Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Suicide – Prevention”
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Sánchez-Teruel, David, José Antonio Muela-Martínez i Ana García-León. "Variables de riesgo y protección relacionadas con la tentativa de suicidio". Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 23, nr 3 (5.02.2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.vol.23.num.3.2018.19106.
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Abstract: Risk and protection variables related to suicidal attempt. Suicide is an important public health problem, being the suicidal attempt the most predictive behavior of completed suicide. The aim of this study was to detect if there are differences in psychosocial and emotional variables in people with and without suicidal ideation and attempt. The sample consisted of 166 participants (86.36% women), aged between 20 and 77 years (M= 36, SD= 14.12) with and without suicide attempts, which was in turn divided into three groups through the Scale of Suicidal Ideation. The results show that there are important differences between the three groups in the psychological variables measured. We discuss the role of psychosocial variables, which are at the base of the increased risk or protection towards the ideation or suicidal attempt, to promote public suicide prevention policies more focused on those clinical subpopulations with specific risk profiles.Resumen: El suicidio es un importante problema de salud pública, siendo la tentativa de suicidio la conducta más predictiva del suicidio consumado. Mediante el presente estudio se pretende detectar si existen diferencias en variables psicosociales y emocionales en personas con y sin ideación y tentativa suicida. La muestra estuvo constituida por 166 participantes (86.36 % mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 77 años (M= 36; DT= 14.12) con y sin tentativas suicidas, que fue a su vez dividida en tres grupos a través de la Escala de Ideación Suicida. Los resultados muestran que existen importantes diferencias entre los tres grupos en las variables psicológicas medidas. Se discute el papel de las variables psicosociales, que están en la base del incremento del riesgo o protección hacia la ideación o tentativa suicida, para propiciar políticas públicas de prevención del suicidio más centradas en aquellas subpoblaciones clínicas con perfiles de riesgo concretos.
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Maris, Ronald W. "Suicide Prevention in Adults (Age 30–65)". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 25, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1995.tb00401.x.
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Relatively little is known about midlife suicides, compared to adolescent and elderly suicides. A life‐span model of suicidal behaviors is suggested as a heuristic conceptual tool. General midlife tasks and crises, as outlined by Levinson and Erikson, are reviewed. However, more than routine midlife developmental problems occur in most suicides. Some of the possible distinctive traits of midlife suicides (versus younger and older suicides) include: loss of spouse, years of heavy drinking, reaching the age of high depression risk, and occupational problems (including unemployment, inability to work, and retirement). Midlife suicide rates tend to be highest among white males, although female suicide rates peak in midlife. The paper concludes with a review of assessment and treatment issues related to a half‐dozen high‐risk midlife suicide types.
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Andriessen, Karl, i Karolina Krysinska. "Railway Suicide in Belgium 1998–2009". Crisis 33, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000105.
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Background: Belgium is a country with a high suicide rate (19.1/100,000 in 2004), and railway suicide poses a substantial safety and public health problem. This problem was addressed by the Suicide Prevention Unit of Infrabel (Manager of the Belgian Railway Infrastructure), which collects relevant data and implements a prevention program. Aims: To present data on fatal and nonfatal suicidal behavior on the Belgian railway network, including monthly and regional distribution and identification of hotspots; and to present the Infrabel suicide prevention program. Methods: Analysis of Infrabel data on railway suicide (1998–2009) and comparison with data on suicide in Belgium. Results: A total of 1,092 railway suicides (1998–2009) and 557 suicide attempts (2003–2009) in Belgium (fatality rate of 54%) were studied. Monthly fluctuations were observed, with the majority of suicides occurring in Flanders, followed by Wallonia and Brussels. We identified 34 hotspots accounting for 35% of cases, mostly in Flanders. Conclusions: In 2004 railway suicide accounted for 5.3% of all suicides in Belgium (railway suicide rate of 1.03/100,000). Such a major human and economic loss warrants implementation of prevention measures. Infrabel has initiated a comprehensive suicide prevention program which focuses mainly on safeguarding the suicide hotspots.
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Samson, Mrs Shireen. "Suicide & Its Prevention". Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care 5, nr 6 (15.06.2022): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2022.v05i06.002.
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Suicide is the intentional infliction of death on oneself. It is the leading cause of death on the planet. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among 15 to 19-year-olds. 79 percent of global suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Ingestion of pesticides, hanging, and the use of firearms are among the most common methods of suicide in the world. India's suicide rate increased to 230,314 in 2016. Suicide was the leading cause of mortality in both the 15–29 and 15–39 year age groups. Over 800,000 people die by suicide every year around the world, with 135,000 (17%) of them being Indian citizens, who make up 17.5 percent of the global population. Every year, significantly more people try to commit suicide than actually do so. A past suicide attempt is the single most important risk factor for suicide in the general population. In 2012, Tamil Nadu had the highest suicide rate (12.5%), followed by Maharashtra (11.9%) and West Bengal (10.1%). (11.0 percent). In 2012, Tamil Nadu and Kerala had the highest suicide rates per 100,000 people among states with large populations. Male suicides outnumber female suicides roughly 2:1 in India. Suicides are estimated to number in the millions in India. For example, a study published in The Lancet predicted 187,000 suicides in India in 2010, despite the Indian government's official statistics claiming 134,600 suicides in the same year. According to WHO data, India's age-standardized suicide rate for women is 16.4 per 100,000 (6th highest in the world) and for males is 25.8 per 100,000 (22nd).
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Wasserman, D. "Early Phases of Mental Disorders in adolescence and Young Adulthood". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (styczeń 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70338-4.
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Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality among adolescent suicides. Data from the WHO European Multicentre study on attempted suicide indicates that rates of attempted suicide and suicide in the young co-vary. The association is strongest and significant for male adolescents and young adults. Furthermore, recent studies have reported a shift to suicide methods with higher lethality for both genders.Suicide prevention strategies are directed at the general population and health care services. Suicide risk is high among adolescents with psychiatric illness, so adequate treatment and detection of psychiatric illnesses in young people is essential. Preventive measures in health care services after a suicide attempt and early recognition of young people at risk in schools are also essential strategies.The emphasis of suicide prevention work needs to shift to an earlier stage of the suicidal process. This question is addressed by the global suicide prevention initiative SUPRE (SUicide PREvention), in the WHO publication Preventing suicide: a resource for teachers and other school staff, which can be adapted to local conditions and inserted in syllabuses for training both pupils and staff.An intervention project called SAYLE: Saving Young lives in Europe is funded by the EU for adolescents in European schools over 12 EU countries. Its main objectives are to lead adolescents to better health through decreased risk taking and suicidal behaviours. Outcomes of preventive programs will be evaluated and culturally adjusted models for promoting health of adolescents in different European countries are planned to be developed.
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Mohammad Nurunnabi, Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar, Afroza Begum, Sultana Jahan i A F M Rezaul Islam. "Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior: a review". Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 3, Number 2 (1.07.2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2021.v0302.08.
