Rozprawy doktorskie: „Take-all”

1

Inwood, Richard J. "The impact of annual grasses and grass removal with herbicides on carry-over of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ai63.pdf.

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Pedler, Judith F. "Resistance to take-all disease by Mn efficient wheat cultivars /". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php371.pdf.

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Crozier, James Brooks. "Evaluation of Agents for the Suppression of Take-all of Wheat in Virginia in Greenhouse and Field Studies, and Characterization of Isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis varieties". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11222.

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Take-all of wheat, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt ) is a problem wherever wheat is grown. Crop rotation is currently the only method for control. Our objectives were to develop a greenhouse bioassay and to evaluate the efficacy of mineral, chemical, and or biological agents for control, test promising agents in the field, and characterize Ggt isolates collected in Virginia. 'Jackson' soft red winter wheat seeds were planted in a Kempsville loam containing millet seed infested with Ggt or sterile millet seed in the greenhouse. Root necrosis ratings, and root and shoot weight were determined as a measure of disease severity. In the field, plots were set up with or without addition of Ggt inoculum. Effectiveness of nitrogen source, reduced manganese, and fungicide seed treatments to control take-all was determined. In greenhouse tests and in field trials plants did not yield better, significantly gain root and shoot weight due to either ammonium ions or reduced manganese, and the severity of root necrosis was not affected. Fungicide seed treatments did not significantly control take-all in the field. MON 65500, an experimental chemical, fungicides, and biological agents were tested either alone or in combination in the presence and absence of Ggt. Plants from seeds treated with MON 65500 alone or in combination with difenoconazole gained significantly greater root and shoot weight and in field trials had significantly greater grain yield over control plots. In greenhouse tests, two Bacillus spp. and a fluorescent pseudomonad were tested. Plants from bacteria-treated seeds gained root and shoot weight in only one of several tests. USDA-maintained bacterial isolates did not perform well in greenhouse bioassays or in the field, and plants from Gustafson-product-treated seed, including biological agents yielded poorly over two seasons in field trials. Little information is available on the variability of Ggt, with most information coming from Britain and Australia. Virginia and Montana Ggt, and Gga and Ggg (British isolates) were tested for virulence against 'Jackson' wheat in the greenhouse. Seeds were planted with two Ggt mycelial plugs or two sterile PDA plugs. Colony morphology, growth rates, and vegetative compatibility groups were determined. Growth rate per day and total growth was related to disease severity in greenhouse assays. For the first time, bacterial Rep primers were used to amplify Ggt DNA. Molecular techniques as well as chemical markers were used to study anastomosis between "incompatible" strains. A useful technique was developed to quickly induce perithecial formation on soybean pods which lead to ecological and agricultural concerns.
Ph. D.

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4

Barnett, Stephen J. "Directed evolution of disease suppressive bacteria : the role of root lesions on take - all diseased wheat". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37768.

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Take - all disease ( caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici, Ggt ) can be suppressed by soil microorganisms after continuous monoculture of wheat ( take - all decline, TAD ). Fluorescent pseudomonads have been implicated in this suppression. Two strategies for controlling take - ail are the in situ development of disease suppressive soil, and / or the application of a biocontrol agent. However, TAD takes up to 10 years to develop after initially high levels of disease, and the performance of bacterial biocontrol agents has been inconsistent. It is not known what environmental factors select for disease antagonists. In this work the role of diseased root lesions in directing the evolution of a native pseudomonad community, and a model disease antagonist, Pseudomonas corrugate strain 2140 ( Pc2140 ) for increased disease suppression was investigated. This work shows that root lesions are a distinct niche, supporting increased populations of total aerobic bacteria ( TAB ), pseudomonads and Pc2140 ( compared to non - lesioned sections of diseased roots and healthy roots ). Lesions selected for fluorescent pseudomonads and pseudomonads which increase take - all severity. In. contrast, lesions selected for non - pseudomonads which decrease take - all, and healthy roots selected for non - fluorescent pseudomonads which decrease take - all. It was concluded that non - fluorescent pseudomonads and non - pseudomonads were important in reducing take - all, but not fluorescent pseudomonads. Pc2140 produced multiple variant phenotypes in vitro and on wheat roots which were altered in ( 1 ) their ability to inhibit pathogens in vitro and control take - all, and ( 2 ) GC - FAME and BIOLOG profiles to the extent that some variants were identified as different species. Different sets of phenotypes were produced in vitro and on roots. After 108 weeks culture of Pc2140 on root lesions and healthy wheat roots, variant colony types were generally slightly decreased in ability to reduce take - all, and reisolates with the wild type colony morphology were generally slightly increased in ability to reduce take - all compared to the ancestral Pc2140. This is the first report on the diversification of a pseudomonad biocontrol agent on roots, and has implications for the taxonomic identification and grouping of isolates based on phenotypic characteristics.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Crop Protection, 1998.

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Keeble, Alison. "Interaction between mycorrhiza, rhizosphere bacteria and take-all on wheat". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342050.

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Allende-Molar, Raul. "Role of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens in the suppression of take-all and pythium root rot of wheat". Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/r_allende-molar_100506.pdf.

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McMillan, Vanessa Elizabeth. "Identification and characterisation of resistance to the take-all fungus in wheat". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8221.

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Take-all disease, caused by the soil-borne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is the most devastating root disease of wheat around the world. Typical take-all symptoms show as black necrotic lesions on the roots and when severe can cause premature ripening and stunting of the wheat crop, resulting in poor grain quality and yield loss. Both cultural and chemical control methods are moderately successful at controlling take-all but plant material that would be useful for take-all control via a genetic approach has not been identified in the UK or elsewhere. The main aim of this project was to identify resistance to take-all within wheat (Triticum spp.). This study explored a new phenomenon in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) which restricts take-all inoculum build-up (TAB) in the soil during a first wheat crop and also explored tissue based resistance to take-all in hexaploid wheat and a related diploid wheat species, Triticum monococcum. Forty-nine elite wheat varieties were evaluated for their ability to build-up take-all inoculum in first wheat field trials using a soil core bioassay method, and pedigree and molecular marker analyses were carried out to investigate the genetic sources of the TAB trait. The effect of a low or high TAB first wheat variety on take-all disease and yield in a following second wheat crop was evaluated in crop rotation field trials. This work demonstrated that there are significant differences between current elite wheat varieties screened for the TAB trait and that there are probably multiple genetic sources of the trait. Take-all disease was lower and yields generally higher in a second wheat crop after a low TAB first wheat. The susceptibility of fifty elite hexaploid wheat varieties and thirty-four T. monococcum accessions to take-all was evaluated in third wheat field trials. Both T. aestivum (variety Hereford) and T. monococcum (MDR031 and MDR046) genotypes with some partial resistance to take-all were identified. A seedling pot test method as a screen for resistance was also explored but the results were found not to be closely related to the susceptibility of adult plants in field trials. The implications of these new findings for the control of take-all and further research are discussed.

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8

Garosi, Paola. "A study of gene expression in the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267543.

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Wilson, Ruth Katherine. "Development of a PCR assay to quantify take-all pathogens of wheat". Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424270.

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Pereira, Veronica Conception Antoinette. "Double-stranded RNA and biological properties of the wheat take-all fungus". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46499.

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11

Miao, Yu. "Development and use of T-RFLP for studies of take-all infection of wheat". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490991.

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Take-all of wheat is caused by the soil-borne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), and is a widespread and destructive disease in temperate climates around the world where losses may be as high as 50%. Several practices are used to limit the disease on susceptible crops, including tillage, rotation, choice of variety, N fertilizer, and chemical and biological seed treatments. In relation to biological control, it is necessary to better understand the effects of different treatments on microbial dynamics in the rhizosphere and on roots.

