Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Surface generation techniques

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Surface generation techniques”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Surface generation techniques"

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Nafi, Muhammad Abdun, i Muhammad Pervej Jahan. "Functional Surface Generation by EDM—A Review". Micromachines 14, nr 1 (31.12.2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010115.

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Electro-discharge machining (EDM) removes electrically conductive materials by high frequency spark discharges between the tool electrode and the workpiece in the presence of a dielectric liquid. Being an electrothermal process and with melting and evaporation being the mechanisms of material removal, EDM suffers from migration of materials between the tool and the workpiece. Although unwanted surface modification was considered a challenge in the past for many applications, this inherent nature of the EDM process has recently become of interest to the scientific community. As a result, researchers have been focusing on using the EDM process for surface modification and coating by targeted surface engineering. In order to engineer a surface or generate functional coatings using the electro-discharge process, proper knowledge of the EDM process and science of electro-discharge surface modification must be understood. This paper aims to provide an overview of the electro-discharge surface modification and coating processes, thus assisting the readers on exploring potential applications of EDM-based techniques of surface engineering and coating generation. This review starts with a brief introduction to the EDM process, the physics behind the EDM process, and the science of the surface modification process in EDM. The paper then discusses the reasons and purposes of surface modification and coating practices. The common EDM-based techniques reported in the literature for producing coatings on the surface are discussed with their process mechanisms, important parameters, and design considerations. The characterization techniques used for the analysis of modified surfaces and coating layers, as well as the tribological and surface properties of modified surfaces or coatings are discussed. Some of the important applications of EDM-based surface modification and coating processes are generating surfaces for protective coating, for aesthetic purposes, for enhancing the biocompatibility of implants, for improving corrosion resistance, for improving wear resistance, and for improving tribological performance. The current state of the research in these application areas is discussed with examples. Finally, suggestions are provided on future research directions and innovative potential new applications of the electro-discharge-based surface engineering and coating processes.
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Ghafurian, Mohammad Mustafa, Hamid Niazmand, Ehsan Ebrahimnia-Bajestan i Robert A. Taylor. "Wood surface treatment techniques for enhanced solar steam generation". Renewable Energy 146 (luty 2020): 2308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.036.

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Wong, Kiing S., Nicholas S. L. Chew, Mary Low i Ming K. Tan. "Plasma-Activated Water: Physicochemical Properties, Generation Techniques, and Applications". Processes 11, nr 7 (23.07.2023): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072213.

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Plasma-activated water (PAW) is water that has been treated with atmospheric pressure plasma. Due to the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), PAW can be used in various applications such as (1) surface disinfection and food decontamination, (2) enhancement in seed germination, and (3) enhancement in surface cooling in the nucleate boiling regime. Briefly, for surface disinfection, the reactive species in PAW can induce oxidative stress on microbes; for enhancement of seed germination, the reactive species in PAW can trigger seed germination and provide nutrients; for enhancement in surface cooling, the reactive species cause a reduction in the surface tension of PAW, facilitating the phase-change heat transfer and, quite unexpectedly, minimizing the surface oxidation. Here, we review the physicochemical properties of PAW, the three commonly used techniques (plasma jet, dielectric barrier discharge, and corona discharge) for generating atmospheric pressure plasma, and the use of PAW for the above three applications. In particular, we review the recent development of the miniaturization of the plasma generator integrated with an acoustic neutralizer to produce plasma-activated aerosols, elimination of the need for storage, and the interesting physicochemical properties of PAW that lead to cooling enhancement.
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Tong, Gang, Maria Savchenko i Ichiro Hagiwara. "Polygonal Mesh Partitioning for NURBS Surface Generation". Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (luty 2011): 1824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1824.

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Surface reconstruction and NURBS surface generation based on 3D surface mesh partitioning are more essential today. In this paper, we present a new method of automatic partitioning complex surface meshes into the bounded regions with four corner points (quadrilateral regions) based on using control points (notches) for NURBS surface generation. The procedure of this method consists of 4 major steps: (1) the 3D polygons mapping into 2D polygons; (2) convex decomposition of the polygons in the 2D space; (3) subdivision of each polygons into quadrilateral regions; (4) mapping the received 2D regions onto the 3D original surface mesh. Main contribution in this paper is automatic partitioning of the 3D segmented parts of complex surfaces into quadrilateral regions based on combination of segmentation, mapping, and subdivision techniques. Automatic partitioning allows us to create not rectangular but quadrilateral regions without using any user-dependent parameters for further NURBS surface generation.
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Chen, Y. J., i B. Ravani. "Offset Surface Generation and Contouring in Computer-Aided Design". Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 109, nr 1 (1.03.1987): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258777.

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Two computational techniques are presented for Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Machining (CAM) of parametrically defined surfaces. One technique deals with construction of offset surfaces. An algorithm is presented that would allow detection and removal of the closed loop on the offset surface due to its self-intersection. The second computational technique presented deals with contouring of parametric surfaces. The technique presented allows for optimal generation of planar contour lines. The results are applied to Numerical Control (NC) machining of surfaces.
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Iancu, Florin, John Trevino i Steven Sommer. "Numerical Analysis of Blade Geometry Generation Techniques for Centrifugal Compressors". International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2007 (2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/48683.

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It is a known fact that machined impellers result in improved compressor performance compared to cast impellers of the same design. The performance improvements can be attributed to better surface finish, more accurate geometric definition (tighter dimensional tolerances), well-defined edges, and the lack of blade tip fillet on shrouded impellers. In addition, it has been observed through experimental investigations that the construction method of the impellers has an impact on performance. This paper presents computational fluid dynamic investigations of two types of impellers, with blade surfaces generated using straight-line elements (SLEs) and CAD arbitrary definitions. Because there are many different mathematical definitions that CAD tools employ for curves, the resulting arbitrary blade surface is not unique. The numerical results will help understand the causes of the performance differences as well as the effects of SLE blades on the flow through the impeller. Input conditions for computational dynamic simulations are based on experimental results. All references to experimental data in the present paper are for cast impellers. Therefore, the differences in performance are attributed to blade definition (SLE versus other) and not to differences resulting from manufacturing methods.
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Ma, Wan. "Isothermal hydrodynamic pressure and load carrying capacity of parallel rough surfaces based on FFT techniques". Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 44, nr 4 (1.12.2020): 602–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2019-0174.

