Rozprawy doktorskie: „Technological systems”

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Kahen, Goel. "Strategic planning systems in technological development." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336467.

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Odegaard, Leiv Erik. "Technological Step-Change in Industrial Production Systems." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25929.

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One of the most enduring issues in research on business strategy and organization is how firms can survive and achieve prosperity in the long run. A recurring answer to it is that firms must be ambidextrous: efficient in their conduct of todays business while simultaneously being able to adapt to changes in the environment in the future. The recipe recommended to firms which strive for ambidexterity has often been to conduct two forms of innovation at the same time. Incremental innovations are smaller improvements in existing operations and must be pursued to enhance its efficiency. Radical innovations are concepts which are so new that they are incompatible with the existing organization and needed to stay ahead of and adapt to paradigm shifts in the technology and market. However, combining the pursuit of these innovations has proved difficult. The literature therefore suggests that they be carried out in separate organizational units, but the problem is then how firms can reap the synergies of them though integration. This thesis focuses on technological process innovation in industrial production systems. With this as a scope, it contributes to the understanding of ambidexterity in firms by exploring a new form of process innovation, technological step-change, which theoretically is positioned between incremental and radical innovation. Technological step-change is on one hand distinguished from radical innovation as it does not represent any shifts, but rather is related to the development of the existing production systems. On the other, it is distinguished from incremental innovation as it involves the introduction of new technological artifacts and larger, architectural changes in the system, and as such requires assistance from personnel with advanced technological knowledge. Based on a case study, a conclusion is that incremental innovations and step-changes reinforce each other and that the technology in step-changes has its origin in the radical innovation activities. Therefore, while the separated pursuits of incremental and radical innovations alone are largely independent of each other, technological step-changes form a link between the two and enable ambidexterity. It is furthermore found that step-changes are facilitated by the separation of incremental and radical innovation in distinct organizational units on one hand and integration with integrative mechanisms on the other.

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Swoish, Michael Joseph. "Technological Innovations for Mid-Atlantic Cropping Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104449.

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Greater projected demand for food, fuel, and fiber will require substantial increases in global agricultural production over the next three decades. Climate change is also forecasted to make weather events more extreme and variable. Efficiency will become more important as demand for food products increases and the availability of fertilizer and land decreases. Technology may be of paramount importance for pushing the boundaries of production while remaining sustainable for generations to come. The first chapter of this dissertation investigated the importance of rate and timing of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl to malting barley in Virginia. Plant growth regulators can help plants remain upright during strong winds, thereby preserving grain quality and yield. However, this study demonstrated that risks of plant injury also exist. Application should be restricted to fields with greater risk of lodging and made only after the barley crop has broken dormancy and a substantial increase in air temperature is not forecasted in the week following application. Chapter two compared the efficacy of eight vegetation indices calculated from three satellites (Landsat 8, Sentinel 2, and Planet) for estimating cover crop biomass. Cover crops can have beneficial effects on agricultural land as well as groundwater and surface water, but only when adequate biomass is established to reduce erosion and nutrient leaching. Satellite imagery was able to estimate multi-species cover crop biomass more accurately than field-based sensors, although the most accurate vegetation index was dependent upon which satellite was being tested. Chapter three investigated the potential of Arabidopsis thaliana ipk1-, a loss-of-function mutant which exhibits decreased growth at elevated phosphorus concentration, for serving as in indicator of plant available phosphorus. An indicator crop could provide greater spatial resolution compared to soil testing, as well as represent plant available nutrients as opposed to chemically extracted nutrient estimations. Plant response exhibited a quadratic relationship with media P concentration in the range of fertilizer decision making for maize, providing valuable insight for potential yield response in agricultural fields below 'very high' phosphorus concentration. Doctor of Philosophy Climate change, increased demand for locally sourced ingredients, and elevated pressure for environmentally responsible practices will make meeting the growing demand for food difficult for farmers to achieve over the next few decades. Similar to many other industries, implementation of advanced technology may be necessary to keep up with agricultural demand. Plant growth regulators are one such technology which when applied to plants can cause them to remain short, decreasing the chance of blowing over during windstorms. However, chapter one of this dissertation concluded that risks of plant injury also exist when applying plant growth regulator on malting barley (for brewing or distilling). Application should be restricted to fields with greater risk of wind damage (e.g. taller barley) and made only after the barley crop begins spring growth and a decrease in air temperature is not forecasted in the week following application. Chapter two compared eight spectral vegetation indices across three satellites with different image resolution for their ability to estimate cover crop biomass. Cover crops protect groundwater and surface water quality, but only when adequate growth is achieved. Satellite imagery was able to estimate multi-species cover crop biomass more accurately than field-based sensors, although the most accurate vegetation index was dependent upon which satellite was being tested. Chapter three investigated the potential of Arabidopsis thaliana ipk1-, a loss-of-function mutant which exhibits decreased growth at elevated phosphorus concentration, as in indicator of plant available phosphorus in soil. An indicator crop could help determine which areas of a field are likely to have increased crop yield if fertilized and which are not. The mutant tested could be useful as an indicator crop given its response to phosphorus concentration, warranting further research with other plant species more appropriate for field use.

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Gan, Thiam Soon. "A comparative analysis of technological learning systems in emerging rotorcraft companies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70798.

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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-136). The aim of this research is to understand how emerging rotorcraft companies in various countries accomplished technological learning over the last sixty years. Owing to its unique products and growing market demand, rotorcraft industry is one of the most globalized and dynamic sectors of the aerospace industry. Understanding technological learning in the rotorcraft industry is important to industrial policy makers and corporate managers who are seeking more clarity in the relationship between rotorcraft companies and the global social-political environment. Although there has already been extensive research on technological learning in various industries, evidence of technological learning in the rotorcraft industry has been lacking. This research aims to fill this gap in the field of technological learning by unveiling the learning dynamic and technological evolution of emerging rotorcraft companies. This thesis will analyze these developments by research on emerging rotorcraft companies' National Innovation Systems (NIS) and their different modes of cooperation with foreign companies. The analysis on the companies' NIS is an important element of the research framework as it defines the national innovation environment for the industry. NIS represents the unique system of institutional, private and foreign stakeholders and their interaction in the country. The analysis on the different modes of cooperation with foreign companies is the second key element of the research framework as mode of cooperation is an important technological indicator for emerging rotorcraft companies. To substantiate the findings of technological learning in the rotorcraft industry, three case studies of emerging rotorcraft companies - Agusta (Italy), Avicopter (China) and Kawasaki Heavy Industries Aerospace (Japan) were made. Each case provides both holistic and detailed view of the unique technological learning system of the company by analyzing both national-level and company-level factors. This thesis synthesizes and compares the three companies' technological learning systems and draws conclusion in relationship to their respective NIS. This thesis has identified that concurrent internal learning, a history of cooperation, favorable national learning environment and production scale are essential for emerging rotorcraft companies to succeed. Moreover, it has also found that denial of technology access only slows down but does not prevent technological learning completely. This thesis will not only provide industrial policy makers and corporate managers with greater insight into the technological learning systems of emerging rotorcraft companies, but also a different perspective regarding technological transfer and cooperation. Finally, this thesis contributes to the research on technological learning through its original case studies from the rotorcraft industry. by Thiam Soon Gan. S.M.in Engineering and Management

