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Wu, Zhi-Yuan, Cheng-Chang Lee i Hsiu-Mei Lin. "Hyaluronidase-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Dual-Imaging and Dual-Target Function". Cancers 11, nr 5 (20.05.2019): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050697.
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Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are among the most popular research topics in recent years. Compared with traditional drug carriers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) offer modifiable surfaces, adjustable pore sizes and good biocompatibility. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have become a research direction for many scientists. With the active target factionalized, scientists could deliver drug carriers into cancer cells successfully. However, drugs in cancer cells could elicit drug resistance and induce cell exocytosis. Thus, the drug cannot be delivered to its pharmacological location, such as the nucleus. Therefore, binding the cell membrane and the nuclear target on the nanomaterial so that the anticancer drug can be delivered to its pharmacological action site is our goal. In this study, MSN-EuGd was synthesized by doping Eu3+ and Gd3+ during the synthesis of MSN. The surface of the material was then connected to the TAT peptide as the nucleus target for targeting the cancer nucleus and then loaded with the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT). Then, the surface of MSN-EuGd was bonded to the hyaluronic acid as an active target and gatekeeper. With this system, it is possible and desirable to achieve dual imaging and dual targeting, as well as to deliver drugs to the cell nucleus under a hyaluronidase-controlled release. The experimental approach is divided into three parts. First, we conferred the material with fluorescent and magnetic dual-imaging property by doping Eu3+ and Gd3+ into the MSN. Second, modification of the cell membrane target molecule and the nucleus target molecule occurred on the surface of the nanoparticle, making the nanoparticle a target drug carrier. Third, the loading of drug molecules into the carrier gave the entire carrier a specific target profile and enabled the ability to treat cancer. In this study, we investigated the basic properties of the drug carrier, including physical properties, chemical properties, and in vitro tests. The result showed that we have successfully designed a drug delivery system that recognizes normal cells and cancer cells and has good anticancer effects.
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Yang, Xiaosong, Shizhu Chen, Xiao Liu, Miao Yu i Xiaoguang Liu. "Drug Delivery Based on Nanotechnology for Target Bone Disease". Current Drug Delivery 16, nr 9 (4.12.2019): 782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201816666190917123948.
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Bone diseases are a serious problem in modern human life. With the coming acceleration of global population ageing, this problem will become more and more serious. Due to the specific physiological characteristics and local microenvironment of bone tissue, it is difficult to deliver drugs to the lesion site. Therefore, the traditional orthopedic medicine scheme has the disadvantages of high drug frequency, large dose and relatively strong side effects. How to target deliver drugs to the bone tissue or even target cells is the focus of the development of new drugs. Nano drug delivery system with a targeting group can realize precise delivery of orthopedic drugs and effectively reduce the systemic toxicity. In addition, the application of bone tissue engineering scaffolds and biomedical materials to realize in situ drug delivery also are research hotspot. In this article, we briefly review the application of nanotechnology in targeted therapies for bone diseases.
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K Purushotham i K Anie Vijetha. "A review on transdermal drug delivery system". GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 22, nr 2 (28.02.2023): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.22.2.0053.
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In order to produce systemic effects, transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), commonly referred to as "patches," are dosage forms that are intended to spread a therapeutically active amount of medicine across the skin of a patient. Drugs that are applied topically are delivered using transdermal drug delivery devices. These are pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes, containing one or more active ingredients, intended to be applied to the unbroken skin in order to deliver the active ingredient after passing through the skin barriers, and these avoid first pass metabolism. Today about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are not found effective as desired. To improve efficacy transdermal drug delivery system was emerged. In TDDS the drug easily penetrates into the skin and easily reaches the target site. To get around the problems with medicine delivery via oral route, transdermal drug delivery systems were developed. These systems have been utilized as secure and reliable drug delivery systems since 1981.
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Langer, R. "DRUG DELIVERY: Drugs on Target". Science 293, nr 5527 (6.07.2001): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1063273.
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Metera, A., E. Dluska, A. Markowska-Radomska,, B. Tudek, T. Fraczyk i K. Kosicki. "Functionalized Multiple Emulsions as Platforms for Targeted Drug Delivery". International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 8, nr 5 (październik 2017): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.5.675.
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Assani, Kaivon, Amy Neidhard-Doll i Tarun Goswami. "Mechanical properties of nanoparticles in the drug delivery kinetics". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Research 4, nr 1 (2022): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/jpbr.2022.01.002.
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Nanoparticle formulation is a recently developed drug delivery technology with enhanced targeting potential. Nanoparticles encapsulate the drug of choice and delivers it to the target via a targeting molecules (ex. antigen) located on the nanoparticle surface. Nanoparticles can even be targeted to deeply penetrating tissue and can be modeled to deliver drugs through the blood brain barrier. These advancements are providing better disease targeting such as to cancer and Alzheimer’s. Various polymers can be manufactured into nanoparticles. The polymers examined in this paper are polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and poly(glycolic acid) (PGA). The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanical properties of these polymers to establish drug delivery trends and model pharmacokinetics and biotransport. We found that, in general, as the melting point, elastic modulus and tensile strength increases, the degradation rate also increases. PLA composite material may be an ideal polymer for drug delivery due to its good control of degradation.
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Pandey, Parijat, Manisha Saini i Neeta . "Mucoadhesive drug delivery system: an overview". Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations 4, nr 4 (1.08.2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.29.
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The major objective of any dosage form is to deliver an optimum therapeutic amount of active agent to the proper site in the body to attain constant & maintenance of the desired drug concentration. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are effective delivery systems with various advantages as compared to other oral controlled release dosage forms in terms of drug delivery at specific sites with prolonged retention time of drugs at target sites. The main advantage of these systems includes avoiding first pass metabolism of the drugs and hence availability of high drug concentration at target site. Oral mucoadhesive systems have potential ability for controlled and extended release profile so as to get better performance and patient compliance. The present manuscript briefly reviews the benefits of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion, different factors affecting mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Islam, Nazrul, i Derek Richard. "Inhaled Micro/Nanoparticulate Anticancer Drug Formulations: An Emerging Targeted Drug Delivery Strategy for Lung Cancers". Current Cancer Drug Targets 19, nr 3 (14.02.2019): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009618666180525083451.
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Local delivery of drug to the target organ via inhalation offers enormous benefits in the management of many diseases. Lung cancer is the most common of all cancers and it is the leading cause of death worldwide. Currently available treatment systems (intravenous or oral drug delivery) are not efficient in accumulating the delivered drug into the target tumor cells and are usually associated with various systemic and dose-related adverse effects. The pulmonary drug delivery technology would enable preferential accumulation of drug within the cancer cell and thus be superior to intravenous and oral delivery in reducing cancer cell proliferation and minimising the systemic adverse effects. Site-specific drug delivery via inhalation for the treatment of lung cancer is both feasible and efficient. The inhaled drug delivery system is non-invasive, produces high bioavailability at a low dose and avoids first pass metabolism of the delivered drug. Various anticancer drugs including chemotherapeutics, proteins and genes have been investigated for inhalation in lung cancers with significant outcomes. Pulmonary delivery of drugs from dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation is stable and has high patient compliance. Herein, we report the potential of pulmonary drug delivery from dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations inhibiting lung cancer cell proliferation at very low dose with reduced unwanted adverse effects.
