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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Template based Nanoscaled Films"
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Mitra, S., A. Mandal, S. Banerjee, A. Datta, S. Bhattacharya, A. Bose i D. Chakravorty. "Template based growth of nanoscaled films: a brief review". Indian Journal of Physics 85, nr 5 (maj 2011): 649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-011-0067-x.
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Kashi, M. Almasi, i A. H. Montazer. "Template-based electrodeposited nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire arrays as building blocks of future nanoscale applications". Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, nr 23 (15.02.2022): 233002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4d48.
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Abstract Realizing promising materials for use in next-generation devices at the nanoscale is of enormous importance from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire (NW) arrays fabricated by template-based electrodeposition techniques have long been considered as good candidates for this purpose. In this review, we focus on the fabrication techniques and characterizations of electrochemically deposited NWs with single, binary, ternary and multilayered component structures mostly carried out in our group. Particular attention is paid to the crystalline and magnetic characteristics (coercivity, squareness, magnetic phase, interactions and magnetization reversal modes) of NW arrays embedded in mild and hard anodized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with different pore diameters. The pulsed alternating current electrodeposition technique is proposed as a versatile approach in high-efficiency filling of the AAO templates, while also allowing for tuning magnetic properties of the resultant NWs. The first-order reversal curve analysis is also highlighted as an advanced characterization tool for nanomagnet arrays. Finally, potential cutting-edge nanoscale applications (magnetic information storage, energy storage and conversion, electronics, biosensing, microwave absorption and giant magnetoresistance) of magnetic NWs are presented.
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O'Neil, Adam, i James J. Watkins. "Fabrication of Device Nanostructures Using Supercritical Fluids". MRS Bulletin 30, nr 12 (grudzień 2005): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.250.
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AbstractSupercritical fluids including carbon dioxide offer a combination of properties that are uniquely suited for device fabrication at the nanoscale. Liquid-like densities, favorable transport properties, and the absence of surface tension enable solution-based processing in an environment that behaves much like a gas. These characteristics provide a means for extending “top-down” processing methods including metal deposition, cleaning, etching, and surface modification chemistries to the smallest device features. The interaction of carbon dioxide with polymeric materials also enables complete structural specification of nanostructured metal oxide films using a “bottom-up” approach in which deposition reactions are conducted within sacrificial, pre-organized templates dilated by the fluid. The result is high-fidelity replication of the template structure in a new material. In particular, block copolymer templates yield well-ordered porous silica and titania films containing spherical or vertically aligned pores that can serve as device substrates for applications in microelectronics, detection arrays, and energy conversion. Finally, the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanowires in supercritical fluids is developing rapidly and offers promise for the efficient production of well-defined materials. In this review, we summarize these developments and discuss their potential for nextgeneration device fabrication.
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Kuncicky, Daniel M., Steven D. Christesen i Orlin D. Velev. "Role of the Micro- and Nanostructure in the Performance of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates Assembled from Gold Nanoparticles". Applied Spectroscopy 59, nr 4 (kwiecień 2005): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702053641559.
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Highly active and stable substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can be fabricated by using colloidal crystals to template gold nanoparticles into structured porous films. The structure-dependent performance of these SERS substrates was systematically characterized with cyanide in continuous flow microfluidic chambers. A matrix of experiments was designed to isolate the SERS contributions arising from nano- and microscale porosity, long-range ordering of the micropores, and the thickness of the nanoparticle layer. The SERS results were compared to the substrate structure observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy to correlate substrate structure to SERS performance. The Raman peak intensity was consistently highest for nanoporous substrates with three-dimensionally ordered micropores, and decreases if the micropores are not ordered or not templated. Removing the nanoscale porosity by fusion of the nanoparticles (without removing the large micropores) leads to a drastic plunge in substrate performance. The peak intensity does not strongly correlate to the thickness of the nanoparticle films. The results make possible the efficient controlled fabrication of stable, reproducible, and highly active substrates for SERS based chemical sensors with continuous sampling.
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Miecznikowski, Krzysztof, i James A. Cox. "Electroanalysis based on stand-alone matrices and electrode-modifying films with silica sol-gel frameworks: a review". Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 24, nr 11-12 (1.08.2020): 2617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04697-w.
