Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Telecom Policy”

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 477 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Co-advisors: Susan Kline and Rohan Samarajiva, School of Journalism and Communication. 590 Also on microfiche. 6 sheets. Includes bibliographical references (p. 451-477).

The growth of mobile telephony in India from its inception in 1995 has been remarkable considering the inconsistent policy directions and the high levels of corruption inherent in the sector's development. Current analyses of the sector characterize the sector's growth as having taken place in spite of poor and inconsistent policy choices. As a result, policy prescriptions focus upon appropriate auction design, to ensure that the correct market value of spectrum can be discovered, or upon regulatory independence, to ensure that the extraction by the state is curtailed to within levels that do not adversely affect the sector. This thesis argues that viewing the income streams in the sector from the perspective of rents generated through the creation of property rights in spectrum and using the analytical lens of a political settlement to study the rent distribution and outcomes can better explain the choice of policy as well as its impact on the sectors growth. This analysis allows us to draw conclusions that explain the underlying structural dynamics of the industry, as well as the evolution of policy. First, it indicates that the primary source of rents in this industry, spectrum scarcity, is itself policy driven. Second, the persistent domination of the three big telecom providers is a consequence of their access to differential rents from early access to better quality administratively allocated spectrum. Third, the seemingly inconsistent policy and high levels of corruption are better explained as arising in the context of a particular political settlement and then reinforcing or modifying the political settlement as an outcome of the rent streams they generate. Further, the analysis helps identify potential future directions of development of the political settlement and the impact these may have on policy effectiveness in the sector.

The liberalisation of domestic telecommunication (telecom) markets has become a worldwide trend. As a result, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), evolving from deliberations within the World Trade Organisation (WTO), has been heralded as the mechanism with which to effect telecom liberalisation domestically. For countries in Africa, the GATS instruments have been translated as a means to establish the principles required for an effective telecom industry supported by key institutions in policy, regulation and implementation. However, the analysis of relevant literature on telecom in Africa has tended to focus on technological developments based on current observable outcomes. This methodology is inadequate because it fails to account for the context-specific nature of the policy arena and framework shaping telecom outcomes. I argue that we must consider telecom outcomes by understanding the nature of political institutions domestically and their interaction with the international arena. To explicate this intersection of ideas, I draw on two seemingly independent theories, Neopatrimonialism and New Institutional Economics (NIE) with reference to the works of van de Walle (2001) and North (1990) respectively, to shed light on the nature of the Kenyan political context and the value of the GATS as an instrument that facilitates credibility and reduces opportunistic ex-post behaviour. It is contended in this study, that for the Kenyan Government, the value of the GATS accession lies in the legitimising role that it facilitates in accessing funds from the international community. This study thus highlights the inevitable tension that arises when domestic policy-reform goals are juxtaposed with international trade obligations undertaken through treaty accession and informed by a liberalisation agenda. A qualitative approach was used to collect the data and involved interviews and documentary analysis. The findings suggest that Kenya is partially in compliance with its GATS telecom commitments. However, this partial reform results from patrimonial tendencies in Kenya and is exacerbated by the need to attract hard currency through aid packages that dictate the nature of the policy process and the relationship between Kenya and the international community. In conclusion, even with policy reforms, state agents always find ways to maintain or create clientelist practises. Unless such reform is accompanied by political changes that provide checks and balances on institutions and state agents, reform policies on their own will not create an effective telecom sector. To truly evaluate telecom reform therefore, we must appreciate the context-specific nature of policy making.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-175).
Over the past decade, China has witnessed a rapid growth in its information and communications technology (ICT) sector. The subject of this thesis specifically focuses on the telecommunications infrastructure equipment industry in China. This sector is an interesting one to study given that some of the leading domestic companies have mostly emphasized developing their own capabilities in product development, rather than calling upon formal technology transfers through foreign direct investment (FDI) initiatives. A significant challenge faced by local firms, however, is that foreign equipment manufacturers possessing deeper technological resources dominate their domestic market. Nevertheless, Chinese enterprises have recently begun producing high-end equipment such as core/backbone routers and DWDM optical transmission systems. The basic question this thesis seeks to answer, therefore, is how can Chinese companies become technologically competitive within the high-end segments of the telecom equipment market? A case study methodology was used to address this question, focusing on two leading domestic firms: Huawei Technologies, a privately owned company, and ZTE Corporation (Zhongxing), a state-owned enterprise. The findings show that four factors have contributed to the competitiveness of domestic firms. Firstly, they are able to successfully leverage the configurational nature of communications technology. Secondly, the substantial investment made by the case study firms to develop their own R&D capabilities has enabled them to become 'close followers' of the world technological frontier. Thirdly, the global trend towards a less vertically integrated equipment industry has produced a base of suppliers from which Chinese firms can procure world-class component and subsystem technologies. Lastly, the role of the Chinese government has been instrumental in building technological capabilities at the national level and expanding market demand. Reciprocal arrangements and performance requirements established between government and domestic firms have encouraged the latter to upgrade their technological capabilities. These combined observations provide a perspective on firm competitiveness in high tech industries that is somewhat different to the models proposed under 'second mover advantage' theory. Furthermore, the analyses made of technology acquisition at the level of the firm highlight the importance of independent development (where possible), compared to FDI, as a vehicle for technological development within late industrializing economies.
by Aleyn Smith-Gillespie.
S.M.
M.C.P.

