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Abdou, Tankari Mahamadou. "Système multi-sources de production d'énergie électrique : méthode de dimensionnement d'un système hybride et mise en œuvre expérimentale de l'optimisation de la gestion d'énergie". Le Havre, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LEHA0011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is funded by the "Region Haute Normandie", the University of Le Havre and the GREAH laboratory, within the scope of research activities developed in the decades by GREAH laboratory on integration of renewable energy sources in systems of power generation and energy storage. The hybrid system considered consists of a wind generator, a diesel generator, photovoltaic panels, ultracapacitors and lead acid batteries for supplying the autonomous site (consumers). The wind power generator and photovoltaic panels are regulated at their maximum power to increase the penetration ratio of the renewable energy. The wind power fluctuations are dispatched between ultracapacitors and batteries according to the dynamics of each source. The using of ultracapacitors reduces the number of the battery cycles of charges and discharges, thereby improving its life and reduces its size. Because of the battery is the weak link of the system, we introduce a method to estimate its lifetime. The diesel generator is interfaced with the power electronics in aims to regulate the DC-bus voltage while compensating the difference between the load demand and the average value of the wind power. Fluctuations induced by the wind power generator are being absorbed by the storage devices. The diesel generator compensates only low frequencies energy compatible with its dynamics. This method can improve the performance of the diesel engine and can reduce the fuel consumption. The control laws of power converters and the energy transfer management methods are developed from a study of the technological characteristics of different components of the system. The modelling and sizing of the physical system is conducted in aim to perform the experimental implementation. The power electronic converters and the acquiring system (and measuring) are realised in the laboratory. During the experiments, different sources are inserted into the system in an evolutionary way to highlight the constraints and interactions introduced by each interconnected source. This also allows us to develop solutions tailored to each situation and to continue the experiments efficiently. Indeed, the insertion of a new source generally disrupts the stability of the system and often requires a readjustment of the parameters of the overall system regulation. Analyses of experimental results show the effectiveness of the strategy proposed for the energy management and the control of power converters
Saenger, Pierre. "Optimisation et gestion d'énergie d'un système hybride électrique embarqué". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD061/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe "more electric" aircrafts reduce the embedded weight, greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption. Their development requires to adapt their electrical architecture and their energy production and storage capacity.Production and storage systems must be well dimensioned to match thevehicle energy requirements. An electric hybridization integrating alithium-ion battery pack and a supercapacitor pack can respectively respond to the energy and power demands of the load.Different electrical hybridization architectures will be studied. This research project deals with the optimal designs of these storage systems on board a helicopter.In this particular application, the overall mass of the entire storagetank system must be minimized. An optimal sizing tool is developed toachieve this objective by acting on the cut-off frequency of alow-pass filter. This frequency approach, based on the most demanding mission profile in terms of energy and power, allows the allocation of power demand between our two storage systems and, therefore, their characterization.Optimization results obtained by electrical architecture using thesimulated annealing method are presented and evaluated over the entiretemperature range. An adaptation of the energy managementstrategy is also presented to evaluate the influence of temperature on battery performance
Martinez, Montana Daniel. "Supervision, analyse et optimisation des réseaux de distribution électrique avec intégration d'énergies renouvelables et des moyens de stockage d'énergie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0038.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis presents the supervision, analysis and optimization of power distribution systems considering the penetration of distributed energy resources and energy storage systems. The power distribution system planning is becoming an increasingly issue due to the deregulation of the power industry, the environmental policy changes, the introduction of new technologies and the transformation towards a smart power distribution grid definition. In consequence, the use of modeling and numerical evaluation tools is getting more attention for the system planners and operators. This has resulted in the development of a real-time experimental platform belonged to the Bank of the Energy concept. The platform covers all aspects of the challenges of future power system requirements related to the optimization of the local energy production and consumption. A hardware/software setup with emphasis to the utilization of real-time simulation and hardware in the loop testing with some typical reference applications are described. Additionally, it is proposed a novel methodology for battery energy storage systems (BESS) integration over a real distribution system using the parallel computing capabilities of the experimental platform. The placement of BESS is performed by a sensitivity analysis, while the output power rating sizing is deployed using a genetic algorithm. The outcomes of this methodology demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed parallelization technique and show that voltage profile improvement and losses reduction are possible introducing the BESS into the system
Lu, Wenqing. "Synthesis and characterization of MOF based selective membranes for energy storage systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS036.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi-S batteries are promising next generation energy storage systems due to their high energy density and low cost. However, important limitations remain such as capacity decline and short lifetime due to the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides. Modified separators have been proposed to date to solve this problem, but their performance remains limited due to the poor compatibility between the functional materials and the separator. An alternative approach is to use an interlayer, often a self-supporting film, between the sulfur cathode and the separator. Developing flexible interlayers that effectively mitigate the shuttle effect and improve Li+ transport remains however a challenge. This thesis focused on the shaping of mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) based on microporous MOFs (Metal-Organic-Frameworks) and conductive carbon in order to meet the improvement requirements of Li-S batteries.Chapter 1 presents an overview of MOFs, emphasizing their unique properties and potential applications. The advantages of MOFs and the challenges associated with their most commonly used preparation methods were also discussed. Furthermore, the chapter explored the applications of MOFs in various energy devices and focused on the use of MOF-based functional interlayers and separators in Li-S batteries.PVA is an attractive polymer matrix for MMMs due to its mechanical properties, low toxicity and low cost. Chapter 2 consisted of improving the uniformity of MOF-801(Zr)/C/PVA membranes. The maximum loading of MOF-801(Zr) in these membranes was about 25%. The electrochemical characterizations highlighted a limited performance for Li-S batteries incorporating the MOF-801(Zr)/C/PVA MMM interlayers, despite higher specific capacities than pure PVA membranes. Therefore, further research has then focused on improving the polymer permeability and increasing the filler loading to improve the performance of the interlayers.PVDF-HFP has emerged as a promising copolymer matrix for advanced Li-S batteries due to its favorable electrolyte permeability and thermal stability. In chapter 3, MOF-801(Zr)/C/PVDF-HFP MMMs were prepared and evaluated. MOF-801(Zr)/C/PVDF-HFP MMM have shown to facilitate Li+ diffusion and an efficient polysulfide immobilization. A specific capacity of 880 mA h g-1 was obtained, even after 50 cycles. Additionally, the potential of metal bisphosphonates MIL-91(Ti) and MIL-91(Al) as interlayers for Li-S batteries was investigated, given their ultra-microporosity and accessible polar groups.PEO has suitable properties for Li-S batteries, including high dielectric constant and easy Li+ solvation. It has been found that materials with acidic centers are beneficial for improving ionic conductivity and limiting polysulfide diffusion. Chapter 4 thus focused on the incorporation of MOF-801(Zr) nanoparticles, with a high specific surface and an ‘acidic’ porosity, within the PEO matrix. These MOF-801(Zr)/C/PEO MMMs exhibited high ionic conductivity, which is of interest for use as interlayers within Li-S batteries, leading to a remarkable 40% improvement in discharge capacity.Overall, the main objectives of this thesis had been achieved. This work presented the development of a novel and facile approach for the preparation of new MOF-based MMMs interlayers. This methodology could be easily extended to other MOFs to enhance the performance of Li-S systems
Croci, Lila. "Gestion de l'énergie dans un système multi-sources photovoltaïque et éolien avec stockage hybride batteries/supercondensateurs". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943296.
