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JENSEN, CHRISTIAN B., i JAE-JAE SPOON. "Thinking locally, acting supranationally: Niche party behaviour in the European Parliament". European Journal of Political Research 49, nr 2 (marzec 2010): 174–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01875.x.
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Kaelble, Hartmut. "Mehr als ein neues Krankheitsbild: Warum die Corona-Krise für die Europäische Union historisch neuartig ist". integration 43, nr 4 (2020): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0720-5120-2020-4-325.
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The COVID-19 pandemic poses new challenges for the European Union (EU). It is not a repetition of previous crises of European integration. The expectations, but also the confidence of the EU citizens are higher. Divergences between Member States tend to be greater, social inequalities are more complex and the pressure from outside more hostile. At the same time, the EU has gained more experience with crises over the past decade than before, reacts to the current crisis more quickly as well as more supranationally, and - unlike in earlier crises - so far appears globally not as a “sick man”, but as a crisis solver.
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Henningsen, Hans. "The Nordic and the Baltic States". Grundtvig-Studier 44, nr 1 (1.01.1993): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v44i1.16099.
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De nordiske og de baltiske stater i Europa i dagAf Hans HenningsenDenne artikel fremstiller Grundtvigs tanker om folk og folkelighed i forbindelse med den supranationale unionstankes sammenbrud i øst og etableringen af en supranational union i vest. De nye baltiske statsdannelser benyttes som eksempler på nationalstater, hvor befolkningen synes at kunne leve i fred med store, ikke-baltiske minoriteter uden etniske konflikter. Grundtvigs tanker om folkelighed anskues i forlængelse heraf som grundlag for en forståelse af nationalstaten som et alternativ til den tanke om en union i form af et supranationalt demokrati, der præger de europæiske unionsplaner. Begrebet nationalstat opfattes her ikke nationalistisk, men tolkes i overensstemmelse med Grundtvigs tanker om det folkelige som lig med den demokratisk-folkelige kultur. Disse planer sigter mod at lade en mængde folkeslag indgå. i en fælles europæisk stat, idet begrebet om en demokratisk stat løsnes fra forbundetheden med begrebet om nationalstaten. Artiklen fremlægger en alternativ model hertil, idet det påpeges, at der i Danmark i forlængelse af Grundtvigs tanker ikke skelnes mellem kultur og politik. Forudsætningen for et virkeligt demokrati er denne forbindelse mellem folkelivet og det politiske liv, og eftersom der ikke eksisterer en fælles, europæisk kultur, vil et supranationalt demokrati aldrig blive et sandt demokrati.Tilliden til det supranationale demokrati bunder dybest set i rationalismens abstrakte menneskesyn, det menneskesyn, Grundtvig bekæmpede. Grundtvigs definition af 'folk', 'folkelighed' samt 'levende vekselvirkning' er ikke blot grundlag for denne forbindelse mellem kultur og demokrati, men sikrer også I overensstemmelse med Grundtvigs universalhistoriske perspektiv, at der tages hensyn til de forskellige folkeslags individuelle særpræg. Netop forskellene er basis for en fri samvirken og vekselvirkning mellem folkeslagene, således som det har været målet for dansk indenrigs- og udenrigspolitik de sidste 100 år. Europa har i dag mulighed for at etablere et sådant frit fællesskab, men i stedet vælger unionstilhængene at se bort fra de nationale forskelle og opbygge et supranational demokrati med udgangspunkt i rationalismens abstrakte menneskesyn.
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Pasechnyk, Olena. "Suprastatehood and supranationality in the prism of modern international law". Revista Amazonia Investiga 12, nr 62 (30.03.2023): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2023.62.02.17.
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Suprastatehood and supranationality is a legal quality of an international organization that allows it, following the procedure approved by the member states, to make binding decisions, including without the direct consent of an individual state. In modern international law, the role of suprastatehood and supranationality has changed. Therefore, taking into account the dynamics of development and the rapidity of change, it is necessary to analyze the place of suprastatehood and supranationality in the prism of modern international law. The purpose of the work is to examine the peculiarities of the influence of supranational institutions on international relations and international law. The methodological basis of this study is such methods as a method of formal-logical analysis, historical method, comparative method, and functional method. As a result of the conducted research, the peculiarities of the manifestation of suprastatehood and supranationality in the prism of modern international law were analyzed. Definitions of the terms "suprastatehood", "supranationality", "supranational Union" are provided. The peculiarities of the contractual regulation of relations between states and the impact of such regulation on the international legal order and international law are remarked on. It is finalized that the presence of supranational and supranational institutions is a characteristic feature of modern international relations.
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Petrova, Elitsa. "Methodological Preparation and Pedagogical Mastery in the Process of Strategic Management Teaching". Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika 30, nr 5 (20.09.2022): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/str2022-5-2-met.
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The strategic security environment is characterized by high dynamism and growing unpredictability, and it is obvious that every member of society needs to be able to understand strategic problems, both individually and supranationally, and to be able to make informed strategic decisions that will ensure the achievement of certain education goal – the transfer of knowledge between adolescents and older generations. The relevance of the study is in connection with the successful achievement of the objectives of individual and collective military training, and specifically the training in Strategic Management, as well as in connection with the successful acquisition of the officer’s profession. The subject of research is the relationship education-pedagogical mastery-strategic management, while the object is a part of the methodological pedagogical approach implemented in the Strategic Management academic subject on the example of the National Military University of Bulgaria. In this regard, the paper presents exhibition and demonstration of some of used good teaching practices and experience.
