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Henderson, Erika N. "Tank management 101". Journal - American Water Works Association 105, nr 7 (lipiec 2013): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0095.
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ZHU, Xufeng. "Think Tank Management System in China". East Asian Policy 09, nr 02 (kwiecień 2017): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930517000198.
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Since 2013, the establishment of “New-Type of Think Tanks with Chinese Characteristics” (NTTTCC) has been highly promoted by the Xi Jinping administration. “The Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of NTTTCC” was approved by the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms in 2014, while the “National Top Think Tank Pilot Programme” was approved by the Central Leading Group in 2015. With these efforts, the comprehensive management architecture for think tanks has been established in China.
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Smith, Anne E., David Cohan i Frank Selker. "A MODEL FOR MANAGING UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, nr 1 (1.04.1987): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-599.
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ABSTRACT The potential costs of underground tank leaks provide companies with a solid incentive to take action to reduce leak risks. However, a cost-effective risk management strategy is difficult to identify when faced with the uncertainties in the occurrence, nature, and timing of costly incidents. A decision support model based on the techniques of decision analysis has been developed to help managers choose the best course of action. The model works by balancing the known costs of preventive and mitigating actions with the uncertain costs of tank leaks. The model uses tank- and site-specific data to help determine how much testing or monitoring to do at each tank site, when to replace tanks, what to do in the future contingent on monitoring results, and what new tank system to install. For each strategy, the model assesses detailed outcomes such as the expected life-cycle cost of the tank system, the expected time for replacing the system, the likelihood of a leak, and the expected costs of leaks. Input data include the reliability of the tank type, its age and its previous testing results, the vulnerability of resources near the tank, and the cost and accuracy of tank-testing technologies. The underground tank management model can be valuable to tank managers. Through sensitivity analysis, it can identify those aspects of the problem that critically determine sound management rules, and the areas for further data gathering that would be most fruitful for decision making. By looking at detailed results, one can investigate the implications of each strategy for different management goals. The model helps one sound out one's own management intuition, and leads to new insights on good management strategies. Initial model results have led to important insights. Leak costs are often a significant fraction of total life-cycle costs. The optimal management policy is thus quite sensitive to the characteristics of the tank site and the type of tank. Hence, a single management strategy applied to all types of tanks and sites may be detrimental to the tank owner's overall costs.
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Kobayashi, Akira, Kiyohito Yamamoto i Takuma Hayashi. "Asset Management of Embankment of Irrigation Tank". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 14, nr 1 (2008): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00004978341.
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Замятин, Н. В., Г. В. Смирнов i В. И. Маковкин. "Tank Farm Situational Management". Успехи кибернетики / Russian Journal of Cybernetics, nr 1(13) (31.03.2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51790/2712-9942-2023-4-1-01.
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добыча сырья и его переработка в готовую продукцию связаны с использованием резервуарных парков. С ростом резервуарного парка возрастают проблемы, обусловленные количественным учетом хранимых веществ и продуктов их переработки, Решение этих проблем невозможно осуществить без разработки эффективных систем управления. Предложен подход к построению системы ситуационного управления резервуарным парком, позволяющий повысить эффективность функционирования технологических процессов за счет своевременного принятия управленческих решений по устранению нештатных ситуаций. Приведен пример перехода от нештатных ситуаций к штатным с использованием нечеткой ситуационной сети и правил перехода. the extraction and processing of raw materials requires the use of tank farms (TF). As the tank farm grows, there are issues with product metering, and an efficient management system is required. We proposed an approach to the development of a tank farm situational management system. The system increases the process efficiency with its prompt management decisions to rectify any emergencies. The paper contains an example of restoring the normal operation with an fuzzy situational network and transition rules.
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Bos, Darren G. "Private assets for public benefit: the challenge of long-term management of domestic rainwater tanks". Blue-Green Systems 3, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.003.
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Abstract This study explored the relationship private landowners have with their domestic rainwater tank and how that relationship influences the reliability of privately operated rainwater tanks for long-term performance and delivery of service. It found that tank owners generally placed a high value on their tank, desired to have them fully operational and made a reasonable effort to keep them functioning. However, the frequency and extent of maintenance action and effort was variable, and in the context of a private residence, rainwater tanks were typically afforded a low relative priority for repair when compared with other residential assets. This low relative priority could be a primary driver for the reported delay between when a fault occurs with the tank and when it is repaired. This ‘repair lag’ means that a portion of domestic rainwater tanks are likely to be non-operational at any one time. When planning a decentralised system for the management of stormwater, redundancies should be included to cover these gaps in service delivery. It is also recommended that programmes that support private landowners to maintain their rainwater tanks are implemented to minimise repair lag.
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Szeląg, Bartosz, Adam Kiczko, Anna Musz-Pomorska, Marcin Widomski, Jacek Zaburko, Grzegorz Łagód, David Stránský i Marek Sokáč. "Advanced Graphical–Analytical Method of Pipe Tank Design Integrated with Sensitivity Analysis for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Urbanized Catchments". Water 13, nr 8 (9.04.2021): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081035.
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Pipe tanks represent important runoff retention elements of urban stormwater systems. They enable us to reduce and retain runoff as well as to mitigate peak flows in the network. Pipe tanks are often taken into account while designing the spatial plan of urban catchment areas. Hence, there is a need to develop a relatively quick and accurate method for pipe tank dimensioning. A graphical–analytical method of designing a pipe tank is presented in the paper. In the assumed methodology, the possibility of employing machine learning for obtaining a more precise error prediction of the proposed pipe tank design method (compared with the tank volume simulations using the storm water management model (SWMM)) are considered. Thus far, this aspect has not been discussed in the literature. In the adopted calculation methodology, sensitivity analysis constitutes an important element, enabling us to assess the influence of the input data assumed for tank design on the dimensions of the outflow devices and the length of the retention chamber.
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G S, Dr Mamatha, i Lakshminarayana V K. "Automatic Controller Service Package for Tank Water Management". International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 7, nr 4 (lipiec 2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2019.7.4.2.
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Liu, Jiayin, Jilun Li i Jing Qin. "Analysis of Influential Factors of Think Tanks in Chinese Universities". Modern Applied Science 14, nr 2 (17.01.2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n2p23.
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Based on the spreading mechanism of think tank influence in social paradigm, this paper constructs an I-RDPS influence factor model to analyze the influence factors of think tank influence in Chinese universities. Taking the think tanks in the “2018 CTTI College Think Tank and" Top 100 College Think Tank Report "” (Guangming Daily,2019,p.16)as the research object, using the CTTI China Think Tank Index and the CNKI Database, and using python to crawl and sample this college think tank official WeChat public account data, to obtain samples Data. Using factor analysis, normal upper percentile method, and multiple regression analysis to quantify the sample data to obtain the coefficient of influence of each indicator on the influence of think tanks in Chinese universities.