This thesis contains an analysis of the role of the state in the privatization of two of the world's largest telecommunications operators, British Telecom (BT) and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), illustrated by a comparative examination of the different means of intervention of the state at the three stages of the process, and the impact that state intervention has on the corporate governance of the enterprises concerned.
Chapter 1 clarifies the notions of privatization and control. The subsequent chapters are organized on the basis of the percentage of shares held by the state. Chapter 2 analyzes the legal problems accompanying "complete control" of the state during the corporatization stage of privatization, in which there is a one-man stock company with the state as sole shareholder. Chapter 3 outlines the different private and public law devices used by the state in order to exercise "internal control" on the company after the sale of part or all of the government-owned ordinary shares. Chapter 4 focuses on the "external control" which is the last weapon of the state to monitor enterprises that are already deemed to be "privatized" from an ownership point of view. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

In recent years, Chinese development efforts in Africa have increased in scope making China the second largest investor on the African content with Chinese MNCs dominating multiple markets across the continent. The author investigates whether there is empirical support for the assumption that there is a correlation between market dominance of Chinese MNCs and similarity in policy and practices to those of China, an assumption based on Eleanor Westney’s study on the emulation of organizational models in late 19th century Japan. To affirm this correlation and describe where it exists, the author examines the regulation of the telecom markets in Ethiopia and Nigeria, two cases where Chinese MNCs have varying degrees of control over the telecom market. Whether or not the studied cases share similarities with the policy and practices of China is studied using the functional method of comparative law as described by Mark Van Hoecke. The study is based on data collected from Freedom House’s reports on freedom on the net which scrutinizes legislation, court cases and the behaviour of government institutions in 65 countries. The author then discusses similarities and differences between the studied cases and China, concluding that the before mentioned correlation does exist to a certain extent and that further research is required.

The problem of rent-seeking in China’s state-owned enterprises has worsened since the rapid increase in infrastructure investment, such as telecom and railway. State-owned enterprise reform in China has given licensing power to officials and executives without sufficient checks and balances. The Chinese government plans to introduce corporate governance structures and encourage private investment for the previously state-dominated industries, such as the railway industry, in the next decade. Yet these formalities cannot eradicate the political problem of corruption. This thesis will examine rent-seeking through the case studies of China Mobile’s former deputy general manager and Communist Party secretary Zhang Chunjiang’s patronage network in the value-added service industry and the Ministry of Railway’s ex-Minister Liu Zhijun’s patronage networks in the high speed railway project. Both central agents committed collective rent-seeking against the will of the principal through their subsidiaries.

