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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Technologie hurdle":
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Falconer, James R., Darren Svirskis, Ali A. Adil i Zimei Wu. "Supercritical Fluid Technologies to Fabricate Proliposomes". Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, nr 5 (15.11.2015): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3qp58.
Streszczenie:
Proliposomes are stable drug carrier systems designed to form liposomes upon addition of an aqueous phase. In this review, current trends in the use of supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies to prepare proliposomes are discussed. SCF methods are used in pharmaceutical research and industry to address limitations associated with conventional methods of pro/liposome fabrication. The SCF solvent methods of proliposome preparation are eco-friendly (known as green technology) and, along with the SCF anti-solvent methods, could be advantageous over conventional methods; enabling better design of particle morphology (size and shape). The major hurdles of SCF methods include poor scalability to industrial manufacturing which may result in variable particle characteristics. In the case of SCF anti-solvent methods, another hurdle is the reliance on organic solvents. However, the amount of solvent required is typically less than that used by the conventional methods. Another hurdle is that most of the SCF methods used have complicated manufacturing processes, although once the setup has been completed, SCF technologies offer a single-step process in the preparation of proliposomes compared to the multiple steps required by many other methods. Furthermore, there is limited research into how proliposomes will be converted into liposomes for the end-user, and how such a product can be prepared reproducibly in terms of vesicle size and drug loading. These hurdles must be overcome and with more research, SCF methods, especially where the SCF acts as a solvent, have the potential to offer a strong alternative to the conventional methods to prepare proliposomes. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Putnik, Predrag, Branimir Pavlić, Branislav Šojić, Sandra Zavadlav, Irena Žuntar, Leona Kao, Dora Kitonić i Danijela Bursać Kovačević. "Innovative Hurdle Technologies for the Preservation of Functional Fruit Juices". Foods 9, nr 6 (1.06.2020): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060699.
Streszczenie:
Functional nutrition, which includes the consumption of fruit juices, has become the field of interest for those seeking a healthy lifestyle. Functional nutrition is also of great interest to the food industry, with the aims of improving human health and providing economic prosperity in a sustainable manner. The functional food sector is the most profitable part of the food industry, with a fast-growing market resulting from new sociodemographic trends (e.g., longer life expectancy, higher standard of living, better health care), which often includes sustainable concepts of food production. Therefore, the demand for hurdle technology in the food industry is growing, along with the consumption of minimally processed foods, not only because this approach inactivates microorganisms in food, but because it can also prolong the shelf life of food products. To preserve food products such as fruit juices, the hurdle technology approach often uses non-thermal methods as alternatives to pasteurization, which can cause a decrease in the nutritional value and quality of the food. Non-thermal technologies are often combined with different hurdles, such as antimicrobial additives, thermal treatment, and ultraviolet or pulsed light, to achieve synergistic effects and overall quality improvements in (functional) juices. Hence, hurdle technology could be a promising approach for the preservation of fruit juices due to its efficiency and low impact on juice quality and characteristics, although all processing parameters still require optimization.
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Ankita, Ankita, Singh Rongen i Nayansi Nayansi. "Effect of Hurdle Technology on the Quality and Stability of Minimally Processed Papaya". International Journal of Scientific Research 3, nr 8 (1.06.2012): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/august2014/50.
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Wilson, M., H. Anderson, J. Fellows i C. Lewinsohn. "Ceramic-Based Planar Heat Pipe (Plate) for Passive Electronics Cooling". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (1.09.2011): 000159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-wa12.
Streszczenie:
Heat dissipation has become a major hurdle for the electronics industry, especially as higher performance integrated circuits are being developed for the power industry. Two of the primary hurdles in dissipating this heat are:The thermal contact resistance between the IC and the cooling device.The ability to effectively spread the heat, such that traditional cooling technologies can be effective.By selecting ceramic materials that are thermo-mechanically matched (CTE) to IC materials, the proposed heat plate can be directly bonded by typical solder or braze techniques to the back-side of the IC. This eliminates thermal resistances due to contact and thermal interface materials. Within these heat plates, a three dimensional network of gas channels and fluid wicks spread the high-flux heat loads from localized hot spots to the surrounding regions via phase change fluids and mass transport. Like traditional heat pipes, these heat plates operate at nearly uniform temperature due to the phase change. The internal networks provide for multidimensional heat and mass flow, increasing their dissipating capability. By using matched ceramic materials, and the inclusion of a heat plate, these primary hurdles for heat dissipation can be mitigated. The performance of prototypical planar heat plates will be presented.
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Amin, Afzaal, Shaukat i Muhammad Hayat Khan. "Issues in the Implementation of E-Governance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)". Global Regional Review IV, nr II (30.06.2019): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-ii).52.
Streszczenie:
The provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has taken a number of steps in order to develop and establish the concept of E-governance in different departments of the province. There are, however, certain hurdles, such as missing the rudimentary ICT (information and communication technology) substructure and setups. To properly utilize the ICT for the sack of E-governance, it is important to know the use of the different types of technologies. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, IT literacy and knowledge are extremely poor, while financial constraints is another hurdle. However, the newly introduced reforms in E-governance have put various departments on the right track, as obvious from the Identity Verification system, the vehicle verification system and the online FIR system. This paper will help identify all the majors issues that affect the efficiency and credibility of E-governance.
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Brill, Joel V. "Bringing New Technologies to Market: Hurdles and Solutions". Gastroenterology 139, nr 1 (lipiec 2010): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.003.
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Manthey, Sarah, Christin Eckerle i Orestis Terzidis. "Tackling the Critical Hurdles: Revising Technology-Based Ideation Processes". European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship 17, nr 1 (7.09.2022): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.397.
Streszczenie:
Technological innovations are crucial for a country’s economic growth as they often have radical innovation potential. Although recognized as a key role in the innovation process, lots of technologies remain unexploited. University spin-offs (USOs) have the potential to transfer technologies into technological innovations. Often though, in universities there is a lack of consideration of potential implementation right from the start. The so-called fuzzyfront end (FFE) stage is crucial for successful innovation, as no commercialization can be achieved without the identification of a suitable application. This represents a critical hurdle, as of to date appropriate approaches for a successful systematic identification and validation of technology applications are missing. Furthermore, most investigating studies rely on data from spin-offs that are already operating successfully on the market and have therefore survived the critical initial stages of development, without highlighting the FFE of their process. This fact makes the pre-development activity of opportunity recognition appear to be a scientifically neglected topic. In this research a mixed-method approach is conducted to investigate the critical hurdles in the technology application selection (TAS) process of technologies, consisting of an extended literature review, completed by interviews with stakeholder involved in the USOs ecosystem. Striving to uncover the black box of the FFE, the study aims to specify and operationalize requirements for application identification of technologies. These findings are of relevance for researchers and practitioners which like to facilitate the exploration of potential technological innovation.