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12

Kim, Yong-Ki. "Investigations related to resistance to take-all and Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in wheat /". Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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13

Osborne, Sarah-Jane. "Exploring the genetic and mechanistic basis of resistance to take-all disease in wheat". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40646/.

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Take-all, caused by the soil-borne ascomycete fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, (Ggt), is a root disease that devastates wheat production worldwide. Current control measures consist of partially effective chemical seed dressings and cultural methods such as crop rotation. There is currently no genetic control of the disease. The first aim of this PhD project was to characterise a range of diploid and hexaploid wheat germplasm that possess a promising level of take-all resistance under field conditions. Both above and below ground phenotyping was carried out and soil moisture probes were used to evaluate upper root function for a range of hexaploid varieties. A diploid Triticum monococcum MDR037 (S) X MDR046 (R) mapping population was screened and revealed a good spread in susceptibility to take-all across two field seasons. The population has subsequently been genotyped and genetic analyses will be carried out to explore the genetic basis of resistance. Phialophora fungal species, belonging to the genus Gaeumannomyces, colonise wheat roots but do not destroy the vascular tissue and have previously been found to suppress take-all disease. In the second approach to control Ggt, winter wheat varieties on the AHDB Recommended List (RL) were screened for their ability to build-up natural populations of Phialophora fungi in the field. Differences were revealed in their potential to build-up Phialophora spp. under a first wheat crop. A Phialophora isolate collection was gathered and draft genomes were sequenced, assembled and annotated for the three Phialophora spp. found in UK soils. Preliminary analysis suggests that considerable polymorphism may exist between homologous genes found in all three species. These findings provide a novel contribution to the potential of these two differing control mechanisms against take-all disease.

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14

Rachdawong, Sansanalak. "PCR-Based Test for Differentiating Varieties of Gaeumannomyces graminis, The Take-All Pathogens". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29884.

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Take-all is the most devastating root disease of wheat worldwide. The causal agent is Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Olivier. Based on morphological characteristics and host ranges, three varieties of G. graminis have been recognized. G. graminis var. tritici Walker (Ggt) is the major causal agent of take-all of wheat and barley and the most economically important take-all pathogen. G. graminis var. avenae (Turner) Dennis (Gga) attack oats and causes take-all patch of turf grasses while G. graminis var. graminis (Ggg) is pathogenic on turf grasses but is non-pathogenic on wheat. Conventional diagnosis of take-all pathogens is based on field symptoms such as blackened roots, stunted growth, and white-heads and morphological characteristics such as hyphopodia type, size of perithecia, asci, and ascospores. These procedures are time-consuming, laborious, and often inconclusive. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, simple, and specific method for differentiation of G. graminis varieties using PCR and molecular-based technology. Exploitation of genes associated with pathogenicity of G. graminis as markers for the test was proposed. Metabolic activities of G. graminis associated with pathogenesis were investigated, namely, the abilities to produce avenacinase and to oxidize manganese. Avenacinase, an avenacin detoxifying enzyme, was associated with Gga pathogenicity for oats but this enzyme is not important in Ggt pathogenicity for wheat. Manganese oxidation was also correlated with Ggt virulence. In this study, avenacinase-like genes were discovered in Ggt and Ggg and manganese oxidation was confirmed for Ggt, Gga, and Ggg. All isolates of Ggt except isolate ATCC 28230 were manganese oxidizers. Ggg and Gga isolates could oxidize manganese but their precipitation patterns were not as intense or closely correlated with mycelial growth as for Ggt. Pathogenicity assays on oats for Ggt, Gga, and Ggg isolates confirmed that Ggt isolates could not cause disease on oats aside from occasional slight root damage. Root weight was reduced for oat seedlings inoculated with Gga isolates. Comparison of partial sequences of avenacinase-like genes from Ggt and Ggg showed strong homology to that of Gga (94.8% identity to Ggt and 94.6% identity to Ggg). However, the Ggt gene was more closely related to that of Ggg (99.2% identity) than to Gga. DNA restriction endonuclease polymorphisms of the genes supported DNA sequencing information and revealed that there were variations within the genes among Ggt, Gga, and Ggg. Variety-specific electrophoretic patterns were obtained when the genes were digested with HaeIII. Ggt, Gga, and Ggg upstream (5') variety-specific primers and a downstream (3') universal primer were designed from the avenacinase and avenacinase-like DNA sequences. PCR amplification with Ggt-, Gga-, and Ggg-specific primers generated fragments of 870, 617, and 1,086 bp, respectively. Each 5'-specific primer showed high specificity for its own DNA template in mixed populations of DNA templates. The optimized PCR procedure was sensitive to DNA template concentration as low as 100 pg. Genomic DNA of sixteen Ggt isolates, seven Gga isolates, and five Ggg isolates were tested. Although all Ggt isolates were originally isolated from wheat, seven isolates produced Ggg-specific fragments. This result corresponded well with HaeIII DNA polymorphisms, pathogenicity assay, and manganese oxidizing ability. All but one Gga isolates produced the variety-specific fragment. Ggt- and Gga- specific products were generated from Gga isolate RB-W. Although Ggg-specific fragments were produced from all Ggg isolates, non-specific products were also observed from isolates that were not from wheat origin suggesting some genetic variations due to host ranges. Additionally, no non-specific amplification was obtained from any closely related fungi such as Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus or Phialophora spp. The test developed in this study is the first test capable of identification of Ggt, Gga, and Ggg in a single PCR tube with a basic PCR protocol. The test is rapid and specific. Interpretation of results is simple and conclusive based on differences in size of each variety-specific fragment.
Ph. D.

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15

Freeman, Jacqueline. "Molecular variation and population dynamics of the wheat take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410142.

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Lennartsson, E. K. M. "Cultural control of take-all : The effect of mixed species cropping and organic soil amendments". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379661.

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Brassett, P. R. "Computer simulation of the take-all disease of winter wheat with particular reference to methodology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233678.

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The theory and the practical application of the simulation of root infection of winter wheat by the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, are critically evaluated with respect to field epidemics and to infection of seedlings within controlled environments. Several simple models for disease progress in field epidemics are evaluated with respect to field data, including a generalized logistic equation and systems of simple non-linear differential equations, with and without algebraic solutions. An investigation is made of disease heterogeneity in the field and transect data derived from sampling 11,000 plants are analysed for the presence of significant pattern. The effect of the observed spatial heterogeneity on the precision of field data is also empirically investigated. The use of a controlled-environment experiment to model the effect of volunteer infestation on inoculum survival in the field is demonstrated, and a simple model is used to quantitatively estimate the effect of volunteer infestation on inoculum multiplication. Data for a seedling disease epidemic are simulated by three mathematically and computationally diverse simulators derived from a single underlying theoretical model. The first is a complex simulator written in FORTRAN and run on a mainframe computer which resolves the infection process into a number of detailed submodels. The second simulator is written in BBCBASIC and 6502 machine code and makes use of a discrete root map to hold information on host growth and infection. In the third simulator the model is expressed as a series of rate equations and is run on a simulation package on the BBC microcomputer. The simulation techniques used are discussed and evaluated with respect to model development and the descriptive accuracy of the simulators. In conclusion a strategy is proposed for the development of a comprehensive model for field epidemics of take-all by means of controlled-environment experimentation.

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18

Thomas, Samantha Lynn. "The development and utilization of assays to characterize populations of gaeumannomyces graminis". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1087531238.

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Bema, Judith, Kristina Lundgren i Ewa Malmsten. "Does the Winner Take it All? : A Case Study on Entrepreneurs' Motivation in an Innovation Competition". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26718.

