Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Sun drying

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Sun drying”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 1 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Sun drying"

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Hurley, John. "Scrubs Drying in the Sun". Creative Nursing 16, nr 3 (sierpień 2010): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.16.3.136.

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Meyer, M. "Gloves Drying in the Sun". Academic Emergency Medicine 9, nr 1 (1.01.2002): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/aemj.9.1.53.

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Dincer, lbrahim. "Sun Drying of Sultana Grapes". Drying Technology 14, nr 7-8 (styczeń 1996): 1827–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939608917176.

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Alfeo, Vincenzo, Diego Planeta, Salvatore Velotto, Rosa Palmeri i Aldo Todaro. "Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven". Horticulturae 7, nr 3 (27.02.2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030040.

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Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.
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Matouk, A. M., M. M. El - Kholy i Solaf Abd El - Raheam. "ACCELERATED DRYING OF SUN FLOWER SEEDS". Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 3, nr 9 (1.09.2012): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.54379.

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Mulet, A., A. Berna, C. Rossello i J. Canellas. "ANALYSIS OF OPEN SUN DRYING EXPERIMENTS". Drying Technology 11, nr 6 (styczeń 1993): 1385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939308916905.

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Njie 1, D. N., i T. R. Rumsey. "Experimental Study of Cassava Sun Drying". Drying Technology 15, nr 3-4 (styczeń 1997): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939708917268.

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Njie, D. N., i T. R. Rumsey. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CASSAVA SUN DRYING". Drying Technology 16, nr 1-2 (styczeń 1998): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939808917397.

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SODHA, M. S., P. K. BANSAL, A. DANG i S. B. SHARMA. "OPEN SUN DRYING : AN ANALYTICAL STUDY". Drying Technology 3, nr 4 (listopad 1985): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373938508916295.

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Manolopoulou, E., E. Tsiavtari i V. Demopoulos. "Sun drying and hot air drying of figs: performance evaluation". Acta Horticulturae, nr 1173 (październik 2017): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1173.59.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Sun drying"

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Silayo, Valerian Cosmas Kanyengele. "Sun drying of grains". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262986.

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Bhila, TE, MM Ratsaka, A. Kanengoni i FK Siebrits. "Effect of sun drying on microbes in non-conventional". South African Journal of Animal Science, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001208.

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Abstract There is concern whether cabbage and beetroot wastes from the Fresh Produce Market are safe for feeding animals given the fact that some will have been discarded at the onset of putrefaction. This study evaluated the effects of sun-drying on microbiological load (E. coli, coliform, yeast and moulds and total bacterial count) in waste vegetables from the fresh produce market, since smallholder farmers tend to use the by-products without processing given the opportunity. Cabbage and beetroot wastes were sun dried to 14% moisture and micro-organisms were enumerated on both wet and dried samples. The results showed that sun drying reduced the level of micro-organisms significantly in both cabbage and beetroot. Although microbial load varied from batch to batch in the wet samples, coliforms were significantly more abundant in wet beetroot than in the dried samples. However, dried beetroot contained significantly more yeast and moulds. Wet cabbage contained more coliform and yeast and moulds compared to sun-dried cabbage. The sun drying process is thus an efficient processing method for resource poor farmers to reduce the microbial load in these animal feed sources and improve their shelf life.
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Perumal, Rajkumar. "Comparative performance of solar cabinet, vacuum assisted solar and open sun drying methods". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18283.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.var) is one of the most important vegetables in our diet and dried tomato products are becoming popular for the preparation of various food items. Though sun drying has been used for the preservation, it is a slow process and the quality of the dried product is often inferior due to contaminations. Therefore, a lab model solar cabinet and vacuum assisted solar dryers were developed to study the drying kinetics of tomato slices (4, 6 and 8 mm thicknesses) and the results were compared individually with open sun drying under the weather conditions of Montreal, Canada. The drying kinetics using thin layer drying models and the influence of weather parameters such as ambient air temperature, relative humidity, solar insolation and wind velocity on drying of tomato slices were evaluated. During drying, it was observed that the temperatures inside the solar cabinet and vacuum chamber were increased to 63 and 48oC when the maximum ambient temperature was only 30oC. The tomato slices of 4, 6 and 8 mm thicknesses could be dried from 94.0 to 11.5% wet basis moisture content, respectively in 300, 420 and 570 min using solar cabinet, in 360, 480 and 600 min using vacuum assisted solar dryer and it took 435, 615 and 735 min under open sun drying method. The quality of tomato slices in terms of physicochemical parameters such as colour retention, water activity, rehydration capacity and ascorbic acid retention were evaluated and the overall study concluded that good quality dehydrated tomato slices could be produced by using vacuum assisted solar dryer compared to solar cabinet and open sun drying methods. The Page model was found to be better in describing the drying kinetics of tomato slices in all the drying methods studied.
La tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum L. var) est une importante source nutritive de notre alimentation et les tomates séchées gagnent en popularité dans de nombreuses préparations alimentaires. Le séchage naturel est la méthode traditionnelle utilisée pour la production de tomates séchées, cependant c’est un processus lent et la qualité du produit séché est variable et sujette à la contamination. Un séchoir solaire et un séchoir solaire sous-vide furent donc développés afin d’étudier le séchage solaire de tranches de tomates (4, 6 et 8 mm d’épaisseur) en comparaison au séchage naturel sous les conditions météorologiques de Montréal, Canada. La cinétique du séchage des tranches de tomates suivant des modèles en couches minces a été établie en fonction de l’influence des conditions météorologiques telles que la température ambiante, l’humidité relative, le rayonnement solaire et la vitesse du vent. Lors du séchage dans le séchoir solaire et le séchoir solaire sous-vide, la température interne des deux séchoirs a atteint 63° et 48°C respectivement alors que la température ambiante était de 30°C. Les tranches de tomates de 4, 6 et 8 mm d’épaisseur ont pu être séchées d’un taux d’humidité de 94% à 11.5% (état humide) et ce après 300, 420 et 570 minutes en utilisant le séchoir solaire, en 360, 480 et 600 minutes grâce au séchoir solaire sous-vide, alors qu’il en a pris 435, 615 et 735 minutes par séchage naturel. La qualité des tranches de tomates a été évaluée en fonction de certains paramètres physico-chimiques tels que la stabilité de la couleur, l’activité de l’eau, la capacité de réhydratation, et la conservation de l’acide ascorbique. Des tranches de tomates séchées de meilleure qualité peuvent être produites par séchage solaire sous-vide en comparaison avec le séchage solaire et le séchage naturel. La modélisation de Page offre une très bonne représentation$
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Tunaboyu, Ferihan. "Usage Of Solar-spouted Bed Drier In The Drying Of Parboiled Wheat, Corn And Pea". Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612927/index.pdf.

