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Data publikacji: 7 września 2024

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1

Regeru, Regeru Njoroge, Kingsley Chikaphupha, Meghan Bruce Kumar, Lilian Otiso i Miriam Taegtmeyer. "‘Do you trust those data?’—a mixed-methods study assessing the quality of data reported by community health workers in Kenya and Malawi". Health Policy and Planning 35, nr 3 (16.01.2020): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz163.

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Abstract High-quality data are essential to monitor and evaluate community health worker (CHW) programmes in low- and middle-income countries striving towards universal health coverage. This mixed-methods study was conducted in two purposively selected districts in Kenya (where volunteers collect data) and two in Malawi (where health surveillance assistants are a paid cadre). We calculated data verification ratios to quantify reporting consistency for selected health indicators over 3 months across 339 registers and 72 summary reports. These indicators are related to antenatal care, skilled delivery, immunization, growth monitoring and nutrition in Kenya; new cases, danger signs, drug stock-outs and under-five mortality in Malawi. We used qualitative methods to explore perceptions of data quality with 52 CHWs in Kenya, 83 CHWs in Malawi and 36 key informants. We analysed these data using a framework approach assisted by NVivo11. We found that only 15% of data were reported consistently between CHWs and their supervisors in both contexts. We found remarkable similarities in our qualitative data in Kenya and Malawi. Barriers to data quality mirrored those previously reported elsewhere including unavailability of data collection and reporting tools; inadequate training and supervision; lack of quality control mechanisms; and inadequate register completion. In addition, we found that CHWs experienced tensions at the interface between the formal health system and the communities they served, mediated by the social and cultural expectations of their role. These issues affected data quality in both contexts with reports of difficulties in negotiating gender norms leading to skipping sensitive questions when completing registers; fabrication of data; lack of trust in the data; and limited use of data for decision-making. While routine systems need strengthening, these more nuanced issues also need addressing. This is backed up by our finding of the high value placed on supportive supervision as an enabler of data quality.

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Panetta, Julian, Qingnan Zhou, Luigi Malomo, Nico Pietroni, Paolo Cignoni i Denis Zorin. "Elastic textures for additive fabrication". ACM Transactions on Graphics 34, nr 4 (27.07.2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2766937.

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Morand, Pascal, Joël Rosenberg i Dominique Turcq. "Fabrication additive : où en sommes-nous ?" Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles Février 2017, nr 1 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rindu1.171.0113.

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Yang, Lei, Xin Chen, Lei Zhang, Lei Li, Shuangzhu Kang, Chengjin Wang i Wei Sun. "Additive Manufacturing in Vascular Stent Fabrication". MATEC Web of Conferences 253 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925303003.

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High-efficiency formation of personalized stent by additive manufacturing (3D printing) has gained deal of attention and research in interventional and personalized medicine. In this article, the structural characteristics of vascular scaffolds and the application and innovation of additive manufacturing technology in the process of angioplasty are reviewed. In the future, with the continuous maturity of additive manufacturing technology, it is expected to be an important part of interventional precision medicine to manufacture personalized vascular stent.

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Čítek, David, Karel Hurtig, Vladislav Bureš i Peter Koteš. "Cementitious material development for additive fabrication". Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 47 (16.05.2024): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2024.47.0008.

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For the 3D STAR project and 3D printing purposes, a special fine-grained cement mixture from locally available raw materials was developed. The reason for the development of the custom mixture was the possibility of arbitrary optimization of the developed mixture at any stage of the project and for any type of application. Mix design, printing head and the entire system from mixing to extrusion was the subject of research and development for this project. It was therefore necessary to address both issues in parallel and to respond in both sectors to the realities arising from the partial results of the different groups involved in the development.

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Wang, Weiming, Dirk Munro, Charlie C. L. Wang, Fred van Keulen i Jun Wu. "Space-time topology optimization for additive manufacturing". Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 61, nr 1 (26.11.2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02420-6.

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AbstractThe design of optimal structures and the planning of (additive manufacturing) fabrication sequences have been considered typically as two separate tasks that are performed consecutively. In the light of recent advances in robot-assisted (wire-arc) additive manufacturing which enable addition of material along curved surfaces, we present a novel topology optimization formulation which concurrently optimizes the structure and the fabrication sequence. For this, two sets of design variables, i.e., a density field for defining the structural layout, and a time field which determines the fabrication process order, are simultaneously optimized. These two fields allow to generate a sequence of intermediate structures, upon which manufacturing constraints (e.g., fabrication continuity and speed) are imposed. The proposed space-time formulation is general, and is demonstrated on three fabrication settings, considering self-weight of the intermediate structures, process-dependent critical loads, and time-dependent material properties.