This thesis attempts to unravel the relationship between the national institutional contexts on the one hand, and the forms of the domestic discourse on the other and analyze how that in turn affects the overall policy-making process, in terms of ideas promoted, applied and rejected, during proposed transformative policy change. It maps the pattern linking a nation's institutional arrangement and its discursive process. Such an approach is valuable as it illustrates why and how the diverse institutional contexts of different countries shape the way transformative changes are publicly legitimized within the policy-making process. It tests the theory of discursive institutionalism, as defined by Vivien Schmidt, by examining the nature of the telecoms privatization discourse in Greece and the Republic of Ireland. This is carried out through a qualitative analysis of primary sources including newspapers, parliamentary archives, documentations of political foundations, manifestos of political parties, press releases by labour unions and industrialist confederations and personal interviews. The goal is to attribute a particular type of discourse depending on the institutional settings within which it takes place. The argument put forward is the following: in simple polities -like Greece- privatization is justified principally on a pro-market ideological basis or an expressed strategic objective. In compound polities -like Ireland- privatization is presented as a socially acceptable managerial adjustment to market needs with minimum references to ideology or strategic objectives. The examination of the privatization discourse exemplifies the various complex issues entailed within the political process of a polity when dealing with transformative changes. It has important implications not only for the two countries under investigation or privatization politics but even for other societies facing large-scale transformative changes as it provides guidance on how the pathways for legitimizing such changes are likely to differ according to the different institutional contexts.

Small developing states can use proper regulatory frameworks in policy and sector development to implement efficiency and consumer safeguards to the sector. However, sufficient research on the impact of telecommunications regulatory institutions on micro economies has not been conducted. Capture theory was used as the theoretical lens for this thesis. In doing so, a quantitative analysis was done using, cross-sectional pooled time series to determine how an independent telecommunications regulator impacted the telecommunications sector in the English-speaking Caribbean. All the data acquired for analysis were secondary yearly data collected from the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) from 1993 to 2012. Specifically, this study examined how prices, investment, infrastructure, and competition in the telecoms sector are affected by the type of regulatory regime (independent or non independent ) for fixed line and mobile services. Results indicate that the type of regulatory regime has a statistically significant impact on fixed line services and price of the telecommunications sector (p < .0001). However, this regulation was absent in other areas such as cellular services, broadband usage, telecoms investment and competition. The potential for positive social change is tied to recommendations specific to developing countries to ensure their regulators have autonomy in making decisions regarding the volume, quality and costs of telecommunications services. Legislation must minimize any overlap in the roles of policy makers, legislators, administrators and regulators to ensure that the regulatory framework addresses the particulars conditions of the country in which it operates.

This diploma thesis is focused on telephone tapping and recording of telecommunication traffic in order to protect the economy, according to the criminal procedural institutes: the tapping and recording of telecommunication traffic and survey on information about telecomunication traffic. These institutes are ruled by the act no. 141/1961 Coll., on criminal court proceedings (criminal code), as amended. The aim of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of eavesdropping and records of telecommunication operations, carried out for a longer period in accordance with the criminal procedure code, international treaties and the Police of the Czech Republic in order to protect the individual areas of the economy.

The main objective of diploma thesis is to describe and analyze the issue of mobile devices and mobile applications, focusing on their usage in the information system of enterprise in terms of deployment rules for security, mobile device management and enterprise operation in implementing mobile policy in to business. The diploma deals with aspects related to the deployment of mobile enterprise policy in terms of choosing the right operator, a suitable mobile platform, mobile device management and applications to ensure optimal information security in company. The aim is compare Czech operators and most frequent mobile operating platforms in terms of business needs and determine the most appropriate mobile operator and mobile operating system suitable for the implementation of mobile policy in to business. Another goal is analyze and describe the method of mobile device management and applications, and to ensure their safety and universally describe the main advantages and disadvantages of deploying mobile policy in to business. The practical part is focused on the public inquiry to identify and analyze the current situation of enterprises in implementing mobile policies in the Czech Republic. Survey results are analyzed, described and summarized in the recommendations and alternative solutions for Czech companies for next years.