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The main objective of this study was the application of solar energy for drying of parboiled wheat, corn and pea. Drying experiments were performed under open sun and also in the solar-spouted bed drier in which air heated by solar energy was used. The effects of these drying methods on drying rate and quality parameters were investigated for drying of parboiled wheat, corn and pea. The quality parameters evaluated were color, shrinkage, bulk density, apparent density, bulk and internal porosity, microstructure, pore size distribution, sphericity and rehydration ratio. For peas, ascorbic acid content was also measured. In solar-spouted bed drying, drying rates and effective diffusivity values for all samples were determined to be higher and therefore drying time was significantly lower as compared to open sun drying. Effective diffusivities were in the range of 0.30x10-10 m2/s - 0.65x10-10 m2/s for open sun and 1.35x10-10 m2/s - 3.65x10-10 m2/s for solar-spouted bed drying of different samples. In general, better quality parameters for solar-spouted bed dried samples were observed such as less shrinkage, higher rehydration capacities, more homogenous pore size distribution and higher ascorbic acid retention.
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Abubakari, Alhassan. "Radio frequency heating pre-treatment of sub-alpine fir to improve kiln drying". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27811.

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The objective of the study was to reveal the effect of RF heating at different power densities and time combinations as pre-conventional kiln treatment on the drying characteristics and quality of sub-alpine fir lumber. As a consequence of this objective, the study hypothesis was formulated as: “if RF heating improves the permeability of sub-alpine fir, then upon kiln drying, final moisture content variability between and within lumbers as well as drying defects will decrease”. In this research, thirteen groups of one meter long, 51 x 102 mm sub-alpine fir lumbers were RF heated with two power densities (27 and 72 kW/m³) and eight time combinations (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes), but all to the same final temperature level (100°C) before kiln drying in a two-phase experimental design. Two groups (one for each phase) served as controls. Permeability tests were also performed in the second phase of the study. The effect of RF heating on permeability, drying rates, moisture content gradient, final moisture content variability between pieces and drying defects was evaluated and analyzed. Treatment effect on total energy consumption (sum of RF heating and kiln drying energies) was also assessed to ascertain the feasibility of applying this technology in industrial setting. Data analysis revealed in phase 1 that, not all treatments reduced moisture content variability within and between specimens and improved drying rates above and below fiber saturation point, compared to the control. Defect appearance also did not significantly reduce, and all except two treatments increased total energy consumption. In phase 2 however, permeability improved in all except one treatment but was found not to be statistically significant. Treatments also improved moisture gradient as well as drying rates above and below fiber saturation point but the moisture gradient was found not to be statistically significant. Compared to the control, not all treatments reduced moisture content variability between wood samples. Defects did not significantly improve between treatments and control, and total energy consumption was relatively higher in treatments. Results obtained within the limitations of this study led to the rejection of the hypothesis.
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Janine, Lopes da Costa Luana. "Avaliação farmacológica das atividades antiinflamatória e antiulcerogênica do extrato seco obtido por aspersão de Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess e sua toxicidade reprodutiva em ratas Wistar". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3054.

