Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Sydenham Trading Company Limited”

The Swedish Africa Company (Svenska Afrikakompaniet, SAK) was a chartered trading company which conducted a limited and short-lived trade in the middle of the seventeenth century. Its political and economic significance for Sweden itself was negligible, and in West Africa the Company was one of the smallest and shortest lived of trading companies. At first glance, the SAK appears to be merely a historical curiosity and therefore outside the interest of scientific research. Yet closer examination reveals that the Company was actually quite profitable. An understanding of how t i achieved its success will surely add to our knowledge about European trade in West Africa.

The total size of the edible oils market in India was estimated to be 13 million tons (mt) out of which imports amounted to about 4 mt. This made India the largest importer of edible oils in the world. Various edible oils are consumed in the India depending on the regional tastes and preferences. A differential in the duties on oil seed and oils made it favorable to import edible oils instead of oilseeds. Similarly, a differential duty between the refined oil and the raw oil encouraged the import of raw oil in order to support the domestic refineries. Adani Wilmar Limited (AWL) was a part of the Adani group, which started as a trading company mainly into exports of commodities. The group had recently entered into the infrastructure sector with the building of the Mundra port. The group had formed a joint venture with Wilmar Trading of Singapore to enter into the edible oil business. The company was setting up a re.nery with capacity of 600 tons per day. It planned to sell half of the production as bulk oil and the rest as packed oil. The company viewed supply chain management as one of the important means to get a competitive edge. Approximately 70% of the total logistics cost was accounted for by transportation cost. Some of the key decisions the company faced was the location of the warehouses, mode choice and routing.

In the history of India of the 17th century, the activities of European trading companies started in India, mostly English, Portuguese, Dutch, and French have been studied mostly about them. But at the same time there was another major trading company. The one we are studying here was the Danish East India Company. The main purpose of this thesis is to know how this company was established. And how this company, despite its limited resources, continued its economic activities in India and South-East Asia. Along with this, what challenges did the company face from its representatives in India. and how the company had relations with the local rulers in India. In the end, due to many reasons, this company collapsed earlier than other European companies.

What's in a name? Well quite a lot really, and first of all, an explanation is required of our company name. PMT Limited is the trading name used for our core business area of North Staffordshire. The original full title was ‘The Potteries Motor Traction Company Limited’ but it is the abbreviation to PMT by which we have been known and loved for many decades – and who are we to argue with our customers? Under the terms of the 1985 Transport Act, we became one of the early management buyouts from the government-owned National Bus Company and chose to call the new company just PMT Limited.

The objective of the research is to analyze the performance of a Trading Company through cost-volume-profit with reference to Salt Trading Corporation Limited. The major goal of this paper is to scrutinize the financial performance from 2069-70, as well as its influence on the economic growth of Nepal. According to the findings, Salt Trading Corporation has a low contribution margin, low P/V ratio, high breakeven point, and low margin of safety. It further indicates that cost and breakeven point have a positive correlation as sales price and breakeven point have a negative correlation. The company's condition is very poor and requires effective improvement in the given situation.