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Tony, Sara M., i Mohamed EA Abdelrahim. "Inhalation Devices and Pulmonary Drug Delivery". Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 6, nr 3 (12.05.2022): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcnr.v6i3.3908.
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Inhaled drug delivery is mainly used to treat pulmonary airway disorders by transporting the drug directly to its targeted location for action. This decreases the dose required to exert a therapeutic effect and minimizes any potential adverse effects. Direct drug delivery to air passages facilitates a faster onset of action; it also minimizes irritation to the stomach, which frequently occurs with oral medications, and prevents the exposure of drugs to pre-systemic metabolism that takes place in the intestine and liver. In addition to that, the lung is regarded as a route for transporting medications throughout the entire body’s blood circulation. The type of medication and the device used to deliver it are both important elements in carrying the drug to its target in the lungs. Different types of inhalation methods are used in inhaled delivery. They differ in the dose delivered, inhalation technique, and other factors. This paper will discuss these factors in more detail.
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Anitha, P., J. Bhargavi, G. Sravani, B. Aruna i Ramkanth S. "RECENT PROGRESS OF DENDRIMERS IN DRUG DELIVERY FOR CANCER THERAPY". International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, nr 5 (8.09.2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.27075.
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With the recent advances of nanotechnology, dendrimers are emerging as a highly attractive class of drug delivery vectors for cancer therapy. Dendrimers are multifunctional smart Nanocarriers to deliver one or more therapeutic agent safely and selectively to cancer cells. The high level of control over the synthesis of dendritic architecture makes dendrimers a nearly perfect (spherical) nanocarrier for site-specific drug delivery. The presence of functional groups in the dendrimers exterior also permits the addition of other moieties that can actively target certain diseases which are now widely used as tumor targeting strategies. Drug encapsulation, solubilization and passive targeting also equally contribute to the therapeutic use of dendrimers. Dendrimers are ideal carrier vehicles on cytotoxicity, blood plasma retention time, biodistribution and tumor uptake. In this review we highlight the advantages of dendrimers over conventional chemotherapy, toxicity and its management, following anti-cancer drugs delivered by using dendrimers and recent advances in drug delivery by various types of dendrimers as well as its diagnostic applications.
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Raj, Hans, Shagun Sharma, Ankita Sharma, Kapil Kumar Verma i Amit Chaudhary. "A Novel Drug Delivery System: Review on Microspheres". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, nr 2-S (15.04.2021): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2-s.4792.
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Microspheres are multiparticulate drug delivery systems that are designed to deliver drugs to a particular location at a fixed rate. Microspheres are free-flowing powders made up of biodegradable proteins or synthetic polymers with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 1000µm. Benefits of the use of microspheres in fields such as drug delivery, bone tissue manufacturing, and the absorption and desorption of contaminants by regeneration. The study shows the method of planning and measurement of microsphere parameters. Microspheres are complex, such as bioadhesive microspheres, polymeric microspheres, magnetic microspheres, floating microspheres, radioactive microspheres. Microspheres may be used in various fields such as cosmetics, oral drug delivery, target drug delivery, ophthalmic drug delivery, gene delivery, and others listed in the study. In order to achieve optimal therapeutic effectiveness, it is important to deliver the agent to the target tissue at an optimum level within the right timeframe, resulting in little toxicity and minimal side effects. There are different approaches to supplying the medicinal drug to the target site in a continuous managed manner. One such strategy is the use of microspheres as drug carriers. In this article, the value of the microsphere is seen as a novel drug delivery carrier to achieve site-specific drug delivery was discussed.
Keywords: microspheres, method of preparations, polymer, bioadhesion, types of microspheres
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Lademann, J., F. Knorr, H. Richter, S. Jung, M. C. Meinke, E. Rühl, U. Alexiev, M. Calderon i A. Patzelt. "Hair follicles as a target structure for nanoparticles". Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 08, nr 04 (lipiec 2015): 1530004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545815300049.
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For at least two decades, nanoparticles have been investigated for their capability to deliver topically applied substances through the skin barrier. Based on findings that nanoparticles are highly suitable for penetrating the blood–brain barrier, their use for drug delivery through the skin has become a topic of intense research. In spite of the research efforts by academia and industry, a commercial product permitting the nanoparticle-assisted delivery of topically applied drugs has not yet been developed. However, nanoparticles of approximately 600 nm in diameter have been shown to penetrate efficiently into the hair follicles, where they can be stored for several days. The successful loading of nanoparticles with drugs and their triggered release inside the hair follicle may present an ideal method for localized drug delivery. Depending on the particle size, such a method would permit targeting specific structures in the hair follicles such as stem cells or immune cells or blood vessels found in the vicinity of the hair follicles.
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Chahar, Rajeev Kumar, Chanchal Tiwari, Princy Malik i PANKAJ KUMAR JAISWAL. "Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery System: A Novel Approach". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, nr 6 (15.11.2022): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i6.5776.
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A targeted drug delivery system is based on a technique that continuously administers a predetermined dosage of a therapeutic agent to a sick location of the body. The targeted drug delivery goal is to raise the relative amount of the treatment in the target tissues while lowering it in the non-target tissues. This technique's intrinsic benefit has been reduced drug dose and adverse effects. Drug targeting in the brain is one of the most challenging issues in pharmaceutical research because the blood-brain barrier acts as an impermeable barrier for systemically delivered therapeutics and the brain extracellular matrix contributes to the poor distribution of locally delivered drugs. In the treatment of various Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, general approaches that can improve drug delivery to the brain are of great interest. Drugs are less harmful and more effective when they are administered close to where they would be most effective. Extreme research studies have recently concentrated on the development of fresh strategies for more successfully delivering medications to the brain in response to the shortcomings of the traditional delivery mechanism. This study thoroughly explains the obstacles involved in brain-targeted drug delivery, the process of drug transfer through Blood Brain Barrier, different techniques for brain-targeted drug delivery, and some recent breakthroughs in brain-targeted drug delivery.
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, Brain-targeted, Cerebrospinal fluid, Nanoparticles, Liposomes, Convection-enhanced drug delivery.
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Di Stefano, Antonio. "Nanotechnology in Targeted Drug Delivery". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 9 (3.05.2023): 8194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098194.
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The use of large sized materials in drug delivery raises several challenges, including in vivo stability, poor bioavailability/solubility/absorption, and issues with target-specific delivery, in addition to the side effects of the delivered drugs [...]
