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Klimchuk, Keith Adrian. "Synthesis, characterization, and testing of acrylamide-based polymers". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ34492.pdf.
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Abdollahi, Banouei Zohreh. "Inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide: synthesis, mechanism and monitoring". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12661.
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Polyacrylamides (PAAMs) including both homo- and copolymers of acrylamide constitute the largest group of water soluble polymers which are used in various industrial applications. The common industrial method for the synthesis of high molecular weight PAAMs is inverse emulsion polymerization (IEP); however, considerable disagreement exists regarding the mechanism of IEP. Besides, the high polymerization rate of acrylamide has made the controllability of this system challenging for the industry. A new IEP recipe for synthesis of polyacrylamide using an industrial solvent (D80) and oil soluble initiator azobisiosbutyronitrile (AIBN) was developed in this study. The samples from the IEP reactor were monitored using TEM and optical microscopy for particle size and structure of latex while gravimetric method was applied for monitoring monomer conversion. The results indicated that the locus of reaction is micelles; however, with an increase in initiator concentration or a decrease in emulsifier concentration, the droplets also serve as loci of polymerization. As the alteration of electrical properties with any reaction is rapid, the novel idea of following IEP reactor using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was examined. Firstly, EIS successfully could detect critical micelle concentration of the emulsifier in the oils. We found that at the CMC a transition in conductance-concentration graph of the emulsifier/oils mixture at 1Hz occurs. From the slope of the graph after CMC, characteristics of the micelles were deduced. More importantly, we found that by using EIS it is feasible to monitor the key parameters of polymerization, such as monomer conversion and particles size and their number. The comparison of electrical responses of IEP using the oil soluble initiator with the redox initiator with definite droplet nucleation confirmed that droplet or micellar nucleation can be distinguished from electrical response of the reaction
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Ayazoglu, Neslihan. "Synthesis And Characterization Of Hydrogels From Allyl Methacrylate And Acrylamide Copolymer". Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613098/index.pdf.
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Acrylamide based hydrogels were synthesized through copolymerization reaction of allyl methacrylate with acrylamide. Copolymerization reactions were carried out with solution polymerization in tetrahydrofuran by using &alpha-&alpha
-azoisobutyronitrile as an initiator at 60 0 C. Three copolymer compositions were studied having 5, 15, 25 molar percentage of allyl methacrylate as feed concentrations. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, TGA and GPC. 1H-NMR spectra were used to confirm the chemical structures of the copolymers and to determine the comonomer compositions of the copolymers. DSC and TGA analysis were conducted to determine the thermal properties of the copolymers and TGA results showed that copolymers have two step degradation behavior. Molecular weights of the copolymers were determined by GPC. Swelling capacities of the obtained hydrogels were investigated and swelling capacity of the gels reached to 77% as maximum value.
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Dotson, Michael Edward. "Improvements in Pamam Dendrimer Synthesis". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998323664.
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Букартик, Н. М., О. М. Шевчук, С. Г. Борова, М. Р. Чобіт i В. С. Токарев. "Синтез та дослідження суперабсорбуючих гідрогелів на основі акриламіду". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52785.
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Останнім часом в світі проводяться інтенсивні дослідження з синтезу і вивчення властивостей полімерних гідрогелів через перспективність їх застосування в багатьох галузях, зокрема, в харчовій промисловості (як загущуючі агенти і т.п.), у фармацевтиці (як препарати для зв‘язування та контрольованого вивільнення ліків), електронних приладах та техніці (мікролінзи, лінзи зі змінною геометрією, матеріали для захисту від корозії і коротких замикань), біомедицині (для тканинної інженерії та регенеративної медицини, протиопікових пов’язок) тощо.
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Roos, Kevin. "Polyethers and polyamide-3 synthesis by monomer activated anionic polymerization". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0331/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse traitent de la polymérisation anionique combinée à deux méthodologies différentes d’activation du monomère visant à contrôler les réactivités des monomères et/ou des espèces actives lors de la propagation pour la synthèse de polyéthers et de polyamide-3. L’étude de nouveaux systèmes efficaces d’amorçage/propagation à base de magnésium et d’aluminium pour la polymérisation anionique par ouverture de cycles des époxydes substitués est présentée. Deux types de polyéthers réticulables ont également été synthétisés par l’utilisation de bromure de tétraoctylammonium et de triisobutyl-aluminium. Dans le premier cas, l’objectif est d’incorporer des fonctions furane pendantes le long des chaînes polyéthers. Dans le second cas il s’agit d’introduire des doubles liaisons au sein même du squelette polyéther. Les réticulations ont ensuite été effectuées thermiquement par le biais d’une chimie réversible de type Diels-Alder entre groupement furane et maléimide pour le premier cas et par vulcanisation pour le deuxième. Enfin, une étude menant à une compréhension mécanistique a été conduite sur la synthèse de polyamide-3 en masse par polymérisation par transfert d’hydrogène à partir de l’acrylamideThe studies presented in this thesis report on the use of the anionic polymerization with two different methodologies of monomer activation aiming to control the reactivity of monomers and/or growing species for the synthesis of polyethers and polyamide-3. New magnesium/aluminium active systems efficient for the anionic ringopening polymerization of substituted epoxides are proposed and developed. Cross-linkable polyethers were also synthesized by using the combination of tetraoctylammonium bromide with triisobutylaluminum. Furan groups or double bonds were introduced as pendant or inchain functions respectively in polyether-based materials. The so-formed polymers were cross-linked using reversible Diels-Alder reaction between furan and maleimide, and vulcanization for the double bonds. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of the hydrogentransfer polymerization of acrylamide in bulk conditions as a sustainable route to get polyamide-3
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Букартик, Н. М., М. Р. Чобіт, Р. М. Білозір, В. С. Токарев i С. Г. Борова. "Одержання карбоксил-І аміновмісних гідрогелів на основі акриламіду". Thesis, Cумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46480.
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На сьогоднішній день проводяться інтенсивні дослідження з синтезу та
дослідження полімерних гідрогелів через перспективність їх застосування в багатьох
галузях, зокрема, в харчовій промисловості, фармацевтиці, електронних приладах та техніці, біомедицині та біоінженерії. Фізико-хімічні та механічні властивості
гідрогелів, а, отже, і сфери їх можливого використання визначаються природою
полімеру, ступенем структурування, співвідношенням полімер : вода.
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Siyambalagoda, Gamage Pubudu Hasanka. "Synthesis and applications of ruthenium(II)quaterpyridinium complexes and Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide/ acrylic acid copolymers". Diss., Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4621.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Chemistry
Stefan Bossmann
Tris-homoleptic ruthenium(II)-quaterpyridyl and quaterpyridinium complexes, with +8 and +14 charge were synthesized by utilizing high pressure reaction pathway. These complexes have diameters ranging from 1.82 to 4.55 nm according to the molecular modeling calculations. These ruthenium complexes are highly luminescent and contain long excited state life times. The novel ruthenium(II)-quaterpyridinium complexes exhibit superior reactivity as sensitizer-relay-assemblies (SRA‟s) in sacrificial systems for water and carbon dioxide reductions, while harvesting the ultraviolet- and most of the visible fraction of the incident solar spectrum. Ru(II)-quaterpyridinium complexes and Pd/TiO2 catalysts were successfully used as the catalytic system for the photo catalytic reduction of water and carbon dioxide to hydrogen and methane respectively. Phosphonate-tethered Ru(II)-quaterpyridinium complexes were synthesized from Ru(II)-tris-quaterpyridyl complexes. These complexes form stable adhesive layers on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. A series of differential pulse voltammetry experiments were carried out to measure the ground state and excited state redox potentials of all the Ru(II)quaterpyridinium complexes. The reductive potentials obtained were compared with the reductive potentials of CO2 to CH4 and H2O to H2 reductions. The measurements obtained from the experiments confirmed that it is possible to thermodynamically oxidize water and reduce CO2 by using phosphonate-tethered Ru(II)-quaterpyridinium complexes. These complexes are successfully utilized as prototypes for mycobacterial channel blockers. The Ru(II) complexes show distinct changes in their luminescence spectra when bound to the porin MspA from M. smegmatis, which is a non-pathogenic relative of M. tuberculosis. By using HPLC, we have determined binding constants of the Ru(II)-complexes to MspA in phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH = 6.8) ranging from 5.2 x 109 M-1 (Ru-C2) to 1.8 x 109 M-1 (Ru-C4). Our findings indicate that channel blocking is a promising treatment strategy for mycobacterial infections. Poly-N-isopropyl-acrylamide/acetic acid copolymers were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The average composition of the copolymers determined from CHN analysis is in excellent correlation with the feed composition indicating that the radical polymerization process is indeed statistical. Crosslinking of individual polymer chains permitted the generation of ultraflat layers on Mica surfaces by a simple spin-casting procedure, which are able to host the mycobacterial channel protein MspA, while retaining its channel function.