博士
國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
90
In response to the liberalization of global telecommunications and observance of undertakings for accession to World Trade Organization (WTO), a national telecommunication company was established to replace the government controlled telecommunication monopoly by referring to the experiences of industrialized countries. The liberalization of telecommunications was phased in 1997 in relaxation of the wireless mobile telecommunications businesses till 2000 for relaxation of investment in facilities-based service, which is called the fix network operator at present stage. The business triggers the redistribution of these very few resources by taking advantage of natural resources, such as radio frequency and operation on very few lands, in the process of government controlled monopoly through to oligopoly that relaxes the market territory. The conflict of interests cannot be avoided growing, yet the dilemma of redistributing resources is even more difficult to handle, comparing to that of resource distribution. For instance, the facilities based channels are monopoly that the business owners have to build up their own channel facilities with zero albeit the relaxation of fix network operation. Each business is required to establish with paid-up capital of forty billion new Taiwan dollars and with a minimum system capacity of a million phone’s numbers or ports, and to start business with 150 thousand phone’s numbers at the threshold of operation in order to achieve the goal set by the government that broadband network shall be widely established. Under such circumstances, the business owner shall finish the layout of facilities channel and broadband networks within the specified time frame. At this stage, the incumbent business owners who own the majority of infrastructure become the market dominator, while the entrants encounter the challenge of establishing new infrastructure and fail to cross the threshold of market possession, therefore, the disputes arise. The specifications for the telecommunication infrastructure in the Republic of China are established in accordance with the EU network and operation on sharable facilities. With a view of the uniqueness concerning the time frame and adopted measures for liberalization of telecommunications industry in this country, and in consideration of nationalization of foreign laws, it is required to conduct study in-depth and widely on local telecommunication market and its environment. So, the study to explore this issue. The study is conducted based on analysis and argument in four areas and come to conclusion as follows: 1. Induction in the disputes on operation in “telecommunication facilities” (construction, use and maintenance): the study attempts to discover the essential qualities of “telecommunication facilities” based on its “originality”, the causes that the issues incur, and classification of various “sharable” basic and changeable type telecommunication facilities according to “Type” methodology. 2. Assumption and analysis on major operational issues of sharable “telecommunication facilities” in the process of telecommunication liberalization. The management issues are set in respect of: (1) property right; (2) scarcity of resources; (3) public interest; (4) operational efficiency; (5) fair play. 3. Proposition of principles for recognition and review: based on the five operational issues as mentioned in previous paragraph, the following four principles for recognition and review will be induced and proved: (1) absolutely sharable; (2) flexibly sharable; (3) non-declinable sharable; (4) non-sharable. 4. Based on the recognition of “Type” specified in previous paragraph, a system of perational structure for “sharable telecommunication facilities” will be proposed: such as a sharable infrastructure being established on basis of existing sharable facilities and newly constructed facilities, and procedure for inference and implementation on business sharing, as well as the code for sharable and cooperative duties and obligations for business owners. The study is conducted on the issues regarding the operation of construction, use and maintenance of sharable telecom facilities in the process of liberalization of telecommunications in this country in terms of operational system. The study attempts to explore and analyze the operational issues, and propose a system of “operational structure for sharable telecom facilities” that might decrease the disputes among business owners and facilitate to establish a fair play environment through liberalization.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
105
After the financial crisis, Kim Dae-jung administration took the office. In order to reduce the debt and fulfill the loaning condition asked by IMF, Kim administration conducted a series of reformation driven by neoliberalism. The reformation focused on four main domains: chaebol, finance, labor, and government. Most researches about the reformation after the financial crisis were focusing on finance and cheabol. They discussed the influence of the reformation on models of developing country. This research focuses on the relation between the government and the public enterprises. In South Korea, public enterprises not only play roles in providing services, but also giving access to funds, offering jobs, and implementing industrial policies before privatization. In this research, we try to address how privatization of public enterprises affects relations between the government and public enterprises. We chose Korea Telecom as an example. Observing the two waves of privatization before and after the financial crisis, it is found that compared with the privatization reform in Kim Yong-san government, the privatization reform of Korea Telecom is deeper and faster after financial crisis. What causes the differences between two waves of privatization reforms? Why the board and the president of Korea Telecom are often have official backgrounds after the full privatization? In addition, there were traces showing that the companies operation was affected by the government. This raises questions about the relationship between the government and the privatized public enterprises. Former literature suggests that, the financial crisis has caused the dual impact on Kim Dae-jung government, both increasing the willingness and ability for government to accelerate the privatization of public enterprises. However, former literature did not explain how the dual impact changed the policy networks of the privatization of Korea Telecom. It is neither explained the official background of the boards of Korea Telecom after the privatization. Hugh Compston thinks that, the problem and solutions, preferences of policies, possessed resources, strategies of actors subject to changes of external environment. It also affects the regulation and rules of the policy networks itself. When any one of the five parameters is changed, it affects the resources of the actors in the network and how they exchange resources, leading to the change of policy making. Based on the Hugh Compston''s policy network theory, four assumptions are made on the basis of the existing literature. First, the willingness of Korean Telecom to privatize is increased by the change of preference of government policy, which is influenced by the IMF institution. Second, the government compromises with the chaebols when chaebols monopolize capitals. Third, the government in the financial crisis will adopt a strategy to suppress labor unions. Labor unions, affected by the IMF system, is unable to fight against the suppression. Fourth, under the pressure of full privatization, the government shifted from the control of ownership to the control of rights of management. We found the influence of IMF system on Kim Dae-Jung after analyze the literature. First, on the relationship between the government and the chaebol, the government tends to compromise because the money owned by the chaebol is the key to full privatization. It leads to the raise of the upper limit of the shares the chaebol can hold. Second, on the relationship between the government and the telecommunications labor unions, the Government in the financial crisis increased the control and suppressions over the labor union. On the other hand, the union was limited by the political circumstances at that time. It could not fight against the government through public pressure. Under pressure from the government, labor union were excluded from the policy network. Last, Kim Dae-jung''s strategy of "decentralizing the shareholding”, or "public enterprise without owner” during the privatization reform tried to shift the power of the company from the shareholders to professional managers and the board, in order to avoid chaebols from monopolizing the telecommunication industry after the privatization of Korea Telecom. However, decentralized structure of shareholding, as well as the structure of management of the companies, enables the government to affect the company’s decision making by intervening the appointment of personnel such as the president, the board of directors, even though it didn’t hold any shares. In addition to the government''s influence on Korea Telecom, KT has also promoted a pro-corporate policy through improper links with the government.