By analyzing the results, conducting quantitative and qualitative analysis to check and evaluate the results, and finally to make recommendations for the development of new think tanks in Chinese universities: a strategic guideline based on research results and giving full play to the advantages of distinctive disciplines; using flat modern management; and improving social networks in the evaluation system Weight of influence, attach importance to the construction of new media; build a management information system that meets the needs of college think tanks, and attach importance to resource accumulation.
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Lin, Hui Dan, i Geng Jun Gao. "Study on Transportation Safety Management of Sodium Cyanide". Applied Mechanics and Materials 482 (grudzień 2013): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.482.403.
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As an important raw material of chemical industry, logistics and transportation quantity of sodium cyanide is sharply increased. However, the accidents of sodium cyanide ISO-tank transportation are frequently happened, which caused huge negative impacts on the society and the environment because of its high toxicity. In order to ensure smooth transportation of the hazardous chemicals, we must strive to control the dangerous sources of transportation to eliminate and reduce accidents for the safety and property of the people. On the basis of risk analysis of ISO-tank transport of sodium cyanide, this paper studies the reasons leading to accidents on the point of people, vehicles, ISO-tanks, roads and managements in detail. At last, it focuses on the countermeasures for safety management of sodium cyanide ISO-tank transport on the view of safety assessment in order to provide some guidance for the healthy and sustainable development of this industry. Key words: sodium cyanide;transportation; safety assessment
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Moskalets, S., V. Zhyrnyi, O. Mokrinskyi i A. Rudyk. "EFFECTIVE APPLICATION AND PROSPECTS OF IMPROVEMENT OF ANTI-TANK ROCKET COMPLEX MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS". Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, nr 5 (22.12.2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.5.2020.07.
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Tanks are one of the main means of implementing aggressive plans to capture land territory. To combat tanks and other armored vehicles the projectiles with different types of warheads and anti-tank guided missiles are used. The best means of defeating tanks are anti-tank missile systems (ATMS), which are classified by aiming methods.
The purpose of this work is to review the prospects for development and use of existing ATMS by analyzing the trends of new national and foreign weapons control systems.
Anti-tank missile systems of most advanced world‟s armed forces are, predominantly, second-generation systems with a semi-automatic infrared or laser beam guided systems. Missiles of these systems have a high probability of hitting the target (and penetration of armor) when firing under good visibility conditions. The retrofit of the second- generation systems is being done by increasing the protection against jamming caused to aiming systems due to creating combined infrared and thermal coordinators, improving signal processing methods, and increasing the flight speed of missiles and the reliability of command transmission. The tank engine is a powerful contrasting source of thermal energy.
The main weak links of systems with semi-automatic guidance systems in terms of jamming counteraction are the operator who tracks the target along the missile's flight, and the coordinator of the missile's command aiming that can be “blinded”. Large-scale works on the creation of next generation anti-tank missile systems based on the latest scientific and technological achievements have been considered.
The system‟s operator is one of the weakest links. Careful attitude to the life of every Ukrainian warrior should be a priority, as it is in the modern militaries of the world. This attitude can be ensured by using a reliable missile weapons both natioanl and foreign that would be capable of hitting enemy tanks from a safe distance with a remote control using “fire-and- forget”principle.
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Pomeroy, Kimball, i Mark Marcon. "Reproductive Tissue Storage: Quality Control and Management/Inventory Software". Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 36, nr 05 (wrzesień 2018): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676851.
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AbstractThe recent failure of two liquid nitrogen storage tanks at two separate facilities in the United States has highlighted the need to reexamine our approach to how reproductive laboratories handle the storage of tissue. If we wish to truly understand how we can increase the security and safety of stored reproductive tissue, we really need to understand how often these events (tank failure) occur and what are the ultimate causes of these failures. Are there design flaws in the storage tanks or are these really failures in protocols and following protocols? Unfortunately, because these cases often involve serious litigation, most do not want to or are forbidden to talk about these failures and so we have little data to base recommendations on. Despite the paucity of data, we must come up with protocols and methods to safeguard tissue stored in these tanks. At the same time, we must be careful that we do not introduce potential solutions to these problems that instead of increasing the safety of stored tissue, we exacerbate the problem. Attention should be paid to where tanks are located so that they can be observed throughout the day. Decisions regarding whether tissue will be stored on-site or off-site, whether small- or large-capacity tanks should be used, or whether a patient's specimens should be split among several tanks should not be based on convenience or cost, but on the ability to reduce risks to these precious specimens. Ongoing quality control (QC) must include checking tanks for both visual clues and analyzing evaporation rates of each tank. Finally, each laboratory must have protocols in place that address all the issues involved in maintaining a safe storage system. These protocols must be understood by all those involved in the safeguard of patients' tissue. We may never eliminate all accidents with stored reproductive tissue, but we can reduce the probability of future accidents. In this article, we will discuss how to manage the risks inherent with the storage of reproductive tissue, where to store tissue, how to store them, how to reduce risks through quality control methods, and finally, options available for inventory management.
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Kim, Mikyeong, Gippeum Bak i Mooyoung Han. "Comparing the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two operating rainwater tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios". Water Science and Technology 64, nr 3 (1.08.2011): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.626.
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In this study, the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios were investigated and compared to determine how the internal design features of storage tanks affect water quality. The particle and nutrient parameters of the rainwater, including turbidity, suspended solids, total organic carbon, and total phosphate, were lower in Tank 2, which had a surface-to-volume ratio 7.5 times greater than that of Tank 1. In addition, although the rainwater was collected from the same catchment area, the water in Tank 1 had greater numbers of bacteria, and the bacterial communities in the water differed between the two storage tanks. It appears that the differences in the inside surface structures of the rainwater tanks affected the microbial ecosystems. Increasing the surface-to-volume ratio in rainwater tanks may affect rainwater quality, because this extends the area for biofilm development. Further study of the role of biofilm in rainwater tank is required precisely, and its function needs to be considered in the design and management of rainwater tanks.
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T M, KIRAN KUMARA, SHIV KUMAR, DHARAM RAJ SINGH i KINGSLY IMMANUELRAJ. "Participation in community based tank irrigation system in a rainfed region of India". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, nr 4 (24.04.2018): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i4.79123.
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Tank irrigation is an important source of irrigation in rainfed region and has a less investment structure with few environmental problems. Despite several economic and environmental benefits, the performance of tanks has been poor due to lack of proper management and weak community participation. For effective management, the factors which affect the farmer’s participation need to be assessed. The study was undertaken in Andhra Pradesh and required data was collected through primary survey from farmers in Ananthapur and Chittor district for the agricultural year 2016-17. Principal component analysis and regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. The most important factors affecting farmer’s participation were farmer’s perceptions related to the water management system, tank structure, water accessibility and financial arrangement, explaining 72.8% of farmer’s participation in tank irrigation management. Further, level of farmers’ participation in tank irrigation management depends on increase in the net sown area, an increase in the need of irrigation water and cultivation of high water requirement crops, absence of membership in other organizations and increase in family size.