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Bui, Nhat Thi Hong. "Polyhydroxyl and Polyphosphorylcholine functionalized Silica for Hydrophilic interaction liquid Chromatography- Synthesis, characterization and application". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60600.
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This thesis focuses on the development of new stationary phases for use in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using TRIS-based and phosphorylcholine typed monomers and porous silica particles as starting substrates. In this thesis, several ways of polymerizing highly hydrophilic monomers onto pore surfaces of silica supports are described, based on several “grafting from” schemes. “Controlled/living” radical polymerizations including atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and iniferter-mediated polymerization in conjunction with conventional free radical polymerization are demonstrated to be successful tools for grafting different hydrophilic monomers (polyhydroxyl and phosphorylcholine [meth]acrylamide/acrylates) onto the silica surfaces. Reaction solvents are proven to play an essential role to achieve efficient graft polymerization of activated silica surfaces with these amphiphilic vinylic monomers, which is difficult because of their restricted access to the activated surface in solvents that can be used because of solubility constraints. Two tentacle TRIS-based polymer grafted silica, namely TRIS-WAX – TRIS functionality bonded to silica via a C–N–C imine bond and TRIS-Amide – TRIS bonded to silica via an amide bond, prove to be useful as stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC).The TRIS-WAX exhibits a mixed mode hydrophilic partitioning and weak anion exchange (HILIC/WAX) retention mechanism while retention by hydrophilic partitioning is the dominant mechanism on the neutral TRIS-Amide phase which lacks weak anion exchange (WAX) properties. Interestingly, both these phases have selectivities that are radically different from most commercial HILIC stationary phases. Finally, a method is demonstrated for synthesizing a stratified (graft-copolymerized) silica material based on N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) using a “controlled/living” photoiniferter-mediated polymerization from the N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate iniferter moiety immobilized silica surfaces. This polymerization method proves to be successful for graft-blockcopolymerization of different highly hydrophilic monomers onto the activated surfaces of porous silica. In this way, silica surfaces are grafted with a cross-linked amide-based hydrogel, on top of which a tentacle zwitterionic phosphorylcholine-typed layer is synthesized. The resulted material proves to be useful for HILIC separations and possesses different selectivity for the tested organic acids compared to that of commercial ZIC-cHILIC stationary phase.
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Åberg, Ola. "Design and Synthesis of 11C-Labelled Compound Libraries for the Molecular Imaging of EGFr, VEGFr-2, AT1 and AT2 Receptors : Transition-Metal Mediated Carbonylations Using [11C]Carbon Monoxide". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biokemi och organisk kemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-98599.
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This work deals with radiochemistry and new approaches to develop novel PET tracers labelled with the radionuclide 11C. Two methods for the synthesis of 11C-labelled acrylamides have been explored. First, [1-11C]-acrylic acid was obtained from a palladium(0)-mediated 11C-carboxylation of acetylene with [11C]carbon monoxide; this could be converted to the corresponding acyl chloride and then combined with benzylamine to form N-benzyl[carbonyl-11C]acrylamide. In the second method, the palladium(0)-mediated carbonylation of vinyl halides with [11C]carbon monoxide was explored. This latter method, yielded labelled acrylamides in a single step with retention of configuration at the C=C double bond, and required less amine compared to the acetylene method. The vinyl halide method was used to synthesize a library of 11C-labelled EGFr-inhibitors in 7-61% decay corrected radiochemical yield via a combinatorial approach. The compounds were designed to target either the active or the inactive form of EGFr, following computational docking studies. The rhodium(I)-mediated carbonylative cross-coupling of an azide and an amine was shown to be a very general reaction and was used to synthesize a library of dual VEGFr-2/PDGFrβ inhibitors that were 11C-labelled at the urea position in 38-78% dc rcy. The angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist eprosartan was 11C-labelled at one of the carboxyl groups in one step using a palladium(0)-mediated carboxylation. Autoradiography shows specific binding in rat kidney, lung and adrenal cortex, and organ distribution shows a high accumulation in the intestines, kidneys and liver. Specific binding in frozen sections of human adrenal incidentalomas warrants further investigations of this tracer. Three angiotensin II AT2 ligands were 11C-labelled at the amide group in a palladium(0)-mediated aminocarbonylation in 16-36% dc rcy. One of the compounds was evaluated using in vitro using autoradiography, and in vivo using organ distribution and animal PET. The compound was metabolized fast and excreted via urine. High radioactivity was also found in the liver, meaning that more metabolically stable compounds are desirable for future development.
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Al-Massaedh, Ayat Allah Turki [Verfasser], i Ute [Akademischer Betreuer] Pyell. "Adamantyl-Group Containing Mixed-Mode Acrylamide-Based Continuous Beds for Capillary Electrochromatography: Synthesis, Characterization, Optimization and Investigation of the Chromatographic Efficiency / "Ayat Allah" Turki Al-Massaedh. Betreuer: Ute Pyell". Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052994660/34.
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Dasgupta, A. "Synthesis, polymerization and characterization of protected acrylamides". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1995. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2813.
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Berihie, Girma Kibatu. "Coordination chemistry of acrylamide and N-pyrazolylprapanamide: syntheses and structures". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982724039.
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Yu, Youlu. "Syntheses, NMR characterization and binding properties of poly(N-alkyl acrylamide)s". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41796.
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The kinetics of the functionalization of linear and cross-linked poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and its low-molecular-weight analogs by reactions with various amines in a series of binary solvents or in the solid state have been studied in situ by $ sp{13}$C NMR. Fitting the kinetic data of reactions of PMA with ethanolamine and n-hexylamine (HAN) in DMSO-rich solvent by use of the neighboring-group model shows an auto-acceleration effect due to hydrogen-bonding and/or polar interactions, and hydrophobic interactions; however, PMA and cyclohexane-methylamine shows an auto-retardation effect due to strong steric hindrance. At low extent of reaction the steric effect dominates the kinetics of the reaction of PMA with benzylamine, but hydrophobic interactions become predominant at high extent of reaction. Monomer sequence distributions of the partially functionalized PMA for some of these reactions are not in accord with the predictions of the neighboring-group model, probably due to the long-range neighboring-group effects and/or side reactions.Despite a pseudo-first order behavior with respect to the concentration of ester groups found for the reaction of cross-linked PMA with HAN, a mono-amine, deviations from first order behavior were also observed for reactions with multi-functional amines. This is due to the formation of extra cross-links, which restrict the diffusion of amines within the polymeric beads, and is confirmed by NMR studies of the chain mobility using the dipolar dephasing technique by the measurement of the decay time constants.
Studies of the binding of bile acid anions by metal-containing polymeric resins, obtained from amine-functionalized PMA and poly(glycidyl methacrylate), show that the type of metal ion and the complexes formed between metal ions and functional groups play a more important role in the binding than factors such as the hydrophobicity of polymer backbones, the structures of functional groups, and the introduction of a spacer between the functional group and the backbone. It is proposed, in addition to the conventional ion exchange process, ligand exchange is involved in the binding mechanism. This is confirmed by results of $ sp{15}$N NMR and proton spin-lattice relaxation time experiments.
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Hua, Zan. "Synthetic nucleobase-containing acrylamide polymers and their applications in aqueous solutions". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106792/.