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Confronted with an increasing diversity of social and global challenges, innovation competitions become an increasingly important tool to spur innovation amongst entrepreneurs. Based on a case study on three finalists of the Wendy Schmidt Oil Clean-Up XChallenge, this thesis aims to investigate what factors motivate entrepreneurs to take part in an innovation competition. Due to the fact that four years after the closure of the challenge nine out of ten finalists were still actively in the oil clean-up business, the authors further investigate on what the main motivational factors for continuing business after participation in an innovation competition are. Data was collected via in-depth interviews and analysed by applying the model of entrepreneurial motivation by Naffiziger, Hornsby and Kuratko (1994) as well as Gimeno, Folta, Cooper and Woo’s (1997) threshold model. Further, the authors conducted a case study on the finalists of the Wendy Schmidt Oil Clean-Up XChallenge, which was an innovation competition, initiated by the XPrize Foundation in 2010. The competition was a reaction to the BP oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 and aimed for finding better and more efficient oil clean-up solutions. Ten finalists were selected to test their inventions at one of the world’s largest testing facilities for oil spill clean-up technology. The findings suggest that the motivators for participation in an innovation competition include a desire for increased publicity and reputation, as well as the opportunity to test the technology. It was also found that factors such as the goal of the organisation and the perception of one’s product and business idea play key roles in the decision to participate in an innovation competition. Furthermore, the research shows that the business environment and a need for achievement influence the decision to partake. With regards to the motivational factors that encourage sustained entrepreneurship after participating in an innovation competition, it was found that the correlation between expectations, both regarding the outcome and the implementation process, upon entering the competition and the actual outcome, does not have a large impact upon whether operations are continued after the innovation competition has ended. Instead, it was found that the main motives for continuing operations are a strong psychic attachment to the business, as well as high costs of switching to another area of commerce.

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Maplestone, P. E. "Interactions between soil bacteria and the take-all fungus : Root colonisation and potential for biological control". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372019.

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Stanway, C. A. "Double-stranded RNA viruses and pathogenicity of the wheat take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37865.

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Moughan, Joseph. "Uniting genetics and chemistry to reduce the risk of take-all disease in commercial second wheats". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30858.

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Gaeumannomyces tritici is a soil-borne, highly destructive, wheat root pathogen, causing take-all disease. Some modern, elite, winter wheat cultivars possess a genetic trait promoting low take-all inoculum build-up (LowTAB). This leads to reduced disease if wheat is grown in the same field the next year. This PhD aimed to test if genetics (LowTAB) and chemistry will individually or synergistically influence take-all fungal inoculum build-up in first wheats as methods to control second wheat take-all disease. The underlying mechanism, epidemiology, agronomy and genetics of the TAB (take-all build-up) trait in eight first wheat field trials was investigated. This identified two minor QTLs conferring the LowTAB trait, in a doubled haploid mapping population. This PhD also confirms the highly complex cultivar-year-field interactions that underpin this trait. Root phenotyping experiments in the field and laboratory highlight that the TAB trait is not likely to be the result of root system architecture variation. Future field trials are planned to confirm the QTLs identified and to test for links between TAB and root-soil-microbial interactions. The effect of foliar applied chemistry (fungicide: Amistar, active ingredient: azoxystrobin and plant growth regulator: Moddus, a.i. trinexapac-ethyl) combined with genetics (TAB) on first wheat take-all inoculum build-up and second wheat disease was investigated. To complement this, laboratory screens were performed checking for common target site mutations to the azoxystrobin fungicide, in new and historic G. tritici isolates. For the first time, legacy effects of first wheat foliar chemistry on second wheat disease were identified, however no synergy with genetics were found. Early first wheat Amistar sprays reduced second wheat take-all disease, whilst later sprays and plant growth regulator, Moddus; had no effect. However, first wheat inoculum reduction by Amistar, could not be directly linked to the second wheat disease outbreaks observed. No evidence of fungicide resistance was found in 40 UK isolates, thus the varied efficacy of Amistar is linked to soil dose rate at the different application times. The collective PhD findings of the effect of first wheat chemistry and genetics make a significant contribution to the control of take-all disease in commercial second wheat crops.

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23

Genowati, Indira. "Take-all in Wheat: PCR Identification of the Pathogen and the Interactions Amongst Potential Biological Control Agents". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35050.

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Gaeumannomyces graminis var. triciti (Ggt), the causal agent of take-all in wheat, is difficult to detect accurately and rapidly due to its similarity to fungi in the Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora complex. My objectives are to detect the fungus in infested plants and soil, and to predict effective combinations of bacteria as biological control agents. Detection was based on avenacinase-based primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions specified by earlier research. PCR conditions were modified to effect detection. The annealing temperature was lowered from 68 to 62Â°C for plant and soil extracts, and the concentration of Taq polymerase was doubled for soil extracts. The lowest detection limit for plant extraction was with plant grown on 4 g Ggt-infested millet seed per kg soil, and that for soil extraction was 16 mg of purified Ggt DNA per g soil. Chemical and cultural control methods are currently inadequate. Biological control using bacteria is an alternative. Combinations of several bacterial strains are expected to work better than a single strain, but they may be less effective if bacteria antagonize each other or compete for the same rhizosphere habitat. Antagonism of potential biological control agents were assessed using a Petri plate assay. To estimate possible habitat competition, nutritional profiles of the strains were evaluated using the BIOLOG system. I hypothesized that bacteria not antagonistic to each other and having low coefficients of nutritional similarity would make better biological control combinations. Six bacterial combinations gave better mean root weight in the greenhouse experiment but not in the field.
Master of Science

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24

Devoe, Malcom, i Malcom W. Jr Devoe. "Cellular Neural Networks with Switching Connections". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/115.

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Artificial neural networks are widely used for parallel processing of data analysis and visual information. The most prominent example of artificial neural networks is a cellular neural network (CNN), composed from two-dimensional arrays of simple first-order dynamical systems (“cells”) that are interconnected by wires. The information, to be processed by a CNN, represents the initial state of the network, and the parallel information processing is performed by converging to one of the stable spatial equilibrium states of the multi-stable CNN. This thesis studies a specific type of CNNs designed to perform the winner-take-all function of finding the largest among the n numbers, using the network dynamics. In a wider context, this amounts to automatically detecting a target spot in the given visual picture. The research, reported in this thesis, demonstrates that the addition of fast on-off switching (blinking) connections significantly improves the functionality of winner-take-all CNNs. Numerical calculations are performed to reveal the dependence of the probability, that the CNN correctly classifies the largest number, on the switching frequency.

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Nkemka, Pamela Nkengafac. "The effects of cereal-clover bicropping on the epidemiology of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) in wheat". Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298856.

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Ross, Ian Lindsay. "Mechanisms of biocontrol of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici by Pseudomonas corrugata strain 2140 : genetic and biochemical aspects". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr824.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 207-220. Pseudomonas corrigata strain 2140 (Pc2140), isolated from wheat field soil in Australia, antagonises the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) in vitro and significantly reduces take-all symptoms on wheat in pot trials. This study investigates the mechanisms by which the biocontrol agent reduces the disease symptoms. Biochemical analysis of metabolites of P. corrugata 2140 reveal a number of compounds potentially antagonistic to Ggt and which may play a role in disease control. These include water-soluble antibiotics, siderophores, proteases, peptides and volatiles including hydrogen cyanide.

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Pillinger, Chad. "Effects of take all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) on below ground resource capture and above ground growth of winter wheat". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273261.

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Fisher, Sean. "'We'll all take the high road' : is there evidence of an evolving 'partnership' approach to the management of 'highway works'?" Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2012. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17505/.

