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Volchkov, Valery V., i Vitaly V. Volchkov. Harmonic Analysis of Mean Periodic Functions on Symmetric Spaces and the Heisenberg Group. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-533-8.
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V, Volchkov Vitaly, i SpringerLink (Online service), red. Harmonic Analysis of Mean Periodic Functions on Symmetric Spaces and the Heisenberg Group. London: Springer London, 2009.
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Zhu, Jingze. Structure and symmetry of singularity models of mean curvature flow. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.
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Fearful symmetry. New York: Dutton, 1996.
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Talagrand, Michel. Mean field models for spin glasses: Advanced replica-symmetry and low temperature. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.
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Talagrand, Michel. Mean field models for spin glasses: Advanced replica-symmetry and low temperature. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.
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Stan, Lee, Zeck Mike, McLeod Bob i Marvel Comics Group, red. Stan Lee presents Spider-Man: Fearful symmetry--Kraven's last hunt. New York: Marvel Comics, 1989.
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Christensen, Jens Gerlach. Trends in harmonic analysis and its applications: AMS special session on harmonic analysis and its applications : March 29-30, 2014, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2015.
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Volchkov, Valery V., i Vitaly V. Volchkov. Harmonic Analysis of Mean Periodic Functions on Symmetric Spaces and the Heisenberg Group. Springer London, Limited, 2011.
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Cates, M. Complex fluids: the physics of emulsions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0010.
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These lectures start with the mean field theory for a symmetric binary fluid mixture, addressing interfacial tension, the stress tensor, and the equations of motion (Model H). We then consider the phase separation kinetics of such a mixture: coalescence, Ostwald ripening, its prevention by trapped species, coarsening of bicontinuous states, and the role of shear flow. The third topic addressed is the stabilization of emulsions by using surfactants to reduce or even eliminate the interfacial tension between phases; the physics of bending energy, which becomes relevant in the latter case, is then presented briefly. The final topic is the creation of long-lived metastable emulsions by adsorption of colloidal particles or nanoparticles at the fluid–fluid interface; alongside spherical droplets, these methods can be used to create a range of unconventional structures with potentially interesting properties that are only now being explored.
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Goswami, B. N., i Soumi Chakravorty. Dynamics of the Indian Summer Monsoon Climate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.613.
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Lifeline for about one-sixth of the world’s population in the subcontinent, the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is an integral part of the annual cycle of the winds (reversal of winds with seasons), coupled with a strong annual cycle of precipitation (wet summer and dry winter). For over a century, high socioeconomic impacts of ISM rainfall (ISMR) in the region have driven scientists to attempt to predict the year-to-year variations of ISM rainfall. A remarkably stable phenomenon, making its appearance every year without fail, the ISM climate exhibits a rather small year-to-year variation (the standard deviation of the seasonal mean being 10% of the long-term mean), but it has proven to be an extremely challenging system to predict. Even the most skillful, sophisticated models are barely useful with skill significantly below the potential limit on predictability. Understanding what drives the mean ISM climate and its variability on different timescales is, therefore, critical to advancing skills in predicting the monsoon. A conceptual ISM model helps explain what maintains not only the mean ISM but also its variability on interannual and longer timescales.The annual ISM precipitation cycle can be described as a manifestation of the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) or the zonally oriented cloud (rain) band characterized by a sudden “onset.” The other important feature of ISM is the deep overturning meridional (regional Hadley circulation) that is associated with it, driven primarily by the latent heat release associated with the ISM (ITCZ) precipitation. The dynamics of the monsoon climate, therefore, is an extension of the dynamics of the ITCZ. The classical land–sea surface temperature gradient model of ISM may explain the seasonal reversal of the surface winds, but it fails to explain the onset and the deep vertical structure of the ISM circulation. While the surface temperature over land cools after the onset, reversing the north–south surface temperature gradient and making it inadequate to sustain the monsoon after onset, it is the tropospheric temperature gradient that becomes positive at the time of onset and remains strongly positive thereafter, maintaining the monsoon. The change in sign of the tropospheric temperature (TT) gradient is dynamically responsible for a symmetric instability, leading to the onset and subsequent northward progression of the ITCZ. The unified ISM model in terms of the TT gradient provides a platform to understand the drivers of ISM variability by identifying processes that affect TT in the north and the south and influence the gradient.The predictability of the seasonal mean ISM is limited by interactions of the annual cycle and higher frequency monsoon variability within the season. The monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) has a seminal role in influencing the seasonal mean and its interannual variability. While ISM climate on long timescales (e.g., multimillennium) largely follows the solar forcing, on shorter timescales the ISM variability is governed by the internal dynamics arising from ocean–atmosphere–land interactions, regional as well as remote, together with teleconnections with other climate modes. Also important is the role of anthropogenic forcing, such as the greenhouse gases and aerosols versus the natural multidecadal variability in the context of the recent six-decade long decreasing trend of ISM rainfall.
