortex, wird mit Funktionen der Objektidentifizierung assoziiert. Es existieren jedoch mehrere Vermutungen, welcher Art die Objekte sind, die in dieser Region verarbeitet werden. Es gibt Annahmen über die Verarbeitung von Sprache, von menschlichen Stimmen, semantischen Informationen oder individuellen Konzepten. Um zwischen diesen Theorien zu differenzieren, wurden vier ereigniskorrelierte fMRT-Messungen an jungen gesunden Erwachsenen durchgeführt. Die Probanden hörten in drei Experimenten die Stimmen berühmter und unbekannter Personen und in einem der Experimente zusätzlich Geräusche von Tieren und Musikinstrumenten. Im vierten Experiment wurden Zeichnungen von Comicfiguren gezeigt sowie von Tieren und Obst- und Gemüsesorten. Die neuronale Aktivität bei der Verarbeitung dieser Reize im Vergleich zu Zeiten ohne Stimulation wurde mit Hilfe von Interesseregionen untersucht, die nahezu die gesamten Temporallappen abdeckten und diese in jeweils zwölf Areale untergliederten. In den anterioren Temporallappen waren sowohl mit auditiven als auch mit visuellen Stimuli deutliche Aktivierungsunterschiede in Abhängigkeit von der semantischen Kategorie festzustellen. Individuelle Konzepte (menschliche Stimmen und Zeichentrickfiguren) riefen eine signifikant stärkere Aktivierung hervor als kategoriale Konzepte (Tiere, Musikinstrumente, Obst- und Gemüse). Außerdem war das Signal, dass durch die Stimmen der bekannten Personen ausgelöst wurde, deutlich stärker als das Signal der unbekannten Stimmen. Damit sind die Daten am ehesten kompatibel mit der Annahme, dass die anterioren Temporallappen, bekannte individuelle Konzepte verarbeiten. Da die beschriebenen Signalunterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Bedingungen ausgehend von den transversalen Temporalgyri nach anterior zum Temporalpol zunahmen, unterstützen die Ergebnisse zudem die Theorie von einem ventralen Verarbeitungsweg, der die Temporallappen nach anterior durchquert und zur Objekterkennung beiträgt. In Übereinstimmung mit den Annahmen der Konvergenzzonentheorie von A. R. Damasio scheint die spezifische Funktion dieses rostral gerichteten Verarbeitungsweges aus der sukzessiven Kombination immer mehr sensomotorischer Merkmale von Objekten zu bestehen. Da bekannte individuelle Konzepte eine besonders hohe Anzahl von Merkmalen aufweisen, ist eine weiter nach anterior verlaufende Verarbeitung zu beobachten als bei unbekannten oder kategorialen Konzepten.
It is assumed that neural pathways run from the primary sensory cortices through the temporal lobes towards their poles crossing areas necessary for object recognition. Especially the most anterior temporal parts were associated with processes contributing to the identification of objects. Yet, there is little agreement on the kinds of objects that are interpreted by the anterior temporal lobes. For example, there are assumptions regarding linguistic processing, voice recognition, the processing of general semantic information or the identification of unique entities. In order to differentiate between those theories, four event-related fMRI experiments were performed in healthy young adults. In three experiments, the subjects heard the voices of famous and unknown persons. In addition, characteristic sounds of animals and musical instruments were presented in one of these experiments. During the fourth experiment, drawings of famous cartoon characters were shown together with animals and fruit & vegetables. The neural activity in response to these stimuli compared to rest was analyzed using a regions-of-interest approach. 12 regions-of-interest that covered the majority of the temporal lobes were defined in each hemisphere. Both with auditory and visual stimuli, there were clear activation differences between the semantic categories in the anterior temporal lobes. Unique entities (human voices and cartoon characters) evoked a significantly stronger signal than categorical concepts (animals, musical instruments, fruit & vegetables). Furthermore, the signal in response to voices of familiar persons was significantly higher than to unfamiliar voices. Thus, the results are most compatible with the assumption that the anterior temporal lobes process supramodal features of familiar unique entities. As the before-mentioned signal differences between unique and categorical concepts and between familiar and unfamiliar voices increased from the transversal temporal gyri towards the temporal poles, the results support the notion of a ventral processing pathway running rostrally through the temporal lobes. In accordance with the convergence zone theory described by A.R. Damasio, the precise function of that pathway seems to consist in the incremental combination of sensorimotor concept features. Since familiar unique entities possess an especially high number of features, their processing was found to be directed into more anterior portions of the temporal lobe than the perception of unfamiliar or categorical concepts.

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28

Ehrlé, Nathalie. "Traitement temporel de l'information auditive et temporal". Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIML009.