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This study sets out to examine whether there was an evolving partnership approach emerging in England in the management of ‗highway works‘, which are works carried out in the highway by companies providing utility services such as gas, water, electricity, and telecommunications, and by local authorities undertaking the repair and maintenance of their highway networks. Local government in England has been extensively covered in academic literature, but the management of ‗highway works‘ is an area that has not been widely covered. It is an area that is currently receiving more widespread attention generally as local authorities implement ‗permit schemes‘, which were introduced by the Government in response to concerns about the disruption and delay caused by ‗highway works‘ and the associated cost to the national economy. There are currently a small number of ‗permit schemes‘ in operation in England, including schemes in London (2010), Kent (2010), Northamptonshire (2011), and St Helens (2012). Six Yorkshire authorities have applied to operate a permit scheme, and these come into effect in June 2012. The study takes a case study approach to examine the way in which two highway authorities in England apply the same national legislation, with research also being carried out in two additional highway authorities in order to triangulate the findings. Research was carried out between February 2010 and December 2011 using in-depth, semi-structured interviews including a councillor, local authority officers and representatives of utility companies operating in the local authority areas. The interview findings were also triangulated by an examination of relevant documents, including policies, procedures and plans. A review of the literature on public policy and policy implementation and inter-organisational collaborations was carried out, together with a review of local government in England, and the legislation relating to the management of ‗highway works‘. The research identified similarities in how local authorities approach their role in managing ‗highway works‘ by having a ―street works team‖ with responsibilities for the co-ordination of works. However, differences were identified with regard to the emphasis and focus that authorities placed upon different aspects of the national legislation. The research identified factors that influence utility companies in complying with the legislation, and that affect their relationships with individual authorities. The findings add reputational considerations to factors that are present in inter-organisational collaborations. The research draws three main conclusions: (1) that the complex, and at times ambiguous, nature of the legal framework surrounding the management of ‗highway works‘ means that utility companies need to work with authorities; (2) authorities need to work with utility companies in order to discharge their legal network management duty; and (3) utility companies and authorities need to work jointly in order to avoid the need for further legislation in an industry sector, already regarded as being heavily regulated, to address Government concerns about the disruptive effects of all ‗highway works‘.

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Chng, Soon Fang. "Microbial factors associated with the natural suppression of take-all in wheat in New Zealand : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand /". Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/863.

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Take-all, caused by the soilborne fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), is an important root disease of wheat that can be reduced by take-all decline (TAD) in successive wheat crops, due to general and/or specific suppression. A study of 112 New Zealand wheat soils in 2003 had shown that Ggt DNA concentrations (analysed using real-time PCR) increased with successive years of wheat crops (1-3 y) and generally reflected take-all severity in subsequent crops. However, some wheat soils with high Ggt DNA concentrations had low take-all, suggesting presence of TAD. This study investigated 26 such soils for presence of TAD and possible suppressive mechanisms, and characterised the microorganisms from wheat roots and rhizosphere using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A preliminary pot trial of 29 soils (including three from ryegrass fields) amended with 12.5% w/w Ggt inoculum, screened their suppressiveness against take-all in a growth chamber. Results indicated that the inoculum level was too high to detect the differences between soils and that the environmental conditions used were unsuitable. Comparison between the Ggt DNA concentrations of the same soils collected in 2003 and in 2004 (collected for the pot trial), showed that most soils cropped with 2, 3 and 4 y of successive wheat had reduced Ggt DNA concentrations (by 195-2911 pg g-1 soil), and their disease incidences revealed 11 of the 29 test soils with potential take-all suppressiveness. Further pot trials improved the protocols, such that they were able to differentiate the magnitudes of suppressiveness among the soils. The first of the subsequent trials, using 4% w/w Ggt inoculum level, controlled conditions at 16°C, 80% RH with alternate 12 h light/dark conditions, and watering the plants twice weekly to field capacity (FC), screened 13 soils for their suppressiveness against take-all. The 13 soils consisted of 11 from the preliminary trial, one wheat soil that had been cropped with 9 y of wheat (considered likely to be suppressive), and a conducive ryegrass soil. The results revealed that 10 of these soils were suppressive to take-all. However, in only four of them were the effects related to high levels of microbial/biological involvement in the suppression, which were assessed in an experiment that first sterilised the soils. In a repeat trial using five of the soils H1, H3, M2, P7 (previously cropped with 3, 3, 4 and 9 y successive wheat, respectively) and H15 (previously cropped with 5 y of ryegrass), three of them (H1, H3 and M2) had reduced Ggt DNA concentrations (>1000 pg g-1 soil reductions), and were confirmed to be suppressive to take-all. A pot trial, in which 1% of each soil was transferred into a γ-irradiated base soil amended with 0.1% Ggt inoculum, indicated that soils H1 and H3 (3 y wheat) were specific in their suppressiveness, and M2 (4 y wheat) was general in its suppressiveness. The microbial communities within the rhizosphere and roots of plants grown in the soils, which demonstrated conduciveness, specific or general suppressiveness to take-all, were characterised using PCR-DGGE, and identities of the distinguishing microorganisms (which differentiated the soils) identified by sequence analysis. Results showed similar clusters of microorganisms associated with conducive and suppressive soils, both for specific and general suppression. Further excision, re-amplification, cloning and sequencing of the distinguishing bands showed that some actinomycetes (Streptomyces bingchengensis, Terrabacter sp. and Nocardioides sp.), ascomycetes (Fusarium lateritium and Microdochium bolleyi) and an unidentified fungus, were associated with the suppressive soils (specific and general). Others, such as the proteobacteria (Pseudomonas putida and P. fluorescens), an actinomycete (Nocardioides oleivorans), ascomycete (Gibberella zeae), and basidiomycete (Penicillium allii), were unique in the specific suppressiveness. This indicated commonality of some microorganisms in the take-all suppressive soils, with a selected distinguishing group responsible for specific suppressiveness. General suppressiveness was considered to be due to no specific microorganisms, as seen in soil M2. An attempt to induce TAD by growing successive wheat crops in pots of Ggt-infested soils was unsuccessful with no TAD effects shown, possibly due to variable Ggt DNA concentrations in the soils and addition of nutrients during the experiment. Increasing numbers of Pseudomonas fluorescens CFU in the rhizosphere of plants, during successive wheat crops was independent of the Ggt DNA concentrations and disease incidence, suggesting that increases in P. fluorescens numbers were associated with wheat monoculture. This study has demonstrated that TAD in New Zealand was due to both specific and general suppressiveness, and has identified the distinguishing microorganisms associated with the suppression. Since most of these distinguishing microorganisms are known to show antagonistic activities against Ggt or other soilborne pathogens, they are likely to act as antagonists of Ggt in the field. Future work should focus on validating their effects either individually, or interactively, on Ggt in plate and pot assays and under field conditions.

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Sandvik, Christian Mclisky. "Wave-to-Wire Model of the Wave Energy Converter Bolt2 : Control and Power Extraction with an All-Electric Power Take-Off System". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18393.

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Fred Olsen is currently testing their latest wave energy converter outside of Falmouth Bay in England, preparing it for commercial exploitation at the Wavehub-project. Previous studies have shown that this device has potential for increased power extraction using reactive control, but so far these investigations have focused on the hydrodynamics of the device and on reducing the peak-to-average power ratio while omitting the effect of the electric power take off system. This thesis shows the development of the hydrodynamic model of the device as well as a detailed model of the all-electric power take-off system consisting of a permanent magnet synchronous generator, inverter and DC-link. Vector Control is used to control the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, and field weakening control of the generator is applied in order allow over-speed operation. Time domain wave-to-wire simulations are performed to evaluate the power take off capabilities of the modelled wave energy converter with different control parameters. When tuned according to approximate complex conjugate control the accumulated average generator losses become large, giving a very low overall system efficiency. Optimal control with respect to electrical output power is found to be with low added mass, and when compared to pure passive loading a 1% increase in annual energy production is achieved. The main factor that reduces the effect of reactive control is found to be the minimum load-force constraint of the device, which cannot be lower than 1 ton. Example simulations on a device with different force constraint are performed which verifies this characteristic.These results suggests that the Bolt2 has limited potential for increase in power extraction by implementing reactive control. The analysis in this thesis is nevertheless valuable, as it demonstrates how a wave-to-wire model can be used for power take-off investigations, annual energy production estimations and evaluations of different control techniques.