Pełny tekst źródłaKRüGER, Eiko. "Développement d'algorithmes de gestion optimale des systèmes de stockage énergétique basés sur des modèles adaptatifs". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT096/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLimited fossil energy resources and the prospect of impending climate change have led the European Union to engage in a restructuring of the electricity sector towards a sustainable, economical and reliable power supply. Energy storage systems have the potential of an enabling technology for the integration of renewable energy sources, which underlies this transition. They allow the delivery of energy produced by a local source to the electric grid to be shifted in time and can compensate random fluctuations in power output. Through such smoothing and levelling, energy storage systems can make the production of variable renewable sources predictable and amenable to control.In order to observe scheduled production and their commitments toward the grid operator, renewable power plants equipped with storage systems make use of an energy management system. While direct control ensures tracking of the current production setpoint, energy management employs constrained optimization methods from operations research to organize the usage of the storage systems. The complexity of the storage system model used in optimization must frequently be adapted to the specific application. Batteries show non-linear state-dependent behavior. Their model must be simplified for use in the most common optimization algorithms. Moreover, precise battery models based on physical modelling require time-consuming controlled testing for parameterization. Lastly, the electrical behavior of a battery evolves with aging which calls for regular recalibration of the model.This thesis presents a methodology for on-line battery model identification and the use of such adaptive models in optimal management of an electrical plant with energy storage. After a summary of battery models, observer methods for on-line identification based on control theory are developed for the case of an equivalent circuit model. The extraction of a simplified model for energy management is described and compared to direct regression analysis of the operational data. The identification methods are tested for a real industrial-sized storage system operated in a photovoltaic power plant on the island of La Réunion. Model identification applied to data from an earlier battery aging study shows the use of the method for tracking the state-of-health.The formulation of optimization problems encountered in the production scheduling of a photovoltaic power plant with energy storage is developed incorporating the adaptive battery models. Mixed-integer linear programming and dynamic programming implementations are used in case studies based on market integration of the plant or regulated feed-in tariffs. A simulation model based on the outline of the plant control architecture is used to simulate the operation and evaluate the solutions. Different configurations of the management system are tested, including static and variable battery models and the integration of battery aging. A statistical analysis of the results obtained for multiple cases of photovoltaic production and forecast error shows the advantage of using variable battery models in the study case
Abdelhedi, Riadh. "Optimisation d’un système de stockage hybride de l’énergie électrique avec batterie et supercondensateurs pour véhicule électrique". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1347/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work contributes to the optimization of a hybrid storage system that combines lithium-ion batteries with supercapacitors used for electric vehicles. This hybridization structure was chosen due to the complementarity between both used storage devices. Our study focuses on the implementation of advanced energy control and management techniques. Using better the storage system represents the goal of this thesis. Our approach is to develop a real time algorithm of energy management taking into account battery electrical and thermal behaviors. A comparative study evaluates the benefits and the drawbacks of each proposed strategy in order to offer various choices between low cost power sharing solutions and control strategy with high performances. An experimental bench was implemented to apply the theoretical concept
Etxeberria, Aitor. "Microgrid hybrid energy storage and control using a three-level NPC converter". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14695/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe increasing penetration of Distributed Generation systems based on Renewable Energy Sources is introducing new challenges in the current centralised electric grid. The microgrid is one of the alternatives that is being analysed in order to increase the penetration level of renewable energy sources in electrical grids and improve the power quality. The microgrid stability is highly sensitive to power variations coming from the energy sources or loads. In this context, an energy storage system is essential and it must satisfy two criteria: to have a high storage capacity to adapt the generation to the demand and to be able to supply fast power variations to overcome the power quality problems that may arise. The main objective of this thesis has been to design a power conversion system and the associated control algorithm for a storage system management in order to satisfy the defined requirements, as well as to experimentally validate the proposed solution. After an analysis of different storage system technologies, it can be concluded that there is not any storage system capable of offering the energy and power requirements at the same time. Consequently, the association of a SuperCapacitor bank and a Vanadium Redox Battery is used to satisfy the mentioned requirements. This thesis has been focused on the power and energy flow management of the proposed Hybrid Energy Storage System through an innovative power conversion system and its control method. A Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped converter has been used to control at the same time the two storage systems, due to the reduced power losses and harmonic distortion compared to other existing topologies. A control algorithm that uses the operational limits of the converter in its entire operation range has been designed in order to allow selecting the best operation point according to the specified criteria. The operation of the power conversion system and the proposed control method have been first validated in simulations and then experimentally using the microgrid installed in ESTIA
Reynaud, Jean-François. "Recherches d'optimums d'énergies pour charge/décharge d'une batterie à technologie avancée dédiée à des applications photovoltaïques". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1482/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe need of a storage function associated with intermittent power sources provides a better balance between consumption and energy production. Today, energy storage is most of the time done with conventional batteries like lead acid technology mainly for reasons of cost, reliability and commercial availability. However, the lifetime of actual storage elements, the environmental impact and the low efficiency causes the search for alternative storage facilities with lifetimes compatible with applications and functions more flexible. Lithium-ion technology today seems to be a good compromise if it is associated with an electronic precision performing various functions. This thesis focuses on optimizing lithium-ion technology used in renewable energy and the development of an associated electronics. The validation of this work has been done through photovoltaic conversion systems. The conversion efficiency of the assembly has been studied especially taking into account different charge and discharge profiles, aging and safety of batteries and the latest technological developments in battery. To validate management algorithms and qualify conversion chains, a specific test bench has been developed
Bellache, Kosseila. "Caractérisation Multi-physique des éléments de stockage électrochimique et électrostatique dédiés aux systèmes Multi sources : Approche systémique pour la gestion dynamique d'énergie électrique". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH21.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis work is a continuation of the research activities of the GREAH laboratory on the issues of the management of electrical energy and improving the energy quality of production systems for renewable energy. Indeed, the coupling of several different nature sources entails the problems of dimension, quality of energy and the lifetime of the interconnected elements. The scientific approach is based on the characterization of the evolution of the resistances and capacitances of the batteries/supercapacitors cells according to the electrical and thermal constraints, followed by the modeling of accelerated cells aging. In this thesis, we propose improvements to the dynamic response of an electric propulsion fluvial boat by using the hybrid system of lithium-batteries and supercapacitors. We also propose an electrothermal approach for the multi-physical characterization and modeling of the batteries and supercapacitors aging, using combined constraints of the temperature and frequency of the DC current ripples. The experimental data has been collected to establish models of batteries and supercapacitors dedicated to multi-source systems including renewable energy sources (wind and tidal turbines). The results of the developed models shown high accuracy compared with experimental results. These models illustrated a good description of the aging phenomenon of batteries/ supercapacitors due to charging/discharging operations with a fluctuating continuous current combined with a variable temperature
N'Goran, Arnold. "Contrôle optimal et gestion énergétique d'une station d'énergie autonome par optimisation robuste". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM050.
