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Arletti, Rossella, Simona Quartieri, Giovanna Vezzalini, Ettore Fois i Gloria Tabacchi. "HP-induced supra-molecular organization of guest molecules in FER-type zeolites". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5.08.2014): C1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314085301.
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The response to pressure of a synthetic all-silica ferrierite (Si-FER) and of a natural ferrierite from Monastir (Sardinia, Italy) (Mon-FER, Na0.56 K1.19 Mg2.02 Ca0.52 Sr0.14)(Al6.89Si29.04)O72 ·17.86 H2O) is here investigated combining HP synchrotron XRPD experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The experiments were carried out by using penetrating (methanol:ethanol:water 16:3:1, m.e.w.; ethanol:water 1:3, e.w.) and non-penetrating (silicone oil, s.o.) pressure transmitting media (PTM). In Si-FER compressed in e.w., both water (w.) and ethanol molecules (e.) enter the pore system even at 0.2 GPa. The structural refinement of the data collected at 0.8 GPa reveals 8 w. and 4 e. molecules in the 10- and 6-membered ring channels, in tight agreement with the results of MD simulations. In Si-FER compressed at 0.2 GPa in m.e.w., only water molecules penetrate the 10-membered ring channels (15 per u.c.), organized in chains running along the channel axis. The interactions among the guest species and the framework oxygen atoms are very weak, due to the hydrophobicity of the framework. Upon decompression, the intruded extra-molecules are not completely released, so giving rise to new materials with different extra-framework contents. The results obtained for Si-FER compressed in m.e.w. and s.o. were compared to those obtained for Mon-FER, demonstrating that the zeolite composition and the PTM strongly influence the overall elastic parameters of the investigated samples. Specifically, Mon-FER shows a much higher rigidy than Si-FER in both media, due to the stiffening effect of the numerous extraframework species present in the natural sample. The higher rigidity of Si-FER in m.e.w. with respect to s.o. can be explained by the penetration, in the former case, of the PTM molecules, which contribute to stiffen the framework.
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Yan, Li, Wei Liu, Chuanbi Li, Yifei Wang, Li Ma i Qinqin Dong. "Hydrogen bonded supra-molecular framework in inorganic–organic hybrid compounds: Syntheses, structures, and photoluminescent properties". Journal of Molecular Structure 1035 (marzec 2013): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.11.046.
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FENG, ZHAO-QING, i GEN-MING JIN. "PROBING THE SYMMETRY ENERGY AT SUPRA-SATURATION DENSITIES FROM PION EMISSION IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS". International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, nr 08n09 (wrzesień 2010): 1686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310016107.
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Within the framework of the improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (ImIQMD) model, the emission of pion in heavy-ion collisions in the region 1 A GeV as a probe of nuclear symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities is investigated systematically, in which the pion is considered to be mainly produced by the decay of resonances Δ(1232) and N *(1440). The π-/π+ yields are calculated for selected Skyrme parameters SkP, SLy6, Ska and SIII, and also for the cases of different stiffness of symmetry energy with the parameter SLy6. Preliminary results compared with the measured data by the FOPI collaboration favor a hard symmetry energy of the potential term proportional to (ρ/ρ0)γs with γs = 2.
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Yan, Li, Chuanbi Li i Xiaoli Chen. "Hydrogen bonded supra-molecular framework in inorganic–organic hybrid compounds of Mn(II) and Zn(II): Syntheses, structures, and photoluminescent studies". Journal of Molecular Structure 1058 (styczeń 2014): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.11.026.
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Shi, Shikao, Ji Zhou, Shitian Han, Yanli Peng i Jianping Ye. "Optical Properties of Porphyrin Chromophores Assembled in Nano-Lamellar Zirconium Phosphate". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, nr 3 (1.03.2008): 1359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18196.