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Talagrand, Michel. Mean Field Models for Spin Glasses : Volume II: Advanced Replica-Symmetry and Low Temperature. Springer, 2013.
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Talagrand, Michel. Mean Field Models for Spin Glasses : Volume II: Advanced Replica-Symmetry and Low Temperature. Springer, 2011.
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Mean Field Models for Spin Glasses : Volume II: Advanced Replica-Symmetry and Low Temperature. Springer, 2011.
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Leyton, Michael. Symmetry, Causality, Mind. The MIT Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6584.001.0001.
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In this investigation of the psychological relationship between shape and time, Leyton argues compellingly that shape is used by the mind to recover the past and as such it forms a basis for memory. Michael Leyton's arguments about the nature of perception and cognition are fascinating, exciting, and sure to be controversial. In this investigation of the psychological relationship between shape and time, Leyton argues compellingly that shape is used by the mind to recover the past and as such it forms a basis for memory. He elaborates a system of rules by which the conversion to memory takes place and presents a number of detailed case studies—in perception, linguistics, art, and even political subjugation—that support these rules. Leyton observes that the mind assigns to any shape a causal history explaining how the shape was formed. We cannot help but perceive a deformed can as a dented can. Moreover, by reducing the study of shape to the study of symmetry, he shows that symmetry is crucial to our everyday cognitive processing. Symmetry is the means by which shape is converted into memory. Perception is usually regarded as the recovery of the spatial layout of the environment. Leyton, however, shows that perception is fundamentally the extraction of time from shape. In doing so, he is able to reduce the several areas of computational vision purely to symmetry principles. Examining grammar in linguistics, he argues that a sentence is psychologically represented as a piece of causal history, an archeological relic disinterred by the listener so that the sentence reveals the past. Again through a detailed analysis of art he shows that what the viewer takes to be the experience of a painting is in fact the extraction of time from the shapes of the painting. Finally he highlights crucial aspects of the mind's attempt to recover time in examples of political subjugation. Bradford Books imprint
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Olivetti, Ariel, Charlie Adlard, Enrique Alcatena i Steven Grant. Counter X - X-Man: Fearful Symmetry. Marvel Worldwide, Incorporated, 2013.
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Champollion, Lucas. The cast of characters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755128.003.0003.
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This chapter presents the three constructions that are the focus of the book (for-adverbials, pseudopartitives, and adverbial each) by means of some typical examples. Building on the foundations laid out in Chapter 2, this chapter develops a baseline theory for the syntax and semantics of these constructions and their constituents, keeping things symmetric across domains as much as seems reasonable so that the parallels drawn in subsequent chapters are not obscured more than necessary. The chapter discusses various properties of these constructions and introduces simplified Logical Forms for them that provide a scaffold on which the theory in the rest of the book is built.
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Baulieu, Laurent, John Iliopoulos i Roland Sénéor. From Classical to Quantum Fields. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788393.001.0001.