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Abdulwahid, Maan M., i Noraldeen B. Mohammed Wasel. "Design and Implementation of Water Level Tank Model by using SCADA System". Informatica : Journal of Applied Machines Electrical Electronics Computer Science and Communication Systems 01, nr 01 (1.12.2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47812/ijamecs2010109.
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Recently, SCADA system has been widely deployed in several stations and performing different purposes by connecting it with different hardware components and terminals. As a result, in this paper, it has been designed and proposed a model for water tank level-based detection for the scenarios of station that contains several tanks. The proposed model has shown a significant in performance and enhance the response of the tank management with both cases of tank filling and discharging.
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Wu, Shan, Shi Wen Tang, Simon Thibault, Xin Zhao i Li Zhao. "Comparison and Analysis of the Design Calculation Methods of Septic Tank at Home and Aboard". Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (październik 2011): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.712.
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According to the relevant code standards and specifications for the septic tanks at home and aboard, the design and calculation methods of septic tank in USA, Australia, Ireland and China are compared. The results showed that the design volume in China is obviously less than that of the others, and the main reason lies in the difference in the aspects of the application environment and the management and maintenance of septic tank, and the delay update of codes and standards related to the septic tank design. Furthermore, the undersized volume will lead to the malfunction of septic tank.
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Illingworth, J., L. J. Tong, G. A. Moss i T. D. Pickering. "Upwelling tank for culturing rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosomas". Marine and Freshwater Research 48, nr 8 (1997): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97160.
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A tank system for culturing rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosomas is described. Four tanks, one of which remains empty, are interconnected by ports that allow larvae to be transferred without handling and the vacated tank to be cleaned. Vertical water movement in each tank maintains the larvae in suspension, and the overall design and management allows for feeding with live brine shrimp (Artemia). Mean survival rates of over 60% to Stage VIII have been obtained, but only one puerulus has been reared.
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Matveev, Konstantin I., i Jacob W. Leachman. "The Effect of Liquid Hydrogen Tank Size on Self-Pressurization and Constant-Pressure Venting". Hydrogen 4, nr 3 (19.07.2023): 444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4030030.
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Hydrogen represents a promising renewable fuel, and its broad application can lead to drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Keeping hydrogen in liquid form helps achieve high energy density, but also requires cryogenic conditions for storage as hydrogen evaporates at temperatures of about 20 K, which can lead to a large pressure build-up in the tank. This paper addresses the unsteady thermal modeling of cryogenic tanks with liquid hydrogen. Considering the liquid and vapor phases in the tank as two nodes with averaged properties, a lumped-element method of low computational cost is developed and used for simulating two regimes: self-pressurization (also known as autogenous pressurization, or pressure build-up in the closed tank due to external heat leaks) and constant-pressure venting (when some hydrogen is let out of the tank to maintain pressure at a fixed level). The model compares favorably (within several percent for pressure) to experimental observations for autogenous pressurization in a NASA liquid hydrogen tank. The two processes of interest in this study are numerically investigated in tanks of similar shapes but different sizes ranging from about 2 to 1200 m3. Pressure and temperature growth rates are characterized in closed tanks, where the interfacial mass transfer manifests initial condensation followed by more pronounced evaporation. In tanks where pressure is kept fixed by venting some hydrogen from the vapor domain of the tank, the initial venting rate significantly exceeds evaporation rate, but after a settling period, magnitudes of both rates approach each other and continue evolving at a slower pace. The largest tank demonstrates a six-times-lower pressure rise than the smallest tank over a 100 h period. The relative boil-off losses in continuously vented tanks are found to be approximately proportional to the inverse of the tank diameter, thus generally following simple Galilean scaling with a few percent deviation due to scale effects. The model developed in this work is flexible for analyzing a variety of processes in liquid hydrogen storage systems, raising efficiencies, which is critically important for a future economy based on renewable energy.
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Lee, Hyunyong, Jungho Choi, Inchul Jung, Sangick Lee, Sangdeuk Yoon, Borim Ryu i Hokeun Kang. "Effect of Parameters on Vapor Generation in Ship-to-Ship Liquefied Natural Gas Bunkering". Applied Sciences 10, nr 19 (29.09.2020): 6861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196861.
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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is attracting increasing attention as an alternative fuel in the maritime sector, as it can reduce harmful emissions for compliance with stricter environmental regulations. Owing to this environmental advantage, the number of ships using LNG as a fuel is increasing; thus, the demand for ship-to-ship LNG bunkering is increasing. One of the challenges of ship-to-ship LNG bunkering is boil-off gas (BOG) management, as it is more difficult than normal BOG management. This study analyzed the influences of the parameters on vapor generation, including the temperature difference between the bunker tank and receiving tank, bunkering flow rate, insulation performance, and compositions. A model based on a typical bunkering system was established, and a dynamic simulation was conducted using a commercial process simulator, Aspen HYSYS. The results indicated that as the initial temperature of the receiving tank increased, the amount of vapor return increased proportionally. In addition, increasing the bunkering flow rate decreased the amount of heat entering through the pipes and tanks; however, the heat dissipated by the pump shaft power increased. Different LNG compositions in the bunker tank led to changes in the initial pressure of the bunker tank, influencing the vapor return and vapor generation in the receiving tank. Through a parametric study, it was found that the pressure of the tank is the most important factor in terms of vapor return and vapor generation. As such, a pressure control method was proposed for the tank, so as to reduce vapor generation and vapor return. With pressure control, the total amount of vapor return to the bunker tanks is reduced from 7392 to 3317 kg. The net vapor generation in the receiving tank is reduced by up to 4047 kg and the net vapor generation in the overall system is reduced by 16.2%.
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Sarkar, Sukumar, i Biswajit Ray. "Collective Action and Tragedy of Tank Water". Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 19, nr 2 (10.10.2019): 224–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747919868696.
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Tank irrigation is important in agriculture-dependent developing economies such as India. Since tank water is a common pool resource, managing tanks cost-effectively through collective action (CA) is a challenge. This notion raises the following principal questions on the tank commons: What is the relationship between transaction costs (that is, cost of cooperation) and CA? And what drive the use of tank water for irrigation? For satisfactory answers, we carried out field studies on 127 farmers of seven tank villages in the districts of Bardhaman and West Midnapore in West Bengal, India between September 2015 and May 2017. Interesting findings have emerged from our study. We notice that CAs are inversely correlated with transaction costs in the study sites. Regarding the factors influencing tank water use (WU) we find based on Logit models that CA matters in WU significantly and positively. This impact of CA on WU is also robust irrespective of the model specifications. However, low income households participate more by offering labour than money but unfortunately they seem to have no primary motives for tank reconstruction. Moreover, in communities where tanks are large, local people’s participation more in terms of labour and such participation in reconstruction of the tanks is their primary motive, and also where the institutional arrangements are both formal and informal, people tend to use tank water more. The practical implication is that the absence of Water User Association and hence proper collaborative management coupled with weak nestedness between the village people and the State is one of the major causes of inadequate tank WU, leading to the decline of the tank commons. JEL: Q01, Q25
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Martin, Gary, John Dimopoulos i John Cacic. "Acoustic Emission for Tank Bottom Monitoring". Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (kwiecień 2008): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.499.