The issuance of Government Regulation Number 29 Year 2016 concerning Changes in the Authorized Capital of Limited Liability has an impact on the founders of the company related to the cost reduction of the establishment of a Limited Liability Company which gives freedom to the founders of the company in determining the legal basis of a Limited Liability Company. Limited Liability Company is a company that carries out trading activities. Every company that carries out trading activities is obliged to take care of the Trade Business License. The making of Trade Business License is regulated in the Minister of Trade's Regulation No. 46 / M-DAG / PER / 9/2009 concerning Issuance of Trading Business License. One of the conditions is to have a wealth of Rp 50,000,000 (fifty million rupiah). From this regulation arises a norm conflict between the Government Regulation and the Ministerial Regulation. The problems arising from this research are the process of establishing a limited company and how is the legal implication of establishing a limited company in making a trade business license with government regulation number 29 of 2016. This research is a normative study with a legal approach and a legal concept analysis approach. The process of establishing a limited liability company is by ordering the name of the company online, then making the deed of establishment of a Limited Liability Company with the conditions set. After all is fulfilled, then the registration is done online on the web https://www.ahu.go.id. the legal implications of establishing a Limited Company in making Trade Business License with Government Regulation Number 29 of 2016 is that the company's founder can make Trade Business License with an authorized capital based on the agreement of the company's founders. Terbitnya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 29 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Modal Dasar Perseroan Terbatas berdampak pada pendiri perseroan terkait keringanan biaya pendirian Perseroan Terbatas (PT) yang memberikan kebebasan bagi para pendiri perseroan dalam menentukan bersaran modal dasar Perseroan Terbatas. Perseroan Terbatas merupakan perusahaan yang didalamnya melakukan kegiatan perdagangan. Setiap perushaaan yang melakukan kegiatan perdagangan wajib untuk mengurus Surat Izin Usaha Perdangan (SIUP). Pembuatan SIUP diatur dalam Perautran Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 46/M-DAG/PER/9/2009 tentang Penerbitan Surat Izin Usaha Perdagangan. Salah satu syaratnya adalah memiliki kekayaan sebesar Rp 50.000.000, (lima puluh juta rupiah). Dari peraturan tersebut timbul konflik norma antara Peraturan Pemerintah dengan Peraturan Menteri tersebut. Adapun permasalahan yang timbul dari penelitian ini adalah Bagaimanakah Proses Pendirian Persoran Terbatas dan Bagaimanakah Implikasi Hukum Pendirian Perseoran Terbatas Dalam Membuat Surat Izin Usaha Perdagangan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 29 Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian normatif dengan pendeketan undang-undang dan pendekatan analisis konsep hukum. Peroses pendirian perseroan terbatas yaitu dengan memesan nama perseroan secara online, lalu pembuatan akta pendirian Perseroan Terbatas dengan syarat-syarat yang telah diatur. Setelah semua terpenuhi baru dilakukan pendaftarkan melalui online di web https://www.ahu.go.id. implikasi hukum pendirian Perseoran Terbatas dalam membuat SIUP dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 29 Tahun 2016 adalah pendiri perseroan dapat membuat SIUP dengan modal dasar kesepakatan para pendiri perseroan.

The Act of 11 April 2003 on shaping the agricultural system introduced a number of restrictions on trading in agricultural property. As of 30 April 2016, the regulations of the Act also apply to companies undergoing a division, change of status or a merger. In this article a change of status of a company which owns agricultural real estate was analysed. For practical reasons, the most common situation of this kind is the conversion of a limited liability company into a public limited company. The analysis of this has revealed that the construction of legal regulations regulating this issue is highly imprecise. However, the biggest problem seems to be the fact that statutory objectives provided for in the Act have not been achieved. In the case of a conversion of a limited liability company into a public limited company, the shareholders of the limited liability company become shareholders of the public limited company, so from the substantive law point of view, the same entity continues to exist. Solutions of this kind do not make any legal sense and certainly do not achieve any of the objectives set out in the Act analysed.

The capital market is the meeting place between supply and demand in trading securities, including stocks, which is proof of ownership of a company in exchange for shareholders' rights to profits or dividends. Although there are two main groups of shareholders, namely majority and minority, both groups have equal status in company ownership. To protect shareholders, capital market and limited liability company laws provide legal protection, including in cases of dissolution of insurance companies. In this research, normative legal methods were used to analyze relevant laws. The results show that shareholders' legal protection is contained in capital market and limited liability company laws, which give shareholders the right to file a lawsuit or request a company inspection if they feel aggrieved. The case of the dissolution of an insurance company by OJK shows that the institution can carry out its supervisory role and guarantee legal protection for shareholders by ensuring the company is responsible for losses incurred.

The objective of the paper is to present one method that solves the problem of election of a suitable export strategy using method of multi criteria evaluation. The initial hypothesis assumes limited financial and personal resources of a company generating necessity of incremental penetration to export markets with dependence on budget and expected results. The method also assumes individual choice of a single export strategy for each market. Number of formulated export strategies equals to the number of penetrated markets. The process of formulation of a new strategy consists of two steps. In the first step, an export market is chosen and in the second step, one of the export strategies is attached to the export market. The company management according to the company orientation and the management experience creates criteria for market selection. The method is supported with software that leads the company management through the entire process of export strategy formulation. The final order of suitable export strategies for the chosen market allows management to elect the best ranked variant or discuss about the order of export strategies and justify the diversion from strict mathematic evaluation of entered data.

The supplying of raw materials and products plays an extremely vital role in meeting demands and goals of an enterprise, especially keeping a balance between product production and consumption. If a company knows how to manage its supply chain, it will help develop sustainability and easily compete with competitors, thereby rocketing profits tremendously and serving consumers wholeheartedly. Vietnamese businesses in the international market recognize the significance of the supply chain in creating competitive advantages and boosting companies’ performance. This analysis delves into the knowledge and practices of supply chain management in Vietnam, by using qualitative research methods such as observing input processes of supply chains. Also, in-depth interviews will identify key factors causing current issues in management activities of Tan Long Trading and Service Technology Company. After demonstrating the present state and ways to manage its supply chain, this research proposes some valuable reference solutions to save costs, enhance customer service and optimize profits for similar businesses in the market.