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Kazi, Ms Tabassum, i Mr Omprakash Mandge. "AI and Its Dual Impacts on Society". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, nr 6 (30.06.2024): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63202.
Streszczenie:
Abstract: His paper delves into the examination of the aware- ness, beneficial outcomes, and hurdles associated with contemporary AI technologies. This paper delves into the examination of the awareness, beneficial outcomes, and hurdles associated with contemporary AI technologies.
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Skovgaard, Niels. "Hurdle Technologies. Combination Treatments for Food Stability, Safety and Quality. Food Engineering Series". International Journal of Food Microbiology 91, nr 2 (marzec 2004): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00370-2.
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Casey, Anthony, i Anthony Niblett. "Micro-Directives and Computational Merger Review". Stanford Journal of Computational Antitrust, nr 1 (29.11.2021): 132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51868/8.
Streszczenie:
AI technologies can improve upon the current system of merger notification and review. Predictive technologies—such as supervised machine learning—combined with unprecedented growth in data will provide antitrust agencies with the opportunity to better refine the law and the review process. Such technologies will build upon how antitrust agencies already model and predict the likely consequences of mergers. Here, we explore how such predictions can reduce both the over-inclusiveness and under-inclusiveness inherent in the current system of merger notification and review. We explore the possibility of a more automated system of merger review. We argue that the greatest hurdle to the adoption of such a system is not feasibility, technological limitations, or the availability of data. Rather, the greatest hurdle is the difficulty in pinning down a precise and translatable ex ante objective that such an algorithm would optimize.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Technologie hurdle":
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Mechmechani, Samah. "Hurdle technology using microencapsulated proteolytic enzymes and microencapsulated carvacrol to fight pathogenic bacterial biofilms". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR023.
Streszczenie:
L'environnement opératoire dans les domaines alimentaire et médical permet aux bactéries de se fixer et de se développer sur les surfaces, ce qui entraîne la formation de biofilms bactériens pathogènes et résistants. Ces structures pathogènes sont responsables de nombreuses maladies d'origine alimentaire et d'infections associées aux soins. Par conséquent, pour lutter contre ce fléau de santé publique, plusieurs stratégies ont récemment été proposées, notamment l'élimination chimique et mécanique. Ce travail présente les différents facteurs qui influencent l'adhésion bactérienne et la formation de biofilms sur des surfaces abiotiques, ainsi que la résistance des biofilms aux désinfectants. La microencapsulation par la méthode de séchage par pulvérisation pour la formulation de composants actifs anti-biofilm en vue d'assurer leur stabilité et améliorer leurs activités biologiques est également présentée. Dans ce contexte, une étude a été menée en utilisant le carvacrol, un agent antimicrobien naturel, pour contrôler les biofilms de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Enterococcus faecalis. En effet, ces deux bactéries sont responsables de nombreuses infections dans le monde en raison de leur persistance sur des surfaces abiotiques dans les hôpitaux et les industries agroalimentaires. Par ailleurs, afin de renforcer l'activité antimicrobienne du carvacrol et de réduire sa volatilité et sa faible solubilité dans l'eau, des émulsions ont été préparées avec du caséinate de sodium et des maltodextrines, puis séchées par atomisation pour obtenir des microcapsules de carvacrol sèches. Les résultats ont montré que le carvacrol exerce une forte activité antimicrobienne contre les deux biofilms bactériens. De plus, nos résultats ont révélé que la microencapsulation par séchage par pulvérisation a augmenté de manière significative l'activité antimicrobienne du carvacrol tout en réduisant les quantités utilisées. En effet, le carvacrol microencapsulé a été capable de réduire le biofilm en dessous de la limite de détection pour Pseudomonas aeruginosa et de 5.5 log CFU mL-1 pour Enterococcus faecalis après 15 min de traitement. L'efficacité de la technologie hurdle pour éliminer les biofilms en utilisant différentes stratégies est discutée dans ce travail. Une des approches de la technologie hurdle est l'utilisation d'enzymes qui peuvent dégrader la matrice et disperser les bactéries intégrées dans les biofilms pour une désinfection plus efficace lorsqu'elles sont combinées avec des agents biocides. En effet, deux enzymes protéolytiques, la pepsine et la trypsine, ciblant les protéines de la matrice, ont été étudiées pour leur potentiel de dégradation des biofilms de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Enterococcus faecalis et leur effet synergique lorsqu'elles sont combinées au carvacrol. L'analyse directe par microscopie à épifluorescence a permis de visualiser l'activité dispersive des protéases et l'activité létale du carvacrol contre les deux biofilms bactériens. En outre, le traitement combiné avec la pepsine ou la trypsine et le carvacrol a entraîné une réduction plus significative des deux biofilms par rapport au traitement avec le carvacrol seul. De plus, cette réduction était plus importante après un traitement séquentiel avec les deux enzymes suivies du carvacrol. Cependant, l'activité enzymatique est fortement influencée par les facteurs environnementaux et n'est optimale que dans des conditions restreintes. Un autre inconvénient de l'utilisation des enzymes est l'auto-dégradation, qui entraîne leur instabilité. En effet, des microcapsules de protéase contenant de la pepsine ou de la trypsine complexées avec de la pectine et de la maltodextrine ont été préparéesThe ambient operating environments in the food and medical sectors allow bacteria to adhere and develop on the substrates, resulting in the growth of resistant pathogenic bacterial biofilms. These pathogenic structures are responsible for several foodborne diseases and health-care associated infections. Consequently, to combat this public health burden, several strategies have recently been proposed which include chemical and mechanical removal. This work presents the different factors that influence bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, as well as biofilm resistance to disinfectants. The different strategies for biofilm prevention and eradication are described. Microencapsulation using spray-drying method for the formulation of anti-biofilm active components as a tool to ensure their stability and improves their biological activities are also presented. In this context, a study was conducted using carvacrol, a natural antimicrobial agent, to control biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. Indeed, these two bacteria are responsible for several infections worldwide due to their persistence on abiotic surfaces in hospitals and food processing industries. Furthermore, in order to enhance the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and reduce its volatility and low solubility in water, feed emulsions were prepared with sodium caseinate and maltodextrins and then spray dried to obtain dry carvacrol microcapsules. The results showed that carvacrol had a strong antimicrobial activity against both bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, our findings revealed that microencapsulation by spray drying significantly increased the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol while reducing the amounts used. Indeed, microencapsulated carvacrol was able to reduce biofilm below the detection limit for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 5.5 log CFU mL-1 for Enterococcus faecalis after 15 min of treatment. However, the complete removal of biofilms from abiotic surfaces in medical and food sectors has proven difficult with the single use of disinfection strategy due to the high protection of the biofilm cells by the extracellular polymeric matrix. This matrix provides an initial protective barrier for the biofilm cells, and makes biofilms highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. The effectiveness of hurdle technology in removing biofilms using different strategies is discussed in this work. One of the hurdle technology approaches is the use of matrix-degrading enzymes that can disperse bacteria embedded in biofilms for more efficient disinfection when combined with biocide agents. Indeed, two proteolytic enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, targeting matrix proteins, have been studied for their potential to degrade biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis and their synergistic effect when combined with carvacrol. The direct analysis using epifluorescence microscopy allowed visualization of the dispersive activity of proteases and the lethal activity of carvacrol against the two bacterial biofilms. In addition, the combined pepsin or trypsin treatment with carvacrol showed more significant reduction of both biofilms compared to carvacrol treatment alone. Moreover, this reduction was more substantial after sequential treatment of both enzymes followed by carvacrol. However, the enzyme activity is highly influenced by environmental factors and is only optimal under restricted conditions. Another disadvantage of using enzymes is self-degradation, leading to instability. Indeed, protease microcapsules containing pepsin or trypsin complexed with pectin and maltodextrin have been prepared
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McMahon, Carol Martha Mary. "Pathogen control in sous vide processing by thermal inactivation and hurdle technology". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388950.