Pełny tekst źródłaPower microgrid control involves solving a complex optimisation problem when it must deal with the intermittent, poorly forecasted production of renewable energy sources and with the short-term dynamics of the storage devices used to address intermittency issue. This thesis aims to shed light on the compared practical performance of optimization methods in control with the implementation of different strategies, exact or approximated, analytical or numerical, deterministic, stochastic or robust
Reynaud, Jean-François. "Recherches d'optimums d'énergie pour charge/décharge d'une batterie à technologie avancée dédiée à des applications photovoltaïques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559630.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuelin, Aurélien. "Microstockage électrique pour microrobotique à énergie embarquée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2705.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn analysis of the design methods of energy autonomous microrobots carried out during this thesis highlights the fact that these methods may not be optimal, and that the performance of these microrobots could be improved through a co-design of their energy source and their motion system. This thesis work therefore addressed the following question : « Is there an advantage to using fine models for the design of a microrobot, and in particular for co-design of its battery and its displacement system? ». To answer this question, we have studied an on-board power supplied microrobot for which it is possible to size the battery, of lithium-ion chemistry and coin cell format, and the displacement system, based on the impact-drive inertial principle implemented around an electromagnetic actuator. The study of the co-design of these two components has been carried out using their coupled fine models, which have been validated experimentally during the thesis. We have shown, using these coupled models, that the optimal sizing of the whole system does not correspond to the sum of the optimal sizings of the individual components, but to a compromise difficult or impossible to determine without these coupled models, because of the cross-interactions of the effects of the design parameters. The microrobot studied during thisthesis has thus demonstrated the interest of the method used, which could be used on other microsystems, depending on their characteristics
Zhou, Zhibin. "Modeling and power control of a marine current turbine system with energy storage devices". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0094/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis models the whole power chain of a marine current turbine (MCT) system and investigates the use of energy storage devices to improve power quality and energy management capability. First, various energy storage technologies concerning their applications to address the power fluctuation phenomena in tidal current generation system are reviewed and compared. Then, a two-stage power smoothing control strategy for compensating swell-induced short-time fluctuations is proposed. The proposed control strategy uses a modified MPPT with filter strategy on the generator-side and supercapacitors on the grid-side for injecting a smoothed power to the grid. Afterwards, a flow battery system for daily energy management of a hybrid MCT/battery/diesel system is proposed. The MCT dominant power supply case and an island power supply (with diesel generators as the main source) are investigated. Finally, power limitation controls with a robust flux-weakening strategy for a PMSG-based non-pitchable MCT system are proposed for over-rated marine current speed periods. In this context, the constant power control and maximum power control modes at the flux-weakening stage are compared; and the influence of the generator parameters on the joint operating characteristics of the turbine and generator are also discussed
Gailly, Frédéric. "Alimentation électrique d'un site isolé à partir d'un générateur photovoltaïque associé à un tandem électrolyseur/pile à combustible (batterie H2/O2)". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11527/1/Gailly_Frederic.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAgbli, Kréhi Serge. "Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d'un couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM-pile à combustible PEM en vue d'une application stationnaire". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767882.
Pełny tekst źródłaRizk, Rania. "Refroidissement passif de batteries lithium pour le stockage d'énergie". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC228.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the passive cooling of lithium-ion batteries. It consists of two large parts. The first part is an experimental and numerical study of the thermal behaviour of a battery and the second part is the experimental study of a passive system for the cooling of several batteries. An experimental test bench was designed to monitor the thermal evolution of batteries subjected to different currents. The prismatic batteries studied are made of lithium-iron-phosphate and have a capacity of 60 Ah. In a first step, the thermal behaviour of a battery subjected to charge / discharge cycles is experimentally characterized. We show that the temperature is not uniform at the surface of the battery and the hottest area is identified. In a second step, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed to predict the temperature at any point of the battery. This thermal model makes it possible to predict in particular the temperatures inside the battery, not measured experimentally and this, for different currents. The model input data are from experimental trials and literature. This phase of thermal characterization of the battery is essential for the design of a cooling system. Finally, an experimental study of a passive cooling system based on heat pipes and finned plates is carried out. Several configurations are tested progressively with improvements leading finally to a system with ten heat pipes with vertical finned plates at the condenser combined with finned plates placed on the faces of the batteries
Abou, Chacra Fouad. "Valorisation et optimisation du stockage d'énergie dans un réseau d'énergie électrique". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112063.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor more than a century, electric transmission and distribution systems have been developed assuming that electric energy was almost impossible to store. Technical progress, new environmental requirements and electrical industry reforms now lead us to believe that storage in the future will be one of the main challenges in the development of power systems. Storage would have potential applications to deal with current technical constraints such as the system load, peakload value, faults in parts of the system, control issues, etc. And economic ones such as upgrades deferral, renewable energy deployment, etc. In this study, energy storage is considered in two startegic locations in the French power system: HT/MT substations and wind farms. Possible applications and economic flags are formulated and appropriate optimization methods (genetic algorithms, Pareto) are used to maximize the project net present value. This optimization results in defining optimal capacities and control strategies for the energy storage system, taken from a set of storage technologies suitable for this problem, and in assessing the technico-economic impact of energy storage as a solution in power systems
Cimuca, Gabriel-Octavian. "Système inertiel de stockage d'énergie associé à des générateurs éoliens". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001955.
Pełny tekst źródłaOrtego, Sampedro Egoï. "Étude d'un système hydropneumatique de stockage d'énergie utilisant une pompe/turbine rotodynamique". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00966927.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbdallah, Nissrine. "Etude de développement d'un concept de locomotive hybride à chaîne de traction électrique autonome propre et durable". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607487.