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In lubricated contacts, the component macrogeometry (radius of curvature) determines the pressure generation, and the surface microgeometry (i.e., roughness) alters it somewhat. However, for parallel surfaces, the microgeometry completely determines the hydrodynamic lubrication. This paper extends earlier work to numerically solve the isothermal hydrodynamic pressure generation and load carrying capacity (LCC) of surfaces with more complicated roughness features. A fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based method is described to quickly obtain the pressure distribution. The method is applicable to both real surface topographies and artificially generated rough surfaces. Results show that it enables one to predict the hydrodynamic pressure, when cavitation is negligible. The relative error of the LCC over the central domain is smaller than 8% and a 500× time saving, compared with the numerical method, is obtained.
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Rasouli, Rahimeh, Ahmed Barhoum i Hasan Uludag. "A review of nanostructured surfaces and materials for dental implants: surface coating, patterning and functionalization for improved performance". Biomaterials Science 6, nr 6 (2018): 1312–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8bm00021b.

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CAVANAGH, M., J. R. POWER, J. F. McGILP, H. MÜNDER i M. G. BERGER. "OPTICAL SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION FROM POROUS SILICON IN UHV". Surface Review and Letters 01, nr 04 (grudzień 1994): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x94000722.

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The origin of the luminescence from porous Si (PS) is currently under intense scrutiny. Characterisation of this material on the atomic scale is difficult and optical techniques offer certain advantages. Ultrahigh vacuum studies of PS by optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) are presented. Excitation wavelengths corresponding to surface state and a suspected strain resonance from clean Si surfaces are used. Hydrogen-terminated and clean surfaces of Si(100) and PS are compared. The H-terminated surfaces give no signal under the excitation conditions used. On desorbing the hydrogen, a stable SH signal is obtained from the PS which has polarisation dependences different to those of clean Si(100), and which also differ between the surface and strain resonances.
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Ocaña, José L., Daniel Huerta-Murillo, Andrés Fabián Lasagni, Alfredo Ismael Aguilar-Morales, Sabri Alamri, Jose T. Cardoso, Angel García-Beltrán, Francisco Cordovilla i Ignacio Angulo. "Modification of Ti6Al4V surface properties by combined DLW-DLIP hierarchical micro-nano structuring". Advanced Optical Technologies 9, nr 3 (25.06.2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2019-0071.

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AbstractThe use of pulsed laser irradiation techniques has proven to be a clearly effective procedure for the achievement of surface properties modification via micro-/nano-structuration, different conceptual approaches having been the subject of research and extensively reported in the literature. Completing the broad spectrum of applications developed mostly involving the generation of structured surfaces (particularly of metallic materials) with specific contact, friction and wear functionalities, the application of laser sources to the surface structuration of metal surfaces for the modification of their wetability and corrosion resistance properties is considered. The particular problems found for the generation of the appropriate surface microstructure able to replicate the hydrophobic behaviour of some live structures present in nature, their long term stability and their amenability to macroscopic scale are discussed along with innovative methods to generate the required hierarchical micro-/nano-structures by a combination of the DLW and DLIP techniques.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Surface generation techniques"

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Guan, Yanlin. "Interactive and immersive surface interrogation techniques over triangulated surfaces". Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04142003-173417.

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Singh, Manjeet. "A Comparison of Rule Extraction Techniques with Emphasis on Heuristics for Imbalanced Datasets". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1282139633.

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Porfiri, Martina. "Digital surface model generation over urban areas using high resolution satellite SAR imagery : tomographic techniques and their application to 3-Dchange monitoring". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S035/document.

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L'urbanisation et la gestion de l'environnement urbain et sa périphérie deviennent l'un des problèmes les plus cruciaux dans les pays développés et en développement. Dans ces circonstances, les données de télédétection sont une source importante d'information qui reflète les interactions entre les êtres humains et leur environnement. Compte tenu de leur indépendance totale des contraintes logistiques sur le terrain, l'éclairage (lumière du jour) et météorologiques (nuages) conditions, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) les systèmes de satellites peuvent fournir des contributions importantes dans des environnements complexes de reconstruction 3-D. La nouvelle génération de haute résolution SAR capteurs comme COSMOSkyMed, TerraSAR-X RADARSAT-2 a permis d'acquérir des images SAR à haute résolution. Ici, l'attention est mis sur la technique pour l'imagerie 3-D nominée tomographie SAR: à partir d'une pile d'images ont été recueillies en utilisant les données multibaseline effectuées dans la configuration interférométrique, une telle technique permet d'extraire les informations de hauteur formant une ouverture synthétique dans la direction d'élévation afin d'obtenir une résolution sensiblement améliorée. Cette thèse de doctorat se concentre sur les potentialités élevées de techniques tomographiques en 3-D surveillance des changements et la caractérisation des zones complexes et denses bâties en utilisant des estimateurs mono-dimensionnelle de base comme Beamforming, Capon et MUSIC combinée au satellite très haute résolution des images SAR. 2-D et de l'analyse 3-D ont été présentés sur la zone urbaine de Paris en utilisant les données TerraSAR-X à haute résolution et de polarisation unique. Être porté principalement sur les techniques tomographiques 3-D, dans les méthodes de travail 4-D présentés, tels que le Compressive Sensing, ne sont pas pris en compte. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse de la qualité interférométrique de l'ensemble de données transformées a montré de bonnes valeurs de cohérence moyenne et ont permis de détecter des images considérées comme des valeurs aberrantes. L'extraction des tomographies 2-D sur l'azimut différent de profil a montré la capacité de distinguer plus d'un diffuseur à l'intérieur de la même cellule de résolution et de reconstituer les profilés de construction verticaux. Successivement, une caractérisation 3-D globale en terme de bâtiments hauteurs et réflectivité verticale a été réalisée dans le but de développer un outil de suivi des changements des structures simples. En outre, la possibilité de corriger les distorsions géométriques en raison de l'escale (qui affecte fortement ce genre de scénarios) et de déterminer les informations sur le nombre de diffuseurs (jusqu'à trois) et la réflectivité correspondant à l'intérieur d'une cellule de résolution ont été évalués
The urbanization and the management of urban environment and its periphery become one of the most crucial issues in developed and developing countries. In these circumstances, remote sensing data are an important source of information that reflects interactions between human beings and their environment. Given their complete independence from logistic constraints on the ground, illumination (daylight), and weather (clouds) conditions, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite systems may provide important contributions in complex environments 3-D reconstruction. The new generation of high resolution SAR sensors as COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 allowed to acquire high resolution SAR imagery. Here the attention is put on the 3-D imaging technique called SAR Tomography: starting from a stack of images collected using multibaseline data performed in interferometric configuration, such a technique allows to retrieve height information forming a synthetic aperture in the elevation direction in order to achieve a substantially improved resolution. The present PhD thesis is focused on the high potentialities of tomographic techniques in 3-D change monitoring and characterization for complex and dense built-up areas using basic mono-dimensional estimators as Beamforming, Capon and MUSIC combined to very high satellite SAR resolution imagery. 2-D and 3-D analysis have been presented over the urban area of Paris using TerraSAR-X data at high resolution and single polarisation. Being mainly focused on the 3-D tomographic techniques, in the presented work 4-D methods, such as compressive sensing (CS), have not been taken into account. At first, the analysis of the interferometric quality of the processed data set has been performed and results showed good mean coherence values within the entire stack. The extraction of 2-D tomograms over different azimuth-profile has showed the capabilities to distinguish more than one scatterer within the same resolution cell and to reconstruct the vertical building profiles. Successively, a global 3-D characterization both in term of buildings heights and vertical reflectivity has been performed in order to develop a monitoring tool for the changes of single structures. Moreover, the possibility to correct the geometric distortions due to the layover (that strongly affects such kind of scenarios) and to determine the information about the number of scatterers (up to three) and the corresponding reflectivity within one resolution cell have been evaluated. Moreover an innovative time stability analysis of the observed scene have been carried out in order to detect the stable and unstable scatterers. Globally, the investigations showed noisier and sparser point clouds for the Capon method, whereas better capabilities for the Beamforming and MUSIC ones. Indeed, it was possible to detect different scatterers located within the same resolution cell and to resolve pixels affected by the layover. This has lead to perform a good reconstruction of building shape and location and a good estimation of their elevation. The 3-D time stability analysis demonstrated the possibility to monitor the 3-D change depending on the time. Eventually, it is possible to assert that processing high resolution SAR data allows to achieve a strong improvement in 3-D imaging capabilities. It has been demonstrated the potentialities of TomoSAR technique in distortions correction and in 3-D change monitoring using basic mono-dimensional estimators
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Beltrán, Ramírez Marta. "Photonic Techniques for Next-Generation Integrated Optical Networks Based on Ultra-Wideband Radio / Técnicas Fotónicas para Redes Ópticas Integradas de Próxima Generación Basadas en Radio de Banda Ultra Ancha". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15576.