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Sahmurat, Fatma. "Hurdle Technologies Using Essential Oils And High Hydrostatic Pressure To Inactivate E. Coli In Fresh Beef". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83442.
Streszczenie:
In this study, potential of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and essential oils (EOs) as natural antimicrobials was evaluated to produce E. coli safe and quality beef product. First, the individual and combined effects of antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration) of basil, black cumin, cilantro, cumin, fenugreek, ginger, oregano, black pepper, rosemary, thyme, turmeric oil emulsions on E. coli ATCC 25922 with and without HHP treatment were evaluated. Cumin, oregano and thyme EOs showed highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922. The synergy of selected EOs against E. coli ATCC 25922 was determined using the checkerboard method to obtain fractional inhibitory concentration index. Although their combinations did not show synergy, they expressed synergy when combined with HHP (400 MPa, 10 min, 20 °C) and the best combination was cumin and oregano EOs with HHP.
Effects of HHP and EO combinations on inactivation of E. coli ATCC 25922 in beef were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Statistical analysis showed the model was significant for predicting log reduction with high accuracy. The significant model terms were pressure and time. Compared to control, HHP/EO treated samples showed no-post growth when stored up to 120 days at 4°C. Presented results suggests that the combination of HHP and antimicrobials has not only improved the process parameters (lowered pressure, time, and EO concentration) but also prevented recovery of E. coli ATCC 25922 during storage.
RSM was employed to analyze the synergistic effects of HHP and EOs on beef quality (color, texture and lipid oxidation). Color indices were significantly affected by pressure, time and their interactions. Above 400 MPa the discoloration was similar to cooked beef and EO addition did not help color improvement. However, EOs showed significant antioxidant activity on both treated and untreated samples during storage.
In conclusion, there is a great potential of HHP and EO combinations to enhance pathogen inactivation while keeping the quality of beef. Moreover, presence of EOs can prolong the shelf life of pressure treated beef. Therefore, the combination of HHP and EO is very promising for meat industry.Ph. D.
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Provost, David 1959. "Hurdles in the business case for the Semantic Web". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17883.
Streszczenie:
Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-34).
The nuclear winter that filled the vacuum created by the Internet implosion was characterized by highly conservative investments in new technologies. This was particularly true for Internet- and Web-oriented technologies since after all, being a believer just wasn't as popular as it used to be. However, life, business, and science go on, and the Web is no exception. This thesis will examine hurdles in the business case for the Semantic Web. In one sense, the Semantic Web is an extension or enhancement of the existing World Wide Web (Web). As we know it today, the Web is a rich medium that allows humans to express themselves, learn, interact, and reach an audience that was a pipe dream just a decade ago. At the same time, the Web is of limited utility to computers (machines). For example, a human being could easily recognize a postal address or the specifications of an order for steel; a machine could not. To a machine, these data would simply be elements to be rendered and displayed on a monitor, with no intrinsic or cumulative meaning. In this sense, one of the goals set for the Semantic Web is to create meaning and utility for machines that allows for interpretation and action with far less human intervention. Issues related to the challenges, practicalities, theories and opportunities of the Semantic Web will be discussed. In the process, hopefully, this thesis will identify some of the stepping stones in building a business case for this evolution. Notably, today's comments regarding the Semantic Web sound very similar to what was once said about the practicalities of eBusiness and the likelihood of its adoption.
by David Provost.
S.M.M.O.T.
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Rodriguez, Leon Alexis, i Khushboo Singh. "Adoption hurdles faced by organizations embracing SAFe®". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411177.
Streszczenie:
Agile methodology has gained wide adoption. Agile methodology, with its iterative and incremental approach for software development, has gained popularity within IT organizations that are facing a dynamic business environment. Agile software development has emerged as an alternative to the traditional Waterfall model in delivering software at a faster pace and having more receptiveness towards the changing requirements. However, Agile methodology was originally designed for small and individual teams. This makes moving Agile to large-scale organizations a complicated task. In this thesis, we will review the challenges and success factors presented by (Dikert et al., 2016) in their systematic literature review for SAFe (Scaled Agile framework). Our thesis is based on empirical research. The authors have conducted interviews to gather data to underpin or dissent from the findings in the systematic literature review regarding the challenges and success factors of implementing SAFe in organizations.
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Benli, Hakan. "Sequential application of epsilon-polylysine, lauric arginate and acidic calcium sulfate for inactivation of pathogens on raw chicken and beef". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2965.
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Hashimoto, Jorge Minoru. "Utilização da tecnologia dos metodos combinados na conservação do leite de coco". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322521.