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HNITII, Andrii, Anastasiia MOSKALENKO i Vadym DEMCHENKO. "Supranationality as an important characteristic of European Union law". Economics. Finances. Law 6, nr - (20.06.2023): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.6.1.
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Introduction. This paper examines the problem of formation and activity of the supranational authority of international organizations. It is noted that the need for such a study is due to the strengthening of European integration and the desire of the European Union (EU) leadership to unite member states to ensure stability in the European region. In such conditions, member states have a desire to preserve their sovereign identity and make maximum use of global mechanisms to achieve their goals and further development, without transferring authority to the supranational level. The purpose of the paper is the analysis of supranationality as an important characteristic of the legal nature of the EU, the determination of its main features through the analysis of the functioning of the institutional system of unification, the division of competences between the EU and the member states, and the disclosure of the principles on which the EU legal system is built. Results. The paper is devoted to supranationality as an important characteristic of the law of the European Union. It emphasizes the uniqueness of EU law, the norms of which regulate social relations related to the development of integration processes within the EU. The importance of the issue of supranationality of EU law and the need for its further research have been proven. Various views on the concept of supranationality are described and its consideration through the prism of features is proposed. The implementation of supranational characteristics of EU law through the activities of EU institutions is pointed out. Attention is focused on the principle of the rule of law and its role in ensuring unity and stability in the EU legal system, the reliability of legal decisions made. In addition, it is proposed to consider supranationality through the division of competences into three types: exclusive, joint and auxiliary. The authors determined where exactly nationality is manifested the most. It has been proven that the direct effect of norms plays an important role in ensuring nationality. It is noted that this principle establishes the most beneficial interaction of the national law of the member states with supranational law for the achievement of EU goals. Conclusion. The paper states that the delegation of powers to supranational bodies of the Union does not threaten the state sovereignty of the participating countries, and the elements of supranationality are aimed at achieving the goals of the EU. The decision to increase or decrease the degree of supranationality is decided only by the member states themselves, depending on whether further development of European integration is necessary. Therefore, supranationality in the EU has a contractual basis and can be considered as one of the ways of cooperation of sovereign states in the integration process.
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Ekardt, Felix, i Marie Bärenwaldt. "The German Climate Verdict, Human Rights, Paris Target, and EU Climate Law". Sustainability 15, nr 17 (29.08.2023): 12993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712993.
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The German Constitutional Court’s climate verdict provided a re-interpretation of core liberal-democratic concepts, and it is highly relevant for liberal constitutional law in general, including EU and international law—where similar issues are currently being discussed in ongoing trials before the European Court of Human Rights and the International Court of Justice. The present article applies a legal interpretation to analyse the national and transnational implications of the ruling. The results show that the verdict accepts human rights as intertemporal and globally applicable. It applies the precautionary principle to these rights and frees them from the misleading causality debate. However, the court failed to address the most important violations of human rights, it categorised climate policy as a greater threat to freedom than climate change, and the court failed to acknowledge that the Paris 1.5-degree limit implies a radically smaller carbon budget. Furthermore, little attention has so far been paid to the fact that the ruling implies an obligation for greater EU climate protection, especially since most emissions are regulated supranationally. Against this backdrop, the EU emissions trading system demands a reform, which has to go well beyond the existing EU proposals so as to enable societal transformations towards sustainability.
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Rosefielde, Steven. "Salvaging the EU: Two-Speed or Dual-Track Reform?" Contemporary Economics 13, nr 2 (30.06.2019): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.304.
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In the most recent decade, the European Union has shown itself to be less robust than globalists imagined. Globalists believed that supranationality was weatherproof – that it would always outperform national alternatives and would survive adversity. Economic stagnation and Brexit belied these expectations. This essay investigates one aspect of the EU’s supranational plight: incompatible goals and the difficulty of mutual accommodation, especially during hard times. EU supranationalists contend that the shared dreams assure harmonious results, but experience reveals that supranational government is shakier than advocates claim because shared ideals and benefits have not been enough for members to put aside conflicting national interests. These rivalries do not doom the European Union’s globalizing project, but they do expose the vulnerabilities of its premises. Supranational union is proving to be unsatisfactory to both many centralizers demanding “more Europe” and decentralizers insisting on “less Europe”. EU leaders are aware of the problem but are wedded to a one-track, two-speed supranational approach that is destined to fail. A dual-track supranational solution analogous to China’s “one country, two systems” offers a better alternative.
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Вишняков, О. К. "НАДНАЦІОНАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ПРАВОВИЙ ФЕНОМЕН". Наукові праці Національного університету “Одеська юридична академія” 14 (22.05.2019): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/npnuola.v14i0.319.
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У правовій доктрині термін наднаціональність мас різні характеристики Він застосовується, зокрема, щодо органів деяких міждержавних утворень та пов'язується з певними ознаками. Статтю присвячено узагальненню визначених у доктрині ознак, і на цій основі зроблено спробу визначити сутнісну характеристику феномену наднаціональності в контексті наднаціонального права та наднаціональних органів.
Supranationality is a term that has different characteristics in legal doctrine. It applies in particular in respect of some interstate formations and it is associated with certain characteristics. The article is devoted to the synthesis of characteristics defined in the doctrine, and, on this basis, to the identification ot essential characteristics of the phenomenon in the context of supranational law and supranational authorities.
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Schulze, Reiner, i André Janssen. "Legal Cultures and Legal Transplants in Germany". European Review of Private Law 19, Issue 2 (1.04.2011): 225–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2011014.