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Akter, Zafrin. "Investigations on rhizosphere management for a better Mn and Zn acquisition and disease resistance in crop plants in the model system of take-all disease in wheat". Beuren Stuttgart Grauer, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989893251/04.

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Trinh, Franck Ky. "Simulation d'un réseau de neurones à l'aide de transistors SET". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5493.

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Ce mémoire est le résultat d'une recherche purement exploratoire concernant la définition d'une application de réseaux de neurones à base de transistors monoélectroniques (Single-Electron Transistor, SET). Il dresse un portait de l'état de l'art actuel, et met de l'avant la possibilité d'associer les SET avec la technologie actuelle (Field Electron Transistor, FET). La raison de cette association est que les SET peuvent être perçus comme un moyen de changement de paradigme, c'est-à-dire remplacer une fonction CMOS occupant une grande place par un dispositif alternatif présentant de meilleures performances ou équivalentes. Par l'intermédiaire de leurs caractéristiques électriques peu ordinaires au synonyme de"l'effet de blocage de Coulomb", les SET ont le potentiel d'être exploités intelligemment afin de tirer profit sur la consommation énergétique essentiellement. Cette problématique est présentée comme une des propositions alternatives"Beyond CMOS" aux termes de la diminution géométrique des transistors FET à la lumière de l'ITRS. Cette recherche propose d'exposer des circuits électroniques de technologie MOS complétés à l'aide de SET (circuits hybrides) et de montrer que l'on est capable de les remplacer ou les compléter (partiellement) dans des architectures à réseau de neurones. Pour cela, des simulations sous logiciel Cadence Environnement permettront de valider le comportement des circuits sur plusieurs critères tels que la vitesse de réponse et la consommation énergétique, par exemple. En résultat, seront proposées deux architectures à réseaux de neurones de fonctions différentes : une architecture Winner-Take-All et un générateur de spikes en tension. La première étant inspirée d'une publication provenant de GUIMARAES et al., veut démontrer qu'à partir d'une architecture SET existante, il est envisageable de se l'approprier et de l'appliquer aux paramètres des SET du CRN[indice supérieur 2] augmentant donc nos chances de pouvoir les concevoir dans notre groupe de recherche. Le second axe est la simulation d'un circuit capable de générer des signaux à spikes sans perte d'information, ce qui requerrait un nombre considérable de transistors FET sans l'utilisation de SET, mettant donc en valeur la réduction de composants.

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Habig, Johannes Hendrikus. "Soilborne disease suppressiveness / conduciveness : analysis of microbial community dynamics / by Johannes Hendrikus Habig". Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/415.

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Take-all is the name given to the disease caused by a soilborne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) von Arx and Olivier var. tritici Walker (Ggt), an ascomycete of the family Magnaportheaceae (Cook, 2003). This fungus is an aggressive soil-borne pathogen causing root rot of wheat (primary host), barley and rye crops (secondary host). The flowering, seedling, and vegetative growth stages can be affected by the infection of the whole plant, leaves, roots, and stems. Infections of roots result in losses in crop yield and quality primarily due to a lowering in nutrient uptake. Take-all is most common in regions where wheat is cultivated without adequate crop rotation. Crop rotation allows time between the planting dates of susceptible crops, which causes a decrease in the inoculum potential of soilborne plant pathogens to levels below an economic threshold by resident antagonistic soil microbial communities. Soilborne disease suppressiveness is an inherent characteristic of the physical, chemical, and/or biological structure of a particular soil which might be induced by agricultural practices and activities such as the cultivation of crops, or the addition of organisms or nutritional amendments, causing a change in the microfloral environment. Disturbances of soil ecosystems that impact on the normal functioning of microbial communities are potentially detrimental to soil formation, energy transfers, nutrient cycling, and long-term stability. In this regard, an overview of soil properties and processes indicated that the use of microbiological and biochemical soil properties, such as microbial biomass, the analysis of microbial functional diversity and microbial structural diversity by the quantification of community level physiological profiles and signature lipid biomarkers are useful as indicators of soil ecological stress or restoration properties because they are more responsive to small changes than physical and chemical characteristics. In this study, the relationship between physico-chemical characteristics, and different biological indicators of soil quality of agricultural soils conducive, suppressive, and neutral with respect to take-all disease of wheat as caused by the soilborne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), were investigated using various techniques. The effect of crop rotation on the functional and structural diversity of soils conducive to take-all disease was also investigated. Through the integration of quantitative and qualitative biological data as well as the physico-chemical characteristics of the various soils, the functional and structural diversity of microbial IV communities in the soils during different stadia of take-all disease of wheat were characterised. All results were evaluated statistically and the predominant physical and chemical characteristics that influenced the microbiological and biochemical properties of the agricultural soils during different stadia of take-all disease of wheat were identified using multivariate analyses. Although no significant difference @ > 0.05) could be observed between the various soils using conventional microbiological enumeration techniques, the incidence of Gliocladium spp. in suppressive soils was increased. Significant differences @ < 0.05) were observed between agricultural soils during different stadia of take-all disease of wheat. Although no clear distinction could be made between soils suppressive and neutral to take-all disease of wheat, soils suppressive and conducive to take-all disease of wheat differed substantially in their community level physiological profiles (CLPPs). Soils suppressive / neutral to take-all disease were characterised by enhanced utilisation of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates, while conducive soils were characterised by enhanced utilisation of carbohydrates. Shifts in the functional diversity of the associated microbial communities were possibly caused by the presence of Ggt and associated antagonistic fungal and bacterial populations in the various soils. It was evident that the relationships amongst the functionality of the microbial communities within the various soils had undergone changes through the different stages of development of take-all disease of wheat, thus implying different substrate utilisation capabilities of present soil microbial communities. Diversity indices were calculated as Shannon's diversity index (H') and substrate equitability (J) and were overall within the higher diversity range of 3.6 and 0.8, respectively, indicating the achievement of very high substrate diversity values in the various soils. A substantial percentage of the carbon sources were utilised, which contributed to the very high Shannon-Weaver substrate utilisation indices. Obtained substrate evenness (equitability) (J) indices indicated an existing high functional diversity. The functional diversity as observed during crop rotation, differed significantly (p < 0.05) from each other, implying different substrate utilisation capabilities of present soil microbial communities, which could possibly be ascribed to the excretion of root exudates by sunflowers and soybeans. Using the Sorenson's index, a clear distinction could be made between the degrees of substrate utilisation between microbial populations in soils conducive, suppressive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat, as well as during crop rotation. Furthermore, the various soils could also be differentiated on the basis of the microbial community structure as determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Soil suppressive to take-all disease of wheat differed significantly (p < 0.05) from soils conducive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat, implying a shift in relationships amongst the structural diversity of microbial communities within the various soils. A positive association was observed between the microbial phospholipid fatty acid profiles, and dominant environmental variables of soils conducive, suppressive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat. Soils conducive and neutral to take-all disease of wheat were characterised by high concentrations of manganese, as well as elevated concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids, terminally branched saturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids which were indicative of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and micro eukaryotes (primarily fungi), respectively. These soils were also characterised by low concentrations of phosphorous, potassium, percentage organic carbon, and percentage organic nitrogen, as well as low soil pH. Soil suppressive to take-all disease of wheat was characterised by the elevated levels of estimated of biomass and elevated concentrations of normal saturated fatty acids, which is ubiquitous to micro-organisms. The concentration of normal saturated fatty acids in suppressive soils is indicative of a low structural diversity. This soil was also characterised by high concentrations of phosphorous, potassium, percentage organic carbon, and percentage organic nitrogen, as well as elevated soil pH. The relationship between PLFAs and agricultural soils was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) and discriminant analysis (DA). Soil suppressive to take-all disease of wheat differed significantly (p < 0.05) from soils conducive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat, implying a shift in relationships amongst the structural diversity of microbial communities within the various soils. A positive association was observed between the microbial phospholipid fatty acid profiles, and dominant environmental variables of soils conducive, suppressive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the major phospholipid fatty acid groups indicated that the structural diversity differed significantly between soils conducive, suppressive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The results indicate that the microbial community functionality as well as the microbial community structure was significantly influenced by the presence of take-all disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and that the characterisation of microbial functional and structural diversity by analysis of community level physiological profiles and phospholipid fatty acid analysis, respectively, could be successfully used as an assessment criteria for the evaluation of agricultural soils conducive, suppressive, and neutral to take-all disease of wheat, as well as in crop rotation systems. This methodology might be of significant value in assisting in the management and evaluation of agricultural soils subject to the prevalence of other soilborne diseases.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Microbiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