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Cette thèse a exploré le traitement de l'information auditive temporelle appartenant à la gamme des millisecondes chez des patients présentant des lésions temporales unilatérales droites ou gauches ainsi que chez des sujets contrôles sans atteinte neurologique. La partie expérimentale de ce travail est précédée d'une présentation des modèles d'horloge interne ainsi que d'une description anatomofonctionnelle du lobe temporal et de son implication dans le traitement temporel. Une première partie psychophysique a été consacrée aux capacités de discrimination temporelle. L'étude 1 a révèle un déficit de la discrimination d'irrégularité (anisochronie) chez les patients caractérisés par la présence d'une lésion temporale gauche (atrophie hippocampique ou résection de la face interne du lobe temporal) lorsque les sons étaient présentés rapidement (80 ms entre le début de deux sons successifs) par opposition aux tempos plus lents (300-1000 ms). En revanche, les performances de tous les sujets semblent adéquates pour une tache de détection d'anisochronie. L'étude 2 portant sur la discrimination de durées brèves (sons continus de 80 et 300 ms) n'a révélé aucun trouble de la perception quel que soit le groupe de sujets. Les données suggèrent cependant que les patients ayant subi une résection temporale droite ou gauche utilisent une valeur de référence différente de celle des sujets sains et de la durée cible, indiquant une surestimation de cette durée. L'effet du partage attentionnel et de la présence d'un délai entre les deux sons a comparer ont également été examines. Une seconde partie expérimentale a exploré le traitement temporel dans le cadre d'une approche plus cognitive. Les résultats de l'étude 3 ont démontré que les deux groupes de patients étaient perturbes pour la reproduction de patterns rythmiques structures selon deux dimensions (la métrique et la rythmique). En revanche, il n'a pas été possible de dissocier l'effet de ces dimensions sur leurs performances. Enfin, une dernière étude a mis en évidence un déficit des patients ayant subi une résection temporale gauche dans la détection d'allongements temporels insérés dans des extraits familiers. L'ensemble de ces données suggère l'implication du lobe temporal gauche dans le traitement de l'information auditive séquentielle rapide et, dans une moindre mesure, la contribution du lobe temporal droit dans la reproduction de patterns rythmiques complexes

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29

Dinkelacker, Vera. "Network pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066156/document.

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Notre vision de l'épilepsie du lobe temporal avec sclérose hippocampique a beaucoup évolué grâce aux techniques de neuroimagerie multimodale. Initialement perçue comme maladie restreinte à la lésion, à savoir la sclérose hippocampique (SH), elle est aujourd'hui considérée comme un modèle de pathologie en réseau. Cette thèse a pour but d'approfondir les caractéristiques du réseau sous tendant cette épilepsie.Nous avons pour cela recueilli des données de connectivité structurelle, d'EEG et de données cognitives chez une cohorte de 44 patient avec SH unilatérale (22 droite, 22 gauche) et chez 28 sujets contrôle. Nous avons déterminé les régions d'intérêt corticales et le volume hippocampique avec Freesurfer et la connectivité structurelle (locale ou en réseau) avec MRtrix ou FSL.Trois principaux résultats émergent de ces études :1. La connectivité globale montre un pattern de déconnexion très marqué de l'hémisphère gauche en cas de SH gauche. La SH semble donc s'accompagner d'une atteinte de réseau plus importante lorsqu'elle se situe dans l'hémisphère dominant pour le langage.2. La connectivité hippocampo-thalamique est augmentée du côté de la SH. Cette augmentation semble dysfonctionnelle, car corrélée avec une baisse de fonctions cognitives exécutives. 3.L'EEG de ces patients révèle des anomalies interictales ipsi-latérales qui sont corrélées avec une diminution de fonctions cognitives exécutives. Nos données confirment ainsi le concept de l'épilepsie du lobe temporal en tant que pathologie de réseau. L'atteinte structurelle, mais également cognitive s'étend sur des régions à distance de l'hippocampe et affecte notamment les réseaux de langage de l'hémisphère dominant
Our vision of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis has much evolved in recent years. Initially regarded as a disease centered on a single lesion, it is now perceived as a genuine network disease, which we intended to explore with a multimodal approach. We examined structural connectivity, fMRI, EEG and cognitive dysfunction in a cohort of 44 patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS, 22 with right, 22 with left HS) and 28 healthy age and gender matched control participants. Cortical regions of interest and hippocampal volumes were determined with Freesurfer, structural connectivity with MRtrix (pairwise disconnections and component effects with Network Based Statistics), or for hippocampal-thalamic connections with FSL. We found a pronounced pattern of disconnections most notably in the left hemisphere of patients with left TLE. Network Based Statistics showed large bi hemispheric clusters lateralized to the diseased side in both left and right temporal lobe epilepsy. We suggest that hippocampal sclerosis is associated with widespread disconnections if situated in the dominant hemisphere. We then determined streamline connections between hippocampus and thalamus and found an increase in connections in relation to the HS. This increase was seemingly dysfunctional as the number of hippocampal-thalamic connections was negatively correlated with performance in executive tasks. EEG analysis revealed predominantly ipsilateral epileptic discharge. The number of sharp waves was highly correlated with a number of executive functions depending on the frontal lobe, hence at distance of the HS. Our data thus confirms the concept of temporal lobe epilepsy as a network disease that finds its expression both in widespread, though lateralized alterations of structural connectivity and in neuropsychological dysfunction way beyond the hippocampus

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30

Tramoni, Eve. "Approche neuropsychologique des bases anatomo-fonctionnelles de la mémoire relationnelle". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20665.