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Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is an effective tool for prioritising more conventional non-destructive inspections of above ground tanks, either process or storage vessels. Results obtained from AE monitoring may be assessed against an existing data bank permitting plant management to prioritise maintenance to tanks with high active corrosion rates or leaks. AE results may be used to extend inspection periods of tanks without leaks or active corrosion. This paper covers the theory of AE leak detection and corrosion monitoring including some background research into the difference between AE from corrosion and leaks. It looks at the equipment used and provides a summary of tank test results conducted by ATTAR and other overseas organisations as well as reviewing AE tank inspection economics.
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Martin, Gary. "Acoustic Emission for Tank Bottom Monitoring". Key Engineering Materials 558 (czerwiec 2013): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.558.445.
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Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is an effective tool for prioritising more conventional non-destructive inspections of above ground tanks, either process or storage vessels. Results obtained from AE monitoring may be assessed against an existing data bank permitting plant management to prioritise maintenance to tanks with high active corrosion rates or leaks. AE results may be used to extend inspection periods of tanks without leaks or active corrosion.This paper briefly covers the theory of AE leak detection and corrosion monitoring including some background research into the difference between AE from corrosion and leaks. It looks at the equipment used and provides a summary of tank test results conducted by ATTAR and other overseas organisations as well as reviewing AE tank inspection economics.
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Gupta, Aditya Dinesh, Neeraj Bokde, Dushyat Marathe i Kishore Kulat. "Optimization techniques for leakage management in urban water distribution networks". Water Supply 17, nr 6 (17.04.2017): 1638–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.064.
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Abstract Reduction of leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs) is one of the major concerns for water industries. This paper presents a leakage reduction technique using pressure management by optimizing the water level in storage tanks, along with optimized control and localization of pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) in WDSs. A new mathematical tank and pump simulation algorithm is presented for controlling pressure in WDSs, by optimizing the water storage level in the tank depending upon the demand variations. The tank is used as a decision variable for the leakage reduction model. A modified reference pressure algorithm is introduced for improving PRV localization. A multiobjective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to find the optimized operational control setting of the PRV for leakage minimization. The proposed algorithm leads to a leakage reduction of 26.51% in Anytown WDS and 20.81% in a modified benchmark WDS. This technique leads to an appreciable reduction in leakage rate, with fewer PRVs required, taking into account constraints such as maintaining a lower hydraulic failure index (<0.01), emergency storage, etc. It can be concluded that the proposed novel leakage reduction technique provides a more cost effective and efficient solution for leakage control.
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Felegeanu, Daniel-Catalin, Valentin Nedeff, Radu Cristian i Mircea Horube. "RISK MANAGEMENT FOR AMMONIA TANK FAILURE". Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 13, nr 7 (2014): 1587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.176.
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Makoko, E. W., i E. Wozei. "Assessment of physical conditions and proposed best management practices of domestic storage tanks supplied by a water utility in a rapidly growing city". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, nr 7 (22.04.2022): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i7.2s.
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The physical conditions of domestic storage tanks for customers supplied by a water utility were assessed in Kampala, a rapidly growing City in Uganda. A longitudinal assessment of 372 storage tanks in 6 sampled administrative Wards with a minimum of 6 samples collected from each site in both wet (March-May) and dry (June-August) months of 2017 was carried out. A set of guiding questions were used to establish tank conditions with a YES or NO response and a range of low to critical risk rating. It was revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship (p=0.001) between tank physical conditions and quality of stored water. Two of six Wards in the City had high levels of water contamination related to domestic water storage tanks with poor sanitary conditions and contaminated water with E. coli. The study therefore revealed that the physical conditions and management of domestic water storage tanks have an effect on water quality. This is important information for a water utility as it means that it is not enough to supply safe water if the quality may deteriorate upon storage at the consumer premises. A routine inspection checklist and consumer guidelines for domestic storage tank management are proposed.
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Makoko, E. W., i E. Wozei. "Assessment of physical conditions and proposed best management practices of domestic storage tanks supplied by a water utility in a rapidly growing city". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, nr 7 (22.04.2022): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i7.2s.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The physical conditions of domestic storage tanks for customers supplied by a water utility were assessed in Kampala, a rapidly growing City in Uganda. A longitudinal assessment of 372 storage tanks in 6 sampled administrative Wards with a minimum of 6 samples collected from each site in both wet (March-May) and dry (June-August) months of 2017 was carried out. A set of guiding questions were used to establish tank conditions with a YES or NO response and a range of low to critical risk rating. It was revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship (p=0.001) between tank physical conditions and quality of stored water. Two of six Wards in the City had high levels of water contamination related to domestic water storage tanks with poor sanitary conditions and contaminated water with E. coli. The study therefore revealed that the physical conditions and management of domestic water storage tanks have an effect on water quality. This is important information for a water utility as it means that it is not enough to supply safe water if the quality may deteriorate upon storage at the consumer premises. A routine inspection checklist and consumer guidelines for domestic storage tank management are proposed.
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Okomoda, Victor Tosin, Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu i Gabriel Wase. "Effects of Tank Background Colour on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings". Croatian Journal of Fisheries 75, nr 1 (1.03.2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2017-0002.
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Abstract The performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings reared in white, green, blue, black and red coloured tanks was investigated. Each colour was tested in triplicate 1 m3 tanks with an initial stocking density of 100 fingerlings per tank (1.07 g). Fish were fed a commercial diet at 5% body weight per day for eight weeks. Fish weights were sampled every 2 weeks to adjust feeding rates. Tank colour had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the overall performance of the fingerlings. Rearing in black tanks resulted in a higher daily feed intake (0.44 g) and better growth performance when compared to other tank colours, while the poorest performance was observed in blue and green tanks. Carcass protein and fat content at 8 weeks revealed a trend similar to that observed for growth. Also, serum glucose tests showed higher levels in light background tanks and were thought to be an indication of stress. Survival was not affected by tank colour. It was concluded that dark-coloured tanks such as black or red were better in comparison to light-coloured tanks for the rearing of African catfish fingerlings
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Divya Sravani, Bandi, C. Vishal Reddy i J. Krishna Chaithanya. "Design and Implementation of Level Control Management: Level Manager". ECS Transactions 107, nr 1 (24.04.2022): 13515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13515ecst.
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Water is one of the basic needs of all living beings. Wastage of water is one of the most significant reasons for water shortage around the world. At the household level, overflow of water from the overhead tanks may happen without our knowledge. Hence to prevent this and to save water at least for a certain extent, implementation of an automatic water level manager can be a solution. Significance of the proposed system is that the device can detect the level of water in the overhead tank and according to the level of water, the motor pump is switched on/off automatically by Arduino. Level of water in the sump can also be monitored. The information is sent to the controller for a decision whether water has to be pumped to the overhead tank. Additionally, the system senses continuous flow of water, if present, as possible leakage and issues alarm.