Master´s thesis deals with possibility of choice different legal forms of business in the economic environment of Czech republic and choice of the enterprise which is the most suitable from the sight of income tax. I deal with choice of an appropriate type of partnership and comparison of different legal forms, which are based on the analysis of individual types of partnership by important criteria. Especially I focused on the criterion of the tax burden. Besides of the criterion of the tax burden it´s necessary also mention and judge the proper place - seat of an individual/a legal entity which is connected with taxation to the individual country. And take possibility of international tax planning into consideration. The aim of the thesis is to find and choose the most appropriate legal form of the enterprise to the potential entrepreneur.

Corporate Governance hat einen radikalen Wandel in Europa seit den 1990er Jahren durchgemacht. Der Wandel ist konsolidiert und ist nun Teil des Rechts der modernen Aktiengesellschaften. Brasilianisches Recht wird immer durch die europäische Gesetzgebung inspiriert. Unsere Studie fragt, aus einer vergleichenden Sicht, ob sich das brasilianische Unternehmensrecht auf die europäische Corporate Governance bezieht. Wir konzentrieren uns in Europa auf das deutsche Recht, das englische Recht, das französische Recht und das europäische Recht. Unsere Analyse geht über die Herzen der Unternehmensführung und umfasst Teile, die dem Kapitalmarkt- und dem Umweltrecht angehören, da sie selbstverständlich auch eine Verbindung mit der Corporate Governance und dem Aktienrecht haben. Das Verständnis des Kerns der Unternehmensführung, welcher die Organisation der Verwaltungsorgane der börsennotierten Aktiengesellschaft ist, hängt von der Analyse der rechtlichen Behandlung von Neben-Themen, die aber verwandt sind, ab, wie die Regeln über die Haftung.
Corporate governance has undergone a radical change in Europe since the 1990s. Change has now consolidated and is part of the company law. Brazilian law has always been inspired by European legislation. Our study asks, from a comparative perspective, if the Brazilian corporate law relates to the European corporate governance. In Europe, we focus on German law, English law, French law and Community law. Our analysis goes beyond the heart of corporate governance and includes parts of capital markets law and environmental law, because they obviously also have a connection with corporate governance and company law. The understanding of the core of corporate governance, which is the organization of administrative bodies of the listed company on a regulated market, depends on the analysis of the legal treatment of incidental subjects, but related, as the regime of liability.

碩士
樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
101
This thesis aims to research on the factors affecting customer satisfaction with the tire supply services of Khanh Giang J.S.C. The research model inherited from SERVQUAL model adding one new factor “competitiveness of price”. The research results showed that there were four factors influencing customer satisfaction with Khanh Giang company’s services, they are: (1)competitiveness of price,(2)reliability and responsiveness, (3)empathy, and (4) assurance. The results also proved that for the spare parts supply services, there were no differences between different groups of customers classified by demographic criteria. All of these four factors had positive and direct impact on customer satisfaction with services. In addition, the research results also provided information to suggest and find solutions for increasing the satisfaction level of employees with current service quality of the company. It proved that the SERVQUAL was a reliable scale applied for evaluating the quality of service and customer satisfaction. Finally, the study also pointed out its limitations and directions for further researches.

碩士
輔仁大學
織品服裝學系碩士班
107
The purpose of this essay is to analyze the business partnership and working pattern in between garment manufactory and agent in textile industry in Taiwan. First of all, the essay is based on the documents of industry analysis and interviews with experienced executive managers in textile industry to determine bottleneck existed in the industry. Secondly, Makalot Industrial Company Ltd., (included textile, apparel products) and Li and Fung is used as a case study in this essay. Items analyzed include competitive advantages of these two companies, strategy, logistics, enterprise culture and reengineering analysis. All import elements derived from this analysis are categorized as key successful factors and core competencies competitive advantages found in this study of Makalot Industrial Company Ltd. and Li and Fung are: 1. Definition of partnership 2. Definition of commitments 3. Advantage of reciprocal dependence 4. Benefit of working with agent 5. Business model changes in the textile industrial 6. Method of long term win win partnership