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Navarro, Marco Vin?cius Monteiro. "Emprego de redes neurais artificiais supervisionadas e n?o supervisionadas no estudo de par?metros reol?gicos de excipientes farmac?uticos s?lidos". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13866.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcoVMN_TESE.pdf: 3982733 bytes, checksum: 381ae79721c75a30e3373fe4487512c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-05
In this paper artificial neural network (ANN) based on supervised and unsupervised algorithms were investigated for use in the study of rheological parameters of solid pharmaceutical excipients, in order to develop computational tools for manufacturing solid dosage forms. Among four supervised neural networks investigated, the best learning performance was achieved by a feedfoward multilayer perceptron whose architectures was composed by eight neurons in the input layer, sixteen neurons in the hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer. Learning and predictive performance relative to repose angle was poor while to Carr index and Hausner ratio (CI and HR, respectively) showed very good fitting capacity and learning, therefore HR and CI were considered suitable descriptors for the next stage of development of supervised ANNs. Clustering capacity was evaluated for five unsupervised strategies. Network based on purely unsupervised competitive strategies, classic "Winner-Take-All", "Frequency-Sensitive Competitive Learning" and "Rival-Penalize Competitive Learning" (WTA, FSCL and RPCL, respectively) were able to perform clustering from database, however this classification was very poor, showing severe classification errors by grouping data with conflicting properties into the same cluster or even the same neuron. On the other hand it could not be established what was the criteria adopted by the neural network for those clustering. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and Neural Gas (NG) networks showed better clustering capacity. Both have recognized the two major groupings of data corresponding to lactose (LAC) and cellulose (CEL). However, SOM showed some errors in classify data from minority excipients, magnesium stearate (EMG) , talc (TLC) and attapulgite (ATP). NG network in turn performed a very consistent classification of data and solve the misclassification of SOM, being the most appropriate network for classifying data of the study. The use of NG network in pharmaceutical technology was still unpublished. NG therefore has great potential for use in the development of software for use in automated classification systems of pharmaceutical powders and as a new tool for mining and clustering data in drug development
Neste trabalho foram estudadas redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) baseadas em algoritmos supervisionados e n?o supervisionados para emprego no estudo de par?metros reol?gicos de excipientes farmac?uticos s?lidos, visando desenvolver ferramentas computacionais para o desenvolvimento de formas farmac?uticas s?lidas. Foram estudadas quatro redes neurais artificiais supervisionadas e cinco n?o supervisionadas. Todas as RNAs supervisionadas foram baseadas em arquitetura de rede perceptron multicamada alimentada ? frente (feedfoward MLP). Das cinco RNAs n?o supervisionadas, tr?s foram baseadas em estrat?gias puramente competitivas, "Winner-Take- All" cl?ssica, "Frequency-Sensitive Competitive Learning" e "Rival-Penalize Competitive Learning" (WTA, FSCL e RPCL, respectivamente). As outras duas redes n?o supervisionadas, Self- Organizing Map e Neural Gas (SOM e NG) foram baseadas estrat?gias competitivo-cooperativas. O emprego da rede NG em tecnologia farmac?utica ? ainda in?dito e pretende-se avaliar seu potencial de emprego como nova ferramenta de minera??o e classifica??o de dados no desenvolvimento de medicamentos. Entre os prot?tipos de RNAs supervisionadas o melhor desempenho foi conseguido com uma rede de arquitetura composta por 8 neur?nios de entrada, 16 neur?nios escondidos e 1 neur?nio de sa?da. O aprendizado de rede e a capacidade preditiva em rela??o ao ?ngulo de repouso (α) foi deficiente, e muito boa para o ?ndice de Carr e fator de Hausner (IC, FH). Por esse motivo IC e FH foram considerados bons descritores para uma pr?xima etapa de desenvolvimento das RNAs supervisionadas. As redes, WTA, RPCL e FSCL, foram capazes de estabelecer agrupamentos dentro da massa de dados, por?m apresentaram erros grosseiros de classifica??o caracterizados pelo agrupamento de dados com propriedades conflitantes, e tamb?m n?o foi poss?vel estabelecer qual o crit?rio de classifica??o adotado. Tais resultados demonstraram a inviabilidade pr?tica dessas redes para os sistemas estudados sob nossas condi??es experimentais. As redes SOM e NG mostraram uma capacidade de classifica??o muito superior ?s RNAs puramente competitivas. Ambas as redes reconheceram os dois agrupamentos principais de dados correspondentes ? lactose (LAC) e celulose (CEL). Entretanto a rede som demonstrou defici?ncia na classifica??o de dados relativos aos excipientes minorit?rios, estearato de magn?sio (EMG), talco (TLC) e atapulgita (ATP). A rede NG, por sua vez, estabeleceu uma classifica??o muito consistente dos dados e resolveu o erro de classifica??o apresentados pela rede SOM, mostrando-se a rede mais adequada para a classifica??o dos dado do presente estudo. A rede Neural Gas, portanto, mostrou- se promissora para o desenvolvimento de softwares para uso na classifica??o automatizada de sistemas pulverulentos farmac?uticos

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Pedler, Judith F. (Judith Fleur). "Resistance to take-all disease by Mn efficient wheat cultivars". 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php371.pdf.

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Kuo, Chu-En, i 郭主恩. "The Concept of the Taiwan Society： The Brand of T-shirt“Take them all＂". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76047505030288308559.

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碩士
高雄師範大學
視覺設計學系
99
Nowadays, not only is Taiwan a Democratic country and even more so combined by diverse elemental racial groups. Despite the system that Taiwan runs under, younger generations have a vague idea on the status of our nation’s consciousness. In addition to unrealistic reports on the news media, generation gap and signs of social divide in political oppositions; resulting in the origin of social corruption. Subsequently, people tend to forget that we are established on the foundation of the interest of the norm and true meaning of service to the people. Aside from the impartial attitude towards political topics and politicians running totalitarian ways to steal the flesh and blood of the general public; it also causes constant divide between society, political oppositions and racial groups. The main objective of the creator of the t-shirt title “Take them all” is portraying the sarcasm of political obedience and preserved totalitarian dictatorship’s resistance and reflection. Subordinately, his designs are created upon the loss of human compassion and moral ethics. To achieve to the shallow intentions of compassion upon society and feedback; hoping to present current social conditions by visual designs and also attract younger generation’s attention and attendance in social issues. The first part of the current topic is a preface summarizing the main motive and background of the creation. The second part is based on the philosophy and discovery of literature and social signs, analysis of current conditions in Taiwan politics and systematic integration. The third part is on the analysis of designing like labels, t-shirt’s and merchandises. The last chapter is based on suggestion and the expectation of completing a final design concept, marketing, merchandise and final project proposal practice.

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37

Kuo, Chu-En, i 郭主恩. "The Concept of the Taiwan Society： The Brand of T-shirt“Take them all＂". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91294022470313137028.