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Quantum field theory has become the universal language of most modern theoretical physics. This book is meant to provide an introduction to this subject with particular emphasis on the physics of the fundamental interactions and elementary particles. It is addressed to advanced undergraduate, or beginning graduate, students, who have majored in physics or mathematics. The ambition is to show how these two disciplines, through their mutual interactions over the past hundred years, have enriched themselves and have both shaped our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature. The subject of this book, the transition from a classical field theory to the corresponding Quantum Field Theory through the use of Feynman’s functional integral, perfectly exemplifies this connection. It is shown how some fundamental physical principles, such as relativistic invariance, locality of the interactions, causality and positivity of the energy, form the basic elements of a modern physical theory. The standard theory of the fundamental forces is a perfect example of this connection. Based on some abstract concepts, such as group theory, gauge symmetries, and differential geometry, it provides for a detailed model whose agreement with experiment has been spectacular. The book starts with a brief description of the field theory axioms and explains the principles of gauge invariance and spontaneous symmetry breaking. It develops the techniques of perturbation theory and renormalisation with some specific examples. The last Chapters contain a presentation of the standard model and its experimental successes, as well as the attempts to go beyond with a discussion of grand unified theories and supersymmetry.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, i Jean-Philippe Uzan. The two-body problem: an effective-one-body approach. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0056.
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This chapter presents the basics of the ‘effective-one-body’ approach to the two-body problem in general relativity. It also shows that the 2PN equations of motion can be mapped. This can be done by means of an appropriate canonical transformation, to a geodesic motion in a static, spherically symmetric spacetime, thus considerably simplifying the dynamics. Then, including the 2.5PN radiation reaction force in the (resummed) equations of motion, this chapter provides the waveform during the inspiral, merger, and ringdown phases of the coalescence of two non-spinning black holes into a final Kerr black hole. The chapter also comments on the current developments of this approach, which is instrumental in building the libraries of waveform templates that are needed to analyze the data collected by the current gravitational wave detectors.
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Kockelman, Paul. Secrecy, Poetry, and Being-Free. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190636531.003.0003.
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This chapter asks two questions: What are some of the secrets of networks? And what might constitute their poetics, an aesthetic means of revealing their secrets? It leverages the relation between codes and channels, delving into two topics that link them: degrees of freedom and secrets. By degrees of freedom is meant the number of independent dimensions needed to specify the state of a system. This chapter argues that even relatively commensurate systems, which have identical degrees of freedom, can have different secrets—understood as inherent symmetries that organize their sense-making capacities. This chapter also shows how channels as well as codes can have inherent secrets (in addition to their ability to keep and reveal secrets in more stereotypic ways). By extending the notion of poetics, it shows how such systems can be made to reveal their secrets. As will be seen, all this is a way of reinterpreting the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (i.e., the idea that the language one speaks affects the way one thinks), such that this hypothesis can be usefully applied to media more generally (such as interfaces, algorithms, infrastructure, and networks).
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Crysmann, Berthold. Inferential-realizational morphology without rule blocks. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712329.003.0008.
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The chapter outlines a formal theory of inferential-realizational morphology that eliminates (ordered) rule blocks. I show that rule blocks not only stand in the way of a more general treatment of variable morphotactics, but that they also artificially restrict the scope of Pāṇinian competition, effectively ruling out operation at a distance. Instead, it argues for a purely information-based model of global competition that reconciles competition with extended exponence by means of a distinction between realization and allomorphic conditioning. It shows, in particular, that arbitrary decisions with respect to this distinction can be eliminated, once Carstairs’s (1987) notion of Pure Sensitivity has been turned into a formal principle of our theory. Finally, the chapter shows how Information-based Morphology can account for symmetric cases of extended exponence by simultaneous introduction of exponents since the theory is able to capture many-to-many relations between form and function at the level of individual rules.
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Lorino, Philippe. Value and valuation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0008.