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This thesis explores the synthesis and self-assembly of nucleobase-containing acrylamide amphiphiles and investigates their self-assembly behaviors and potential applications in aqueous solutions. In Chapter 1, the synthesis and self-assembly of block copolymers are briefly introduced. Then the effect of H-bonding interactions on self-assembly behaviours is highlighted. Finally, an overview of the synthesis, self-assembly and applications of synthetic nucleobase-containing polymers is presented. Chapter 2 investigates the effect of complementary nucleobase interactions within micellar cores on the morphologies of self-assemblies in aqueous solutions. Self-assemblies with different core sizes of thymine are fabricated and their morphological transitions with introducing complementary copolymers are studied as well. Chapter 3 systematically explores the pathway-dependent and complementary chain-selective morphological transitions of micelles with a thymine core. In addition, the complementary H-bonding within micellar cores is utilized to prepare a series of worms with different lengths and widths in aqueous media. Chapter 4 builds on the knowledge obtained in the previous Chapters. A series of mixed corona micelles are fabricated through a simple supramolecular ‘grafting-to’ approach. By introducing protein ligands and environment-sensitive fluorophores at the end of corona, the reveal and concealment of functional groups on the micelle surface through heating and cooling are investigated. Chapter 5 reveals the synergetic H-bonding and thymine photodimerization give a novel polymer fluorescent dots. A number of factors are investigated on the observed fluorescent properties, including the effect of blocking H-bonding interactions and changing the degree of core-crosslinking. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions of Chapters 2-5 and provides some insights and outlines for the future work.
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Maesano, Jean-Claude. "Synthese de copolymeres acrylamides presentant des proprietes reductrices de la trainee hydrodynamique". Toulon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUL0008.
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Nous avons realise la copolymerisation de l'acrylamide en proportion variable de 0 a 100% avec une serie de monomeres de type: o h h ch#2 = ch - c - n - c - r#2 r#1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 r1 me ipr benzyl h h me benzyl r2 cooh ch#2cooh coch#3 les monomeres 1, 2, 3, 6 et 7 sont optiquement actifs. Le monomere racemique de type 1 a ete aussi prepare. Les rapports de reactivite des monomeres 1, 2, et 3 avec l'acrylamide ont ete determines par rmn #1#3c. Les couples (r#a ; r#b) valent respectivement (0,65 ; 0,64), (0,67 ; 0,91) et (0,40 ; 0,91). Les masses molaires des copolymeres et les caracteristiques dimensionnelles determinees par diffusion de la lumiere montrent que les copolymeres optiquement actifs ont des structures plus compactes que leurs homologues inactifs. Un traitement de brewster des donnees polarimetriques montre un enroulement gauche de la chaine principale. Les poly(acrylamide-co-n acryloyl amino acide) ont des proprietes reductrices de trainee elevees et particulierement persistantes dans le temps. Les copolymeres a base de 1, 2, et 3 ont ete incorpores a des revetements autopolissants. Les conditions d'optimisation de leurs proprietes reductrices de trainee ont ete definies
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Rodrigues, Stefani Becker. "Sistemas adesivos a base de acrilamidas : síntese, caracterização e desenvolvimento". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/152685.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar e caracterizar monômeros metacrilamidas, desenvolver, caracterizar e avaliar as propriedades de sistemas adesivo convencional de três passos. Foram sintetizadas bis(metacrilamida)s e tris(metacrilamida) e caracterizadas por espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de 1H e 13C, por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com Espectrometria de Massas (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial Modulada (MDSC). Quatro bis(metacrilamidas), (1) N,N’-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(N-ethyl-2-methylacrylamide), (2) N,N’-(octane-1,8-diyl)bis(2-methylacrylamide), (3) N,N’-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(2-methacrylamide) e (4) N,N’-(1,4 phenylene)bis(2-methylacrylamide)monômero (1), (2), (3) e (4), e uma tris(metacrilamida) TMA, foram sintetizadas. Pela análise de FTIR-ATR foram observadas as bandas correspondentes ao estiramento do grupo C=O (1660 cm-1), C=C (1610 cm-1), N-H (3300 cm-1) e C-N (1520 cm-1). As análises de RMN identificaram a presença das ligações duplas referentes aos grupos metacrilamidas em deslocamentos químicos entre 5,3 e 5,8 ppm para 1H e entre 120 e 140 ppm para 13C.Os valores de massa exata m/z foram: 267,2068, 281,2222, 225,1595, 245,1283 e 351,2385 g/mol para os monômeros (1), (2), (3), (4) e TMA, respectivamente. A cinética de polimerização do TMA e dos adesivos experimentais contendo 2-hidroxietil acrilamida (HEAA) ou 2-hidroxietil metacrilato (HEMA) com as seguintes formulações foram investigadas por meio de DSC-PCA, n=3: TMA33%/HEAA66%, TMA50%/HEAA50%, TMA66%/HEAA33%, TMA50%/HEMA50%, BisGMA/HEAA/TMA e BisGMA/HEMA.Características e propriedades mecânicas das resinas adesivas BisGMA/HEAA/TMA e BisGMA/HEMA foram avaliadas por resistência coesiva (UTS, n=5), degradação em solvente (ΔKHN, n=5), ângulo de contato (n=5), microtração (μTBS, n=20) e análise de fratura. Um primer a base de acrilamidas foi desenvolvido (H2O/HEAA/AMPS) (2-acrylamida-2-methilpropano ácido sulfônico) para ser utilizado no grupo experimental com metacrilamidas. Os valores de pH e ângulo de contato do primer experimental foram comparados com o primer do ScotchBond Multi-purpose (grupo controle). O monômero (1) resultou em um monômero amarelo claro de baixa viscosidade, entretanto, não apresentou foto ou termopolimerização. A energia de ativação determinada pelo método de Kissinger foi – 165,8 kJmol-1; -182,7 kJmol-1 e -156,7 kJmol-1 para os monômeros (2), (3) e (4), respectivamente. Sistemas adesivos convencionais de três passos a base de metacrilamidas e a base de metacrilatos foram desenvolvidos. Resinas adesivas contendo somente HEAA e TMA (TMA33%/HEAA66%, TMA50%/HEAA50%, TMA66%/HEAA33%) apresentaram grau de conversão abaixo de 40% após 40 s de fotoativação. Alto grau de conversão (acima de 60%) só foi encontrado para as resinas adesivas BisGMA/HEAA/TMA e BisGMA/HEMA e sem diferença significativa entre elas, p>0,05. Os valores de UTS (BisGMA/HEMA- 67,7 ±5 MPa e BisGMA/HEAA/TMA- 60,5 ±7 MPa), μTBS (BisGMA/HEMA- 57 ± 14 MPa e BisGMA/HEAA/TMA- 53,1 ±15 MPa) e ângulo de contato (BisGMA/HEMA- 39,5 ±9 e BisGMA/HEAA/TMA- 46,7 ±15) não apresentaram diferença estatística, p>0.05. O primer experimental apresentou um valor pH mais baixo (2,7) bem como de ângulo de contato (18,5 ±5) em relação ao comercial (pH-4 e θ-33,5 ±4). A síntese proposta para os monômeros (1), (2), (3), (4) e TMA foi caracterizada nesse trabalho. Um primer somente com acrilamidas foi desenvolvido e a presença do novo monômero TMA na resina adesiva BisGMA/HEAA permitiu a formulação de um sistema adesivo convencional de três passos sem a presença do monômero HEMA.The aim of this study was synthesized and characterizes methacrylamides monomers, development, characterizer and evaluated the properties of 3-step etch-and-rise adhesive system. Bis(methacrylamide)s and tris(methacrylamide) were synthesized. The monomer structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), Ultra-high liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC). Four bis(methacrylamide)s monomers (1) N,N’-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(N-ethyl-2-methylacrylamide), (2) N,N’-(octane-1,8-diyl)bis(2-methylacrylamide), (3) N,N’-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(2-methacrylamide) and (4) N,N’-(1,4 phenylene)bis(2-methylacrylamide) and one tris(methacrylamide), TMA, were synthesized. All IR spectra of the monomers showed the C=C axial deformation at 1610 cm-1. The 1H NMR spectra the olefinic hydrogens were observed at 5.3 an 5.8 ppm and in the 13C NMR, the vinylic carbons at 120 and 140 ppm. The exact m/z values were: 267.2068, 281.2222, 225.1595, 245.1283 and 351.2385 g/mol for monomers (1), (2), (3), (4) and TMA respectively. Monomer (1) not presented photo (DSC-PCA) or thermal polymerization. The activation energy determined using Kissinger methodology was: - 165.8 kJmol-1; -182.7 kJmol-1 and -156.7 kJmol-1 for monomers (2), (3) and (4), respectively. 3-step adhesive systems with methacrylamides and methcrylates were development. Kinetics of photopolymerization of TMA and experimental adhesive resin containing 2-hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAA) or 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) in the following formulations: (TMA 33%/HEAA 66%, TMA 50%/HEAA 50%, TMA66%/HEAA33%, TMA50%/HEMA50%, BisGMA66%/HEAA24%/TMA10% and BisGMA66%/HEMA33%) were investigated through DSC-PCA. Characteristics and mechanical properties for BisGMA 66%/HEAA 24%/TMA 10% and BisGMA 66%/HEMA 33% adhesives were evaluated with ultimate tensile strength (UTS, n=5), softening in solvent (ΔKHN, n=5), contact angle (n=5), microtensile bond strength (μTBS, n=20) and failure analysis. A primer was also formulated with H2O/HEAA/AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) and the pH and contact angle value were verified and compared to commercial ScotchBond primer. Adhesive resin with HEAA and TMA (TMA33%/HEAA66%, TMA50%/HEAA50%, TMA66%/HEAA33%) showed lower conversion and polymerization rate after 40 s of light activation. Higher conversion (up to 60%) was found for BisGMA/HEAA/TMA and BisGMA/HEMA adhesive resin without significant difference between adhesive resin, p>0.05. UTS (BisGMA/HEMA- 67.7 ±5 MPa e BisGMA/HEAA/TMA- 60.5 ±7 MPa), immediate μTBS (BisGMA/HEMA- 57 ± 14 MPa e BisGMA/HEAA/TMA- 53.1 ±15 MPa), ΔKHN (BisGMA/HEMA- 56 ± 7 e BisGMA/HEAA/TMA- 64 ±4) and contact angle (BisGMA/HEMA- 39.5 ±9 e BisGMA/HEAA/TMA- 46.7 ±15) showed no statistical difference, p>0.05. The experimental primer presented more acidity pH (2.7) and lower contact angle (18.5 ±5) when compared to commercial primer (pH- 4 e θ- 33.5 ±4). A new acrylamide based-primer was formulated and the presence of the new tris(methacrylamide) monomer (TMA) was enable the preparation of a 3-step etch-and-rise adhesive system without HEMA monomer.