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Suicide among adolescent has emerged as a major public health issue in many low and middle-income (LAMI) countries. Suicidal behavior including ideation and attempt are the most important predictors of completed suicide and offer critical points for intervention. This article reviews recent population and national data based studies of adolescent suicide and suicide attempters for analyzing risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. According to WHO estimates, 800,000 suicide deaths occurred worldwide in 2016 and it is the third leading cause of death for 15-19 year olds. The suicide rate in Bangladesh was 5.9 per 100,000 population in 2016 (4.7 for males and 7.0 for females). Approximately, 90 percent of suicide cases meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder, particularly major depression, substance abuse and prior suicide attempts are strongly related to adolescent suicides. The relationship between psychiatric disorders and adolescent suicide is now well established. Factors related to family adversity, social alienation and precipitating problems also contribute to the risk of suicide. The main target of effective prevention of adolescent suicides is to reduce suicide risk factors. Recognition and effective management and control of psychiatric disorders, e.g. depression, are essential in preventing adolescent suicides. Research on the treatment of diagnosed depressive disorders and of those with suicidal behavior is reviewed.
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Ross, Virginia, Anoop Sankaranarayanan, Terry J. Lewin i Mick Hunter. "Mental health workers’ views about their suicide prevention role". Psychology, Community & Health 5, nr 1 (24.03.2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/pch.v5i1.174.
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AimMental Health workers bear responsibility for preventing suicide in their client group. Survey studies have indicated that staff can be seriously adversely affected when a client suicides. The aim of the current study is to describe and evaluate the effects on mental health (MH) workers of their ongoing role in managing suicidal behaviours and to identify the thoughts and feelings associated with this role.MethodA survey was administered to 135 MH workers via an on-line self-report vehicle. The survey comprised standardised measures of anxiety and burnout as well as a questionnaire developed for this study concerning perceptions and attitudes to suicide and suicide prevention.ResultsFactor analysis of 12 retained items of the questionnaire identified three factors: 1) preventability beliefs (beliefs about suicide being always and/or permanently preventable); 2) associated distress (stress/anxiety about managing suicidal behaviour); and 3) the prevention role (covering views about personal roles and responsibilities in preventing suicidal behaviours). Analysis of these factors found that many MH workers experience an elevation of stress/anxiety in relation to their role in managing suicidal behaviours. This distress was associated with the emotional exhaustion component of burnout. Measures showed adverse responses were higher for outpatient than inpatient workers; for those who had received generic training in suicide prevention: and for those who had experienced a workplace related client suicide.ConclusionThere is a need for the development of appropriate self-care strategies to alleviate stress in MH workers exposed to suicide.
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Stone, Deborah M., i Alex E. Crosby. "Suicide Prevention". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 8, nr 6 (16.10.2014): 404–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827614551130.
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Suicide is a public health problem affecting people across the lifespan. It is currently the 10th leading cause of death, with rates having remained relatively flat for the past century. This article summarizes the problem of suicide and suicidal behavior along with suicide prevention efforts in the United States. Part 1 provides an overview of the epidemiology of suicide, including groups most at risk of suicide and suicidal behavior. Part 2 provides a review of common risk factors, organized by developmental life stage. A brief discussion of the lesser well-researched area of protective factors follows. Part 3 provides an overview of suicide prevention today, including the major types of prevention strategies, their successes, including means restriction, quality improvement in behavioral services, and comprehensive programs; and limitations to date, such as a lack of evidence for impact on actual deaths or behavior, small sample sizes, and low base rates. Finally, part 4 discusses challenges and future directions with an eye toward the great many opportunities that exist for prevention.
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Pedreira, Jose Luis. "Conductas suicidas en la adolescencia: Una guía práctica para la intervención y la prevención". Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 24, nr 3 (29.01.2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.26280.
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Abstract: Suicidal behavior in adolescence: A practical guide for intervention and prevention. In Spain, suicide rates have increased over the last ten years. The increase has been particularly significant among adolescents. This paper realizes a conceptual update of suicidal behavior, following WHO criteria. A review is carried out of the risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescence, both biological, psychological and social, differentiating between concurrent causes, precipitating causes and underlying psychopathological process. In particular, a review of the concept of suicidal ideation in adolescence is carried out, as an entry key to develop early intervention and preventive intervention activities. Finally, a protocol is created for intervention and prevention from social, media, school, family and health systems, including intervention by hospital emergency services. Keywords: Suicide; adolescence; suicidal ideation; early intervention; prevention.Resumen: En España las tasas de suicidio han tenido un incremento durante los últimos diez años. Ese incremento ha sido particularmente significativo en la etapa de la adolescencia. En el presente trabajo se realiza una actualización conceptual de las conductas suicidas, siguiendo los criterios de OMS. Se realiza una revisión de los factores de riesgo hacia la conducta suicida en la adolescencia, tanto los biológicos, como los psicológicos y sociales, diferenciando entre causas concurrentes, causas precipitantes, causas desencadenantes y proceso psicopatológico subyacente. De forma particular se realiza una revisión del concepto de ideación suicida en la adolescencia, como llave de entrada para desarrollar actividades de intervención precoz y de tipo preventivo. Finalmente se realiza un protocolo para la intervención y la prevención desde los sistemas social, mediático, escolar, familiar y sanitario, incluyendo la intervención desde los servicios de urgencia hospitalaria. Palabras clave: Suicidio; adolescencia; ideación suicida; intervención precoz; prevención
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Ruder, Thomas D., Gary M. Hatch, Garyfalia Ampanozi, Michael J. Thali i Nadja Fischer. "Suicide Announcement on Facebook". Crisis 32, nr 5 (1.09.2011): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000086.
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Background: The media and the Internet may be having an influence on suicidal behavior. Online social networks such as Facebook represent a new facet of global information transfer. The impact of these online social networks on suicidal behavior has not yet been evaluated. Aims: To discuss potential effects of suicide notes on Facebook on suicide prevention and copycat suicides, and to create awareness among health care professionals. Methods: We present a case involving a suicide note on Facebook and discuss potential consequences of this phenomenon based on literature found searching PubMed and Google. Results: There are numerous reports of suicide notes on Facebook in the popular press, but none in the professional literature. Online social network users attempted to prevent planned suicides in several reported cases. To date there is no documented evidence of a copycat suicide, directly emulating a suicide announced on Facebook. Conclusions: Suicide notes on online social networks may allow for suicide prevention via the immediate intervention of other network users. But it is not yet clear to what extent suicide notes on online social networks actually induce copycat suicides. These effects deserve future evaluation and research.
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Lester, David. "Are There Unique Features of Suicide in Adults of Different Ages and Developmental Stages?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 29, nr 4 (grudzień 1994): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ltpu-c68q-w9k9-30au.
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Differences between the suicidal behavior of younger adults and the elderly are reviewed, and their implications for suicide prevention efforts examined. Elderly suicides use more lethal methods, are more often diagnosed with affective disorder and organic brain syndrome, and have experienced less recent stress than younger adults. It is concluded that psychiatric treatment of depression and restricting access to lethal methods for suicide are more useful tactics for suicide prevention programs in the elderly, and that crisis counseling from suicide prevention centers and educational programs are more useful in younger adults.