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Sepulveda, Nestor A. (Sepulveda Morales). "Decarbonization of power systems : analyzing different technological pathways." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107278.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2016. Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 211-214). Climate change poses a major challenge to society. Different sectors of society will need to respond in different ways; for the power sector, the response will require the aggressive reduction of CO2 emissions to near zero by 2050. There is no unique pathway for achieving a given level of decarbonization, and different pathways will require greater or lesser resources. In general, as the degree of carbon mitigation increases, each additional unit of reduction will become more expensive. The world has limited resources, as do national economies. Thus, whether the solution to decarbonization is achieved through markets or through centralized planning, the solution should be the one that maximizes society's welfare, i.e., that achieves the goal at minimum cost for society. This thesis explores the potential cost implications of different decarbonization pathways for the electricity generation mix in the year 2050. The impacts of different CO2 reduction targets and technological choices on the cost of decarbonization are compared. The average price of electricity is used as a metric for the cost of decarbonization to society. An important requirement of the analysis is to take account of changes in the expected cost of existing technologies over this period, as well as the possibility that new technologies will become available. This research takes a systemic view, including a detailed representation of the interactions between different types of power system technologies, taking into consideration the synergies and limitations that each asset class creates and/or imposes on others. To explore the impact of differences in system characteristics, two different U.S. power systems are analyzed: New England's power system and the Texas power system. These differ significantly in their demand profiles and in the availability of renewable resources. Cost estimates developed by the International Energy Agency and the Nuclear Energy Agency for 2020 are used as input parameters for the analysis. Uncertainty in cost estimates is addressed by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis on future cost reductions for renewables and storage systems, as well as future cost increases for nuclear technologies. Additionally, to account in part for the likelihood of future changes in the pool of available technological options, two new supply-side technologies currently under development are included in the analysis, as are new capabilities for managing demand-side resources. A novel long-term generation investment model, GenX, has been developed to determine the minimum cost generation mix subject to various emissions constraints and different technological pathways. GenX is a capacity expansion model with clustered unit commitment constraints whose main features include: 1) the ability to evaluate the impact of operating constraints with hourly resolution on investment decisions and on total generation cost; 2) the ability to account for the chronological variability of demand and renewable output, and correlations between the two; and 3) the ability to decide on power plant investments and operation at the individual plant level. Each technology is characterized by a particular set of operational and economic parameters. Additionally, GenX is capable of modeling new technological concepts {advanced nuclear (Generation IV) and heat storage{ which would support interactions between electricity and heat markets. The model is implemented in the Julia language and has been used to simulate 560 different decarbonization/technology scenarios. Key results include: (1) the importance for minimizing the cost of decarbonization of having a diversity of technological options with a range of technical and economic attributes; more specifically, (2) the central importance of having dispatchable low-carbon resources, such as nuclear power or carbon capture and sequestration systems. For example, when dispatchable low-carbon technologies are not available, the cost of achieving deep decarbonization goals is shown to triple in power systems such as New England's with lower renewables potential, and to double even in a Texas-like system with higher renewables potential; and (3) the great potential of new technological concepts for simultaneously reducing CO2 emissions and decreasing the cost of electricity considerably. An important policy implication of this work is the need to shift from technology-specific support mechanisms for decarbonization (e.g. renewable portfolio standards) to general low-carbon support mechanisms that will allow for competition between and adaptation of low-carbon technologies. The methodology developed in this research supports two important new capabilities for policy makers: (1) the ability to calculate the extra cost associated with dispensing with specific technological options {such as nuclear power{ will enable improved cost-benefit analysis of policies directed towards specific technologies; (2) the ability to model the potential impact of new technological concepts on the cost of decarbonization will help to optimize the allocation of R&D resources with respect to their potential contribution to reducing CO2 abatement costs. by Nestor A. Sepulveda. S.M. S.M. in Technology and Policy

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Омельяненко, Віталій Анатолійович, Виталий Анатольевич Омельяненко, and Vitalii Anatoliiovych Omelianenko. "Basics of general approach for technological systems analysis." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46970.

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The article deals with the problem of analysis of technological system as a special kind of socio & economic & technological systems. General approach for technology concept is considered. Structure of technological system that allows its analyzing and developing proposed.

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Luo, Jianxi. "Hierarchy in industry architecture : transaction strategy under technological constraints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62759.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-163). Motivation -- Industrial firms survive, sustain and co-evolve by participating in the sector of innovation and production through industrial transactions with each other. However, it is difficult for specialized firms to be aware of and manage accordingly the kind of systemic constraints and opportunities induced by relevant but indirect transactions, as well as the technological and economic requirements of their value chains, which they cannot control or even sufficiently observe. The myopia may cause specialized firms to implement incorrect strategies, leave them vulnerable to system failures or ignorant of emerging opportunities. This implies a paradox: the simultaneous needs to specialize and to understand and manage the big picture of the eco-system. Goal -- Previous industry studies have focused on the question if a transaction with an external firm is needed rather than in-house production, and on empirical work from single industries or bilateral relationships between firms. Meanwhile, the firms' positions in the sectoral transactional network are also influential to the success and performance of firms. In this dissertation, I conduct transactional network analysis to explore how firms are organized in the sector of aggregated industries, in order to shed light on the set of previously ignored knowledge on industrial transactions, which is valuable to single firms in designing strategies and managing operations but is not available from firm- and industry-level analysis. Hierarchy in Industry Architecture -- At the sector level, existing theories often assumed hierarchical or non-hierarchical relationships among industrial firms, and quantitative evidence on variable degrees of hierarchy in industry sectors is lacking. This dissertation first identifies and defines the type of hierarchy relevant to industry studies -flow hierarchy, develops a network-based metric on the degree of hierarchy (one-way flow of transactions), and applies it to the transaction data from two industrial sectors in Japan. The empirical results show that the electronics sector exhibits a significantly lower degree of hierarchy than the automotive sector due to the presence of many transaction cycles. It shows that the simplistic hierarchy hypothesis for production sectors does not always hold. Industrial Network Model and Transaction Specificity -- I further create a network simulation model with random networks to relate sector-level hierarchy degrees to firm-level behavioral variables, and infer transaction specificity, i.e. the extent to which a firm is captive to a niche of customers positioned closely in the industrial network hierarchy. The model builds on three basic rules on market structures, i.e. hierarchy, niche, and the mapping relationship between roles and positions. Transaction specificity provides a way to quantify the tendency of a firm to fix or institutionalize its role according to its relative network position, or where the transactions of a firm are oriented in the value chains, whereas traditional studies analyze whether a transaction versus in-house production is needed. The result shows that transaction specificity in the electronics sector is quantitatively much lower than that in the automotive sector. Interviews and Firm Boundary Strategies -- I further conducted interviews with nine firms in the two sectors and found that, with decision rationales related to product modularity, innovation dynamics and asset specificity, the major electronics firms take the permeable vertical boundary strategy and diversified horizontal boundary strategy, which decrease transaction specificity so that many transaction cycles emerge in the electronics sector. My analysis shows the permeability of a firm's vertical boundary, i.e. playing multiple value chain roles, is the necessary condition for transaction cycles to emerge. Meanwhile, these two strategies are not feasible in the automotive sector according to interviews. They are also not observed in the American electronics sector. My data show the American electronics firms tend to be vertically specialized in the value chains. Social-Technical Arguments -- Linking network analysis results, interview data, and the prior work on the physical limits to product modularity, I argue that higher power level of a sector's technologies leads to higher transaction specificity, and more hierarchical transaction lows across the sector. High power technologies constrain strategic transaction choices, while lower power technologies enable a larger option space of transaction strategies, for companies to explore and exploit. Implications -- For academics, the use of network analysis permits transaction cost analysis, or more general analysis of transaction-related decisions, to be extended from the boundary of a firm to the architecture of a sector comprising related industries. It gives us a bird's-eye view to observe firm-level transaction behaviors and create new knowledge on transaction specificity. In addition, the analysis of the physical properties of product technologies allows us to interpret the difference in transaction specificities and hierarchy degrees of different sectors, which economic and sociology theories cannot explain. For industry practitioners, this research suggests that firms' choices for industrial transactions are under some predictable constraints from product technologies. A better understanding of the linkages between industry architecture, firm transaction strategy, and product technology, in turn can guide companies to tailor transaction strategies to implicit technological constraints and to adequately explore strategic options made feasible by technologies. by Jianxi Luo. Ph.D.

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Wood, Danielle Renee. "Building technological capability within satellite programs in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79502.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012. Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references. Global participation in space activity is growing as satellite technology matures and spreads. Countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America are creating or reinvigorating national satellite programs. These countries are building local capability in space through technological learning. They sometimes pursue this via collaborative satellite development projects with foreign firms that provide training. This phenomenon of collaborative satellite development projects is poorly understood by researchers of technological learning and technology transfer. The approach has potential to facilitate learning, but there are also challenges due to misaligned incentives and the tacit nature of the technology. Perspectives from literature on Technological Learning, Technology Transfer, Complex Product Systems and Product Delivery provide useful but incomplete insight for decision makers in such projects. This work seeks a deeper understanding of capability building through collaborative technology projects by conceiving of the projects as complex, socio-technical systems with architectures. The architecture of a system is the assignment of form to execute a function along a series of dimensions. The research questions explore the architecture of collaborative satellite projects, the nature of capability building during such projects, and the relationship between architecture and capability building. The research design uses inductive, exploratory case studies to investigate six collaborative satellite development projects. Data collection harnesses international field work driven by interviews, observation, and documents. The data analysis develops structured narratives, architectural comparison and capability building assessment. The architectural comparison reveals substantial variation in project implementation, especially in the areas of project initiation, technical specifications of the satellite, training approaches and the supplier selection process. The individual capability building assessment shows that most trainee engineers gradually progressed from no experience with satellites through theoretical training to supervised experience; a minority achieved independent experience. At the organizational level, the emerging space organizations achieved high levels of autonomy in project definition and satellite operation, but they were dependent on foreign firms for satellite design, manufacture, test and launch. The case studies can be summarized by three archetypal projects defined as "Politically Pushed," "Structured," and "Risk Taking." Countries in the case studies tended to start in a Politically Pushed mode, and then moved into either Structured or Risk Taking mode. Decision makers in emerging satellite programs can use the results of this dissertation to consider the broad set of architectural options for capability building. Future work will continue to probe how specific architectural decisions impact capability building outcomes in satellite projects and other technologies. by Danielle Renee Wood. Ph.D.

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Baxter, Jenifer. "Technological innovation systems : the case of hydrogen from waste." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59170/.