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TAKEZAWA, Akihiro. "Fabrication of Optimal Structure by Additive Manufacturing". Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 86, nr 6 (5.06.2020): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.86.405.

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LI, Dichen. "Additive Manufacturing: Integrated Fabrication of Macro/Microstructures". Journal of Mechanical Engineering 49, nr 06 (2013): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2013.06.129.

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Pitchumani, Mahesh, Heidi Hockel, Waleed Mohammed i Eric G. Johnson. "Additive lithography for fabrication of diffractive optics". Applied Optics 41, nr 29 (10.10.2002): 6176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.006176.

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Xiao, Xinyi, i Hanbin Xiao. "Autonomous Robotic Feature-Based Freeform Fabrication Approach". Materials 15, nr 1 (29.12.2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010247.

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Robotic additive manufacturing (AM) has gained much attention for its continuous material deposition capability with continuously changeable building orientations, reducing support structure volume and post-processing complexity. However, the current robotic additive process heavily relies on manual geometric reasoning that identifies additive features, related building orientations, tool approach direction, trajectory generation, and sequencing all features in a non-collision manner. In addition, multi-directional material accumulation cannot ensure the nozzle always stays above the building geometry. Thus, the collision between these two becomes a significant issue that needs to be solved. Hence, the common use of a robotic additive is hindered by the lack of fully autonomous tools based on the abovementioned issues. We present a systematic approach to the robotic AM process that can automate the abovementioned planning procedures in the aspect of collision-free. Typically, input models to robotic AM have diverse information contents and data formats, hindering the feature recognition, extraction, and relations to the robotic motion. Our proposed method integrates the collision-avoidance condition to the model decomposition step. Therefore, the decomposed volumes can be associated with additional constraints, such as accessibility, connectivity, and trajectory planning. This generates an entire workspace for the robotic additive building platform, rotatability, and additive features to determine the entire sequence and avoid potential collisions. This approach classifies the uniqueness of autonomous manufacturing on the robotic AM system to build large and complex metal components that are non-achievable through traditional one-directional AM in a computationally effective manner. This approach also paves the path in constructing an in situ monitoring and closed-loop control on robotic AM to control and enhance the build quality of the robotic metal AM process.

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Citarella, Roberto, i Venanzio Giannella. "Additive Manufacturing in Industry". Applied Sciences 11, nr 2 (18.01.2021): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020840.

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The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) processes applied to the fabrication of structural components has created the need for design methodologies and structural optimization approaches that take into account the specific characteristics of the fabrication process. While AM processes give unprecedented geometrical design freedom, which can result in significant reductions in the components’ weight (e.g., through part count reduction), on the other hand, they have implications for the fatigue and fracture strength, because of residual stresses and microstructural features. This is due to stress concentration effects, anisotropy, distortions and defects whose effects still need investigation. This Special Issue aims at gathering together research investigating the different features of AM processes with relevance for their structural behavior, particularly, but not exclusively, from the viewpoints of fatigue, fracture and crash behavior. Although the focus of this Special Issue is on AM, articles dealing with other manufacturing processes with related analogies can also be included, in order to establish differences and possible similarities.

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12

Zheng Yu, Li. "Study on UAV Based on Fused Filament Fabrication". International Journal of Engineering Continuity 1, nr 1 (9.12.2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58291/ijec.v1i1.36.

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Air Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have the characteristics of simple structure and convenient carrying, while quadrotor UAVs have better manoeuvrability, can achieve fixed-point hover, and have vertical takeoff and landing capabilities. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is also often referred to as 3D printing. In the past ten years, AM technology has received extensive attention. Among the seven categories of AM technologies released by the American Society for Testing and Materials, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of the most widely used and essential processing technologies in additive manufacturing. It mainly manufactures models by extruding molten wire (such as plastics, resins, composites, etc.). First, consider the additive manufacturing of the quadrotor aerial UAV entirely through fused filament fabrication, and control the UAV's flexibility by adjusting the filling material's parameter during the additive manufacturing process. However, the increased flexibility makes it difficult to control the UAV, and the structural, aerodynamic and aeroelastic effects must be further explored.

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Bui, Thi Hang, i Ha Thang Doan. "Fabrication and properties of Fe3O4/C composite materials". Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65 (25.11.2023): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(11).52-56.