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Lamsam, Layton, Eli Johnson, Ian D. Connolly, Max Wintermark i Melanie Hayden Gephart. "A review of potential applications of MR-guided focused ultrasound for targeting brain tumor therapy". Neurosurgical Focus 44, nr 2 (luty 2018): E10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.11.focus17620.
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Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has been used extensively to ablate brain tissue in movement disorders, such as essential tremor. At a lower energy, MRgFUS can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to allow passage of drugs. This focal disruption of the BBB can target systemic medications to specific portions of the brain, such as for brain tumors. Current methods to bypass the BBB are invasive, as the BBB is relatively impermeable to systemically delivered antineoplastic agents. Multiple healthy and brain tumor animal models have suggested that MRgFUS disrupts the BBB and focally increases the concentration of systemically delivered antitumor chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. In animal tumor models, combining MRgFUS with systemic drug delivery increases median survival times and delays tumor progression. Liposomes, modified microbubbles, and magnetic nanoparticles, combined with MRgFUS, more effectively deliver chemotherapy to brain tumors. MRgFUS has great potential to enhance brain tumor drug delivery, while limiting treatment toxicity to the healthy brain.
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Haranath, Chinthaginjala. "Recent advances in lipid based nanovesicles for transdermal drug delivery". Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, nr 6 (31.12.2022): 5375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i6.4273.
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Lipid based nanovesicles are the formulations which are used for the delivery of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs or compounds. They are very helpful for the drugs which are hydrophilic and irritant drugs that can be encapsulated and delivered to the target site. They are very advantageous over conventional formulations. Lipid based nanovesicular systems will efficaciously help the drugs addressing the issues of solubility and penetration thereby promotes bioavailability. Now a days lipid based nanovesicles for transdermal delivery of drug has become very useful especially for hydrophilic drugs. The use of the nanovesicles for transdermal drug delivery will overcome the drawbacks associated with the route of drug delivery, such as oral and parenteral. Lipid based nanocarriers includes liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, niosomes, ufasomes, spinghosomes, pharmacosomes etc., This review article describes the types, formulation methods, evaluation and the research works done on lipid based nanovesicles for transdermal delivery of the drug.
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EZEGBE, CHEKWUBE, Ogechukwu Umeh i Sabinus Ofoefule. "Drug Carriers". Journal of Current Biomedical Research 2, nr 1 (28.02.2022): 77–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/jcbr.v2i1.3.
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In recent years, there has been an exponential interest in the development of novel drug delivery systems using drug carriers. Drug carriers offer significant advantages over the conventional drug delivery systems in terms of high stability, high specificity, high drug loading capacity, controlled release of drug and ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. As a result of their unique behaviors, drug carriers have a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. Nanospheres are associated with a lot of benefits such as ease of administration to target sites, reduction in toxicity level and ease of passage via the capillary vessels. Hydrogel nanoparticles are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as bioresponsive hydrogels in drug delivery system and as a carrier in controlled drug delivery system. Carbon nanotubes have a large surface area which has the ability to adsorb or conjugate with a wide variety of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. They are useful in the areas of gene delivery, tissue regeneration and biosensor diagnosis. Liposomes are known to target a drug to a specific site. They entrap drugs which are released for subsequent absorption. They are used to achieve active targeting, increase efficacy and therapeutic index of drugs. Niosomes improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. They protect drugs from biological environment, increase the stability of entrapped drugs and they can easily reach the site of action. Aquasomes are nanoparticulate carriers that can be characterized for structural analysis. They preserve conformational integrity and biochemical stability of drugs. Ethosomes are noninvasive delivery carriers that enable drugs to reach the deep skin layers and the systemic circulation. They contain phospholipids which could be in form of phosphatidyl choline (PC), hydrogenated PC, phosphatidic acid (PA), Phosphatidyl serine (PS) and phosphatidyl inositol (PI). Ethosomes are known to increase skin permeation of drugs, improve biological activity and pharmacodynamics profile of drugs. This review aims to emphasize the importance of drug carriers in drug delivery system, and applications of drug carriers in various areas of research, technology and treatment.
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Madkhali, Osama A. "Perspectives and Prospective on Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems". Molecules 27, nr 5 (24.02.2022): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051543.
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Combating multiple drug resistance necessitates the delivery of drug molecules at the cellular level. Novel drug delivery formulations have made it possible to improve the therapeutic effects of drugs and have opened up new possibilities for research. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), a class of colloidal drug carriers made of lipids, have emerged as potentially effective drug delivery systems. The use of SLNs is associated with numerous advantages such as low toxicity, high bioavailability of drugs, versatility in the incorporation of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, and the potential for production of large quantities of the carrier systems. The SLNs and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are the two most frequently used types of nanoparticles. These types of nanoparticles can be adjusted to deliver medications in specific dosages to specific tissues, while minimizing leakage and binding to non-target tissues.
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Suluvoy, Jagadish Kumar, P. Levin Anbu Gomez, T. Jesse Joel, Neha Toppo, Dhanu P. Karthikeyan i Ritu Shepherd. "Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents and Drug Delivery Systems - A Review". Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, nr 4 (24.11.2021): 1809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.4.67.
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The world is facing major issues related to antibiotic resistance, specific drugs targeting and its side effects. Such obstacles can be rectified by nanotechnology as they have essential characteristics with smaller size, target specificity, easy deliverable with lesser side effects. The prime nature of the nanoparticles are, it can probe into the cell wall of the pathogenic microbes and even have the capacity to intrude into cellular pathways. Nanoparticles themselves are capable of destroying unwanted foreign particles or toxic cells, which enter into our bodies. Nanoparticles can be treated as carriers, in which they combine with specific drugs and deliver to target specific cells with lesser side effects. Nanoparticles are used as a drug delivery agent for various kinds of diseases related to cancer. Nanoparticles with drugs increase the antibiotic release at the different target sites and these nanoparticles have a great tendency to deliver a large number of drugs to a cell. In this current review, we discuss the bright future of NPs as drug delivery agents as it can overcome all conventional problems.
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Han, Yohan, Timothy W. Jones, Saugata Dutta, Yin Zhu, Xiaoyun Wang, S. Priya Narayanan, Susan C. Fagan i Duo Zhang. "Overview and Update on Methods for Cargo Loading into Extracellular Vesicles". Processes 9, nr 2 (15.02.2021): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020356.
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The enormous library of pharmaceutical compounds presents endless research avenues. However, several factors limit the therapeutic potential of these drugs, such as drug resistance, stability, off-target toxicity, and inadequate delivery to the site of action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles and are naturally released from cells. Growing evidence shows that EVs have great potential to serve as effective drug carriers. Since EVs can not only transfer biological information, but also effectively deliver hydrophobic drugs into cells, the application of EVs as a novel drug delivery system has attracted considerable scientific interest. Recently, EVs loaded with siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, proteins, or therapeutic drugs show improved delivery efficiency and drug effect. In this review, we summarize the methods used for the cargo loading into EVs, including siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, proteins, and therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, we also include the recent advance in engineered EVs for drug delivery. Finally, both advantages and challenges of EVs as a new drug delivery system are discussed. Here, we encourage researchers to further develop convenient and reliable loading methods for the potential clinical applications of EVs as drug carriers in the future.