Pełny tekst źródłaSingo, Akassewa Tchapo. "Système d'alimentation photovoltaïque avec stockage hybride pour l'habitat énergétiquement autonome". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the oil crisis announced in recent years, the use of alternative energy is experiencing strong growth, among them; photovoltaic energy is a promising technology in terms of supply security and environmental preservation. However, it has two main disadvantages: the production of energy is not continuous and the voltage across the PV panels heavily depends on the connected load. Through our research, we propose an autonomous photovoltaic system with storage to reduce the constraints mentioned above. On one hand, an auto-adaptive MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm allows photovoltaic panels to operate according to their optimal tension, thus providing maximum power. On the other hand, the storage device has been optimized: supercapacitors are added to lead-acid batteries to obtain a hybrid storage unit. Thus, supercapacitors perform a "power" function by facing power peaks, and batteries, an "energy" function. The addition of supercapacitors preserves the batteries by avoiding deep discharge. Finally, an effective overall management allows the system to provide optimal performance
Davigny, Arnaud. "Participation aux services système de fermes d'éoliennes à vitesse variable intégrant du stockage inertiel d'énergie". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Davigny.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEkomy, Ango Blaise. "Contribution au stockage d'énergie thermique en bâtiment : déveveloppement d'un système actif à matériaux à changement de phase". Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0032.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of our thesis work is to design size and manufacture an active system to phase change materials (PCM) for cooling and warming the house Napévomo located in Aquitaine, the latter participating in the Solar Decathlon competition (SDE2010). The approach proposed is intended to provide the reader with enough knowledge in thermal storage based on PCM to tockle the design of a cooling and heating system in passive building. The approach started by a state of the art of thermal storage systems based on PCM and determines the design requirements. These data leads us to developed a numerical model based on a static approach NUT-ε through the PCM characterization determine the main dimensioning elements of the system. The design is validated according to the energy loss of the system and it performance coefficient. The system has been manufactured in full size. It consists in four heat exchanger containing the PCM. Each heat exchanger is composed by exchanger a cluster of PCM. They are arranged in staggered rows on columns of tubes. A set of experimental devices has been made to observe the improvement of the heat exchange conductivity between the environment and the heat exchanger containing the PCM. The tests performed on one of the exchangers show encouraging results. Indeed, it enables to cool down in 7-8 hours and to regenerate the PCM during of 6 hours. At the Solar Decathlon (SDE2010), the developed system has proved to be efficient in cooling down the ambient air during the 6 days of the demonstration
Abbezzot, Cédric. "Système inertiel de stockage d'énergie couplé au générateur photovoltaïque et piloté par un simulateur temps réel". Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0014/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subject is part of the strategy to increase the penetration of renewable energy in power systems, particularly those that are poorly interconnected, such as island grids. A limit of penetration of intermittent energy by 30% in instantaneous power in these electrical grids was set by a French law. To help overcome this limitation, a solution is to couple the sources of decentralized and intermittent generation with energy storage systems. In this thesis, we are interested in flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) that converts electrical energy in kinetic energy form and vice versa. FESS have a number of cycles charge / discharge large compared with electrochemical batteries and can be used to smooth the photovoltaic power generation. The fluctuation of photovoltaic instantaneous power is indeed weakly predictable over time and it cannot be controlled, including its production fall. PV production can decrease up to 80% of its maximum power in 30 seconds, and so destabilize the grid. The island grids, such as that of Corsica, are not interconnected to the mainland power grid. The non - interconnected grids are more fragile and less stable. Thus, the massive development of photovoltaic power plants can cause fluctuations in the frequency and voltage. The flywheel has the advantage of having a low response time (a few hundred milliseconds). However, it has a lower energy capacity. The benefits of FESS are used by managing it in real time with an appropriate computer. A flywheel with a power of 15 kVA and an energy capacity of 112 Wh was characterized and tested at INES Chambery using a real time grid simulator (RTLab®), a real-time computer (dSPACE®) and a PV power plant. The storage system is composed by an asynchronous electrical machine and a cylindrical steel flywheel. The Matlab Simulink / software is used to implement the control laws necessary for its control. In this thesis, the test bench is presented and the results of ancillary services (power smoothing, frequency and voltage regulation). Three power smoothing methods are discussed and evaluated (smoothing with a transfer function, with a slope limiter function and a method not using any smoothing function). The third method uses neither a transfer function, nor a function that limits the slope variations, requires fewer parameters, and is more optimal and more robust. A flywheel with another electrical machine technology (the switched reluctance machine) has also been characterized. This is an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) on which parameters such as self-discharge and efficiencies (charging mode, discharging mode and standby mode) were measured
Filion, Guillaume. "Conception d'un système de stockage inertiel d'énergie à moyen terme : développement d'outils numériques et validation expérimentale". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26585.
Pełny tekst źródłaInternal combustion engines used to propel road vehicles produce greenhouse gases, one of the probable causes of global warming, a phenomenon currently observed everywhere on the planet. The use of electric vehicles is an interesting alternative to reduce the production of those gas emissions. New battery technologies enable rapid electric vehicles recharge, a feature which might increase their adoption. In order to reduce the impact of this rapid charging on the grid, an attractive solution is to store energy during periods of low consumption and then use it rapidly to recharge the onboard batteries during high demand periods. This thesis reports the work aimed at the development of a flywheel energy storage system that would solve this problem for electric vehicles. The design of such a system requires the study of multiple disciplines related to both mechanical and electrical engineering. The areas of research presented in this thesis are rotor dynamics, materials strength and behavior and passive magnetic bearings. Several theoretical tools were developed in order to predict the behavior of the system during operation and to estimate the internal stresses induced by the rotation. These tools were theoretically validated using reference cases presented in the literature and experimentally with the help of an actual storage system developed for this research. This system was also used to validate several rotor dynamics theoretical concepts that are rarely discussed in the literature, namely the influence of the imperfections in the passive magnetic bearings on the behavior of the system. To achieve this study, radial passive magnetic bearings were developed, fabricated and characterized using a novel technique. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to use the main flaw of this type of bearing, its instability, to reduce the mechanical losses induced by the mechanical thrust bearing. Finally, the first steps of the development of a new heavy composite that uses steel wires as reinforcement are presented. Keywords: Passive magnetic bearing; Rotor dynamics; Heavy composite; Steel reinforced plastics; Experimental validation; Permanent magnet synchronous motor; Flywheel energy storage.
Difi, Siham. "Phosphates de type NASICON comme matériaux d'électrode pour batteries sodium-ion à haute densité d'énergie". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT212/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the study of phosphate based composites with NASICON type structure, that are used as electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries: Na1+xFexTi2-x (PO4)3/C et Na1+xFexSn2-x(PO4)3/C with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. These composites were synthesized by solid state route followed by a pyrolysis reaction with sucrose. They consist of particles having high porosity and coated with carbon giving to the electrode good ionic and electronic conductivity. The reaction mechanisms occurring during charge-discharge cycles were analyzed in operando mode, by X-ray diffraction, 57Fe and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopies and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For the iron-titanium composites, the mechanisms are essentially based on the diffusion of Na+ in the channels of the crystalline phases with changes of transition metal oxidation state. For iron-tin composites, the mechanisms are more complex including insertion, conversion leading to the destruction of the NASICON phases and then reversible formation of NaxSn alloys. The best electrochemical performances were obtained for Na1,5Fe0,5Ti1,5(PO4)3/C with an operating potential of 2.2 V vs. Na+/Na0. Although these two types of materials can be used at lower potential, the performances must be improved to consider their application as the negative electrode
Yassuda, Yamashita Damiela. "Hierarchical Control for Building Microgrids". Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2267.