Pracę rozpocznie szczegółowa analiza zagadnienia pierwotnego celu gospodarczego, realizowanego w formie prawnej spółki akcyjnej oraz ewolucji celu gospodarczego spółki z o.o. Na podstawie dokonanej analizy sformułowany zostanie wniosek o daleko idącym zatarciu się różnic gospodarczych pomiędzy spółką akcyjną niepubliczną (de lege lata modelową), a spółką z o.o. Analiza prawno porównawcza ukaże postępujące rozpowszechnienie zliberalizowanej formy spółki akcyjnej w zagranicznych systemach prawnych oraz występowanie pewnej anomalii w polskim systemie prawa spółek. Zostanie bowiem wykazane, iż przeważająca część polskich spółek akcyjnych niepublicznych to w rzeczywistości mikroprzedsiębiorcy, oraz przedsiębiorcy mali i średni. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiona zostanie normatywna płaszczyzna zjawiska zacierania się różnic pomiędzy spółką akcyjną niepubliczną a spółką z o.o. Analizie poddane zostanie powstanie oraz pogłębienie się różnic regulacyjnych pomiędzy spółką akcyjną niepubliczną oraz spółką publiczną. Następnie ukazana zostanie ewolucja spółki z o.o. w kierunku upodabniającym ją do spółki akcyjnej niepublicznej. W efekcie zaprezentowany zostanie wniosek o znacznym zatarciu się różnic konstrukcyjnych pomiędzy spółką z o.o. a spółką akcyjną niepubliczną, przy równoczesnym poglębieniu się różnic pomiędzy spółką z o.o. a spółką publiczną. Podjęta zostanie również próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o przyczyny występowania w Polsce wskazanej powyżej "anomalii systemowej". Następnie zostanie postawione pytanie o aksjologiczne uzasadnienie występujących współcześnie różnic normatywnych pomiędzy spółką akcyjną niepubliczną, a spółką z o.o. Jako aksjologiczny fundament instytucji tradycyjnie postrzeganych jako charakterystyczne dla modelowej spółki akcyjnej zidentyfikowane zostanie występowanie w spółkach akcyjnych masowego akcjonariatu. Jako warunek sine qua non występowania w spółkach akcyjnych masowego akcjonariatu wskazana zostanie zaś swobodna zbywalność praw udziałowych. Zbywalność taka nie jest de facto możliwa w spółkach akcyjnych niepublicznych, gdyż pozbawione są one dostępu do odpowiedniego forum wymiany. Brak takiego forum wynika natomiast z braku wystarczających obowiązków informacyjnych spółek akcyjnych niepublicznych, co sprawia, że to na ewentualnym nabywcy akcji ciąży konieczność samodzielnego i kosztownego badania stanu spraw spółki celem podjęcia decyzji inwestycyjnej. Koszty te uniemożliwiają nabywania tychże akcji przez drobnych, nieprofesjonalnych akcjonariuszy. Z tej właśnie przyczyny spółki te pozbawione są – tak samo jak i spółki z o.o. – masowego akcjonariatu. W efekcie zatem w spółkach akcyjnych niepublicznych bez wystarczającego uzasadnienia aksjologicznego pozostają tak charakterystyczne instytucje spółki akcyjnej jak m.in. zasada "surowości" statutu spółki akcyjnej (art. 304 § 3 i 4 KSH) oraz obowiązek ustanowienia rady nadzorczej. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy rozważona zostanie koncepcja zastąpienia tradycyjnego, typologicznego podziału spółek kapitałowych na spółkę akcyjną oraz spółkę z o.o. podziałem funkcjonalnym, opartym na kryterium swobodnego obrotu prawami udziałowymi. W efekcie przyjęcia takiego podziału należałoby wyodrębnić spółkę akcyjną otwartą (obejmującą współczesne spółki publiczne) oraz spółkę akcyjną zamkniętą – obejmującą współczesne spółki akcyjne niepubliczne i zbliżoną do współczesnej spółki z o.o. Nie wydaje się jednak koniecznym tworzenie nowej formy prawnej ("prostej" spółki akcyjnej). Potrzebom drobnych przedsiębiorców (w tym tzw. start-upów) odpowiadałoby raczej generalne uelastycznienie zarówno spółki akcyjnej, jak i spółki z o.o. Zidentyfikowane zostaną również przyczyny występowania w Polsce tak znacznej liczby spółek akcyjnych niepublicznych o zamkniętej strukturze akcjonariatu. W tej właśnie kwestii zostaną przedstawione najpilniejsze postulaty de lege ferenda.
A dissertation begins with a comprehensive analysis of the primal economic purpose of the joint-stock company and of the limited liability company economic purpose evolution. As a result of said analysis, I shall present a conclusion that differences between economic purpose of joint-stock company and of the limited liability company have diminished to the great extent. This concusion applies to a non-listed joint-stock company which is currently preceived as a model joint-stock company. A comparative study shall reveal a progressive spread of a deregulated forms of joint-stock company in foreign legal systems. Besides it will also reveal some kind of anomaly in the Polish legal system. I shall demonstrate that most of Polish joint-stock companies are in fact micro-, small and medium entrepreneurs. In the next step, I will provide a description of a normative side of the diminishing differences between non-listed company and limited liability company. I shall describe the development and progress of regulatory differences between listed and non-listed joint-stock companies. Then, the evolution of a limited liability company towards the non-listed company shall also be presented. As a result of said analysis, I shall present a conclusion that legal differences between non-listed company and limited liability company have also diminished. At the same time, legal differences between isted company and limited liability company have widened. I will also try to explain the cause of the abovementioned 'systemic anomaly'. I shall raise the question of axiological rationale for existing legal differences between non-listed company and limited liability company. Open structure of company's ownership will be identified as the axiological foundation of legal institutions unique for a model joint-stock company. At the same time, a free transferability of share rights will be identified as the open ownership structure's conditio sine qua non. In practice, such free transferability does not occur in case of non-listed companies, which don't have an access to a necessary exchange forum. Absence of such forum results from the absence of a proper disclosure requirements: it is hypothetical buyer of shares who is encumbered with a burden of due dilligence for sake of an investment decision. This due dilligence process is costly enough to limit the ability of individual, non-professional investors to acquire shares in non-listed joint-stock companies. Therefore, these companies don't have an open structure of ownership, just like the limited liability companies. As a result, many legal institutions unique for a joint-stock company (e.g. restrictive limitation of the joint-stock company statute's flexibility, as set out in the KSH Article 304 § 3 and 4 KSH) have no sufficient axiological rationale in a non-listed joint-stock company. As a result of the conducted analysis, I shall consider the alternative concept of companies classification. I will analyse a replacement of the traditional, typological distinction between the joint-stock company and limited liability company by the functional distinction based on the criterion of free transferability of shares. Such distinction would require to distinguish an open joint-stock company (covering current listed company) and a closed joint-stock company (covering current non-listed joint-stock company and limited liability company). However, it does not seem necessary to create a new legal form (a 'simplified' joint-stock company). The needs of small entrepreneurs (including so-called start-ups) would suit more general flexibility of both joint-stock companies and limited liability companies. The reasons for the presence in Poland of such a significant number of non-listed joint-stock companies with closed shareholding structure will also be identified. This is where the most urgent de lege ferenda demands will be presented.