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Sharma, Mrs Rajni, i Mrs Monika Devi NR. "Effectiveness of Suicidal Prevention Awareness Program among GNM Students in the Govt. AMT School, GMCH Jammu J&K UT India". Journal of Nursing Research,Patient Safety and Practise, nr 31 (28.01.2023): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jnrpsp.31.20.31.
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Introduction: In recent times, there have been more evident cases of nursing students in the first year of their course attempting suicide because of mental stress, frustration and workload they get in their first year, which they are not accustomed to handling. This study is going to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs concerning their capability to mitigate the rate of suicides among students. Need of this study: This study is very much significant in today’s time as it measures the effectiveness of the different “suicidal prevention awareness programs” the increasing rate of suicides among nursing students is an elevating concern in almost every part of the world. This needs to be mitigated as soon as possible by finding out the key reasons behind such tragic attempts. This study is significant as it helps in evaluating the cause along with the assessment of some other measures of suicide prevention as well. Research Methodology: "Quasi-experimental method, Research design is a “one group pre-test, post-test "was used. Self-Structured Questionnaires tool was developed to research about awareness about suicidal prevention among GNM students.“self-Structured Questionnaire” has been developed in order to collect data from the nursing students The information has been gathered from students regarding “suicidal prevention awareness”. approximately 15 to 25 minutes” has been taken for collecting data by Universal Sampling Technique. Then awareness teaching has been given to the students after that post-test was done to assess the effectiveness of suicidal prevention awareness program. Result: The results showed the data analysis show that most participants are not aware of the causes of suicide and are willing to do those themselves.and the suicide prevention awareness program was effective in improving the knowledge of the students regarding suicide prevention Conclusion: The study has provided a brief idea about the importance of prevention programs to aware people about this mental health problem. It was concluded that the suicide prevention awareness program was effective in improving the knowledge of the students regarding suicide prevention
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Kirillova, Tat'yana, i Aleksander Rogov. "Suicidal behavior of suspected, accused and convicted persons – a study". Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 2022, nr 2 (28.07.2022): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2022-2-164-180.
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Introduction. The analysis of the suicides committed in 2015-2020 according to the data of the Office of educational, social, and psychological work in the system of Russian Federal Penal Correction Service (FPCS) proves that the rate of suicides in the prison system is still higher than countrywide.
The goal of the research is to study the suicides committed by the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
Methods. The research has been based on the analysis of the reviews and other technical materials offered by the FPCS concerning suicide preventions measures among the suspects, accused, and convicted persons in the prison system.
Results. The authors have researched the personal characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons who committed suicides, the circumstances, and conditions of the suicides. To achieve this, the authors analyzed the data gathered in the prison system in case of suspect, accused, and convicted persons suicides (case records, internal review findings), as well as the results of psychological testing of the suspects, accused, and convicted who committed suicides in the Russian prison system in 2020. As a part of the study the authors gathered information on the suspects, accused and convicted persons who committed suicide.
The authors have researched a phenomenon of a suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons. In the theoretical and empirical study, they review both the scientific papers on the suicidal behavior and the FPCS guidelines on prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons. The authors propose measures on preventing of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
The authors created a profile of the persons committing suicide accounting for their demographic characteristics, their criminal past, and their status in the prison system, considering their psychological status, conditions, and circumstances of the suicide.
To form a correlation matrix, the authors have used objective and subjective characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons who committed suicide. As the result of the correlation analysis, the authors have found a statistically strong connection (r = 0,092; p ≥ 0,05) between the objective and subjective characteristics.
Following the founded statistically significant connection, the authors conclude that demographic characteristic and the criminal past of the convicted relate to their suicidal tendencies and may led to the committing of the suicide.
The results of the correlation analysis have been used to formulate the recommendations for the suicidal behavior prevention among the convicted persons.
The authors have attempted to find a connection between the suicidal behavior and the personal characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons mentioned in their registry files, and demonstrate the incidence of the certain traits of the suicidal persons. Using content-analysis of the registry files, the authors have chosen the most frequently mentioned personal traits in the psychological profiles of the persons who committed suicides.
The interviews with the workers of the FPCS Interregional office of psychological work have shown an additional proof of the hypothesis that the results of the psychological tests correlate with the results of the profile analysis of the suicidal persons and supplement them.
The authors have also analyzed the conditions, and circumstances of the suicides, proposed potential directions of the psychological prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspect, accused, and convicted persons.
Practical significance. Implementation of the study findings by the personnel of the prison system in the field of prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
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Sobanski, Thomas, Sebastian Josfeld, Gregor Peikert i Gerd Wagner. "Psychotherapeutic interventions for the prevention of suicide re-attempts: a systematic review". Psychological Medicine 51, nr 15 (5.10.2021): 2525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721003081.
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AbstractA history of suicide attempt (SA) is a strong predictor of future suicide re-attempts or suicide. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. A systematic search from 1980 to June 2020 was performed via the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled trials were included which clearly differentiated suicidal self-harm from non-suicidal self-injury in terms of intent to die. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions had to be focused on suicidal behaviour and the numbers of suicide re-attempts had to be used as outcome variables. By this procedure, 18 studies were identified. Statistical comparison of all studies revealed that psychotherapeutic interventions in general were significantly more efficacious than control conditions in reducing the risk of future suicidal behaviour nearly by a third. Separate analyses revealed that cognitive-behavioural therapy as well as two different psychodynamic approaches were significantly more efficacious than control conditions. Dialectical behaviour therapy and elementary problem-solving therapy were not superior to control conditions in reducing the number of SAs. However, methodological reasons may explain to some extent these negative results. Considering the great significance of suicidal behaviour, there is unquestionably an urgent need for further development of psychotherapeutic techniques for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. Based on the encouraging results of this systematic review, it can be assumed that laying the focus on suicidal episodes might be the key intervention for preventing suicide re-attempts and suicides.
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Sobanski, Thomas, Sebastian Josfeld, Gregor Peikert i Gerd Wagner. "Psychotherapeutic interventions for the prevention of suicide re-attempts: a systematic review". Psychological Medicine 51, nr 15 (5.10.2021): 2525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721003081.
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AbstractA history of suicide attempt (SA) is a strong predictor of future suicide re-attempts or suicide. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. A systematic search from 1980 to June 2020 was performed via the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled trials were included which clearly differentiated suicidal self-harm from non-suicidal self-injury in terms of intent to die. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions had to be focused on suicidal behaviour and the numbers of suicide re-attempts had to be used as outcome variables. By this procedure, 18 studies were identified. Statistical comparison of all studies revealed that psychotherapeutic interventions in general were significantly more efficacious than control conditions in reducing the risk of future suicidal behaviour nearly by a third. Separate analyses revealed that cognitive-behavioural therapy as well as two different psychodynamic approaches were significantly more efficacious than control conditions. Dialectical behaviour therapy and elementary problem-solving therapy were not superior to control conditions in reducing the number of SAs. However, methodological reasons may explain to some extent these negative results. Considering the great significance of suicidal behaviour, there is unquestionably an urgent need for further development of psychotherapeutic techniques for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. Based on the encouraging results of this systematic review, it can be assumed that laying the focus on suicidal episodes might be the key intervention for preventing suicide re-attempts and suicides.