Pełny tekst źródłaRepresenting more than one-third of global electricity consumption, buildings undergo the most important sector capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promote the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The integrated RES and electric energy storage system in buildings can assist the energy transition toward a low-carbon electricity system while allowing end-energy consumers to benefit from clean energy. Despite its valuable advantages, this innovative distributed Building Microgrids (BM) topology requires significant changes in the current electric grid, which is highly dependent on grid energy policies and technology breakthroughs.The complexity of designing a robust Energy Management System (EMS) capable of managing all electric components inside the microgrid efficiently without harming the main grid stability is one of the greatest challenge in the development of BM. To mitigate the harmful effects of unpredictable grid actors, the concept of self-consumption has been increasingly adopted. Nonetheless, further technical-economic analysis is needed to optimally manage the energy storage systems to attain higher marks of self-consumption.Faceing these issues, the purpose of this doctoral thesis is to propose a complete framework for designing a building EMS for microgrids installed in buildings capable of maximising the self-consumption rate at minimum operating cost. Among all possible control architectures, the hierarchical structure has proved effective to handle conflicting goals that are not in the same timeframe. Hence, a Hierarchical Model Predictive (HMPC) control structure was adopted to address the uncertainties in the power imbalance as well as the trade-off between costs and compliance with the French grid code.Considering that buildings are not homogeneous and require solutions tailored to their specific conditions, the proposed controller was enhanced by two data-driven modules. The first data-driven algorithm is to handle inaccuracies in HMPC internal models. Without needing to tune any parameter, this algorithm can enhance the accuracy of the battery model up to three times and improve up to ten times the precision of the hydrogen storage model. This makes the building EMS more flexible and less dependent on pre-modelling steps.The second data-oriented algorithm determines autonomously adequate parameters to HMPC to relieve the trade-off between economic and energy aspects. Relying only on power imbalance data analysis and local measurements, the proposed hierarchical controller determines which energy storage device must run daily based on the estimation of the annual self-consumption rate and the annual microgrid operating cost. These estimations decrease microgrid expenditure because it avoids grid penalties regarding the requirements of annual self-consumption and reduces the degradation and maintenance of energy storage devices.The proposed EMS also demonstrated being capable of exploiting the potentials of shifting in time the charging of batteries of plug-in electric vehicles. The simulation confirmed that the proposed controller preferably charges electric vehicles’ batteries at periods of energy surplus and discharges them during periods of energy deficit, leading the building microgrid to reduce grid energy exchange. The results also showed that electric vehicle batteries' contribution depends on the size of the vehicle parking, their arrival and departure time, and the building’s net power imbalance profile. In conclusion, through simulations using the dataset of both public and residential buildings, the proposed hierarchical building EMS proved its effectiveness to handle different kinds of energy storage devices and foster the development of forthcoming building microgrids
Bensmaine, Fayçal. "Modélisation et commande d'un système de stockage d'énergie à base de supercondensateur pour l'hybridation des groupes électrogènes". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2341.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research in this thesis are part of study and control of a new concept of hybrid generator to reduce the power of the diesel engine (downsizing) in order to save fuel and improve the behavior of the synchronous generator during transients. The adopted solution is to place in parallel with the synchronous generator an energy storage system. The latter consists of an inverter with a super capacitor on the DC bus. The aim of the thesis was to scale the entire supercapacitor / static converter and to develop a control law having the best performance with the best compromise between the energy exchanged in the supercapacitor, efficiency, the group speed and voltage amplitude of the generator. A feedback control condition with integration of the deviation using LMI's approach has been established for the synthesis of loop current regulators from the inverter.A second control law was developed to regulate the variable voltage across the supercapacitor. A simulator combining generator and storage system has been developed to test these commands.All validations were made on an experimental test rig specifically developed for this thesis. The tests were conducted with an electric drive motor in the test platform of the LIAS and with a diesel in that of the Leroy Somer Motors company.Finally, experimental tests have highlighted the significant contribution of this hybridization on the diesel speed variationsand on the terminal voltage of the alternator during impact or load shedding
Tani, Abdallah. "Structures des convertisseurs modulaires associés aux technologies de stockage : applications aux domaines résidentiels et véhicules électriques". Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is a continuation of the works based on the multi-source systems power management problems started by GREAH laboratory. It is funded by the “Haute Normandie Region”. This report presents some topologies of the DC/DC converters used in the hybrid electric vehicles applications, and the residential micro-grids ones. The studied topologies are based on the DC/DC converters such as the buck-boost and the interleaved-buck converters. Two original methods for electrical energy management in the multi-source systems are proposed and their performances are evaluated. The proposed methods enable to decouple the role of the energy source (lithium battery or fuel cell) compared to the power source (supercapacitors), and then manage the energetic exchange between the sources and the load. The proposed methods (frequency approach and distribution of the average power) consist to decompose the current of the load or the current from the pollution source into two components. The dynamic component called high frequency component is assigned to the supercapacitors, and the components which present slow variations or null called low frequency component is attributed to the lithium battery or fuel cell. For reasons of cost, the experimental test bench is carried out in the reduced scale. The obtained experimental results are used to evaluate the performance of topologies and control strategies proposed
Ortega, Del Rosario Maria de los Ángeles. "Système de stockage et transfert d'énergie par chaleur latente adaptable au rafraîchissement d’air en bâtiments : conception et analyse thermique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0197/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work aims to design and study an air-PCM heat exchanger unit as a passive solution for thermal comfort assessment in buildings during summertime, providing tools to ease the design and building integration. The PCM present a large storage capacity per volume unit where by, they can contribute to the reduction of the energy consumption related to cooling applications. Although, theyshow some drawbacks, as a low thermal conductivity in commercial PCM, so a wellthought design of these kind of systems is necessary to achieve adequate thermal performances.The first part of this thesis surveys the existing systems through a literature review,highlighting the geometry relation with the physics and thermal performance. This search provided the bases for the development of an air-PCM unit design, following a problem-solving methodology developed by the I2M laboratory. A keyword matrix was obtained from the physical phenomena and functional analysis of the unit. From this matrix, the patents analysis provided inspiration for the design resulting in a tubebundle air-PCM heat exchanger with vertical tubes aligned perpendicular to the airflow.The development of design and integration in buildings tools was sought through a modeling that can accurately predict the thermal performance of the system.Simplified models are preferred for this task. Nevertheless, they can under predict the actual performance if the physical phenomena involved is not properly accounted. Then, local and global experimental approaches were used to achieve anunderstanding of the physics associated with charging and discharging cycles in theunit. For this, a test bench was installed, measuring temperature and airflow underdifferent in let conditions, accompanied by a visual tracking through digital images.Image and data processing were used to obtain thermal performance indicators and equivalent correlations using known dimensionless numbers for convective conductive heat transfer mechanisms in the PCM.These findings allowed the development of thermal models based on energy balances, that accounted the complexity of phenomena involved in the unit for performance prediction. Finally, the thermal performance of the system was tested intwo buildings applications: as a mobile unit in a PEH house in Gradignan and as anactive façade in a building in Talence
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar y estudiar una unidad intercambiador de calor aire-PCM como presentan una solución pasiva al conforttérmico en edificios durante el verano, proporcionando herramientas para facilitar el diseño y la integración en edificios. Los PCM una gran capacidad de almacenamiento por unidad de volumen, por lo que pueden contribuir a la reducción del consumo de energía relacionado con las aplicaciones de refrigeración. Estos materiales presentan algunos inconvenientes en cual su uso, como una baja conductividad térmica, típica en PCM comerciales, por lo es necesario un diseño que tome en cuenta esta problemática para lograr rendimientos térmicos adecuados. La primera parte de esta tesis examina los sistemas existentes a través de unarevisión de la literatura, destacando la relación de geometría con los fenómenos físicos y el rendimiento térmico. Esta búsqueda proporcionó las bases para el desarrollo de un diseño de unidad aire-PCM, siguiendo una metodología de resolución de problemas desarrollada por el laboratorio I2M. Se obtuvo una matrizde palabras clave a partir de los fenómenos físicos y el análisis funcional de launidad. A partir de esta matriz, el análisis de patentes proporcionó inspiración para el diseño que dio como resultado un intercambiador de calor PCM de aire y haz detubos verticales alineados perpendicularmente al flujo de aire.El desarrollo del diseño y la integración en herramientas de edificios se buscó através de un modelo que pudiese predecir con precisión el rendimiento térmico delsistema. Los modelos simplificados son los preferidos para esta tarea. Sin embargo,su poder de predicción puede verse afectada si los fenómenos físicos involucradosno se contabilizan adecuadamente. Es por ello que se utilizaron enfoques experimentales locales y globales para lograr una comprensión de la física asociadacon los ciclos de carga y descarga en la unidad. Se realizó una instalación de unbanco de pruebas, que permitió mediciones de temperatura y flujo de aire en diferentes condiciones de entrada, acompañado de un seguimiento visual a travésde imágenes digitales. El procesamiento de imágenes y datos se utilizó para obtener indicadores de rendimiento térmico y correlaciones a partir de números adimensionales relacionados con mecanismos de transferencia de calor porconvección y conducción en el PCM.Estos hallazgos permitieron el desarrollo de modelos térmicos para la predicción delrendimiento, basados en balances de energía de cada volumen de control.Finalmente, el rendimiento térmico del sistema se probó en dos aplicaciones deedificios: como una unidad móvil en una casa PEH en Gradignan y dentro de una oficina del laboratorio I2M