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Schleicher, Kristin D. (Kristin Diann). "Nickel-catalyzed preparation of acrylamides from alpha olefins and isocyanates ; Synthetic studies toward ripostatin A". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62138.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2010.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter I. In the presence of the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand IPr, the nickel(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of a-olefins and branched aliphatic isocyanates provides c,-unsaturated amides arising from preferential C-C bond formation at the 2-position of the olefin. This sense of regioselectivity contrasts with the observed carboxamidation at the 1-position of the olefin when phosphine ligands are used. In this reaction, a simple alkene acts as the functional equivalent of a 2-alkenylmetal reagent. ... Chapter II. Synthetic studies on the antibiotic natural product ripostatin A have been carried out with the aim of constructing the C9-C1O bond via a nickel(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of enynes and epoxides developed in our laboratory, followed by rearrangement of the resulting dienylcyclopropane intermediate to afford the skipped 1,4,7-triene. ... A cyclopropyl enyne fragment corresponding to C1-C9 of ripostatin A can be synthesized in high yield over 10 steps and was demonstrated to be a competent substrate for the nickel(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction with a model epoxide. The origin of regioselectivity in this particular transformation is also discussed. ... Several synthetic approaches towards the desired C1O-C26 epoxide fragment have been pursued. The presence of the C19-C20 trisubstituted olefin renders introduction of the epoxide via oxidation of or iodocyclization onto a terminal alkene unsuitable. Access of the epoxide by way of nucleophlic displacement should circumvent these problems. The C13 stereocenter can be set via the allylation and reductive decyanation of a cyanohydrin acetonide. ... A mild, fluoride-promoted decarboxylation enables the construction of the C15-C16 bond via an aldol reaction. This product of this transformation is of the correct oxidation state and three steps removed from the targeted epoxide fragment.
by Kristin D. Schleicher.
Ph.D.
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Tamara, Erceg. "Strukturiranje polimernih mreža na osnovu akrilamida i akrilne kiseline". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111003&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U ovom radu sintetisani su hidrogelovi na osnovu akrilamida i akrilne kiseline, radikalnom polimerizacijom, primenom konvencionalne i mikrotalasne metode sinteze. Varirani su početni odnosi monomera i udeo umreživača, u cilju ispitivanja uticaja sastava reakcione smeše na svojstva dobijenih hidrogelova. Optimizovani su uslovi sinteze u mikrotalasnom polju kao brže, jednostavnije i ekonomičnije metode. U cilju uspostavljanja korelacije između mehanizma sinteze, strukture i svojstava dobijenih hidrogelova, primenom relevantnih metoda karakterizacije, upoređena su apsorpciona, reološka, toplotna i strukturna svojstva hidrogelova dobijenih dvema metodama. Ustanovljeno je da se mikrotalasnom metodom sinteze na brži i jednostavniji način uz smanjen utrošak vremena i energije dobijaju hidrogelovi konkurentni onima koji se dobijaju konvencionalnim zagrevanjem u vodenom rastvoru. Drugi deo doktorata obuhvata sintezu hidrofilnih polimernih mreža na osnovu natrijum karboksimetilceluloze (NaCMC) i karboksilnih kiselina, od kojih je jedna serija sintetisana prožimanjem linearnim kopolimerima akrilamida i akrilne kiseline u cilju povećanja potencijala primene u floku-lacione svrhe. Rezultati ispitivanja svojstava bubrenja, strukturnih toplotnih i flokulacionih svojstava pokazali su međusobno slaganje. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da od primenjenih karboksilnih kiselina, linunska kiselina u udelu od 15% u odnosu na masu NaCMC daje hidrogelove najboljih svojstava. Kombinacijom ove mreže sa kopolimerom akrilamida i akrilne kiseline u masenom odnosu 10/90, stvara se teorijska platforma za dobijanja flokulanta koji bi mogao da pokaže visoku efikasnost u prečišćavanju vode u kojoj dominiraju pozitivno naelektrisane čestice, pravilnim izborom parametara flokulacije.In this paper, hydrogels based on acrylamide and acrylic acid were synthesized using conventional and microwave synthetic methods via free-radical polymerization. The initial monomers ratio and amount of crosslinking agent were varied in order to investigate the effect of the composition of the reaction mixture on the properties of the obtained hydrogels. The conditions of synthesis in the microwave field as faster simpler and more economical method have been optimized. In order to establish a correlation between the mechanism of synthesis, structure and properties of the obtained hydrogels using the relevant methods of characterization, the absorption, rheological, thermal and structural properties of the hydrogels obtained by the two methods were compared. It has been found that the microwave synthesis is a faster and simpler method, which enables reduced consumption of time and energy and produces hydrogels competitive to those ones obtained by conventional heating in aqueous solution. The second part of the thesis includes the synthesis of hydrophilic polymer networks based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and carboxylic acids, whereby one series is synthesized by interpenetration of the network using the linear acrylamide and acrylic acid copolymers in order to increase the potential application of hydrogels for flocculation purposes. The results of measurements of swelling, structural, thermal and flocculation properites have shown mutual agreement. The obtained results have shown that among applied carboxylic acids, citric acid in the amount of 15% per mass of NaCMC, has given the hydrogels with the best properties. The Combination of this network with a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid in a mass ratio of 10/90 has created a theoretical platform for the production of flocculant which could show high efficacy in purifying of water dominated by positively charged particles.
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Kupka, Julia [Verfasser]. "Studien zur Synthese von aromatischen Acrylamid, Methacrylamid und Maleinimid Vernetzern für bioinspirierte Hydrogele / Julia Kupka". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1226434517/34.
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Kupka, Julia Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Studien zur Synthese von aromatischen Acrylamid, Methacrylamid und Maleinimid Vernetzern für bioinspirierte Hydrogele / Julia Kupka". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1226434517/34.
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Frugier, Dominique. "Copolymeres anioniques et cationiques de faible densite de charge : synthese et etude de leur coacervation complexe". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066241.
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Comportement en solution aqueuse de melanges de tels polymeres de densite de charge faible et ajustable. Pour ceci, synthese de deux familles de copolymeres ioniques de l'acrylamide. Dans la zone diphasique, le coacervat est forme d'un reseau de chaines interpenetrees dont les charges opposees se compensent globalement
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Eriksson, Jonas. "Synthesis of 11C-labelled Alkyl Iodides : Using Non-thermal Plasma and Palladium-mediated Carbonylation Methods". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för organisk kemi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7171.