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Ramabrahmam, Koppuravuri, Venkata Reddy Keesara, Raghavan Srinivasan, Deva Pratap i Venkataramana Sridhar. "Flow Simulation and Storage Assessment in an Ungauged Irrigation Tank Cascade System Using the SWAT Model". Sustainability 13, nr 23 (27.11.2021): 13158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313158.
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In the semi-arid regions of South Asia, tank systems are the major source of irrigation. In India, the Telangana state government has initiated the Mission Kakatiya program to rejuvenate irrigation tank systems. Understanding the hydrological processes that supply water to these systems is critical to the success of these types of programs in India. The current study attempted to comprehend the hydrological processes and flow routing in the Salivagu watershed tank cascade system in Telangana. There are a lot of ungauged tank cascade systems in this region. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physically-based model, was used to simulate flow patterns in the Salivagu watershed with and without tank systems. The geospatially extracted area and volume were used for this study provided by WBIS-Bhuvan-NRSC. Additionally, the Katakshapur Tank Cascade System (KTCS) was chosen to analyze the water availability in each tank using the water balance approach. The Salivagu watershed flow simulation without tanks overestimated streamflow. The volume difference in flow between with and without tank was 606 Mm3, 615.9 Mm3, and 1011 Mm3 in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The SWAT simulated volumes of the Ramchandrapur and Dharmaraopalle tanks in KTCS were merely satisfied because the tank size was less than 0.7 km2 and the storage capacity was up to 1 Mm3. Due to tank sizes more than 0.8 km2 and capacities greater than 2 Mm3, the Mallampalli and Katakshapur tank simulation findings were in good agreement with WBIS-Bhuvan-NRSC. This research advances our understanding of the hydrological processes in ungauged cascading tank systems in tropical semi-arid regions.
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Mrzljak, Vedran, Igor Poljak, Mate Kosor i Jelena Čulin. "Bisection Method for the Heavy Fuel Oil Tank Filling Problem at a Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, nr 4 (17.04.2023): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040849.
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The commingling of the two types of heavy fuel oils (fuel remaining in the tanks and fuel loaded) is determined by the company’s guidance and safety management system. Remained heavy fuel oil must be distributed in the heavy fuel oil tanks before bunkering efficiently, in order to obtain maximum bunker loading. This paper proposes the use of the bisection method to calculate the distribution of the remaining fuel in heavy fuel oil tanks on the liquefied natural gas carrier. The use of this method is illustrated by three examples. The first and second examples show that the iterations converge quickly to the solution. It is found that maximum tank filling with fuel commingling is achievable if the bunker intervals satisfy the company policy of 10% as a lower limit of tank filling, and 90% to 100% as an upper limit. The third example illustrates a situation when the proposed mathematical model does not allow maximization of the total tank capacity without risk assessment. The mathematical spectrum of the possible tank filling solution is presented. Despite its limitations, the bisection method is suitable for onboard applications because it is simple and fast, and can be easily programmed.
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Van Meter, Kimberly J., Michael Steiff, Daniel L. McLaughlin i Nandita B. Basu. "The socioecohydrology of rainwater harvesting in India: understanding water storage and release dynamics across spatial scales". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, nr 7 (7.07.2016): 2629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2629-2016.
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Abstract. Rainwater harvesting (RWH), the small-scale collection and storage of runoff for irrigated agriculture, is recognized as a sustainable strategy for ensuring food security, especially in monsoonal landscapes in the developing world. In south India, these strategies have been used for millennia to mitigate problems of water scarcity. However, in the past 100 years many traditional RWH systems have fallen into disrepair due to increasing dependence on groundwater. This dependence has contributed to accelerated decline in groundwater resources, which has in turn led to increased efforts at the state and national levels to revive older RWH systems. Critical to the success of such efforts is an improved understanding of how these ancient systems function in contemporary landscapes with extensive groundwater pumping and shifted climatic regimes. Knowledge is especially lacking regarding the water-exchange dynamics of these RWH tanks at tank and catchment scales, and how these exchanges regulate tank performance and catchment water balances. Here, we use fine-scale, water-level variation to quantify daily fluxes of groundwater, evapotranspiration (ET), and sluice outflows in four tanks over the 2013 northeast monsoon season in a tank cascade that covers a catchment area of 28 km2. At the tank scale, our results indicate that groundwater recharge and irrigation outflows comprise the largest fractions of the tank water budget, with ET accounting for only 13–22 % of the outflows. At the scale of the cascade, we observe a distinct spatial pattern in groundwater-exchange dynamics, with the frequency and magnitude of groundwater inflows increasing down the cascade of tanks. The significant magnitude of return flows along the tank cascade leads to the most downgradient tank in the cascade having an outflow-to-capacity ratio greater than 2. At the catchment scale, the presence of tanks in the landscape dramatically alters the catchment water balance, with runoff decreasing by nearly 75 %, and recharge increasing by more than 40 %. Finally, while water from the tanks directly satisfies ∼ 40 % of the crop water requirement across the northeast monsoon season via surface water irrigation, a large fraction of the tank water is "wasted", and more efficient management of sluice outflows could lead to tanks meeting a higher fraction of crop water requirements.
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Van Meter, K. J., N. B. Basu, D. L. McLaughlin i M. Steiff. "The socio-ecohydrology of rainwater harvesting in India: understanding water storage and release dynamics at tank and catchment scales". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, nr 11 (20.11.2015): 12121–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-12121-2015.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. Rainwater harvesting (RWH), the small-scale collection and storage of runoff for irrigated agriculture, is recognized as a sustainable strategy for ensuring food security, especially in monsoonal landscapes in the developing world. In south India, these strategies have been used for millennia to mitigate problems of water scarcity. However, in the past 100 years many traditional RWH systems have fallen into disrepair due to increasing dependence on groundwater. This dependence has contributed to an accelerated decline in groundwater resources, which has in turn led to increased efforts at the state and national levels to revive older RWH systems. Critical to the success of such efforts is an improved understanding of how these ancient systems function in contemporary landscapes with extensive groundwater pumping and shifted climatic regimes. Knowledge is especially lacking regarding the water-exchange dynamics of these RWH "tanks" at tank and catchment scales, and how these exchanges regulate tank performance and catchment water balances. Here, we use fine-scale water-level variation to quantify daily fluxes of groundwater, evapotranspiration (ET), and sluice outflows in four tanks over the 2013 northeast monsoon season in a tank cascade that covers a catchment area of 28 km2. At the tank scale, our results indicate that groundwater recharge and irrigation outflows comprise the largest fractions of the tank water budget, with ET accounting for only 13–22 % of the outflows. At the scale of the cascade, we observe a distinct spatial pattern in groundwater-exchange dynamics, with the frequency and magnitude of groundwater inflows increasing down the cascade of tanks. The significant magnitude of return flows along the tank cascade leads to the most downgradient tank in the cascade having an outflow-to capacity ratio greater than 2. The presence of tanks in the landscape dramatically alters the catchment water balance, with runoff decreasing by nearly 75 %, and recharge increasing by more than 40 %. Finally, while water from the tanks directly satisfies ~40 % of the crop water requirement across the northeast monsoon season via surface water irrigation, a large fraction of the tank water is "wasted," and more efficient management of sluice outflows could lead to tanks meeting a higher fraction of crop water requirements.