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Gupta, Brahma Prakash, Navneet Thakur, Nishi P. Jain, Jitendra Banweer i Surendra Jain. "Osmotically Controlled Drug Delivery System with Associated Drugs". Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, nr 4 (20.11.2010): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j38w25.
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Conventional drug delivery systems have slight control over their drug release and almost no control over the effective concentration at the target site. This kind of dosing pattern may result in constantly changing, unpredictable plasma concentrations. Drugs can be delivered in a controlled pattern over a long period of time by the controlled or modified release drug delivery systems. They include dosage forms for oral and transdermal administration as well as injectable and implantable systems. For most of drugs, oral route remains as the most acceptable route of administration. Certain molecules may have low oral bioavailability because of solubility or permeability limitations. Development of an extended release dosage form also requires reasonable absorption throughout the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Among the available techniques to improve the bioavailability of these drugs fabrication of osmotic drug delivery system is the most appropriate one. Osmotic drug delivery systems release the drug with the zero order kinetics which does not depend on the initial concentration and the physiological factors of GIT. This review brings out new technologies, fabrication and recent clinical research in osmotic drug delivery.
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Raikov, A. O., A. Hashem i M. A. Baryshnikova. "Liposomes as target delivery of antitumor drugs". Russian Journal of Biotherapy 15, nr 2 (30.06.2016): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2016-15-2-90-96.
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Target delivery of antitumor drugs to cancer cells seems to be the very promising way of cancer therapy. The study on the application of immunoliposomes as nanocontainers for anticancer drugs started in the 90-ies. Immunoliposomal drug formulations of antitumor preparations have some advantages over traditional forms of drugs: lipid capsule reduces toxicity of drug due to the selective delivery to tumor and improves its bioavailability. However, despite these benefits, at present immunoliposomal drugs application is limited in the clinic. This review discusses current research status in field of development immunoliposomes and the possible targets for anticancer immuno-liposomes.
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Kuriyama, Naoya, Yusuke Yoshioka, Shinsuke Kikuchi, Akihiko Okamura, Nobuyoshi Azuma i Takahiro Ochiya. "Challenges for the Development of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Nucleic Acid Medicines". Cancers 13, nr 23 (6.12.2021): 6137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236137.
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Nucleic acid drugs, such as siRNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, and miRNAs, exert their therapeutic effects by causing genetic changes in cells. However, there are various limitations in their delivery to target organs and cells, making their application to cancer treatment difficult. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles that are released from most cells, are stable in the blood, and have low immunogenicity. Methods using EVs to deliver nucleic acid drugs to target organs are rapidly being developed that take advantage of these properties. There are two main methods for loading nucleic acid drugs into EVs. One is to genetically engineer the parent cell and load the target gene into the EV, and the other is to isolate EVs and then load them with the nucleic acid drug. Target organ delivery methods include passive targeting using the enhanced permeation and retention effect of EVs and active targeting in which EVs are modified with antibodies, peptides, or aptamers to enhance their accumulation in tumors. In this review, we summarize the advantages of EVs as a drug delivery system for nucleic acid drugs, the methods of loading nucleic acid drugs into EVs, and the targeting of EVs to target organs.
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Garg, Yogesh, Deepak N. Kapoor, Abhishek K. Sharma i Amit Bhatia. "Drug Delivery Systems and Strategies to Overcome the Barriers of Brain". Current Pharmaceutical Design 28, nr 8 (marzec 2022): 619–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612828666211222163025.
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Abstract: The transport of drugs to the central nervous system is the most challenging task for conventional drug delivery systems. The reduced permeability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier is a major hurdle in delivering drugs to the brain. Hence, various strategies for improving drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier are being explored. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer several advantages, including high chemical and biological stability, suitability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and can be administered through different routes. Furthermore, the conjugation of suitable ligands with these carriers tends to potentiate targeting to the endothelium of the brain and could facilitate the internalization of drugs through endocytosis. Further, the intranasal route has also shown potential, as a promising alternate route, for the delivery of drugs to the brain. This can deliver the drugs directly to the brain through the olfactory pathway. In recent years, several advancements have been made to target and overcome the barriers of the brain. This article deals with a detailed overview of the diverse strategies and delivery systems to overcome the barriers of the brain for effective delivery of drugs.
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Jia, Fuhao, Yanbing Gao i Hai Wang. "Recent Advances in Drug Delivery System Fabricated by Microfluidics for Disease Therapy". Bioengineering 9, nr 11 (29.10.2022): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9110625.
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Traditional drug therapy faces challenges such as drug distribution throughout the body, rapid degradation and excretion, and extensive adverse reactions. In contrast, micro/nanoparticles can controllably deliver drugs to target sites to improve drug efficacy. Unlike traditional large-scale synthetic systems, microfluidics allows manipulation of fluids at the microscale and shows great potential in drug delivery and precision medicine. Well-designed microfluidic devices have been used to fabricate multifunctional drug carriers using stimuli-responsive materials. In this review, we first introduce the selection of materials and processing techniques for microfluidic devices. Then, various well-designed microfluidic chips are shown for the fabrication of multifunctional micro/nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Finally, we describe the interaction of drugs with lymphatic vessels that are neglected in organs-on-chips. Overall, the accelerated development of microfluidics holds great potential for the clinical translation of micro/nanoparticle drug delivery systems for disease treatment.
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Li, Wei, Jing Lin, Tianfu Wang i Peng Huang. "Photo-triggered Drug Delivery Systems for Neuron-related Applications". Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, nr 8 (16.05.2019): 1406–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180622121801.
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The development of materials, chemistry and genetics has created a great number of systems for delivering antibiotics, neuropeptides or other drugs to neurons in neuroscience research, and has also provided important and powerful tools in neuron-related applications. Although these drug delivery systems can facilitate the advancement of neuroscience studies, they still have limited applications due to various drawbacks, such as difficulty in controlling delivery molecules or drugs to the target region, and trouble of releasing them in predictable manners. The combination of optics and drug delivery systems has great potentials to address these issues and deliver molecules or drugs to the nervous system with extraordinary spatiotemporal selectivity triggered by light. In this review, we will introduce the development of photo-triggered drug delivery systems in neuroscience research and their neuron-related applications including regulating neural activities, treating neural diseases and inducing nerve regenerations.
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Salave, Sagar, Dhwani Rana i Derajram Benival. "Peptide Functionalised Nanocarriers for Bone Specific Delivery of PTH (1-34) in Osteoporosis". Current Nanomedicine 11, nr 3 (wrzesień 2021): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2468187312666211220112324.