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Compounds labelled with 11C (β+, t1/2 = 20.4 min) are used in positron emission tomography (PET), which is a quantitative non-invasive molecular imaging technique. It utilizes computerized reconstruction methods to produce time-resolved images of the radioactivity distribution in living subjects. The feasibility of preparing [11C]methyl iodide from [11C]methane and iodine via a single pass through a non-thermal plasma reactor was explored. [11C]Methyl iodide with a specific radioactivity of 412 ± 32 GBq/µmol was obtained in 13 ± 3% decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 6 min via catalytic hydrogenation of [11C]carbon dioxide (24 GBq) and subsequent iodination, induced by electron impact. Labelled ethyl-, propyl- and butyl iodide was synthesized, within 15 min, via palladium-mediated carbonylation using [11C]carbon monoxide. The carbonylation products, labelled carboxylic acids, esters and aldehydes, were reduced to their corresponding alcohols and converted to alkyl iodides. [1-11C]Ethyl iodide was obtained via palladium-mediated carbonylation of methyl iodide with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 55 ± 5%. [1-11C]Propyl iodide and [1-11C]butyl iodide were synthesized via the hydroformylation of ethene and propene with decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 58 ± 4% and 34 ± 2%, respectively. [1-11C]Ethyl iodide was obtained with a specific radioactivity of 84 GBq/mmol from 10 GBq of [11C]carbon monoxide. [1-11C]Propyl iodide was synthesized with a specific radioactivity of 270 GBq/mmol from 12 GBq and [1-11C]butyl iodide with 146 GBq/mmol from 8 GBq. Palladium-mediated hydroxycarbonylation of acetylene was used in the synthesis of [1-11C]acrylic acid. The labelled carboxylic acid was converted to its acid chloride and subsequently treated with amine to yield N-[carbonyl-11C]benzylacrylamide. In an alternative method, [carbonyl-11C]acrylamides were synthesized in decay-corrected radiochemical yields up to 81% via palladium-mediated carbonylative cross-coupling of vinyl halides and amines. Starting from 10 ± 0.5 GBq of [11C]carbon monoxide, N-[carbonyl-11C]benzylacrylamide was obtained in 4 min with a specific radioactivity of 330 ± 4 GBq/µmol.
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Eriksson, Jonas. "Synthesis of 11C-labelled Alkyl Iodides : Using Non-thermal Plasma and Palladium-mediated Carbonylation Methods". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbibliotekt [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7171.
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Baroni, Jean-Marie. "Synthese et caracterisation de polymeres greffes par des inhibiteurs d'un cytochrome p 450 : l'acide cinnamique 4-hydroxylase". Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13024.
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Dans cette etude, un systeme support-bras-ligand pouvant servir de base a la realisation ulterieure d'un gel efficace pour la purification par chromatographie d'affinite de l'acide cinnamique 4-hydroxylase a ete defini. L'acide cinnamique, substrat de l'enzyme recherchee, muni en ortho ou en meta de son cycle aromatique d'un bras polyoxyethylenique hydrophile, a ete greffe sur des polyacrylamides partiellement hydrolyses. Des tests d'activite enzymatique ont demontre que l'acide cinnamique immobilise est reconnu par l'enzyme. Un taux de greffage pour lequel le plus grand nombre de greffons sont efficaces a ete determine
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劉書劍. "Synthesis and characterization of starch-acrylamide graft copolymer". Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57897178374686733689.
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Shiau, Ting Ning, i 丁寧孝. "Reseach of Synthesis and Properties of Optically Active Poly- acrylamide". Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23342995570670017807.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學工程研究所
81
We successfully synthesis polymers [poly(N-((S)-1-phenyl- ethyl) acrylamide] (P1)and [poly(N-((S)-1-naphthylethyl)- acrylamide] (P2), and model compounds (C1)(C2). Both polymers' reduce viscosity are 0.20dl/g and 0.14dl/g. By probe (M3), we synthesis copolymer and compare its model compound (C1).From CD , we can duduce (P1)(P3) without high ordered structures. Polymer (P2) is the same as polymer (P1) without high ordered structure. Coating (P1) and (P2), we get two stationary phases [( CSP1) and (CSP2)].Injecting 37 racemates, we find that no racemate can be seperated. By comparingk', we guess main forces are hydrogen bonding and ??force.
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Chang, Yi-Cheng, i 張益誠. "Synthesis and Properties of Acrylamide-Acrylate Copolymers with Terpyridine Side-Chains". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4v98c6.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
化學工程研究所
100
We synthesized an acrylamide monomer containing 4’ substituted 2, 2’ : 6’ , 2”-terpyridine. The free radical polymerization of acrylamide and acrylate was initiated by 2,2''-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The homopolymers and the random copolymers with pendent terpyridine or ethoxyethoxyethyl functional group were polymerized by different feeding ratios. The thermal properties, optical properties and solubility of polymers were investigated and discussed. The structures of monomers and polymers were confirmed by mass spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The polymers showed excellent solubility in aprotic polar organic solvent such as DMF, NMP. The polymers with higher ethoxyethoxyethyl contents had better solubility in organic solvents such as toluene, 1,4-dioxane. The polymers exhibited UV-vis absorption bands at 274 to 287 nm in THF/MeOH (25:1) solution. The glass transition temperatures are about -58 to 227 ℃, the temperature at 5% and 10% weight loss measured by a TGA are 224 to 357 ℃ and 267 to 373 ℃, respectively, under nitrogen. The acrylamide and acrylate copolymers exhibited UV-vis absorption bands at 274 to 287 nm and showed PL maximum emission peaks at 372 ~ 389nm in THF/MeOH (25:1) solution. Regarding the colorimetric determination of transition metal, we found that maximum absorption band at 287 nm decreases in gradual with increasing concentration of transition metal ion In addition, a new absorption band appeared at 340 ~ 384 nm and the intensity increased gradually based on the increase of transition metal ion. According to PL spectra, we could find the maximum emission peak at 389 nm (415 nm for Hg2+)was quenched and blue shifted gradually. But in the cases of Zn2+, Hg2+, a new emission peak appeared at wavelength larger than 450 nm, especially higher PL intensity was observed for the case of Zn2+. Based on the selective characteristic for Zn2+, we did a simple experiment by handheld UV lamp. The result showed the emission color changed from the light blue to bright yellow color when the polymer containing Zn2+ was excited by 365 nm light, but this phenomenon did not observed toward the other transition mental ions.
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JAIN, KRATIKA. "INVESTIGATION OF ACRYLAMIDE, MALEIC ANHYDRIDE HYDROGEL IMPREGNATED WITH POLY(VINYL) ALCOHOL". Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15913.
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Current investigation is focused on the synthesis of Acrylamide, Maleic Anhydride hydrogel matrix impregnated with Poly (vinyl alcohol), PVA, to obtain a formulation of hydrogel matrix with maximum water swelling property. Thus, series of products, varying the concentration of cross linker and PVA, were synthesized using redox initiator potassium persulphate at 70 oC. Spectroscopic, Thermal, Mechanical analysis and swelling behaviour of formed hydrogels were studied.
Tremendous swelling behaviour (with swelling percentage 1409%) was by hydrogel with composition of 3% of Poly(vinyl) alcohol, 0.5% of crosslinker, 3.55 gm of acrylamide, 0.908gm of Maleic anhydride Present study also revealed that the addition of prepared hydrogels in small quantities to sandy soil increased its ability to retain water.
The study was further extended with incorporation of antimicrobial activity in the hydrogel matrix by using different concentration of the product of natural origin ,Allium sativum.The results obtained were excellent as the use of Allium sativum juice (also known as garlic juice) in hydrogel matrix incorporated antimicrobial activity against plant pathogen (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) and human pathogen (Escherichia coli) without affecting swelling behaviour of matrix. The hydrogel with 3% PVA 3% Allium sativum juice 0.5% crosslinker, 3.55gm acrylamide, 0.908gm maleic anhydride shows best results amongs all the formed hydrogel as zone of inhibition in this hydrogel against Agrobacterium tumefaciens is 3.1 cm while against E.coli is 1.9 cm and and also shows highest water retention measurement.The maximum difference in percent of water evaporation loss with hydrogel PVA3%, Allium sativum juice3%, and one without hydrogel is approximately 41%.