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Climate change is currently one of the most serious problems facing the world. In this study, Fe3O4 powder was used as electrode active material, nanocarbon was used as an additive to fabricate Fe3O4/C composites applying for energy storage systems. The size and morphology of iron oxide and nanocarbon were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the additive, the content of the electrode components on the electrochemical properties of the Fe3O4/C composite electrode have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the content of the electrode components strongly affects the electrochemical characteristics of the electrode. The important role of the carbon additive in the Fe3O4/C composite electrode was confirmed: Nanocarbon increases the electrical conductivity of the electrode thereby enhancing the redox reaction rate of iron. The positive effect of the K2S additive in electrolyte was demonstrated by increased redox reaction rate of iron, improved cyclability of Fe3O4, reduced hydrogen evolution, and thus increased the discharge capacity of Fe3O4/C.

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Jiang, Guo Jian, Jia Yue Xu, Hui Shen, Yan Zhang, Lin He Xu, Han Rui Zhuang i Wen Lan Li. "Fabrication and Properties of Zinc Silicate Long Afterglow Phosphors". Materials Science Forum 663-665 (listopad 2010): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.304.

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Zinc silicate-based (Zn2SiO4:Eu3+) long afterglow phosphors were fabricated by combustion synthesis and annealing method. The effects of different Zn sources, annealing temperature, Eu3+ additive on the properties of the combustion products have been studied. The results show that, the product is white with ZnO as zinc source while that from Zn(NO3)26H2O is slightly yellow. At higher annealing temperature, the sample is purer. Small amount of Eu2O3 additive did not change the phase composition. The fluorescence spectroscopy shows that, the emission peak of the sample with Eu3+ additive located at 620nm.

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Hassanin, Hany, Khamis Essa, Amr Elshaer, Mohamed Imbaby, Heba H. El-Mongy i Tamer A. El-Sayed. "Micro-fabrication of ceramics: Additive manufacturing and conventional technologies". Journal of Advanced Ceramics 10, nr 1 (18.01.2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0422-5.

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AbstractCeramic materials are increasingly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as they offer many advantages such as high-temperature resistance, high wear resistance, low density, and favourable mechanical and chemical properties at elevated temperature. However, with the emerging of additive manufacturing, the use of ceramics for functional and structural MEMS raises new opportunities and challenges. This paper provides an extensive review of the manufacturing processes used for ceramic-based MEMS, including additive and conventional manufacturing technologies. The review covers the micro-fabrication techniques of ceramics with the focus on their operating principles, main features, and processed materials. Challenges that need to be addressed in applying additive technologies in MEMS include ceramic printing on wafers, post-processing at the micro-level, resolution, and quality control. The paper also sheds light on the new possibilities of ceramic additive micro-fabrication and their potential applications, which indicates a promising future.

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Karimzadeh, Mohammad, Deekshith Basvoju, Aleksandar Vakanski, Indrajit Charit, Fei Xu i Xinchang Zhang. "Machine Learning for Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Materials". Materials 17, nr 15 (25.07.2024): 3673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17153673.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a transformative manufacturing technology enabling direct fabrication of complex parts layer-by-layer from 3D modeling data. Among AM applications, the fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) has significant importance due to the potential to enhance component performance across several industries. FGMs are manufactured with a gradient composition transition between dissimilar materials, enabling the design of new materials with location-dependent mechanical and physical properties. This study presents a comprehensive review of published literature pertaining to the implementation of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in AM, with an emphasis on ML-based methods for optimizing FGMs fabrication processes. Through an extensive survey of the literature, this review article explores the role of ML in addressing the inherent challenges in FGMs fabrication and encompasses parameter optimization, defect detection, and real-time monitoring. The article also provides a discussion of future research directions and challenges in employing ML-based methods in the AM fabrication of FGMs.

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17

Müller, Florence J., i Owen S. Fenton. "Additive Manufacturing Approaches toward the Fabrication of Biomaterials". Advanced Materials Interfaces 9, nr 7 (luty 2022): 2100670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.202100670.

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Gutierrez, Cassie, Rudy Salas, Gustavo Hernandez, Dan Muse, Richard Olivas, Eric MacDonald, Michael D. Irwin i in. "CubeSat Fabrication through Additive Manufacturing and Micro-Dispensing". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 001021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tha4-paper3.

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Fabricating entire systems with both electrical and mechanical content through on-demand 3D printing is the future for high value manufacturing. In this new paradigm, conformal and complex shapes with a diversity of materials in spatial gradients can be built layer-by-layer using hybrid Additive Manufacturing (AM). A design can be conceived in Computer Aided Design (CAD) and printed on-demand. This new integrated approach enables the fabrication of sophisticated electronics in mechanical structures by avoiding the restrictions of traditional fabrication techniques, which result in stiff, two dimensional printed circuit boards (PCB) fabricated using many disparate and wasteful processes. The integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) combined with Direct Print (DP) micro-dispensing and robotic pick-and-place for component placement can 1) provide the capability to print-on-demand fabrication, 2) enable the use of micron-resolution cavities for press fitting electronic components and 3) integrate conductive traces for electrical interconnect between components. The fabrication freedom introduced by AM techniques such as stereolithography (SL), ultrasonic consolidation (UC), and fused deposition modeling (FDM) have only recently been explored in the context of electronics integration and 3D packaging. This paper describes a process that provides a novel approach for the fabrication of stiff conformal structures with integrated electronics and describes a prototype demonstration: a volumetrically-efficient sensor and microcontroller subsystem scheduled to launch in a CubeSat designed with the CubeFlow methodology.