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The supra-molecular assemblies and optical properties of the symmetrical neutral porphyrin chromophore, meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphine, bound to a modified α-zirconium phosphate framework have been studied. The interlayer distance of the cetyltrimethylammonium zirconium phosphate framework is 39.6 Å. After the addition of meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphine to the framework, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns show that the interlayer distance of the framework is 30.3 Å, demonstrating the formation of novel assemblies. In the framework, organic chromophores are assumed to align in a canted monolayer. The interaction of organic chromophores with the frame-work causes noticeable red shifts of the Soret absorption band from 416 to 427 nm. In contrast, the luminescence peak is blue shifted from 660 nm in aqueous media to 648 nm when mesotetra(4-pyridyl)porphine is bound to the framework. Furthermore, the emission yield of the organic chromophore in the framework is dramatically enhanced compared to that of organic aqueous solutions. The spectroscopic change of meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphine is ascribed to the unique microenvironments of the nano-lamellar framework. The juxtaposition of the porphyrin chromophores in the framework tunes their electronic interactions. In comparison, the organic chromophores also attempted to bind with another modified α-zirconium phosphate, n-butylammonium zirconium phosphate. However, the chromophores could not enter into n-butylammonium zirconium phosphate due to its smaller interlayer distance (18.8 Å).
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Kawamura, Yasuhiko, Takaaki Ishiduka i Masao Tsukayama. "One-Way Geometrical Isomerization of 1,1-Diarylethenes Induced by Photosensitized Electron Transfer". International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, nr 08n09 (10.04.2003): 1492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019216.
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One-way geometrical isomerization around a C=C bond of 1,1-diary1-2-t-butylethene is achieved upon photoirradiation of cyanoaromatics as a light-absorbing sensitizer. In the thermochemical view, there is no difference between both E and Z isomers of the ethene. Key intermediate is a putative distonic radical cation which is a unique one having a spatially separate radical and ionic centers on the molecular framework. Generation of such an intermediate is due to the presence of a π-donating substituent on an aromatic ring and a bulky t-butyl group. Molecular oxygen interacts as superoxide with the C=C bond of the radical cation in a [supra + antara] manner to give a decomposition product, i.e. a benzophenone derivative and pivalaldehyde, via a dioxetane and competitively, one geometrical isomer of the ethene is afforded by splitting oxygen before making two bonds with the ethene radical cation and superoxide.
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Kawamura, Yasuhiko, Takahiro Abe i Masao Tsukayama. "One-Way and Two-Way Geometrical Isomerizations of 1, 1-Diarylketone Oxime O-Methyl Ethers Induced by Photosensitized Electron Transfer". International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, nr 08n09 (10.04.2003): 1487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019204.
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Under an oxygen atmosphere, the E and Z isomer ratio of N-methoxy-4-methoxyphenyl-4'-methylphenylmethanimine (one of the title compounds; initially, ⌈E⌉/⌈Z⌉ = 1/1) reached to 4/96 upon irradiation (> 360 nm) of 9, 10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) as a photosensitizer in acetonitrile. Key intermediate is presumed to be a putative distonic radical cation which is a unique one having a spatially separate radical and ionic centers on the molecular framework. The whole scenario of the reaction was supported by molecular orbital calculations. An excited singlet state of DCA generated by light absorption was quenched by oxime ethers to give the DCA anion radical and radical cations of E- and Z-oxime ethers. Then the subsequent single electron transfer from the DCA anion radical to molecular oxygen generates superoxide anion radical, which reacted with distonic radical cations of E- and Z-oxime ethers bya ⌈supra + antara⌉ manner. Geometry selection occurs at a stage of just making a new bond between nitrogen and oxygen terminals in the ensuing peroxyaminy1-1,4-diradical. The final oxime ether is afforded by releasing molecular oxygen without successful single bond formation. Instead, ring closure to azadioxetane gives rise to formation of byproducts, benzophenones and methyl nitrite, by decomposion of it in a metathesis fashion.
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Altayyar, Mansour, Jennifer A. Nasser, Dimitra Thomopoulos i Michael Bruneau. "The Implication of Physiological Ketosis on The Cognitive Brain: A Narrative Review". Nutrients 14, nr 3 (25.01.2022): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030513.