Nobrega, Paixao Formiga Franklin Giovanna. "Etudes operando par SECM, ECD, et EQCM de matériaux pour le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30267.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdvancements in energy storage technologies play a crucial role in our society's quest for sustainable and efficient solutions. The challenges associated with managing renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind power, along with the increasing demand for energy, underscore the growing importance of developing high-performance energy storage materials. This thesis aligns with this dynamic by focusing on a comprehensive analysis of various materials widely used in energy storage. However, it goes beyond the conventional characterization approach that has already been validated. Its primary objective is to gain a deeper understanding of the charge transfer mechanisms specific to these materials while exploring the influence of their structure and surface charge. Several powerful analytical techniques were employed, including Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), electrochemical dilatometry (ECD), and the Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM), providing both a global and local perspective on the relevance of these materials for energy storage. Finally, by consolidating these techniques, a combination of operando approaches was used to analyze TiS2, a powerful yet complex material concerning its lithiation process. This method allowed us to delve deeper into our understanding of TiS2's two lithiation phases. In summary, the thesis aims to provide more valuable insights and shed further light on the suitability of these materials for energy storage applications, thus contributing significantly to the advancement of this critical field
Okhrimenko, Larysa Mikolaivna. "Stockage d'énergie thermique par un composite zéolite/MgSO4-H2O : étude thermocinétique du système MgSO4 – H2O et étude expérimentale des composites". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEM001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaExhaustion of fossil fuels and increase of energy demand, lead to growing interest in the development of renewable energies and energy efficient systems. Nevertheless, the gap between the supply and the demand of energy by renewable energies makes necessary the using a storage system. Among various thermals energy storage technologies, the composites formed by a porous matrix and a hygroscopic salt, allow to benefit advantage of both the adsorption/desorption capacities of the matrix and the chemical reactions of salt. The main difficulty to develop of such a system is the incomplete understanding of the involved physicochemical phenomena.The first objective of this thesis is to study the hydration and dehydration reactions of MgSO4 salt in presence of water vapor. Firstly, the physicochemical characterization of solids and isothermal and isobaric thermogravimetry experiments were carried out. It has been shown that the system is divariant and that the hydrates obtained are non-stoichiometric with localized water molecules. A thermodynamic model was developed and applied to the experimental data. In a second step, the kinetic studies of both the dehydration and hydration reactions were carried out. The rate limiting steps were defined, two kinetic models have been written and applied to the experimental results. Finally, various zeolite/MgSO4 composite materials have been synthesized. These materials have been characterized and their sorption capacity has been measured. The results show an increased sorption capacity, but only for water vapor pressures different from those used for thermal energy storage
Bilodeau, Alexis. "Développement d'une méthode de gestion du flux d'énergie pour un système à énergies renouvelables utilisant l'hydrogène comme mode de stockage". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1311/4/030023668.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBridier, Laurent. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un système de stockage couplé à une production électrique renouvelable intermittente". Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0038/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims at presenting an optimal management and sizing of an Energy Storage System (ESS) paired up with Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IReN). Firstly, wedeveloped a technico-economic model of the system which is associated with three typical scenarios of utility grid power supply: hourly smoothing based on a one-day-ahead forecast (S1), guaranteed power supply (S2) and combined scenarios (S3). This model takes the form of a large-scale non-linear optimization program. Secondly, four heuristic strategies are assessed and lead to an optimized management of the power output with storage according to the reliability, productivity, efficiency and profitability criteria. This ESS optimized management is called “Adaptive Storage Operation” (ASO). When compared to a mixed integer linear program (MILP), this optimized operation that is practicable under operational conditions gives rapidly near-optimal results. Finally, we use the ASO in ESS optimal sizing for each renewable energy: wind, wave and solar (PV). We determine the minimal sizing that complies with each scenario, by inferring the failure rate, the viable feed-in tariff of the energy, and the corresponding compliant, lost or missing energies. We also perform sensitivity analysis which highlights the importance of the ESS efficiency and of the forecasting accuracy and the strong influence of the hybridization of renewables on ESS technico-economic sizing
Butterbach, Stéphane. "Stockage d’énergie électrique par association de supercondensateurs et de batteries au plomb pour véhicule lourd". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis presents a hybrid energy storage made of lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors for an urban waste collection electrical vehicle. The simulation of the waste collection vehicle takes into account a real-world driving cycle (daily cycle based on Artemis 400), a specific energy management and the sizing of the hybrid storage. Simulations show a 20% reduction of the consumed daily energy thanks to the brake recovered energy. The battery current clipping allows the reduction of battery losses with consequences on the battery lifetime. The battery cycling test bench developed in the laboratory confirmed the increase of the battery lifespan. An important part of the document was dedicated of the lead-acid battery model. This model is based on Randles equivalent circuit and takes into account the non linear relationship of the model parameters and the battery state of charge and the current. The charge acceptance was also modeled. The parameters identification is based on chronoamperometry and electrical impedance spectroscopy
Bendjedia, Bachir. "Gestion et optimisation d’énergie électrique avec tolérance aux défauts d’un système hybride PàC/ batterie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS229.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work of this thesis is part of a theme that concerns the optimal sizing and energy management resilient to the faults of a multi-source system (hybrid) for the power supply of an electric vehicle. In our case, the storage system consists of a fuel cell as the main source and a secondary source based on a Li-ion battery. The study carried out on the sizing shows the interest of the hybridization compared to a mono-source single battery or fuel cell only system. The interest of this hybridization in terms of weight, volume and cost becomes more and more important by increasing the autonomy of the vehicle. After scaling the hybrid source for a 700 km drive range, we investigated the influence of battery technology and management methods on the performance of the source (volume, mass, cost, electrical stress applied to the components and the hydrogen consumption of the Fuel Cell / Battery system).The sizing part is followed by the development of an original energy management strategy based on the state of charge of the battery (SOC) to adapt the operating limits of the fuel cell. The results obtained with this method are compared with two other online energy management strategies namely, the frequency division method and the use of a fuzzy supervisor. The strategy developed gave good experimental results in terms of constraints seen by cells and hydrogen consumption. Despite a good sizing of the on-board source and a good optimization of the energy management method, the system is not immune from the fault and can be the seat of several faults that can appear at voltage sensors. and current. In order to ensure the service continuity of the hybrid system in the presence of these faults, a fault-tolerant control strategy has been developed in order to guarantee the stability of the hybrid Fuel Cell/ Battery system and to ensure acceptable performance in degraded mode
Ezzedine, Mariam. "Fabrication of hierarchical hybrid nanostructured electrodes based on nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotubes for Li-Ion batteries". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX105/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the bottom-up fabrication of hierarchical hybrid nanostructured materials based on active vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) decorated with nanoparticles (NPs). Owing to their unique structure and electronic properties, VACNTs act as a support matrix and an excellent current collector, and thus enhance the electronic and ionic transport pathways. The nanostructuration and the confinement of sulfur (S) in a conductive host material improve its conductivity, while the nanostructuration of silicon (Si) accommodates better the volume change during the electrochemical reactions. In the first part of the thesis, we have synthesized VACNTs by a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) method directly over aluminum and copper commercial foils without any pretreatment of the substrates. In the second part, we have decorated the sidewalls and the surface of the VACNT carpets with various LIB's active electrode materials, including S and Si NPs. We have also deposited and characterized nickel (Ni) NPs on CNTs as alternative materials for the cathode electrode. No conductive additives or any polymer binder have been added to the electrode composition. The CNTs decoration has been done systematically through two different methods: wet method by electrodeposition and dry method by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The obtained hybrid structures have been electrochemically tested separately in a coin cell against a lithium counter-electrode. Regarding the S evaporationon VACNTs, and the S@VACNTs structure, these topics are investigated for the first time to the best of our knowledge.Preliminary tests on the obtained nanostructured cathodes (S@VACNTs coated with alumina or polyaniline) have shown that it is possible to attain a specific capacity close to S theoretical storage capacity. The surface capacity of S@VACNTs, with 0.76 mg cm-2 of S, at C/20 rate reaches 1.15 mAh cm-2 at the first cycle. For the nanostructured anodes Si@VACNTs, with 4.11 mg cm-2 of Si showed an excellent surface capacity of 12.6 mAh cm-2, the highest value for nanostructured silicon anodes obtained so far. In the last part of the thesis, the fabricated nanostructured electrodes have been assembled in a full battery (Li2S/Si) and its electrochemical performances experimentally tested. The high and well-balanced surface capacities obtained for S and Si nanostructured electrodes pave the way for realization of high energy density, all-nanostructured LIBs and demonstrate the large potentialities of the proposed hierarchical hybrid nanostructures' concept
Badey, Quentin. "Étude des mécanismes et modélisation du vieillissement des batteries lithium-ion dans le cadre d'un usage automobile". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693344.