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Abstract Silica sol-gel matrices and its organically modified analogues that contain aqueous electrolytes, ionic liquids, or other ionic conductors constitute stand-alone solid-state electrochemical cells when hosting electrodes or serve as modifying films on working electrodes in conventional cells. These materials facilitate a wide variety of analytical applications and are employed in various designs of power sources. In this review, analytical applications are the focus. Solid-state cells that serve as gas sensors, including in chromatographic detectors of gas-phase analytes, are described. Sol-gel films that modify working electrodes to perform functions such as hosting electrochemical catalysts and acting as size-exclusion moieties that protect the electrode from passivation by adsorption of macromolecules are discussed with emphasis on pore size, structure, and orientation. Silica sol-gel chemistry has been studied extensively; thus, factors that control its general properties as frameworks for solid-state cells and for thin films on the working electrode are well characterized. Here, recent advances such as the use of dendrimers and of nanoscale beads in conjunction with electrochemically assisted deposition of silica to template pore size and distribution are emphasized. Related topics include replacing aqueous solutions as the internal electrolyte with room-temperature ionic liquids, using the sol-gel as an anchor for functional groups and modifying electrodes with silica-based composites.
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Halter, Wolfgang, Rahel Eisele, Dirk Rothenstein, Joachim Bill i Frank Allgöwer. "Moment Dynamics of Zirconia Particle Formation for Optimizing Particle Size Distribution". Nanomaterials 9, nr 3 (2.03.2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030333.
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We study the particle formation process of Zirconia ( ZrO 2 )-based material. With a model-based description of the particle formation process we aim for identifying the main growth mechanisms for different process parameters. After the introduction of a population balance based mathematical model, we derive the moment dynamics of the particle size distribution and compare the model to experimental data. From the fitted model we conclude that growth by molecular addition of Zr-tetramers or Zr-oligomers to growing particles as well as size-independent particle agglomeration takes place. For the purpose of depositing zirconia-based material (ZrbM) on a substrate, we determine the optimal process parameters such that the mineralization solution contains preferably a large number of nanoscaled particles leading to a fast and effective deposition on the substrate. Besides the deposition of homogeneous films, this also enables mineralization of nanostructured templates in a bioinspired mineralization process. The developed model is also transferable to other mineralization systems where particle growth occurs through addition of small molecular species or particle agglomeration. This offers the possibility for a fast determination of process parameters leading to an efficient film formation without carrying out extensive experimental investigations.
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Snyder, Joshua, Nenad Markovic i Vojislav Stamenkovic. "Single crystalline thin films as a novel class of electrocatalysts". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, nr 11 (2013): 1689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130916119s.
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The ubiquitous use of single crystal metal electrodes has garnered invaluable insight into the relationship between surface atomic structure and functional electrochemical properties. However, the sensitivity of their electrochemical response to surface orientation and the amount of precious metal required can limit their use. We present here a generally applicable procedure for producing thin metal films with a large proportion of atomically flat (111) terraces without the use of an epitaxial template. Thermal annealing in a controlled atmosphere induces long-range ordering of magnetron sputtered thin metal films deposited on an amorphous substrate. The ordering transition in these thin metal films yields characteristic (111) electrochemical signatures with minimal amount of material and provides an adequate replacement for oriented bulk single crystals. This procedure can be generalized towards a novel class of practical multimetallic thin film based electrocatalysts with tunable near-surface compositional profile and morphology. Annealing of atomically corrugated sputtered thin film Pt-alloy catalysts yields an atomically smooth structure with highly crystalline, (111)-like ordered and Pt segregated surface that displays superior functional properties, bridging the gap between extended/bulk surfaces and nanoscale systems.