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Abstract: At first glance, many jurists often perceive their own (Private) law to be somewhat hermetic in nature. Their law exists in its own self-contained cosmos, independent from others in the legal universe, yet its atmosphere is sometimes breached by the 'meteorites' of international and European law. The reasons for this perception are clear: it is often difficult to ascertain in ones own legal system the influences from foreign (or supranational) law and from foreign legal cultures. This is impeded further by most universities failing to approach this topic, except briefly in the context of international and European law. The following therefore shall attempt to at least attenuate this deficit by providing a 'birds-eye view' of German law. In doing so, not only shall the clear marks left in each legal area by foreign and supranational law be shown, but also how they continue to considerably impact upon the German legal landscape and legal culture. Résumé: De nombreux juristes perçoivent souvent à première vue leur propre droit (privé) comme étant de nature assez hermétique. Leur droit existe dans un propre cosmos fermé, indépendant des autres dans l'univers juridique, alors que les «météorites» du droit international et européen ouvrent des brèches dans l'atmosphère. Les raisons de cette perception sont claires: il est souvent diffi cile de constater dans son propre système légal les infl uences du droit étranger (ou supranational) et les cultures juridiques étrangères. Ce phénomène est encore renforcé par la plupart des universités qui ne traitent pas ce sujet, ou brièvement dans le contexte du droit international et européen. C'est pourquoi le présent article s'efforce- t-il d'atténuer à tout le moins ce manquement en fournissant un aperçu «à vol d'oiseau» du droit allemand. Ainsi, on montrera non seulement les traces évidentes laissées par le droit étranger et supranational dans chaque aire juridique, mais on verra aussi comment ils continuent à infl uencer considérablement la culture et le paysage juridiques allemands. Zusammenfassung: Auf den ersten Blick erscheint vielen Juristen das eigene (Privat-) Recht oftmals als ein hermetisch geschlossener Kosmos, der - abgesehen von einigen wenigen oftmals als störend wahrgenommenen 'Meteoriten' aus dem Bereich des internationalen und europäischen Rechts - autark von anderen Universen existiert. Die Gründe liegen auf der Hand: dem eigenen Recht sind die Einfl üsse ausländischen (oder supranationalen) Rechts und der ausländischen Rechtskulturen regelmäßig nur schwer anzusehen und sie werden an den meisten Universitäten (mit Ausnahme eines oftmals kurzen Blicks auf die 'Meteoriten' internationaler bzw. europäischer Herkunft) auch nicht vermittelt. Der nachfolgende Beitrag versucht diesen Missstand zumindest abzumildern, indem 'aus der Vogelperspektive' für das deutsche Recht aufgezeigt werden soll, wie deutlich ausländisches und supranationales Recht in allen Bereichen ihren Spuren hinterlassen haben und auch weiterhin die deutsche Rechtslandschaft und Rechtskultur maßgeblich mitprägen.
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CANIHAC, HUGO. "FROM NOSTALGIA TO UTOPIA: A GENEALOGY OF FRENCH CONCEPTIONS OF SUPRANATIONALITY (1848–1948)". Modern Intellectual History 17, nr 3 (19.02.2019): 707–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244318000562.
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AbstractThis essay investigates the intellectual history of one of the purportedly most “revolutionary” concepts of post-1945 international thought—the concept of supranationality. While the literature has generally analyzed the concept as a direct continuation of progressive cosmopolitan ideas, or, to the contrary, as a political watchword formulated after 1945 to promote the European project, this essay highlights other, more ambiguous origins for the concept. It retraces the early uses of the concept in French debates. It argues that the irruption of supranationality in the political and legal vocabulary was far from revolutionary, as is typically claimed—without referring directly to the writings of the great classical philosophers. Rather, the concept drew on earlier discourses whose emergence can be identified in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century debates, ranging from Catholic thought to international law. To retrace the genealogy of supranationality in the decades preceding the supranational vogue of the 1950s contributes to illuminating the complex intellectual origins of the European Union and of international thought more generally.
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CASERTA, SALVATORE. "Regional Integration through Law and International Courts – the Interplay between De Jure and De Facto Supranationality in Central America and the Caribbean". Leiden Journal of International Law 30, nr 3 (5.06.2017): 579–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156517000322.
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AbstractThe article proposes an innovative theoretical framework outlining preconditions for Regional International Courts (RICs) to act as engines of supranationality in different institutional and socio-political contexts. In so doing, the article nuances the theoretical approaches to supranationality and supranational adjudication. The article focuses on the Central American Court of Justice (CACJ) and the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ). Both courts have been branded institutional copies of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU); they have even borrowed key jurisprudential principles from the Luxembourg Court with the goal of expanding the reach of Central American and Caribbean Community Laws. Yet, both the CACJ and the CCJ have thus far failed to foster supranationality in their respective systems. This is because the conditions allowing RICs to become engines of integration lie, for the most part, beyond the direct control of the judges, most notably, with other institutional, political, and societal actors, such as national judges, regional organs, legal and political elites, as well as academics. The article thus suggests that RICs can become engines of supranationality only to the extent to which they are supported by a set of institutional, political, and societal pre-conditions allowing for the concrete enforcement of the rulings of the RIC at the regional and national levels.
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Shpakovych, Olga, i Sofia Penkovska. "The relationship between the sovereignty of member states and the supernationality of international organizations". Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, nr 3 (10.11.2020): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.3.2020.63.