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INOUE, Masahiro, Yasunori TADA, Yosuke ITABASHI i Tomohiro TOKUMARU. "Fabrication of E-textiles Using Additive Printing Process". Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 64, nr 11 (2013): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.64.577.

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Lomberg, M., P. Boldrin, F. Tariq, G. Offer, B. Wu i N. P. Brandon. "Additive Manufacturing for Solid Oxide Cell Electrode Fabrication". ECS Transactions 68, nr 1 (17.07.2015): 2119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06801.2119ecst.

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Wadia, Reena. "Fabrication of dental implants by the additive method". British Dental Journal 226, nr 8 (kwiecień 2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-0267-x.

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Nhu, Cuong Nguyen, Luan Le Van, An Nguyen Ngoc, Van Thanh Dau, Tung Thanh Bui i Trinh Chu Duc. "A valveless micropump based on additive fabrication technology". International Journal of Nanotechnology 15, nr 11/12 (2018): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2018.099938.

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Sandy, Timothy, i Jonas Buchli. "Object-Based Visual-Inertial Tracking for Additive Fabrication". IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 3, nr 3 (lipiec 2018): 1370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2018.2798700.

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Cook, Douglas, Vito Gervasi, Robert Rizza, Sheku Kamara i Xue‐Cheng Liu. "Additive fabrication of custom pedorthoses for clubfoot correction". Rapid Prototyping Journal 16, nr 3 (27.04.2010): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552541011034852.

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Bordoni, Manlio, i Alberto Boschetto. "Thickening of surfaces for direct additive manufacturing fabrication". Rapid Prototyping Journal 18, nr 4 (8.06.2012): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552541211231734.

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INAMI, Shota, i Toshitake TATENO. "Fabrication of Compliant Joint Mechanism by Additive Manufacturing". Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2018 (2018): S1430002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.s1430002.

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Elahinia, Mohammad, Narges Shayesteh Moghaddam, Mohsen Taheri Andani, Amirhesam Amerinatanzi, Beth A. Bimber i Reginald F. Hamilton. "Fabrication of NiTi through additive manufacturing: A review". Progress in Materials Science 83 (październik 2016): 630–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.08.001.

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Watson, Robert A. "A Low-Cost Surgical Application of Additive Fabrication". Journal of Surgical Education 71, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.10.012.

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Jiang, Jingchao. "A novel fabrication strategy for additive manufacturing processes". Journal of Cleaner Production 272 (listopad 2020): 122916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122916.

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Krokoszinski, H. ‐J, H. Oetzmann, H. Gernoth i C. Schmidt. "Additive thin film technology for hybrid circuit fabrication". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 3, nr 6 (listopad 1985): 2704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.572821.

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Andre, J., G. De Demo, K. Molina, S. Le Tacon, C. Chicanne i M. Theobald. "Application of Additive Manufacturing for Laser Target Fabrication". Fusion Science and Technology 73, nr 2 (23.01.2018): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1406246.

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Liu, Fwu Hsing, Wen Hsueng Lin, Yung Kang Shen i Jeou Long Lee. "Fabrication Inner Channel Ceramics Using Layer Additive Method". Key Engineering Materials 443 (czerwiec 2010): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.528.

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This paper presents a layer additive method, ceramic laser curing, to form a ceramic part with inner channel features, by which silica powder is bonded by curing effect under disposal of a 20W CO2 laser. This process includes four steps: making slurry by mixing a binder with ceramic powder, paving the slurry on the surface of a platform, scanning the paved slurry layer via laser beam, removing the un-cured slurries from the solidified ceramic component. This process needed only low laser power to build ceramic parts by using “curing effect”. The deflection and shrinkage of ceramics could be decreased, also the distortion due to post sintering process was avoidable. The inner channel structures were support by ceramic slurries to avoid the sagged deflection and to maintain the dimensional accuracy. The maximum flexural strength of the cured specimen was 4.7 MPa. This process has potential to fabricate inner complex ceramic components for industrial applications.

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Ferrara-Bello, C. Andres, Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres i S. Fernanda Rodriguez-Fuentes. "Additive Manufactured Piezoelectric-Driven Miniature Gripper". Micromachines 14, nr 4 (25.03.2023): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040727.