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Optimal cognitive functions are necessary for activities of daily living and self-independence. Cognitive abilities are acquired during early childhood as part of progressive neurodevelopmental milestones; unfortunately, regressive changes can occur as part of physiological aging, or more ominously, pathological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cases of AD and its milder subset, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are rising and would impose a burdensome impact beyond the individual level. Various dietary and nutritional approaches have potential for promising results in managing cognitive deterioration. Glucose is the core source of bioenergy in the body; however, glucose brain metabolism could be affected in aging cells or due to disease development. Ketone bodies are an efficient alternate fuel source that could compensate for the deficient glycolytic metabolism upon their supra-physiologic availability in the blood (ketosis), which, in turn, could promote cognitive benefits and tackle disease progression. In this review, we describe the potential of ketogenic approaches to produce cognitive benefits in healthy individuals, as well as those with MCI and AD. Neurophysiological changes of the cognitive brain in response to ketosis through neuroimaging modalities are also described in this review to provide insight into the ketogenic effect on the brain outside the framework of purely molecular explanations.
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Porto, Michele, Paolino Caputo, Valeria Loise, Giovanni De Filpo, Cesare Oliviero Rossi i Pietro Calandra. "Polysaccharides-Reinforced Bitumens: Specificities and Universality of Rheological Behavior". Applied Sciences 9, nr 24 (17.12.2019): 5564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245564.
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The rheological properties of bitumens can be modified by the addition of specific chemical additives. Taking into account the molecular complex aggregation pattern, we hypothesized that macromolecules characterized by long, flexible, and hydrophilic chains can establish soft bridges connecting the different polar aggregates of asphaltenes, strengthening their overall hierarchical supra-structures, and consequently increasing rheological performance at higher temperatures. Here, we propose the use of low cost and high availability polysaccharides as chemical additives to improve the rheological characteristics of a bitumen and to strengthen its thermal resistance. Fourteen different low-cost and high-availability polysaccharides, (flours, gums, and extracts from vegetable products) have been tested. While alghae euchemae have proved to be the most effective additive, corn and 00 flours are the least effective. Attempts to explain their differences have been made considering their chemical interactions with the polar molecules of asphaltenes within the complex framework of their supramolecular hierarchical structures. Through Arrhenius analysis, a correlation between activation energy and preexponential factor has been found, which can be useful for practical purposes, together with an unexpected consistency with the behavior of simple liquids, despite the striking differences in structure. Furthermore, a qualitative model has been suggested. The added value of this work is the focus on polysaccharides constituting low-cost, high availability materials which are sometimes even found as waste in industrial processes, all factors which, together with the environmental issues connected with their use, can be considered for large-scale applications.
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Lloyd, David, Miguel A. Aon i Sonia Cortassa. "Why Homeodynamics, Not Homeostasis?" Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.20.
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Ideas of homeostasis derive from the concept of the organism as an open system. These ideas can be traced back to Heraclitus. Hopkins, Bernard, Hill, Cannon, Weiner and von Bertalanffy developed further the mechanistic basis of turnover of biological components, and Schoenheimer and Rittenberg were pioneers of experimental approaches to the problems of measuring pool sizes and dynamic fluxes. From the second half of the twentieth century, a biophysical theory mainly founded on self-organisation and Dynamic Systems Theory allowed us to approach the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the organised complexity that characterises living systems. This combination of theoretical framework and more refined experimental techniques revealed that feedback control of steady states is a mode of operation that, although providing stability, is only one of many modes and may be the exception rather than the rule. The concept of homeodynamics that we introduce here offers a radically new and all-embracing concept that departs from the classical homeostatic idea that emphasises the stability of the internal milieu toward perturbation. Indeed, biological systems are homeody- namic because of their ability to dynamically self-organise at bifurcation points of their behaviour where they lose stability. Consequently, they exhibit diverse behaviour; in addition to monotonic stationary states, living systems display complex behaviour with all its emergent characteristics, i.e., bistable switches, thresholds, waves, gradients, mutual entrainment, and periodic as well as chaotic behaviour, as evidenced in cellular phenomena such as dynamic (supra)molecular organisation and flux coordination. These processes may proceed on different spatial scales, as well as across time scales, from the very rapid processes within and between molecules in membranes to the slow time scales of evolutionary change. It is dynamic organisation under homeodynamic conditions that make possible the organised complexity of life.