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The article presents the result of theoretical and practical study of the relationship between state sovereignty and supranationalityof international organizations. In particular, it is determined that the phenomenon of supranationality of international organizations isderived from state sovereignty and acts as its external law. It has been shown that, in view of this, supranationality is limited becauseit arises through the exercise of sovereignty by states, and, accordingly, is limited by the amount of state sovereignty exercised by states.The relevant mechanism has also been studied on the example of the functioning of the European Union.Regarding the theoretical results, the following should be noted. First, it was proved that despite the different approaches of scho -lars to the understanding of supranationality, definitions of this concept and the separation of its features (properties), in each case,supranationality is a direct realization of state sovereignty. At the same time, the realization of state sovereignty in relation to such pro -perties of international organizations as supranational is primary, and supranationality in this case is derivative. In addition, the phenomenonof supranationality of international organizations due to the fact that it is derived is limited, because supranationality arisesthrough the exercise of sovereignty by states, and, accordingly, is limited by the amount of state sovereignty exercised by states. Thatis why when analyzing the relationship between the supranationality of international organizations and state sovereignty, one cannotconsider the priority of one of the two, because supranationality is in essence a manifestation of state sovereignty.Regarding the practical results, the author considers it appropriate to emphasize that both the regional international organization –the EU was studied, and, at the same time, it was proved that all theoretical provisions were reflected in practice, in particular, envisagedfunctions, goals and the tasks of the studied international organizations are limited in scope by the manifestation of sovereignty shownby states, similar to the regulations issued by organizations. Another indication that the state can exercise its sovereignty in any case isthat there is an effective and transparent procedure for leaving these organizations
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Shpakovych, Olga, i Sofia Penkovska. "The relationship between the sovereignty of member states and the supernationality of international organizations". Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, nr 3 (10.11.2020): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.3.2020.16.
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The article presents the result of theoretical and practical study of the relationship between state sovereignty and supranationalityof international organizations. In particular, it is determined that the phenomenon of supranationality of international organizations isderived from state sovereignty and acts as its external law. It has been shown that, in view of this, supranationality is limited becauseit arises through the exercise of sovereignty by states, and, accordingly, is limited by the amount of state sovereignty exercised by states.The relevant mechanism has also been studied on the example of the functioning of the European Union.Regarding the theoretical results, the following should be noted. First, it was proved that despite the different approaches of scho -lars to the understanding of supranationality, definitions of this concept and the separation of its features (properties), in each case,supranationality is a direct realization of state sovereignty. At the same time, the realization of state sovereignty in relation to such pro -perties of international organizations as supranational is primary, and supranationality in this case is derivative. In addition, the phenomenonof supranationality of international organizations due to the fact that it is derived is limited, because supranationality arisesthrough the exercise of sovereignty by states, and, accordingly, is limited by the amount of state sovereignty exercised by states. Thatis why when analyzing the relationship between the supranationality of international organizations and state sovereignty, one cannotconsider the priority of one of the two, because supranationality is in essence a manifestation of state sovereignty.Regarding the practical results, the author considers it appropriate to emphasize that both the regional international organization –the EU was studied, and, at the same time, it was proved that all theoretical provisions were reflected in practice, in particular, envisagedfunctions, goals and the tasks of the studied international organizations are limited in scope by the manifestation of sovereignty shownby states, similar to the regulations issued by organizations. Another indication that the state can exercise its sovereignty in any case isthat there is an effective and transparent procedure for leaving these organizations
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Lieshout, Robert H. "Wilfried Loth, ed., La Gouvernance Supranationale dans la Construction Européenne [Supranational Governance during the Construction of Europe]." Journal of Cold War Studies 10, nr 3 (lipiec 2008): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.3.158.
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Křepelka, Filip. "Transformations of Directives into Regulations: Towards a More Uniform Administrative Law?" European Public Law 27, Issue 4 (1.12.2021): 781–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2021038.
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In the last two decades, the European Union (EU) legislative institutions transformed dozens of directives into regulations. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the most familiar, even to the general public. For various reasons, however, EU legal scholars discuss these transformations sporadically. Framework nature justified the existence of directives. However, EU directives gradually become detailed, narrowing the margin of appreciation exercised by the Member States. We suggest a favourable view of such expansion of uniform frameworks, ranked to the administrative/public law addressing various economic activities in most cases. Transformations reduce the complexity of directives and national law implementing them. Decreasing expenditures and lesser effort in implementation, increased transparency, streamlining of interpretation could result from these transformations. Preference for regulations can enhance both efficiency and legitimacy of supranational policies of the EU shattered with multiple crises. However, prevailing decentralized enforcement of EU law requiring supplementing national legislation together with the EU multilingualism resulting in discourses separated by language barriers limit the advantages of regulations as supranational statutes. At the moment, there is no consensus on the desirability of these transformations. Further discussion is needed. the European Union, Directives, Regulations, Legislation, Supranationality, Statutory law
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Zilinsky, Marek. "Supranationaal procesrecht". Tijdschrift Civiele Rechtspleging 27, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/tcr/092986492019027003004.
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Geiser, Myriam. "Transkulturelles Schreiben im Kontext von (Post-)Migration. : Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Tendenzen in Deutschland und Frankreich". Zeitschrift für Germanistik 33, nr 3 (1.01.2023): 642–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92174_642.
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Abstract Der Beitrag vergleicht die Rezeptionssituation (post-)migrantischen Schreibens in Deutschland und Frankreich seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zum einen werden signifikante Inklusions- und Exklusionstendenzen in ihrem jeweiligen gesellschaftlichen Kontext betrachtet, zum anderen die transnationale Dynamik innerhalb der literarischen Systeme erörtert. Eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt der Frage der Zirkulation transkultureller Literaturen und der Entwicklung eines supranationalen Analyserahmens zu ihrer Beschreibung.The article compares the reception situation of (post-)migrant writing in Germany and France since the second half of the 20th century. On the one hand, significant tendencies towards inclusion and exclusion are considered in their respective social contexts, on the other hand, transnational dynamics within the literary systems are discussed. Special attention is paid to the question of the circulation of transcultural literatures and the development of a supranational analytical framework for their description.