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La presenta Tesis Doctoral encuentra su ámbito de aplicación en redes de acceso ópticas de fibra hasta el hogar o FTTH (del inglés fibre-to-the-home). Las redes FTTH han sido ampliamente desplegadas en todo el mundo y se prevé que evolucionen hasta arquitecturas de multiplexación por división en longitud de onda o WDM(dle inglés wavelength division multiplexing). Conforme los requerimientos de capacidady ancho de banda por usuario para servicios de comunicación de banda ancha se incrementan continuamente, tecnologías tales como hybrid wireless-optical, radio de banda ultra ancha o UWB(del inglés ultra-wideband), y radio de onda milimétrica se están investigando como soluciones viables para proporcionar tasas de datos excediendo Gigabit por segundo por usuario. Las redes híbridas inalámbrico-óptico pueden proporcionar backhaul más simple y se prevé que desempeñen un papel importante en redes de acceso de próxima generación que requerirán despliegue flexible, alta capacidad, habilidad de ampliación, escalable en número de usuarios y demanda, y factible económicamente. Las técnicas radio sobre fibra combinadas con sistemas inalámbricos multigigabit que proporcionen capacidades comparables a sistemas de comunicaciones de fibra óptica se ve como una solución rápidamente desplegable y efectiva en coste para proporcionar acceso transparente cableado/inalámbrico integrado a servicios de banda ancha para el usuario final. Los sistemas inalámbricos UWB y de onda milimétrica son capaces de proporcionar comunicaciones multigigabit. UWB en particular permite un uso eficiente del esprectro 3.1-10.6 GHz debido a sus características únicas de coexistencia y tiene madurez de mercado. Sin embargo, la tecnología UWB está restringida por regulación en todo el mundo. Esta restricción de regulación hace de gran interés a la radio de onda milimétrica en 60 GHz debido al aproximadamente 7 GHz de ancho de banda regulado consistentemente en todo el mundo, sin restricciones de coexistencia.
Beltrán Ramírez, M. (2012). Photonic Techniques for Next-Generation Integrated Optical Networks Based on Ultra-Wideband Radio / Técnicas Fotónicas para Redes Ópticas Integradas de Próxima Generación Basadas en Radio de Banda Ultra Ancha [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15576
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Bole, Marcus. "A hull surface generation technique based on a form topology and geometric constraint approach". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288605.

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Wagner, Julie. "A body-centric framework for generating and evaluating novel interaction techniques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772138.

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This thesis introduces BodyScape, a body-centric framework that accounts for how users coordinate their movements within and across their own limbs in order to interact with a wide range of devices, across multiple surfaces. It introduces a graphical notation that describes interaction techniques in terms of (1) motor assemblies responsible for performing a control task (input motor assembly) or bringing the body into a position to visually perceive output (output motor assembly), and (2) the movement coordination of motor assemblies, relative to the body or fixed in the world, with respect to the interactive environment. This thesis applies BodyScape to 1) investigate the role of support in a set of novel bimanual interaction techniques for hand-held devices, 2) analyze the competing effect across multiple input movements, and 3) compare twelve pan-and-zoom techniques on a wall-sized display to determine the roles of guidance and interference on performance. Using BodyScape to characterize interaction clarifies the role of device support on the user's balance and subsequent comfort and performance. It allows designers to identify situations in which multiple body movements interfere with each other, with a corresponding decrease in performance. Finally, it highlights the trade-offs among different combinations of techniques, enabling the analysis and generation of a variety of multi-surface interaction techniques. I argue that including a body-centric perspective when defining interaction techniques is essential for addressing the combinatorial explosion of interactive devices in multi-surface environments.
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Alkhadour, Wissam M. "Reconstruction of 3D scenes from pairs of uncalibrated images. Creation of an interactive system for extracting 3D data points and investigation of automatic techniques for generating dense 3D data maps from pairs of uncalibrated images for remote sensing applications". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4933.