Streszczenie:
Orientador: Fumio YokoyaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T11:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hashimoto_JorgeMinoru_D.PDF: 18659887 bytes, checksum: 0c5564f92906c495fdff457951a7dd3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
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Crona, Elna, i Nathalie Johnsson. "Jämförelse av olika konserveringsmedel genom belastningstest i ett flytande livsmedel". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20949.
Streszczenie:
Inledning En tredjedel av den mat som produceras i världen slängs (United Nations Development Programme [UNDP], 2020) och de livsmedelsförstörande mikroorganismerna är ett vanligt förekommande problem och en bidragande orsak till det globala matsvinnet (Snyder & Worobo, 2018). Livsmedelsindustrin använder därför olika hurdletekniker för att minimera risken för tillväxt av förskämningsorganismer (Snyder & Worobo, 2018). En strategi för att kontrollera om olika hurdletekniker uppfyller sitt syfte är att utsätta ett livsmedel för ett belastningstest. Syfte Syftet med studien var att genom ett belastningstest i ett flytande livsmedel jämföra konserveringsmedlen lingonjuice och kaliumsorbat + natriumbensoat samt att undersöka produktens fysikaliska och kemiska förändringar över tid. Material och metod Ett flytande livsmedel (n = 73 á 180 ml) inokulerades i ett belastningstest med log 2–3 mikroorganismer per ml livsmedel. Därefter tillsattes konserveringsmedlen lingonjuice (n = 24) eller kaliumsorbat + natriumbensoat (n = 25). En tredjedel av proverna (n = 24) lämnades utan konserveringsmedel. Provtagning för analys av tillväxt, färg, pH och viskositet (mPas) utfördes vid 0, 14 och 30 dagar efter livsmedlet inokulerats med mikroorganismer. Resultat Resultatet visade mikrobiell tillväxt i samtliga livsmedel vid dag 0. Dag 14 identifierades tillväxt i livsmedlet med kaliumsorbat + natriumbensoat samt lingonjuice. Vid analysen på dag 30 identifierades tillväxt i livsmedlet med kaliumsorbat + natriumbensoat och i livsmedlet utan konserveringsmedel. Över tiden skedde även fysikaliska förändringar i viskositet och kemiska förändringar av pH-värdet. Gällande färg skedde enbart marginella förändringar. Slutsats Resultatet av belastningstestet visade att lingonjuice är det konserveringsmedel som har bäst effekt med avseende på produktstabilitet genom att hämma tillväxt av tillsatta mikroorganismer. Resultaten av de fysikaliska mätningarna visade på förändringar över tid med avseende på viskositet. Färg visade enbart minimala förändringar. Resultatet av den kemiska mätningen visade på förändringar av pH-värdet över tid.Introduction One third of food produced in the world is discarded (United Nations Development Program [UNDP], 2020) and food-destroying microorganisms are a common problem and a contributing cause of global food waste (Snyder & Worobo, 2018). The food industry therefore uses various hurdle techniques to minimize the risk of growth of spoilage organisms (Snyder & Worobo, 2018). One strategy to check whether different hurdle techniques meet their purpose is to expose foods in a challenge test. Aim The aim of the study was to compare the preservatives lingonberry juice and potassium sorbate + sodium benzoate and examine any physical and chemical changes over time through a challenge test on a liquid food product. Material and method A liquid food (n = 73 á 180 ml) was inoculated in a challenge test with log 2-3 microorganisms per ml food. Thereafter preservatives lingonberry juice (n = 24) or potassium sorbate + sodium benzoate (n = 25) were added. One third of the samples (n = 24) were left without preservatives. Sampling for analysis of growth, color, pH and viscosity (mPas) was performed at 0, 14 and 30 days after the food was inoculated with microorganisms. Results The results showed microbiological growth in all food products at day 0. Day 14 growth were found in the food with potassium sorbate + sodium benzoate and lingonberry juice. By the analysis on day 30 growth in the food with potassium sorbate + sodium benzoate and in the food without preservatives were showed. Over time physical changes of viscosity and chemical changes of pH occurred. Regard to color only marginal changes occurred. Conclusion The result of the challenge test showed that lingonberry juice is the preservative that has the best effect regard to product stability through inhibiting the added microorganisms. The results of the physical measurements showed changes regard to viscosity over time. Color only showed marginal changes. The result of the chemical measurement showed changes of pH over time.
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Amadori, Sonny. "Utilizzo del citral per aumentare l'efficacia di trattamenti con campi elettrici pulsati". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16840/.
Streszczenie:
I campi elettrici pulsati (PEF) sono considerati una valida tecnologia non termica, anche se generalmente non possono essere considerati un metodo di sterilizzazione, ma piuttosto sostituire una pastorizzazione. Per questo motivo, necessitano di essere abbinati ad altre tecniche (blandi trattamenti termici, aggiunta di antimicrobici o acidificazione del mezzo). In questo elaborato è stato utilizzato un prototipo PEF, costruito dal gruppo di Ingegneria del Campus di Cesena ed in grado di effettuare trattamenti a 50kV/cm, per valutare l’inattivazione di un ceppo di Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolato da bevande degradate. Sono state effettuate diverse prove dove il trattamento PEF è stato combinato con diversi livelli di pH (4 e 6), aggiunta di citral a metà della MIC e preriscaldamento a 50C°. Il PEF ha dimostrato un effetto sinergico con citral e calore, mentre non sono state osservate differenze significative in relazione al pH. Mediante analisi citofluorimetrica è stato riscontrato che a pH 6 il trattamento determina in generale una maggiore mortalità cellulare, mentre a pH 4 le cellule erano per lo più danneggiate. Inoltre in questa sperimentazione è stata valutata non solo l’efficacia del trattamento PEF a diverse condizioni, ma anche l’eventuale capacità di recupero delle cellule trattate durante un periodo di incubazione di 6 ore. I dati hanno mostrato che la presenza di citral abbinato ad un preriscaldamento determina una ridotta capacità delle cellule di recuperare i danni subiti e ripristinare la loro attività metabolica. Questa sperimentazione si è quindi rivelata utile al fine di individuare le condizioni di processo e le variabili in grado di massimizzare l’efficacia del trattamento. Inoltre, l’utilizzo della citometria di flusso, ha permesso di discriminare i diversi stadi fisiologici all’interno della popolazione di lievito, ottenendo informazioni circa il meccanismo di azione del PEF, esercitato principalmente a livello della membrana cellulare.