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Erhiun, Melissa. "The ratio of national and supranational levels of foreign policy formation of the European Union". Grani 23, nr 10 (30.10.2020): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172093.
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The relevance of the topic has been summed up by the migratory crisis, the emergence of recent conflicts and the occasional instability near the cordons of the EU, as a result, he is forced to strengthen supranational governance in various fields. One of such areas is foreign policy, which in the context of changing the nature of security interactions plays an important role in the process of European integration. The object of the study is the EU as an international actor in the process of its formation and development. The subject is the foreign policy dimension of the EU's functioning, its conceptual, institutional and instrumental aspects.The aim of the article was to consider a number of approaches with different emphases in the interpretation of the European Union's foreign policy, definitions of "sovereignty" and "supranationality", the difference between normative and implementing supranationalism, the historical attitude of member states to the full preservation or delegation of sovereignty. in the formation of EU policy, the creation of new authorities and positions in the process of EU formation in the context and the factors influencing member states on the formation of common EU policy and determine the attitude of member states to the supranational level of governance, advantages and disadvantages for them.Conclusions. Member states are ambivalent about deeper integration in foreign policy. On the one hand, foreign policy cooperation can serve as a tool that allows Member States to pursue their national interests more effectively. However, in the absence of leadership in the EU, the supranational level can become an instrument of regulatory justification for projecting the priorities of individual member states on other members of the union. At the same time, the possibilities of its use remain limited due to serious differences in the strategic culture of the EU member states.
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Levy, Tal. "Supranational Implementation". Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 26, nr 1 (2016): 60–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice20162613.
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Zayarnyuk, Andriy. "Supranational Patriots?" Ab Imperio 2018, nr 2 (2018): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/imp.2018.0036.
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Wheeler, Mark. "Supranational Regulation". European Journal of Communication 19, nr 3 (sierpień 2004): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323104045263.
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Beaud, Jean-Pierre, i Jean-Guy Prévost. "La dialectique du général et du particulier dans la statistique canadienne". Scientia Canadensis 30, nr 2 (30.06.2009): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800547ar.
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Résumé Depuis le début du 21e siècle, la statistique canadienne a connu d’importantes transformations. En faisant appel au triptyque « structures / pratiques / normes » et en insistant sur les dimensions (locale, nationale ou supranationale) privilégiées, il est possible de distinguer quatre périodes. Jusqu’en 1840, approximativement, les colonies britanniques de l’Amérique du Nord vivent dans un régime qu’on peut qualifier de pré-statistique, sans autorité statistique définie, ni activité statistique régulière, ni, bien sûr, quelque chose qui pourrait s’apparenter à un système statistique. De 1840 à 1920, environ, on assiste à une lente et difficile structuration du « national » qui se dégage à la fois du local et du supranational. Cette structuration prend au moins trois formes : géographique, politique, et, enfin, statistique puisqu’on cherchera, à travers divers arrangements statistiques, à rationaliser à l’échelle du pays tout entier le travail de collecte et d’analyse des données chiffrées. De 1920 jusque dans les années 1980, le système statistique canadien, fortement centralisé, connaîtra une évolution vers une meilleure prise en compte du local comme du régional et du provincial. La dernière période est marquée par une influence plus nette du supranational sur le national, du fait, entre autres, des liens de plus en plus étroits du Canada avec le Mexique et les États-Unis. Elle est aussi caractérisée par le développement d’un véritable marketing statistique centré autour des thématiques du client et de la qualité des produits statistiques. Un tableau synthétique final reprend les informations les plus marquantes.
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Mwita, Neema. "A Deep Dive on Pertinent Issues beneath Supremacy of Community Law: Special Reference to the East African Community". International Journal of Legal Developments & Allied Issues 08, nr 04 (2022): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/ijldai.2022.8402.
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This paper seeks to address issues surrounding applicability of community/regional/supranational law at national level by East African partner states. By practice regional integration initiatives results into laws that bind partner states and individuals as well. It is these laws that regulate the relationship between the states, institutions and individuals in the regional block so created. In this regard legal issues do arise in the implementations of these laws. This paper will make a discussion on these issues, namely; the principles of sovereignty, supranationality and international legal personality, which must be outlined in the constitutive instruments of any regional community. These principles create the environment for proper implementation and application of community law in national courts if they are very well articulated in the community’s constitutive instrument. It is these principles that gives validity to community law, and makes the law supreme, autonomous directly applicable and effective in national court of partner states.
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Volgin, Oleg S. "ON SUPRANATIONAL DEMOCRACY". Journal of Law and Administration, nr 1(42) (2017): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2017-1-42-37-43.
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v. Wedel, Joachim. "Supranational global-reign". Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica 48 (2019): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ap.2019.48-06.
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SADURSKI, WOJCIECH. "Supranational public reason: On legitimacy of supranational norm-producing authorities". Global Constitutionalism 4, nr 3 (26.10.2015): 396–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204538171500012x.
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AbstractThe emergence of strong authorities beyond the nation state has raised questions about the absence of democratic legitimacy at the supranational level. The usual response to this dilemma has been an attempt to uncouple the strict link between national statehood and democracy, and in the process, to confer a degree of legitimacy on supranational authorities. This article argues that such an uncoupling is unconvincing, and that within the legitimacy-democracy-statehood triangle, the uncoupling of legitimacy and democracy is a more promising strategy. The legitimacy of supranational authorities is grounded in their appeal to ‘public reason’ – a legitimacy-conferring device well-suited to supranational authorities, as illustrated in this article by the examples of the European Court of Human Rights and the WTO dispute settlement system. On this basis, the article argues that we should not see the relationship between statehood legitimacy (based optimally on electoral democracy) and supranational legitimacy (based on public reason) as mutually antagonistic and engaged in zero-sum competition. Rather, this relationship allows scope for synergy, with supranational authorities often playing an important role in supporting democracy at the nation-state level.