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Seyyedi, Behnam. "Bio-inspired iron metal–carbon black based nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction". Pigment & Resin Technology 46, nr 4 (3.07.2017): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2016-0081.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce bio-inspired FeN4-S-C black nano-electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. The FeN4-S-C derived without pyrolysis of precursors in high temperature is recognized as a new electrocatalyst for the ORR in an alkaline electrolyte. For the proper design of bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR performance, chlorinated iron (II) phthalocyanine nanoparticles were used as templates for achieving the active sites in aqueous KOH by rotating disk electrode methods. The most active FeN4-S-C catalyst exhibited a remarkable ORR activity in the alkaline medium. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the possibility of nanoscale particles size (Ëœ5nm) of electrocatalyst, to achieve four-electron transfer mechanism and to exhibit much superior catalytic stability in measurements. This paper will shed light on bio-inspired FeN4-S-C materials for the ORR catalysis in alkaline fuel cells. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a new bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst for the ORR, which has activity nearby platinum/carbon electrocatalyst. Chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles have been used as FeN4 template, which is the key point for the ORR. Bio-inspired nano-electrocatalyst has been fabricated using chlorinated iron phthalocyanine, sodium sulphide and carbon black. Findings The particles’ size was 5 nm and electron transfer number was 4. Research limitations/implications The catalyst that is used in this method should be weighed carefully. In addition, the solvent should be a saturated solution of NaCl in water. Practical implications The method provides a simple and practical solution to improving the synthesis of iron-based catalyst for ORR. Originality/value The method for the synthesis of bio-inspired electrocatalyst was novel and can find numerous applications in industries, especially as ORR non-precious metal catalyst.
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Park, Se Yeon, Moonjeong Jang, Wooseok Song, Sun Sook Lee, Dae Ho Yoon i Ki-Seok An. "Boosted dielectric performance of organic–inorganic nanocomposites based on BaTiO3 via 2D TiO2 templates". Functional Composites and Structures 3, nr 4 (1.12.2021): 045009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac4279.
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Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid dielectrics composed of nanoscale ceramic fillers in polymer matrices have attracted considerable attention because they can overcome the inherent limitations such as the low dielectric constant, high dielectric loss, and low film density associated with mechanically flexible pristine polymer materials. Barium titanate (BaTiO3), a representative perovskite-based material with a high permittivity, is suitable for applications as nanofillers in nanocomposite dielectrics. X-ray diffraction combined with Raman analysis suggest that a two-step hydrothermal synthesis, which uses synthesized TiO2 nanosheets as a template, is an effective method for the synthesis of pure BaTiO3 nanoparticles compared with other methods. Ultrasonic treatment is employed to disperse BaTiO3 nanoparticles with different concentrations in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer, and the dielectric performance of the nanocomposite films has been examined. In this study, 20 wt% BaTiO3–PVA nanocomposite dielectric showed superior capacitance and dielectric constant performance, i.e. five times higher than that of the pristine PVA.
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Jeon, Sangheon, Jihye Lee, Rowoon Park, Jeonghwa Jeong, Min Chan Shin, Seong Un Eom, Jinyoung Park i Suck Won Hong. "Graphene Templated DNA Arrays and Biotin-Streptavidin Sensitive Bio-Transistors Patterned by Dynamic Self-Assembly of Polymeric Films Confined within a Roll-on-Plate Geometry". Nanomaterials 10, nr 8 (27.07.2020): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081468.
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Patterning of surfaces with a simple strategy provides insights into the functional interfaces by suitable modification of the surface by novel techniques. Especially, highly ordered structural topographies and chemical features from the wide range of interfaces have been considered as important characteristics to understand the complex relationship between the surface chemistries and biological systems. Here, we report a simple fabrication method to create patterned surfaces over large areas using evaporative self-assembly that is designed to produce a sacrificial template and lithographic etch masks of polymeric stripe patterns, ranging from micrometer to nanoscale. By facilitating a roll-on-plate geometry, the periodically patterned surface structures formed by repetitive slip-stick motions were thoroughly examined to be used for the deposition of the Au nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide (i.e., AuNPs, ~21 nm) and the formation of conductive graphene channels. The fluorescently labeled thiol-modified DNA was applied on the patterned arrays of graphene oxide (GO)/AuNPs, and biotin-streptavidin sensitive devices built with graphene-based transistors (GFETs, effective mobility of ~320 cm2 V−1 s−1) were demonstrated as examples of the platform for the next-generation biosensors with the high sensing response up to ~1 nM of target analyte (i.e., streptavidin). Our strategy suggests that the stripe patterned arrays of polymer films as sacrificial templates can be a simple route to creating highly sensitive biointerfaces and highlighting the development of new chemically patterned surfaces composed of graphene-based nanomaterials.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Template based Nanoscaled Films"
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Yu, Chun-Hsien, i 余俊賢. "Synthesis of MFI Zeolite Mesoporous Low-k Films Using Poly (ethylene oxide)-based Surfactants as Template". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04665508035151122344.