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Andrade, Ivana Morais Geremias de. "Estimativa da vida de prateleira de caldo de cana padronizado estocado sob refrigeração". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-22092014-112413/.
Streszczenie:
O presente trabalho consistiu na padronização do ratio, definido como a razão entre o teor de sólidos solúveis (SS) e a acidez titulável (AT), no processamento em escala piloto e no estudo da vida de prateleira (VP) de caldo de cana estocado sob refrigeração. Utilizando-se um delineamento central composto rotacional, com onze formulações de caldo de cana, investigou-se o ratio da formulação que resultou em melhor aceitação sensorial, em uma ampla faixa de SS (13,1 a 25,9 ºBrix) e de AT (0,02 a 0,09 % de ácido cítrico). Determinada a melhor formulação, processaram-se três lotes de caldo de cana padronizado (L1, L2 e L3). A estabilização da bebida foi baseada na seguinte combinação de métodos térmicos e não térmicos: acidificação, pasteurização (95 ºC/ 30 s), envase asséptico em garrafas de polietileno tereftalato (PET) e estocagem refrigerada. Testes físico-químicos, microbiológicos e enzimáticos, incluindo-se a determinação da atividade da peroxidase (POD) e da polifenoloxidase (PPO) foram realizados na bebida in natura e recém-processada (tempo zero da VP). Para o estudo da VP do caldo de cana padronizado pasteurizado, as amostras, em todos os lotes processados, foram fracionadas e estocadas nas temperaturas de 4, 8, 12 e -18 ºC (controle), na ausência de luz. A estimativa de VP do produto foi fundamentada em testes microbiológicos e sensoriais. A avaliação da estabilidade microbiológica baseou-se na enumeração de bactérias e fungos psicrotróficos. Testes de escala hedônica de nove pontos para avaliação da aparência e do sabor foram empregados na análise da estabilidade sensorial. As médias da aceitação sensorial para impressão global das onze formulações não apresentaram diferença estatística (p > 0,05) entre si, nas faixas de SS e AT estudadas. Verificou-se que apenas o efeito da AT foi significativo (p < 0,05) na aceitação da bebida. A formulação escolhida para a padronização do caldo de cana foi aquela com AT equivalente a 0,09 % (pH próximo a 3,9) e 19,5 ºBrix. Para o caldo de cana padronizado pasteurizado recém-processado, os valores de pH foram inferiores a 4,4 em L1, L2 e L3. As contagens de mesófilos não ultrapassaram 50 UFC/ mL, constatando-se a ausência de coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella em todos os lotes processados. As médias das atividades de POD e PPO foram de 2,11 U/mL e 1,03 U/mL, respectivamente. As contagens de bactérias e fungos psicrotróficos não ultrapassaram 102 UFC/ mL. As médias dos tempos de VP estimadas para as frações dos lotes estocadas a 4, 8 e 12 ºC foram equivalentes a 71, 74 e 23 dias, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o caldo de cana foi bem aceito pela equipe de provadores, em uma ampla faixa de SS e AT. A combinação dos métodos empregados na estabilização da bebida foi eficiente na redução da atividade enzimática e da contagem microbiana. Além disso, as temperaturas de 4 e 8 ºC mostraram-se efetivas na manutenção da estabilidade da bebida, satisfazendo a uma eventual demanda do mercado consumidor pela bebida processada.The present study consisted in standardizing the total soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA) ratio, in small scale processing and in estimating the shelf-life (SL) of sugarcane juice stored under ideal, commercial and abusive temperature conditions. A central composite rotational design with eleven formulations of sugarcane juice was used to investigate the ratio of the formulation that resulted in the best sensory acceptance in a wide range of SS (13,1 a 25,9 ºBrix) and TA (0,02 a 0,09% citric acid). Found the best formulation, three batches of standardized sugarcane juice were processed (L1, L2 and L3). The juice´s stabilization was based on the following combination of thermal and non-thermal methods: acidification, pasteurization (95 °C/30 s), aseptic filling in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and refrigerated storage. Physico-chemical, microbiological and enzymatic tests, including the determination of the peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, were performed in the fresh and freshly processed (time zero of SL) juice. For the SL study, standardized pasteurized sugarcane juice samples were stored at temperatures of 4, 8, 12 and -18 °C (control), kept in the dark. The estimate of the product´s SL was based on microbiological and sensory tests. The evaluation of the microbiological stability was based on the psychrotrophic bacteria and fungi counts. Nine-point hedonic scale tests for appearance and flavor evaluation were used in order to assess the sensory stability. The mean values of sensory acceptance, for overall impression, of the eleven formulations showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) among them. It was found that only the effect of TA was significant (p < 0.05). The chosen formulation for sugarcane juice standardization was that one with TA 0.09 % (pH near 3.9) and SS 19.5 ºBrix. For the freshly processed standardized pasteurized juice, the pH was less than 4.4 in L1, L2 and L3. The mesophilic counts did not exceed 50 CFU/mL. The presence of coliforms at 45 ºC and Salmonella was no confirmed. The average POD and PPO activities were 2.11 U/mL and 1.03 U/mL respectively. The psychrotrophic bacteria and fungi counts did not exceed 102 CFU/mL. The juice´s SL stored at 4, 8 and 12 °C were 71, 74 and 21 days, respectively. It was concluded that the juice was well accepted in a wide range of SS and TA, and the combination of methods was effective in reducing the enzyme activity and microbial counts. Moreover, temperatures of 4 and 8 °C were proved to be effective in maintaining the sugarcane juice´s quality for a period of time compatible with the consumer market demand.
Książki na temat "Technologie hurdle":
1
Leistner, Lothar, i Grahame W. Gould. Hurdle Technologies. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0743-7.
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Leistner, Lothar. Hurdle Technologies: Combination Treatments for Food Stability, Safety and Quality. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002.
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Leistner, Lothar. Hurdle technologies: Combination treatments for food stability, safety, and quality. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.
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Silva, Anthony De. Full RPM fan balancing at Hurley Ventilation Technologies Inc. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 2000.
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Boadu, Kwame. Performance of mine fans manufactured by Hurley Ventilation Technologies Inc. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 1999.
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Leistner, Lothar. "Hurdle Technologies: Combination Treatments for Food Stability, Safety and Quality". Springer, 2012.
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Gould, Grahame W., i Lothar Leistner. Hurdle Technologies: Combination Treatment for Food Stability, Safety and Quality (Food Engineering Series). Springer, 2002.