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Galushko, Dmitry. "International Integration Organizations and the Sovereignty of Member States". Legal Concept, nr 1 (kwiecień 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2021.1.21.
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Introduction: the paper analyzes the characteristics which are typical for the international integration organizations, generalized both at the doctrinal and normative levels, touches on the phenomenon of supranationality as a modern legal reality of international integration, and considers the basis for the transfer of sovereign powers by states, as the only bearers of sovereignty, to the international integration organizations. The purpose of the research is to study and analyze some aspects of the interaction between the international integration organizations and member states in the context of the supranational characteristics of such organizations. Methods: as part of the study, both the general scientific methods of cognition and the private legal methods (formal-legal, comparativelegal) were used. Results: the paper proves that the international integration organizations are a new reality of the modern system of international relations and international law. The author has established that such organizations have a number of characteristic features that distinguish them from the classical international intergovernmental organizations. As one of these main features, the author analyzes the phenomenon of supranationality, which is largely due to the voluntary transfer of their sovereign powers by the member states in favor of the integration associations. Conclusions: in contrast to the participation of states in the international organizations, the membership in the integration associations leads to the restriction of their sovereign rights by states, some of which are transferred to such an association. At the same time, such a transfer cannot be interpreted as their loss or the loss of their sovereign identity, because it’s the state who is the bearer of sovereignty. We are talking about the voluntary transfer of certain sovereign powers that can be revoked at any time, which can be seen in the example of the process of Britain’s exit from the European Union – Brexit.
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TODOROVIĆ LAZIĆ, JELENA. "DECISION-MAKING IN THE EU COUNCIL OF MINISTERS AFTER BREXIT". Kultura polisa, nr 46 (18.10.2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2021.18.3r.1.06.
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The EU Council of Ministers is different from other EU institutions because it is both an intergovernmental and supranational authority. This hybrid nature has motivated many authors to focus their research on it. The Council is an intergovernmental institution if we look at who is part of it (representatives of the Member States) while the elements of supranationality are most visible in the deci-sion-making area. The central decision-making institutions, the Council of Ministers can take decisions by qualified majority to be applied even to those countries that have not voted for decision. This decision-making procedure is what makes the Council recognizable, and at the same time this is an area that will be significantly affected by the UK's departure from the Union. Therefore, the subject of this paper is the analysis of decision-making in the Council after Brexit. The aim is to present future changes in this area, bearing in mind the current Lisbon model of qualified decision-making by a double majority. In addition, the paper provides projections on what coalitions in the Council might look like after the departure of one of the larg-est and most influential states.
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Coolsaet, Rik. "Continuïteit en discontinuïteit in het Belgisch Europabeleid". Res Publica 40, nr 2 (30.06.1998): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v40i2.18554.
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European states, including Belgium, have looked at the construction of Europe through an economie and a political prism. Both dimensions have evolved following parallel paths. In Belgium a large consensus has always existed concerning the economie dimension of the European construction. In this respect Belgiums post-1945 European policies area direct continuation of the interwar efforts to build a West-European economic area, based on a free trade philosophy and a rejection of economic nationalism which always handicapped small trading states such as Belgium. Even before the second world war the Belgian elite thus accepted the principles of economic multilateralism.In the political dimension however a consensus on a federal Europe only emerged at the end of the seventies. Till then, important parts of the Belgian political elite remained sceptical and even hostile to the construction of a supranational Europe, based on a traditional view on political autonomy and independence. The reasons why Belgian views on the political dimension of Europe slowly shifted to a federal objective were partly domestic and partly the result of the growing awareness that a small countries' political interests in the world can be best pursued through supranationality.
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Чиркин, Вениамин, i Vyeniamin CHirkin. "Supranational Law: Main Features". Journal of Russian Law 5, nr 2 (11.01.2017): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24124.
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Zimmerbauer, Kaj. "Supranational identities in planning". Regional Studies 52, nr 7 (7.09.2017): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2017.1360481.
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de Deugd, Nienke, Katharina Stamm i Wim Westerman. "Supranational Cooperation in Europe". Global Policy 4, nr 3 (wrzesień 2013): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12063.
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Walker, Neil. "Policing and the Supranational". Policing and Society 12, nr 4 (styczeń 2002): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1043946022000005590.
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Gilpin, Christopher, i Fuad Mirzayev. "Tuberculosis Supranational Reference Laboratories". Clinics in Chest Medicine 40, nr 4 (grudzień 2019): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2019.07.005.
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Fischer, Klemens H. "Die Legitimation von supranationalen Organisationen". Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht 62, nr 3 (wrzesień 2007): 323–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00708-007-0182-5.
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Jones, Adrian L. "Continental Divide and the Politics of Complex Sovereignty: Canada, The United States and the International Criminal Court". Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, nr 2 (czerwiec 2006): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906060173.