From thermal analysis it is found that the hydrogel remained unaffected from environmental stresses during the period of study of 2 months. Current study can lead to develop a new class of hydrogels that can be used in the agriculture field to provide continous cycle of irrigation and also provide protection to crops from pathogens.
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Hanh, Cao Luu Ngoc, i Cao Luu Ngoc Hanh. "Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) core-silica shell particles". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3n6muy.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
107
Amongst various thermo-sensitive polymers, N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) is the most prominent candidate for biomedical applications because of its biocompatibility and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) around 32 ºC that is quite close to the physiological temperature of human body. However, PNIPAM is relatively high softness in the hydrated state, which greatly limits its mechanical stability. Therefore, PNIPAM is encapsulated with inorganic silica nanoparticles (PNIPAM/silica) due to excellent physicochemical properties (e.g., mechanical strength, chemical and thermal stability, biocompatibility, low toxicity and low permeability) and low cost. Besides, the silica can be preserved the original thermo-sensitive property of PNIPAM after the encapsulation procedure. This thesis primarily focuses on synthesis and characterization of the hybrid particles consists of PNIPAM based microgel core and silica shell. Another extremely important aim is elimination the particle size of PNIPAM@silica capsules to nano-sized range by using PNIPAM based microgel core in adding of reactive surfactant or PNIPAM based mesoglobule core. The influence of the polymer network and the external temperature stimulus on the internal and overall hybrid particle structure were explored employing light scattering, electron microscope and thermal analysis.
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Save, Ninad S. "Synthesis and processing of temperature-sensitive copolymers f N-Tert-butylacrylamide and acrylamide". Thesis, 2004. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/3892.
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溫家貞. "Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-Chitosan Latex and its Application on Drug Controlled Release". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85127983965357804021.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
材料科學與工程學研究所
90
In this work, we discussed the synthesis, properties, and application of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAM)/Chitosan copolymer latexes. The NIPAAM/Chitosan crosslinked latex was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Anionic initiator, ammonium persulfate[APS], and cationic initiator, 2,2’-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride [AIBA], were used to initiate the polymerization respectively. Therefrom latex particles of different morphology were obtained attributed to different reaction mechanisms. We changed several variables such as the proportion of Chitosan/ NIPAAM, the concentration of crosslinking agent, solid content, the content of acetic acid and the content of initiator, and discussed their effects on particle size, reaction rate, zeta-potential etc. in the emulsion polymerization. We also studied the swelling and thermo-sensitive behavior of the film made by NIPAAM/Chitosan latexes. The effects of the proportion of Chitosan/NIPAAM, the concentration of crosslinking agent and the pH value of environment were discussed. Finally, we discussed the application of this latex on drug release with different proportion of Chitosan/NIPAAM and different concentration of crosslinking agent. Their effects on drug capsulation and drug release were examined.
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Lan, Han-Zhong, i 藍漢中. "Study on the synthesis and properties of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/fly ash composite hydrogel". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39301253943970347119.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
化學系
103
This main goal of thesis is to prepare two anionic superabsorbent hydrogel, polyacrylic acid / polyacryl amide ( P(AA/AM) ) and polyacrylic acid / polyacryl amide / fly ash ( P(AA/AM)/FA ). Ammmonium persulfate ( APS) and N,N’methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as an initiator and crosslinking agent, respectively. Using FT-IR to identify structure, surface porosity is observed by SEM. The parameters what could be effected experiment are monomer ratio, initiator dosage, crosslinker dosage, reaction temperature and proportion of fly ash. We measure water absorbency of hydrogel in water, saline solution and variety of different situation and then test the mechanical properties, including compressive strength and water absorption under load (AUL). We evaluate if P(AA/AM)/FA hydrogel whose additive quantity, proportion of fly ash and particle size is reasonablely applied to the grout and cement mortar as a self-curing agent. Then we researched hydration degree, cracking index, and setting time in grout. We calculated weight-loss, water retention,compressive strength, internal humidity, and drying shrinkage in cement mortar. The result indicate that P(AA/AM)/FA hydrogel in the optimum reaction condition, the water absorbency is 386 g/g in water, and 56, 26 g/g in 0.1M NaCl(aq) and 0.1M CaCl2(aq), repectively. The compressive strength is 47.5 (Kgf / cm2). When we add P(AA/AM)/FA hydrogel into mortar as self-curing reagent, the optimum dosage, particle size and proportion of fly ash is 0.2 wt%, 0.082 mm and 10 wt%, respectively, in this condition, improve the performance of weight-loss, compressive strength, internal humidity, drying shrinkage and craking formation. All the performance is better than the control group without P(AA/AM)/FA hydrogel.
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CHOU, Yu-Lin, i 周佑霖. "Study on the synthesis and properties of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/silica fume composite hydrogel". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24246573649328673500.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
化學系
103
This main goal of thesis is to prepare two anionic superabsorbent hydrogel, polyacrylic acid / polyacryl amide ( P(AA/AM) ) and polyacrylic acid / polyacryl amide / Silica fume ( P(AA/AM)/SF ). Ammmonium persulfate (APS) and N,N’methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as an initiator and crosslinking agent, respectively. Using FT-IR to identify structure, surface porosity is observed by SEM. The parameters what could be effected experiment are monomer ratio, initiator dosage, crosslinker dosage, reaction temperature and proportion of silica fume. We measure water absorbency of hydrogel in water, saline solution and variety of different situation and then test the mechanical properties, including compressive strength . We evaluate if P(AA/AM) hydrogel whose additive quantity is reasonablely applied to the grout and cement mortar as a self-curing agent. Then we researched hydration degree, cracking index, and setting time in grout. We calculated weight-loss, water retention,compressive strength, internal humidity, and drying shrinkage in cement mortar. The result indicate that P(AA/AM)SF hydrogel in the optimum reaction condition, the water absorbency is 410.5 g/g in water, and 40.4, 24.4 g/g in 0.1M NaCl(aq) and 0.1M CaCl2(aq),repectively. The compressive strength is 48.6 (Kgf / cm2). When we add P(AA/AM) hydrogel into mortar as self-curing reagent, the optimum dosage is 0.2 wt% , respectively, in this condition, improve the performance of weight-loss, compressive strength, internal humidity, drying shrinkage and craking formation. All the performance is better than the control group without P(AA/AM) hydrogel.
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XU, MIAO-JING, i 徐妙菁. "On the synthesis and properties of poly [ ( N-2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl ) pyyridinium-3-carboxylate-co-acrylamide ]". Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77900119524833868199.
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Li, Lin, i 李麟. "Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Poly(Acrylic acid-co-Acrylamide)/Rice Husk Ash Hydrogel Composites". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27h38w.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
化學系
106
Rice husk ash (RHA) was very common waste in agricultural production. In the thesis，we had prepared P(AA/AM)/RHA hydrogel composites, and changed the dosage of RHA, compared to P(AA/AM) hydrogel without RHA. FT-IR spectrum was used to identity the functional group of hydrogels. SEM was observed the surface of hydrogels. Then the hydrogels was determined water absorbency in deionized water、saline solution of different concentration and pore solution. P(AA/AM)/RHA hydrogel composites were used as self-curing agent, added to cement paste and mortar. We compared mortar added to RHA composites with that added general P(AA/AM) hydrogel for the influences of weight-loss、relative humidity、drying shrinkage、autogenous shrinkage and setting time. Further, the cracking index in cement paste and the surface of cement paste were determined, observed and discussed cement hydration. The results indicated that the higher water absorbency of all tested P(AA/AM)/RHA hydrogel composites in saline solution, and better water retention in pore solution. When P(AA/AM)/RHA composites was added to mortar and cement paste, it reduced weight-loss、drying shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage, improved compressive strength and internal humidity, lower cracking formation had good influences in cement paste.
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Parada, Leandro Rafael de Almeida. "Synthesis of Integrated Polymers for Soil Stabilization". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/68753.