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Much research effort has been devoted to producing algorithms that contribute directly or indirectly to the extraction of 3D information from a wide variety of types of scenes and conditions of image capture. The research work presented in this thesis is aimed at three distinct applications in this area: interactively extracting 3D points from a pair of uncalibrated images in a flexible way; finding corresponding points automatically in high resolution images, particularly those of archaeological scenes captured from a freely moving light aircraft; and improving a correlation approach to dense disparity mapping leading to 3D surface reconstructions. The fundamental concepts required to describe the principles of stereo vision, the camera models, and the epipolar geometry described by the fundamental matrix are introduced, followed by a detailed literature review of existing methods. An interactive system for viewing a scene via a monochrome or colour anaglyph is presented which allows the user to choose the level of compromise between amount of colour and ghosting perceived by controlling colour saturation, and to choose the depth plane of interest. An improved method of extracting 3D coordinates from disparity values when there is significant error is presented. Interactive methods, while very flexible, require significant effort from the user finding and fusing corresponding points and the thesis continues by presenting several variants of existing scale invariant feature transform methods to automatically find correspondences in uncalibrated high resolution aerial images with improved speed and memory requirements. In addition, a contribution to estimating lens distortion correction by a Levenberg Marquard based method is presented; generating data strings for straight lines which are essential input for estimating lens distortion correction. The remainder of the thesis presents correlation based methods for generating dense disparity maps based on single and multiple image rectifications using sets of automatically found correspondences and demonstrates improvements obtained using the latter method. Some example views of point clouds for 3D surfaces produced from pairs of uncalibrated images using the methods presented in the thesis are included.
Al-Baath University
The appendices files and images are not available online.
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Alkhadour, Wissam Mohamad. "Reconstruction of 3D scenes from pairs of uncalibrated images : creation of an interactive system for extracting 3D data points and investigation of automatic techniques for generating dense 3D data maps from pairs of uncalibrated images for remote sensing applications". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4933.

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Much research effort has been devoted to producing algorithms that contribute directly or indirectly to the extraction of 3D information from a wide variety of types of scenes and conditions of image capture. The research work presented in this thesis is aimed at three distinct applications in this area: interactively extracting 3D points from a pair of uncalibrated images in a flexible way; finding corresponding points automatically in high resolution images, particularly those of archaeological scenes captured from a freely moving light aircraft; and improving a correlation approach to dense disparity mapping leading to 3D surface reconstructions. The fundamental concepts required to describe the principles of stereo vision, the camera models, and the epipolar geometry described by the fundamental matrix are introduced, followed by a detailed literature review of existing methods. An interactive system for viewing a scene via a monochrome or colour anaglyph is presented which allows the user to choose the level of compromise between amount of colour and ghosting perceived by controlling colour saturation, and to choose the depth plane of interest. An improved method of extracting 3D coordinates from disparity values when there is significant error is presented. Interactive methods, while very flexible, require significant effort from the user finding and fusing corresponding points and the thesis continues by presenting several variants of existing scale invariant feature transform methods to automatically find correspondences in uncalibrated high resolution aerial images with improved speed and memory requirements. In addition, a contribution to estimating lens distortion correction by a Levenberg Marquard based method is presented; generating data strings for straight lines which are essential input for estimating lens distortion correction. The remainder of the thesis presents correlation based methods for generating dense disparity maps based on single and multiple image rectifications using sets of automatically found correspondences and demonstrates improvements obtained using the latter method. Some example views of point clouds for 3D surfaces produced from pairs of uncalibrated images using the methods presented in the thesis are included.
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Solomon, Christopher S. "Estimation and Control of Friction in Bulk Plastic Deformation Process". Thesis, 2018. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4194.

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Friction plays a significant role in bulk plastic deformation processes in controlling the tool life, formability of the work piece material and the quality of the finished product such as, surface finish, microstructure and mechanical properties. Friction causes in-homogenous deformations, leading to defects in the finished products.Excessive friction leads to heat generation, wear, pick-up and galling of the tool surface, resulting in premature failure of the tools. Computer simulations based on Finite Element Methods are being extensively used for process planning and tool designing metal working industry for bulk plastic deformation process.Material and friction models used in simulation packages are very important to have accurate process simulations. Hence it is essential to estimate the friction and understand its role on deformation of the work piece to do realistic process simulations. Friction in bulk plastic deformation processes is influenced by many factors such as velocity, temperature, contact pressure and tribological conditions such as surface roughness, lubrication etc. Among the above factors, Surface Roughness and Surface Topography (ST) of the die material are the important parameters that influence the friction between the dies and the work-piece. The abbreviation “ST” is used for surface topography. Transfer layer formation and the coefficient of friction along with its two components, namely, the adhesion and ploughing, are controlled by the ST. Ploughing component is mainly the frictional resistance caused by asperities of hard surface ploughing through soft material. The force required for plastic flow of softer material represents the ploughing friction component. Adhesion component of friction is due to the cold welding/adhesive bond occurring in the real contact area of asperities. The force required to shear the adhesion junctions formed at the interface represents the adhesion component. Though surface characteristics such as roughness were dealt with by many researchers, the influence of surface topography on friction and microstructure evolution in bulk plastic deformation is still to be understood well.Though the work done by Menezes et al. has shown that friction is influenced by the surface roughness, ST and transfer layer, but does not link this ST to the micro structural evolution of the material.Friction influences the strain and strain rates imparted to the deforming material. The strain and strain rate (apart from the temperature) imposed on the deforming material would in turn influence the microstructural evolution of the work-piece. Thus, for application to industrial scale it is important that the influence of friction on the bulk deformation and microstructural evolution, if any, be understood.Further, the techniques used by Menezes et al. for generating the STs are very difficult to be adopted in industrial scale. The present thesis addresses the following three issues on the possible influence of friction in metal forming. • Use of surface generation techniques that can be easily adapted at the industrial scale. • Role of ST on friction during room temperature and high temperature deformation. • Role of this friction on the microstructural evolution during bulk plastic deformation of Aluminium alloys.
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Chia-HsienCheng i 鄭嘉賢. "The Technique of the Hull Surface Mesh Generation below the Instantaneous Wave profile". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33952742074811970651.