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In several cases, it is desirable to have prototypes of low-cost fabrication and adequate performance. In academic laboratories and industries, miniature and microgrippers can be very useful for observations and the analysis of small objects. Piezoelectrically actuated microgrippers, commonly fabricated with aluminum, and with micrometer stroke or displacement, have been considered as Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). Recently, additive manufacture using several polymers has also been used for the fabrication of miniature grippers. This work focuses on the design of a piezoelectric-driven miniature gripper, additive manufactured with polylactic acid (PLA), which was modeled using a pseudo rigid body model (PRBM). It was also numerically and experimentally characterized with an acceptable level of approximation. The piezoelectric stack is composed of widely available buzzers. The aperture between the jaws allows it to hold objects with diameters lower than 500 μm, and weights lower than 1.4 g, such as the strands of some plants, salt grains, metal wires, etc. The novelty of this work is given by the miniature gripper’s simple design, as well as the low-cost of the materials and the fabrication process used. In addition, the initial aperture of the jaws can be adjusted, by adhering the metal tips in the required position.

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Boschetto, Alberto, Luana Bottini, Luciano Macera i Somayeh Vatanparast. "Additive Manufacturing for Lightweighting Satellite Platform". Applied Sciences 13, nr 5 (22.02.2023): 2809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052809.

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Lightweight structures with an internal lattice infill and a closed shell have received a lot of attention in the last 20 years for satellites, due to their improved stiffness, buckling strength, multifunctional design, and energy absorption. The geometrical freedom typical of Additive Manufacturing allows lighter, stiffer, and more effective structures to be designed for aerospace applications. The Laser Powder Bed Fusion technology, in particular, enables the fabrication of metal parts with complex geometries, altering the way the mechanical components are designed and manufactured. This study proposed a method to re-design the original satellite structures consisting of walls and ribs with an enclosed lattice design. The proposed new structures must comply with restricted requirements in terms of mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and weight. The most challenging is the first frequency request which the original satellite design, based on traditional fabrication, does not satisfy. To overcome this problem a particular framework was developed for locally thickening the critical zones of the lattice. The use of the new design permitted complying with the dynamic behavior and to obtain a weight saving maintaining the mechanical properties. The Additive Manufacturing fabrication of this primary structure demonstrated the feasibility of this new technology to satisfy challenging requests in the aerospace field.

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S, Irfan, Dr R. Sathish Kumar i Prof Reshma R. "Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Application". International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 10, nr 02 (24.02.2024): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2024.v1002.17.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, has revolutionized the field of biomedical applications by offering innovative solutions for personalized and complex structures. This technology enables the fabrication of patient-specific implants, prosthetics, and tissues with enhanced precision and customization. The versatility of additive manufacturing allows the incorporation of biocompatible materials, fostering the development of implants tailored to individual anatomical requirements. Additionally, the rapid prototyping capabilities of 3D printing facilitate the creation of intricate models for surgical planning and education. The use of bioinks and biomaterials in additive manufacturing has paved the way for the fabrication of functional tissues and organs, advancing the prospects of regenerative medicine. Furthermore, the scalability and cost-effectiveness of 3D printing in the biomedical field hold significant promise for widespread adoption and accessibility. In conclusion, additive manufacturing stands as a transformative force in biomedical applications, offering unparalleled opportunities for personalized healthcare and advancing the frontiers of medical technology.

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Shick, Tang Mei, Aini Zuhra Abdul Kadir, Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman i Azanizawati Ma’aram. "A review of biomaterials scaffold fabrication in additive manufacturing for tissue engineering". Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 34, nr 6 (25.09.2019): 415–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911519877426.

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The current developments in three-dimensional printing also referred as “additive manufacturing” have transformed the scenarios for modern manufacturing and engineering design processes which show greatest advantages for the fabrication of complex structures such as scaffold for tissue engineering. This review aims to introduce additive manufacturing techniques in tissue engineering, types of biomaterials used in scaffold fabrication, as well as in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Biomaterials and fabrication methods could critically affect the outcomes of scaffold mechanical properties, design architectures, and cell proliferations. In addition, an ideal scaffold aids the efficiency of cell proliferation and allows the movements of cell nutrient inside the human body with their specific material properties. This article provides comprehensive review that covers broad range of all the biomaterial types using various additive manufacturing technologies. The data were extracted from 2008 to 2018 mostly from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus using keywords such as “Additive Manufacturing,” “3D Printing,” “Tissue Engineering,” “Biomaterial” and “Scaffold.” A 10 years research in this area was found to be mostly focused toward obtaining an ideal scaffold by investigating the fabrication strategies, biomaterials compatibility, scaffold design effectiveness through computer-aided design modeling, and optimum printing machine parameters identification. As a conclusion, this ideal scaffold fabrication can be obtained with the combination of different materials that could enhance the material properties which performed well in optimum additive manufacturing condition. Yet, there are still many challenges from the printing methods, bioprinting and cell culturing that needs to be discovered and investigated in the future.