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碩士臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
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The synthesis of coating solutions with pure-silica-zeolite (PSZ) of MFI structure for low-k (dielectric constant) films applications was reported a few years ago. Although the k values can be around 2, the morphology of the films was poor. In order to solve this problem and to increase the mesopore volume in the films, the poly (ethylene oxide)-based non-ionic surfactants (such as Tween80, Tween60, Tween40 and Tween20) were added in the coating solution (with PSZ and MFI structure) in this research. The weight ratio of surfactant to tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, a silicon source) is 0.41. Two types of coating solutions with small crystalline particles or with large crystalline particles prepared through hydrothermal process were studied. The physical properties (dielectric constant, elastic modulus and harness) of the low-k films were characterized to make a comparison. Moreover, by burning away Tween in the films, the mesopores formed and the pore volume in the films should be increased, which may lower the k values of the films. Therefore, the nitrogen adsorption/ desorption measurements on different films were carried out at 77 K to characterize the effect of different Tweens on the pore volume and pore sizes in the low-k films. It was found in this research that the films synthesized with the addition of Tween80 had the lower k value and the higher mechanical strength (Elastic modulus and hardness), as compared with those prepared with the addition of the other types of Tween. Nitrogen adsorption/ desorption results indicate that the total pore volume is consistent with the molecular size of Tween; in other words, a larger molecular size of Tween possesses a higher total pore volume. However, the dielectric constants are not consistent with the porosity (total pore volume) variation of the low-k films. In order to address the phenomena, TGA/ DTA results were provided to study the interaction between hydroxyl groups and surfactant molecules or surfactant micelles in the coating solutions. The results suggest that the interaction result in that the hydroxyl groups would be located in the position where is hard to be modified to become hydrophobic after the surfactant were removed. Therefore, the k values would be influenced. The mechanical strength was also affected by the interactions between hydroxyl groups and the surfactant. From the results of 29Si solid state NMR spectra, a higher interaction would limit the polycondension reaction between hydroxyl groups during the stirring step. As a result, the low-k films would have a more completed polycondensation reaction among the hydroxyl groups after the calcinations, and the low-k film possessed a higher mechanical strength. All of the low-k films synthesized with the addition of poly (ethylene oxide)-based surfactant met the requirements of IC industry; the low-k value were lower than 2 or around 2, elastic modulus were of > 10 GPa and hardness were of > 1 Gpa, and the values of leakage current density were under the order of 10-7 (A/cm2).
Książki na temat "Template based Nanoscaled Films"
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Narlikar, A. V., i Y. Y. Fu, red. Oxford Handbook of Nanoscience and Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.001.0001.
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This volume highlights engineering and related developments in the field of nanoscience and technology, with a focus on frontal application areas like silicon nanotechnologies, spintronics, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and protein-based devices as well as various biomolecular, clinical and medical applications. Topics include: the role of computational sciences in Si nanotechnologies and devices; few-electron quantum-dot spintronics; spintronics with metallic nanowires; Si/SiGe heterostructures in nanoelectronics; nanoionics and its device applications; and molecular electronics based on self-assembled monolayers. The volume also explores the self-assembly strategy of nanomanufacturing of hybrid devices; templated carbon nanotubes and the use of their cavities for nanomaterial synthesis; nanocatalysis; bifunctional nanomaterials for the imaging and treatment of cancer; protein-based nanodevices; bioconjugated quantum dots for tumor molecular imaging and profiling; modulation design of plasmonics for diagnostic and drug screening; theory of hydrogen storage in nanoscale materials; nanolithography using molecular films and processing; and laser applications in nanotechnology. The volume concludes with an analysis of the various risks that arise when using nanomaterials.
Części książek na temat "Template based Nanoscaled Films"
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Riccardis, Maria Federica De. "Formation of Nanolayer on Surface of EPD Coatings Based on Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone". W Nanoscaled Films and Layers. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67570.