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Książki na temat "Surface generation techniques"

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Goetz, Carole L. Application of techniques to identify coal-mine and power-generation effects on surface-water quality, San Juan River Basin, New Mexico and Colorado. Albuquerque, N.M: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Verbiest, Thierry. Second-order nonlinear optical characterization techniques: An introduction. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Kobbelt, Leif. Subdivision Techniques for Curve And Surface Generation. Springer-Verlag, 2006.

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Farb, Benson, i Dan Margalit. A Primer on Mapping Class Groups (PMS-49). Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691147949.001.0001.

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The study of the mapping class group Mod(S) is a classical topic that is experiencing a renaissance. It lies at the juncture of geometry, topology, and group theory. This book explains as many important theorems, examples, and techniques as possible, quickly and directly, while at the same time giving full details and keeping the text nearly self-contained. The book is suitable for graduate students. It begins by explaining the main group-theoretical properties of Mod(S), from finite generation by Dehn twists and low-dimensional homology to the Dehn–Nielsen–Baer–theorem. Along the way, central objects and tools are introduced, such as the Birman exact sequence, the complex of curves, the braid group, the symplectic representation, and the Torelli group. The book then introduces Teichmüller space and its geometry, and uses the action of Mod(S) on it to prove the Nielsen-Thurston classification of surface homeomorphisms. Topics include the topology of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces, the connection with surface bundles, pseudo-Anosov theory, and Thurston's approach to the classification.
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Livermore, Roy. The Tectonic Plates are Moving! Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717867.001.0001.

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Written in a witty and informal style, this book explains modern plate tectonics in a non-technical manner, showing not only how it accounts for phenomena such as great earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, but also how it controls conditions at the Earth’s surface, including global geography and climate, making it suitable for life. The book presents the advances that have been made since the establishment of plate tectonics in the 1960s, highlighting, on the fiftieth anniversary of the theory, the contributions of a small number of scientists who have never been widely recognized for their discoveries. Beginning with the publication of a short article in Nature by Vine and Matthews, the book traces the development of plate tectonics through two generations of the theory. First-generation plate tectonics covers the exciting scientific revolution of the 1960s, its heroes, and its villains. The second generation includes the rapid expansions in sonar, satellite, and seismic technologies during the 1980s and 1990s that provided a truly global view of the plates and their motions, and an appreciation of the role of their within the Earth system. Arriving at the cutting edge of the science, the latest results from studies using techniques such as seismic tomography and mineral physics to probe the deep interior are discussed and the prospects for finding plate tectonics on other planets assessed. Ultimately, the book leads to the startling conclusion that, without plate tectonics, the Earth would be as lifeless as Venus.
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Verbiest, Thierry, Vincent Rodriguez i Koen Clays. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

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Verbiest, Thierry, Vincent Rodriguez i Koen Clays. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

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Second-order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction. CRC, 2009.

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Verbiest, Thierry, Vincent Rodriguez i Koen Clays. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

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Verbiest, Thierry, Vincent Rodriguez i Koen Clays. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Characterization Techniques: An Introduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Części książek na temat "Surface generation techniques"

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Boughton, Andrew P., i Zhan Chen. "Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy: A Sensitive Technique for the Study of Biological Molecules at Interfaces". W Surface Analysis and Techniques in Biology, 195–224. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01360-2_8.

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van Haasterecht, L., Paul P. M. van Zuijlen i ML Groot. "Structural Assessment of Scars Using Optical Techniques". W Textbook on Scar Management, 169–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_19.

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AbstractThe evaluation of scar treatment benefits from exact structural measurements. Accurate assessment of thickness, surface area, and relief is crucial in routine clinical follow-up. From an experimental perspective, precise visualization of the microstructural organization is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathological scarring. Structural proteins in scars differ from healthy skin in terms of amount, type, and importantly, organization. The precise quantification of this extracellular matrix (ECM) organization was, until recently, limited to two-dimensional images from fixated and stained tissue. Advances in optical techniques now allow high-resolution imaging of these structures, in some cases in vivo. The enormous potential of these techniques as objective assessment tools is illustrated by a substantial increase in available devices. This chapter describes currently used devices and techniques used in the clinical follow-up of scar progression from a volumetric standpoint. Furthermore, some of the most powerful techniques for microstructural research are described including optical coherence tomography, nonlinear optical techniques such as second harmonic generation microscopy, and confocal microscopy.
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Gadalla, Mohamed A. E., i Waguih H. ElMaraghy. "Bridging the Gap Between Tool Path Generation for Sculptured Surface Machining and Computer Aided Process Modelling Techniques". W Machining Impossible Shapes, 129–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35392-0_13.

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Sreelatha, M., i G. M. Nasira. "Surface Acoustic Wave E-nose Sensor Based Pattern Generation and Recognition of Toxic Gases Using Artificial Neural Network Techniques". W Nature Inspired Computing, 135–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6747-1_16.

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Li, C. L. "Generation of Parting Surfaces Using Subdivision Technique". W Advances in Geometric Modeling, 97–106. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470860448.ch7.

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Elvevold, Kjetil, Ingelin Kyrrestad i Bård Smedsrød. "Protocol for Isolation and Culture of Mouse Hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer Cells (KCs), and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (LSECs) in Analyses of Hepatic Drug Distribution". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 385–402. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_27.

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AbstractDevelopment of the new generation of drugs (e.g., oligo- and polynucleotides administered intravascularly either as free compounds or as nano-formulations) frequently encounters major challenges such as lack of control of targeting and/or delivery. Uncontrolled or unwanted clearance by the liver is a well-known and particularly important hurdle in this respect. Hence, reliable techniques are needed to identify the type(s) of liver cells, receptors, and metabolic mechanisms that are responsible for unwanted clearance of these compounds.We describe here a method for the isolation and culture of the major cell types from mouseliver: hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). The presently described protocol employs perfusion of the liver with a collagenase-based enzyme preparation to effectively transform the intact liver to a single cell suspension. From this initial cell suspension HCs are isolated by specified centrifugation schemes, yielding highly pure HC preparations, and KCs and LSECs are isolated by employing magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). The MACS protocol makes use of magnetic microbeads conjugated with specific antibodies that bind unique surface antigens on either KCs or LSECs. In this way the two cell types are specifically and separately pulled out of the initial liver cell suspension by applying a magnetic field, resulting in high purity, yield, and viability of the two cell types, allowing functional studies of the cells.If the drug compound in question is to be studied with respect to liver cell distribution of intravascularly administered drug compounds the isolated cells can be analyzed directly after isolation. Detailed studies of receptor-ligand interactions and/or dynamics of intracellular metabolism of the compound can be conducted in primary surface cultures of HCs, LSECs, and KCs established by seeding the isolated cells on specified growth substrates.
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Chabannon, Christian, i Chiara Bonini. "Structure of and Signalling Through Chimeric Antigen Receptor". W The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, 3–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_1.