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Mahmoudi-Rad, Mohammad, i Mohammad Najafzadeh. "Effects of Surge Tank Geometry on the Water Hammer Phenomenon: Numerical Investigation". Sustainability 15, nr 3 (27.01.2023): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032312.
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A surge tank, as one of the most common control facilities, is applied to control head pressure levels in long pressurized pipelines during the water hammer occurrence. The cost-effective operation of surge tanks is highly affected by their characteristics (i.e., surge tank diameter and inlet diameter of surge tanks) and can effectively reduce the repercussion of water hammers. This investigation utilized the method of characteristics (MOC) in order to simulate the behavior of transient flow at the surge tank upstream and the head pressure fluctuations regime for the hydraulic system of a hydropower dam. Firstly, the MOC model was validated by experimental observations. The various types of boundary conditions (i.e., sure tank, reservoir, branch connection of three pipes, series pipes, and downstream valve) were applied to investigate the simultaneous effects of the surge tank properties. In this way, all the simulations of water hammer equations were conducted for nine various combinations of surge tank diameter (D) and inlet diameter of surge tank (d). The results of this study indicated that for the surge tank design with D = 6 m and d = 3.4 m, head pressure fluctuations reached the minimum level in the large section of the pipeline which is the surge tank upstream. Additionally, the occurrence of the water hammer phenomenon was probable in the initial section of the pipeline.
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Lázár, Marián, Filip Duda, Ľubomíra Kmeťová, Natália Jasminská i Šimon Hudák. "Design and calculation of heat transfer of the passive cooling modules for low-pressure hydrogen vessels". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, nr 11 (1.11.2021): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss11.3492.
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This paper deals with the issue of improving the temperature management of a metal hydride tank to reduce the energy intensity of cooling. The problem of absorption and adsorption of hydrogen gas in metals, cooling of metal hydride tanks in the process of hydrogen absorption while protecting the current level of development of science and research for this area is analysed. The work also deals with numerical and experimental verification of a prototype metal hydride tank with passive cooling.
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Ramdat, Naven, Zi-Jing Wang, Jung-Chen Huang, Yikun Wang, Azharuddin Chachar, Chuanqi Zhou i Zhiping Wang. "Effects of Enrofloxacin on Nutrient Removal by a Floating Treatment Wetland Planted with Iris pseudacorus: Response and Resilience of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities". Sustainability 14, nr 6 (13.03.2022): 3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063358.
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Constructed wetlands (CWs), including floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), possess great potential for treating excessive nutrients in surface waters, where, however, the ubiquitous presence of antibiotics, e.g., enrofloxacin (ENR), is threatening the performance of CWs. In developing a more efficient and resilient system, we explored the responses of the FTW to ENR, using tank 1, repeatedly exposed to ENR, and tank 2 as control. Plant growth and nutrient uptake were remarkably enhanced in tank 1, and similar phosphorus removal rates (86~89% of the total added P) were obtained for both tanks over the experimental period. Contrarily, ENR apparently inhibited N removal by tank 1 (35.1%), compared to 40.4% for tank 2. As ENR rapidly decreased by an average of 71.6% within a week after each addition, tank 1 took only 4 weeks to adapt and return to a similar state compared to that of tank 2. This might be because of the recovery of microbial communities, particularly denitrifying and antibiotic-resistance genes containing bacteria, such as Actinobacteria, Patescibacteria, Acidovorax and Pseudomonas. After three ENR exposures over six weeks, no significant differences in the nutrient removal and microbial communities were found between both tanks, suggesting the great resilience of the FTW to ENR.
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Narayanamoorthy, A. "Tank irrigation in India: a time series analysis". Water Policy 9, nr 2 (1.04.2007): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.063.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Tanks are one of the important traditional sources of irrigation in India, irrigating nearly three million hectares even today. Though considered to be a low cost source with few environmental problems, the performance of tank irrigation has been poor and has deteriorated over the years. Several studies have analysed the performance of tank irrigation using field survey data, but not many studies seem to have analysed the trends and determinants of tank irrigation covering various states as well as national level data in recent times. In this study, therefore, using time series data from 1950/51 to 1999/2000, an attempt is made (a) to study the growth pattern of tank irrigation across different periods both at the national as well as across states level, (b) to study the nexus between rainfall and area under tank irrigation at a specific state, which has relatively larger area under tank irrigation, (c) to find out the losers and gainers of tank irrigation among different size of farmers, and (d) to suggest policy measures to rejuvenate tank irrigation in India.
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Lu, Kun-Tu, Hon-Kit Lui, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Li-Lian Liu, Lei Yang, Cheng-Di Dong i Chiu-Wen Chen. "Using Onboard-Produced Drinking Water to Achieve Ballast-Free Management". Sustainability 13, nr 14 (8.07.2021): 7648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147648.
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Based on the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (the Ballast Water Management Convention, or BWM Convention) of the International Maritime Organization, from 8 September 2017, all ships must have an approved Ballast Water Management Treatment System (BWTS) to prevent the invasion of alien species through the discharge of ballast. Generally speaking, the need for an approved BWTS is limited to large vessels, as they are too large or too expensive for small vessels to install. This study aims to propose a simple ballast-free approach for small vessels (e.g., tugs, workboats, research vessels) that require ballast to compensate for the weight loss of fuel when sailing. Our approach involves refitting the dedicated ballast tank of these small vessels to be drinking water tanks and filling the tanks with onboard-generated distilled or reverse osmosis water to adjust the stability of the ships. We assessed our approach using three vessels. Two ships using our proposed method were certified by the American Bureau of Shipping as containing no ballast water tank, and not being subject to the BWM Convention. This study provides an environmentally harmless, easy to use, and economical approach for small vessels to comply with the BWM Convention.
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Timmons, Michael B., Steven T. Summerfelt i Brian J. Vinci. "Review of circular tank technology and management". Aquacultural Engineering 18, nr 1 (lipiec 1998): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(98)00023-5.
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Ćirić, G., i G. Gruhn. "Tank Farm Management – Scheduling of Product Movements". Chemical Engineering & Technology 25, nr 2 (luty 2002): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(200202)25:2<189::aid-ceat189>3.0.co;2-l.
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Maruejouls, T., P. Lessard, B. Wipliez, G. Pelletier i P. A. Vanrolleghem. "Characterization of the potential impact of retention tank emptying on wastewater primary treatment: a new element for CSO management". Water Science and Technology 64, nr 9 (1.11.2011): 1898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.763.