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Vattikuti, Surya Veerendra Prabhakar, i Chan Byon. "Molybdenum Disulfide-Based Photocatalysis:Bulk-to-Single Layer Structure and Related Photomechansim for Environmental Applications". W Nanoscaled Films and Layers. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67825.
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Elehinafe, Francis Boluwaji, i Augustine Omoniyi Ayeni. "Processing of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites in Advanced Engineering and Military Application". W Polymer Nanocomposites for Advanced Engineering and Military Applications, 1–9. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7838-3.ch001.
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This chapter gives an overview of polymer-based nanocomposites (PMNC), focusing on the processing. Polymers such as condensation polymers, vinyl polymers, polyolefins, specialty polymers including biodegradable are used in production of PMNC. It is the reinforcement that is in the nanorange size in nanocomposites generally. Reinforcements used are metal powders, silica, clays, and metal oxides. The most important methods of preparing PMNC are intercalation of the polymer or pre-polymer from solution, in-situ intercalative polymerization, melt intercalation, direct mixture of polymer and particulates, template synthesis, in-situ polymerization; and sol-gel process. The structure of polymer-based nanocomposites consists of the matrix material containing the nanosized reinforcement components in the forms of whiskers, particles, nanotubes, fibers, etc. It is clear that polymer-based nanocomposites provide many benefits such as improved properties, minimization of solid wastes films, and lower and improved manufacturing capabilities.
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Sohn-Rethel, Martin. "Social (or Documentary) Realism in Feature Film". W Real to Reel, 45–62. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780993071768.003.0003.
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This chapter examines social (or documentary) realism in feature film. It focuses on three of Ken Loach's films: Ladybird Ladybird (1994), made before his collaboration with screenwriter, Paul Laverty, and two after: Sweet Sixteen (2002) and It's a Free World... (2006). The reality uncovered in Ladybird Ladybird is arguably not strictly political in a primary, economically driven sense. It is based on the true story of Maggie (Crissy Rock) whose children are taken away by social services. The 'truth' premise that is a given in such an uncompromising work of social realism made for a stark confrontation: on one side, Loach protesting the truth of his depiction; on the other, social services crying foul on behalf of every beleaguered social worker in the country. It might be argued that the resulting standoff over who had truth on their side was not all that productive in improving social services in Britain. Meanwhile, Loach's Sweet Sixteen is a classic example of his later documentary-drama approach. It's a Free World... works to a very similar template as Sweet Sixteen. The chapter then considers realism in Paul Greengrass's drama-documentary Bloody Sunday (2002) and Jim Sheridan's In The Name Of The Father (1993).
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Template based Nanoscaled Films"
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Hao, Muting, Feng Wang, Joshua Hope-Collins, Max E. Rife i Luca di Mare. "Template-Based Hexahedral Mesh Generation for Turbine Cooling Geometries". W ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14660.
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Abstract This paper describes a multiblock grid generation method for turbine cooling geometries. The method is based on the observation that cooling films are essentially branches inserted on a large trunk, represented by the passage or by the cooling duct. The small size of the films compared to the overall size of turbine blades allows simplifications to be introduced with respect to general-purpose trunk and branch algorithms. The grid generation starts from an existing layout for the passage or cooling duct grid and operates on a Cartesian patch of the trunk surface. The patch is hollowed and a templated branch layout is inserted. Padding blocks are created to connect the two layouts into a single, boundary conforming layout. The resulting multiblock grid is then smoothed using a modification of Thompson’s Poisson system. The boundary mesh distribution is not prescribed. Instead, boundary orthogonality is enforced and elliptic smoothing is performed on the boundaries as well as inside the volume. The grid size control relies on a novel Newton-like update for the control functions of the Poisson system. The smoothing step is essential in achieving good grid quality throughout and determines, in part, the template for a given configuration. The algorithm is particularly suitable for large arrays of films or other cooling decoration and results show that the proposed method can produce grids of better quality than existing methods.