The dissertation deals with legal, accounting and taxation aspects of liquidation of trading corporations. Based on an analysis, it evaluates aspects in the liquidation process of trading corporations under the conditions of the Czech Republic´s legislation. It provides an outline of the liquidation process and the liquidator´s activities, it points out legislative changes and hazard moments of the liquidation process.

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter reviews the law on business organization and business formation. The five main types of business organization (trading structure) applicable in England and Wales are: sole trader; simple partnership; limited liability partnership; private limited company; and public limited company. Sole trader organizations are very flexible but expose the owner to unlimited liability for losses, whilst operating a limited company limits potential losses of the shareholders but is subject to external regulation. A partnership can be ‘simple’, ‘limited’, or a ‘limited liability partnership’. Private limited companies are not required to have a minimum share capital but public limited companies require a minimum of £50,000 allotted share capital on registration.

Because of limited liability, creditor protection has always been a feature of company law. Large creditors can contract ex ante for customised protection and the law facilitates this in various ways, notably by the creation of the floating charge. Non-adjusting creditors require the protection of mandatory rules, at least in some situations. Creditor protection in relation to companies in the vicinity of insolvency is now well established, not only through ‘wrongful trading’ but also via transaction invalidity rules and directors’ disqualification. For going-concern companies the emphasis is on rules restricting the shifting assets to shareholders via distributions and associated rules relating to the maintenance of capital.

Because of limited liability, creditor protection has always been a feature of company law. Large creditors can contract ex ante for customised protection and the law facilitates this in various ways, notably by the creation of the floating charge. Non-adjusting creditors require the protection of mandatory rules, at least in some situations. Creditor protection in relation to companies in the vicinity of insolvency is now well established, not only through ‘wrongful trading’ but also via transaction invalidity rules and directors’ disqualification. For going-concern companies the emphasis is on rules restricting the shifting assets to shareholders via distributions and associated rules relating to the maintenance of capital.