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AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a synthetic transmembrane protein expressed at the surface of immune effector cells (IECs) that are reprogrammed either in vitro or in vivo (June et al. 2018; June and Sadelain 2018). Techniques for genetic engineering of autologous or allogeneic IECs are described in the next chapter. The synthetic CAR incorporates several functional domains. The extracellular domain is composed of a single chain variable fragment (ScFV) of immunoglobulin and recognizes the “tumour” antigen. The clinical relevance of the selected tumour antigen—with a view to minimize “on-target/off-tumour” side effects—is discussed in the third chapter of this section. Bispecific and trispecific CARs are currently being evaluated in preclinical and early clinical trials (Bielamowicz et al. 2018; Shah et al. 2020). The use of an immunoglobulin domain as the ligand of the target antigen means that recognition is not restricted to HLA antigens and that CAR-T cells are universally applicable as opposed to T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells that recognize antigenic peptides presented in the context of a defined major histocompatibility complex (MHC), limiting clinical applications to subsets of patients with defined HLA typing. The intracellular domain is composed of the intracellular domain of the zeta chain of the CD3 component of the TCR, which will trigger signalling when the CAR engages the targeted ligand. The transmembrane region links the two extracellular and intracellular domains through the cell membrane and plays an important role in determining the conformation and flexibility of the CAR and its ability to efficiently bind the targeted antigen/epitope. Association of only these three functional domains characterized first generation CARs, as described in the original publications (Kuwana et al. 1987; Eshhar et al. 1993). However, full activation of T cells requires the addition of one (second generation CARs) or two (third generation CARs) domains from costimulatory molecules, such as CD28, 4-1BB/CD137, or OX40/CD134, that provide the T cell costimulatory signal. Currently approved CAR-T cells are second generation CAR-T cells; as an illustration, the CAR in tisagenlecleucel contains a 4-1BB domain, while the CAR in axicabtagene ciloleucel contains a CD28 domain. The nature of the costimulatory domain influences the ability of CAR-T cells to expand or persist (limit T cell exhaustion) in vivo after infusion into the patient, although it is unclear how this translates clinically and affects disease control, occurrence of adverse events, and overall survival due to the lack of head-to-head comparison between approved products. Finally, fourth generation CAR-T cells have been developed for preclinical projects. These cells, named armoured CAR cells or T cells redirected for universal cytokine-mediated killing (TRUCKS), encode not only a CAR (usually with one costimulatory domain, such as in second generation CARs) but also a cytokine, interleukin, pro-inflammatory ligand, or chemokine that will counteract the immune suppressive microenvironment that prevails in most solid tumours (Eshhar et al. 1993; Chmielewski and Abken 2015).
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Wang, Xiansheng, Ting Si, Xisheng Luo i Jiming Yang. "Generation of Air/SF6 Interface with Minimum Surface Feature by Soap Film Technique". W 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves 2, 1065–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16838-8_43.

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Lockner, Yannik, Paul Buske, Maximilian Rudack, Zahra Kheirandish, Moritz Kröger, Stoyan Stoyanov, Seyed Ruhollah Dokhanchi i in. "Improving Manufacturing Efficiency for Discontinuous Processes by Methodological Cross-Domain Knowledge Transfer". W Internet of Production, 1–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98062-7_8-1.

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AbstractDiscontinuous processes face common tasks when implementing modeling and optimization techniques for process optimization. While domain data may be unequal, knowledge about approaches for each step toward the solution, e.g., data gathering, model reduction, and model optimization, may be useful across different processes. A joint development of methodologies for machine learning methods, among other things, ultimately supports fast advances in cross-domain production technologies. In this work, an overview of common maturation stages of data-intensive modeling approaches for production efficiency enhancement is given. The stages are analyzed and communal challenges are elaborated. The used approaches include both physically motivated surrogate modeling as well as the advanced use of machine learning technologies. Apt research is depicted for each stage based on demonstrator work for diverse production technologies, among them high-pressure die casting, surface engineering, plastics injection molding, open-die forging, and automated tape placement. Finally, a holistic and general framework is illustrated covering the main concepts regarding the transfer of mature models into production environments on the example of laser technologies.Increasing customer requirements regarding process stability, transparency and product quality as well as desired high production efficiency in diverse manufacturing processes pose high demands on production technologies. The further development of digital support systems for manufacturing technologies can contribute to meet these demands in various production settings. Especially for discontinuous production, such as injection molding and laser cutting, the joint research for different technologies helps to identify common challenges, ranging from problem identification to knowledge perpetuation after successfully installing digital tools. Workstream CRD-B2.II “Discontinuous Production” confronts this research task by use case-based joint development of transferable methods. Based on the joint definition of a standard pipeline to solve problems with digital support, various stages of this pipeline, such as data generation and collection, model training, optimization, and the development and deployment of assistance systems are actively being researched. Regarding data generation, e.g., for the high-pressure die-casting process, data acquisition and extraction approaches for machines and production lines using OPC UA are investigated to get detailed process insights. For diverse discontinuous processes and use cases, relevant production data is not directly available in sufficient quality and needs to be preprocessed. For vision systems, ptychographic methods may improve recorded data by enhancing the picture sharpness to enable the usage of inline or low-cost equipment to detect small defects. Further down the pipeline, several research activities concern the domain-specific model training and optimization tasks. Within the realm of surface technologies, machine learning is applied to predict process behavior, e.g., by predicting the particle properties in plasma spraying process or plasma intensities in the physical vapor deposition process. The injection molding process can also be modeled by data-based approaches. The modeling efficiency based on the used amount of data can furthermore be effectively reduced by using transfer learning to transfer knowledge stored in artificial neural networks from one process to the next. Successful modeling approaches can then be transferred prototypically into production. On the examples of vision-based defect classification in the tape-laying process and a process optimization assistance system in open-die forging, the realization of prototypical support systems is demonstrated. Once mature, research results and consequent digital services must be made available for integrated usage in specific production settings using relevant architecture. By the example of a microservice-based infrastructure for laser technology, a suitable and flexible implementation of a service framework is realized. The connectivity to production assets is guaranteed by state-of-the-art communication protocols. This chapter illustrates the state of research for use-case-driven development of joint approaches.
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Prasad, Kumar Shantanu, Gbanaibolou Jombo, Sikiru O. Ismail, Yong K. Chen i Hom N. Dhakal. "Quantitative Assessment of Damage in Composites by Implementing Acousto-ultrasonics Technique". W Springer Proceedings in Energy, 209–17. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_20.