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Rogers, David J., Thomas Maroutian, Vinod E. Sandana, Philippe Lecoeur, Ferechteh H. Teherani, Philippe Bove i Manijeh Razeghi. "Use of sacrificial zinc oxide template layers for epitaxial lift-off of yttria-stabilised zirconia thin films". W Oxide-based Materials and Devices XII, redaktorzy Ferechteh H. Teherani, David C. Look i David J. Rogers. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2591843.
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Xiao, Zonghu, Wei Zhong, Hui Ou, Haiyan Fu, Shunjian Xu i Yongping Luo. "Photoelectric properties of transparent conductive metal mesh films based on crack template and its application in Perovskite solar cells". W Tenth International Conference on Thin Film Physics and Applications (TFPA 2019), redaktorzy Junhao Chu i Jianda Shao. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2540113.
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Coquil, Thomas, Laurent Pilon, Christian Reitz, Torsten Brezesinski, Joseph E. Nemanick i Sarah H. Tolbert. "Thermal Conductivity of Highly Ordered Amorphous and Crystalline Mesoporous Titania Thin Films". W 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23161.
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This paper reports the cross-plane thermal conductivity of amorphous and crystalline templated mesoporous titania thin films synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly. Both sol-gel and nanocrystal-based films were considered, with respective average porosities of 30% and 35%. The pore diameter ranged from 7 to 25 nm and film thickness from 60 to 370 nm while the average wall thickness varied from 3 to 25 nm. Nanocrystals in crystalline mesoporous films featured diameters between 9 and 13 nm. The thermal conductivity was measured at room temperature using the 3ω method. The experimental setup and the associated analysis were validated by comparing the thermal conductivity measurements with data reported in the literature for dense titania films with thickness ranging from 95 to 1000 nm. The cross-plane thermal conductivity of the amorphous mesoporous titania thin films did not show strong dependence on pore size, wall thickness, or film thickness. This can be attributed to the high atomic scale disorder of amorphous materials. Heat is thus mainly carried by localized non-propagating vibrational modes. The average thermal conductivity of the amorphous mesoporous titania films was identical to that of the nanocrystal-based films and equal to 0.37 W/m.K. Thermal conductivity of sol-gel crystalline mesoporous titania thin films was significantly larger than that of their amorphous counterparts. It also depended on the organic template used to make the films. The results indicated that the pore size was not an important factor. Instead thermal conductivity depended only on porosity, crystallinity, nanocrystal size and connectivity.
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Das, Biswajit. "Nanosystem Implementation Using Nanochannels of Nanoporous Membranes". W ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30147.
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We are currently developing a novel fabrication technique for the implementation of nanosystems utilizing the nanochannels in nanoporous membranes. The technique is CMOS-compatible and has the potential for volume commercial manufacturing. The technique is based on the anodization, or electrolytic oxidation, of a thin film of aluminum to form a nanoporous alumina membrane, which is used as a guide to implement the nanosystems. The underlying principle of the fabrication technique is that when aluminum is anodized in a suitable acidic electrolyte under controlled conditions, it oxidizes to form a hydrated aluminum oxide (alumina) containing a two dimensional hexagonal array of cylindrical pores. The pore diameter and the inter-pore spacing depend on the anodization conditions and the substrate parameters, and can be varied between 4 nm to 100s of nm; the pores can be several microns deep. Due to the excellent periodicity of the pores, and the ability to control the pore diameters, such anodized alumina films can be used as templates for the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanostructures. In fact, the pores in alumina templates have been used to synthesize a variety of metal and semiconductor nanostructures. In addition, the template can also be used as a mask for pattern transfer to create periodic arrays of pores on a substrate. While most of the work in this field has focused on bulk aluminum, the use of a bulk aluminum substrate precludes most photonic and electronic applications. To overcome this, we have developed a thin film alumina template technology that allows the fabrication of nanoporous membranes consisting of nanochannels with diameters ranging between 4 nm to 10s of nm. By using a novel process, we convert the nanoporous templates into an array of nanochannels supported by the membrane. These nanochannels are then used as guides to deposit nanoparticles (nanodots, nanotubes and nanopillars) to form the desired nanosystem. The nanoparticles are primarily deposited by electrophoretic techniques. We are currently using this technique to implement nanosystems based on CdSe quantum dots and carbon nanotubes with applications in broad ranging fields including multispectral detectors, photonics, gas sensors and high efficiency solar cells. In this paper, we provide a description of the fabrication technique as well as some of the nanosystems currently under development.