This chapter provides an overview of certain aspects of major settlement systems and clearing systems in the UK. It focuses on CREST, a UK electronic settlement system that is operated by Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited (EUI) in London. It also recounts how CREST became part of the Euroclear group in September 2002, when it merged with Euroclear Bank SA/NV and became its wholly owned subsidiary. This chapter draws attention to LCH Limited, a private limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales and was formerly called the London Clearing House Limited. It describes how LCH provides CCP clearing services in respect of trades on a wide range of exchanges, trading platforms, and OTC markets.

Considering the necessity to build up corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in general and sustainability in particular under statutory obligations, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India had notified in Companies Act 2013 (section 135) that every public limited company and private limited company having net worth of more than 500 crore or turnover more than 1000 crore or net profit more than 5 crore needs to comply with CSR rules (i.e., contributing 2% or more for the welfare of society following the prescribed guidelines under Schedule VII). The chapter focuses on CSR activities of companies registered under BSE SENSEX and evaluating their current status in CSR activities from the perspective of the broad heading of planet and people. A detailed analysis is done to highlight the current situation of the companies towards sustainable development through corporate sustainability index and statistical tools like Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test to represent the contributions of these companies towards the environmental responsibilities. The study of CSR reveals the endeavors of surveyed companies towards the holistic development covering the noteworthy issue of environmental protection and sustainability; however, a continuous vigil from the regulatory bodies is the need of the hour to ensure that adherence to CSR practices should not only be in mere form but in true spirits.

This study utilizes a fixed effect model to examine the impact of social media on the securities market based on big data, by crawling news data from online media. The analysis incorporates the effective market hypothesis, the theory of limited attention, and the theory of excessive attention on weakness. The empirical findings indicate that the number of media reports has a limited effect on daily stock excess returns, but significantly influences stock trading volume. Furthermore, when considering factors such as company size, media reporting intensity, and the duration of media effect, it is observed that media reporting plays a more prominent role in smaller companies. However, excessive media reporting can lead to insufficient market response and shorter duration of media effect.

This chapter examines the ways in which trusts could be used by stock traders to stabilise business structures and emulate some of the benefits of incorporation, and even limited liability in the testamentary context. One of these ways was settling legal title to the assets of the business on a fixed body of trustees, who acted as its legal personality, and held the assets for the benefit of the business owners. This chapter explores the way that traders could make use of this device to try and emulate some of the benefits of incorporation, despite the business's lack of its own legal personality, and in the face of the perception of the owner-run partnership as the most stable and moral form of trading. In that way, it examines the extent to which the law of trusts met the needs of traders in the Regency era and so facilitated trade. In so doing, it shows that Regency era trusts were not simply part of the law of real property, as has commonly been supposed, but could be used in two forms of business: the deed of settlement company and the testamentary trading trust.

A crystal ball methodology that foresees the future is probably one of the most sought-after tools by any organization operating in this ever-changing world. The ability to correctly navigate through uncertainties and drastic changes in the external environment is found to be limited when an inward perspective of the company is utilized. The measurement of performance indicator and the mining of usable information in a sea of big data, among other approaches, may provide limited results in guiding the company towards choosing effective strategic decisions that will sustain the company in the future. This chapter is an effort to pursue an alternative perspective in planning by using Scenario Planning, a group thinking process that encourages knowledge exchange and development of mutual deeper understanding of central issues important to the future of an organization. Applying Scenario Planning framework, a structured approach is elaborated to describe a replicable methodology for sensing critical uncertainties in the external environment. These uncertainties are then utilized as the foundations for creating scenarios, which are attempts at vivid visualizations of how the future may look like. In this research, the effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated on the supply chain of Clariant, a Specialty Chemicals Company headquartered in Switzerland, by developing three scenarios that are sample representations of a whole range of plausible futures. These scenarios are differentiated by combinations of high and low conditions of the three critical uncertainties identified: (1) Emergence of trading blocks, (2) Changing consumer needs/behavior, and (3) Changes in logistics infrastructure. These critical uncertainties are also used to further design a new breed of indicators that are used as ground-sensors to monitor which direction the future is heading to. In addition, Scenario Planning also provides a fertile platform on which organizational learning can organically grow. The steps used in the methodology forces users of the scenarios to challenge existing mental models resulting to a wider perspective and appreciation of the dynamics that surround and impact an organization in the future.