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The organizing inquiry continuously requires such value assessments as: “Are we on the right track? Is our action fair, effective?” Subjectivist approaches view value as an affective manifestation of isolated subjects, objectivist approaches as a scientific characteristic of situations. For pragmatists, value is neither subjective nor objective, but practical: Rather than value as a substantive feature, they consider valuation as an empirical act. The social process of valuation is a fundamental dimension of any action. The pragmatist view rejects the means/ends rationalist model, and stresses the relational nature of valuation: Valuation translates hypothetical values into practical ends-in-view, and thus contributes to redesigning and organizing activity, through a reciprocal and symmetrical mediation, the mediation of activity through ends (imposing a trial on the progress of activity towards ends-in-view) and the mediation of ends through activity (imposing a trial on the coherence of ends with activity and activity means).
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Rickles, Dean. Spaces. Redaktor Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.31.
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The concept of space has many distinct uses in science. Not only does it denote the three-dimensional physical space we walk through (and our mental representations thereof), but also abstract spaces of various kinds and higher dimensionality. Spaces provide a means of systematically and exhaustively representing possible distinct states of physical or abstract systems, allowing one to chart the motions, relationships, and other qualities that they might undergo, enter into, or possess. Such spaces can encode the possibilities of physical systems relative to laws of nature allowing us both to probe modal aspects of the world and to discover symmetries and redundancies in a theory (identifying “intrinsic structure”). This chapter reviews these various elements, giving many examples from distinct fields and attempts to draw some broad lessons on the significance of this more general concept of space.
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Eriksson, Olle, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist i Johan Hellsvik. Applications of Density Functional Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788669.003.0003.
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In this chapter we give examples of how density functional theory describes some of the most basic magnetic properties of a material. This involves spin and orbital moments, Heisenberg exchange parameters and magnetic form factors. Relativistic effects couple spin and orbital space and make magnetic materials anisotropic, which means that the ground state magnetization is oriented parallel or perpendicular to high symmetry directions of the crystalline structure. We also illustrate how well density functional theory describes cohesive properties and how magnetism influence these properties. These examples serve to give a general picture of how well density functional theory, as described in the previous chapters, can reproduce relevant features of magnetic materials, as well as to illustrate that the onset of spin-polarization can have drastic influence on all properties of a material.
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Tiwari, Sandip. Phase transitions and their devices. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759874.003.0004.
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Phase transitions as a collective response of an ensemble, with appearance of unique stable properties spontaneously, is critical to a variety of devices: electronic, magnetic, optical, and their coupled forms. This chapter starts with a discussion of broken symmetry and its manifestation in the property changes in thermodynamic phase transition and the Landau mean-field articulation. It then follows it with an exploration of different phenomena and their use in devices. The first is ferroelectricity—spontaneous electric polarization—and its use in ferroelectric memories. Electron correlation effects are explored, and then conductivity transition from electron-electron and electron-phonon coupling and its use in novel memory and device forms. This is followed by development of an understanding of spin correlations and interactions and magnetism—spontaneous magnetic polarization. The use and manipulation of the magnetic phase transition in disk drives, magnetic and spin-torque memory as well as their stability is explored. Finally, as a fourth example, amorphous-crystalline structural transition in optical, electronic, and optoelectronic form are analyzed. This latter’s application include disk drives and resistive memories in the form of phase-change as well as those with electochemical transport.
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Vigdor, Steven E. Trinity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814825.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 explains evidence for three generations of quarks and leptons, as needed to provide natural means for standard model CP violation. It describes the cross-generational mixing of quarks and of neutrinos of different flavor, and the matrices that characterize the mixing. CP violation from quark mixing is well measured but insufficient to explain the universe’s matter–antimatter imbalance, while CP violation in neutrino mixing is the subject of ongoing searches. Discoveries revealing and quantifying flavor oscillations among neutrinos from the sun and the atmosphere are reviewed. In describing attempts to understand the lightness and nature of neutrinos—whether they are Majorana neutrinos that are their own antiparticles—the chapter introduces the concept of chirality and searches for neutrinoless double beta decay. It also notes the strong CP problem, wherein nature maintains CP symmetry in interactions among the three quark colors even though quantum chromodynamics allows for sizable violations.