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In this work, the synthesis of vinylpyrrolidone- (VP), vinyl acetate- (VA) and acrylamide- (AM) based polymers and copolymers was developed with a view to their application as drilling fluids. P(VP-co-VA), P(AM-co-VA) and P(AM-co-VP) were synthesized with different monomer ratio (87-13%, 75-25% and 50-50%) in water with the aim of obtaining a copolymer which is: (1) water soluble in a ratio of 1 g per liter of water (2) and able to exhibit a viscosity value ≥ 55 s/quart. The material fulfilling these requirements may be applied as (i) a main compound or as (ii) an additive for drilling fluids. All viscosity measurements were performed in a Marsh funnel as preliminary tests to select which was the best candidate polymer for the previous objectives. The chemical composition of all polymers and copolymers was investigated by FTIR-ATR or/and solid state 13C NMR to ensure the success of polymerization. Polymers and copolymers which achieved the previously mentioned requisites (1) and (2) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and their molecular weight was determined in an Ubbelohde type I Capillar viscometer. Partially hydrolyzed P(AM-co-VA) with a weight monomer ratio of 75-25% of acrylamide and VP, respectively, and partially hydrolyzed P(AM-co-VP) with a weight monomer ratio of 87-13% of acrylamide and VP, respectively, showed a viscosity of 56 s/quart in water, gathering all needed conditions to be evaluated according to suspension and settling tests with soil. These suspension and settling tests were performed with clay in distilled-deionized and tap water.
P(AM-co-VA) were not able to suspend clay neither as main viscosifier nor as additive. P(AM-co-VP) did not reveal suspending clay capacity as main viscosifier, but when 1g of copolymer is added to one liter of PolyMud® solution (1 g/L) comprising distilled-deionized water, 100% of soil suspension was reached over a period of 24 hours. When tap water was used, P(AM-co-VP) exhibited the best performance by keeping in suspension 90% of the total clay present in solution over 24 hours.
In addition, PVP was successfully used as additive to a PolyMud® solution (1 g/L), comprising distilled-deionized water, exhibiting in suspension capacity of 90% of the total clay during 24 hours.
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Chou, Shu-Chung, i 周書仲. "Synthesis and Properties of dual-responsive copolymer hydrogels based on chitosan selectively grafted with poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11830694038433601422.
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碩士淡江大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
95
In this research, phthalic anhydride(PA) was ued to react with the amino group of chitosan to protect amino group and increase chitosan solubility in organic solvent. Then 3-Isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate(TMI) was reacted with the hydroxyl group of PA substituted chitosan, that introduced double bond to chitosan. Subsequently hydrazine hydrate was used to remove PA and bing amino group back to CS(CS-TMI). Finnally different amounts of N-isopropylacrylamide monomer(NIPAAm) and photoinitiator were added to prepare PNIPAAm-graft-chitosan copolymers by UV irradiation. FTIR and NMR were used to characterize and confim the structures of PA-substitated CS and TMI-CS. From the elemental analysis, we could decide the degrees of substitution of PA as well as TMI in chitosan. The degree of TMI substitution was calculated to be 0.25. Afte UV-initiated graft polymerization of NIPAAm onto TMI-CS. We found that the conversion and grafting ratio were both inceased with increasing monomer amount. The maximum grafting ratio obtained was 3.42 and the grafting efficiency maintained at about 90％. The synthesized copolymer had dual thermal and pH-sensitive properties. DSC and TGA were employed to measure the thermal properties of the prepared copolymers. Swelling ratio was measured to understand the pH and thermal responsive behaviors. Finally, cell biocompatibility was evaluated by cell culture and MTT test on the membranes.
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Pan, Tzu-Yu, i 潘姿羽. "Synthesis of Poy(N-isopropyl acrylamide-methyl acrylic acid)/Nano ZnO Composite Latex and the application to Drug Control Release". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09203832795979306371.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
96
In this study, the Poly(methyl methacrylate- methacrylate acid) /poly(N-Isoproplyacrylamide-methacrylate(poly(MMA-MAA)/poly(NIPAAm-MAA)) latex particles with the behaviors of pH sensitive and thermosensitive were synthesized by the method of soapless emulsion polymerization. Then the ZnO nano-particle bound on the latex particle to form the polymer/ZnO composite latex particles, which can be used as a drug carrier. Besides, the polymer/ZnO composite latex particles with hollow structure were investigated in this study. The hollow poly (NIPAAm - MAA) latex particles were synthesized by the way of three processes. The first stage was to synthesize the linear poly(methyl methacrylate-methyl acrylic acid) (poly(MMA-MAA)) seed latex particles. Then the NIPAAm, MMA and crosslinking agent (N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide) (MBA)) were polymerized in the presence of poly(MMA-MAA) seed latex particles to proceed the second stage reaction and formed the linear poly(MMA-MAA) / crosslinking poly(NIPAAm-MAA) core-shell latex particles. In the third stage process, the alkali solution was used to dissolve the linear core zone of core-shell latex particles to form the poly(NIPAAm-MAA) latex particles with hollow structure, and then the ZnO nano-particles bound on the surface of poly(NIPAAm-MAA) hollow latex particle to form the poly(NIPAAm-MAA)/ZnO hollow composite latex particle. The morphology of composite latex particle with dense structure or hollow structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Besides, we used caffeine as model drug to study the ability of control release of polymer/ZnO composite latex particle with dense structure and hollow structure respectively.
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Kibatu, Berihie Girma. "Coordination chemistry of acrylamide and N-pyrazolylpropanamide : syntheses and structures /". 2006. http://diglib.uni-magdeburg.de/Dissertationen/2006/girkibatu.htm.
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Steffens, Christopher [Verfasser]. "Hydrolysestabile Poly(meth)acrylamide: Synthese und Polymerisationsverhalten / vorgelegt von Christopher Steffens". 2007. http://d-nb.info/987650505/34.
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Berihie, Girma Kibatu [Verfasser]. "Coordination chemistry of acrylamide and N-pyrazolylprapanamide: syntheses and structures / von Girma Kibatu Berihie". 2007. http://d-nb.info/982724039/34.
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Fang, Yung-Yu, i 方元昱. "Studies on Syntheses, Structure, and Properties of the Conjugated Conductive Polymer: Poly(acrylamide-aniline)". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17865412834614532751.
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碩士長庚大學
化學工程研究所
89
Polyaniline (PAn) is currently considered to have high potentiality toward practical applications due to its cheap, good environmental stability and protonation with a protonic acid. However, it is very difficult to be dissolved in common organic solvents owing to its inherent rigid backbone. Thus, the aim of this research is to study the mechanism of PAn by react with 2,2¢-azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) and acrylamide (AAm) in dimethylsulfide (DMSO) solution, and to investigate structure of the polymers. After the modification of PAn, water soluble occurs. The tools used for the studied are gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (13C-NMR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and conductivity measurements. In the true solution test, it was found that undoped and acid-doped PAn/AAm polymer could be dissolved in H2O. Results of GPC evidenced PAn/AAm polymers have two molecular weight distributions. One is caused by poly(acryl amide) (PAAm) and the other is due to the addition of AAm into PAn main chain, and their molecular weights are influenced by temperature and the amount of AIBN. 13C-NMR Results indicated that the AAm group is bonding with the nitrogen atom (N) of amine ring of PAn chain. For IR spectra, all the absorption bands at 1661 and 3185 cm-1 of C=O and N-H stretching vibration of PAAm, respectively, and at 3274 and 1306 cm-1 of N-H and Caromatic-N stretching vibration of PAn, respectively, shifted toward low frequency. These results indicate the presence of hydrogen-bond interactions of PAn added with AAm. For PAn/AAm DMSO solution, two absorption peaks exist at 355 nm (π-π* transition of the benzenoid ring) and 610 nm (excition absorption of the quinoid ring) but the decreasing of ratio of lmax,imine/lmax,amine. It is due to the thermal dissociation of DMSO into proton radical(H·), which will attack imine form of PAn to amine form, causing the decreasing of imine structure. XRD results indicate AAm group help PAn chain to form a more regular phase resulting in the formation of a new phase at 2q= ~10°. The co-existence of two-phase strongly supports those hydrogen-bond interactions between the two components. For conductivity measurement as measured using the four-probe method, the decreasing of conductivity of PAn with the increasing of AAm is due to the decreasing of imine in the reaction and the dropping of doping level.
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WANG, YI-FANG, i 王一芳. "The Synthesis of ploy(N-isopropy) properties and drug release applications acrylamides hydrogel contained with chitosan". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41906791390260006962.