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Actor characterisation using Q methodology and three case study investigations of regional technological innovation systems using novel interaction matrices. This thesis addresses regional aspects of the technological field of hydrogen production from waste. It develops the characterisation of experts involved in the innovation of hydrogen from waste technologies through the use of Q methodology; and a new model (IM-TIS) for the analysis of technological innovation systems. The literature review revealed that the sustainable production of hydrogen from waste processes was not well represented. Truffer et al. (2012) identified a need to further investigate the relationships between functions of innovation and how a technological innovation system may change over time. This was reflected in other innovation and transitions literature. Q methodology revealed three different group identities associated with actors involved in the technological innovation system for hydrogen from waste. These identities are, Hydrogen from Waste Advocates, Cautionary Environmentalists and Hydrogen Technologists. The IM-TIS model developed for this research was applied to three case study regions in the field of hydrogen production from waste in the UK. The model is an adaptation of two existing conceptual models, Rock Engineering Systems (RES) and Functions of Innovation. The thesis identifies and reports on the characteristics of groups of experts involved in hydrogen production from waste and their potential importance. The application of IM-TIS to the three regional case studies of Tees Valley, London and South Wales is presented. A further application of the IM-TIS model using pathway analysis is applied to the case study region of London and results are presented in a worked example. This is the first time a model of this type has been applied to technological innovation system case studies in the UK. It is also the first time a variation of the RES model has been applied in the ways presented in this thesis. The new model provides the opportunity to examine the relationships between functions of innovation and identify what may change within the system over time. It is concluded that the IM-TIS model offers an analysis tool for technological innovation systems that can incorporate the relationships and interactions that occur within the system in a non-linear fashion. Evidence from the research suggests that these interactions have not been adequately addressed in previous studies. A further conclusion is that by addressing the production of hydrogen from waste using these methods, hydrogen technologies are shown to be still in an emergent state.

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Shields, William. "Theory and Practice in the Study of Technological Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26796.

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This dissertation is intended to further technology studies by analyzing some of its important methodological tools and using those tools in combination to study complex technological systems in an historical context. The first chapter of the dissertation examines in detail four influential models by which complex technological systems have been analyzed: Hughesâ s system model, Bijkerâ s social construction model, Latour, Callon, and Lawâ s actor-network model, and Ruth Schwartz Cowanâ s consumption junction model. For each model, I summarize the seminal works, analyze the uses of the model in the literature, and offer some refinements to the models based on that analysis. Chapter 2 presents three case studies applying these models two different technological systems. First, the early development of the American automobile industry, 1895 to 1940, is studied using Hughesâ s concepts of technological momentum and reverse salients. Second, the automobileâ s impact on American society is explored over the same time period relying on Ruth Schwartz Cowanâ s consumer-oriented perspective and Wiebe Bijkerâ s concept of technological frames. The third case study examines the technological means by which, over a long period of time, American cities were rendered impervious to huge conflagrationsâ commonplace until the end of the 19th century. For the analysis of this system, I use actor-network theory, Wiebe Bijkerâ s technological frames, and Hughesâ s reverse salients. Ph. D.

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Hasa, Dritan. "Innovative systems for drug delivery: pharmacokinetic and technological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/9503.

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2011/2012 Nowadays, the main objective of pharmaceutical companies is to develop innovative oral dosage forms for both prolonged and immediate drug releases. In fact, oral delivery has the peculiar advantage of being highly versatile dosage-wise. However, actives suffering from low oral bioavailability may not always be administered by using traditional dosage forms or common controlled release devices, due to the bioavailability’s strict dependence on both drug solubility in gastrointestinal fluids and on drug permeability through the cellular membranes. Recently, both conventional and modified release oral dosage forms have been developed by applying innovative technologies such as a) melt extrusion, and b) solid-state mechanochemistry. a) Melt extrusion Melt extrusion is a viable technology since it allows the production of a final dosage form having the desired shape and dimension. This is achieved by means of suitable thermoplastic polymeric carriers or by using non-polymeric carriers capable of softening or melting during the process. The loaded drug can be dissolved or dispersed in both crystalline and amorphous forms. Despite the efforts of the scientific community, this process still requires an adequate technology transfer, due to the high number of physical, chemical, physicochemical, mechanical and pharmacokinetics variables influencing the melt extruded product. In this context, the first part of the thesis (Chapter 2) presents an innovative contribution, i.e., the production of unconventional melt helical shaped extrudates with a ram extruder. These extrudates, based on mixtures of microcrystalline wax and theophylline, were characterized in terms of morphology (by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)), of in vitro dissolution, of solid- state (by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)) and by checking the presence of the drug on the surface (by Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)). Finally, an ad hoc in vitro-vivo modeling, suitably describing, and predicting the drug release and absorption from such kind of systems, was designed. b) Mechanochemistry Mechanochemical activation has been successfully employed to ameliorate the oral performance of drugs having scarce solubility, and therefore, low bioavailability. Through this solvent-free solid-state process, drug-carrier composites containing the drug in a highly available form are obtained thanks to the modification of its physicochemical properties (e.g. in an amorphous or nanocrystalline drug). This is the objective of the first part of Chapter 3, where mechanochemical process has been applied to improve dissolution performance, and therefore, absorption, of two scarcely soluble highly crystalline actives, namely, vinpocetine and vincamine. The drugs were subjected to mechochemical treatment in a lab scale planetary mill, using crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone as a carrier for vinpocetine, and sodium crosscarmellose or crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone as carriers for vincamine. These studies demonstrated the suitability of these materials to the mechanochemical process, the influence of these carriers on the disruption of the crystalline lattice, and the positive influence of the carriers on the dissolution performances and in vivo absorption. The drug-carrier coground composites were then characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), DSC, PXRD, and Raman spectroscopy/imaging. A second possibility of application of the mechanochemical process is the mechanochemical synthesis: this is the focus of the second part of Chapter 3, where the mechanochemical synthesis is employed, under suitable experimental conditions, to promote the solid-state salification of both vinpocetine and vincamine. Citric acid was selected as a reagent, while crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium cross carmellose were chosen as fillers and process adjuvants in the case of vinpocetine and vincamine, respectively. In both cases, several cogrounds (differing from one another in terms of grinding time, active–to-citric acid molar ratio, presence, or absence of the filler) were prepared. This way, by means of a proper experimental design, the influence of the above mentioned formulation and process variables were studied. XPS and high-resolution TEM were used to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about the produced salt forms and to get some insight into the salification mechanism. Oggi, l’obiettivo principale dell’industria farmaceutica consiste nel progettare forme farmaceutiche innovative convenzionali a rilascio immediato e/o protratto, adatte per uso orale, poiché i vantaggi di questo tipo di somministrazione consistono nella versatilità del dosaggio. Tuttavia, questa strategia fallisce quando si trattano principi attivi con una bassa biodisponibilità e che quindi non possono essere somministrati in forma classica, o con i normali metodi di rilascio controllato; dove la stessa biodisponibilità è legata a parametri chiave, tra cui la solubilità del farmaco nei fluidi gastrointestinali e la sua permeabilità attraverso le membrane cellulari. Con lo scopo di migliorare sia la biodisponibilità dei principi attivi poco solubili, che di ottenere forme a rilascio controllato, recentemente, l’applicazione di tecnologie innovative, quali l’estrusione per fusione e l’attivazione meccanochimica allo stato solido, hanno permesso la realizzazione di diverse forme farmaceutiche orali convenzionali e quelle non convenzionali. L’estrusione per fusione è un processo vantaggioso perché, utilizzando opportuni leganti basso-fondenti, consente la realizzazione di prodotti farmaceutici dotati di forma e dimensioni omogenee; tutto ciò è possibile poiché con l’estrusione si sfruttano sia la termoplasticità dei polimeri sia il rammollimento o la fusione dei carrier non polimerici, per dare origine a matrici all’interno delle quali il farmaco può esser disciolto, intrappolato o disperso sotto forma cristallina. Purtroppo, benché grandi sforzi siano stati intrapresi dalla comunità scientifica per il trasferimento tecnologico del suddetto processo, rimane ancora un compito parzialmente irrisolto a causa del numero elevato di variabili fisiche, chimiche, farmacocinetiche e meccaniche correlate al processo stesso. In correlazione a questo, la prima parte di tesi (Capitolo 2) ha valuto portare un contributo innovativo, dove la preparazione di forme farmaceutiche solide per uso orale ad azione protratta, consiste nella progettazione, formulazione e caratterizzazione di estrusi con una forma non convenzionale, cioè elicoidale, in un estrusore a pistone, composti da teofillina e cera microcristallina come agente matriciale. Gli estrusi ottenuti, sono stati in seguito caratterizzati in vitro, effettuando studi morfologici mediante microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM), test di dissoluzione, studio dello stato solido utilizzando la calorimetria a scansione differenziale (DSC), la difrattometria a raggi X per polveri (XRPD), analisi del farmaco in superficie mediante spettroscopia di fotoemissione (XPS) e una modellizzazione in vitro-vivo, che si è dimostrata adeguata alla descrizione e alla previsione del meccanismo di rilascio e di assorbimento. Per ciò che concerne l’attivazione meccano-chimica allo stato solido, quest’ultima si basa su processi che consentono di migliorare le “performance” dei principi attivi, caratterizzati da una scarsa solubilità e quindi bassa biodisponibilità. Tale tecnologia consente, infatti, di realizzare la miglior combinazione tra un principio attivo e un materiale “trasportatore”, che permette la realizzazione di materiali compositi, così da aumentarne la biodisponibilità e quindi l’efficacia del prodotto. Nel processo non si utilizzano solventi (processo allo stato solido), ma vengono migliorate le proprietà chimico-fisiche, dove un principio attivo cristallino viene trasformato in amorfo e/o nanocristallo. Una prima applicazione della suddetta tecnologia è stata trattata nella prima parte del Capitolo 3, dove allo scopo di migliorare le performance dissolutive e conseguente assorbimento, due principi attivi cristallini poco solubili quali la vinpocetina e la vincamina sono stati sottoposti ad un processo di comacinazione, in un mulino planetario, in presenza del polivinilpirrolidone reticolato per la vinpocetina, mentre sia del polivinilpirrolidone reticolato che della sodiocarbossimetilcellulosa reticolata per la vincamina. Tale strategia ha permesso di riscontrare l’attitudine di tali materiali al processo di attivazione meccanochimica, l’influenza dei carrier sulla destrutturazione del reticolo cristallino nonché la positiva influenza dei due polimeri sulle proprietà dissolutive e sull’assorbimento per via orale. I compositi ottenuti sono stati caratterizzati mediante microscopia e trasmissione elettronica (TEM), spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica nucleare allo stato solido (SSNMR), DSC, XRPD, Raman spectroscopy/imaging. Una seconda possibile applicazione del processo meccanochimico, a cui viene introdotto il lettore nella seconda parte del Capitolo 3, è la sintesi meccano-chimica allo stato solido. In questo caso tale processo è stato impiegato al fine di promuovere mediante comacinazione in un molino planetario, in opportune condizioni sperimentali, la salificazione della vinpocetina e della vincamina usando quale reagente l’acido citrico. Veniva inoltre valutata la presenza in qualità di diluente adiuvante il polivinilpirrolidone reticolato nel caso della vinpocetina, e della sodio carbossimetilcellulosa per la vincamina. E’ stata preparata un’ampia serie di comacinati, in diverse condizioni sperimentali (differente durata della comacinazione, rapporto molare principio attivo/acido citrico, presenza assenza del diluente) e l’influenza di quest’ultime variabili sul processo di salificazione è stata stimata mediante opportuni design sperimentali, dove la spettroscopia di fotoemissione (XPS) e la microscopia a trasmissione elettronica ad alta risoluzione (HRTEM) hanno permesso di fornire non solo informazioni qualitative e quantitative sul prodotto salificato, ma anche quelle sul meccanismo della reazione di salificazione stessa. XXV Ciclo 1985