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Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess é uma das espécies pertencentes à família Crassulaceae. Pode ser encontrada com freqüência em regiões tropicais. No Brasil encontra-se predominantemente na zona litorânea. Sua sinonímia popular é vasta, sendo conhecida como saião, coirama branca, folha da costa e folha grossa. O uso medicinal de Kalanchoe brasiliensis é relevante em várias partes do mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial farmacológico do extrato seco de K. brasiliensis, obtido através da tecnologia spraydrying, frente às atividades anti-inflamatória e antiulcerogênica e avaliar sua toxicidade durante a gestação em ratas Wistar. Para tanto, os efeitos do extrato seco foram investigados em modelos de inflamação aguda (edema de pata induzido por carragenina) e de úlcera induzida por etanol a 70% e indometacina, utilizando as doses de 100, 200 e 400 mg/Kg. A toxicidade reprodutiva foi realizada durante as fases de pré-implantação (1º ao 6º dia de gestação) e organogênese (7º ao 14º dia de gestação), administrando-se as mesmas doses farmacológicas. No 20º dia as ratas foram sacrificadas para avaliação dos parâmetros reprodutivos. Os resultados confirmaram a ausência de atividade anti-inflamatória durante a época de floração da K. brasiliensis. Ocorreu uma redução significativa da área da lesão gástrica induzida por etanol em cerca de 40; 47 e 71%, respectivamente, em relação ao grupo controle; e proteção de 25, 29 e 32% nas lesões induzidas por indometacina. A análise estatística empregada (ANOVA) revelou não haver alterações no peso, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e na ingestão hídrica das ratas durante o tratamento, em relação ao grupo controle, que receberam apenas água. Da mesma forma, não houve diferenças significativas no número de filhotes vivos e mortos, relação feto/mãe, peso dos filhotes, ovários e placenta, número de sítios de implantações, reabsorções, corpos lúteos e taxas de perda de pré e pósimplantação. Assim, pode-se concluir que o extrato seco de K. brasiliensis possui atividade antiulcerogênica e não apresenta efeito antiinflamatório na floração, assim como, não promove efeitos tóxicos durante a gestação em ratas Wistar
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Silva, Edson José Lima da. "OBTENÇÃO DE COMPOSIÇÕES CERÂMICAS Mn-Ni-Co VIA SÍNTESE POR LIOFILIZAÇÃO E SUA CARACTERIZAÇÃO ELÉTRICA COMO SENSOR DE TEMPERATURA". UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2011. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1413.

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This work describes the preparation of nanoparticles of spinel structure, made from oxides of Manganese, Nickel and Cobalt, via lyophilization process, which was compared to the process of obtaining conventional mixture of oxides, in order to analyze different forms of preparation and its influence on electrical properties (characteristic resistance, temperature coefficient, stability of the thermistor), through the measures obtained by applying a voltage of 5 volts on pads and subjecting them to a temperature range of 20 C to 300 C, measured with a thermocouple type K The microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the average particle size ranged from 60 to 93 nm. X-ray spectroscopy to determine the phases present in the samples and analysis of infrared to identify in the process, organic waste and the organic phase transitions were completely volatilized during the controlled heating pad on high-temperature furnace (with resistance molybdenum silicide) (Lindenberg). Through the obtained results it was noted a certain advantage at all temperatures of the samples had the composition Ni Mn and Co on the Mn Ni which had only giving larger values between 4335 and 4571 for samples made from the process liofilization.
Este trabalho descreve a preparação de nanoparticulas de estrutura espinélio, feitas a partir de óxidos de Manganês, Níquel e Cobalto, via processo de liofilização, o qual foi comparado ao processo de obtenção convencional, mistura de óxidos, afim de se analisar diferentes formas de preparação e sua influência nas propriedades elétricas (resistência característica, coeficiente de temperatura, estabilidade do termistor), através das medidas obtidas aplicando-se uma tensão de 5 volts nas pastilhas e submetendo-as a uma variação de temperatura de 20C a 300C, aferidos com um termopar tipo K. As Microestruturas foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), o tamanho médio das partículas ficaram entre 60 a 93 nm. Espectroscopia de raios X para determinação das fases presentes nas amostras e análise de infravermelho para se identificar em que fase do processo os resíduos orgânicos e as transições de fases orgânicas foram totalmente volatilizados ao longo do aquecimento controlado das pastilhas em forno de alta temperatura (com resistência de siliceto de molibdênio) (Lindenberg). Através dos resultados obtidos notou-se uma certa vantagem em todas as temperaturas das amostras que tinham na composição Mn Ni e Co sobre as que tinham apenas Mn Ni dando valores de maiores, entre 4335 e 4571 para as amostras feitas a partir do processo de liofilização.
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Thiery, Jules. "Water Transfers in Sub-Micron Porous Media during Drying and Imbibition Transferts d'eau en milieux nano-poreux durant le séchage et l'imbibition". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1155/document.