8
Innovative Antriebe 2016. VDI Verlag, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181022894.
Streszczenie:
Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies for Automotive Applications Abstract This paper provides an extended summary of the available relevant rechargeable energy storage electrode materials that can be used for hybrid, plugin and battery electric vehicles. The considered technologies are the existing lithium-ion batteries and the next generation technologies such as lithium sulfur, solid state, metal-air, high voltage materials, metalair and sodium based. This analysis gives a clear overview of the battery potential and characteristics in terms of energy, power, lifetime, cost and finally the technical hurdles. Inhalt Seite Vorwort 1 Alternative Energiespeicher – und Wandler S. Hävemeier, Neue Zelltechnologien und die Chance einer deutschen 3 M. Hackmann, Zellproduktion – Betrachtung von Technologie, Wirtschaft- R. Stanek lichkeit und dem Standort Deutschland N. Omar, Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies for 7 R. Gopalakrishnan Automotive Applications – Present and Future ...
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Anson, Denis K. Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400615559.
Streszczenie:
How would you make a phone call or send email if you couldn't hear, see, or use your hands? This book shows how assistive technology helps individuals with disabilities perform tasks that people without disabilities may take for granted. Assistive technology can be used in two ways: to help people with disabilities to do things that people without disabilities can do without technology, and to improve access to everyday technology that is not designed for people with disabilities. In both cases, the focus is on matching individuals with the tools best suited to fill their needs. A part of Greenwood's Health and Medical Issues Today series, Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities explores what technologies are available to individuals with disabilities, what they can help them to accomplish, and potential hurdles to their use that must be overcome. It explores this exciting field broadly and in depth while still keeping the "people-first" mindset that is the hallmark of assistive technology. In addition, it provides guidance and resources for individuals seeking assistive technology for themselves or for a loved one.
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Valk, Alison, Ximin Mi i Ashley L. Schick. Making Virtual Reality a Reality. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216171966.
Streszczenie:
Walks readers through the key components of developing library-led research and programming that leverages emerging technologies with the goal of engaging students and faculty. As educational curricula and research evolve to include advanced technologies, libraries must offer programming with these emerging technologies in mind, including the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). In this timely guide, Valk, Mi, and Schick present readers with tools for assessing their level of organizational readiness to begin such programs and, more importantly, how to sustain them with limited budgets, expertise, and resources. Building on their own experiences, the authors teach readers how to develop technology-rich classes, assess student projects, and overcome technical hurdles. They spotlight this kind of programming as integral to building strategic partnerships in an educational environment. Readers will learn how to adapt and design programs or initiatives in which the necessary technologies are rapidly changing, not only in higher education institutions, but also in schools. Worksheets and resources assist readers in reflecting on their own work and developing educational programming to suit their organizational needs.
Części książek na temat "Technologie hurdle":
1
Rahman, Mohammad Shafiur. "Hurdle Technology in Food Preservation". W Food Engineering Series, 17–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10677-9_2.
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Priyanka, S., E. Arun Kumar, J. A. Moses i C. Anandharamakrishnan. "Food Preservation and Hurdle Technology". W Emerging Technologies for the Food Industry, 39–84. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003413592-2.
3
Leistner, L. "Principles and applications of hurdle technology". W New Methods of Food Preservation, 1–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2105-1_1.
4
Kumar, Yogendra, Lipika Das i Koushik Guha Biswas. "Biodiesel: Features, Potential Hurdles, and Future Direction". W Clean Energy Production Technologies, 99–122. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4509-9_5.
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Soliva-Fortuny, Robert, Nuria Grigelmo-Miguel, Gustavo V. Barbosa-Cánovas i Olga Martín-Belloso. "Nonthermal Processes as Hurdles with Selected Examples". W Nonthermal Processing Technologies for Food, 406–27. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958360.ch28.
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Navarro-Cruz, Addí Rhode, Raúl Ávila-Sosa, Obdulia Vera-López i Carlos Enrique. "Hurdle Technologies for the Control of Microbial Growth in Food". W Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3–44. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429322341-2.
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Barbosa-Cánovas, Gustavo V., Semanur Yildiz, Manolya E. Oner i Kezban Candoğan. "Selected Novel Food Processing Technologies Used as Hurdles". W Food Engineering Series, 629–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42660-6_24.
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Zhang, Dengfeng, i Xinkai Zhang. "Framework of Hurdle Technology Teaching Mode Based on “Internet+” Platform". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1125–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3250-4_143.
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Dabas, Kiran, i Khursheed Alam Khan. "Use of Hurdle Technology in Processing of Fruits and Vegetables". W Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, 113–38. Series statement: Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429505775-9.
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Mohammad, Zahra H., Faizan Ahmad i Salam A. Ibrahim. "Quality and Safety of Fresh Produce during Storage: Hurdle Technology". W Quality Control in Fruit and Vegetable Processing, 3–33. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003304999-2.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Technologie hurdle":
1
Barron, James H. "Hurdles in Technology Transfer Between Industries". W ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0614.
Streszczenie:
Abstract It has long been the goal of structural composites producers to achieve aerospace quality composites using automotive production methods. It was hoped that by drawing on the best of the two industries, the goal could be achieved. However, too often, when put together, the two seem to be speaking different languages. This paper will discuss experiences of the author with interactions in automotive, aerospace, and industrial industries and attempts to exchange technologies between them.
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Przednowek, Krzysztof, Tomasz Krzeszowski, Janusz Iskra i Krzysztof Wiktorowicz. "Markerless Motion Tracking in Evaluation of Hurdle Clearance Parameters". W International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005080601290136.
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Lane, Jay E., Jay A. Morrison, Bonnie Marini i Christian X. Campbell. "Hybrid Oxide-Based CMCs for Combustion Turbines: How Hybrid Oxide CMC Mitigates the Design Hurdles Typically Seen for Oxide CMC". W ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27532.
Streszczenie:
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), in particular oxide-based systems, are of interest for use in combustion turbines. While uncoated oxide CMCs have significant hurdles to implementation in gas turbines, the Siemens hybrid oxide CMC system is able to overcome these challenges. These hybrid oxide CMCs provide distinct advantages over the current non-oxide based systems. The benefits of hybrid oxide-based systems for advanced gas turbines will be discussed. Material system developments will be discussed including those completed by a Siemens Power Generation led team in a recent NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) sponsored program to prove the concept of advanced hybrid oxide-oxide CMCs for gas turbine engines. The program fabricated a full scale outer combustor liner that was installed in a Solar Centaur 50S engine at a commercial end user site. In November 2006, this hybrid oxide CMC outer combustor liner met the target life goal of 25,000 hrs with 25,404 hrs of field test experience. The final hurdle for design of hybrid oxide CMC components is the ability to accurately analytically predict behavior. Methods and approaches to address this challenge are discussed as well.