碩士
國立政治大學
經濟研究所
96
We attempt to analyze why the adoption of the mobile number portability policy incurs no (or very little) effect in encouraging competition in the telecommunication market. The cause is related to network externality. The level of network externality can be characterized by the proportion of any individual’s friends who are also adopting in the same carrier as the individual does. We find that such network externality may prohibit competition in the telecommunication market when termination-based pricing is prevailing. When termination-based pricing is prohibited, carriers cannot take advantage of network externality. We characterize the conditions such that without termination-based pricing, carriers become more competitive and consumers benefit more than with termination-based prices. Our study provides insightful implication on how to effectively impose the mobile number portability policy to improve competition in the telecommunication market.

碩士
國立東華大學
公共行政研究所
92
The rate of occupational accident of Taiwan industry is higher than the advanced country such as America, England, and Japan etc. To reduce the occurrence of occupational accident, the authority has established varieties of policies of labor''s safety and health, and demand the employer and employee to obey. The corporations set up their own policies of labor''s safety and health according to the nature and hazards of their corporations. And these policies will be the core conception and the goal for the management of labor''s safety and health. But if laborers do not perceive and obey the policies, the rate of occupational accident will not reduce effectively. So we must study the perception and compliance of labor for the policies of labor''s safety and health. 　　The main reason for the occupational accident is the unsafe behaviors of laborer, and the perception (knowledge and attitude) of safety and health will influence the occurrence of unsafe behaviors. So it is helpful to study the labor''s perception of safety and health, for the authority and corporations to set up the policies to prevent the occupational accident effectively. 　　The object of this research is to investigate the perception of safety and health and the policies of safety and health of the employees of Chung-Hwa Telecom Co., and analyze the tendency and deviation. By the method of interviewing and questionnaires designed by the author, the empirical evidences show that: 1.The employees of Chung-Hwa Telecom Co. identify that the first reason for the occupational accident is the negligence of laborer, the second is the problem of the environment of working, and the third is the facilities of protection. 2.In the employees of Chung-Hwa Telecom Co., the more compliant to the policy of safety and health, the more important they think of safety and health. And the motivation, the self-control belief, the training and education, the compliance are positive relevant. They think that the policy of safety and health of the corporation can reduce the occurrence of occupational accident; to the perception of safety and health, the older male employees got the better perception. 3.In the employees of Chung-Hwa Telecom Co., to the self-control belief that occupational accident can be prevented by being careful. 4.In the employees of Chung-Hwa Telecom Co., to the acceptance of training and education of safety and health, the employees whose tenure is more than 30 years are better than those whose tenure is less than 10 years. 5.In the employees of Chung-Hwa Telecom Co., to the whole perception of safety and health, (1) the male employees are better than the female employees. (2) the employees of technical department better than the employees of business department. (3) the older are better than the younger. (4) the employees whose tenure is more than 30 years are better than those whose tenure is less than 10 years.