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La mémoire déclarative repose très largement sur les structures temporales internes. La question de l’existence de dissociations fonctionnelles au sein de ces structures est débattue. Par une approche neuropsychologique, notre travail propose d’étudier la possibilité d’une dissociation entre mémoire des items uniques (MIU) et mémoire relationnelle (MR), cette dernière étant en charge de coder les relations spatiales et temporelles entre ces items. La mémoire autobiographique (Mau) en incarne la forme la plus représentative. Les trois premières études apportent des arguments en faveur de l’existence d’une dissociation fonctionnelle entre MR et MIU. Nous montrons i) la présence d’une atteinte de la MIU contrastant avec une préservation de la MR chez 3 patients présentant un syndrome amnésique d’origine neurodégénérative (amnésie pure progressive) ii) la dissociation inverse, apparaissant à long terme chez 5 patients souffrant d’une épilepsie temporale. Les trois études suivantes évaluent les mécanismes susceptibles de générer une altération de la Mau. Nous montrons que ces derniers sont multiples, pouvant relever i) d’un blocage de l’accès aux souvenirs, sous l’influence de différents facteurs (lésionnels, émotionnels et motivationnels) dans un cas d’amnésie fonctionnelle, ii) d’un déficit plus général de la restitution chez des patients présentant un déficit cognitif léger (MCI), et/ou iii) d’une atteinte associée de la consolidation à court (MCI) ou long terme (patients épileptiques). Ce travail contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes sous-tendant les processus de consolidation et de récupération des informations en mémoire déclarative.

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Shrager, Yael. "Human declarative memory and the medial temporal lobe evidence from patients with medial temporal lobe lesions /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3306982.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 1, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-68).

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Lippincott, Cynthia E. Williams J. Michael. "An investigation of extra-temporal deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy /". Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3269.

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Benini, Ruba Sayed. "GABAergic signalling in temporal lobe epilepsy". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111818.

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Earlier studies on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), by focusing on the anatomical and electrophysiological abnormalities of the hippocampus, have attributed a major role to this limbic structure in the process of epileptogenesis and seizure generation. Recently however, there has been increasing evidence from both animal and human studies that other limbic structures, including the subiculum, the entorhinal cortex (EC, perirhinal cortex (PC) as well as the amygdala, are possibly involved in the process of epileptogenesis. With the help of both acute and chronic models of limbic seizures, I have used an electrophysiological approach to gain more insight into the mechanisms through which these structures could participate in the establishment of hyperexcitable neuronal networks. Particularly, my investigations have focused on assessing the role played by the subiculum, the amygdala and the PC in epileptiform synchronization in vitro. My findings demonstrate that seizure-induced cell damage in chronically epileptic mice results in a change in limbic network interactions whereby EC ictogenesis is sustained via a reverberant EC-subiculum pathway ( Chapter 1). Furthermore, I have discovered that the subiculum, which holds an anatomically strategic position within the hippocampus, is capable of gating hippocampul output activity via a GABAA-receptor mediated mechanism (Chapter 2). My investigations in the amygdala have confirmed that this limbic structure contributes to epileptiform synchronization (Chapter 3). Moreover, using a chronic rat model of TLE, I have found novel evidence suggesting that alterations in inhibitory mechanisms play a role in the increased excitability of the lateral amygdalar nucleus (Chapter 4). Finally, my studies in chronically epileptic rats have also led to preliminary data signifying hyperexcitability of the PC as well alterations in the interactions between the amygdala and this cortical structure (Chapter 5).

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34

Morgan, Lisa. "Social cognition in temporal lobe epilepsy". Thesis, University of East London, 2011. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3675/.

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This study addressed social cognition in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Social cognition encompasses a range of functions, for example, those requiring the attribution of emotional states, and those requiring mental state inferences to be made ('theory of mind'). The area of social cognition has evolved from developmental explanations of theory of mind, which have been extrapolated for their empirical application to adult populations, often using neuroimaging and neuropsychological paradigms. The present study may help to raise awareness of social cognitive difficulties in TLE and may inform clinical neuropsychological assessment protocols. A feature of the existing literature is the lack of consistency in methodologies. This study drew upon methodology described in previous relevant studies in order that findings were more comparable. A range of standardised measures of general intellectual functioning, verbal and visual memory, and verbal and nonverbal executive function tasks were administered alongside social cognition tasks, assessing recognition of emotional expressions, attributing mental states to eyes, attributing mental state inferences in stories and cartoons, and detecting and describing violations of social etiquette. A group of 25 patients with TLE were compared with 42 typically developed and intact (TDI) participants matched for age, education and general abilities. The TLE group scored lower on all social cognition measures, but in the context of similar difficulties in visual and verbal memory, and verbal aspects of executive functioning. There were no significant effects of laterality (hemispheric focus of the TLE). Variables influencing performance on social cognition tasks were examined. The results are discussed in terms of the relevant literature and possible underlying mechanisms of difficulties, and recommendations for future research made on this basis.

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Buck, Sarah. "Memory in paediatric temporal lobe epilepsy". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057610/.