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Abstract. As a recent instance of transnational cooperation and governance, encompassing a novel combination of international and supranational legal properties, the International Criminal Court provides an instructive forum for considering increasingly complex sovereignty. This paper considers why Canada and the United States have pursued such divergent policies toward the Court. I argue that these postures are informed by their subjective conceptions of state sovereignty, a reflection of varying interests, values and capacities. As such, this case study illuminates factors that may influence patterns and limitations of transnational cooperation by states.Résumé. Comme exemple récent de coopération et de gouvernance transnationales, englobant une combinaison innovatrice de caractéristiques juridiques internationales et supranationales, la Cour pénale internationale constitue un forum instructif pour l'étude de la complexité croissante de la souveraineté. Cet article examine pourquoi le Canada et les États-Unis ont adopté des politiques aussi divergentes à l'égard de la Cour. J'avance que leurs positions sont fondées sur leurs notions subjectives de la souveraineté des États et qu'elles reflètent les divergences de leurs intérêts, de leurs valeurs et de leurs capacités. En définitive, cette étude de cas met en lumière les facteurs susceptibles d'influencer les modèles et les limites de la coopération transnationale entre les États.
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Bourque, Gilles, i Jules Duchastel. "Démocratie et communauté politique supranationale". Hors thème, nr 28 (29.04.2011): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1002531ar.
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Ce texte tente d’expliquer pourquoi on assiste actuellement à un pourrissement de l’espace public et à une « ethnicisation » des rapports sociaux au Québec. L’évocation de la primauté du droit et l’affirmation des droits des minorités s’inscrivent dans le mouvement de judiciarisation des rapports sociaux et de constitutionnalisation des droits, mouvement propre à la situation du Canada après 1982. Ainsi, une série de choix politiques effectués au Canada ont eu pour effets de fragmenter les identités et de soumettre les instances législatives au tribunal. On assiste dès lors à la naissance d’une citoyenneté particulariste d’inspiration bioculturelle et à une régression des débats démocratiques dans un espace qui n’est plus qu’un lieu d’affrontement des droits particularistes. Après avoir montré comment cette situation esquive la question, fondamentale en démocratie, de la communauté politique, les auteurs analysent les situations canadienne et québécoise. Le Canada, transformé en une communauté juridique, se voit empêché de construire une véritable communauté politique pancanadienne, alors que le Québec arrive difficilement à faire s’épanouir une culture politique francophone commune au sein d’une société désormais pluriculturelle et multinationale. Les auteurs proposent, face à l’urgence actuelle de la démocratie à l’échelle planétaire, de réinventer la communauté politique sur une base plus large et de repenser l’exercice de la démocratie dans des institutions supranationales fondées sur la pérennité d’unités de base nationales.
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Lyalina, A. V. "Supranational Policy of Migrant Integration in the EU". Baltic Region 2 (2014): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2014-2-8.
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Weber, Florian, i Julia Dittel. "Biosphärenreservate zwischen supranationalen Vorgaben und lokaler Umsetzung". Berichte Geographie und Landeskunde 95, nr 4 (2022): 433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/bgl-2022-0022.
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Lerner, Pablo. "The Relationship between ‘Common Principles’, Comparative Law and the ‘New Ius Commune’". European Review of Private Law 16, Issue 6 (1.12.2008): 949–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2008071.
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Abstract: Harmonization blends the laws of various countries, enabling better trade and commercial practices; it occurs in a number of manners: through supranational agencies, conventions and treaties, soft law, and researchers. Comparative law is crucial to harmonization; it is not only a theoretical academic fi eld, but rather a basis for creating world–wide legal solutions emphasizing collaboration and cooperation between the different legal systems. This article will focus on the process of ‘academic harmonization’, which has materialized via the enactment of common principles. The idea behind common principles is that harmonization can be achieved through formulating rules aimed as “common law” on an international or regional level. The fact that these common principles can be understood as comparative works should be examined. This article discusses the points of contact between the drafting of common principles and comparative law (i.e., language or methodological questions). While there is a different approach between comparative law and harmonization vis–à–vis common principles, there is a strong relationship between the two, and it is this relationship that allows the development of ‘the new ius commune’. Résumé: L’harmonisation mélange les droits de différents pays, permettant un commerce et des pratiques commerciales meilleurs. Elle procède de différentes façons : au moyen d’agences supranationales, de conventions, de traités, de droit mou, et par la recherche. Le droit comparé est crucial pour l’harmonisation ; il ne s’agit pas seulement d’un champ académique théorique mais plutôt d’une base pour créer des solutions mondiales qui mettent en valeur collaboration et coopération entre les différents systèmes légaux. Cet article se concentrera sur le procédé d’harmonisation académique créé par l’énonciation de principes communs, qui sont obtenus par la formulation de règles qui visent à être utilisées comme doit commun au niveau international ou régional. Cet article présente, en les expliquant, les points de contact entre la rédaction de principes communs et le droit comparé (comme les questions de langage et de méthodologie). Alors qu’il existe une différence d’approches entre le droit comparé et l’harmonisation par des principes communs, il y a une relation forte entre les deux et c’est cette relation qui permet le développement d’un nouvel «ius commune». Zusammenfassung: Rechtsharmonisierung beeinfl usst stets mehr die nationalen Gesetzer verschiedener Staaten, um eine Verbesserung des Handels sowie anderer gewerblicher Aktivitäten zu ermöglichen. Sie erfolgt auf verschiedenen Wegen: mittels supranationaler Organisationen, Übereinkommen und Staatsverträgen, soft law sowie auch der Rechtswissenschaft. Die Rechtsvergleichung ist entscheidend für die Rechtsharmonisierung. Es ist nicht nur eine theoretische rechtswissenschaftliche Disziplin, sondern vielmehr handelt es sich bei ihr um eine Grundlage für die Schaffung weltweiter rechtlicher Lösungen, wobei hier Zusammenarbeit und Kooperation zwischen den verschiedenen Rechtssystemen im Mittelpunkt steht. In diesem Beitrag soll der Prozess der” rechtswissenschaftlichen Rechtsharmonisierung“ im Mittelpunkt, die durch die Aufstellung von sog. gemeinsamen Grundsä
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ARTUN, Fatih, i Sevki ISIKLI. "Towards A Supranational Media Theory". AJIT-e Online Academic Journal of Information Technology 9, nr 34 (1.11.2018): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5824/1309-1581.2018.4.009.x.