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Schweitzer, Ryan W. "Community managed rural water supply systems in the Dominican Republic : assessment of sustainability of systems built by the National Institute of Potable Water and Peace Corps, Dominican Republic /." Available online. Click here, 2009. http://services.lib.mtu.edu/etd/THESIS/2009/Civil&EnvironmentalEng/schweitzer/thesis.pdf.

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Benson, Christopher Lee. "Technological development and innovation : selected policy implications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74453.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2012. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Technological development is one of the main drivers in economic progress throughout the world and is strongly linked to the creation of new industries, jobs, and wealth. This thesis attempts to better understand how a specific technological field develops over time and to examine the policy implications resulting from that research. In order to research the specific field, we present a repeatable method to identify and describe the important innovations in an industry, using the solar photovoltaic industry as a case study. A set of 2484 patented inventions in the solar PV industry between 1961 and 2011 was selected and their metadata and textual information were analyzed using a mixture of qualitative, quantitative and objective tests. Within the patent set, a group of most highly cited patents was located and defined. We found that these highly cited patents improved on technologies across different technological hierarchy levels and that the hierarchy levels did not appear to follow any pattern over time. When compared with other patents in the set of 2484, the highly cited patents, contrary to some conjectures, did not apparently rely more on new scientific discoveries as they did not cite scientific literature more frequently than less cited patents. These findings support the theory that even the most important developments in a field are part of an integrated system and cannot be treated as standalone improvements. The work also indicates that ascribing the bulk of progress to "breakthroughs" is not seen in objective data. The thesis continues with an analysis of how these findings may apply to innovation polices in organizations. Finally, technological innovation strategies within MIT, Stanford and the United States Air Force are analyzed through the lens of the model constructed from the findings. by Christopher L Benson. S.M.in Technology and Policy S.M.

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Adams, Marc Robert. "Understanding regional agri-food systems and their supply chains : a socio-technological systems approach." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/71478/.

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This thesis investigates the development of regional agri-food systems and their supply chains to understand how they affect the sustainability of rural regions. It argues that the existing dichotomies of alternative-local and conventional-global do not provide a sufficiently nuanced understanding of the dynamic transitions and interactions that occur in regional agri-food systems. Deploying and extending socio-technological systems theory, the thesis explores the interaction between nested levels of sectoral and general agri-food regimes and reconstructs the emerging logics of interaction. Against this background, it analyses how alternative agri-food supply chain innovations evolve and assesses their various degrees of success. The meat, dairy and horticultural sectors in SW Wales are investigated as case studies, using a mixed methodological approach combining secondary data analysis and interviews with key stakeholders and supply chain actors. The research finds three sub-sectoral systems with highly differentiated socio-technological configurations and equally diversely configured niches. Using the socio- technological systems framework the: socio-technological configuration, degree of system stability and the future transitional pathways of the each sub-sectoral system is examined. This framework also creates the basis for an assessment of how likely their innovations are to be adopted or absorbed by the conventional agri-food system in SW Wales. The thesis finds that meaningful interactions occur not only within each sub-sector and betweentheir niches but also between sub-sectoral systems. The thesis ultimately provides a nuanced analysis of SW Wales’ agri-food systems that shows the complexity of regional food systems and critiques possible sustainable responses from public policy. It demonstrates that a socio-technical regime perspective can uncover the manifold relations between local and regional agri-food innovations and the dominant, multi-layered agri-food system. This constitutes a major empirical and conceptual contribution to the debates on sustainable food and rural development.

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Negro, Simona O. "Dynamics of technological innovation systems : the case of biomass energy /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2008400373.html.

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Lavinsky, D. V. "Structural analysis of the technological systems under electromagnetic field action." Thesis, Center of educational literature, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22372.

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Campbell, Georgina A. (Georgina Amy). "Incentive competitions as a policy tool for technological innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65500.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2011. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78). Large incentive competitions are becoming increasingly popular amongst policymakers and philanthropists as a mission-orientated tool for inducing innovation, particularly in areas of national priority where market incentives and conventional tools such as patents and procurements tend not to be sufficient. Using inducement mechanisms (motivators) such as a large financial reward, demanding deliverables, and technical support, incentive competitions seek to motivate innovators to exert effort and develop creative solutions to pre-defined problems. According to the literature, these motivators can be powerful mechanisms for influencing effort and creativity but their effectiveness very much depends on the combination of motivators used and conditions under which they are executed. There is a serious lack of empirical evidence on the motivators and conditions of large incentive competitions and their effectiveness to influence behaviour and outcomes. Therefore, we cannot fully appreciate the role of large incentive competitions in the innovation policy tool kit. A small body of empirical data exists on the impact of motivators within small online prizes but these prizes are very different to large incentive competitions in terms of the intended motivators incorporated and the competition environment. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of one large incentive competition- the Progressive Automotive XPRIZE (PIAXP), this thesis aims to explore the motivators incorporated into PIAXP and their ability to orient people towards a specified mission and induce innovative behaviour. In turn, this thesis aims to 1) better understand the role incentive prizes as an innovation tool and 2) identify the motivators and prize design that can be used in incentive competitions to promote desired outcomes. My research identifies two unique features of PIAXP, which can provide insight into large incentive competitions in general. 1) PIAXP effectively attracted and focused a diverse set of solvers on a specific problem, who otherwise would not or could not pursue the prize objective(s). For example, 35% of teams did not exist before. Of those teams that did exist, 30% were informal and 17% were non-vehicle- related, all turning to formal vehicle teams for the PIAXP; 2) PIAXP facilitated the development of participating teams and ideas, and actively induced innovative behaviour during the competition. These findings emphasize the important of motivators and prize design to attract and support the development of solvers and solutions. In terms of competition design, participants and organizations were influenced in different ways. Influential motivators included: recognition (validation, publicity, and personal pride), performance accelerators (business and personal), and intrinsic passion for the cause. Other elements of design that influenced entry levels and behaviour included: structure (length/ barriers to entry), categories (broad, specific or multiple), collaborative events, and support (for the organization and individual). Success within PIAXP was positively correlated with compensation and competition but negatively correlated with recognition. Effort was positively correlated with reputation but negatively correlated with fun. by Georgina A. Campbell. S.M.in Technology and Policy

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Malluzzo, Tomas. "Marine System Design in New Product Development under Technological Uncertainty." Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223332.