碩士
南台科技大學
資訊傳播系
92
This paper is based on innovative pattern and management of technology. By the ways of intensive interviews and conferring with bibliography build the framework of this paper. Besides those two research methods, I participated in the related seminars to conclude the three main developing strategies of MOD in Chunghwa Telecom: (1) the bundled-marketing strategy and the low-price strategy. (2) The valued-added service of video on demand. (3) The strategic alliance of cross-frontier and the applications of eight principles of innovative management of technology. To analyze the competitive ability of MOD by using “SWOT intersected matrix.” At last, the paper points out the suggestions of different strategies by viewpoint of interaction. The research reaches conclusions about the future development and management strategies of MOD as following: 1.Owning perfect telecommunication hardware resources. 2.Promoting MOD from core-user by analysing its own customer database. 3.To develop its management strategies in many different market and to cooperate with other business partner by providing digital content and interactive valued-added service such as VOIP, on-line game, TV shopping, etc. 4.It combines advantages with technical resources. And using the idea “Put the Interactive Digital Environment from Sanctum to Living Room” to let MOD becomes the interactive multimedia control center of modern family.

碩士
銘傳大學
犯罪防治學系兩岸與犯罪防治碩士在職專班
107
The development of science and technology leads to the diversification, concealment and convenience of transportation and communication methods, which directly affects the change of fraudulent crime mode. Criminal suspects hide in the country and use convenient network communication equipment to defraud victims, because of the convenience and concealment of network communication. Fraudsters spread rapidly around the world, such as Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe and South America, and the hands of only one singel nation’s law enforcement are tied , and it relies on the cooperation of international law enforcement agencies to trace the cross-border telecom fraud crimes. This study is to analyze and discuss the modele of cross-border telecom fraud center and the strategies of combating it , in order to understand the crime model and the international joint efforts to combat cross-border telecom fraud crimes. The strategy, and the future cooperation with law enforcement agencies in various countries to combat cross-border telecom fraud cooperation, provide reference for the operation of relevant substantive agencies. Researchers believe that the investigation of criminal systems and policing factors in various countries affects the formulation of national policies to combat cross-border telecom fraud. Therefore, this study discusses the cooperation mechanism and effectiveness of cross-strait police in combating cross-border telecom fraud crimes, and prepares in-depth interview questionnaires. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the current situation of international cooperation to combat fraud, and to verify the hypothesis of this study, the reasearchers prepare qualitative interviews, and the total number of official personnel on both sides of the strait that have actually participated in combating cross-border telecom fraud crimes is 7. At present, due to the political environment, the official exchanges between the two sides of the strait are no longer close or even nearing a standstill. The cross-strait police cooperation to combat cross-border fraud and criminal cooperation has been unable to follow the previous agreement. In addition, the land side believes that we cannot effectively sanction the criminals back from overseas. Therefore, in the past, the agreement between the two parties to seize the suspects of telecom fraud in the third place and the principal of "repatriate their own people" has no longer been followed, and the Taiwanese suspects were sent to Mainland China. . The trait of deportation to the mainland for trial leads to the cross-border telecom fraud center gradually transfer to Europe, Africa and South America. This highlights that the cross-strait cooperation model for combating cross-border telecom fraud is out of date, and a new set of implementation methods needs to be re-designed to meet current practical needs. Through the above empirical research, we have found out "a new model for cross-strait police cooperation to combat telecom fraud crimes", "cross-strait police cooperation, information exchanges and mutual trust promotion practices" and "how to improve and cross-strait police cooperation against cross-border crimes"these three conclusions. Finally, based on the conclusions, we propose to increase the police interaction and improve the "return of money" and " light sentence problem" that the mainland people suggest, and hope to effectively improve the effectiveness of cross-strait police in combating cross-border telecom fraud.