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Le séchage et l’imbibition sont des phénomènes physiques indispensables, de nos jours, à la formulation de nombreux matériaux en milieu industriel. Ces phénomènes, comme on peut l’observer avec l’apparition de fissures lors du séchage d’une peinture fraichement appliquée, peuvent affecter de manière irréversible l’aspect, l’intégrité ou la durabilité du matériau concerné. De plus, dans l’industrie, la connaissance des mécanismes physiques mis en jeu lors de ces étapes de séchage ou d’imbibition reste fréquemment empirique, conduisant à de fortes consommations d’énergie. La compréhension fondamentale de ces phénomènes représente donc un enjeu industriel majeur.En utilisant des techniques de mesure telles que l’Imagerie à Résonnance Magnétique (IRM) ou la microscopie électronique, nous nous sommes intéressés à la physique des écoulements fluides dans des milieux poreux modèles, déformables ou non-déformables, dont la taille caractéristique des pores varie de l’échelle du millimètre à celle de quelques nanomètres.Le résultat essentiel de ces travaux de thèse est la démonstration que l’évolution de la distribution de liquide dans ces milieux modèles, lors du séchage, provient de la compétition entre deux phénomènes physiques, quelle que soit la taille des pores, et que le matériau fissure ou subisse du retrait. Ces phénomènes physiques sont : le ré-équilibrage capillaire, ayant lieu lors de la substitution de l’eau par l’air dans le milieu poreux, provoquant un écoulement fluide selon la direction du gradient des pressions de Laplace imposé au liquide par l’évaporation, et le développement d’une région sèche apparente depuis la surface libre de l’échantillon.Plus précisément, nous montrons que le phénomène de ré-équilibrage capillaire est permanent lors du séchage et permet de maintenir une saturation homogène dans les régions humides de l’échantillon quel que soit le régime de séchage rencontré ou la taille des pores de cet échantillon. Pour des pores de dimension supérieure à quelques nanomètres, nous montrons que le séchage s’opère en deux étapes : une première période à fort taux de séchage dont la durée décroit avec la réduction de la taille des pores, cette étape est suivie d’une seconde période présentant le développement d’une région sèche depuis la surface de l’échantillon provoquant une chute du taux de séchage. Nous démontrons aussi que les phénomènes de fracturation et de retrait peuvent influer de façon significative sur la durée de cette première période.Quand la taille des pores devient inferieure à quelques nanomètres, nous montrons que l’infime rayon de courbure de l’interface eau-air développant dans les pores du milieu poreux tend à limiter le taux d’évaporation de l’échantillon et entraine sa décroissance progressive au cours du séchage. De manière surprenante, dans ce cas particulier, la distribution d’eau à travers l’échantillon reste homogène tout au long du séchage. Cette dernière observation nous renseigne sur le fonctionnement du mécanisme de ré-équilibrage capillaire dans les nano-pores et montre que les propriétés d’écoulement liquides en milieux confinés diffèrent grandement de celles rencontrées dans des milieux plus grossiers
Drying and imbibition are widely used in industry to formulate and process materials. Familiar to anyone who ever filled a sponge with water and left it to dry, or spread a coat of paint, fluid to solid transitions may affect the aspect, the integrity and the durability of the material processing. Moreover, in industry this transitional steps frequently relies on empirical techniques for the control of both of these phenomena, resulting in an overconsumption of energy. The understanding of the mechanisms behind drying and imbibition are therefore of crucial industrial stakes.Using measurement techniques such as MRI imaging or electron microscopy, we studied the physics of fluid flow within model deformable and non-deformable porous media with pore sizes ranging from a couple of millimiters to a few nanometers, during imbibition or drying.A fundamental discovery our work features is the demonstration that during convective drying, in any case, namely even down to a nanometric pore size, and even if the material shrinks or fracture during the process, the liquid distribution within a sample evolves from the competition between two phenomena. Particularly, capillary re-equilibration caused by capillary effects inducing liquid flow to equilibrate Laplace pressure throughout the partially saturated regions of the samples, and, the inward development of an apparent dry region from the surface of the sample exposed to the airflow.In details, this manuscript shows that at all time capillary-equilibration enables to maintain a homogeneous saturation within the wet region of the porous sample and two regimes may be distinguished from considerations on the drying rate and the pore size of the material. Namely, for pore sizes superior to a couple of nano meters, a first regime exhibits a high drying rate down to lower saturation with increasing pore size, followed by a second regime where a dry region develops from the sample free surface, resulting in a falling rate period. Note that deformation such as shrinkage and crack may convey the extension of the period of high rate. However, in smaller pores the small curvature of the air-water interface limits the evaporation rate from the very beginning of the process and gives rise to a progressively decreasing drying rate while a homogeneous distribution of water is maintained throughout the sample. This last piece of information emphasizes that in nano-pores capillary equilibration still occurs in a series of instantaneous scattered rearrangements of liquid throughout the sample and finally that the flowing properties of the liquid strongly differ from standard unidirectional liquid flow
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Calonego, Fred Willians [UNESP]. "Estimativa do tempo de vaporização das toras e sua implicação no desdobro e na secagem da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90556.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The present study to have to do as aim to determine the log steaming time its involvement on the sawing process and on the drying of Eucalyptus grandis wood. In order to do it so, were used logs with diameter of 20 at <25, 25 at <30 and 30 at <35 cm, from the Horto Florestal, Manduri, São Paulo. The logs were heated during 20 hours at 90ºC of temperature and 100% of relative humidity. For the adaptation of the logs heating general model developed by Steinhagen to make use of thermocouples fixed it logs center and a datalogger recorded the time and real temperature at each minute. Later the logs were sawing for width tangential system and measuring of the defects resulted from the growth stress were performed with intention to evaluate the effect of steaming treatment and the growth stress behavior with logs diameters. The sawn wood was dry in the dry-kiln and were available the dry defects of the sawn wood deriving as much the control logs as the steamed logs. The results indicate that: the log steaming time determination general model developed by Steinhagen don't is applied for eucalypts and that are necessary the use of the adjustment factors that provided the used them model for studied kind; the logs steaming provided the release of a great part of the growth stress, without, however, eliminate them completely, showing, nevertheless, that this treatment to be feasible and advisable for the growth stress relief; there are among the boards a difference on the growth stress magnitude with the logs diameters showing that the bigger logs to produce boards to be inclined cracks and that logs with diameter smaller to develop biggest boards opening during the sawing process; across of the drying schedules used so much boards provided of the control logs as the heated logs don't to presented collapse e that the warping and end checks were smaller in the heated material; the boards provided... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Calonego, Fred Willians 1977. "Estimativa do tempo de vaporização das toras e sua implicação no desdobro e na secagem da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90556.