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Krotz, Ulrich, i Katerina Wright. CSDP Military Operations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0051.
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Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) operations, while still novel, are rapidly becoming a vital means through which Europe projects physical power and influence beyond its borders. This chapter analyses the EU’s multilateral, intergovernmental military operations, examining where and how the EU has pursued its emerging strategic interests around the globe. It first surveys the history and politics of the thirteen CSDP mweilitary operations launched since 2003. It then dissects the nature and diversity of military missions. While the EU has deployed, on average, some 3,000 military troops around the world each day, operations have varied widely in their mandate, the number of troops involved, the number of participating member states, and the symmetry with which states support and staff these missions. The analysis underscores that CSDP operations will remain an integral part of European politics and Europe’s search for its role and place in twenty-first-century world politics.
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Vanel, Hervé. Muzak-Plus and the Art of Participation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037993.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the composer John Cage's interest in Muzak and his concept of “Muzak-plus”. Cage's long-lasting interest in muzak was not because he liked Muzak, or that he was sympathetic to its alleged power. On the contrary, Cage often stated his distaste and, to a certain extent, his fear of Muzak. But he perceived his aversion for muzak as something to be somehow overcome. Cage first alluded to the concept of Muzak-plus in a piece he wrote in 1962 for the collective publication Module, Proportion, Symmetry, Rhythm. Muzak-plus is a situation where being creative never seemed so natural and unnoticeable an act (fulfilled simply while going through the room). In itself, the principle of listeners–performers–composers activating the space by simply traversing it recalls Cage's remark that actually “no one means to circulate his blood.” With Muzak-plus, one could barely dream of a more integrated form of art as life.
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Silva, Sergio Mendonça da, Sílvio Parodi Oliveira Camilo, Cristina Keiko Yamaguchi i Miguelangelo Gianezini. Indutores de políticas, programas e práticas socioambientais: análise das distribuidoras de energia elétrica do sul do Brasil. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-420-3.
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This study investigates determinants of socio-environmental practices, (mandatory and voluntary), as evidenced in southern Brazil’s electric energy distribution companies. It seeks to understand this phenomenon with interdisciplinary protection through theoretical constructs of Social Responsibility, Environmental Management, Evidence, Legitimacy, Reputation, and Institutional. This integration contributes to understanding the reasons why companies undertake and evidence their socio- -environmental practices to external audiences. The literature suggests that socio-environmental practices are explained by various reasons, such as: enforced by legal impositions and/or voluntariness, to strengthen legitimacy, maintain and develop a reputation, and by isomorphism of the competitive operating environment. Given the above, the objective of this work is to investigate factors that determine the disclosure of socio-environmental practices in electricity distribution companies in the south of Brazil. In the methodological aspects, a qualitative approach was used, with descriptive and exploratory objectives. As a research strategy, a multichannel study was applied through two electricity distribution companies in the south of the country, CELESC Distribuição S.A. (Centrais Elétricas de Santa Catarina) and COPEL Distribuição S.A. (Companhia Paranaense de Energia). Data collection took place in two stages, the first one with a search on documentary, physical and virtual basis, and the second stage using a semi-structured interview with professionals from the Social and Environmental Responsibility area of each of the companies surveyed. The information collected was related to the period of 2014, 2015, and 2016. The results showed that the Annual Reports, service stations, and participation in external events constitute the primary means and channels of evidence of socio-environmental practices. There was a greater tendency to develop social practices. However, there are programs focused on climate change, conscious consumption and electricity saving, social inclusion, recovery of citizenship, and people’s quality of life. The COPEL company presented a tendency to evidence voluntary practices with more intensity, also showing consistency and maintenance of the programs during the studied period. Regarding corporate and sustainability policies, it was noted that companies adopt very similar strategies. It is concluded that the age, size, and corporate reputation of companies are the main determinants of socio-environmental practices, highlighting the presence of mimetic isomorphism characterized by the use of the same types of means and channels of evidence and by the symmetry of practices and policies developed by companies CELESC and COPEL.