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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of epilepsy and is frequently associated with memory and learning impairments. Medically intractable and lesion-based TLE occurs in 20-30% of the patients, in which case a surgical intervention is proposed. However, there is a clear gap in knowledge about pre-operative memory status in children undergoing surgery and post-operative memory outcome. It is unclear whether paediatric patients show material-specific memory impairments associated with side of pathology and whether specific memory processes are affected more than others, i.e. learning, recall and recognition. Lastly, as opposed to language lateralisation, the neural representation of memory is unknown and memory fMRI has never been explored in paediatric TLE. The aim of this project is therefore to investigate the hippocampal-neocortical network that is at risk of compromise given learning and recall deficits in paediatric TLE at the pre-operative level in order to contribute to the prediction of outcome after surgery. I developed a neuropsychological protocol and a neuroimaging protocol for the investigation of pre-operative memory functions. The neuropsychological protocol is a tablet-based version of a paired-associate learning paradigm that allows comparisons between verbal and non-verbal memory. I validated this protocol in normally-developing children (N=130, 8-18 years). The neuroimaging protocol is a combined language and memory fMRI task that allows the investigation of the interaction between the two networks within one scanning session. This protocol was also validated in normally-developing children (N=28, 8-18 years). The feasibility of these protocols for clinical assessments was explored in a representative sample of children with TLE who were being considered for surgery (N=6, 12-18 years). These protocols add value to the diagnosis of memory impairments associated with paediatric TLE and provide a better understanding of pre-operative memory profile at the individual level. The findings also contribute towards the use of memory fMRI in the surgical decision-making process. Combining information from these protocols could provide prognostic indicators of outcome after surgery.

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Arcot, Desai Sharanya. "Multielectrode microstimulation for temporal lobe epilepsy". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50384.

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Multielectrode arrays may have several advantages compared to the traditional single macroelectrode brain electrical stimulation technique including less tissue damage due to implantation and the ability to deliver several spatio-temporal patterns of stimulation. Prior work on cell cultures has shown that multielectrode arrays are capable of completely stopping seizure-like spontaneous bursting events through a distributed asynchronous multi-site approach. In my studies, I used a similar approach for controlling seizures in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. First, I developed a new method of electroplating in vivo microelectrode arrays for durably improving their impedance. I showed that microelectrode arrays electroplated through the new technique called sonicoplating, required the least amount of voltage in current controlled stimulation studies and also produced the least amplitude and duration of stimulation artifact compared to unplated, DC electroplated or pulse-plated microelectrodes. Second, using c-fos immunohistochemistry, I showed that 16-electrode sonicoplated microelectrode arrays can activate 5.9 times more neurons in the dorsal hippocampus compared to a single macroelectrodes while causing < 77% the tissue damage. Next, through open-loop multisite asynchronous microstimulation, I reduced seizure frequency by ~50% in the rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Preliminary studies aimed at using the same stimulation protocol in closed-loop responsive and predictive seizure control did not stop seizures. Finally, through an internship at Medtronic Neuromodulation, I worked on developing and implementing a rapid algorithm prototyping research tool for closed-loop human deep brain stimulation applications.

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37

Sidhu, M. K. "Episodic memory in temporal lobe epilepsy". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1471130/.

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Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have significant material specific episodic memory impairments with greater verbal and visual memory deficits accompanying left and right TLE respectively. More recently, however, widespread cognitive deficits have been described in patients with TLE in keeping with morphological and functional abnormalities that extend beyond the temporal lobes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has demonstrated reorganisation of memory encoding networks within the temporal lobe in TLE, but little is known of the extra-temporal networks in these patients. Memory fMRI as a tool for predicting memory decline after anterior temporal lobe resection has been explored but a clinically applicable algorithm has yet to be defined. Fewer studies have described the changes in the memory encoding networks after temporal lobe surgery. This thesis presents methodological developments and novel applications to describe the pre-operative and post-operative verbal and visual memory networks in those with unilateral TLE. Pre-operatively, I investigated extra-temporal areas of memory reorganisation in left and right TLE patients, quantitatively compared to healthy controls. Novel findings include the ‘efficiency’ of extra-temporal reorganisation to successful memory formation. Next, using clinical parameters such as age at onset of epilepsy, epilepsy duration and seizure frequency as continuous regressors, I described the factors affecting verbal and visual memory reorganisation in TLE. In a separate pre-operative study, I used an alternative fMRI analysis method, multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) that focuses on the patterns of activity across voxels 4 in specific brain regions that are associated with individual memory traces. I used MVPA-fMRI to assess the functional integrity of the hippocampi and other medial temporal lobe structures in patients with unilateral TLE. Next, I explored the predictive ability of temporal and extra-temporal activations in predicting post-operative verbal memory decline in left and right TLE patients and described a method of using memory fMRI as a clinically applicable tool in patients who had anterior temporal lobe resection. Finally, I explored memory encoding network plasticity four and 12 months after anterior temporal lobe resection. In this study, controls were also scanned at similar time intervals to patients. I report for the first time, dynamic changes in the memory encoding network four and 12 months after surgery, relative to changes in controls. Novel findings also include the efficiency of these post-operative networks. In this thesis, I also discuss methodological constraints, clinical applications and future directions.

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Rondouin, Gérard. "L'épilepsie du lobe temporal : approche expérimentale". Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11251.

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Testa, S. Marc. "DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin997801556.

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Peret, Angelique. "Rôle des récepteurs Kaïnate dans la physiopathologie de l'épilepsie du lobe temporal". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4068.