Pełny tekst źródłaMazloum, Youssef. "Modélisation dynamique et optimisation des systèmes de stockage d'énergie par air comprimé fonctionnant à pression fixe". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM076.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe contribution of the renewable energy sources in the electricity generation mix is greatly increasing. Thereby, the integration of the energy storage technologies into the electrical grid is becoming crucial to reduce the drawbacks of the renewable energy sources. Then, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, to optimize and to study the transient behavior of a novel isobaric adiabatic compressed air energy storage (IA-CAES) system. This plant is characterized by the recovery of the compression heat and the storage of the compressed air under fixed pressure in hydro-pneumatic tanks. These allow improving the efficiency and the energy density of the storage system and avoiding the use of fossil fuel sources.Firstly, a steady state model is developed to perform energy and exergy analyses of the IA-CAES system. An exergoeconomic model is also carried out in order to optimize the cost-effectiveness of the storage system by using a genetic algorithm. So, an objective function, which includes the investment cost and the operating cost, is defined to be minimized. The system efficiency is 55.1% in the base case, it is improved to 56.6% after optimization with a decrease in the capital investment by 5.6%.Secondly, a dynamic model is developed to study the flexibility of the storage system and its ability to meet the electrical grid requirements (primary and secondary reserves) by evaluating the duration of the transient states. The results show that the storage system needs more than 2 min before being able to consume all the excess energy available on the electrical grid and more than 5 min before being able to produce all the energy required by the electrical grid. Suggestions are analyzed to improve the flexibility of the storage system such as the operation of the storage system in standby mode with low speeds. It allows reducing the energy losses by 68% during the storage mode and by 27% during the production mode compared to the standby mode in nominal speeds
Chuenwattanapraniti, Chokchai. "Study of energy management strategies in the grid-connected photovoltaic system with energy storage". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20158.
Pełny tekst źródłaCome, Jérémy. "Caractérisation électrochimique de matériaux à insertion de Li pour supercondensateurs hybrides à haute densité d'énergie". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1910/.
Pełny tekst źródłaElectrochemical characterizations of Li-ion insertion compounds were performed to assess their power performances. They were used to design hybrid supercapacitors with high energy density, by i) increasing the specific capacity by using a LiFePO4, ii) increasing the operating voltage by using Ti2C, a new compound obtained from exfoliation of a MAX phase, and iii) using a pseudocapacitive material, Nb2O5, that enables to achieve high energy with no power loss. In the latter, the pseudo-intercalation charge storage mechanism was characterized for the first time as an intrinsic property of the material. It involves Li insertion in the bulk in a one-phase system without diffusion limitation, unlike most battery materials. This phenomenon enabled to achieve high capacity values for short charge/discharge times, consistent with supercapacitors time constant. These results highlight the interest of faradic materials for designing high energy density power devices
Simpore, Sidiki. "Modélisation, simulation et optimisation d'un système de stockage à air comprimé couplé à un bâtiment et à une production photovoltaïque". Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0039/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to the variability and intermittency of renewable energy such as solar technology, its large-scale integration into the micro-grid of energy production remains complicated because the large-scale photovoltaic power plants directly connected to the electricity grid may create instabilities. In addition, this variability of the solar resource does not allow the use of photovoltaics for the stand-alone system. Dealing with these issues, one of the solutions for a deployment of renewables such as photovoltaic is the set-up of energy storage inside the grid. However, the most common technique is based on the use of lithium-ion batteries, which remains not environmentally friendly during the recycling or during the destruction after their use. So, the Compressed Air Energy Storage system (CAES) appears as a solution to this disadvantage. In fact, my thesis aims to study the feasibility of this kind of energy storage technology using a small and medium photovoltaic power plant, and its instant operation to supply electricity to the buildings and the unconnected areas. In this thesis, we present the modeling, simulation, and optimization of a ten-kilowatt compressed air storage system designed to supply instantly a building with real loads. The model performed reflects the dynamic operation of the overall system consisting of the building, the photovoltaic field, the electrical grid, and the compressed air storage module. The optimization carried out allows the sizing of a compressed air storage system with a better efficiency (about 55%). The integration of a heat recovery unit equipped with electrical resistance and the adding of a variable speed compression module allow the building to reach the energy autonomy as a battery system for a standalone site
Dulout, Jérémy. "Dimensionnement et gestion optimaux d'éléments de stockage pour le déploiement de sources renouvelables, réalisation d'un micro-réseau LVDC". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30331/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBecause of our global high consumption of fossil fuels, these resources are becoming scarce and the environmental equilibrium of the Earth is endangered. Other energy sources are developed in order to build a new diversified and decarbonised energy mix. For example, in an urban context, the solar photovoltaic system has many assets such as the decentralized production of electricity, easy integration in buildings, transportation losses reduction, no sound during production, low environmental impact, etc. However, the production of this energy source is highly varying, difficult to predict (several timescales, from the cloud shadows to seasonal meteorological variations) and not correlated across time with our consumption needs. In order to enable a massive penetration of renewable energy sources in our conventional grid, the use of energy storage systems (e.g. electrochemical storage) seems a promising solution, taking into account the costs, supply security, technological maturity and ease of set up. Hence, new microgrids constituted by decentralized energy sources and energy storage systems have been developed in order to replace or complement the main centralized grid by ensuring some support functions (i.e. enhancement of the grid stability, black-start operation, replacement of diesel generators, etc.). The consumers become actors able to inject a part of all their surplus energy to the main grid, if the operation is accepted by the transmission system operator. A new business model is to define, especially in the case of putting a valuation on the functions that can help the main grid. During this thesis, several years of data from production and consumption of a photovoltaic building have been analysed in order to define the operating profile of an energy storage system that ensures the equilibrium of the microgrid. A behavioural model taking into account the ageing has been made for three storage technologies: lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. It enables the optimal sizing, the hybrid association of storage systems, and the optimal energy management of the microgrid. Several criteria assessing the operation of microgrids have been studied (e.g. annual cost of the storage system, self-consumption rate, loss of load probability, etc.). A multi-objective methodology, based on Pareto optimality, has been developed in order to optimize economic, environmental, and autonomy aspects. A low voltage DC prototype of some kilowatts has been developed for validating the different concepts presented in this thesis