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Given the necessity to achieve vertical integration in complex NPD projects, this study offers a perspective on the implication of customers and suppliers involvement under technological uncertainty. The purpose of this work is to use SoSE in order to develop a framework that may support Marine system design in NPD under technological uncertainty. It has been assumed that it is possible to achieve the Pareto optimum with respect to the key variables influencing the success of the NPD process; furthermore, this study will explore the possibility to tackle the goal misalignment between Customer, Suppliers and OEMs interacting in an evolving scenario and to offer a decisional ground for the mitigation of such misalignment. Concluding, the purpose of this study has been expanded by answering three research questions on how Technological uncertainty influences NPD in Marine System Design, what alternative frameworks can be used to structure such designs and how System of Systems Engineering can be used to build such alternatives. The structure of the model built in this report is based on the concepts related to Enterprise System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), Agency Costs and Transaction Costs theories. The analysis is based on a case study where a propulsion system has to be developed in order to meet the incumbent environmental deadline imposed by the Policy maker, while taking into account future adaptations. Basing on the results, the largest misalignments pertain to the Value dimension, where the actors prioritized different features depending on their different positioning of the actors in the value chain, leading to an increase of the Agency costs in the NPD. On the other hand, the possibilities to share the knowledge, to split the costs over the involved parties and to reduce the Transaction costs represent the main advantages perceived from the actors. An integrative type of structure of the collaboration within the actors, for instance establishing a Joint venture or through Integrated development, would reduce the misalignments. Finally, ABB can use SoSE in order to manage its internal R&D process and the involvement of customers and suppliers. In general, SoS can help OEMs in dealing with uncertainty thanks to the concept of fluid boundaries. As a consequence, the integrated system will benefit of greater flexibility while complying with the requirements given by the customers and the suppliers.

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Cano, Arnoldo Rafael. "Effects of Technological Support on Decision Making Performance of Distributed Groups." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36733.

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This research was concerned with the collection of empirical data necessary to estimate the effects of decision support tools on the performance of distributed groups. Data was collected in a controlled experimental environment that simulated a geographically-dispersed meeting through the use of videoconferencing and group communication support (GCSS) technology. Results of the use of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) on group process and outcome variables were mixed. As predicted by the literature the use of a GDSS by distributed groups improved overall group consensus, decision accuracy, and decision effectiveness. The use of a GDSS also increased perceived process structure. Contrary to previous studies, the use of a GDSS increased decision time, and decreased overall satisfaction with the group process. No significant effects were found for perceived consensus, cooperation, amount of information exchange, or confidence in the decision. A strong correlation was found between decision quality and decision time. An even stronger correlation was found between perceived structure of the process and satisfaction with the process. The lack of feedback about the process and its outcomes could explain the lack of a GDSS effect on perceptions of consensus, cooperation, and confidence in the decision. Perception of subjective measures of the process may depend on the presence of the appropriate types of feedback. The results suggest that an increase in structure without a perceived improvement in decision quality (confidence in the decision) tends to reduce group satisfaction. A richer taxonomy for Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) systems is proposed whereby three orthogonal dimensions of group support are defined. These three dimensions of group support are: Communication support, decision support, and presence support. This new taxonomy suggests a number of research directions aimed at the empirical identification of contextual and design factors relevant to distributed group performance and decision making performance in general. Master of Science

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Viklund, Andreas, and Alexandra Esberg. "The technological flood : A multidimensional case study of technological resistance within the Swedish public sector." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185783.

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We are currently living in a society that is undergoing a rapid digitalization, spurring organizations to adapt and evolve their ways of operating through technology. But is it realistic to accept that all these technological changes come without some form of resistance? Technological resistance is not a new term, tracking back several centuries it is considered to be one of the side-effects that has followed the development of technology. The study utilizes a case study to investigate a department in the swedish public sector that is currently being introduced to intelligent automation (IA). By collecting insights through interviews from the perspectives of essential parties connected to the automation-project, we came to the understanding that the perceptions of a resistance can differ between actors. In this case, the technological resistance boiled down to a fear of technology’s limitations. It also became clear that the organizational form, the implementation, confusion about roles/responsibilities and the system itself were contributing factors to the technological resistance experienced in the case. The study shows the multifacetedness of technological resistance as well as how factors connected to an organization can impact the perception of the phenomenon.

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Mölleryd, Bengt G. "Entrepreneurship in technological systems : the development of mobile telephony in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Marknadsföring, Distributionsekonomi och Industriell Dynamik (D), 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-633.

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This dissertation relates and analysis the development of the Swedish mobile telephone industry from 1950-98. Based on a research of entrepreneurial theories three forms of entrepreneurship are formulated, the individual as entrepreneur, the company as entrepreneur, and the network as entrepreneur. The mobile telephone industry is seen as a technological system incorporating a broad spectrum of participants, and the account analysis how the entrepreneurs carry out different types of innovations. It starts out as a technical project, with market related innovations becoming a greater force in the final phase. The source of entrepreneurship varies over time and the individual plays a significant role early on while the network becomes of a greater importance as the system develops. Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.

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Mölleryd, Bengt G. "Entrepreneurship in technological systems : the development of mobile telephony in Sweden /." Stockholm Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1999. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/523.htm.

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Vertova, Giovanna. "Historical evolution of national systems of innovation and national technological specialisation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263064.

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Tipper, Richard. "Technological change in contemporary peasant farming systems of northern Chiapas, Mexico." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2598.

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A study of the process of technological change in contemporary Mayan agricultural systems was undertaken by an action research method that involved close collaboration with the rural development efforts of farmers in the northern highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Firstly, the socioeconomic context of technological change in Chiapas was described, with special reference to the effects of markets on agricultural development. Secondly, theta actors affecting the productivity and sustainability of the regions principal agricultural systems: maize and beans for subsistence and coffee for cash were described and measured. The use of traditional swidden methods of maize cultivation with shorter fallow periods was found to be causing a significant decline in the fertility of soils. Alternative, non-burning methods were found to be sustainable in terms of soil fertility, but required high labour inputs and were less productive during a 2-3 year transition period. Despite government programmes to promote the development of coffee plantations most farmers had adopted only ad hoc improvements, and coffee system productivities were found to be generally low. Models integrating dynamic and linear progranuning components of the improvement problem systems in maize and coffee production were constructed using evidence from the field studies. By examining a number of hypothetical scenarios, further hypotheses about the coffee and maize systems were generated. It was inferred that the relative scarcity of farm labour, cash or land resources would affect the optimum technical decisions of farmers. In particular, it was concluded that farmers with scarce cash resources would face most difficulty (in terms of loss of effective income) in adopting non-burning maize techniques and the promoted methods of coffee plantation improvement. On the basis of the evidence from the field studies and the modelling exercises a number of technical, project and policy recommendations were advocated. These were based upon the objective of maximising the potential competitive strengths of the peasant mode of production, including: the efficient use of marginal, dispersed and inaccessible resources and the production of a wide range of specialised agricultural and forestry products.

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Konoplianchenko, Ie, and V. Kolodnenko. "Ensuring reliability of complex systems by optization of time technological chains." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66581.

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In modern industrial conditions different operations are carried out in different conditions, and consequently, with their various duration. Operation synchronization at large engineering distinction of producing items is especially difficult and in many cases even impossible. At different duration each pair of adjacent operations absorbs or accumulates stock, if it is not available item storage or equipment standstill will be observed. Stock storage needs interpreting stores. However, store using essentially contradicts the requirement of manufacture continuity because the industrial areas and production cycle duration increase.

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Petersen, Emily J. ""Reasonably Bright Girls": Theorizing Women's Agency in Technological Systems of Power." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4924.

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A woman’s experience in the workplace is an inductive process into a technological, hierarchical, and often male-dominated system. This study examines how female practitioners in technical and professional communication confront the technological system of the workplace. I trace the forces that contribute to the hierarchy and power struggles women face, I present how they claim authority and agency within such hierarchical and technological systems, and I show how these experiences can lead to activism and advocacy.In addition, my findings suggest that some women leave the workplace altogether in favor of less structured and more innovative ways of communicating about technologies, particularly technologies and processes they find more applicable to their lives as women. The data from 39 interviews with female practitioners reveals that the traditional notion of the workplace is in crisis, and that women are asserting agency in order to disrupt the system and ensure a place for themselves within it.

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Srivastava, Tina Prabha. "Innovation strategy to sustain a technological edge for national security & global leadership." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100679.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Strategy, Innovation, and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015. Submitted to the Interdepartmental Thesis Committee: Aeronautics & Astronautics, Engineering Systems, and Sloan School of Management. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 241-259). The United States' global lead in secure technology innovation is a cornerstone of national defense. Breakthroughs in technology are critical in establishing and maintaining military superiority. Technology innovation strategies enable the U.S. to maintain this superiority by effectively yielding innovation from R&D investment. However, these strategies must evolve within increasing financial pressures, technological complexities, and dynamic geo-political conditions. Through an analysis of the innovation landscape and development of a taxonomy of open innovation, this dissertation shows that emergent open technology innovation strategies (OTIS) have been successfully applied in the commercial sector, and, after analyzing the relevant metrics, establishes that OTIS could be beneficial in secure U.S. Government (USG) R&D environments to enhance technology innovation. A system-level analysis of the complexities endemic to these environments revealed two fundamental challenges: (1) Secrecy Challenge: Secrecy and national security are often conflated. Secrecy can be in tension with innovation, such as when R&D is hampered because specific requirements are obscured for national security reasons. (2) Participation Challenge: Innovation strategies that depend on open collaboration to bring forth the fullest breadth of potential solutions are impeded when regulatory regimes appropriate these innovations in the name of national security without adequately incentivizing participants. This dissertation shows that USG cannot optimize the application of OTIS without addressing these pervasive challenges; high-level change is needed. This dissertation evaluates current approaches by regulatory regimes and uses a combination of legal, policy, and stakeholder analysis to identify opportunities for system-level improvement. This dissertation finds that regulatory regimes should moderate secrecy a) when secrecy is the real interest being protected, and b) if it can be done in a manner that furthers both innovation and national security. In particular, Government agencies tasked with critical innovation must be empowered to do so in a way that thoughtfully balances innovation and national security interests. This dissertation also finds that a system of non-monetary and monetary incentives is needed to prevent short-term national security interests from unintentionally jeopardizing long-term interests. Such system-level change is necessary to ensure sustainable improvement in USG's ability to effectively transition R&D investment into technology innovation to support national security. by Tina Prabha Srivastava. Ph. D. in Strategy, Innovation, and Engineering

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Unger, Brigitte, and Martin Zagler. "Organizational versus technological determinants of innovation." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/454/1/document.pdf.