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Pitkälä, Kristiina, Erkki T. Isometsä, Markus M. Henriksson i Jouko K. Lönnqvist. "Elderly Suicide in Finland". International Psychogeriatrics 12, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006335.
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Suicide mortality among the elderly is high in most Western countries. We investigated the characteristics of suicide victims 65 years or older in a nationwide psychological autopsy study, the research phase of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland. This study population included all completed suicides (N = 1,397, of whom 211 were 65 years or older) that occurred in Finland during a 12-month research period in 1987-1988. The elderly suicide victims were found to have used violent suicide methods more often than the young. Although almost 70% of the elderly persons who had committed suicide had been in contact with health care services during the month before their death, their suicidal intentions were rarely communicated in these contacts. They had been referred to psychiatric services less often than the young, and only 8% had received adequate antidepressive medication. The fact that most elderly suicides have contact with health care services during their final month suggests a potential for suicide prevention. However, the major obstacle to this is the poor recognition of mental disorders and suicidal ideation among the elderly.
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Korsakov, K. V. "Suicide in the Focus of Criminology". Psychology and Law 10, nr 3 (2020): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2020100308.
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This survey article deals with the approaches to the complex psychosocial phenomenon of suicide in criminology, looks into the existing problems and obstacles in the field of suicide prevention and also reviews the progress which this interdisciplinary science has made in it so far. The author shows how suicide was studied throughout the history of criminology, points out to the generality of causes of both suicidal and criminal behavior, identifies major psychosocial factors of suicide, proposes his own definition of suicide. The psychological-criminological description of suicide types is given for the domains where this phenomenon is most frequent along with preventive measures for each domain. The psychosocial characteristic is presented for suicidal personality and also similar traits are found between suicidal and criminal personality. The author describes the psychological stigmatization syndrome of a potential suicide's personality, analyzes the scientific concepts explaining the causes of suicide, concludes that there is a need to establish an effective system of suicide prevention and also singles out the new methods aimed at improving the practices for prevention of suicidal behavior.
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Jacob, Nina, Jonathan Scourfield i Rhiannon Evans. "Suicide Prevention via the Internet". Crisis 35, nr 4 (1.07.2014): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000254.
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Background: While concerns abound regarding the impact of the Internet on suicidal behaviors, its role as a medium for suicide prevention remains underexplored. Aims: The study examines what is currently known about the operation and effectiveness of Internet programs for suicide and self-harm prevention that are run by professionals. Method: Systematic searches of scholarly databases and suicide-related academic journals yielded 15 studies that presented online prevention strategies. Results: No professional programs with a sole focus on nonsuicidal self-harm were identified, thus all studies reviewed focused on suicide prevention. Studies were predominantly descriptive and summarized the nature of the strategy and the target audience. There was no formal evaluation of program effectiveness in preventing suicide. Studies either presented strategies that supported individuals at risk of suicide (n = 8), supported professionals working with those at risk (n = 6), or attempted to improve website quality (n = 1). Conclusion: Although the Internet increasingly serves as an important medium for suicidal individuals, and there is concern about websites that both promote and encourage suicidal activity, there is lack of published evidence about online prevention strategies. More attention is needed in the development and evaluation of such preventative approaches.
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Stack, Steven. "Crisis Phones - Suicide Prevention Versus Suggestion/Contagion Effects". Crisis 36, nr 3 (maj 2015): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000313.
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Abstract. Background: There has been no systematic work on the short- or long-term impact of the installation of crisis phones on suicides from bridges. The present study addresses this issue. Method: Data refer to 219 suicides from 1954 through 2013 on the Skyway Bridge in St. Petersburg, Florida. Six crisis phones with signs were installed in July 1999. Results: In the first decade after installation, the phones were used by 27 suicidal persons and credited with preventing 26 or 2.6 suicides a year. However, the net suicide count increased from 48 in the 13 years before installation of phones to 106 the following 13 years or by 4.5 additional suicides/year (t =3.512, p < .001). Conclusion: Although the phones prevented some suicides, there was a net increase after installation. The findings are interpreted with reference to suggestion/contagion effects including the emergence of a controversial bridge suicide blog.
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Ross, Victoria, Neil Caton, Sharna Mathieu, Jorgen Gullestrup i Kairi Kõlves. "Evaluation of a Suicide Prevention Program for the Energy Sector". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 17 (3.09.2020): 6418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176418.
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There is evidence indicating that traditionally male-dominated occupations are associated with greater risk of suicide. In Australia, MATES in Construction was developed as an occupational health initiative to prevent suicides in the industry. The program has recently been applied to the energy industry; however, little is known regarding exposure to suicide and suicide prevention interventions in this sector. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of MATES in Energy general awareness training (GAT), and estimate the prevalence of recent suicidal ideation and exposure to suicidal behaviors in workers. A before and after design was used to examine the effectiveness of GAT training. Data were collected from 4887 participants undertaking GAT training at energy sites across Queensland, Australia. In total, 2% (97) of participants reported recent suicidal thoughts, 65% of participants reported they had known someone who had attempted suicide, and 69% had known someone who died by suicide. Significant improvements were found on all suicide literacy items after GAT training. Younger people were more likely to be positively affected by the intervention. The results indicate that the MATES in Energy program is successfully transitioning from the construction industry, and offers the first empirically supported suicide intervention tailored to the energy sector.
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Kerkhof, Ad J. F. M., i Wim Bernasco. "Suicidal Behavior in Jails and Prisons in The Netherlands: Incidence, Characteristics, and Prevention". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 20, nr 2 (czerwiec 1990): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1990.tb00095.x.
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ABSTRACT: In most countries, the incidence of suicidal behavior in correctional institutions is higher than in the population at large. In the current study, information was processed on 44 completed suicides (that occurred during the period 1973–1984) and on 198 attempted suicides (1980–1984) by jail and prison inmates in The Netherlands. Demographic, legal, and medical data for victims were compared to similar data for nonsuicidal inmates. Twenty‐five inmates who had recently attempted suicide were interviewed, as well as 26 correctional officers and staff members. The majority of suicide completers died by hanging; most attempted suicides were performed impulsively by cutting wrists. Suicidal crises often occurred during the first period of confinement. Inmates born outside The Netherlands and long‐term prisoners were high‐risk groups. The incarceration of alcohol and/or drug abusers was a complicating issue. Correctional officers and prison staff often viewed suicide attempts as manipulative gestures, although this only partially reflected inmates' true intentions. Several preventive measures are discussed, with special consideration of the identification of suicide risk.