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Bene, László, Miklós Bagdány i László Damjanovich. "T-cell Receptor Is a Threshold Detector: Sub- and Supra-Threshold Stochastic Resonance in TCR-MHC Clusters on the Cell Surface". Entropy 24, nr 3 (10.03.2022): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24030389.
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Stochastic resonance in clusters of major histocompatibility molecules is extended by a more detailed description of adaptive thresholding and by applying the notion of suprathreshold stochastic resonance as a stochastically quantizing encoder of transmembrane signaling downstream of major histocompatibility molecules and T-cell receptors on the side of presenting and recognizing cells, respectively. The adaptive nature of thresholding is partly explained by a mirroring of the noncognate–cognate dichotomy shown by the T-cell receptor structure and the kinetic-segregation model of the onset of T-cell receptor triggering. Membrane clusters of major histocompatibility molecules and T-cell receptors on their host cells are envisioned as places of the temporal encoding of downstream signals via the suprathreshold stochastic resonance process. The ways of optimization of molecular prostheses, such as chimeric antigen receptors against cancer in transmembrane signaling, are suggested in the framework of suprathreshold stochastic resonance. The analogy between Förster resonance energy transfer and suprathreshold stochastic resonance for information transfer is also discussed. The overlap integral for energy transfer parallels the mutual information transferred by suprathreshold stochastic resonance.
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Lalwani, Poortata, i David Brang. "Stochastic resonance model of synaesthesia". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, nr 1787 (21.10.2019): 20190029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0029.
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In synaesthesia, stimulation of one sensory modality evokes additional experiences in another modality (e.g. sounds evoking colours). Along with these cross-sensory experiences, there are several cognitive and perceptual differences between synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes. For example, synaesthetes demonstrate enhanced imagery, increased cortical excitability and greater perceptual sensitivity in the concurrent modality. Previous models suggest that synaesthesia results from increased connectivity between corresponding sensory regions or disinhibited feedback from higher cortical areas. While these models explain how one sense can evoke qualitative experiences in another, they fail to predict the broader phenotype of differences observed in synaesthetes. Here, we propose a novel model of synaesthesia based on the principles of stochastic resonance. Specifically, we hypothesize that synaesthetes have greater neural noise in sensory regions, which allows pre-existing multisensory pathways to elicit supra-threshold activation (i.e. synaesthetic experiences). The strengths of this model are (a) it predicts the broader cognitive and perceptual differences in synaesthetes, (b) it provides a unified framework linking developmental and induced synaesthesias, and (c) it explains why synaesthetic associations are inconsistent at onset but stabilize over time. We review research consistent with this model and propose future studies to test its limits. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Bridging senses: novel insights from synaesthesia’.
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Javaid, Zainab, Usman Rashid, Sarmad Saif, Laraib Qamar, Maaz Ahmad, Shahab Rafiq, Marij Hameed i Muhammad Tahir Khan. "Honey as a Medium of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, nr 5 (30.05.2022): 1597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651597.
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Gingivitis is an infection caused by plaque and calculus accumulation. Gingivitis if not treated progress to periodontitis, a more advanced form of gum disease. Periodontal disease was the world's 11th most frequent disease in 2016 according to the World Health Organization. Surgical as well non- surgical periodontal therapies are carried out for periodontal disease treatment. Debridement of supra-gingival and sub-gingival calculus, along with instructions about oral health care methods are the basis of traditional non-surgical periodontal therapy (NTPS). Honey is beneficial to oral health, particularly in the cure of plaque formation, gingiva inflammation, periodontitis and odor control. Honey has antibacterial activity and is effective against both gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. Honey's antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics can promote the granulation tissue formation and enabling damaged cells to be regeneration. Materials And Method: This review followed the guided framework from the approach of Arksey and O'Malley for the scoping review (2005). The methodology was chosen because it has a five-stage framework. Exclusion & inclusion criteria were made and 60 articles were selected. Articles were searched from the PubMed, Google Scholar and other search engines. Results: Based on the data retrieved we concluded that honey can be used as a medium for non-surgical periodontal therapy. Honey have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties due high osmolarity, acidic nature and hydrogen peroxide as well non-peroxide components of honey and is used by many researcher for cure of periodontal disease but still there is not very strong evidence that locally given honey affects periodontal tissue healing. Despite this, all of the pockets had a good periodontal repair. Honey's efficacy in the treatment periodontal disease is still not well established and still questionable. To substantiate these findings from the literature, more research will be required.