4
Rymut, Bogusław, Tomasz Krzeszowski, Krzysztof Przednowek, Karolina H. Przednowek i Janusz Iskra. "Kinematic Analysis of Hurdle Clearance using a Mobile Device". W 6th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006933600490055.
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Krzeszowski, Tomasz, Krzysztof Przednowek, Krzysztof Wiktorowicz i Janusz Iskra. "Multiview Human Body Tracking of Hurdle Clearance: A Case Study". W 5th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006498400830088.
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Franklin, J. B., G. B. Smith i A. E. Earp. "A critical hurdle to widespread use of polymer based luminescent solar concentrators". W SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, redaktorzy Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth i Kevin W. Lynn. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2022802.
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Imhonopi, David, Chinelo Ekweogwu i Ugochukwu Urim. "FINANCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA: SURMOUNTING THE HURDLES". W 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2018.2729.
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Przednowek, Krzysztof, Janusz Iskra i Karolina H. Przednowek. "Predictive Modeling in 400-Metres Hurdles Races". W International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005082201370144.
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Langer, Benjamin. "Hurdles and Solutions towards Improving the Charging Experience". W Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-26-0144.
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"HURDLES IN MULTI-LANGUAGE REFACTORING OF HIBERNATE APPLICATIONS". W 6th International Conference on Software and Data Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003469501290134.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Technologie hurdle":
1
Jayme, Angeli, Imad Al-Qadi, Nadim Hamad, Breton Johnson, Hani Mahmassani, Jerry Quandt, Divyakant Tahlyan i Berkan Usta. Smart Mobility Blueprint for Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, czerwiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-007.
Streszczenie:
Connected, automated, shared, and electric (CASE) technologies have invoked Mobility 4.0—a connected, digitized, multimodal, and autonomous system of systems. This project established a flexible and adaptable blueprint that would streamline multidisciplinary and multistakeholder efforts as well as leverage available resources to prepare the Illinois Department of Transportation and other transportation agencies. Illinois has several strengths that make it an attractive location for CASE technology companies, including a talent pool from top-ranked universities, well-developed transportation infrastructure, government support, and a robust ecosystem of collaboration and innovation. Illinois also faces potential challenges (e.g., competition from other states and countries, limited access to funding, regulatory hurdles, and infrastructure readiness for new mobility technologies). Seven smart mobility pillars were identified in this study for Illinois—namely, connected and automated (CA) freight, scaling intelligent transportation systems, farm automation, insurance, urban mobility, CA logistics, and alternative fuels. The balanced scorecard ranked the pillars as follows (from highest): alternative fuels, scaling intelligent transportation systems, CA freight, farm automation, CA logistics, insurance, and urban mobility. Tactical focus areas were also identified per pillar and were prioritized with suggested leads and stakeholders to champion the CASE directives and opportunities. Near-term actions for Illinois were also suggested that included establishing a central structure for Illinois’ CASE program, enriching the knowledge base and experience, preparing transportation infrastructure, partnerships with external stakeholders, and expansion of laws, regulations, and policies that will help administer and grow CASE technology deployment and integration.
2
de Jesus, Ana, i Sara Melander. From Vision to Practice – Insights from Nordic-Baltic 5G applications across sectors. Nordregio, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:111403-2503.
Streszczenie:
This report builds on the findings of the Nordic-Baltic 5G Monitoring Tool (N-B 5G MT) project ‘Analytical Report’, which focused on mapping 5G activities in the Nordic-Baltic region and analysing their roll-out status. In this follow-up report, we delve deeper into actual 5G applications across different verticals (i.e. sectors), including healthcare, transportation/mobility, industry and media/broadcasting. The report identifies challenges in each sector, such as funding constraints in healthcare, technical hurdles in transportation, market immaturity in industry, and infrastructure investment needs in media, highlighting the complex landscape of 5G deployment. Key cross-cutting challenges include uncertain business cases due to lack of clear benefits and empirical validation, financial barriers from high deployment costs and insufficient early-stage funding, technical and infrastructural limitations, especially in rural areas, regulatory constraints including spectrum allocation and data privacy, security and privacy concerns necessitating a comprehensive approach for compliance, acceptability and usability issues that require simplifying 5G for broader adoption, and collaboration challenges highlighting the need for forums, dialogue sessions, and partnerships to facilitate idea exchange and project advancements. Overall, the report emphasizes the need for a systemic approach to addressing these challenges. This includes clarifying the business value of 5G; fostering ecosystems for collaboration; and ensuring that policy and regulatory frameworks support the innovative, equitable deployment of 5G technology. Overcoming these hurdles will require concerted efforts from all stakeholders, including governments, industry and the wider community. Only then will the transformative potential of 5G for society be fully realized.
3
Norelli, John L., Moshe Flaishman, Herb Aldwinckle i David Gidoni. Regulated expression of site-specific DNA recombination for precision genetic engineering of apple. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587214.bard.
Streszczenie:
Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: 1) evaluate inducible promoters for the expression of recombinase in apple (USDA-ARS); 2) develop alternative selectable markers for use in apple to facilitate the positive selection of gene excision by recombinase (Cornell University); 3) compare the activity of three different recombinase systems (Cre/lox, FLP/FRT, and R/RS)in apple using a rapid transient assay (ARO); and 4) evaluate the use of recombinase systems in apple using the best promoters, selectable markers and recombinase systems identified in 1, 2 and 3 above (Collaboratively). Objective 2 was revised from the development alternative selectable markers, to the development of a marker-free selection system for apple. This change in approach was taken due to the inefficiency of the alternative markers initially evaluated in apple, phosphomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase, and the regulatory advantages of a marker-free system. Objective 3 was revised to focus primarily on the FLP/FRT recombinase system, due to the initial success obtained with this recombinase system. Based upon cooperation between researchers (see Achievements below), research to evaluate the use of the FLP recombinase system under light-inducible expression in apple was then conducted at the ARO (Objective 4). Background: Genomic research and genetic engineering have tremendous potential to enhance crop performance, improve food quality and increase farm profits. However, implementing the knowledge of genomics through genetically engineered fruit crops has many hurdles to be overcome before it can become a reality in the orchard. Among the most important hurdles are consumer concerns regarding the safety of transgenics and the impact this may have on marketing. The goal of this project was to develop plant transformation technologies to mitigate these concerns. Major achievements: Our results indicate activity of the FLP\FRTsite-specific recombination system for the first time in apple, and additionally, we show light- inducible activation of the recombinase in trees. Initial selection of apple transformation events is conducted under dark conditions, and tissue cultures are then moved to light conditions to promote marker excision and plant development. As trees are perennial and - cross-fertilization is not practical, the light-induced FLP-mediated recombination approach shown here provides an alternative to previously reported chemically induced recombinase approaches. In addition, a method was developed to transform apple without the use of herbicide or antibiotic resistance marker genes (marker free). Both light and chemically inducible promoters were developed to allow controlled gene expression in fruit crops. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the feasibility of "marker excision" and "marker free" transformation technologies in apple. The use of these safer technologies for the genetic enhancement of apple varieties and rootstocks for various traits will serve to mitigate many of the consumer and environmental concerns facing the commercialization of these improved varieties.