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Babu, R. Sateesh. "Community Suicide Prevention in India". TELANGANA JOURNAL OF IMA 02, nr 01 (2022): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52314/tjima.2022.v2i1.66.
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Suicides are one of the leading causes of death in our country. Suicides may be due to increased stressors in social, personal, family, financial and occupational domains. Nuclear families and lack of family support system in this rapidly growing era some-times contributes to the suicide. Mental disorders occupy a premier position in the matrix of causation of suicide. There are various suicide prevention strategies at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Many organisations both government and non-governmen-tal are working day in and day out to control suicides by conducting campaigns and student awareness programs.
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KJ, Akshithanand, Anshita Mishra, Sahadev Santra i Bratati Banerjee. "Review of National Suicide Prevention Strategy and Other Suicide Prevention Initiatives in India". NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2, nr 5 (2024): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.61770/nbejms.2024.v02.i05.009.
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India's launch of the National Suicide Prevention Strategy in 2022 underscores the gravity of suicides as a pressing public health issue. Globally, suicides rank as the fourth leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29, with low and middle-income countries bearing the brunt. Within India, suicides increased by 7.2% from 2020 to 2021, with Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu reporting the highest numbers. Despite decades of initiatives, including the National Mental Health Program (NMHP) since 1982, challenges persist in policy implementation, skilled manpower, and political hurdles, impeding desired outcomes. While commendable, the recent National Suicide Prevention Strategy faces limitations in execution. A critical review of government efforts reveals gaps in resource allocation and execution, hindering the impact of mental health programs. Addressing these challenges demands enhanced policy implementation, mental health infrastructure, and resource allocation. Additionally, public awareness and destigmatization are crucial components. In conclusion, India's efforts in suicide prevention reflect progress, yet significant gaps remain. Sustained commitment and innovative strategies are needed to mitigate the escalating burden of suicides. This review underscores the urgency for comprehensive measures to combat rising suicide rates effectively.
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Poças, A., i S. Pinto Almeida. "Physician suicide prevention". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzec 2016): S604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2257.
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Every year there is a medical school full of physicians who commit suicide. Depression is a major risk factor and physicians frequently fail to recognize their own depression and that or their colleagues. Even when they do, many of them avoid treatment. The greater knowledge of lethality of drugs and easy access to means can contribute to the higher suicide rate among physicians.Some studies say that training physicians are at particularly high risk of suicide, with suicidal ideation increasing more than 4-fold during the first three months of internship year. In Portugal, there are no reliable statistics about resident's suicide. We do not even talk a lot about it and the collective silence only compounds the problem – the refusal to speak perpetuates the stigma that mental health problems are signs of weakness or failure. Assess existing resources and best practices should be the next step to establish training programs to suicide prevention in these professionals, addressing response programs. As primary prevention, we should act in order to prevent healthy medical students or physicians from developing a condition that would lead to suicide. A randomized clinical trial in US with 199 residents from multiple specialties found that a free, easily accessible, brief web-based cognitive behavioural therapy program is associated with reduced likelihood of suicidal ideation among medical residents.It is also essential too early diagnose and treat after the illness onset. Moreover, it should exist a rehabilitation of suicidal physicians and their return to maximal function with minimal risk for recurrence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Pons-Baños, Judit, David Ballester-Ferrando, Lola Riesco-Miranda, Santiago Escoté-Llobet, Jordi Jiménez-Nuño, Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola i Montserrat Serra-Millàs. "Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Suicidal Behaviour and Relationship with a Nurse-Led Suicide Prevention Programme". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 23 (25.11.2020): 8765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238765.
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Suicidal behaviour is a major public health problem that needs to be tackled by all health agents including mental health nurses. Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics and different kinds of suicidal behaviour with a nurse-led suicide prevention programme. Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study, performed in the region of Osona (Catalonia) in the five-year period 2013–2017. Suicidal behaviour was classified as suicidal ideation, interrupted self-directed violence, suicide attempt or completed suicide. Results: The sample included 753 patients (of whom 53 completed suicide) who experienced 931 suicidal behaviour episodes. Men represented only 38.4% of the sample but 81.1% of completed suicides. Mental disorders were associated with suicidal behaviour in 75.4% of the sample. Two thirds (66.4%) of the individuals (0.8% (n = 4) of whom completed suicide) were participants in a nurse-led suicidal behaviour case management programme. Conclusion: The main risk factors were being a woman for suicidal behaviour and being a man and being older for completed suicide. Mental disorders, widowhood and retirement were also associated with completed suicide. The completed suicide rate was lower among participants in the nurse-led programme.
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Madhavan, Rajeev Kattuparackal, Rekha Mathew, Jaimon Plathottathil Michael, Aravind Karunakaran, Ganga Gangadhara Kaimal i Binu Abraham. "Suicidal Intent in Young Adults Attending the Suicide Prevention Clinic at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, India". Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, nr 33 (16.08.2021): 3110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/566.
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BACKGROUND Suicide attempts in young adults in the age group 18 - 25 years have grown exponentially across the globe in the last three decades. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young adults worldwide and is the second leading cause of death in 15 – 29-year-olds. The studies on the factors affecting suicidal intent among young adult suicide attempters are few from the Indian context and young adult group is of utmost importance. So, this study was done to estimate the suicidal intent among young adult suicide attempters and to assess the various factors associated with suicidal intent among young adults. METHODS The study was an analytical cross-sectional study, which was carried out at the Suicide Prevention Clinic of the Department of Psychiatry at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, India over a period of 1 year from October 2015 to September 2016. The consecutive 160 young adult suicide attempters were interviewed. Beck’s suicide intent scale was used to assess the severity of suicide attempts. Statistical significance of socio-demographic factors and suicidal intent score was assessed by independent student t test and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Out of the 160 participants, 50 (31.2 %) had low suicidal intent, 71 (44.4 %) had medium suicidal intent and 39 (24.4 %) had high suicidal intent. The study showed significant association between marital status (t = 2.515, P = 0.011), Occupation (F = 7.991, P < 0.001), previous suicide attempt (t = - 2.586, P = 0.011), mode of attempt (F = 7.228, P < 0.001) and psychiatric disorder (F = 11.218, P < 0.001) with the suicidal intent score. The study has found a significant association between the caregiver and suicidal intent score (F = 4.339, P = 0.006) which needs to be researched further. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed significant association between the socio-demographic variables like occupation, marital status, caregiver, mode of attempt, previous attempt and psychiatric diagnosis with the suicidal intent scores of young adult suicide attempters attending the suicide prevention clinic. This finding throws light to the factors contributing to high suicidal intent among young adults. The suicidal rates among the young adults are on the rise and we as the health professionals should be aware of these factors which will help in preventing young adult suicides. KEYWORDS Suicidal Intent, Young Adults, Suicide Prevention Clinic, Suicidal Behaviour, Kerala
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Cibis, A., A. Bramesfeld, R. Mergl, D. Althaus, G. Niklewski, A. Schmidtke i U. Hegerl. "Gender Differences in the Lethality of Suicide Methods and Their Relation to Suicide Rates". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (styczeń 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71020-x.