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In this paper, we analyze, estimate and compare five prototypic models of innovation, from a simple learning-by-doing model to an elaborated model that includes financial, organizational and technological determinants of innovation. From the comparison of the five models we conclude that institutions - in particular the national system of innovation - and organizations matter. The importance of networks and the importance of information flows from different economic actors add to the explanatory power and gives the best model fit among all models specified. Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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Santos, Senise Rita. "Innovation Systems for Sustainability : An empirical analysis of the role of domestic and Swedish MNCs inBrazil's innovation system." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118045.

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The intellectual roots of the innovation system (IS) approach lie in attempts tounderstand the complexities of interactive relations in the innovation process. Thisthesis departs from the systemic view that ISs rest on a co-evolutionary process, inwhich on the one hand technical and economic spheres interact with policies andinstitutions, and, on the other, those spheres affect the natural environment. There isalso evidence that ISs have access to the state-of-the-art flows of knowledge, which isperceived positively in terms of international or trans-border scientific andtechnological cooperation.Comprised of a covering essay and a set of publications, this thesis is structured as acombination of five papers containing findings of the research carried out. Thequalitative research design analyzes sustainability as a desirable theoretical constructtowards which the development of ISs should be oriented. As such, special attentionwas given to both the theoretical arguments that relate to sustainability and theimportance of a shift into a new technological regime oriented towards environmentalissues in ISs. A systematization of the two main theoretical analyses of ISs has beenalso emphasized in the thesis as interactive learning and evolutionary technologicalchange theories, which originate respectively from Schumpeterian and neoevolutionarySchumpeterian views.In Edquist’s view (2001, p.35) "there is a strong need for further conceptual andtheoretical development of the IS approach. The best way of doing this is by actuallyusing the approach in empirical research". How the shift of ISs to environmentalsustainability can come about and how they can be brought together systematically isstill a largely unexplored field of research. Accordingly, the aim of this thesis is toconceptually advance an understanding of the IS as a flexible and useful approach toencompass the environmental sustainability dimension.To address this, the thesis develops a conceptual framework for ISs that is orientedtoward sustainability; based on the interactive, resource, and environmental views;and tested empirically. The conceptual framework is illustrated empirically in the casestudies of the Brazilian subsidiary of the Swedish multinational Ericsson and and the Brazilian multinational USIMINAS, with focus placed on their interactionswith the Brazilian innovation system. Since the cases belong to different sectors, thereare variables between the multinationals in terms of the nature of innovation capacity.The contrast between the two cases in terms of technological regimes provedvery interesting, and hence formed the core of the thesis.The IS approach has been gaining ground in academic circles, as well as in the fieldof public innovation policy-making in industrialized and newly industrializedcountries. The findings of the current study suggest that ISs for environmentalsustainability can be categorized as evolutionary, natural resource based, andinternationally oriented. In the context of newly industrialized countries, theinternalization of ISs has been perceived through effects of research and developmentin multinational firms, technology transfer and the international trade of capital goods.The understanding of ISs and the internationalization phenomenon in relation tosustainability warrants further studies; notably studies are required that examine theinternationalization of ISs, empirically viewing this from the perspective of bothindustrialized and newly industrialized economies. RESEARCH FUNDERS1) Brazilian Agency for Higher Education (CAPES); 2) the ScientificAgency of the Minas Gerais State (FAPEMIG), Brazil. QC 20130211

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Ogierman, Adrian [Verfasser]. "Epidemic spreading and information dissemination in technological and social systems / Adrian Ogierman." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060782995/34.

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Demie, Feyisa. "An empirical study of technological change in the Ethiopian highland farming systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38283.

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Voida, Amy. "Exploring a Technological Hermeneutic: Understanding the Interpretation of Computer-Mediated Messaging Systems." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24744.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. Committee Chair: Elizabeth D. Mynatt; Committee Member: Jay D. Bolter; Committee Member: Rebecca E. Grinter; Committee Member: W. Keith Edwards; Committee Member: Wendy A. Kellogg

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Justinia, Taghreed. "Implementing large-scale healthcare information systems : the technological, managerial and behavioural issues." Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42224.

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This study investigated the challenges that a national healthcare organisation in Saudi Arabia had to overcome in order to achieve a nationwide large-scale healthcare information system implementation. The study also examined the implications of those issues on the applicability of organisational change management models in healthcare systems implementations. The project's focus on the implementation process directed the methodology towards a qualitative approach. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used. Thirty-two participants were interviewed. They were members of the organisation who were directly involved with the implementation either as Information Technology executives and managers. Information Technology analysts and implementers, senior hospital executives from clinical areas, and other stakeholders from various departments. The data were systematically analysed using an original 'five-stage analysis framework'; specifically designed for this study. This lead to the inductive identification of forty codes, that were further refined and structured through additional stages of analysis influenced by Grounded Theory. Finally, as observed within the interviews, the most significant challenges were categorised under three broad interconnected themes; Information Technology and Systems (internal and external issues). Managerial Affairs (managing the project and resources), and Behavioural Issues (leadership and change management structures). These three themes were further structured leading to a detailed discussion on the findings. While the collection of data was driven by questions on challenges typically associated with healthcare systems implementations, the findings divulged a set of unique problems for this Saudi healthcare organisation. Some challenges were specific to it because of its nature, resources (financial and human), size, distribution of sites, project scale and its regional setting, and political atmosphere, while others were more generic problems typical of healthcare systems implementations. What has resulted from this implementation was a model for leading change in healthcare systems implementations that could be used to guide IT implementations in healthcare organisations elsewhere.

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Li, Yang. "Models and applications of wireless networks in rural environments." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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With the unprecedented growth of the communication industry that the world is experiencing, the demand from rural inhabitants for high quality communications at an economically affordable cost is growing. However, rural areas are rather restricted from deploying communication services due to the rough natural environment, and the shortage of rudimentary communication facilities and technical personnel. Appropriate models for building rural wireless networks and a concomitant simulation environment are, therefore, expected to enable the construction of technologically-optimal and economically-efficient networks in specified rural areas. The research has set up two independent models, one for the economic need and the other for the technical need of building networks in rural areas. One model was the Impact of Telecommunications Model, which disclosed the importance of building a wireless network in specified rural areas by choosing an economic parameter to forecast the profitability of the network. The other was the Service Model, which collected primitive data from given rural areas and abstracted these data by flowing them through four technical layers to form the predicted technical wireless network. Both of the models had been applied to real-world cases to demonstrate how to use them. A simulation environment was finally designed and implemented to realize the above two models for the sake of instantiation. This environment could simulate the specified rural network by constructing a wireless network on the invented areas and evaluating its quality and economic efficiency. It was written in Scilab simulation language, which was an open source.

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Wilson, Andrew. "Water management and usage in Roman North Africa : a social and technological study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243931.

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Tilière, Guillaume de. "Managing projects with strong technological rupture case of high-speed ground transportation systems /." Lausanne, Switzerland : EPFL, 2002. http://worldcat.org/oclc/50471123/viewonline.

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Thesis (Civil Engineering)--École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 2002. PDF document ; contains 333 pages, with illustrations and charts (some col.). "Thèse no. 2568 (2002)." Includes bibliographical references.

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Vodehnal, Stanislav. "Identifikace dostupnosti zařízení v technologických sítích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377118.

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This diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of network elements of technological networks and distribution systems. There are described reasons why and what kind of values we want to monitor. Three monitoring systems are then selected, described their properties and functions. Based on their merits, one system for deploying the test environment is selected. The practical part is the configuration of the selected system and its subsequent deployment to the network.

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Sullivan, Yulia. "Costs and Benefits of Mind Wandering in a Technological Setting: Findings and Implications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862836/.