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Dawson, William O., i Moshe Bar-Joseph. Creating an Ally from an Adversary: Genetic Manipulation of Citrus Tristeza. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586540.bard.
Streszczenie:
Citrus is one of the major agricultural crops common to Israel and the United States, important in terms of nutrition, foreign exchange, and employment. The economy of both citrus industries have been chronically plagued by diseases caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). The short term solution until virus-resistant plants can be used is the use of mild strain cross-protection. We are custom designing "ideal" protecting viruses to immunize trees against severe isolates of CTV by purposely inoculating existing endangered trees and new plantings to be propagated as infected (protected) citrus budwood. We crossed the substantial technological hurdles necessary to accomplish this task which included developing an infectious cDNA clone which allows in vitro manipulation of the virus and methods to then infect citrus plants. We created a series of hybrids between decline-inducing and mild CTV strains, tested them in protoplasts, and are amplifying them to inoculate citrus trees for evaluation and mapping of disease determinants. We also extended this developed technology to begin engineering transient expression vectors based on CTV as tools for genetic improvement of tree crops, in this case citrus. Because of the long periods between genetic transformation and the ultimate assay of mature tree characteristics, there is a great need for an effective system that allows the expression or suppression of target genes in fruiting plants. Virus-based vectors will greatly expedite progress in citrus genetic improvement. We characterized several components of the virus that provides necessary information for designing virus-based vectors. We characterized the requirements of the 3 ’-nontranslated replication promoter and two 3 ’-ORF subgenomic (sg) mRNA controller elements. We discovered a novel type of 5’-terminal sgRNAs and characterized the cis-acting control element that also functions as a strong promoter of a 3 ’-sgRNA. We showed that the p23 gene controls negative-stranded RNA synthesis and expression of 3 ’ genes. We identified which genes are required for infection of plants, which are host range determinants, and which are not needed for plant infection. We continued the characterization of native dRNA populations and showed the presence of five different classes including class III dRNAs that consists of infectious and self-replicating molecules and class V dRNAs that contain all of the 3 ’ ORFs, along with class IV dRNAs that retain non-contiguous internal sequences. We have constructed and tested in protoplasts a series of expression vectors that will be described in this proposal.
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Samochowiec, Jakub, Johannes C. Bauer i Kathrin Neumüller. Strategies for Dealing With the Labour Shortage – An Overview. Gdi-verlag, GDI Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute, czerwiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59986/hcmm6371.
Streszczenie:
The Swiss labour market will shrink without immigration. But even with high immigrationnfigures, it will not be possible to maintain the previous growth of the labour market. Employers need to adapt to this situation. This study compiles and arranges different measures for dealing with the labour shortage, with the aim of showing different approaches to deal with the situation. The measures are arranged following the formula: Number of person-hours x efficiency = output The increase in the number of person-hours includes, on the one hand, measures to make employers more attractive. These are relative competitive advantages in the labour market. In a survey, 1,000 employees from German-speaking Switzerland were asked about their satisfaction with different aspects of their work and these areas of satisfaction were compared with their overall satisfaction, loyalty toward their employer and intentions of quitting their jobs. It showed that development opportunities (both personal and in terms of their career) and the appreciation by an employer who matches one’s values are the most important employer attributes for employees, but it is precisely the development opportunities that are often not offered to a satisfactory extent. The increase in the number of person-hours comprises, on the other hand, measures to expand labour market participation, which means that more person-hours are worked in the market. There are many options for this. Where remote working has become the norm, there are not many obstacles to offshoring work abroad. In addition, pensioners are open to working on a project-by-project basis and, if need be, could be recruited via “gig-economy” style platforms for individual tasks. A corporate platform could lower the hurdle for pensioners who worked for that company (in terms of psychology and also the bureaucracy) and create a broad but casual recruitment pool. Furthermore, career and pension advice could encourage women to increase their working hours or at least to not to give up their jobs completely despite high childcare costs. Political measures could also be introduced to lower the latter. It is probable that the labour market of the future will have to cope with fewer people, despite all efforts to increase person-hours. The formula suggests another factor: the increase in efficiency. Automation of work processes is one example of an efficiency measure. In a survey of managers, half of the respondents thought that about 20% of the work could already be automated today. However, there was a lack of competencies (also a consequence of the labour shortage), of a technology-savvy culture and of confidence that quality can be maintained. In addition, respondents to the employee survey also perceive about 20% of the work they do as unnecessary (excessive emails, meetings, administrative tasks, etc.). This is partly attributed to too much in-house bureaucracy and too many managers – which is the occupational group that has grown the most in the swiss labor market since 1991. The connection between wages and value generation seems to be restricted both within companies and in society as a whole. The labour shortage is often also caused by an allocation problem. Even measures to increase efficiency do not necessarily lead to less need for staff. Rather, the consequence of increased efficiency is often an almost automatic expansion GDI Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute 5 of output. In order to cope with the labour shortage, it is necessary to deal with output carefully and to reflect on where output should be expanded, capped or even reduced so that any reduction in output is done in a controlled manner. Especially in the context of an increasing relevance of sustainability, there are services and products in all companies that need to be questioned and the elimination of which would promote the credibility of sustainability strategies and thus also increase the chance that the corporate values match those of young employees. Perhaps other legal forms are necessary in order to avoid the pressures for growth which are linked with a shareholder structure. Alternative models are possible.