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Orientador: Elias Taylor Durgante Severo
Banca: Claudio Angeli Sansígolo
Banca: Geraldo Bortoletto Junior
Abstract: The present study to have to do as aim to determine the log steaming time its involvement on the sawing process and on the drying of Eucalyptus grandis wood. In order to do it so, were used logs with diameter of 20 at <25, 25 at <30 and 30 at <35 cm, from the Horto Florestal, Manduri, São Paulo. The logs were heated during 20 hours at 90ºC of temperature and 100% of relative humidity. For the adaptation of the logs heating general model developed by Steinhagen to make use of thermocouples fixed it logs center and a datalogger recorded the time and real temperature at each minute. Later the logs were sawing for width tangential system and measuring of the defects resulted from the growth stress were performed with intention to evaluate the effect of steaming treatment and the growth stress behavior with logs diameters. The sawn wood was dry in the dry-kiln and were available the dry defects of the sawn wood deriving as much the control logs as the steamed logs. The results indicate that: the log steaming time determination general model developed by Steinhagen don't is applied for eucalypts and that are necessary the use of the adjustment factors that provided the used them model for studied kind; the logs steaming provided the release of a great part of the growth stress, without, however, eliminate them completely, showing, nevertheless, that this treatment to be feasible and advisable for the growth stress relief; there are among the boards a difference on the growth stress magnitude with the logs diameters showing that the bigger logs to produce boards to be inclined cracks and that logs with diameter smaller to develop biggest boards opening during the sawing process; across of the drying schedules used so much boards provided of the control logs as the heated logs don't to presented collapse e that the warping and end checks were smaller in the heated material; the boards provided... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Książki na temat "Sun drying"

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The beginner's guide to making and using dried foods: Preserve fresh fruits, vegetables, herbs, and meat with a dehydrator, a kichen oven or the sun. 2014.

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The Solar Food Dryer: How to Make And Use Your Own High-Performance, Sun-powered Food Dehydrator. New Society Publishers, 2006.

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Lachniet, Matthew S., i Juan Pablo Bernal-Uruchurtu. AD 550–600 Collapse at Teotihuacan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0006.