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Le kaïnate, est une puissante neurotoxine connue pour induire des convulsions qui rappellent celles trouvées chez les patients atteints d'épilepsie du lobe temporal (ELT). Cependant, le rôle des récepteurs kaïnate activés par le glutamate endogène dans l'ELT n'est pas encore connu. Chez les patients atteints d'ELT et dans les modèles animaux, le tissu neuronal subit une réorganisation majeure. Ce phénomène est particulièrement bien documenté dans le gyrus denté où les axones des cellules granulaires, bourgeonnent pour former un circuit récurrent excitateur aberrant. L'équipe a montré que ces synapses récurrentes moussues nouvellement formées sont aberrantes dans leurs modes de fonctionnement. En effet, en plus des synapses opérant via des récepteurs glutamatergiques de type AMPA présentes en conditions physiologiques, la moitié des synapses aberrantes fonctionnent via des récepteurs de type kaïnate. Les évènements générés par les récepteurs kaïnate ont une cinétique lente, leur permettant de s'intégrer dans une fenêtre temporelle anormalement étendue engendrant un taux de décharge soutenu et fortement rythmique des cellules du gyrus denté de rats épileptiques. L'objectif de mon travail de thèse a été d'étudier l'implication des récepteurs kaïnate dans les activités épileptiques de l'hippocampe. En utilisant différents modèles d'ELT nous avons pu observer que l'absence de ces récepteurs induit une forte diminution de la fréquence des activités épileptiformes dans le gyrus denté in vitro mais également in vivo. Cette étude démontre que les récepteurs kaïnate contenant la sous-unité GluK2 contribuent à la genèse des crises
Kainate is a potent neurotoxin known to induce acute seizures. However, whether kainate receptors play any role in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is not yet known. In animal models of chronic epilepsy, as in human TLE, the hippocampus displays major network reorganization. In particular, sprouting of hippocampal mossy fibers leads to the formation of powerful recurrent excitatory circuits among dentate granule cells, which partly accounts for the enhanced ability of the hippocampus to generate epileptiform activity in human patients and animal models of TLE. At the aberrant recurrent excitatory synapses, mossy fiber inputs impinging on dentate granule cells operate mostly via ectopic kainate receptors and drive synaptic events with abnormal long lasting kinetics not present in naïve conditions. The goal of this work was to explore the pathophysiological implications of kainate receptors in generation of recurrent seizure in TLE through the use of kainate receptors subunit deficient mice and selected pharmacological agents. In an animal model of TLE, we observed a strong reduction of both interictal and ictal activities in the dentate gyrus in vitro and in vivo, in mice lacking the GluK2 subunit, and through the application of a pharmacological agent inhibiting GluK2/GluK5 receptors. Therefore, we demonstrate that aberrant GluK2-containing kainate receptors contribute to chronic seizures in TLE, urging for the development of antiepileptic strategies targeting these receptors

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Alonso, Fernández Irene. "The role of the medial temporal lobe in binding lyrics and melodies : a neuropsychological and neuroimaging approach". Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30009/document.

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Les chansons lient naturellement des mélodies à des paroles. Elles représentent l’une des formes les plus utilisées de l’expression musicale. De façon intéressante, les chansons nécessitent l’intégration simultanée d’informations verbales (les paroles) et d’informations musicales (la mélodie) pour former une seule trace mnésique. Le lobe temporal médian a été identifié comme région clé pour la mémoire épisodique et en particulier pour le processus de binding, qui consiste en la liaison de plusieurs éléments d’un souvenir. Néanmoins, les mécanismes par lesquels le cerveau réalise la liaison entre paroles et mélodies dans la mémoire des chansons restent peu connus. L’objectif de cette thèse est de montrer le rôle du lobe temporal médian dans le processus de binding de paroles et mélodies pour la création d’un souvenir unifié d’une chanson. Premièrement, nous avons étudié les effets d’une sclérose unilatérale de l’hippocampe associée à une épilepsie du lobe temporal sur le processus de mémorisation des chansons en IRM fonctionnelle (étude 1). Les patients avec une sclérose de l’hippocampe gauche avaient un déficit d’adaptation aux paroles et de la représentation intégrée des chansons. Puis, nous avons étudié l’organisation fonctionnelle de la mémoire des chansons dans une étude d’IRM fonctionnelle chez des volontaires sains (étude 2). Les résultats ont montré l’implication de l’hippocampe dans le processus de binding en mémoire des chansons ainsi que l’implication d’autres structures comme le gyrus frontal inférieur, les ganglions de la base et le cervelet. Enfin, dans une dernière étude (étude 3), nous avons examine la mémoire des chansons et plus particulièrement la mémoire de l’association (binding) des paroles au contexte musical chez des patients ayant bénéficié d’une résection unilatérale du lobe temporal médian pour traiter une épilepsie pharmacorésistante. La mémoire des paroles ainsi que celle du contexte mélodique des chansons a été testé dans une tâche explicite de reconnaissance. Un fort déficit en reconnaissance de paroles a été constaté chez les patients avec une lésion temporale gauche, et à un moindre degré chez les patients avec une lésion temporale droite. Ce déficit a été corrélé avec des déficits de la mémoire verbale. L'étude 3 suggère, en outre, que les structures du lobe temporal médian peuvent être cruciales pour le codage de la liaison détaillée entre les paroles et leur contexte mélodique, tandis que les effets implicites d'une représentation intégrée de la chanson peuvent être épargnés après des lésions du lobe temporal médian. Pour conclure, ces trois études ont apporté de nouvelles données sur le rôle du lobe temporal médian dans le processus de binding dans le domaine musical. Ce travail a également permis d’identifier un vaste réseau de régions corticales et sous-corticales impliqué dans l’encodage de nouvelles chansons avant de discuter les implications théoriques et cliniques de ces recherches
Songs naturally couple music with language, constituting one of the most broadly used forms of music expression. Interestingly, songs require the simultaneous and integrated process of verbal (lyrics) and musical (melody) information to form a single memory trace. The medial temporal lobe has been identified as the key region for the integration of features of an event in episodic memory, also called the binding function. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the brain binds lyrics and melodies in song memory remain poorly understood. The purpose of this thesis is to elucidate the role of the MTL on the binding of lyrics and melodies for the creation of a unified song memory trace. First, the effects of unilateral hippocampus sclerosis on song processing were investigated in an fMR-adaptation study (Study 1). Patients with left hippocampal sclerosis showed adaptation deficits in response to lyrics as well as to the integrated representation of songs. To further explore the relation of these results with the emergence of memory for songs, the functional architecture of song memory was examined in a subsequent memory fMRI study (Study 2). The results support the implication of the hippocampus in song binding. Furthermore, the role of other structures, including the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), the Basal Ganglia (BG) and cerebellum was highlighted and discussed. Finally, Study 2 was adapted to test binding in patients following a unilateral temporal lobe excision for the relief of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy behaviorally in Study 3. Memory for lyrics as well for their melodic context was tested in an explicit recognition task. A strong deficit in lyrics recognition was found in patients with a left temporal lesion, and to a smaller degree in patients with a right temporal lesion. This deficit was correlated with deficits in verbal memory. Evidence from Study 3 further suggests that MTL structures may be crucial for encoding the detailed binding of lyrics with their melodic context, whereas implicit effects of an integrated representation of the song may be spared after MTL lesions. Altogether the studies presented in this thesis provide novel evidence for the role of the medial temporal lobe structures in binding lyrics and melodies for song memory. The present thesis proposes a comprehensive network of cortical and subcortical regions cooperating to successfully encode new songs. Finally, theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are considered