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AbstractThis study focused on quantitative damage severity assessment in composite materials using Acousto-Ultrasonics (AU), an in-service and active non-destructive inspection technique in which Lamb waves are communicated through a damaged zone. This was done by activating a signal onto the composite material surface and acquiring the received waves after their interactions with the damage. It relied on early research that presented a series of stress wave factors (SWFs) derived from the frequency-domain of the AU data, as quantitative identifiers of the received signal. Although, the SWFs have previously been proven to determine the understanding of the spatial arrangements of the impact damage, the degree or severity of the damage inside the impact damage area has not been assessed. Therefore, the current research was a step in the right way toward that aim. AU waves were generated via a laminate with increasing concentrations of ply faults, across longitudinal length. The stress wave factors were first examined for an undamaged composite, and the SWFs were then connected with the fault concentration. The significance of the found linkages and the possible futures of quantitative assessment of the degree of damage by such relationships were examined. The stress wave factors showed clear and consistent patterns, as the fault concentration increased. With a rise in fault density, an element measuring the energy content of the waves significantly changed with R-sq(adj) = 91.33% and almost linearly, and provided a robust measurable trend, while other parameter exhibited lesser shifts with R-sq(adj) = 51.86%. The result obtained from the presented work provided a base to cost-effective and in-service measure to early detection of catastrophic failures in composite structures, including the wind turbine blades for renewable and sustainable energy generation.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Surface generation techniques"

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McKelvie, J,. "Consideration Of The Surface Temperature Response To Cyclic Thermoelastic Heat Generation". W Stress Analysis by Thermoelastic Techniques, redaktor B. C. Gasper. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.937886.

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Minialga, Virgilijus, i Stanislovas Sajauskas. "Generation of longitudinal surface acoustic waves by laser pulse". W Fifth International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques, redaktor Enrico P. Tomasini. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.468186.

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Koulountzios, Panagiotis I., Michael E. Zervakis, Panagiotis L. Karakitsios i Georgios E. Stavroulakis. "A semi-automatic algorithm for reconstruction and NURBS surface generation of thoracic aorta". W 2017 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ist.2017.8261529.

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Parameswaran, Ramesh, i Phillip R. White. "Automatic Surface Generation From Wireframe Data Enhancements". W ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0125.

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Abstract This paper presents several enhancements to existing methods of converting wireframe CAD models to surface representations. Existing methods consider only polyhedral objects. In these methods, closed loops of edges in the wireframe, which define the boundaries of planar surfaces, are first detected by a combination of topological and geometric techniques. The regions bounded within these edges are then approximated by a number of planar polygons. Enhancements described in this paper permit the algorithms to be extended to wireframes that describe objects with curved surfaces and surfaces with holes. An approach for tesselating curved surfaces is also described. With these enhancements, conversion methods can then be applied to arbitrary wireframes without imposing restrictions on the edges or surfaces that comprise the wireframes.
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Iancu, Florin, John Trevino i Steven Sommer. "Numerical Analysis of Blade Geometry Generation Techniques for Centrifugal Compressors". W ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13723.

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It is a known fact that machined impellers result in improved compressor performance compared to cast impellers of the same design. The performance improvements can be attributed to better surface finish, more accurate geometric definition (tighter dimensional tolerances), well defined edges, and the lack of blade tip fillet on shrouded impellers. In addition, it has been observed through experimental investigations that the construction method of the impellers has an impact on performance. For flank-milled machined impellers, a hub and shroud blade profile is connected by pre-determined straight-line-elements (SLE) - which would correspond to a tool path - to generate the blade surface according to the design intent of the compressor engineer. For cast impellers, the method of connecting hub and shroud blade profile points leads to an arbitrary surface definition and is dependent upon a designer's interpretation of blade profile data and/or the solid model, as well as the CAD software. Although the shape of the hub and shroud profiles are preserved, the resulting blade surface defined by connecting these two profiles may not correspond to the design intent of the compressor engineer. Because the blade surface deviates from the design intent, the compressor performance can deteriorate. Foundries rely on a full 3D design model to create tooling for cast impellers, as opposed to hub and shroud profiles typically required of a 5-axis machining program. Therefore, these construction differences become significant for cast impellers. This paper presents computational fluid dynamic investigations of two types of impellers - with blade surfaces generated using SLE and using CAD arbitrary definitions. Because there are many different mathematical definitions that CAD tools employ for curves, the resulting arbitrary blade surface is not unique. The numerical results will help understand the causes of the performance difference as well as the effects of SLE blades to the flow through the impeller. Input conditions for computational dynamic simulations are based on experimental results. All references to experimental data in the present paper are for cast impellers. Therefore the differences in performance are attributed to blade definition (SLE vs. other) and not to differences resulting from manufacturing methods.
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Babu, N. J., K. P. Mohanan i Hamsaveni. "Analysis of the Generation of Concave Parabolic Surface with Simple Optical Fabrication Techniques". W Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.tua2.

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Knyazev, B. A., Yu Yu Choporova, V. V. Gerasimov, O. E. Kameshkov, I. Sh Khasanov, S. E. Krasnopevtsev, A. K. Nikitin i in. "Techniques for generation of annular surface plasmon polaritons with refractive binary and reflective cylindrical diffraction gratings". W SYNCHROTRON AND FREE ELECTRON LASER RADIATION: Generation and Application (SFR-2020). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0030354.

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Hunt, Jeffrey H. "Detection of surface corrosion and contamination by optical second-harmonic generation: application to health monitoring and cleanliness inspection". W Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques for Aging Infrastructure & Manufacturing, redaktorzy Richard H. Bossi i David M. Pepper. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.302560.

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NOORMOHAMMED, SALEEMA, CHUN LI, GENEVIÈVE TOUSSAINT i JOSHUA ILSE. "New Generation Surface Treatment Techniques for Enhanced Adhesively Bonded Ceramic-Based Composite Armour Systems". W 31st International Symposium on Ballistics. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics2019/33294.