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We analyze a 2400-year rainfall reconstruction from an ultra-high-resolution absolutely-dated stalagmite (JX-6) from southwestern Mexico (Lachniet et al., 2012). Oxygen isotope variations correlate strongly to rainfall amount in the Mexico City area since 1870 CE, and for the wider southwestern Mexico region since 1948, allowing us to quantitatively reconstruct rainfall variability for the Basin of Mexico and Sierra Madre del Sur for the past 2400 years. Because oxygen isotopes integrate rainfall variations over broad geographic regions, our data suggest substantial variations in Mesoamerican monsoon strength over the past two millennia. As a result of low age uncertainties (≤ 11 yr), our stalagmite paleoclimate reconstruction allows us to place robust ages on past rainfall variations with a resolution an order of magnitude more precise than archeological dates associated with societal change. We relate our new rainfall reconstruction to the sequence of events at Teotihuacan (Millon, 1967; Cowgill, 2015a) and to other pre-Colombian civilizations in Mesoamerica. We observe a centuries long drying trend that culminated in peak drought conditions in ca. 750 CE related to a weakening monsoon, which may have been a stressor on Mesoamerican societies. Teotihuacan is an ideal location to test for links between climate change and society, because it was located in a semi-arid highland valley with limited permanent water sources, which relied upon spring fed irrigation to ensure a reliable maize harvest (Sanders, 1977). The city of Teotihuacan was one of the largest Mesoamerican cities, which apparently reached population sizes of 80,000 to 100,000 inhabitants by AD 300 (Cowgill, 1997; 2015a). Following the “Great Fire”, which dates approximately to AD 550, population decreased to lower levels and many buildings were abandoned (Cowgill, 2015). Because of the apparent reliance on rainwater capture (Linn é, 2003) and spring-fed agriculture in the Teotihuacan valley to ensure food security and drinking water, food production and domestic water supplies should have been sensitive to rainfall variations that recharge the surficial aquifer that sustained spring discharge prior recent groundwater extraction.
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Części książek na temat "Sun drying"

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Pujari, Mallikarjun, P. G. Tewari, M. B. Gorawar, Ajitkumar P. Madival, Rakesh Tapaskar, V. G. Balikai i P. P. Revankar. "Technological Interventions in Sun Drying of Grapes in Tropical Climate for Enhanced and Hygienic Drying". W Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, 403–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_39.

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Gong, Shu Ping, C. Huang, Dong Xiang Zhou i Zhi Ping Zheng. "Liquid Desiccant Drying Method for Gelcasting PTC Ceramics Based on BaTiO3". W Key Engineering Materials, 665–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.665.

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Temba, Pontian L., Noah M. Pauline i Patrick M. Ndaki. "Living and responding to climate variability and change among coffee and banana farmers in the highlands of Moshi rural district, Tanzania." W Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 9–22. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0009.

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Abstract The study aimed at exploring perceived impacts of climate variability on coffee and banana farming and community responses in the highlands of Moshi Rural District. A socio-economic survey employing qualitative and quantitative research approaches was used. Data were collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions as well as field observation. A total of 96 farmers were involved in the study. SPSS Statistics software package and Microsoft Excel were used for data processing and analysis. Findings showed that communities are knowledgeable about climate variability. Their knowledge is based on perceptions of the impacts already felt and attributed to climate variability, including unpredictable patterns of rainy seasons. Climate variability is associated with decrease in household food supply, unpredictable farming calendar and drying of water sources for irrigation and domestic use. Coffee yields showed a decreasing trend (at the rate of R2 = -0.494) during the years 1990-2016. This was contrary to bananas, which indicated an increasing trend (R2 = 0.036) of production during the same period. Communities were responding to impacts of climate variability in various ways, including intercropping, planting early maturing and drought-resistant varieties and gravity canal irrigation. Projected climate changes showed that the future was uncertain for farmers depending on rain-fed farming. Therefore, further research on viable options would help farmers adapt to current and future climatic stresses. Options may include intensified irrigation of crops and conservation farming which have the potential to increase banana and coffee production, thereby improving productivity and food security for communities.
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Garg, H. P., i Rakesh Kumar. "Thermal Modelling and Performance Prediction of Drying Processes Under Open-Sun-Drying". W 1999 ISES Solar World Congress, 170–74. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043895-5/50199-5.

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Tapas, Vikrant, Rituraj Chandrakar, Anil Kumar, Prem Shankar Sahu, Haldhar Ram Chandrakar i Yatendra Vinod. "Analysis and Design of Solar Dryer for Forest Produce of Bastar Region in State of Chhattisgarh, India". W Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 139–48. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7611-3.ch012.

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In the Chhattisgarh state of India, the Bastar region is famous for its various forest produce collected by local inhabitants. These collected forest produce are dried in open sun drying. This chapter presents the design and analysis of solar dryer which is simple in construction and a low-cost dryer. The construction of the solar dryer will be made of galvanized mild steel sheet absorbing the sun's radiation. The hot air will be taken out through a wind turbine ventilator at the top to maintain the required humidity level in the solar dryer. The analysis shows that the temperature inside the solar dryer is evenly distributed. The suggested solar dryer will reduce the drying time of the forest produce.
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Franzen, Jonathan. "My Bird Problem". W When Birds Are Near, 237–68. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750915.003.0027.

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This chapter describes the author's experience while birding in South Texas. There is no better American place for birds in February than South Texas. In three days, the author had seen fetchingly disheveled anis flopping around on top of shrubs, Jurassic-looking anhingas sun-drying their wings, squadrons of white pelicans gliding downriver on nine-foot wingspans, a couple of caracaras eating a road-killed king snake, an elegant trogon and a crimson-collared grosbeak, and two exotic robins all lurking on a postage-stamp Audubon Society tract in Weslaco. The only frustration was the author's number one trip target bird, the black-bellied whistling-duck. A tree nester, strangely long-legged, with a candy-pink bill and a bold white eye ring, the whistling-duck was one of those birds in the field guide which the author could not quite believe existed.
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Owuor, James Jorum, Florence Oloo, Japheth Kibet Ngetich, Mwaiwa Kivunzya, Wesley Nyaigoti Omwoyo i Jeremiah Waweru Gathirwa. "Comparison of Freeze and Spray Drying to Obtain Primaquine-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles". W Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 288–304. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch012.