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The central purpose of this dissertation is to develop and test a theoretical model of mind wandering in a technological setting by integrating the emerging work and theory on mind wandering—a shift of attention from the primary task to the processing of internal goals. This dissertation is intended to advance our understanding on the costs and benefits of mind wandering in information systems (IS) research and in turn, contribute to the literature of cognitive IS research. Understanding the consequences of mind wandering in a technological setting is imperative because mind wandering plays a vital role in influencing various outcomes associated with technology use and/or technology learning, such as technology anxiety, software self-efficacy, and task performance. This dissertation is composed of three essays which examine the determinants and consequences of mind wandering and focus of attention on a number of emotional and cognitive outcomes. A multi-method approach (i.e., online survey and laboratory experiment) across three essays is used to test the research models. Essay 1 focuses on developing the measurement items and estimating the impact of mind wandering on users' emotional outcomes (i.e., technology anxiety and users' satisfaction). Drawing upon the content regulation hypothesis of mind wandering, the content of thoughts are differentiated into two categories—technology-related thought (herein IT) and non-technology related thought (herein non-IT). The results show that whereas mind wandering (non-IT) is a major determinant of technology anxiety, focus of attention (IT) is the main predictor of users' satisfaction. Essay 2 focuses on the effect of mind wandering and focus of attention in the IS learning context. The study begins by exploring the hypotheses concerning the roles of executive functions (i.e., inhibition, switching, and working memory) and task complexity in influencing the occurrence of mind wandering and focus of attention, and in turn, cognitive outcomes (i.e., software self-efficacy and learning performance). Essay 2 integrates the use of psychological testing to measure executive functions and self-report to measure mind wandering and focus of attention. The interaction effects between mind wandering and focus of attention are also tested. The findings reveal that the costs and benefits of mind wandering in IS learning depend, in part, upon its content, whether it's technology-related or non-technology-related. Specifically, the results suggest that the congruence between the content of mind wandering experience and focus of attention determines the outcomes of such experience. Essay 3 examines the extent to which individuals' focus of attention and mind wandering influence IS decision making performance at different levels of task complexity. The research model is tested using a laboratory experiment in the context of B2C e-commerce. Drawing upon unconscious thought theory and executive control theory of mind wandering, the results show that under a low task complexity condition, focus of attention and mind wandering do not have any significant effects on performance accuracy. Under a medium task complexity condition, focus of attention leads to higher performance accuracy, but mind wandering does not have a significant effect on performance accuracy. However, under high task complexity, both focus of attention and mind wandering lead to higher performance accuracy. Mind wandering also negatively influences performance efficiency under all levels of IS task complexity.

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Hassanbasry, Andrea. "Case study of technological change process in software upgrades management migrating from Windows-based to Web-based application /." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001hassanbasrya.pdf.

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Howarth, Nicholas A. A. "The political economy of technological change, energy and climate change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:96957dc1-2bc8-466f-8963-4a7edbc0569c.

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This thesis sets out to explore some of the key dimensions in the process of socio-technological change inherent in the shift to a low carbon economy. This is done in two parts, the first focusing on theory, the second, empirical case studies. Out of the diversity of interactions between actors, technologies, and policies surrounding this process, one key question emerges: can societies really shift the structure of their economies so fundamentally to achieve a low carbon future within a reasonable timeframe? Chapter One develops an integrated approach to economic and political change to interrogate this question. This synthesizes a review of literature (Part One) examining the role of technology within some of the main theories of economic change in the social sciences. Two broad paradigms are distinguished. First, a paradigm based around the notion of equilibrium, notably the standard welfare approach of neoclassical economics; and secondly, an evolutionary paradigm, which views the economy as a complex adaptive system – such as exemplified by theories of path dependency. This theoretical background provides a broad narrative to frame and inform Part Two of the thesis. First in Chapter Four, socio-technical change is investigated in the context of the diffusion of energy efficient lighting in Germany. This study investigates the relationships between human behaviour and attitudes, lamp technology and the evolving nature of institutions, to provide a framework with which to consider the contentious issue of individual freedom versus government control in the politics of change to lower-carbon emissions. In Chapter Five, the case for the creation of a market for CO2 pollution permits is developed. In making this case, the strengths and weaknesses of emissions trading are compared and contrasted with other policy instruments and the broader political economy of the various policy options discussed. Chapter 6 builds on this to examine the political economy of implementing an emissions trading scheme in Australia and the impact the Kyoto Protocol has had on domestic politics and GHG mitigation. Chapter Seven continues with the theme of building ‘a political ecology of the state’ by investigating the politics and economics of greenhouse gas mitigation in Russia. Finally, Chapter Eight recapitulates the aims, nature and conclusions of this research and draws out its implications for policy as well as mapping out some areas for further research. In particular, the need to bring a greater sense of politics back into the study of the economy is highlighted as a vital part of building a renewed, more sustainable economic paradigm in the wake of the financial crisis and, as a way of strengthening the connection between social values and market outcomes.

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Metzler, Florian. "Firms, industries, and technological change : a patent-based approach to studying disruption and disruptors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122729.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019 Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references. This thesis presents a new empirical approach as well as a new patent-based dataset for studying disruption and technology transition cases. At the core of this approach lies a novel engineering systems framework of technological change. The framework focuses on the relationship between changes in technological competencies and changes in product designs, and encompasses both firm-level and industry-level dynamics. The new framework and dataset are applied to the study of three cases of technology transition during the 1993- 2012 period. The cases include (1) disruption in the mobile phone industry with a focus on Apple, BlackBerry, and Nokia; (2) disruption in the photography industry with a focus on Fujifilm, Canon, and Kodak; and (3) technology transition in the automotive industry with a focus on Toyota, Volkswagen, and GM. The former two industries comprise widely discussed disruption cases, allowing me to demonstrate advantages of the presented approach and develop novel insights into these cases. The third case, on the automotive industry, generates complementary insights by considering an industry with products comprising more integrated product architectures. The case selection allows for cross-case comparisons to begin endogenizing industry-specific factors. The thesis' main contributions are methodological and theoretical: First, I present a new dataset - and corresponding data assembly methods - of comprehensive corporate patent portfolios. The portfolios take into account each firm's corporate family tree structure as well as acquisitions. As such, the dataset reflects the actual range of firms' codified technological activities more closely than previous efforts and enables a more accurate view on how technological change manifests in firms and industries. To connect the data to theory, I develop a set of novel metrics to operationalize semantic concepts such as technological diversification and concentration of portfolios as well as firms' technological core and growth competencies. These metrics are based on a newly developed variance measure for hierarchically structured networks. I define growth competencies as competencies that undergo rapid year-to-year growth outside of a firm's core competencies. By identifying incumbents' growth competencies from historical data before major transitions, I am able to successfully hindcast future new entrants in the cases presented. Further, I introduce the concepts of technology space and product space as mappings of compositions of technological competencies and of technological competencies required by compositions of products. Second, the thesis makes theoretical contributions to resource-based view (RBV) and disruption literatures. Specifically, it presents a dynamic extension to the RBV, endogenizing technological change as well as firm-industry interconnections with regard to the emergence of technology convergences and the evolution of product designs. My findings suggest that a firm's relative position and movement in technology space needs to be considered separately from its position and movement in product space, i.e. its changing composition of competencies and its changing composition of products. Specifically, whereas firms' movements in product space can appear abrupt and even surprising - such as the sudden entry into new markets - my analysis shows that changes in technology space tend to be slower, more continuous, and more predictable. I find that in disruption cases such as with Apple's sudden "entry" into the mobile phone industry, the new framework reveals that it was in fact the mobile phone industry that gradually "entered" Apple's position in technology space - as the technological requirements of phone industry products became more and more similar to Apple's preexisting, and highly stable, competencies. Moreover, I extend the concept of technology-product connections, as put forth statically by RBV theorists, by adding a time-dependent dimension. I argue that incumbent failure - such as Nokia's and Kodak's - can be explained by incumbents' inability to diagnose and respond to the gradual weakening of their technology-product connections; in other words, by neglecting to either adjust their technological competencies or to adjust their product offerings in response to technological change. In turn, a firm with greater awareness of its own composition of technological competencies relative to its competitors as well as the changing technological requirements of prevalent product designs can deliberately incorporate such insights into strategic decision-making. In the empirical cases, I observe the ability to sense dynamics in technology and product spaces relative to the firm, and the ability to time the firm's actions accordingly, to be more present in some firms than in others. I term the existence of such abilities timing and sensing capabilities and propose them to be a concrete and operationalizable subset of Dynamic Capabilities. by Florian Metzler. Ph. D. in Engineering Systems Ph.D.inEngineeringSystems Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society

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Samuel, Petra. "Strategies for Integrating Technological Innovations in Small Businesses." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3834.

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The effective integration of technological innovation is vital to the success of small businesses and can catapult growth and profitability. Some business managers and supervisors, however, may not have a firm understanding of strategies for integrating technological innovations in businesses; this lack of knowledge may result in employee frustration and costly roadblocks to achieving business objectives. This case study was conducted to identify the strategies used by business managers and supervisors to integrate technological innovations in small businesses. Christensen's theory of disruptive innovation and Rogers' theory of diffusion of innovation served as the conceptual framework. Ten business managers and supervisors from Castries, St. Lucia, participated in semistructured interviews. Participants who were selected using purposive sampling worked in a small business in St. Lucia for atleast 5 years, were part of senior management, and used strategies for integrating technological innovations in a small business. Two of the themes that emerged from data analysis were integration challenges relating to technological innovation complexity, and technology cost regarding hardware, upgrades and software procurement. Findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing business managers and supervisors insight about strategies and innovative solutions they can use to develop better business practices, increase tax revenues, and employment opportunities, improve profitability, and boost the economy.