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Costa, José, Elsa Sequeiros, Maria Teresa Vieira i Manuel Vieira. "Additive Manufacturing". U.Porto Journal of Engineering 7, nr 3 (30.04.2021): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_007.003_0005.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most trending technologies nowadays, and it has the potential to become one of the most disruptive technologies for manufacturing. Academia and industry pay attention to AM because it enables a wide range of new possibilities for design freedom, complex parts production, components, mass personalization, and process improvement. The material extrusion (ME) AM technology for metallic materials is becoming relevant and equivalent to other AM techniques, like laser powder bed fusion. Although ME cannot overpass some limitations, compared with other AM technologies, it enables smaller overall costs and initial investment, more straightforward equipment parametrization, and production flexibility.This study aims to evaluate components produced by ME, or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), with different materials: Inconel 625, H13 SAE, and 17-4PH. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of manufactured parts were evaluated, confirming the process effectiveness and revealing that this is an alternative for metal-based AM.

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Jiang, Guo Jian, Jia Yue Xu, Hui Shen, Yan Zhang, Lin He Xu, Han Rui Zhuang i Wen Lan Li. "Fabrication and Properties of Zinc Silicate Phosphors through Solid State Reaction". Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (listopad 2010): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.594.

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Zinc silicate-based (Zn2SiO4:Eu3+) long afterglow phosphors were produced by solid state reaction method. The effects of borax and Eu2O3 additive on the properties of fabricated products have been studied. The results show that, there is not much difference in phase compositions within the borax additive amount; however, their SEM morphologies are different. Borax additive can increase the grain size of the product. Some sintering phenomena could be observed in the sample with Eu2O3 addition. The fluorescence spectroscopy results indicate that, the emission peak of the sample with Eu3+ additive located at 612nm, which may be a good candidate for red phosphor applications. The luminescent mechanism of Zn2SiO4:Eu3+ is also discussed.

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Rebeyrolle, Véronique. "La fabrication additive : nouvelle donne pour l’assemblage de combustible ?" Revue Générale Nucléaire, nr 5 (2022): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rgn/20225052.

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Dans la centrale nucléaire de Forsmark, en Suède, Framatome vient d’achever l’introduction du premier composant d’assemblage de combustible en acier inoxydable imprimé par fabrication additive. Une technologie qui permet d’optimiser la fabrication mais aussi d’accéder à des géométries plus complexes.

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Granek, Filip, Iwona Grądzka-Kurzaj, Jolanta Gadzalińska, Łukasz Witczak, Karolina Fiączyk i Piotr Kowalczewski. "84‐2: Invited Paper: High‐Resolution Additive Manufacturing in the Fabrication of Micro‐LED Displays". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, nr 1 (czerwiec 2024): 1167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17748.

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This paper demonstrates the use of Ultra‐Precise Dispensing, a high‐resolution additive manufacturing method, in the fabrication of Micro‐LED displays. We demonstrate advancements in achieving ultra‐small feature sizes, high aspect ratios, and the ability to print on complex substrates. The paper presents a number of use cases, such as interconnections on complex topographies, edge printing, microvias filling, and microbumps dispensing. It summarizes the relevance of this technology for Micro‐LED displays fabrication and discusses the prospective future developments in the field of additive manufacturing for display fabrication.

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Thangamani, Geethapriyan, Stefano Felicioni, Elisa Padovano, Sara Biamino, Mariangela Lombardi, Daniele Ugues, Paolo Fino i Federica Bondioli. "A Comprehensive Review of Laser Powder Bed Fusion in Jewelry: Technologies, Materials, and Post-Processing with Future Perspective". Metals 14, nr 8 (6.08.2024): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14080897.

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In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has played a significant role in various fashion industries, especially the textile and jewelry manufacturing sectors. This review article delves deeply into the wide range of methods and materials used to make intricately designed jewelry fabrication using the additive manufacturing (AM) process. The Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process is examined for its suitability in achieving complex design and structural integrity in jewelry fabrication even with respect to powder metallurgy methods. Moreover, the review explores the use of precious materials, such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, and their alloys in additive manufacturing. Processing precious materials is challenging due to their high reflectivity and thermal conductivity, which results in poor densification and mechanical properties. To address this issue, the review article proposes three different strategies: (i) adding alloying elements, (ii) coating powder particles, and (iii) using low-wavelength lasers (green or blue). Finally, this review examines crucial post-processing techniques to improve surface quality, robustness, and attractiveness. To conclude, this review emphasizes the potential of combining additive manufacturing (AM) with traditional craftsmanship for creating jewelry, exploring the potential future directions and developments in the field of additive manufacturing (AM) for jewelry fabrication.