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This article describes how the spray drying and freeze drying of various nanosized Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) and the physicochemical attributes of the acquired particles were examined. Primaquine loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles dried by the two strategies is examined. Particles were characterised by determination of size, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and surface morphology. In vitro and kinetic drug discharge models were also considered. Preparation parameters have no impact on the molecule morphology and properties, and the main parameter deciding the molecule attributes in the drug substance of the nanoparticle, either in the spraying or in the freezing technique of drying. The drug release profile of spray dried SLN is superior to that of the freeze dried SLN.
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Traore, Hassimi. "Fruit-Drying Process to Enhance Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa". W Marketing Management in Africa, 315–27. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315231365-16.

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Uchiyama, Y. "Wetting and drying scheme for POM and its applications to San Francisco Bay". W Hydrodynamics VI: Theory and Applications, 293–99. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16815-44.

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Aditiawati, Pingkan, Rudi Dungani, Salsabila Muharam, Aminudin Sulaeman, Sri Hartati, Mustika Dewi i Enih Rosamah. "The Nanocellulose Fibers from Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) Kombucha: Preparation and Characterization". W Nanofibers - Synthesis, Properties and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96310.

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Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) is a by-product in the form of cellulose polymers produced by bacteria in the kombucha fermentation process. Until now, SCOBY products still have application limitations. Several world designers have succeeded in making works using fabrics based on SCOBY. The resulting fabric has a flexible texture and is brown like synthetic leather. Fabrics based on SCOBY are also considered cheap and more environmentally friendly with short production time. The use of SCOBY as a fabric base material still has problems, where the fabric produced from SCOBY kombucha, directly through the drying process, has the characteristic of being very easy to absorb water. Another problem is that SCOBY production in the kombucha fermentation process is difficult to achieve a uniform thickness and SCOBY production in a large surface area is also difficult to stabilize. The development of SCOBY into cellulose fibers can be done by first changing the structure of SCOBY into nanocellulose. This nanocellulose production can then be developed into nanocellulose fibers in the form of threads and then spun to become a complete fabric. The production of nanocellulose is carried out using cellulase enzymes. It is known that cellulase enzymes can be obtained through the growth of bacteria or specific fungi. One of the groups of fungi and bacteria commonly used to produce cellulase enzymes are Trichoderma and Bacillus.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Sun drying"

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Thorat, Bhaskar, Bhaumik Bheda, Manoj Shinde i Rajaram Ghadge. "Drying of algae by various drying methods". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7761.

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Algae drying was carried out using Vacuum Tray Dryer and an Innovative Solar Conduction Dryer. Algae was dried in a Vacuum Tray Dryer at 60°C under varied pressure conditions and makes use of specially designed double condenser system. The open sun drying and solar conduction dryer (SCD) was also used for algae drying. Comparison between open sun drying and solar conduction dryer were done and it was found that the solar conduction dryer gives high performance than the open sun drying. It was also found that, the conductive heat transfer mode plays a crucial role in the solar conduction dryer. Keywords: Vaccum Dryer; Solar Conduction Dryer; Algal Drying
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Yang, Pei, Dan Huang, Sisi Lv, Ruiqi Wang, S. A. Sherif i Wei Li. "Sun Drying and Far-Infrared Drying Characteristics of Lily". W ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-63541.

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Abstract The sun drying and far-infrared drying characteristics of lily were experimentally investigated. Fresh lily was blanched and treated with boiling water at 100 °C before drying. The effects of blanching time, drying method and drying temperature on drying rate, nutrient contents (total phenol, total flavonoid and starch contents), hardness and color were analyzed. The results showed that fresh lily without blanching pretreatment had deep browning color, wrinkled skin and long drying time under any drying temperature and drying method. However, the drying rate of samples with blanching pretreatment was significantly increased and the drying time was shortened. The drying rate of solar drying was much lower than that of infrared drying, however the drying quality is better. With the increase of blanching time, the browning degree and the nutrient contents under both drying methods were reduced, while the foaming rate was increased. The hardness after solar drying was moderate, while the hardness of far-infrared drying gradually increased with the increase of drying temperature. The blanching time of 4–6 min was the ideal pretreatment time. Under this pretreatment time, a sample with fair color and moderate hardness and nutrient contents can be obtained under the far-infrared drying temperature of 60–90 °C. The far-infrared drying was more suitable than the sun drying and the most suitable drying process was as follows: fresh lilies were blanched at 100 °C for 5 minutes, and then dried at 70°C for 7.5 hours.
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Fernando, J. A. K. M., A. D. U. S. Amarasinghe, W. A. R. Jayarathna i M. Narayana. "Flash Drying of Coir Pith as an Alternative to Sun Drying". W 2019 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon.2019.8818930.