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: Osteoporosis represents a major public health burden especially considering the aging population worldwide. Treatment modalities for osteoporosis are classified into two categories based on the effect on bone remodelling: anabolic drugs and antiresorptive drugs. Anabolic drugs are preferred as it stimulates new bone formation. Currently, PTH (1-34) is the only peptide-based drug approved as an anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis by both USFDA as well as EMA. However, its non-specific delivery results in prolonged kidney exposure, causing hypercalcemia. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems functionalized by conjugating it with homing moieties, such as peptides, offer an advantage of targeted delivery with reduced off-target effects. Here, we propose an innovative and targeted nanovesicle approach to efficiently deliver PTH (1-34) to the bone surface using peptides as a homing moiety. The proposed innovative delivery approach will augment the specific interaction between the drug and bone surface without producing side effects. This will reduce the off-target effects of PTH (1-34), and at the same time, it will also improve the outcome of anabolic therapy. Therefore, we postulate that the proposed innovative drug delivery approach for PTH (1-34) will establish as a promising therapy for osteoporotic patients, specifically in postmenopausal women who are at greater risk of bone fracture.
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S, Harish, i Bhuvana K. "Niosomes: A novel drug delivery system and its Therapeutic uses". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 9, nr 2 (15.06.2019): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v09i2.8.
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Administration of medications to specific targets with minimal affinity to other organs is a challenge during treatment of disease conditions. Drug-delivery systems which are Target-specific enable the localization of drugs to their site of action. These Targeted drug delivery systems utilize various carriers, such as serum proteins, liposomes, synthetic polymers, and microspheres. Niosomes, are a type of drug delivery system which has a bilayer structure made of non-ionic surfactants. Nio-somes are amphiphilic hence they can encapsulate both lipophilic or lipophobic drugs and increase their bioavailability. This review describes the structure, methods of preparation and applications of niosomes in various diseases. Keyword: Niosomes, Drug Delivery, Therapeutic Uses
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Shraddha Prashant Dhamapurkar i Deepa Mahendra Desai. "A review on microsphere for novel drug delivery system". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, nr 3 (30.12.2022): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1368.
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Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature and ideally having a particle size less than 200 µm. A well designed controlled drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of conventional therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without untoward effects. Microspheres received much attention not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs at tumor site. In future by combining various other strategies, microspheres will find the central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene and genetic materials, safe, targeted and effective in vivo drug delivery and supplements as miniature versions of diseased organ and tissues in the body.
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Banakar, Morteza, Sedigheh Moayedi, Erfan Shamsoddin, Zahra Vahedi, Mohammad Hasan Banakar, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Dinesh Rokaya i Kamran Bagheri Lankarani. "Chewing Gums as a Drug Delivery Approach for Oral Health". International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (20.06.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9430988.
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Background. Drug delivery approaches with the shortest therapeutic period and the lowest side effects have always been considered a sublime target in the medical sciences. Among many delivery methods, chewing gum could be perceived as a promising drug carrier that can carry several types of drugs for oral health. These drug carriers could represent optimal therapeutic time and lower side effects due to their sustained release capability and lower required thresholds for the drug compared with other delivery approaches. The convenient use in the oral cavity’s local environment and the ability to locally carry multiple drugs are considered the main advantages of this delivery approach. Aim. This review aimed to explore chewing gum as a promising drug carrier that can carry several types of drugs for oral health. Materials and Methods. Articles were searched for on PubMed, ISI, SCOPUS, Google Patents, the Royal Society of Chemistry website, and electronic databases using MESH terms and the following keywords: (“Gum” OR “Chewing gum”) and (“Drug delivery OR Drug delivery systems”) in the English language. No time limit was applied, and all documents as of August 30th, 2020 were retrieved. Results. Gum-drug interactions, mechanisms of release, and formulations of the drugs might all play a role in this versatile delivery method. Accordingly, chewing gum-based carriers may be presented as a plausible candidate for drug delivery in oral diseases. Conclusion. Gum-driven drugs could be introduced as promising candidates for treating oral diseases due to their ability to deliver the proper local dosages of active ingredients, short contact time, biocompatibility, and biodegradable chemical structures.
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Hafsa P V i Vidya Viswanad. "Pulmonary drug delivery-Determining attributes". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, nr 3 (21.07.2020): 3819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2556.
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Pulmonary diseases are one of the significant conditions and influence the lifestyle for a majority of the population in today’s world. From ancient times, inhalational drug delivery is being utilised to target the lungs for the management and treatment of pulmonary diseases with reduced side effects. Factors like the physiology of the respiratory system, selection of devices, particle characteristics, and formulation characteristics affect the efficiency of inhalational drug delivery. The precise usage of the inhaler device is indispensable for the efficient delivery of drugs. The characteristic particle impacts the region of drug deposition and in turn influences drug dissolution. Drug dissolution is also affected by the physiological aspect of the respiratory tract, which is concerned primarily in disease states. Formulation type and characteristics decide the release mechanism and influences the inhalational pattern. Liposomes, nanoparticles, microparticles, micelles, dendrimers, etc. can be utilised for passive and active targeting of drugs to the lungs. Inhalational drug delivery can be harnessed to deliver therapeutic agents to systemic circulation for diseases apart from pulmonary diseases. The inhalational drug delivery techniques and devices are being continuously researched upon and reworked to acquire better drug loading with minor loss during drug delivery. The review focuses on the significance and factors associated with pulmonary drug delivery.
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Trineeva, O. V., A. J. Halahakoon i A. I. Slivkin. "CELL CARRIERS AS SYSTEMS OF DELIVERY OF ANTITUMOR DRUGS (REVIEW)". Drug development & registration 8, nr 1 (14.02.2019): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2019-8-1-43-57.
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Introduction. Drug delivery systems are defined as systems that deliver the optimal amount of a drug to a target target, increase the effectiveness of treatment, and reduce adverse effects. Regulation of the rate of release of drugs and bringing to specific tissues where active ingredients are needed are the main objectives of drug delivery systems. The development of systems for targeted, organ-specific and controlled delivery of medicinal, prophylactic and diagnostic agents is currently a relevant area of research for pharmacy and medicine. Of particular interest is the actual problem of increasing the frequency of manifestations of side effects of drugs. The side effect of drugs, their low efficiency is often explained by the inaccessibility of drugs directly to the target. Text. Currently, targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and drug delivery systems has completely changed the tactics and approaches in the drug treatment of cancer, allowing to reduce the side effects of the drug and generally increase the effectiveness of the course of treatment. This paper summarizes and systematizes information about targeted systems for drug delivery of antitumor activity, described in the scientific literature and used in pharmacy and medicine. Most of the methods for obtaining cellular forms of toxic drugs discussed in this review are still at the development stage, and some methods are gradually finding practical application abroad in medicine and other fields. Vincristine (VCR) and vinblastine (VBL) are the most widely used and effective drugs in chemotherapeutic practice. Despite their effectiveness against various oncological diseases, there are a number of harmful side effects that limit the widespread use of these drugs. Conclusion. There is the possibility of using cellular carriers as a VCR and VBL delivery system. In scientific publications, there is still no data on the use of cellular carriers for encapsulating VCR and VBL. Therefore, relevant studies are devoted to the possibility of using cellular carriers to reduce side effects, improve efficiency, and develop dosage forms for the delivery of VCR and VBL to pathological foci. This topic is currently being actively developed by members of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Voronezh State University.