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Saha, Sourabh K., i Martin L. Culpepper. "Predicting the Quality of One-Dimensional Periodic Micro and Nano Structures Fabricated via Wrinkling". W ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87081.
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Wrinkling of thin films due to buckling-based surface instabilities is a fast and inexpensive technique for template-free fabrication of periodic micro/nano scale structures. Although one-dimensional (1-D) periodic micro and nano structures have been fabricated via wrinkling in the past, wrinkling is not yet appropriate for a manufacturing environment. This is because it is currently not possible to predict and control the quality of the fabricated patterns. Pattern quality is quantified in terms of the uniformity of the pattern, i.e., defect density within the patterned area. Herein, we (i) identify the process parameters that affect pattern quality, (ii) model the effect of these parameters on wrinkling quality and (iii) quantify the feasible operating region for a target pattern quality. During wrinkling, dislocation defects are observed due to local geometric imperfections such as voids or variations in the material properties. We have developed a finite element model of the wrinkling process that accounts for voids in the material. The wavelength and amplitude predictions of this model were found to be within ∼13% of the experimental observations. Also, it was found that below a threshold void size, the non-uniformity in the pattern due to voids decays with an increase in the applied compressive strain. This provides a practical means to minimize the non-uniformity in 1-D wrinkled patterns by increasing the compression. However, the defect density due to surface cracks increases with an increase in the compressive strains. Our analysis enables one to identify and predict the feasible operating region within which uniform 1-D patterns can be obtained, thereby improving manufacturability via wrinkling.
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Fischer, Andre. "New transmedia design for traditional film festivals". W LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.121.
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The disruptive transformations process in the audiovisual sector were unexpectedly accelerated after the covid-19 pandemic. This caused a rearrangement in the chain of the distribution, exhibition and circulation, thus restructuring the whole design of film festivals, once considered the launching point of this entire industry and strongly based on specific physical locations. Streaming has become the main way in which image and sound content are distributed. Entertainment became multiplatform and interactive, changing the way in which narratives are structured, and these contents are produced and consumed. The convergence of media made porous the boundaries between what are conventionally called video, cinema, theater and performance. The platformization process permanently changed the traditional model of audiovisual distribution, staffing and curation of festivals - which undergo a hybridization operation that allows the potential use of interactive resources and online delivery of movies, plays and performances to audiences all around the globe. To understand the potential of transformations, the study investigates in depth the experience of MixBrasil Festival, largest LGBTQIA+ cultural event in Latin America, created in 1993, showcasing multiple formats and techniques (cinema, theater, music, literature). With digital content being programmed since 2018, in 2020 it expanded its online exhibition to four different digital platforms. The study is carried out concurrently with the monitoring of MixBrasil and other film festivals held in Brazil, considering what strategies are being adopted and how they will stand out as innovative - or just replications of the traditional movie theater model. It also aims to identify processes, paths and perspectives for the sector considering that the old template for launching films used since the 1950´s might no longer be applicable to the current state of the industry. Facts and trends that are forcing these events to face a crisis of identity and questioning the viability of a (still) prestigious circuit. Platformization implies the adoption of online functionalities integrated at economic and infrastructure levels which fully affects the organization strategies of festivals. Therefore, a change in the way of thinking the place of film festivals in the industry chain is in progress: as a possible space for capturing data from the public to support future curatorships and permanent actions which would make them more dynamic and relevant. Associated with this process is the notion of attention economy and the reorientation of users as active producers of culture, in the way they can affect the hybrid future of festivals. Metrics recurrently used like engagement, geolocation, retention and abandon rates are necessary to identify obstacles and potentialities that the new scenario presents. The research is raising additional questions about the behavior and expectations of different age groups, the motivations of audiences for attending festivals. It also investigates why although movie theaters are closing, distributors keep restrictions on festival theatrical screenings. This is a unique opportunity to reflect on perspectives for audiovisual festivals in order to capture viewers' attention, reposition their relevance to society, get the (re)cognition of different audiences and forge new experiences.