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Harun, Darwin, Muhammad Ilham Maulana, Hasan Akhyar i Husaini. "Experimental investigation on open sun-drying and solar drying system of bilimbi". W 2016 6th International Annual Engineering Seminar (InAES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inaes.2016.7821947.

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He, Yanling, Dan Huang, Yongjia Chen, Kaiyang Men, S. A. Sherif i Wei Li. "Drying Characteristics and Quality of Fresh White Waxy Corn Under Different Drying Methods". W ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-63543.

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Abstract The drying characteristics and drying quality of fresh white waxy corn were investigated under three different drying methods (sun drying, hot-air drying and far-infrared drying) and different drying temperatures (55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C, 80 °C). The optimal drying method and drying condition were obtained by comparing the drying time and drying quality including damage rate, rehydration capacity and the contents of protein, fatty acid and starch. The results showed that the drying time of sun drying was the longest, while the drying quality was the best, i.e., the damage rate was the lowest and the nutrient retention was the highest. The far-infrared drying time was shorter and the quality was better than that of hot air drying. The higher the temperature, the faster the drying rate. The optimal drying temperature was 60 °C under far-infrared drying, which can effectively remove the water and keep the food quality. Besides, the drying rate was faster than hot air, and the color of the dried products was brighter. When hot air drying was used, the value of fatty acids did not change much below 65 °C, but it rose sharply above 65 °C. The optimal drying temperature was 65 °C, under which the drying rate was moderate and the quality was relatively good. If the production cost was considered, sun drying was the best, following the 60 °C far-infrared drying. This conclusion can provide a reference for the drying conditions of corn after harvest in agricultural production, and to a certain extent provide suggestions for the later drying treatment methods and treatment temperatures of fresh white waxy corn.
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Satria, Dhimas, Haryadi, Ruben Austin i Bobby Kurniawan. "Design of drying chamber and biomass furnace for sun-biomass hybrid rice-drying machine". W SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS : Proceeding of the 4th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials 2015 (ICE-SEAM 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4943490.

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Jadhav, P., S. Ashokkumar i N. Nagwekar. "Microbial load reduction using modified Solar Conduction Dryer with composite filters". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7728.

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The present work studies the microbial load reduction in sapota and beet root by three different drying methods i.e. Open Sun Drying (OSD), Solar Conduction Drying (SCD) and a modified SCD with filters (SCDF). Parameters analyzed were water activity, moisture content, drying kinetics, Total Viable Counts, Total Fungal Counts and ash content. It was found that the samples dried in SCDF showed least microbial counts, faster drying times and lower ash content as comparison to OSD. This study shows that SCD and its modification provide a better alternative for low cost drying of fruits and vegetables for quality retention. Keywords: Microbial reduction; SCD Filters; Sapota; Beetroot
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Fito, Pedro J., Jannika Bailey, Marta Castro-Giráldez i Alfredo Esteves. "Effect of solar radiation on cooking/drying process of grapes using solar oven". W 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7878.

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Solar ovens have become a very popular technology for cooking, specially, in underdeveloped countries where access to firewood is scarce, time consuming and expensive. The benefits of solar cooking are multiple, such as saving money, as this device requires no fuel, as well as having an important impact in the environment, decreasing carbon dioxide emissions and decreasing deforestation. One challenge for food industry is to get to know the behaviour of food cooked with solar technology. The aim of this study was to model the drying process of white and red grape in solar oven using thermodynamics and spectrophotometry measurements, controlling the irradiation effect blocking the Ultraviolet radiation using a polarized vinyl film Keywords: sun radiation; thermodynamics; solar oven; drying
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Shukla, S. K. "Evaluation of Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Open Sun and Green House Drying". W ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56162.

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In this communication, a study on open sun and green house drying has been performed to evaluate the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients as a function of climatic parameters. The hourly data for the rate of moisture removal, crop temperature, relative humidity inside greenhouse and outside greenhouse and ambient air temperature for complete drying have been recorded. The experiments were done in the premises of Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University, after the crop-harvesting season from February 2006 to April 2006. Using these data, the value of convective heat and mass transfer in open sun drying (OSD) and green house sun drying (GHD) under natural and forced convection mode, have been calculated. Also the empirical relations of convective heat and mass transfer with drying time under natural and forced modes have been developed. On the basis of the present study, it is inferred that the value of convective heat and mass transfer is more in open sun drying than in the green house drying under natural convection mode. However its value increases in forced mode of greenhouse drying as compared to natural mode in the initial stage of drying.
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Duc, Le Anh, i Pham Van Toan. "Determining an Effective Method for One-Sun-Dried Squid Drying". W 2018 4th International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gtsd.2018.8595641.

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