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碩士元培醫事科技大學
生物醫學工程系福祉科技與醫學工程碩士班
104
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) contains carbonyl group and amino group which could build hydrogen bond with water molecules at low temperature, such that the hydrophilic property and swelling degree are raised. However, the hydrogen bonds would be broken as the temperature raise over the low critical solution temperature (LCST). In this study, the effect of chitosan and ultrasonic treatment on thermal, hydrophilic and swelling properties of had been investigated. Chitosan was added into PNIPAAm for the improving of biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and antibacterial behavior. Ultrasonic treatment was expected to assist the administration of drug release. Specimens of PNIPAAm were synthesized with 0~1% chitosan and treated with 1MHz ultrasound for 0 min ~ 30 min. The thermal property of PNIPAAm was analyzed by using differential scanning calorimeter, the hydrophilicity was evaluated by contact angle method and the swelling behavior was measured by the weighting method at 25°C to 41 °C.
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Zhang, Chi. "Polyelectrolyte Copolymer Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterisation and Drug Delivery System Based on 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulphonic Acid". 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1002.
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Whole document restricted, see Access Instructions file below for details of how to access the print copy.The literature on polymer gels and hydrogels since the beginning of last century has been reviewed, and the properties of polymers and gels based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) summarized. Copolymer gels were synthesised, using gamma radiation initiation, from aqueous solutions of the comonomers acrylamide and AMPS. The progress of copolymerisation and crosslinking was followed by measuring the viscosity of reaction mixtures that had been irradiated for different times and hence had received different doses. The variation of viscosity with dose has been interpreted in terms of main chain growth and the onset of crosslinking and gelation. It was observed that the viscosity of irradiated reaction mixtures decreased substantially on standing at ambient temperature. That behaviour has been attributed to breaking of non-permanent bonds formed during irradiation and subsequently broken over the ageing period. The environmental responsiveness of the gels formed by gamma radiation initiation was assessed by observation of the volume phase transition triggered by increasing the proportion of acetone in aqueous acetone media in which the gels were immersed. Free-radical copolymerisation of aqueous solutions of comonomer AMPS and Nisopropylacrylamide (NIPA) was initiated with ammonium persulphate at 70°C. Reaction times that varied with comonomer mixture composition gave a series of copolymers corresponding to low conversion. The copolymer composition data set was used in conjunction with the Kelen-Tϋdos and Finemann-Ross methods, assuming the terminal model to be valid, to give the monomer reactivity ratios r(AMPS)=0.24 and r(NIPA)=1.12. The reactivity ratios show that copolymers made from comonomer mixtures with more than 25 mol% AMPS consist of relatively short monomer sequences. The dependence of glass transition temperature on copolymer composition was determined using differential scanning calorimetry and the experimental data compared with Tg predicted from the Fox equation. High-field (400 MHz) 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to probe the early stages of polymerisation and gelation at 70°C in a D2O solution of AMPS and NIPA, crosslinker N,N1-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The change in signal intensity of vinyl protons of the monomers and crosslinkers, and the methylene proton signals from PEG were recorded as a function of reaction time. The relative initial rates of reactant consumption showed that the crosslinking monomer was consumed more rapidly than either AMPS or NIPA, so that crosslinking of the copolymer chains took place predominantly in the early stages of copolymer chain growth. The PEG signal was found to be invariant with time, confirming that PEG did not participate in the polymerization reaction but acted as the linear interpenetrating component in semi-interpenetrating network gels. The kinetics of gel formation and other rheological properties of copolymer and SIPN pregel solutions were analysed using parallel plate rheometry. The variation of shear moduli and other rheological parameters during reaction under dynamic shear was interpreted in terms of chain growth and crosslinking reactions. In relation to the sol-gel transition, viscosity, tan(δ), G' and G" were used to assess the kinetics of gelation. The densities of copolymer and SIPN dried gels were measured for a range of copolymer chain compositions and found to be similar in magnitude (within about 10%) for gels with the same copolymer chain composition. The surface morphology of both types of gel, in dried form, was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The swelling ratio of SIPN gels in water was found, in general, to be proportional to the AMPS content of the copolymer chains. The influence of initiator and crosslinker concentrations in the pregel solutions on the rheological properties of gels was investigated in detail. G', G", tan(δ) and critical strain were correlated to initiator concentration, but the crosslink density of the gel was essentially independent of initiator concentration. As expected, the effect of crosslinker concentration, hence crosslink density in the gels, on rheological properties, was significant. With increasing crosslinker concentration, the critical strain (at gel rupture) and tan(δ) decreased markedly. The surface roughness of dried gels also decreased with increasing crosslinker concentration. Effects of comonomer mixture and copolymer chain composition for copolymer and SIPN systems on the initiation temperature of pregel solutions and rheological properties of gels were compared. A feature of the data is that the copolymer gels exhibited much larger values of G' and G" than the corresponding SIPN gels, whereas the SIPN gels had larger equilibrium storage modulus (G'e), indicating that stronger covalent or physical crosslinks may exist in the SIPN gels. Copolymer and SIPN gels examined at constant frequency and shear stress exhibited a phase transition associated with the water in the gels. Both types of gels were found to have an ice-dominant structure at -6°C with G' smaller than that of ice at -5°C, and there was an ice phase to gel phase transition induced by shear strain at -6°C, which was not found in gels at -4°C. Temperature-time effects on gel formation kinetics and post-gel properties were determined and appear to be correlated to rates of gel formation as well as the final gel microstructure. As expected, the induction time for gel formation is greater at lower reaction temperature, and PEG enhances this effect and reduces the viscosity compared to the corresponding PEG-free system. The post gel microstructure has been examined in terms of G', angular frequency, reaction temperature and time. The most significant effect is that increasing reaction temperature for a fixed time builds a more complete gel network. Creep and stress relaxation of gels were investigated. Both copolymer and SIPN gels show a high degree of elasticity, and at specific frequencies the gels behave as ideal elastic solids. SIPN and copolymer gels were characterized using spectroscopic, thermal and morphological techniques (DSC, TG, FTIR, XPS, XRD and SEM). Interactions between PEG and copolymer network were found to markedly influence the properties of SIPNs. Thermal analysis revealed that the PEG component of the SIPNs showed melting behaviour that was similar to that of pure PEG, but modified by interactions between PEG and the copolymer network. Composition and temperature effects on thermal and morphological properties were investigated in detail. Protonation of a substantial proportion of the amide groups in the dried SIPN gets was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and mainly attributed to proton transfer from the sulphonic acid groups of AMPS units to the amide groups of NIPA units. Sodium diclofenac was used as a model drug in design of a drug encapsulation/release system based on use of PEG/poly(AMPS-co-NIPA) SIPN hydrogels. The thermal stability of the drug and the SIPN gel used for its encapsulation was determined as a prerequisite to the development of a direct drug loading technique whereby the drug was encapsulated during accelerated formation of the SIPN matrix in a suspension polymerisation system at 100°C. Direct loading of the drug was found to be superior, in terms of the distribution of the drug in the gel matrix, to the conventional diffusion loading technique. Drug release in pH7.4 phosphate buffer solutions and in pHl.0 simulated gastrointestinal liquid was determined as a function of time.
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Chen, Chih-ching, i 陳志清. "1. A New Approach to 3,4-Disubstituted Succinimides and Its Applications in Natural Product Synthesis2. A New Approach to (E)-3-Substituted-N-alkyl Acrylamides and Its Applications". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4t2n5c.
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博士國立中山大學
化學系研究所
96
1. We have explored a formal [3+2] strategy that is synthetically useful for constructing 3,4-disubstituted succinimides with ethyl bromoacetate derivatives or methyl glyoxylate in one step. 2. We reported a new approach to (E)-β-aryl-α,β-unsaturated amides. Instead of using aldehydes, phosphorus, silicon containing compounds and metal catalysts for the synthesis of double bonds, α-sulfonyl acetamide and various benzyl bromides were used as starting materials
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TAI, PEI-YU, i 戴珮羽. "Preparation of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization of 2-Dimethylamino Ethyl Methacrylate and N-Isopropyl Acrylamide for a use as a Polymeric Emulsifier to Synthesize CO2-Responsive Poly(methyl methacrylate) Core-Shell Nanoparticles". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z6689v.
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