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碩士
國立高雄師範大學
視覺設計學系
99
Nowadays, not only is Taiwan a Democratic country and even more so combined by diverse elemental racial groups. Despite the system that Taiwan runs under, younger generations have a vague idea on the status of our nation’s consciousness. In addition to unrealistic reports on the news media, generation gap and signs of social divide in political oppositions; resulting in the origin of social corruption. Subsequently, people tend to forget that we are established on the foundation of the interest of the norm and true meaning of service to the people. Aside from the impartial attitude towards political topics and politicians running totalitarian ways to steal the flesh and blood of the general public; it also causes constant divide between society, political oppositions and racial groups. The main objective of the creator of the t-shirt title “Take them all” is portraying the sarcasm of political obedience and preserved totalitarian dictatorship’s resistance and reflection. Subordinately, his designs are created upon the loss of human compassion and moral ethics. To achieve to the shallow intentions of compassion upon society and feedback; hoping to present current social conditions by visual designs and also attract younger generation’s attention and attendance in social issues. The first part of the current topic is a preface summarizing the main motive and background of the creation. The second part is based on the philosophy and discovery of literature and social signs, analysis of current conditions in Taiwan politics and systematic integration. The third part is on the analysis of designing like labels, t-shirt’s and merchandises. The last chapter is based on suggestion and the expectation of completing a final design concept, marketing, merchandise and final project proposal practice.

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38

Ke, Bo-Yu, i 柯柏宇. "Multiple-Constraint Winner-Take-All Neural Networks and Their Applications in Parallel Prioritized Scheduling". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95760874687288126837.

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博士
國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
102
Winner-Take-All (WTA) and k-Winners-Take-All (k-WTA) neural networks have been widely used to solve various competition-based problems. Thanks to highly efficient paral-lel-computation nature, the class of WTA neural networks is especially suitable for real-time practices. However, the existing WTA models simply consider all neurons are within a common competition group, which severely limits the applications of WTAs. In this thesis, we propose a new class of WTA neural networks, called k-multiple-constraints-winners-take-all (k-MCWTA) models, which take consideration of neurons contained in multiple and joint competition groups. The first model, called Ranked Hopfield Neural Networks (RHNN), is an extension from well-known Hopfield neural network (HNN) and is dedicated for resolving 1-MCWTA problems. Structured with ranked neurons, the RHNN allows higher-rank neurons to disable lower-rank neurons that have been enabled during previous iterations. Ranking the neurons unfortunately gives rise to a convergence problem. We present two theorems that give the sufficient conditions for the RHNN to converge to the optimal solution. This RHNN, howev-er, is similar to HNN and other energy-function-based methods, which give rise to a state os-cillation problem when the neuron updates are in a synchronous manner. Under the con-straint of asynchronous neuron update, for the RHNN to accomplish virtually parallel opera-tion, the neural model must be in continuous-time and hence be implemented in an analogi-cal circuit. However, as the system-design platforms are widely available with digital devic-es, the requirement of asynchronous neuron update becomes impractical. We thus propose another 1-MCWTA model, called Discrete-time Synchronous Ranked Neural-network (DSRN). DSRN is also structured with ranked neurons, but is capable of op-erating in a fully parallel (i.e., synchronous) discrete-time manner, and thus can be imple-mented in digital systems. We delineate via a theorem that DSRN will converge to the opti-mal solution. The theorem also provides a theoretical upper bound of the convergence la-tency. To cope with more general problem, i.e., k-MCWTA problem, we then introduce an Iterative Parallel Grouping Algorithm (IPGA). IPGA can be modeled as a discrete-time bi-nary-value two-layer recurrent neural network, in which each neuron is capable of operating in a fully parallel manner. We provide a theorem that gives a theoretical upper bound of the convergence time, , where is the total number of neurons. As will be shown in the thesis, the convergence time can be largely reduced in most real cases. To demonstrate the superiority of proposed models, we apply our methods to resolve two specific scheduling problems: prioritized packet scheduling (1-MCWTA problem) for WDM switching system and prioritized flow scheduling (k-MCWTA problem) for data cen-ter networks. Simulation results show that, with the computation time within one system slot time, the RHNN scheduler achieves near 100% throughput and multi-level prioritized sched-uling. Moreover, via CUDA-based simulations, the DSRN scheduler achieves near-optimal throughput and prioritized scheduling, with nearly convergence latency, where is the switch port count. The simulation results also show that the IPGA scheduler achieve QoS differentiation and up to 30% energy saving for data center network, with near-ly constant convergence time.

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39

Lu, Dylan, i 陸宗祥. "Another interpretation of the winner-take-all phenomena and the critism to Frank and Cook". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00167270624041571190.

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40

Lin, Mei-ling, i 林美玲. "The effect of information teaching on student learning- Take All-Out defense Education for example". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wqmfg2.

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碩士
義守大學
資訊管理學系
104
This paper is exploring the student’s requirements of informational teaching and the learning affection of All-Out defense Education. It can be known how to use the PowerPoints, computer software and internet resource to achieve the desired results. By questionnaire on students who have been attended the All-Out Defense Education, it can achieve effective teaching of All-Out defense. This research result indicates that students’ responses about information teaching on All-Out Defense are positive. All-Out Defense by information teaching indeed can improve students’ learning effect. It not only can increase the students’ learning motivations, but also make class atmosphere become more beneficial for studying. Instructors with information teaching methods can have diversified contents on class, and attract more students’ attentions easily. All of the above, information teaching in fact can highly improve students’ learning effect. This paper through understanding students’ expectations and requirements about All-Out defense Education teaching methods achieves the best way to promote All-Out defense Education.

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41

Inwood, Richard J. (Richard James). "The impact of annual grasses and grass removal with herbicides on carry-over of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)". 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ai63.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 82-89. This study is aimed at providing information on control measures against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (abbreviated to Ggt) in annual pastures across southern Australia. The impact of timing of herbicide application, the impact of variation in timing of rainfall patterns, as well as herbicide application on the control of Ggt are also discussed. Additional experiments examine the ability of grass genera to host and carry over Ggt.

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42

Lin, Meng-Chien, i 林孟蒨. "Fairness of analysis all the people health insurance medical service resources - take Taiwan as an example". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37430848695438340857.

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碩士
國立中央大學
哲學研究所碩士在職專班
98
Health is as important as the survival right and freedom and it is the basic rights of citizen that government should to supply and protect. The national health care policy should aim to eliminate the primary health inequality, and close the gap of medical accessibility. Protect the basic health right of every citizen is an important issue of the new age of social equality. Since 1995, Taiwan government has implemented the national health insurance policy for 15 years. The policy has improved the condition so that people no longer denied of medical treatment because of low social economics status. This policy lowers the difficulties of people obtaining medical examinations or treatments, and helps people getting medical service more easily. But the expansion of national health insurance payment items was too much, since it helped much more patients with rare diseases and helped the patients with low social and economic status, but the resources of national health insurance is over-drawn. Since 2002, the center of health insurance changed the medical service payment system to global budget system. The global budget system narrowed the gap of insurance revenue and reimbursement, but it was objected as the cause of the lowering of justice and appropriateness in such a capped payment system. The crisis is the result of the waste of medical resource by medical service system or patients, at the same time. The public policy of distribution of medical resource also affects justice especially when the resource is limited. Norman Daniels emphasized ‘sound health care system is one of the element of protect social justice’, all medical policy and equipment should be judged by this hypothesis. Since the central value of medical resource distribution is social justice, it should not be considered or solved only by economic management. This study analyzes the health care policy in a justice society by focusing on the ethical problems in Taiwan national health insurance resulted from mal-designed policy. We analyze the justice of medical resources of Taiwan national health insurance policy with Norman Daniels’ theory. As we know, the fees of national health insurance will be raised year by year, our analysis is quite in time, In conclusion, the government and health care organization should review the long-term damage of the quality of patients’ health resulted from the inequality of the national health insurance policy, as well as the raising of insurance premium or the seemingly un-limited expansion of the payment items. Developing an equal and just health insurance policy is the most important and urgent matter for the government, and for the medical care system and all citizens. In this study, we suggest the establishment of a national bioethics commission in national care system, which would help to develop a just policy, solve the controversy about the inequality of the distribution of medical resources, and promote the long-term improvement of health in general.