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Aims:For developing suicide prevention interventions, epidemiologic, socio-economic and demographic factors influencing suicide rates are of high interest. One considerable factor in this respect is gender, as in most countries male suicide rates are much higher than female suicide rates with a global average male/female ratio of 3.6:1. The present study seeks to contribute to the clarification of the question what underlies the different suicide rates of men and women by analyzing gender-specific lethality of suicide methods.Method:Data on completed (fatal) and attempted (non-fatal) suicides from 2000 to 2004 were collected in two cities in the region of Bavaria, Germany. This data sample offers the opportunity to compare data of suicidal acts including completed as well as attempted suicides of the same region during the same time. The lethality for each suicide method was estimated by dividing the number of fatal episodes by the total episodes and then related to gender and age.Results:Lethality per method was higher for men than for women; significant differences could be shown for the majority of methods. Regarding age, lethality rising with age could be shown. Still, in higher age groups, differences in lethality between men and women were significant.Conclusion:Results stress the importance of gender-specific suicide prevention. Male-specific suicide-prevention should be concerned with improving access to and treatment of men under risk for suicidal behaviour. Addressing the problem through multifaceted programs therefore is a promising approach.
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Farahbakhsh, Mostafa, Ali Fakhari, Hosein Azizi, Elham Davtalab Esmaeili, Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi, Mohammad Mirzapour, Abbasali Dorosti i Aslrahimi Vahab. "Development and implementation of a community-based suicide prevention program in primary care". Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 44, nr 2 (7.05.2022): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.023.
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Background. Suicide is recognized as a public health issue in Malekan County through a health community assessment. A community-based suicide prevention program was conducted during 2014-2017. Methods. This health system research was conducted in seven steps, including conducting systematic reviews, gathering expert opinions, improving the coverage of suicide attempt records, conducting research to identify regional risk factors, conducting follow ups and managing the individuals attempting suicide, training health gatekeepers, and launching public awareness campaigns. Our goal was to lower the rates of suicide, and suicide attempt by 15% and 20%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was calculated to estimate the adjusted odds ratios and the 95% confidence intervals. Result. 821 suicide attempts and 32 suicides had been recorded in the county. 70% of the suicides had been committed by men while the majority of attempters were females (64%). Most of the suicides (18cases-56.25%) had occurred in the spring while the majority of suicide attempts (288cases-35.8%) had been recorded in the summer. The common methods (62%) suiciders used were hanging and poisoning, which increased death risk significantly (OR: 8.5, 95% CI: 2.9–76.99). The incidence rates of suicide and suicide attempts reduced from 11.22, and 203 per 100,000 in 2013 to 2.63, and 157 in 2017, respectively. Suicide re-attempts also diminished from 12% in 2013 to 6.7% in 2017. Conclusion. Suicide, SA, and re-attempt were lowered by 75%, 22%, and 42%, respectively. Practical Implications. The practical framework that emerged out of the present study can be used for generating future suicide prevention strategies. Furthermore, our study highlights the need to consider a wide range of contextual factors when developing suicide prevention programs.
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Ho, Hilda. "Suicide prevention in Brunei". BJPsych International 17, nr 2 (9.01.2020): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2019.37.
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Brunei Darussalam is a small country in Southeast Asia with a conservative Islamic government and culture. Suicide is a criminal offence under the civil Penal Code and the newly implemented sharia Penal Code. Suicide and mental illness are associated with significant stigma. Public discussion about suicide and mental illness has been considered taboo for many years. Recently, increased rates of media-reported suicides caused significant public alarm. This paper describes the initial steps that have been taken and possible future strategies for suicide prevention. The complex issues affecting suicide prevention in the national context are discussed.
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Page, Andrew, Jo-An Atkinson, William Campos, Mark Heffernan, Shahana Ferdousi, Adrian Power, Geoff McDonnell, Nereus Maranan i Ian Hickie. "A decision support tool to inform local suicide prevention activity in Greater Western Sydney (Australia)". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, nr 10 (19.04.2018): 983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418767315.
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Objectives: This study describes the development of a decision support tool to identify the combination of suicide prevention activities and service priorities likely to deliver the greatest reductions in suicidal behaviour in Western Sydney (Australia) over the period 2018–2028. Methods: A dynamic simulation model for the WentWest – Western Sydney Primary Health Network population-catchment was developed in partnership with primary health network stakeholders based on defined pathways to mental health care and suicidal behaviour, and which represented the current incidence of suicide and attempted suicide in Western Sydney. A series of scenarios relating to potential suicide prevention activities and service priorities identified by primary health network stakeholders were investigated to identify the combination of interventions associated with the largest reductions in the forecast number of attempted suicide and suicide cases for a 10-year follow-up period. Results: The largest number of cases averted for both suicide and attempted suicide was associated with (1) post-suicide attempt assertive aftercare (6.1% for both attempted suicide and suicide), (2) improved community support and reductions in psychological distress in the community (5.1% for attempted suicide and 14.8% for suicide), and (3) reductions in the proportion of those lost to services following a mental health service contact (10.5% for both attempted suicide and suicide). In combination, these interventions were forecast to avert approximately 29.7% of attempted suicides and 37.1% of suicides in the primary health network catchment over the 10-year period. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of dynamic simulation models, co-designed with multi-disciplinary stakeholder groups, to capture and analyse complex mental health and suicide prevention regional planning problems. The model can be used by WentWest – Western Sydney Primary Health Network as a decision support tool to guide the commissioning of future service activity, and more efficiently frame the monitoring and evaluation of interventions as they are implemented in Western Sydney.
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Shiho, Yamashita, Takizawa Tohru, Sakamoto Shinji, Taguchi Manabu, Takenoshita Yuka, Tanaka Eriko, Sugawara Ikuko i Watanabe Naoki. "Suicide in Japan". Crisis 26, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.26.1.12.
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Abstract. This article introduces the reader to present conditions and suicide prevention measures in Japan. The suicide rate has increased gradually since the early 1990s, reaching a postwar peak in 1998. The number of suicides has remained at about 30,000 every year since 1998. Middle-aged (55-59 years) and elderly men have especially high suicide rates. In 2002, The Council of Learned People on Measures Against Suicides (organized by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare) released its report on national suicide prevention strategies. Although national suicide prevention strategies have just begun to be established, some prefectures or regions have undertaken unique suicide prevention measures.
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Pompili, M. "New Technologies in Suicide Prevention". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): S148—S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1998.