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Ramanjooloo, Avin, Raymond J. Andersen i Archana Bhaw-Luximon. "Marine sponge-derived/inspired drugs and their applications in drug delivery systems". Future Medicinal Chemistry 13, nr 5 (marzec 2021): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2020-0123.
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Oceans harbor a vast biodiversity that is not represented in terrestrial habitats. Marine sponges have been the richest source of marine natural products reported to date, and sponge-derived natural products have served as inspiration for the development of several drugs in clinical use. However, many promising sponge-derived drug candidates have been stalled in clinical trials due to lack of efficacy, off-target toxicity, metabolic instability or poor pharmacokinetics. One possible solution to this high clinical failure rate is to design drug delivery systems that deliver drugs in a controlled and specific manner. This review critically analyzes drugs/drug candidates inspired by sponge natural products and the potential use of drug delivery systems as a new strategy to enhance the success rate for translation into clinical use.
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Ma, Zhiyuan, Baicheng Li, Jie Peng i Dan Gao. "Recent Development of Drug Delivery Systems through Microfluidics: From Synthesis to Evaluation". Pharmaceutics 14, nr 2 (17.02.2022): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020434.
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Conventional drug administration usually faces the problems of degradation and rapid excretion when crossing many biological barriers, leading to only a small amount of drugs arriving at pathological sites. Therapeutic drugs delivered by drug delivery systems to the target sites in a controlled manner greatly enhance drug efficacy, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics with minimal side effects. Due to the distinct advantages of microfluidic techniques, microfluidic setups provide a powerful tool for controlled synthesis of drug delivery systems, precisely controlled drug release, and real-time observation of drug delivery to the desired location at the desired rate. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in the preparation of nano drug delivery systems and carrier-free drug delivery microfluidic systems, as well as the construction of in vitro models on-a-chip for drug efficiency evaluation of drug delivery systems. We firstly introduce the synthesis of nano drug delivery systems, including liposomes, polymers, and inorganic compounds, followed by detailed descriptions of the carrier-free drug delivery system, including micro-reservoir and microneedle drug delivery systems. Finally, we discuss in vitro models developed on microfluidic devices for the evaluation of drug delivery systems, such as the blood–brain barrier model, vascular model, small intestine model, and so on. The opportunities and challenges of the applications of microfluidic platforms in drug delivery systems, as well as their clinical applications, are also discussed.
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Bolhassani, Azam. "Target Molecules and Delivery Vehicles for Anti-HIV Drugs In vitro and In vivo". Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, nr 29 (8.12.2018): 3393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180608124549.
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most serious stage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. The combinatorial Anti-Retroviral Therapy (cART) is widely used in suppressing HIV-1 infection and enhancing life span of infected patients to a significant level. However, delivery of therapeutic molecules is still a major challenge in vivo. The studies showed that the anti-HIV drugs delivered via nanocarriers could be selectively accumulated in infected cells accompanied by low side effects. On the other hand, HIV-1 infection kinetics is different in macrophages and T-cells suggesting various effects of antiretroviral drugs against HIV-1 in these target cells. Current anti-HIV therapeutic studies have focused on developing drug delivery systems targeted specifically to HIV-infected host cells. Indeed, the drug targeting can significantly lead to reduce in drug toxicity, drug dose, and increase in treatment efficacy through localizing its pharmacological activity to the site of interest. This review describes development of novel drug targeting systems used in suppressing the transmission and treatment of HIV infections.
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Foster, Thomas, Corina Ionescu, Daniel Walker, Melissa Jones, Susbin Wagle, Božica Kovacevic, Daniel Brown, Momir Mikov, Armin Mooranian i Hani Al-Salami. "Chemotherapy-induced hearing loss: the applications of bio-nanotechnologies and bile acid-based delivery matrices". Therapeutic Delivery 12, nr 10 (październik 2021): 723–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde-2021-0050.
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Advancement in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced hearing loss has proposed new nano-based delivery matrices that can target inner ear regions most damaged by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy agents (e.g., cisplatin) induce increased reactive oxygen species formation in the inner ear that damage sensory hair cells and result in irreversible hearing impairment. Exogenous antioxidants (e.g., Probucol and metformin) have been shown to block the formation of these reactive oxygen species. Delivery of these drugs in effective concentrations remains a challenge. Microencapsulation in combination with drug excipients provides one technique to effectively deliver these drugs. This paper investigates the use of probucol and metformin in combination with drug excipients for novel, inner ear, delivery.
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Bahadur, Shiv, Nidhi Sachan, Ranjit K. Harwansh i Rohitas Deshmukh. "Nanoparticlized System: Promising Approach for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease through Intranasal Delivery". Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, nr 12 (6.05.2020): 1331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200311131658.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain problem and responsible for causing dementia in aged people. AD has become most common neurological disease in the elderly population worldwide and its treatment remains still challengeable. Therefore, there is a need of an efficient drug delivery system which can deliver the drug to the target site. Nasal drug delivery has been used since prehistoric times for the treatment of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). For delivering drug to the brain, blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major rate limiting factor for the drugs. The desired drug concentration could not be achieved through the conventional drug delivery system. Thus, nanocarrier based drug delivery systems are promising for delivering drug to brain. Nasal route is a most convenient for targeting drug to the brain. Several factors and mechanisms need to be considered for an effective delivery of drug to the brain particularly AD. Various nanoparticlized systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, exosomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsion, nanosphere, etc. have been recognized as an effective drug delivery system for the management of AD. These nanocarriers have been proven with improved permeability as well as bioavailability of the anti-Alzheimer’s drugs. Some novel drug delivery systems of anti-Alzheimer drugs are under investigation of different phase of clinical trials. Present article highlights on the nanotechnology based intranasal drug delivery system for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, consequences of AD, transportation mechanism, clinical updates and recent patents on nose to brain delivery for AD have been discussed.
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Kumbhani, Kerul, i Yadavendra Agrawal. "Drug Conjugated Nanomedicine as Prodrug Carrier". Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 11, nr 6 (lipiec 2013): 86–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/22106812112039990001.