Abstract The South African government embarked on a liberalisation path of the telecoms sector in 1996 in order to establish a knowledge-based society and thus enhance all aspects of the economy to make South Africa globally competitive. Liberalisation of the telecoms sector was an integral part of its overall vision to improve the quality of life for all South Africans. Market-based reform was the central philosophy underpinning the growth strategy for South Africa. ICT was recognised as key to growth and development. To date, international telecoms reform has focused on managing the transition from traditional monopoly markets to effective competition. The key steps in this process have been the commercialisation and ultimate sale of state-owned assets, licensing competitors, setting sector-specific regulation by independent national regulatory authorities to implement the market reform policies and ensure public interest objectives are met. As a result of rapidly changing technology, the unanticipated rapid and pervasive uptake of mobile services, the influence of international financial advisors and suppliers of telecoms equipment who all stand to gain, the reform process in developing countries has been controversial. Also, often after the first phase of market liberalisation, entrenched private sector incumbents make further reform in developing countries difficult. The focus of this study is on the second-phase of reform in South Africa after the initial market liberalisation. The research analysed the changing configuration and structure of the South African telecoms network market during the transition from monopoly to competition (2000- 2003) within the framework of competition rules to determine how government’s “managed liberalisation” policy and regulatory decisions have shaped (and are shaping) the competitive dynamics of the South African market. The findings were utilised to analyse its implications for the development of South Africa’s information society and provide a framework for policy-makers and regulators on effectively shaping telecoms network markets in transition. This study contextualised the South African telecoms situation within the dynamics of an international market by examining the changing role of the market in telecoms policy formulation in both developed and developing countries. This research looks at the current debates on the information society and liberalising telecoms markets in order to assess the impact of policy and regulatory interventions in selected national markets deemed relevant to this investigation e.g., United States, United Kingdom, India, Nigeria, Morocco, Uganda and Sri-Lanka. Based on an information society paradigm, the study involved multiple methods incorporating primarily qualitative research to investigate the actual development on the ground of competition in South Africa since the start of the managed liberalisation process. Secondary statistical data was utilised to understand market development and dynamics. The analysis combined competition rules and regulatory principles based on international experience together with the South African experience with sector liberalisation derived from interviews, focus groups and data analysis of the market. The study uses market structure analysis, with specific reference to telecom network markets as the basic framework of analysis. This is further enhanced by analysing the broader dynamics of the business, communications, policy and regulatory environments and an analysis of the performance of infrastructure companies in the telecoms network market in South Africa. The analysis explains how the managed liberalisation policy of the South African government has constrained growth, allowed incumbent operators to entrench themselves, generally failed to meet the needs of most consumers and limited South Africa’s aspirations to join the global information society. Despite technically meeting the form of most international best practice standards on market reform, there has been a lack of commitment to the substance i.e. effective competition, inconsistent application of regulation, the absence of a clear strategic framework and failure to undertake detailed market analysis throughout the process. The result has been artificial barriers to investment and constrained growth in the telecoms sector. In particular, a pre-occupation with the narrow licensing of individual technologies and specifically defined service classifications has created an unnecessarily complicated implementation regime hindering market development. The lack of competition at the core infrastructure level has constrained growth and innovation at the upper levels of the telecoms sector value chain, i.e. network services, that are dependent on access to the fixed line network. The study provides recommendations to increase investment in the South African ICT sector which include: clarifying national policy objectives and reviewing the current licensing framework; implementing widespread market reform; instituting market and competition review processes; allowing for increased competition review processes and increasing independence and accountability of the regulator. The research outlines strategies to counter the effects of a weak competitive environment, infrastructure and resource shortages and the lack of strong administrative structures in South Africa that are applicable to most developing countries. It suggests the following measures to drive competitive markets and enhance ICT growth: ensuring political commitment to market liberalisation and market-driven macro-economic policies; focusing on licensing major operators; instituting technology neutral licensing; reducing the need for regulatory decisions by accelerating competition and harnessing regional skills to strengthen regulatory effectiveness. Finally, this study demonstrates that ICT market development and policy is rooted in and influenced by many factors and disciplines. Thus the research suggests an integrated and holistic approach for analysing network markets in transition.