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42

Gibb, Catherine Elizabeth. "Temporal lobe epilepsy : the effects on language". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362519.

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Fischer, Mark. "Working Memory Intervention in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447689793.

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Sheilabi, Marim Abdelghani. "Studies of biomarkers in temporal lobe epilepsy". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713507.

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Purpose: Refractory temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) affects about 30% of TLE patients, where antiepileptic drugs are not effective in controlling seizures. These patients become candidates for surgical treatment which is effective in only 60-70% of cases. In addition, surgical treatment causes memory and cognitive impairments as well as psychopathological disturbance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate potential biomarkers in surgically resected sclerotic TLE-HS (n = 49) and non-spiking superior temporal gyrus samples (TLE-STG; n = 25) from TLE patients and post-mortem hippocampi (PMC; n = 10), in order to increase our understanding of refractory TLE pathophysiology and help in identifying new potential drug targets for treatment of TLE patients. Methods: GABAb receptor subunits were investigated in TLE-HS, TLE-STG and PMC tissue by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and quantitative western blot (WB) techniques. Alterations in expressions of SGK1, SCN4B, IP3R1 and SYNPR were investigated in TLE-HS, TLE-STG and PMC specimens by qRT-PCR and WB. The transcriptome profiling of TLE-HS, TLE- STG and PMC samples was done by microarray analysis (MA). MA was followed by functional annotation clustering analysis (FAC) of the MA differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Genes from FAC analysis were further investigated by qRT-PCR. MA Aquaporin (AQP1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11) expressions were further validated by qRT-PCR. Results: Expression of the inhibitory GABAB2 receptor subunit was significantly up regulated in TLE-HS compared to PMC but its expression was reduced in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG.The expression of SCN4B, IP3R1 and SYNPR, which are involved in regulating neuronal excitability, were significantly reduced in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG and were significantly increased compared to PMC. The expression of SGK1 mRNA was significantly increased in TLE-HS compared to both TLE-STG and PMC. MA analysis revealed 1821 genes were significantly up regulated and 1511 genes were significantly down regulated in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG and PMC. The first cluster from FAC analysis of DEGs showed that the up regulated inflammatory genes such as cytokines had the highest enrichment score. The qRT-PCR data showed that expression of IL-13, IL-18, Fas, ICAM-1, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL12, CXCR4 and CX3CR1 were significantly higher in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG and PMC therefore validating MA data. AQP1 and -4, which are involved in water homeostasis, were significantly up regulated in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG. AQP11 expression was significantly reduced in TLE-HS while AQP3, -5, -8 and -9 were not significantly altered in TLE-HS compared to TLE-STG and PMC. Discussion: The significant dysregulation of biomarker expression investigated in this study indicate that different biological processes such as neuronal excitability, neuronal and astrocytic energy metabolism, neurogenesis, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, intracellular calcium and water homeostasis are affected in the epileptogenic TLE-HS tissue. These biomarkers seem to be associated with TLE-HS pathophysiology. Furthermore, they highlight the role of neuronal, astrocytic, microglia and endothelial cell dysfunction in TLE-HS pathology. In conclusion, the biomarkers investigated increased our understanding of biological processes affected in TLE-HS pathophysiology and they represent potential drug targets for refractory TLE-HS. However, further research is still needed to understand the temporal and spatial changes of those genes and their proteins during TLE.