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IntroductionThe use of new technologies is beginning to be embraced by volunteers and professionals, from crisis lines, suicide prevention centers, mental health centers, researchers and politicians.ObjectivesNew technologies have entered the field of suicide prevention with high expectations for the future, despite a relatively slow start. Internet, smartphones, apps, social networks and self-help computer programs have a strong potential to achieve, sustain and help people at risk of suicide, their families, teachers, health professionals and for the survivors.AimsTo provide comprehensive overview on the role of new technologies in suicide prevention.MethodsGiven the relatively early and underdeveloped state of this area of inquiry, the author viewed his task as gathering and critically appraising the available research relevant to the topic, with the aim of formulating a hypothesis to be tested with further research.ResultsNew cheaper services will soon be available to effectively reach and assist the most vulnerable people and prevent suicides. The potential to help vulnerable people who do not use conventional mental health services and people in regions with inadequate psychiatric facilities represents an attractive target with favourable perspectives for suicide prevention Smartphone, apps, websites, avatar coach, and virtual suicidal subjects are important for both delivering help as well as to educate mental health professionals as in the case of role playing.ConclusionsShadows and lights are emerging through the use of new technologies. If more people can be reached there are however concern for improper use of social network and pro-suicide websites.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Goldney, Robert D. "Suicide Prevention". Crisis 26, nr 3 (maj 2005): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.26.3.128.
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Abstract. Because of the almost complete absence of randomized controlled trials demonstrating the effectiveness of specific treatments, there is sometimes a degree of pessimism about our ability to prevent suicidal behaviors. However, the methodological challenges to produce such research are formidable and may never be overcome. Therefore, a pragmatic review of evidence-based methods of suicide prevention is required. This review of recent studies using a variety of research strategies, both nonpharmacological and pharmacological, particularly at the community level, provides persuasive data that suicide prevention is possible. This is achievable by the application of broad community and professional education programs, as well as by the optimum management of mental disorders.
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Farré, Adriana, Maria J. Portella, Luis De Angel, Ana Díaz, Javier de Diego-Adeliño, Joan Vegué, Santiago Duran-Sindreu i in. "Benefits of a Secondary Prevention Program in Suicide". Crisis 37, nr 4 (lipiec 2016): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000388.
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Abstract. Background: The effectiveness of suicide intervention programs has not been assessed with experimental designs. Aim: To determine the risk of suicide reattempts in patients engaged in a secondary prevention program. Method: We included 154 patients with suicidal behavior in a quasi-experimental study with a nontreatment concurrent control group. In all, 77 patients with suicidal behavior underwent the Suicide Behavior Prevention Program (SBPP), which includes specialized early assistance during a period of 3–6 months. A matched sample of patients with suicidal behavior (n = 77) was selected without undergoing any specific suicide prevention program. Data on sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and suicidal behavior were collected at baseline (before SBPP) and at 12 months. Results: After 12 months, SBPP patients showed a 67% lower relative risk of reattempt (χ2 = 11.75, p = .001, RR = 0.33 95% CI = 0.17–0.66). Cox proportional hazards models revealed that patients under SBPP made a new suicidal attempt significantly much later than control patients did (Cox regression = 0.293, 95% CI = 0.138–0.624, p = .001). The effect was even stronger among first attempters. Limitations: Sampling was naturalistic and patients were not randomized. Conclusion: The SBPP was effective in delaying and preventing suicide reattempts at least within the first year after the suicide behavior. In light of our results, implementation of suicide prevention programs is strongly advisable.
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Kaplan, Kalman J. "Suicide and Suicide Prevention: Greek versus Biblical Perspectives". OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 24, nr 3 (maj 1992): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fp9h-x9fh-wdt6-jycg.
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This article compares suicide in Greek tragedy and the Hebrew Bible. It concentrates not simply on expressed attitudes but on the actual life situations portrayed in the two sets of narratives promoting or preventing suicide. Perhaps the most striking comparison is the sheer frequency of suicides in Greek tragedy and the infrequency of them in the Hebrew Bible. Most of the suicides in Greek tragedy may be classified as egoistic or altruistic with a number falling in the anomic category. The excused suicides in the Hebrew Bible can be described as covenantal with the most criticized ones falling into egoistic or altruistic categories. The stories of Narcissus and Jonah are compared in an attempt to pinpoint what is suicide-promoting in Greek narratives and what is suicide-preventing in Biblical ones. Covenantal regression is suggested as the factor allowing potentially suicidogenic anomic confusion to be worked out.
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Lee, Dayoung, Song Jung, Seongjun Park, KangWoo Lee, Yong-Sil Kweon, Eun-Jin Lee, Kyung Hee Yoon i in. "Youth Suicide in Korea Across the Educational Stages". Crisis 41, nr 3 (maj 2020): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000624.
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Abstract. Background: Youth suicides have diverse characteristics according to the young people's developmental stages. Warning signs and communication of suicidal intent can be vague among early adolescents, while mental health problems may be more evidently related to suicidal ideation in older adolescents. Understanding the developmental characteristics of youth suicide is necessary for effective suicide prevention. Aims: We explored the differences between children and adolescents who died by suicide and the characteristics of these young people as observed by their school teachers. Method: We analyzed teachers' mandatory postmortem reports of suicides among 308 Korean students. We compared: suicide-related information including personal, familial, and school factors; stressful life events; and participation in interventions among elementary, middle, and high school students who died by suicide. We also assessed the distribution of student suicides per month. Results: Suicide among elementary school students increased during school vacations, and suicide among middle and high school students increased during the school semester. According to the teachers' reports, elementary school students who died by suicide were more extroverted and had better academic achievements than their high school peers, and had significantly lower levels of substance/tobacco use. Elementary school students who died by suicide showed significantly less academic stress and use of external professional help than did other groups. Limitations: Because this research is based on mandatory teacher reports, the subjective opinions of teachers may have affected the reliability of the data. Suicide by out-of-school youth was not included. Conclusion: School-based suicide prevention should be implemented in accordance with young people's developmental characteristics.
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MacIsaac, Michael B., Lyndal Bugeja, Tracey Weiland, Jeremy Dwyer, Kav Selvakumar i George A. Jelinek. "Prevalence and Characteristics of Interpersonal Violence in People Dying From Suicide in Victoria, Australia". Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 30, nr 1 (26.11.2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539517743615.
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Victims of interpersonal violence are known to be at increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempts; however, few data exist on the impact that violence has on the risk of death from suicide. This study examined 2153 suicides (1636 males and 517 females) occurring between 2009 and 2012. Information was sourced from the Coroners Court of Victoria’s Suicide Register, a detailed database containing information on all Victorian suicides. Forty-two percent of women who died from suicide had a history of exposure to interpersonal violence, with 23% having been a victim of physical violence, 18% suffering psychological violence, and 16% experiencing sexual abuse. A large number of men who died from suicide had also been exposed to interpersonal violence, many of whom had perpetrated violence within the 6 weeks prior to their death. Targeted prevention, particularly removing barriers for men to seek help early after perpetrating violence is likely to have benefits in preventing suicide in both men and women.
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Arowosegbe, Abayomi, i Tope Oyelade. "Suicide Risk Assessment and Prevention Tools in the UK: Current Landscape and Future Directions". Psychiatry International 4, nr 4 (30.10.2023): 354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4040032.