博士
國立中正大學
犯罪防治研究所
104
Looking at the world's rare Telecoms type of fraud, from Taiwan, then spread to Northeast Asia (South Korea, Japan), China, and even signed a "cross-strait common fight against crime and mutual legal assistance agreement" in 2009 the two sides, both sides after police began to expand cooperation to combat such crimes, although great achievements, but to produce transfer phenomenon of crime, telecommunications fraud Office (dens) to the Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Cambodia), and even appeared in the beginning of 2014 South Asia (Sri Lanka), Central Asia (Turkey), North Africa (Egypt), etc., the victim also transferred from the object to the Chinese people on both sides are more of Australia, Canada and the United States, reason than the network without borders telecommunications network bus (ICT Convergence), communication through the internet fast transfer characteristic exchange, has expanded from a regional to cross-strait channeling, become cross-border crime. Hypothesis of this study was to investigate the front end (or literature called "first intermediary") telecommunications fraud traffic routing telecommunications fraud working room, to find effective prevention and control countermeasures. Qualitative research methods adopted to try and quantify the way to Taiwan, the Judicial Police (Criminal Police Brigade of each field, county municipal police) Substantive authorities since 2009, and the mainland provinces of Public Security jointly cracked telecommunications fraud cases, etc. official data for the sample of purposive sampling, as well as 165 criminal Police anti-Fraud Helpline statistics (including: overall statistics accepted the case, the victim record, the line type of traffic ... etc.), official data analysis. Telecommunications fraud syndicate (dens) chief suspect and experts with practical experience of qualitative interviews. Finally, for each field in Taiwan Criminal Police Brigade, county and city governments dedicated police crime investigation new patterns of fraud and dedicated team Division Investigation Unit as the sampling target, implement questionnaire to archive and prevention against telecommunications fraud a criminal investigation practical experience and dilemma, to form an effective control strategy of. The study found that telecommunications fraud crime characteristics (Ⅰ) communication network convergence, cross-border telecommunications fraud crimes room is the key to success, traffic routing and with fraud after the bus showing IP, cloud virtualization platform layer transformation, outsourcing delicate division of, diversified communications (Wi-Fi room, 4G + Wi-Fi room and laundering room) and other circumstances, and there is the gradual emergence of the smart phone messaging software LINE fraud new tricks. (Ⅱ) the entire telecommunications fraud room key is that the system set up to assist the technical support provider. (Ⅲ) the cross-strait cooperation in combating cross-border telecommunications fraud crime suppression effect of the project has, but in 2014 after showing "criminal saturation" phenomenon. (Ⅳ) the offender and the victim with a variety of scams modus operandi has some relevance. (V) Anti-Fraud dedicated criminal police officers are the subject of thought: new amended in January 2014, "communications security and Surveillance Act" have an impact to a certain extent for telecommunications fraud criminal investigation, a global telecommunications network convergence trend caused by the impact of telecommunications fraud crime, inter-ministerial "Prevention telecommunications fraud Technical Advisory Panel," National Police Criminal Police "165 Anti-Fraud Information Line" and cross-border mutual legal assistance in the investigation and prevention effectiveness have developed ICT policies and laws to specific regulatory convergence to effectively curb cross-border telecommunications fraud crime. This article Investigation and Prevention Countermeasures against telecommunications fraud a crime, (Ⅰ) the legal level, the proposed legislation will assist the National cf. his criminal investigation procedures Supplementary "National Communications Law (Draft)" deficiencies and "telecommunications security supervision and law" in . (Ⅱ) science and technology level, the implementation of "Construction Fraud perception i165 repository", the use of Big Data concept to CDR Communications arresting wire fraud traffic, legislation to force the establishment of NGN international telephone switching centers to intercept outside telephone fraud; the development of new science and technology; strengthening digit forensics. (Ⅲ) the level of business solutions require system operators to sell key mining equipment "real name" registration. (Ⅳ) the two sides with third countries and international judicial mutual assistance program. (V) the level of both the investigation and prevention, detection surface, it is recommended legalization Division Investigation Unit and strengthen scientific and technological investigative equipment and technologies; the prevention side, picking three public health prevention mode. Key Words：Telecommunications fraud ,ICT Convergence , NGN room

The Internet has become the dominant medium in the last decade, and increasingly, mobile phone use is a natural part of our lives, and in any age category. Tobacco use is currently very popular, according to the State Health Institute (2018), a total of 25.2% of smokers in the adult population in 2017. The thesis deals with the research carried out in 2018, focusing on the use of mobile phones and the use of tobacco products by members of the Police of the Czech Republic, comparing the use during working hours against use outside of working hours. Data collection was conducted through a standardized questionnaire survey. To determine the use of tobacco, the Cigarettes Scale Questionnaire was used and a Chen Internet Scale Questionnaire was used to determine the use of the mobile phone. In the form of simple, deliberate selection on the basis of possibilities and availability, the members of the Police of the Czech Republic in the Česká Lípa District were included in the research and were included in twelve local offices. The number of respondents involved in the survey was 100 policemen. The data I received from the questionnaires was summed up before the statistical processing and the categorization of the answers was done. The results obtained were rewritten into a table in MS Excel, where they were...