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Stolle, R., F. Lohr i G. Marowsky. "Detection of Molecular Chirality using different Optical Second-Harmonic Generation Techniques". W Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.md.15.

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In the past, second-harmonic (SH) studies of monolayers have often been applied to systems with C∞ υ -symmetry, in most cases to systems consisting of rodlike molecules [1]. These samples are axialsymmetric with respect to the surface and possess a mirror plane of symmetry normal to the surface. If the molecules are replaced by chiral molecules of one enantiomer, this mirror symmetry is broken and the system C∞-symmetry. In the following, this is called surface chirality. Because these monomolecular films are very thin, this symmetry break can hardly be detected using linear optical techniques such as optical activity measurements. However, if the molecular chirality influences the part of the nonlinear structure responsible for SH generation, surface chirality can be detected by using nonlinear optical techniques.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Surface generation techniques"

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Berney, Ernest, Andrew Ward i Naveen Ganesh. First generation automated assessment of airfield damage using LiDAR point clouds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40042.

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This research developed an automated software technique for identifying type, size, and location of man-made airfield damage including craters, spalls, and camouflets from a digitized three-dimensional point cloud of the airfield surface. Point clouds were initially generated from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors mounted on elevated lifts to simulate aerial data collection and, later, an actual unmanned aerial system. LiDAR data provided a high-resolution, globally positioned, and dimensionally scaled point cloud exported in a LAS file format that was automatically retrieved and processed using volumetric detection algorithms developed in the MATLAB software environment. Developed MATLAB algorithms used a three-stage filling technique to identify the boundaries of craters first, then spalls, then camouflets, and scaled their sizes based on the greatest pointwise extents. All pavement damages and their locations were saved as shapefiles and uploaded into the GeoExPT processing environment for visualization and quality control. This technique requires no user input between data collection and GeoExPT visualization, allowing for a completely automated software analysis with all filters and data processing hidden from the user.
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Chang, Michael Alan, Alejandra Magana, Bedrich Benes, Dominic Kao i Judith Fusco. Driving Interdisciplinary Collaboration through Adapted Conjecture Mapping: A Case Study with the PECAS Mediator. Digital Promise, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/156.

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In this report, we demonstrate how an interdisciplinary team of computer science and learning sciences researchers utilize an adapted conjecture mapping tool during a collaborative problem-solving session. The session is documented through an edited “Dialogue” format, which captures the process of conjecture map construction and subsequent reflection. We find that creating the conjecture map collaboratively surfaces a key tension: while learning sciences theory often highlights the nuanced and complex relational nature of learning, even the most cutting-edge computing techniques struggle to discern these nuances. Articulating this tension proved to be highly generative, enabling the researchers to discuss how considering impacted community members as a critical “part of the solution” may lead to a socio-technical tool which supports desired learning outcomes, despite limitations in learning theory and technical capability. Ultimately, the process of developing the conjecture map directed researchers towards a precise discussion about how they would need to engage impacted community members (e.g., teachers) in a co-design process.
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Glasscott, Matthew, Johanna Jernberg, Erik Alberts i Lee Moores. Toward the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43826.

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Analytical methods to rapidly detect explosive compounds with high precision are paramount for applications ranging from national security to environmental remediation. This report demonstrates two proof-of-concept electroanalytical methods for the quantification of 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). For the first time, DNAN reduction was analyzed and compared at a bare graphitic carbon electrode, a polyaniline-modified (PANI) electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode utilizing PANI to explore the effect of surface-area and preconcentration affinity on the analytical response. Since some explosive compounds such as PETN are not appreciably soluble in water (<10 μg/L), necessitating a different solvent system to permit direct detection via electrochemical reduction. A 1,2-dichloroethane system was explored as a possibility by generating a liquid-liquid extraction-based sensor exploiting the immiscibility of 1,2-dichloroethane and water. The reduction process was explored using a scan rate analysis to extract a diffusion coefficient of 6.67 x 10⁻⁶ cm/s, in agreement with literature values for similarly structured nitrate esters. Once further refined, these techniques may be extended to other explosives and combined with portable electrochemical hardware to bring real-time chemical information to soldiers and citizens alike.
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, G. Scheffer, M. Nightingale, C. Hubert i B. Meyer. The subsurface sulfur system following hydraulic stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs: assessing anthropogenic influences on microbial sulfate reduction in the deep subsurface, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330712.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique that involves the injection of high-pressure fluids to enhance recovery from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Often this involves the injection of surface waters (along with additives such as biocides) into formational fluids significantly different isotopic and geochemical compositions facilitating geochemical fingerprinting of these fluid sources. In some instances, the produced fluids experience an increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration over the course of production resulting in an increased risk to health and safety, the environment, and infrastructure due to the toxic and corrosive nature of H2S. However, questions remain as to the origin and processes leading to H2S formation following hydraulic fracturing. In this study, we analyzed a series of produced waters following hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation, Western Canada to evaluate variations in geochemical and microbiological composition over time and characterize potential sulfur species involved in the production of H2S. Initially, sulfur isotope ratios (d34S, VCDT) of dissolved sulfate in produced water had a baseline value of 27per mil similar to the d34S value of 25per mil for solid anhydrite derived from core material. Subsequently, d34S values of sulfate in produced fluids sequentially increased to 35per mil coincident with the appearance of sulfides in produced waters with a d34SH2S value of 18per mil. Oxygen isotope values of dissolved sulfate exhibited a synchronous increase from 13.2per mil to 15.8per mil VSMOW suggesting sulfate reduction commenced in the subsurface following hydraulic fracturing. Formation temperatures are &amp;lt;100°C precluding thermochemical sulfate reduction as a potential mechanism for H2S production. We suggest that microbial reduction of anhydrite-derived sulfate within the formation is likely responsible for the increase in H2S within produced waters despite the use of biocides within the hydraulic fracturing fluids. Initial assessments of microbial communities indicate a shift in community diversity over time and interactions between in situ communities and those introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process. This study indicates that biocides may not be fully effective in inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction and highlights the role anthropogenic influences such as hydraulic fracturing can have on the generation of H2S in the subsurface.
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Application of techniques to identify coal-mine and power-generation effects on surface-water quality, San Juan River basin, New Mexico and Colorado. US Geological Survey, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri864076.

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