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Horn, Timothy J., i Ola L. A. Harrysson. "Overview of Current Additive Manufacturing Technologies and Selected Applications". Science Progress 95, nr 3 (wrzesień 2012): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685012x13420984463047.

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Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. We are now beginning to see additive manufacturing used for the fabrication of a range of functional end use components. In this review, we briefly discuss the evolution of additive manufacturing from its roots in accelerating product development to its proliferation into a variety of fields. Here, we focus on some of the key technologies that are advancing additive manufacturing and present some state of the art applications.

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Yim, S., C. Sung, S. Miyashita, D. Rus i S. Kim. "Animatronic soft robots by additive folding". International Journal of Robotics Research 37, nr 6 (maj 2018): 611–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364918772023.

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This paper presents a new class of animatronic soft robots created by a desktop fabrication mechanism called additive folding. In this method, two-dimensional (2D) slices are threaded by multiple strings, accordion-folded by flexure hinges and finally stacked into a predefined three-dimensional (3D) structure. As the 3D assembly of the slices is controlled by embedded strings, it becomes an animatronic soft robot that moves like a biological creature and that shows life-like movements. We create a computational design algorithm that takes as input a desired 3D geometry of the robot, and that produces a 2D surface with built-in folds and string-based actuators. This paper describes the entire robot design process and demonstrates various animatronic motions, highlighting the vision of desktop fabrication technology and its potential applications in animatronics and robotic art.

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Olivas, Richard, Rudy Salas, Dan Muse, Eric MacDonald, Ryan Wicker, Mike Newton i Ken Church. "Structural Electronics through Additive Manufacturing and Micro-Dispensing". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, nr 1 (1.01.2010): 000940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-tha5-paper6.

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Implementing electronics systems that are conformal with curved and complex surfaces is difficult if not impossible with traditional fabrication techniques, which require stiff, two dimensional printed circuit boards (PCB). Flexible copper based fabrication is currently available commercially providing conformance, but not simultaneously stiffness. Consequently, these systems are susceptible to reliability problems if bent or stretched repeatedly. The integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) combined with Direct Print (DP) micro-dispensing can provide shapes of arbitrary and complex form which incorporate 1) miniature cavities for insetting electronic components and 2) conductive traces for electrical interconnect between components. The fabrication freedom introduced by AM techniques such as stereolithography (SL), ultrasonic consolidation (UC), and fused deposition modeling (FDM) have only recently been explored in the context of electronics integration. Advanced dispensing processes have been integrated into these systems allowing for the introduction of conductive inks to serve as electrical interconnect within intricately-detailed dielectric structures. This paper describes a process that provides a novel approach for the fabrication of stiff conformal structures with integrated electronics and describes several prototype demonstrations: a body conformal helmet insert for detection of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a 3D magnetic flux sensor with LED indicators for magnitude and direction and a floating sensor capable of detecting impurities in water while maintaining orientation through density gradients.

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Bird, David T., i Nuggehalli M. Ravindra. "Additive Manufacturing of Sensors for Military Monitoring Applications". Polymers 13, nr 9 (30.04.2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091455.

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The US Department of Defense (DoD) realizes the many uses of additive manufacturing (AM) as it has become a common fabrication technique for an extensive range of engineering components in several industrial sectors. 3D Printed (3DP) sensor technology offers high-performance features as a way to track individual warfighters on the battlefield, offering protection from threats such as weaponized toxins, bacteria or virus, with real-time monitoring of physiological events, advanced diagnostics, and connected feedback. Maximum protection of the warfighter gives a distinct advantage over adversaries by providing an enhanced awareness of situational threats on the battle field. There is a need to further explore aspects of AM such as higher printing resolution and efficiency, with faster print times and higher performance, sensitivity and optimized fabrication to ensure that soldiers are more safe and lethal to win our nation’s wars and come home safely. A review and comparison of various 3DP techniques for sensor fabrication is presented.

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Studart, André R. "Additive manufacturing of biologically-inspired materials". Chemical Society Reviews 45, nr 2 (2016): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00836k.

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Analogous to the layer-by-layer and site-specific deposition of building blocks carried by living organisms during biomineralization (left), additive manufacturing technologies offer a compelling route for the fabrication of bioinspired heterogeneous architectures for next generation composite materials (right).