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Browne, Georgina Emily. "Nonverbal memory assessment in temporal lobe epilepsy". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429590.

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Bonelli-Nauer, S. B. "Cognitive functional MRI in temporal lobe epilepsy". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1455537/.

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Anterior temporal lobe resections (ATLR) provide an effective treatment option for patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) rendering up to 70% of them seizure free. The goal of epilepsy surgery is to remove the brain areas generating the seizures without causing neuropsychological deficits such as language or memory dysfunction. Furthermore up to 60% of patients with TLE suffer from emotional disturbances following surgery. The principle aim of the work presented in this thesis was to improve presurgical evaluation of patients with TLE by using cognitive functional MRI (fMRI) to non-invasively localise brain areas that are essential for processing cognitive function such as language and memory function and emotional and social behaviour. 150 consecutive patients and 40 healthy controls were included in our experiments. Different fMRI paradigms for the evaluation of cognitive functions have been implemented on a 3 Tesla scanner. All subjects underwent language and memory fMRI and standard neuropsychological assessment; those patients who proceeded to have temporal lobe surgery were reinvestigated 4 months following ATLR. We studied the efficiency of reorganisation of language and memory function due to the underlying disease and in particular following ATLR. Amygdala fMRI was used to investigate potential implications on emotional and social outcome. A major part of the work included in this thesis has concentrated on the use of fMRI for the exploration and prediction of postoperative complications such as language and memory impairment but also emotional disturbances. When used in concert with other MR imaging modalities the results of these methods can be used to improve surgical strategies tailored to individual patients with regard to functional outcome, by virtue of definition of epileptic cerebral areas that need to be resected and eloquent areas that need to be spared.

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Kourdougli, Nazim. "Hippocampal structural reactive plasticity in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy : chloride homeostasis as a keystone". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4091.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif spécifique d’explorer les événements précoces pouvant être à l’origine du bourgeonnement aberrant des fibres moussues (FM) du gyrus denté, une réorganisation majeure dans l’Epilepsie du Lobe Tempora (ELT). Nous avons utilisé le modèle pilocarpine d’ELT chez le rat afin de montrer que la transmission GABAergique jouait un rôle prépondérant dans la formation des FM aberrantes au cours de l’épileptogenèse. Ceci étant due à une altération de l’homéostasie chlore, suite à une augmentation de l’expression du co-transporteur NKCC1 et une diminution du co-transporteur KCC2. Nos résultats ont démontré que le récepteur aux neurotrophines p75NTR était un médiateur de l’action trophique de la réponse GABAergique dépolarisante sur le bourgeonnement aberrant des FM. Le blocage de l’action dépolarisante de la transmission GABAergique via l’utilisation de la bumétanide, a permis de réduire le bourgeonnement aberrant des MF en réduisant l’expression de p75NTR. Enfin, l’application transitoire de la bumétanide au cours de l’épileptogenèse a abouti à la réduction du nombre de crises récurrentes et spontanées au cours de la phase chronique d’ELT chez le rat. Ce travail a permis de dévoiler les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents de la réorganisation du réseau neuronal glutamatergique consécutif à une crise inaugurale dans un modèle d’ELT. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse apporte un éclairage nouveau sur l’importance de l’interaction de la signalisation GABAergique avec les neurotrophines afin d’orchestrer la plasticité réactive au sein de l’hippocampe dans TLE
The present dissertation undertakes to investigate the early triggering events of the mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in the dentate gyrus, a hallmark of hippocampal reactive plasticity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). We used the rat pilocarpine model of TLE to show that altered GABAA receptor-mediated transmission play a key role in the formation of early ectopic MFS during epileptogenesis. This is likely due to a compromised chloride homeostasis, as a result of increased expression of chloride loader NKCC1 and downregulation of the neuronal chloride extruder KCC2. We next addressed the mechanistic action of depolarizing GABAAR responses with regard to neurotrophin signaling. Our findings uncovered that the pan neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) mediated the sculpting action of depolarizing GABAAR responses on the ectopic MFS. Blockade of depolarizing GABAAR responses using the loop diuretic bumetanide reduced abnormal p75NTR subsequently decreased the ectopic MFS. Finally, transitory application of bumetanide during epileptogenesis resulted in reduction of spontaneous and recurrent seizures during the chronic phase of TLE. The rationale of this work is that unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying the hippocampal post-seizure glutamatergic network rewiring will help to drive future novel therapeutic avenues involving chloride homeostasis and neurotrophin interplay. Overall, this dissertation shed a new light on how GABAergic transmission and neurotrophin signaling crosstalk can orchestrate reactive hippocampal plasticity in TLE

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Amorim, Barbara Juarez. "Analise estatistica baseada em voxel do SPECT cerebral em pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313716.