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: It is new approach to combine one or multiple drugs onto the same drug-delivery nanocarrier in accurately controllable manner, by covalently preconjugating one or multiple therapeutic agents by covalent bond to form drug conjugates. It provides the advantages of nano size system with the targeted delivery of drug with great precision. The conjugation system allows the modification in the metabolic path way in the blood stream and can target the delivery to the heart, liver or brain. The cleavable covalent bond allows the therapeutic activity of the individual drugs to be resumed after the drug conjugates are delivered into the target site and get separated from the carriers. The characters of drug conjugated system are (a) a covalent bond between drug and carrier moiety, (b) in vitro cleavage of the bond, (c) optimum release of drug at site of action to ensure effectiveness, (d) no alteration in drug action. As a proof of the concept, synthesis and characterization of stearic acid/oleic acid- diminazene conjugates nanoparticles are demonstrated. It is shown that after conjugation with lipid and/or polymer and synthesized to nanoparticles there is significant improvement in cyctotoxicity and targeted controlled delivery of drug than the free drug.
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Kumar, Virender, Nangu Kumar, Manithu Shilsut i Joginder Kumar. "Nanotechnology- based target drug delivery system". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences 10, nr 2 (15.01.2023): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpbs.2022.010.
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A nanotechnology can be described as the process of manipulating, studying, and manufacturing objects with a nanometer dimension. Through site-specific, targeted delivery of medicines, nanotechnology can benefit the treatment of chronic diseases in humans. Recent nanomedicine discoveries have led to the development of numerous outstanding drugs e.g., chemotherapeutics, biologics, immunotherapeutic, etc. The purpose of this chapter is to describe various nanocarriers that can be used to deliver therapeutic molecules.
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Brenner, Jacob S., Raisa Yu Kiseleva, Patrick M. Glassman, Hamideh Parhiz, Colin F. Greineder, Elizabeth D. Hood, Vladimir V. Shuvaev i Vladimir R. Muzykantov. "The new frontiers of the targeted interventions in the pulmonary vasculature: precision and safety (2017 Grover Conference Series)". Pulmonary Circulation 8, nr 1 (20.12.2017): 204589321775232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045893217752329.
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The pulmonary vasculature plays an important role in many lung pathologies, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, primary graft dysfunction of lung transplant, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therapy for these diseases is quite limited, largely due to dose-limiting side effects of numerous drugs that have been trialed or approved. High doses of drugs targeting the pulmonary vasculature are needed due to the lack of specific affinity of therapeutic compounds to the vasculature. To overcome this problem, the field of targeted drug delivery aims to target drugs to the pulmonary endothelial cells, especially those in pathological regions. The field uses a variety of drug delivery systems (DDSs), ranging from nano-scale drug carriers, such as liposomes, to methods of conjugating drugs to affinity moieites, such as antibodies. These DDSs can deliver small molecule drugs, protein therapeutics, and imaging agents. Here we review targeted drug delivery to the pulmonary endothelium for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Cautionary notes are made of the risk–benefit ratio and safety—parameters one should keep in mind when developing a translational therapeutic.
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Malik, Mohit Saini Jitender K. "Novel Drug Delivery System Microsphere: A Review". SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 3, nr 2 (29.04.2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i02.001.
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The concept of targeted drug delivery is designed to attempt to concentrate the drug in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative concentration of the drug in the remaining tissues. As a result, the drug is localized to the targeted site. Therefore, the surrounding tissues are not affected by the drug. Therefore, carrier technology provides an intelligent approach to drug delivery by coupling drugs to carrier particles such as microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, etc., modulating the release and absorption characteristics drug revenue. Microspheres are typically free-flowing powders made of proteins or synthetic polymers that are biodegradable in nature and ideally have a particle size of less than 200 μm. It is a reliable way to deliver drugs to the target site with specificity, if altered, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without side effects. Microspheres have received a great deal of attention not only for sustained release but also for targeting anti-cancer drugs to tumors. In the future, by combining various strategies, microspheres will occupy a central place in the delivery of new drugs, especially in the classification of diseased cells, diagnostics, genes and genetic material, safe, targeted and effective in vivo delivery and supplements in miniature versions of diseased organs and tissues in the body.
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Das, Debaleena, Nivedita Maity i Anuradha H. V. "Nanotechnology: a revolution in targeted drug delivery". International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, nr 12 (23.11.2017): 2766. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175200.
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Targeted drug delivery is a method of delivering medication in a unique way so that the concentration of the drug at the target site is optimized, burden of the drug to other tissues is reduced and toxicity minimized. There are various novel approaches to deliver drugs to the target sites in the form of nanocapsules, nanocrystals, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, nanotubes and monoclonal antibodies. They have the advantages of improved bioavailability, facilitated transport of drugs across difficult barriers to reach the target tissues for a specific action and providing protection to protect the drug against degradation. A number of anticancer drugs like Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel and 5-Fluorouracil have been formulated using nanoparticles. These innovative techniques have helped to overcome the limitations like resistance in the target cells and difficulty in movement across the barriers which are seen in the conventional drug delivery system. Apart from being a therapeutic tool, it also has brought revolution in early diagnosis of diseases and gene transfer. The surge of nanotechnology is now being translated into commercialized products. The future is exciting, and the promises are limitless as the application of nanotechnology in medicine will provide remarkable opportunities and newer perspectives for novel and effective treatment in various diseases.
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Ray, Sudhir Kumar, Nargish Bano, Tripti Shukla, Neeraj Upmanyu, Sharad P. Pandey i Geeta Parkhe. "Noisomes: as novel vesicular drug delivery system". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, nr 6 (15.11.2018): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2029.
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Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various charge inducers which develop a charge on the surface of niosomes and stabilize the prepared formulation by the resulting repulsive forces. Niosomes have been widely evaluated for controlled release and targeted delivery for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, microbial diseases, psoriasis, leishmaniasis, migraine, parkinson and other diseases. Niosomes can prolong the circulation of the entrapped drug in body. Encapsulation of drug in vesicular system can be predicted to prolong the existence of drug in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, perhaps reduce toxicity if selective uptake can be achieved. In addition to conventional, oral and parenteral routes, they are amenable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal and inhalation routes. Delivery of biotechnological products including vaccine delivery with niosomes is also an interesting and promising research area. More concerted research efforts, however, are still required to realize the full potential of these novel systems. This review article focuses on the concept of niosomes, advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, separation of unentrapped drug, factors influencing the niosomal formulation and characterization, marketed formulations of niosomes and also gives up to date information regarding recent applications of niosomes in drug delivery.
Keyword: Drug-delivery system, Niosomes,
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Hu, Chi, Li-li Xu, Jing Jia, Kan Li, Hui Xu i Bin Di. "Pharmaceutical cocrystals prepared with a cucurbit[8]uril framework for intestine-targeted drug delivery". SDRP Journal of Food Science & Technology 4, nr 3 (2019): 696–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jfst.4.3.ra.509.