Lacressonnière, Fabien. "Conception de structures de conversion d'énergie à double fonctionnalité pour chariots électriques de manutention". Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0205.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, in electric industrial trucks, two distinct power converters are used : on the one hand a speed controller and on the other hand a battery charger. The aim of the study is to use the existing components (speed controller) to realize a battery charger in order to reduce the cost and improve performances. To undertake this study, two industrial trucks have been selected : a transpallet with DC motorization and a fork lift truck with AC motorization. After a brief reminder on the technologies and standards to respect (harmonic pollution, galvanic isolation), the choice of the topology was made on the CUK converter with a galvanic isolation for the transpallet and on a P. W. M. Inverter/rectifier for the fork lift truck. A mechanical study for the two industrials trucks has allowed to conclude on the effectiveness from the regenerative braking. In order to analyse the influence of a charging current with a sinusoidal perturbation on the performances of the lead-acid battery, the electrical model has been introduced. For the transpallet, the full analyse (dimensioning, dynamical model, snubber) of the CUK converter has been done. For the fork lift truck, the induction motor is directly coupled at the main wheel and it is used like as a transformer during the charge of the battery. A dimensioning study of the motor has been presented and its interaction with the P. W. M. Inverter/rectifier has been analysed
Jabbour, Lara. "Utilisation de procédés papetiers et de fibres cellulosiques pour l'élaboration de batteries Li-ion Elaboration of Li-ion batteries using cellulose fibers and papermaking techniques". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998372.
Pełny tekst źródłaNasser, Mohamed. "Supervision de sources de production d'électricité hybrides éolien/hydraulique dans les réseaux d'énergie interconnectés ou isolés". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00593845.
Pełny tekst źródłaRouault, Fabien. "Système intégré de rafraîchissement d’air pour le bâtiment à base de matériaux à changement de phase". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAir-cooling systems using latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) are potential alternatives to air-conditioners for summer climate control in buildings. However, the performances of such systems are tightly linked to weather conditions and the configuration of the building to be cooled. The aim of this doctoral work is to develop a design support tool allowing optimally dimensioning an air-cooling system using phase change material at the preliminary design stage. A dynamic thermal model, simulating the behaviour an LHTES device exchanging with air, is developed and coupled with a building performance program. The LHTES and the co-simulation models are validated by comparison with experiments carried out on two prototypes of LHTES device and the experimental platform of zero energy building NAPEVOMO. Finally, a first design support tool using genetic algorithm is developed to define the optimal configuration of an air-cooling system for the summer comfort in « NAPEVOMO » house
Redondo, Iglesias Eduardo. "Étude du vieillissement des batteries lithium-ion dans les applications "véhicule électrique" : combinaison des effets de vieillissement calendaire et de cyclage". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1203/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaStudying the ageing of batteries is necessary because the degradation of their features largely determines the cost, the performances and the environmental impact of electric vehicles, particularly of full electric vehicles. The chosen method in this thesis is divided in two distinct phases, namely characterisation and modelling. The first phase is based on accelerated ageing testing of battery cells. Despite being accelerated, ageing test campaigns are expensive in terms of workforce and equipments: an a priori knowledge of ageing factors is necessary, either by the means of bibliographic studies or by performing preliminary test campaigns. These initial studies lead to an experimental design setup including a certain number of ageing tests. The obtained results may reveal the influence of use conditions on the degradation of batteries. In the second phase, the battery ageing is modelled applying the knowledge acquired in the first phase. Here, the ageing laws are generalised to predict the performance degradation of a battery subjected to variable use conditions. The resulting ageing model can be used to optimally design and use the battery in a vehicle by minimising both energy and natural resources consumption. Given that battery degradation occurs in a different way if the battery is in rest condition or if a current flows through, a major challenge is to determine how calendar and cycling ageing effects combine together. In electric vehicle applications, batteries are not used (in rest condition) most of the time and current levels are relatively low when they are used. The results from accelerated ageing tests which have been carried out during this thesis confirm the non-linearity of the combination of calendar and cycling ageing when usage profiles are applied to the batteries. The usage profiles are similar to the considered application: the electric vehicle. In the last chapter of this manuscript a simple but effective ageing model is proposed. It lies in a low number of equations (2) and parameters (6) and enables to simulate the capacity fade of a battery cell subjected to ageing conditions combining cycling and rest periods. The application examples prove the usefulness of this model for the development of battery use strategies for the purpose of extending their lifespan
Ouarnoughi, Hamza. "Placement autonomique de machines virtuelles sur un système de stockage hybride dans un cloud IaaS". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0055/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIaaS cloud providers offer virtualized resources (CPU, storage, and network) as Virtual Machines(VM). The growth and highly competitive nature of this economy has compelled them to optimize the use of their data centers, in order to offer attractive services at a lower cost. In addition to investments related to infrastructure purchase and cost of use, energy efficiency is a major point of expenditure (2% of world consumption) and is constantly increasing. Its control represents a vital opportunity. From a technical point of view, the control of energy consumption is mainly based on consolidation approaches. These approaches, which exclusively take into account the CPU use of physical machines (PM) for the VM placement, present however many drawbacks. Indeed, recent studies have shown that storage systems and disk I/O represent a significant part of the data center energy consumption (between 14% and 40%).In this thesis we propose a new autonomic model for VM placement optimization based on MAPEK (Monitor, Analyze, Plan, Execute, Knowledge) whereby in addition to CPU, VM I/O and related storage systems are considered. Our first contribution proposes a multilevel VM I/O tracer which overcomes the limitations of existing I/O monitoring tools. In the Analyze step, the collected I/O traces are introduced in a cost model which takes into account the VM I/O profile, the storage system characteristics, and the cloud environment constraints. We also analyze the complementarity between the two main storage classes, resulting in a hybrid storage model exploiting the advantages of each. Indeed, Hard Disk Drives (HDD) represent energy-intensive and inefficient devices compared to compute units. However, their low cost per gigabyte and their long lifetime may constitute positive arguments. Unlike HDD, flash-based Solid-State Disks (SSD) are more efficient and consume less power, but their high cost per gigabyte and their short lifetime (compared to HDD) represent major constraints. The Plan phase has initially resulted in an extension of CloudSim to take into account VM I/O, the hybrid nature of the storage system, as well as the implementation of the previously proposed cost model. Secondly, we proposed several heuristics based on our cost model, integrated and evaluated using CloudSim. Finally, we showed that our contribution improves existing approaches of VM placement optimization by a factor of three