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Mallet, Robert T., Albert H. Olivencia-Yurvati i Rolf Bünger. "Pyruvate enhancement of cardiac performance: Cellular mechanisms and clinical application". Experimental Biology and Medicine 243, nr 2 (20.11.2017): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370217743919.
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Cardiac contractile function is adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-intensive, and the myocardium’s high demand for oxygen and energy substrates leaves it acutely vulnerable to interruptions in its blood supply. The myriad cardioprotective properties of the natural intermediary metabolite pyruvate make it a potentially powerful intervention against the complex injury cascade ignited by myocardial ischemia–reperfusion. A readily oxidized metabolic substrate, pyruvate augments myocardial free energy of ATP hydrolysis to a greater extent than the physiological fuels glucose, lactate and fatty acids, particularly when it is provided at supra-physiological plasma concentrations. Pyruvate also exerts antioxidant effects by detoxifying reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) production to maintain glutathione redox state. These enhancements of free energy and antioxidant defenses combine to augment sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ release and re-uptake central to cardiac mechanical performance and to restore β-adrenergic signaling of ischemically stunned myocardium. By minimizing Ca2+ mismanagement and oxidative stress, pyruvate suppresses inflammation in post-ischemic myocardium. Thus, pyruvate administration stabilized cardiac performance, augmented free energy of ATP hydrolysis and glutathione redox systems, and/or quelled inflammation in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass, a canine model of cardiac arrest–resuscitation, and a caprine model of hypovolemia and hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion. Pyruvate’s myriad benefits in preclinical models provide the mechanistic framework for its clinical application as metabolic support for myocardium at risk. Phase one trials have demonstrated pyruvate’s safety and efficacy for intravenous resuscitation for septic shock, intracoronary infusion for heart failure and as a component of cardioplegia for cardiopulmonary bypass. The favorable outcomes of these trials, which argue for expanded, phase three investigations of pyruvate therapy, mirror findings in isolated, perfused hearts, underscoring the pivotal role of preclinical research in identifying clinical interventions for cardiovascular diseases. Impact statement This article reviews pyruvate’s cardioprotective properties as an energy-yielding metabolic fuel, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in mammalian myocardium. Preclinical research has shown these properties make pyruvate a powerful intervention to curb the complex injury cascade ignited by ischemia and reperfusion. In ischemically stunned isolated hearts and in large mammal models of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest–resuscitation and hypovolemia, intracoronary pyruvate supports recovery of myocardial contractile function, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and free energy of ATP hydrolysis, and its antioxidant actions restore β-adrenergic signaling and suppress inflammation. The first clinical trials of pyruvate for cardiopulmonary bypass, fluid resuscitation and intracoronary intervention for congestive heart failure have been reported. Receiver operating characteristic analyses show remarkable concordance between pyruvate’s beneficial functional and metabolic effects in isolated, perfused hearts and in patients recovering from cardiopulmonary bypass in which they received pyruvate- vs. L-lactate-fortified cardioplegia. This research exemplifies the translation of mechanism-oriented preclinical studies to clinical application and outcomes.
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Grawunder, Sven, Natalie Uomini, Liran Samuni, Tatiana Bortolato, Cédric Girard-Buttoz, Roman M. Wittig i Catherine Crockford. "Chimpanzee vowel-like sounds and voice quality suggest formant space expansion through the hominoid lineage". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377, nr 1841 (15.11.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0455.