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43

Tsai, Chung-Yang, i 蔡忠仰. "Design and Implementation of Bulk-Driven Low-Voltage CMOS Winner-Take-All Circuit with Programmable Capability". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63236414696349275728.

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碩士
國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
91
Winner-take-all (WTA) circuit identifies the largest input variable and inhibits the remaining variables, which is the major function in vector quantization, pattern classification, artificial neural network, and non-linear signal processing unit. Since CMOS fabrication is continuously improving via thinner gate oxides, reduced device size, and so forth, the voltage supply of VLSI circuit in sub-micron technologies must be reduced. In this paper, a new analog CMOS WTA circuit with programmable k-WTA and k-LTA capabilities is proposed. Based on the bulk-driven technique, the supply voltage of the circuit is reduced to 1 V. The proposed up-and-down searching greatly improves the response time. By setting binary signals, the desired k-WTA function or k-LTA function is programmable, without modifying circuit structure. The WTA circuit has been fabricated by TSMC 0.25 μm 1P5M process with 28 S/B package. About 1980 transistors are used with silicon area of 630 μm x 580 μm. The results of simulation show that the response time of this circuit is 50 μs under 5-mV identified resolution. The dynamic range allows to be rail-to-rail input. Finally, a similarity measurement circuit for pattern identification has been designed as the application of WTA. Based on Hamming Metric, similarity measurements of various patterns are achieved. The circuit has been also fabricated by TSMC 0.25 μm 1P5M process with 28 S/B package. About 3080 transistors are used with silicon area of 800 μm x 780 μm.

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44

Chuang, Kun-Hui, i 莊坤輝. "Our country all the people defense education promotes the research - take the social education as an example". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26402060691623799436.

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碩士
淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班
100
The Law of All-Out Defense Education was drafted in Feb. 2, 2005 and executed from Feb.1, 2006 for the purpose of fulfill the idea of All-Out Defense. By conducting the universal national education to enhance national’s national defense knowledge and all-out defense awareness. It also encourages the national to recognize the national defense as well as to support it in person, and furthermore to sound the national defense development and ensure the national security. In the other hand, The All-Out Defense is the representation of overall combat capability. It means to utilize the whole national resources, to combine civilian with military and visible with invisible material. In the same time, to safeguard the national security by defending the invasion with integrated National power of military, civilian, material resources and spiritual power. The purposes for conducting social education are to integrate channels of local government administrative organs, social education institutions, civilian groups and enterprises, develop educational resources as well as to diversify All-Out Defense Education system. In our country, we have already been executing the social education of All-Out Defense Education for more than six years. Since the social educations relate extensive levels, I want to research & develop a brand new educational method that is more effective and suitable for individuals.

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45

Yan-Jiun, Jin, i 靳雁鈞. "Network, institution and policy: Take all the people health insurance policy formulation and the evolution as examples". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13220121545921885787.

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碩士
東海大學
政治學系
96
The policy-making with delivers is one of government important responsibilities. Therefore, the community policy and the public administration aspect's research institute cared the subject is understood how a policy does produce with was decided.But, is only understood the decision-making produces the result, cannot make us to understand the policy formulation completely the complete picture. Along with the policy research method's evolution, we start the focal point from only then to study the official system to shift to the unofficial system under interactive relations between association's.Also because of such transformation, urges the policy network research technique starting. By this method, we may clearer know a policy produces reason and result.

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46

Penrose, L. (Lindsay). "Resistance in `Triticum aestivum` to infection by `Gaeumannomyces graminis` var `Tritici` / by L. Penrose". 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20582.

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Bibliography: leaves 141-145
vii, 145 leaves, [4] leaves of plates : ill. (4 col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Depts. of Plant Pathology and Agronomy, 1986

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47

Bartlett, Monika Eckstein. "Isolation and assessment of soilborne microorganisms as biological control agents of take-all disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)". 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17834.

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Tsai, Wan-Ting, i 蔡宛庭. "“All I want to do is take care of them”: An Ethnographic Study of Child Care for Urban Indigenous Peoples". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75228713230186834772.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
衛生福利研究所
98
The focus of this study is a setting where urban indigenous child care is provided. However, this setting is regarded as “illegal” and “unregistered” by the government. The purpose of this study is to document its unique features which are un-replaceable by current formal care services. The process of social exclusion is also analyzed. This study attempts to develop analysis from the standpoint of indigenous peoples through ethnographic approach, which is aimed to capture the urban indigenous points of view. The findings of this study show that while the Taiwanese Han society has been entrusting their children to someone else, urban indigenous peoples keep their children besides them in this place, where children are acculturating into their traditions and values. As a result, this place is not only for child-caring, but more like an “assembly hall” (for affair-discussing and skills-teaching) for indigenous peoples in the city. In this place, urban indigenous peoples can maintain their cultural practices, support each other and pass on traditional cultural practices to next generation. The study shows that indigenous peoples are not passive victims of their environment but active agent of their lives. Incapable of shifting our lens about child care, the government fails to appreciate this child care setting as a site of preserving cultural identity for urban indigenous peoples. Indigenous society has long been suppressed by Han Taiwanese society. We should create room for indigenous ways of child care so that indigenous children can be cared within their own traditions. Hopefully, indigenous peoples can say with confidence that” We can take care of our own children.”

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49

Ma, Jung-LI, i 馬榮利. "A Study of Flipped Learning of All-out Defense Education-Take an Senior High School Course of Contemporary Military Technology for Example". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bdsb3s.

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碩士
元智大學
社會暨政策科學學系
104
A Study of Flipped Learning of All-out Defense Education-Take an Senior High School Course of Contemporary Military Technology for Example Student：Jung-Li Ma Advisor：Ph.D,Deng-Wang Hsieh, Abstract After the implementation of Twelve-year Compulsory Education,students gradually lose learning motivations under the traditional education werefound. Therefore, the thought of making a change came to me and the ideas ofFlipped Classroom and the Share-start Teaching Methods became a trend at the same time.This study aims to make clearly the learning achievement in Geography ofseniorhigh studentsunder the influence of the Share-start TeachingMethods. To achieve research purpose, the researcher take teaches ten second-grade in high school, each of five classes for experimental group and control groupas studying objects forthe8-week action study AlearningsheetbasedonquestionswhichincludedAll-out Defense Education of Contemporary Military Technology were redesigned, and content is 「Contemporary military technologies-advanced weapon」as eight unit. Students were grouped to teamwork by the rule of Major League Draft. And according to the couse content that grouping the results of analysis, Three learning outcomes of knowledge, interest in learning attitude, class participation behavior for discussion. After a 8-week teaching experiment, data collecting and analysis, the results ofthe study is asfollowing: 1. The Share-start Teaching Methods actually makes an obvious promotionfor senior high school students in the learning ofAll-out Defense Education. 2.The Share-start Teaching Methods can raise the learning interest inAll-out Defense Education for senior high schoolstudents. 3.The Share-start Teaching Methods can effectively develop the abilityof teamwork of senior high school students and raise the involvement of classroom participation through the competition ofgrouping. According to the studying results, the reflections of the implementation of the Share-start Teaching. Methods and suggestions and references for the teachingmaterials of All-out Defense Education, teacher of All-out Defense Education and follow-up researchers wereproposed 【keywords】FlippedClassroom, Share-start TeachingMethods, All-out Defense Educatio

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50

YANG, JIA LIN, i 楊佳麟. "A Study on the Applitation of TRIZ and Exploration of Patent to the Innovative Design – Take All Terrain Vehicle as an Example". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53906089841044493621.

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