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Theoretical studies have shown that discharges from retention tanks could have a negative impact on the WWTP's (Wastewater Treatment Plant) effluent. Characterization of such discharges is necessary to better understand these impacts. This study aims at: (1) characterizing water quality during emptying of a tank; and (2) characterizing the temporal variation of settling velocities of the waters released to the WWTP. Two full-scale sampling campaigns (18 rain events) have been realized in Quebec City and laboratory analyses have shown a wide variability of total suspended solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations in the water released from the tank. Suspended solids seem to settle quickly because they are only found in large amounts during the first 15 min of pumping to the WWTP. These solids are hypothesized to come from the pumping in which solids remained after a previous event. When these solids are evacuated, low TSS containing waters are pumped from the retention tank. A second concentration peak occurs at the end of the emptying period when the tank is cleaned with wash water. Finally, settling velocity studies allowed characterizing combined sewer wastewaters by separating three main fractions of pollutants which correspond to the beginning, middle and end of emptying. In most cases, it is noticed that particle settling velocities increase as the pollutant load increases.
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Baek, Eun Sung, i Kyoshik Park. "Safety Management Plan through Offsite Risk Assessment during Tank Terminal Construction". Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, nr 11 (30.11.2020): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.11.548.
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Objectives : In order to conduct the quantitative risk assessment for hazardous chemical storage facilities at the tank terminal in the port area, the entire risk assessment process was performed in according to the guidances of the Korea Ministry of Environment.Methods : The risk of the facility was derived by the worst-case scenario, alternative scenario, and then evaluated by KORA program. The countermeasures of the risk were suggested by the concept of LOPA.Results and Discussion : Focusing on the worst case scenario and alternative scenario among the scenario having effet to offsite, risk can be reduced to satisfy regulation by applying measures of passive, active, and managerial.Conclusions : According to the result of risk assessment on benzene storage tank and tank lorry when port construction, the amount of storage inside the tank has a significant impact on the offsite. It is necessary to organize the risk of benzene, and comprehensive management of tank terminal storage facilities.
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Rushing, James W., Wilton P. Cook i Stanley Schumann. "INFLUENCE OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN TOMATO PACKINGHOUSE WASTEWATER". HortScience 27, nr 6 (czerwiec 1992): 628d—628. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.628d.
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Water analyses from all commercial tomato packinghouse dump tanks in South Carolina in 1989 revealed that heavy metals and pesticides accumulate in the dump tank water throughout the course of daily operation. The amount that accumulated varied widely as follows: esfenvalerate, 0.6 to 13.8 ppb; chlorothalonil, 0.1 to 2.85 ppm; copper, 2.0 to 7.3 ppm; manganese, 0.3 to 2.4 ppm. Contamination was lowest when growers were implementing integrated pest management (IPM) practices during production. In 1990, tomatoes were grown under the following pest management practices: IPM protocol; modified IPM with more frequent spray; or weekly pesticide application regardless of pest pressure. In a small scale dump tank study the water used for tomatoes on the weekly spray schedule had from 2 to 10 times the amount of pesticide and metal residues found in water used for tomatoes grown under IPM. These results confirm that IPM programs can be effective in reducing residues in tomato packinghouse wastewater.
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Tipasri, Wunvisa, Amnart Suksri, Karthikeyan Velmurugan i Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian. "Energy Management for an Air Conditioning System Using a Storage Device to Reduce the On-Peak Power Consumption". Energies 15, nr 23 (25.11.2022): 8940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238940.
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To reduce the on-peak electrical power consumption, storage devices are widely performed with the help of an energy management system. According to IEA, residential air conditioning consumes 70% of the electricity, increasing by 4% every year. To minimize peak power consumption, thermal energy storage (TES) can be used to store cooled water for the air conditioning system. An efficient chilled water tank was designed and computationally investigated. Three-dimensional cylindrical tanks were simulated with seven different heights to diameter (H:D) ratios. At first, the temperature changes in a chilled water tank during discharging and charging periods were studied. An 11-h charging period was carried out during the off-peak time at night, while the discharging period was 13 h during the daytime. Under time constraints regarding peak and off-peak periods, a tank with an H:D = 2.0 can only be used for 13-h discharging. Then the chilled water was simulated with a set temperature of 4 °C during the charging. This resulted in the system being usable for six days, after which it had to be stopped for longer charging. A storage tank with an H:D ratio of 2.0 was found to be suitable for an air conditioning system. If six days of operations (one day off) were used, it could save 15.38% of electrical energy consumption and 51.65% of electricity cost. This saving leads to a 5.55-year payback period.
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Iwung Hari Retno, Wilarso i Che Wan Mohd Noor. "Analysis of the corrosion rate and remaining life of the B3 waste transport roll-off tank composed of 316L stainless steel". JTTM : Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin 4, nr 1 (19.04.2023): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37373/jttm.v4i1.551.
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Corrosion has eroded the shell and head of the roll-off tank used to carry B3 waste. This influence will effect on the functioning of the waste containment tanks, as well as the general safety of the public. The goal of this study was to examine the viability of employing a roll off tank by completing a visual inspection and engineering calculations using ASME VIII and API 510 standards to determine the corrosion rate and remaining life in the roll-off tank. This study employs a quantitative approach. Tank design data was acquired using SA-240/G316L material with an initial shell and head thickness of 6 mm and an actual thickness of 5.45 mm shell and 5.50 mm head. The corrosion rate and remaining life analysis yielded a Thickness Required shell value of 4.33 mm and a head value of 4.33 mm, with a shell and head Corrosion Rate value of 0.04 mpy, a Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) value of shell and head of 0.63 Bar, and a shell and head remaining life value of 28 years and 30 years, respectively. It may be established that the roll-off tank is still operationally viable. Maintenance and testing regularly to improve roll-off tank performance
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Hernandez-Lopez, R. D., V. G. Tzatchkov, A. Martin-Dominguez i V. H. Alcocer-Yamanaka. "Study of hydraulics and mixing in roof tanks used in intermittent water supply". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, nr 4 (4.10.2016): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.147.
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Roof tanks are common in low and middle income countries, due to the intermittent water supply. Their hydraulic and water mixing behaviour has not been studied. This paper presents the results of a study on mixing and water demand in roof tanks, based on physical and numerical models. Tracer tests were carried out on a real scale transparent wall laboratory model of a roof tank, and a three-parameter residence time distribution model was applied, showing that the model that best describes mixing in roof water tanks is the one with a completely stirred flow reactor with a small portion of bypassing. This result was confirmed by computational fluid dynamic simulations and visual observation. The instantaneous water flow derived from activating typical home water-using fixtures was measured at the pipe feeding the tank, the pipe exiting the tank, and without a roof tank. Stochastic water demand patterns were generated with the measured data and used in the numerical model of a small distribution network. Based on this model it was found that water demand and pipe flow behave differently in continuous and intermittent water supply networks. The instantaneous flow rate withdrawn from the water distribution network pipes is lower in systems with roof tanks.