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Orientadores: Fernando Cendes, Elba Cristina Sa de Camargo Etchebehere
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T16:14:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amorim_BarbaraJuarez_D.pdf: 19998647 bytes, checksum: 077344d8015d725dd9cde43d2987f38d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O statistical parametric mapping (SPM) é uma ferramenta de quantificação que tem sido usada no SPECT de perfusão cerebral (SPECT), mas apenas poucos trabalhos na literatura comparam a sua sensibilidade com a da análise visual em pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal (ELT) OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade da análise com SPM no SPECT em detectar o foco epileptogênico e alterações perfusionais em regiões extra-temporais em pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial (ELTM), comparando os seus achados com os da análise visual MÉTODOS: Foram realizados SPECTs ictal e interictal em 22 pacientes com ELTM refratários ao tratamento clínico. O lado do foco epileptogênico foi definido com base na história clínica, ressonância magnética, eletroencefaiogramas seriados e telemetria. Os SPECTs foram submetidos à análise visual sendo que os SPECTs interictal e ictal foram analisados em conjunto pelos observadores (SPECT-visual-inter e SPECT-visual-ictal). Foi aplicado o SPM2 que comparou os pacientes com um grupo controle de 50 indivíduos normais. No SPM foram realizadas as seguintes comparações: grupo de SPECT interictal com o grupo controle (SPM-grupo-inter); SPECT interictal de cada paciente com o grupo controle (SPM-indiv-inter); grupo de SPECT ictal com o grupo controle (SPM-grupo-ictal); SPECT ictal de cada paciente com o grupo controle (SPM-indiv-ictal). Foram também comparadas as intensidades das alterações perfusionais nos lobos temporais procurando-se por um aumento da perfusão no SPECT ictal em relação ao interictal (SPM-indiv-ictal/inter). RESULTADOS: Não foi observada nenhuma alteração perfusional significativa no SPM-grupo-inter Já no SPM-grupo-ictal o foco epileptogênico foi a região de hiperperfusão mais significativa No SPM-indiv-inter a sensibilidade na localização do foco foi de 45% e no SPM-indiv-ictal a sensibilidade foi de 64%. O SPM-indiv-ictal/inter apresentou a maior sensibilidade para detectar o foco dentre as análises realizadas no SPM (77%) A sensibilidade do SPECT-visual-inter foi de 68% e para o SPECT-visuai-ictal foi de 100%. Por outro lado, diversas áreas de hiperperfusão e hipoperfusão à distância no SPECT ictal foram detectadas principalmente com o SPM CONCLUSÃO: O SPM é uma ferramenta que não depende do operador e é capaz de demonstrar mais áreas de alteração perfusional à distância do foco epileptogênico do que a análise visual. Ele pode ajudar a entender melhor a patofisiologia das crises epilépticas em pacientes com ELTM estudando a relação das diferentes regiões corticais e subcorticais na gênese e na propagação das crises parciais. Entretanto, essa ferramenta não acrescentou um aumento na sensibilidade na localização do foco epileptogênico em relação á análise visual, tanto do SPECT interictal quanto do SPECT ictal
Abstract: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is a quantitative tool which has been used in the brain perfusion SPECT (SPECT) However, few works in literature compare its sensitivity with the visual analysis in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). PURPOSE: To investigate the capability of SPM analysis in SPECT to detect the epileptogenic focus and distant perfusion abnormalities in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and to compare these findings to the visual analysis. METHODS: Interictal and ictal SPECTs of 22 patients with refractory MTLE were performed. Epileptic foci were determined based on clinical history, magnetic resonance, electroencephalograms (EEG) and ictal video-EEG. SPECTs were submitted to visual analysis. Ictal and interictal SPECTs were analyzed together by the nuclear physicians (SPECT-visual-inter and SPECT-visual-ictal). It was also performed the SPM2 analysis which used a control group composed of 50 volunteers. The following comparisons were performed in SPM: interictal SPECT group with control group (SPM-group-inter); interictal SPECT from each patient with control group (SPM-indiv-inter); ictal SPECT group with control group (SPM-group-ictal), ictal SPECT from each patient with control group (SPM-indiv-ictal). It was also compared the perfusion intensity in temporal lobes looking for an increase in perfusion on ictal SPECT in relation to interictal SPECT (SPM-indiv-ictal/inter). RESULTS: No significant perfusion alterations were observed on SPM-group-inter. On the other hand, the epileptogenic temporal lobe was the region with most significant hypoperfusion on SPM-group-ictal. The sensitivity to localize the focus on SPM-indiv-inter was 45% and on SPM-indiv-ictal was 64%. The SPM-indiv ictal/inter revealed the highest sensitivity among the SPM analysis to detect the focus (77%). The sensitivity of SPECT-visual-inter was 68% and to SPECT-visual-ictal was 100%. On the other hand, several areas of distant hypoperfusion and hypoperfusion were detected mainly with SPM. CONCLUSION: SPM is a tool which does not depend on the operator and can detect more distant perfusion abnormalities than the visual analysis. It can improve the understanding of pathophysiology in seizures of patients with MTLE by studying the relation among different cortical and subcortical areas in the genesis and propagation of partial seizures. However, this tool did not increase the visual analysis sensitivity to localize the epileptogenic focus in interictal SPECT as well as in ictal SPECT
Doutorado
Neurologia
Doutor em Ciências Médicas

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Petty, Karen Hammack. "Pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy versus frontal lobe epilepsy : how does cognitive performance differ ? /". Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1414130851&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1221160824&clientId=22256.

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Booth, Michael C. A. "Temporal lobe mechanisms for view-invariant object recognition". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299094.

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