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Foroughi, Shervin, Mohsen Habibi i Muthukumaran Packirisamy. "Additive Manufacturing of Microcantilevers of Varying Stiffnesses for Sensing Applications". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, nr 2 (1.02.2022): 027507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac50e1.

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Fabrication of the microcantilevers using the traditional methods is time-consuming and costly. With the advancement of additive manufacturing methods, the fabrication of functional microcantilevers is possible. This work presents the fabrication of elastomeric microcantilevers using the SLA 3D printing technology. Different microcantilevers are fabricated. The mechanical characteristics of the fabricated cantilevers are identified by performing micromechanical tests. Results show that the cantilevers’ measured stiffnesses are comparable with those reported in the literature. The method explained in this work reveals the possibility of employing SLA 3D printing and soft elastomeric printing materials to fabricate microcantilevers.

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Chen, Shuying, Yang Tong i Peter Liaw. "Additive Manufacturing of High-Entropy Alloys: A Review". Entropy 20, nr 12 (6.12.2018): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120937.

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Owing to the reduced defects, low cost, and high efficiency, the additive manufacturing (AM) technique has attracted increasingly attention and has been applied in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in recent years. It was found that AM-processed HEAs possess an optimized microstructure and improved mechanical properties. However, no report has been proposed to review the application of the AM method in preparing bulk HEAs. Hence, it is necessary to introduce AM-processed HEAs in terms of applications, microstructures, mechanical properties, and challenges to provide readers with fundamental understanding. Specifically, we reviewed (1) the application of AM methods in the fabrication of HEAs and (2) the post-heat treatment effect on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. Compared with the casting counterparts, AM-HEAs were found to have a superior yield strength and ductility as a consequence of the fine microstructure formed during the rapid solidification in the fabrication process. The post-treatment, such as high isostatic pressing (HIP), can further enhance their properties by removing the existing fabrication defects and residual stress in the AM-HEAs. Furthermore, the mechanical properties can be tuned by either reducing the pre-heating temperature to hinder the phase partitioning or modifying the composition of the HEA to stabilize the solid-solution phase or ductile intermetallic phase in AM materials. Moreover, the processing parameters, fabrication orientation, and scanning method can be optimized to further improve the mechanical performance of the as-built-HEAs.

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Tebianian, Mohaddeseh, Sara Aghaie, Nazanin Razavi Jafari, Seyed Elmi Hosseini, António Pereira, Fábio Fernandes, Mojtaba Farbakhti, Chao Chen i Yuanming Huo. "A Review of the Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes". Materials 16, nr 24 (5.12.2023): 7514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16247514.

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a layer-by-layer process that makes the direct manufacturing of various industrial parts possible. This method facilitates the design and fabrication of complex industrial, advanced, and fine parts that are used in different industry sectors, such as aerospace, medicine, turbines, and jewelry, where the utilization of other fabrication techniques is difficult or impossible. This method is advantageous in terms of dimensional accuracy and fabrication speed. However, the parts fabricated by this method may suffer from faults such as anisotropy, micro-porosity, and defective joints. Metals like titanium, aluminum, stainless steels, superalloys, etc., have been used—in the form of powder or wire—as feed materials in the additive manufacturing of various parts. The main criterion that distinguishes different additive manufacturing processes from each other is the deposition method. With regard to this criterion, AM processes can be divided into four classes: local melting, sintering, sheet forming, and electrochemical methods. Parameters affecting the properties of the additive-manufactured part and the defects associated with an AM process determine the method by which a certain part should be manufactured. This study is a survey of different additive manufacturing processes, their mechanisms, capabilities, shortcomings, and the general properties of the parts manufactured by them.

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Ghazali, Mohd Ifwat Mohd, i Premjeet Chahal. "Ultra-Wideband High Gain Vivaldi Antennas Using Additive Manufacturing". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, nr 1 (1.10.2018): 000754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000754.

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Abstract In this paper, a low-cost fabrication technique using additive manufacturing (3D printing) is demonstrated for the fabrication of ultra-wide band (UWB) Vivaldi antennas. In communications, UWB antennas are required that have high gain and wide bandwidth (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) enabling high-data rates and efficient use of frequency spectrum. 3D printing has evolved into an important technology that allows rapid and simple fabrication method for printing antennas, and other components. Two different Vivaldi antennas designs (i) Vivaldi with a slot line, and (ii) Corrugated Vivaldi are presented. The fabricated antennas have a wide bandwidth of 14 GHz and a high gain of 10 dBi. For example, the corrugated antenna exploits the capability of 3D printing to incorporate slots in the design that aids in low frequency matching with increased gain.

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