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Egan, Talmage D., i Richard B. Weiskopf. "Target-Controlled Drug Delivery". Anesthesiology 99, nr 5 (1.11.2003): 1214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200311000-00031.
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Subhan, Md Abdus, i Vladimir P. Torchilin. "Advances in Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer with Antibody-Drug Conjugate". Pharmaceutics 15, nr 4 (14.04.2023): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041242.
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Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a potential and promising therapy for a wide variety of cancers, including breast cancer. ADC-based drugs represent a rapidly growing field of breast cancer therapy. Various ADC drug therapies have progressed over the past decade and have generated diverse opportunities for designing of state-of-the-art ADCs. Clinical progress with ADCs for the targeted therapy of breast cancer have shown promise. Off-target toxicities and drug resistance to ADC-based therapy have hampered effective therapy development due to the intracellular mechanism of action and limited antigen expression on breast tumors. However, innovative non-internalizing ADCs targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) component and extracellular payload delivery mechanisms have led to reduced drug resistance and enhanced ADC effectiveness. Novel ADC drugs may deliver potent cytotoxic agents to breast tumor cells with reduced off-target effects, which may overcome difficulties related to delivery efficiency and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic cancer drugs for breast cancer therapy. This review discusses the development of ADC-based targeted breast cancer therapy and the clinical translation of ADC drugs for breast cancer treatment.
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Ahmed, M. H., T. Naegele, S. Hilton i G. Malliaras. "P07.05.A Implantable electrophoretic devices for local treatment of inoperable brain tumours". Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_2 (1.09.2022): ii40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac174.137.
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Abstract Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumour in adults, with a median overall survival of fewer than 18 months after initial diagnosis. For over five decades, research has been focused on developing new anticancer therapies for GBM, including anti-neoplastic agents, molecular targeted drugs, immunotherapeutic approaches, and angiogenesis inhibiting compounds; however, the prognosis of patients has hardly improved and temozolomide remains the only chemotherapy shown to improve patient survival in randomized clinical trials. A fundamental limitation of the success of chemotherapy in brain cancer therapies is the blood-brain barrier which significantly reduces the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents delivered into a tumour. Material and Methods Therapeutic strategies that control drug release spatially and temporally represent a significant step forward in terms of reducing side effects and improving treatment efficacy and will thus have a significant clinical impact. Electrophoretic drug delivery devices, which use electric fields to enhance drug transport, represent one such strategy. Results Here, we present an implantable device that enables highly spatially selective delivery of charged drug molecules directly into brain tumours. Our device combines a microfluidic system for drug transport with embedded electrodes which enable electrophoretic transport of drug molecules into the target tissue. This allows delivery of chemotherapeutic agents without transport of bulk solvent preventing issues arising from intracranial pressure gradients. We have shown that the device can be implanted safely without any limitation. We have tested the device's capabilities to deliver a wide range of small, medium, and large chemotherapeutic agents without limitations. Currently, we are investigating the delivery of cisplatin in GBM-bearing mice. Conclusion While electrophoretic drug delivery was first described in the early 20th century and has been used since primarily for transdermal drug delivery, we believe that our approach is one of the first times this has been demonstrated for brain cancer therapy.
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Shivanand, Gavimath. "Analytical Review of Aschottana Procedure w.r.t. Ophthalmic Drug Delivery". JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA, YOGA, UNANI, SIDHHA & HOMEOPATHY 9, nr 1&2 (1.06.2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.202201.
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Aschottana is one of the speciality procedures among kriyakalpas in which the herbal medications in the form of liquid are instilled into the conjunctival sac, drop by drop at a distance of 2 angulas is called as Aschottana. Ocular drugs are usually delivered locally to the eye. Required drug loading, release rate, and ocular retention time of drug delivery systems depend on the potency, bioavailability, and clearance of the drug at the target site. The concept of Aschottana is explained in different eye diseases with different combinations of herbs and minerals. This can be used in preventive and therapeutic conditions. Many herbal Aschottana preparations have also been introduced for ocular drug delivery. These novel formulations may help to surpass ocular barriers. Also, these novel devices and/ or formulations possess high precorneal residence time, sustain the drug release, and enhance the ocular bioavailability of therapeutics.
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Chen, Haishu, Jinan Xu, Hanyuan Xu, Tiancheng Luo, Yihao Li, Ke Jiang, Yangping Shentu i Zhiqian Tong. "New Insights into Alzheimer’s Disease: Novel Pathogenesis, Drug Target and Delivery". Pharmaceutics 15, nr 4 (3.04.2023): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041133.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is characterized by senile plaques composed of amyloid β protein (Aβ) and neurofilament tangles derived from the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. However, the developed medicines targeting Aβ and tau have not obtained ideal clinical efficacy, which raises a challenge to the hypothesis that AD is Aβ cascade-induced. A critical problem of AD pathogenesis is which endogenous factor induces Aβ aggregation and tau phosphorylation. Recently, age-associated endogenous formaldehyde has been suggested to be a direct trigger for Aβ- and tau-related pathology. Another key issue is whether or not AD drugs are successfully delivered to the damaged neurons. Both the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and extracellular space (ECS) are the barriers for drug delivery. Unexpectedly, Aβ-related SP deposition in ECS slows down or stops interstitial fluid drainage in AD, which is the direct reason for drug delivery failure. Here, we propose a new pathogenesis and perspectives on the direction of AD drug development and drug delivery: (1) aging-related formaldehyde is a direct trigger for Aβ assembly and tau hyperphosphorylation, and the new target for AD therapy is formaldehyde; (2) nano-packaging and physical therapy may be the promising strategy for increasing BBB permeability and accelerating interstitial fluid drainage.
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Mishra, Nidhi, Narayan Prasad Yadav, Vineet Kumar Rai, Priyam Sinha, Kuldeep Singh Yadav, Sanyog Jain i Sumit Arora. "Efficient Hepatic Delivery of Drugs: Novel Strategies and Their Significance". BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/382184.
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Liver is a vital organ responsible for plethora of functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for the sustenance of life. Therefore, patients with chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma need immediate attention to sustain life and as a result are often exposed to the prolonged treatment with drugs/herbal medications. Lack of site-specific delivery of these medications to the hepatocytes/nonparenchymal cells and adverse effects associated with their off-target interactions limit their continuous use. This calls for the development and fabrication of targeted delivery systems which can deliver the drug payload at the desired site of action for defined period of time. The primary aim of drug targeting is to manipulate the whole body distribution of drugs, that is, to prevent distribution to non-target cells and concomitantly increase the drug concentration at the targeted site. Carrier molecules are designed for their selective cellular uptake, taking advantage of specific receptors or binding sites present on the surface membrane of the target cell. In this review, various aspects of liver targeting of drug molecules and herbal medications have been discussed which elucidate the importance of delivering the drugs/herbal medications at their desired site of action.