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Pylypenko, O. V., O. D. Nikolayev, I. D. Bashliy i O. M. Zavoloka. "Approach to numerical simulation of the spatial motions of a gas/liquid medium in a space stage propellant tank in microgravity with account for the hot zone". Technical mechanics 2022, nr 4 (15.12.2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2022.04.003.
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Space propulsion systems ensure multiple startups and shutdowns of the main liquid-propellant rocket engines in microgravity conditions for spacecraft preset motions and reorientation control. During the passive flight of a space stage (after its main engine shutdown), the liquid propellant in the tanks continues moving by inertia in microgravity and moves as far away from the propellant management device as possible. In this case, the pressurization gas is displaced to the propellant management device, which creates the potential danger of the gas entering the engine inlet in quantities unacceptable for multiple reliable engine restarts. In this regard, the determination of the parameters of fluid movement in propellant tanks under microgravity conditions is a pertinent problem to be solved in the designing of liquid-propellant propulsion systems. This paper presents an approach to the theoretical calculation of the parameters of motion of the gas–liquid system in the propellant tanks of today’s space stages in microgravity conditions. The approach is based on the use of the finite element method, the Volume of Fluid method, and up-to-date computer tools for finite-element analysis (Computer Aided Engineering - CAE systems). A mathematical simulation of the spatial motion of the liquid propellant and the formation of free gas inclusions in passive flight was performed, and the motion parameters and shape of the free liquid surface in the tank and the location of gas inclusions were determined. The liquid motion in a model spherical tank in microgravity conditions was simulated numerically with and without account for the hot zone near the tank head. The motion parameters of the gas-liquid interface in a model cylindrical tank found using the proposed approach are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. The proposed approach will significantly reduce the extent of experimental testing of space stages under development.
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Shang, Hu, Deng, Liu, Zhai, Chai, Liu, Zhan, Dobbs i Tang. "Metagenomic Sequencing Identifies Highly Diverse Assemblages of Dinoflagellate Cysts in Sediments from Ships’ Ballast Tanks". Microorganisms 7, nr 8 (9.08.2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7080250.
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Ships’ ballast tanks have long been known as vectors for the introduction of organisms. We applied next-generation sequencing to detect dinoflagellates (mainly as cysts) in 32 ballast tank sediments collected during 2001–2003 from ships entering the Great Lakes or Chesapeake Bay and subsequently archived. Seventy-three dinoflagellates were fully identified to species level by this metagenomic approach and single-cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequencing, including 19 toxic species, 36 harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming species, 22 previously unreported as producing cysts, and 55 reported from ballast tank sediments for the first time (including 13 freshwater species), plus 545 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) not fully identified due to a lack of reference sequences, indicating tank sediments are repositories of many previously undocumented taxa. Analyses indicated great heterogeneity of species composition among samples from different sources. Light and scanning electron microscopy and single-cell PCR sequencing supported and confirmed results of the metagenomic approach. This study increases the number of fully identified dinoflagellate species from ballast tank sediments to 142 (> 50% increase). From the perspective of ballast water management, the high diversity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dinoflagellates in ballast tanks argues for continuing research and stringent adherence to procedures intended to prevent unintended introduction of non-indigenous toxic and HAB-forming species.
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Li, Huifeng, Lijun Lu, Xiangfeng Huang, Haidong Shangguan i Zhongqing Wei. "An optimal design strategy of decentralized storage tank locations for multi-objective control of initial rainwater quality". Water Supply 20, nr 6 (20.05.2020): 2069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.097.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract In recent years, frequent non-point source pollution has raised serious challenges for urban water environmental management. The efficiency and cost of water quality storage tanks, which can prevent and control urban pollution effectively, are significantly affected by their locations. However, few studies have determined the location of decentralized storage tanks with consideration of the characteristics of initial rainwater quality, which has led to unsatisfactory or extravagant design. Therefore, a new design strategy is proposed to optimize the locations of water quality storage tanks using the InfoWorks ICM model in this study. It includes two basic steps. Firstly, the pollution severity of each node in the corresponding subcatchment is evaluated and ranked through the matter element analysis method and analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, all the nodes are precisely sorted by their excessive multiples using the single factor index method. Its application in the design of the decentralized storage tank locations in Fuzhou, China, proved that the proposed strategy can reduce the total volume of decentralized storage tanks to 0.38 times that of a terminal tank. The strategy presented in this study may also be useful in other research on storage tank design in urban pollution prevention and control systems.
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Kamble, RK. "Water management in mountainous Jardhar Village, Chamba Block, Uttarakhand, India". International Journal of Environment 3, nr 1 (28.02.2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9946.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
An attempt has been carried out to assess water management practices adopted by Jardhar villagers in Chamba block of Uttrakhand. The rain water during rainy season got collected in chahals (mountainous tanks) on top of mountains. The rain water which got collected in these structures percolates through mountains and forms number of small streams which were perennial in nature. The water from these streams were received in a small metal tank at the end of stream in the mountain and through a steel pipe this collected water was diverted and collected into a cement tank at an elevated location at the entrance of the village. From this elevated water reservoir water was distributed at various locations in the village through public stand posts. The sustainable utilization of water in this mountainous area paved way for availability of water throughout the year and thus can sustain the population in such a topographic region. This traditional water management in Jardhar village has set an example of water management which can be adopted in such terrains throughout the world. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9946 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 93-100
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Sharma, Ashok, i Ted Gardner. "Comprehensive Assessment Methodology for Urban Residential Rainwater Tank Implementation". Water 12, nr 2 (21.01.2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020315.
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Rainwater tanks are increasingly being implemented as part of the integrated urban water management paradigm where all sources of water, including potable, stormwater and recycled, are considered eligible to contribute to the urban water supply. Over the last decade or so, there has been a rapid uptake of rainwater tank systems in urban areas, especially in Australian cities, encouraged through financial incentives, but more importantly, from change in residential building codes effectively mandating the installation of rainwater tanks. Homes with rainwater tanks in Australian cities have increased from 15% to 28% over six years to 2013. These building codes specify certain rainwater tank specifications to achieve a stated rainwater use, and hence potable water savings. These specifications include minimum rainwater tank size, minimum connected roof area, plumbing for internal supply for toilets and washing machines, and external supply for garden watering. These expected potable water savings from households are often factored into regional strategic water planning objectives. Hence if rainwater tanks do not deliver the expected saving due to sub-standard installation and/or poor maintenance, it will have an adverse impact on the regional water plan in the longer term. In this paper, a methodology to assess the effectiveness of a government rainwater tank policy in achieving predicted potable water savings is described and illustrated with a case study from South East Queensland, Australia. It is anticipated that water professionals across the globe should be able to use the same methodology to assess the effectiveness of similar rainwater policies, or indeed any other distributed water saving policy, in their local planning communities.