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The origins of human speech are obscure; it is still unclear what aspects are unique to our species or shared with our evolutionary cousins, in part due to a lack of a common framework for comparison. We asked what chimpanzee and human vocal production acoustics have in common. We examined visible supra-laryngeal articulators of four major chimpanzee vocalizations (hoos, grunts, barks, screams) and their associated acoustic structures, using techniques from human phonetic and animal communication analysis. Data were collected from wild adult chimpanzees, Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Both discriminant and principal component classification procedures revealed classification of call types. Discriminating acoustic features include voice quality and formant structure, mirroring phonetic features in human speech. Chimpanzee lip and jaw articulation variables also offered similar discrimination of call types. Formant maps distinguished call types with different vowel-like sounds. Comparing our results with published primate data, humans show less F1–F2 correlation and further expansion of the vowel space, particularly for [i] sounds. Unlike recent studies suggesting monkeys achieve human vowel space, we conclude from our results that supra-laryngeal articulatory capacities show moderate evolutionary change, with vowel space expansion continuing through hominoid evolution. Studies on more primate species will be required to substantiate this. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part II)’.
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Barten, Robin, Dirk-Jan M. van Workum, Emma de Bakker, Judith Risse, Michelle Kleisman, Sofia Navalho, Sandra Smit, Rene H. Wijffels, Harm Nijveen i Maria J. Barbosa. "Genetic mechanisms underlying increased microalgal thermotolerance, maximal growth rate, and yield on light following adaptive laboratory evolution". BMC Biology 20, nr 1 (28.10.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01431-y.
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Abstract Background Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a powerful method for strain optimization towards abiotic stress factors and for identifying adaptation mechanisms. In this study, the green microalga Picochlorum sp. BPE23 was cultured under supra-optimal temperature to force genetic adaptation. The robustness and adaptive capacity of Picochlorum strains turned them into an emerging model for evolutionary studies on abiotic stressors such as temperature, salinity, and light. Results Mutant strains showed an expanded maximal growth temperature of 44.6 °C, whereas the maximal growth temperature of the wild-type strain was 42 °C. Moreover, at the optimal growth temperature of 38 °C, the biomass yield on light was 22.3% higher, and the maximal growth rate was 70.5% higher than the wild type. Genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis were performed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the improved phenotype. A de novo assembled phased reference genome allowed the identification of 21 genic mutations involved in various processes. Moreover, approximately half of the genome contigs were found to be duplicated or even triplicated in all mutants, suggesting a causal role in adaptation. Conclusions The developed tools and mutant strains provide a strong framework from whereupon Picochlorum sp. BPE23 can be further developed. Moreover, the extensive strain characterization provides evidence of how microalgae evolve to supra-optimal temperature and to photobioreactor growth conditions. With this study, microalgal evolutionary mechanisms were identified by combining ALE with genome sequencing.
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Hans, Jörg B., Niels Pfennigwerth, Bernd Neumann, Yvonne Pfeifer, Martin A. Fischer, Jessica Eisfeld, Jennifer Schauer i in. "Molecular surveillance reveals the emergence and dissemination of NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli high-risk clones in Germany, 2013 to 2019". Eurosurveillance 28, nr 10 (9.03.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.10.2200509.
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Background Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are rapidly increasing worldwide, also in Europe. Although prevalence of CPE in Germany is comparatively low, the National Reference Centre for Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria noted annually increasing numbers of NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli isolates. Aim As part of our ongoing surveillance programme, we characterised NDM-5-producing E. coli isolates received between 2013 and 2019 using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Methods From 329 identified NDM-5-producing E. coli, 224 isolates from known geographical locations were subjected to Illumina WGS. Analyses of 222 sequenced isolates included multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome (cg)MLST and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based analyses. Results Results of cgMLST revealed genetically distinct clusters for many of the 43 detected sequence types (ST), of which ST167, ST410, ST405 and ST361 predominated. The SNP-based phylogenetic analyses combined with geographical information identified sporadic cases of nosocomial transmission on a small spatial scale. However, we identified large clusters corresponding to clonal dissemination of ST167, ST410, ST405 and ST361 strains in consecutive years in different regions in Germany. Conclusion Occurrence of NDM-5-producing E. coli rose in Germany, which was to a large extent due to the increased prevalence of isolates belonging to the international high-risk clones ST167, ST410, ST405 and ST361. Of particular concern is the supra-regional dissemination of these epidemic clones. Available information suggest community spread of NDM-5-producing E. coli in Germany, highlighting the importance of epidemiological investigation and an integrated surveillance system in the One Health framework.