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Satellite systems and the Internet have created a significant alternative that undermines the traditional reporting approach and triggered the search for a new order in mass communication. Instant and interactive data transfer systems have transformed local users into global readers and reporters encouraging a trend of democratization relative to freedom of thought and expression. Content providers and distributors in the traditional news industry which is televisions, magazines, radios, newspapers, online platforms, have a wide range of freedom to reach people. Consumers who use interactive mass communication systems have opportunities to interact with the content that is produced in many different centers. However, in the presence of the media defined as a mechanism that manufactures the consent of people for certain ideas, no matter if they are traditional or novel, people sometimes take the position of a buyer or an activist who takes action for a project and sometimes a part of a group of insusceptible people. People think their consent is their freewill without noticing that it is just a product. They feel a sense of gratitude to the ruling elites without noticing that they are the subjects of a social experiment and under the hypnotic influence of the media. Even though the world societies are getting the same content using the same communication technologies thanks to supranational media companies. Particularly because of content created to convey a message, social differences become more explicit and radical rather than the values in common. That’s why conflicts are incited. At the heart of the majority of new media organization debates, the existence of this problematic information lies. This article, which has been prepared with an analytical approach based on a literature review, discusses the theoretical conditions and the possibility of a new supranational media structure that world citizens need as a source of information. The philosophical basis of the supranational media ideal in question is at the heart of cosmopolitan individuals and eternal peace ideals of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The present media are unable to produce content that doesn’t try to convey a message as it positions individuals as “consumers or user” rather than “people”. Here, supranational media depicting theoretical conditions doesn’t seek profit. It introduces individuals and cultures with their diverse social layers in the consciousness of being a cosmopolitan. Supranational media’s output is based on notions like science, rights and freedoms, the earth, coexistence, and "humanity”.
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Behrend, Ben. "The Supranational Governmentality of Neoliberalism". Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 26 (31.03.2015): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.26.3.
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With his concept of governmentality, Michel Foucault delivered one of the most innovative approaches to analyze neoliberalism, which is predominant on the international stage since “Thatcherism” (1979-90) and “Reagonomics” (1981-88). Even an own discipline developed around this concept (governmentality studies), bringing fruitful theoretical merits. However, there is a huge gap. Benchmark for most researches in the governmentality studies is always the geographical and jurisdictional confined state. Thus, inter-, trans-, and supranational organizations such as the UN, IMF, EU, World Bank or INGOs are completely neglected. I try to fill that gap and to deliver starting points for further analysis of (neoliberal) governmentality on a supranational level by asking: How do neoliberal socio-economic programs of the IMF and European Commission (EC) for Greece work in a Foucauldian perspective? While conducting a theoretical discussion of the governing principles of Troika programs for Greece and using the concept of governmentality, I find that social security is reconcilable with neoliberalism, but an organization of it on a public basis is not. Public welfare is not excluded in neoliberalism; the neoliberal governmentality even insists on private, personal provision, which is based on individual responsibility of a rational acting subject. The objective is to transform social security to a private good. And the same principles are used by the Troika through their adjustment programs during the Greek crisis.
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Zuev, V. "Supranational Mechanism in Integration Theory". World Economy and International Relations, nr 4 (2011): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-4-30-38.
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The authors points out that there are several objective prerequisites for supranational mechanism to be implemented. These include a well-developed economy, high degree of internationalization and substantal level of economic interdependence. The growing contradictions between the national regulation and transnational economy can be eased by recourse to supranational mechanisms. The globalization opens the way for supranational solutions on a broad international scale.
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Fabbrini, Sebastiano. "Whatever Happened to Supranational Architecture?" Ardeth 07, nr 2 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17454/ardeth07.06.
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HOOGHE, LIESBET. "Supranational Activists or Intergovernmental Agents?" Comparative Political Studies 32, nr 4 (czerwiec 1999): 435–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414099032004002.
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Since the inception of the European Community (EC)/European Union (EU), the European Commission has been the engine of European integration, but studies have failed to account for how office holders in the commission conceive authority in the EU. The author explains variation in supranationalist and intergovernmentalist views among top commission officials using 140 interviews and 106 mail questionnaires undertaken between July 1995 and May 1997. Officials' views are greatly influenced by prior state career and previous political socialization, with former state employees and nationals of large, unitary states leaning to intergovernmentalism and those without former state experience and from federal systems to supranationalism. Partial confirmation of a principal-agent logic is found in that officials in powerful commission services favor supranationalism only if prior socialization predisposes them to such views. Thus, the results support socialization theory, but they are inconclusive for principal-agent arguments.
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Aleksandr Atasuntsev. "MOSCOW, MINSK SHELVE SUPRANATIONAL ISSUE". Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 71, nr 051-052 (31.12.2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.57176479.
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Mutavdžić, Radenko. "Identity: From individual to supranational". Vojno delo 69, nr 7 (2017): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1707137m.
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LEITH, MURRAY STEWART. "Supranational Citizenship ? By L. Dobson". JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 45, nr 3 (wrzesień 2007): 762–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2007.00735_18.x.
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Kolokytha, Olga. "Cultural leadership at supranational level". Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement 5, nr 1 (1.08.2019): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zkmm-2019-0104.
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