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Leon, Nick. "Complex city systems : how cities are using technological systems to transform and compete in a global knowledge based economy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11516.

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Marope, Tumisang. "Future technological factors affecting unmanned aircraft systems (UAS):a South African perspective towards 2025." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2939.

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The fact that pilots are not physically situated in the aircraft for UAS operations makes the current standards applicable to manned aircraft not suitable for UAS operations (FAA, 2013). FAA (2013:18) states that ―removing the pilot from the aircraft creates a series of performance considerations between manned and unmanned aircraft that need to be fully researched and understood to determine acceptability and potential impact on safe operations in the NAS. According to ERSG (2013), not all technologies necessary to ensure the safe integration of civil UASs into civilian airspace are available today. The extrapolation that can be made based on the above arguments is that advancement of UAS technologies will more likely have a significant bearing on the safe integration of UASs into civilian airspace. Therefore, as an identified research gap, the research/main objective of this research is to identify future technological factors affecting Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Republic of South Africa leading towards the year 2025.

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RAHMAN, SHAHNUR. "Visual Perception in Autonomous Vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189346.

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The human factor accounts for nine out of ten out of all traffic accidents, and because more vehicles are being deployed on the roads, the number of accidents will increase. Because of this, various automated functions have been implemented in vehicles in order to minimize the human factor in driving. In recent year, this development has accelerated and vehicles able to perform the complete driving task without any human assistance have begun to emerge from different projects around the world. However, the autonomous vehicle still has many barriers to overcome before safe driving in traffic becomes a reality. One of these barriers is the difficulty to visually perceive the surrounding. This is partly because of the fact that something can cover the camera sensors, but it is also problematic to translate the perceived data, that the sensors are collecting, into something valuable for the passenger. The situation could be improved if wireless communications were available to the autonomous vehicle. Instead of trying to understand the surrounding by the use of camera sensors, the autonomous vehicle could obtain the necessary data via wireless communication, which was the subject of this study. The study showed that wireless communication will be significant for the autonomous vehicle in the future. The conclusion is based on the fact that wireless communication was a solution in other transport systems that have had the similar barrier as for the autonomous vehicle. There are also plans on managing the barrier via wireless communication in pilot projects related to autonomous vehicles. Den mänskliga faktorn står för nio av tio utav alla trafikolyckor, och eftersom att allt fler fordon kommer ut på vägarna så leder det till att olycksantalet ökar. På grund av detta så har olika automatiserade funktioner applicerats i fordonet för att undvika den mänskliga faktorn i körningen. Denna utveckling har accelererat och fordon som ska kunna utföra hela det dynamiska framförandet utan mänsklig assistans har börjat utvecklas i olika projekt runt om i världen. Dock så har det autonoma fordonet många barriärer kvar att övervinna, för säkert framförande, varav en av dessa barriärer är fordonets förmåga att visuellt uppfatta omgivningen. Dels genom att något kan täcka kamerasensorerna men även att kunna omsätta det sensorerna uppfattar till något värdefullt för passageraren. Situationen skulle dock kunna förbättras om trådlös kommunikation gjordes tillgänglig för det autonoma fordonet. Istället för att försöka uppfatta omgivningen via kamerasensorer, skulle det autonoma fordonet kunna få den information som behövs via trådlös kommunikation, vilket är vad denna studie behandlade. Studien visade att trådlös kommunikation kommer att ha en betydelse för det autonoma fordonet i framtiden. Slutsatsen grundar sig på att trådlös kommunikation varit en lösning inom andra transportsystem som haft en liknande barriär som för det autonoma fordonet. Man planerar dessutom på att hantera det autonoma fordonets barriär via trådlös kommunikation i pilotprojekt i dagsläget

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Mthupha, Bokang. "A framework for the development and measurement of agile enterprise architecture." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002777.

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Enterprise architecture is the high-level design of the entire business, facilitated by enterprise architects. "Agile enterprise architecture" is the term used in enterprise architecture to describe an architecture that caters for future unknowns, enabling change to occur rapidly without undue resource utilization, yet in a controlled manner and with minimal adverse impact. Some enterprise architects still use outdated, rigid approaches to enterprise architecture which are incompatible with today‟s business environment. In addition, there is limited research into methods that can be applied to measure the agility of enterprise architecture. The current environment is such that there is a need for a more agile approach to developing and measuring enterprise architecture. This work will lead to the creation of a Framework for The Development and Measurement of Agile Enterprise Architecture. In support of the main goal of the development of the framework, a literature review will be conducted focusing on the necessary sub-goals of the research. The first sub-goal of the literature review is to develop a comprehensive definition for enterprise architecture (referred to as EA), as well as discover how it is currently practiced. Thereafter, the literature review will investigate a comprehensive definition for agility and research why it is emerging as a critical topic. The next chapter of the literature review will research how agility fits within the context of EA, uncovering a comprehensive definition for agile EA and the best practices in agile EA development. The final chapter of the literature review will investigate suitable measurement techniques that can be used to assess the level of agility of EA. On completion of the literature review, a preliminary framework will be created using the most important contributions from the literature. An empirical study will be conducted to explore the definitions for EA, agility, agile EA, the methods to measure the agility of EA and the concepts for the development of agile EA summarised in the preliminary framework. Data analysis follows an interpretive and qualitative approach based on four case studies through interviews with systems experts in four South African organizations in one province. Each interviewee was interviewed once. The initial interview with a Principal Consultant on Enterprise Strategy Consulting at organisation # 1 formed the basis of an exploratory study; the results of which were used to refine the research instrument and preliminary framework. Thereafter, a more rigorous empirical study focused on interviews with the Chief Architect, Senior Manager in Advisory Services and an Enterprise Architect at organizations 2, 3 and 4 respectively was conducted. The research follows an inductive approach to capture the interpretive experiences of participants and develop theoretical propositions from them. Following the exploratory pilot study it became necessary to make changes to the preliminary framework and initial survey instrument created. Thereafter, the empirical study consisting of the remaining three cases was conducted to test the important aspects of the framework and literature definitions. The analysis of the results of the empirical study prompted further changes to the theoretical framework and definitions created. The interviews conducted with each of the organizations confirmed the factors for agile EA development as well as the effectiveness of the definitions created in the literature review. The research uncovered that the need for a more agile approach to developing EA and a way to measure the level of agility of EA has become more and more significant in organizations. This begins with a better understanding of EA, agility, how agility fits within the context of EA, as well as appropriate methods to measure agility.

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Tychkov, V. V., R. V. Trembovetskaya, and T. Yu Kisil. "The Flow-Injection Device for Remaining Chlorine in Technological Water." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46371.

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The flow and flow-injection methods of lead through of analysis are effectively used for development of automatic control systems (ACS) of technological water. The creation ACS of remaining chlorine conducted in the direction of diminishing of physical devices specifications, increase of analysis automation, diminishing of their production and exploitation cost.

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Broos, Elizabeth. "Information, communication and technological competencies in a digital working environment a case study in the Netherlands Defence Organization /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06182008-115804/.

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SARASKETA, ZABALA ELIXABET. "Technological and economic evaluation of district cooling with absorption cooling systems in Gävle (Sweden)." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för energi- och maskinteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4762.

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Khan, Shaukat Ali. "Technological and Social Issues in the development and deployment of Facial Recognition Biometric Systems." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för för interaktion och systemdesign, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1230.

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There has been considerable amount of work done in the past decade by different biometric vendors as well as researchers in order to improve the accuracy of both biometric data collection systems as well as the underlying algorithms to perform different mapping and matching. Biometric Facial recognition systems are continuously improving with advancements in technology as well as decreasing hardware costs. However, in order to develop efficient biometric facial recognition systems, organizations must take into account different technical issues which include reliability, usability, interoperability as well as data collection, dissemination and evaluation of such systems. Adherence to standards is a key for interoperable systems and user acceptance along with trust can lead to easy deployment of such facial biometric systems in a society. These technical as well as social issues were identified by regular discussions with the Chairman and members of Swedish National Biometric Association’s and conducting interview sessions with different biometric companies who are specially dealing with face recognition biometric systems and are supplemented with a thorough literature review of the state of art research practices within face recognition domain. The demand for user-friendly, reliable, proactive, high performance and highly interoperable biometric devices has grown exponentially. After conducting the case study, collecting data through the questionnaire and reviewing the literature the researchers come to the point that organizations willing to develop or deploy such systems needs to take into account many technical as well as social issues to make the best out of these systems. The extension of face recognition biometric technologies raises new and challenging questions in a society that enshrines privacy and liberty. This system can either enhance or undermine our liberties depending upon its use. A framework is needed by which we may resolve issues pertaining to proper and legitimate deployment and get expected outcome. The framework or centralized structure is needed which will compile and common issues and provide guidelines to face recognition biometric industry.

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