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Suicide is a major global public health problem, with profound implications for individuals, families, and communities. In the United Kingdom (UK), despite efforts to detect and manage suicidal ideas, suicide rates persist, especially among middle-aged men and women, particularly those aged 45 to 54 years. Recent global challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, conflict, and the environmental crisis, have raised concerns about an increase in suicide rates, particularly among young people. As a result, a population-wide preventive approach based on evidence is imperative to mitigate the projected increase in suicides. To evaluate the effectiveness of suicide prevention strategies, there is a need for an objective and universally accepted risk assessment approach that does not currently exist. This review examines the current landscape of suicide prevention in the United Kingdom and evaluates the strengths and limitations of existing suicide risk assessments tools. The current suicide prevention tools used, including machine learning and mobile applications are discussed. Also, the epidemiological trends in the various regions of the UK, risk factors including age, sex, and socio-economic status are assessed to provide context. Through this discourse, we hope to provide valuable insight for clinicians, researchers, and policy makers about the current landscape of suicide, especially within the United Kingdom, while presenting recommendations regarding areas that require further research and improvement. Accordingly, suicide prevention is and will continue to be a major focus of both the national health service and research in the UK in the strive to reduce the rate of suicide across all regions. Indeed, headways have been made in the use of technology in preventing suicide both locally and globally. However, research should in the future investigate the value of personalized interventions tailored to the various risk factors of suicide and based on appropriate screening and assessment tools.
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Pompili, Maurizio, Rory C. O'Connor i Kees van Heeringen. "Suicide Prevention in the European Region". Crisis 41, Supplement 1 (1.03.2020): S8—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000665.
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Abstract. Although the majority of the world's suicides occur in Asia, suicide and self-harm are major concerns in Europe as well. Suicide accounts for 1.4% of the total number of deaths in Europe, with rates highest among those aged over 70 and also high among those aged 45–59 years. Europe accounts for six of the top ten countries with the highest suicide rates internationally. Although rates of suicide attempts and self-harm are not consistently recorded, evidence from hospital-based studies and school-based surveys highlight their extent and scale. Numerous countries in Europe have developed national suicide prevention strategies and action plans. Some of the suicide prevention activities in Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Scotland, France, Germany, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine, and Italy are summarized. In the chapter we also highlight novel suicide prevention projects funded by the EU which have advanced our understanding of suicide risk and have developed the evidence base for what works to prevent suicide. Examples include the European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD), Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE), Suicide Prevention Through Internet and Media Based Mental Health Promotion (SUPREME), and Reduction of Suicides and Trespasses on Railway Property (RESTRAIL). Future challenges and opportunities for suicide prevention in Europe are also discussed.
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Hazell, Philip. "Adolescent Suicide Clusters: Evidence, Mechanisms and Prevention". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 27, nr 4 (grudzień 1993): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679309075828.
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Cluster suicides account for an estimated 5% of all teenage suicides in the USA. Not all hypothesised clusters are verified, however, when submitted to statistical analysis. This paper reviews possible mechanisms underlying adolescent cluster suicides using the “infectious disease model’, key concepts of which are host susceptibility, modes of transmission, degree of virulence, and dose dependency. Preventive measures against cluster suicides are reviewed, including primary prevention against youth suicide, tempered media reporting of suicide, and “postvention strategies’ directed to communities affected by suicide.
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O'Connor, Rory C., Noel P. Sheehy i Daryl B. O'Connor. "A Thematic Analysis of Suicide Notes". Crisis 20, nr 3 (maj 1999): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.20.3.106.
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The analysis of suicide notes is an integral part of understanding suicidal behaviour. To this end, Leenaars (1996, 1992) has developed the Thematic Guide to Suicide Prediction (TGSP) for profiling the psychological correlates of suicide. The utility of this tool in suicide prevention, however, is not known. This study applied the TGSP to suicide notes (n = 45), interpreted in the light of coroner's inquest papers, drawn from a Northern Irish population. The results yielded support for the existence of psychological suicidal correlates. Moreover, qualitative differences between depressed and not depressed notewriters and those with and without a previous suicidal attempt were identified. For example, depressed suicides were more likely to communicate difficulties in developing attachments, or to exhibit cognitive constriction than nondepressed notewriters. Analysis of age differences was limited because of the paucity of suicide notes (in this sample, written by individuals aged 65 years or older). This research has further helped to identify psychological differences that should be beneficial in the prevention of suicide. Such differences should be integrated into existing risk assessment schedules. It is also argued that the analysis of suicide notes should form one strand in an integrated research framework.
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Jiloha, RC. "Suicide Prevention: Current Status". Journal of Advanced Research in Psychology & Psychotherapy 02, nr 01 (4.04.2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2581.5822.201901.
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Biernbacher, Dieter. "Etyczne aspekty zapobiegania i udzielania pomocy w samobójstwie". Etyka 23 (1.12.1988): 63–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.330.
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Whereas traditional ethical discussions of suicide have primarily dealt with questions relating to the moral rightness or wrongness of suicidal acts, the problem of which moral criteria should govern acts of preventing, admitting and aiding suicide has rarely been discussed systematically. In the present paper it is argued (1) that suicide is morally neutral in all cases in which it does not constitute grave damage, material or psychological, to others (e.g. near relatives), (2) that this does not imply that non-prevention, in the same range of cases, is morally neutral as well. Moral criteria for suicide prevention are formulated by making use of the Rawlsian device of a fictitious “veil of ignorance” behind which moral rules are decided on from merely self-regarding motives. It is argued that decision behind the veil would be of a principle of “restricted paternalism” that minimizes both the risk of not being prevented from committing suicide in cases in which this is clearly irrational in view of the enduring preferences of the suicidal person himself, as well as the complementary risk of being subjected to compulsory detention or treatment in cases in which suicide is the option conforming most, on a realistic view of the case, to the enduring preferences of the person. The practical rules translating the principle into concrete practice comprise a rule demanding compulsory prevention of all imminent suicides by persons not intimately known to the potential preventer, a prohibition of pre-emptive compulsory measures, and a general temporal limitation on detention. Finally, a similar, if more tentative, derivation of practical rules is attempted for cases in which aiding a suicide might seem to another person to be in the best interest of the suicidal person concerned.
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Choi, Jun Seok, Hye Bin Kang i Eun Young Koh. "Comparison of Online Responses to Media Reports Through Big Data: Focusing on Reports of Idol Suicide". Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 19, nr 11 (30.12.2023): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2023.19.11.131.
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In this study, we examined the relationship between internet news reports of celebrity suicides and public's online reactions. We used big data from news reports and social media related with the first and most recent suicides of two idols since the revision of the suicide Reporting Guidelines 3.0. About 14,000 data were collected by TEXTOM, and TF-IDF and CONCOR analyses were conducted on the collected data. The analysis showed that, first, such terms as “suicide” or suicidal language that might pose a risk were not found in the titles and content of internet news reports after Suicide Reporting Guideline 3.0 was released, but the recommendation encouraging the inclusion of suicide prevention-related content was not followed. Second, we found that the internet news and online reactions showed similar patterns, with similar clustering at each time point, i.e., when sensitive information appeared many times in internet news, similar sensitive information appeared in the online responses. Based on the findings, we made practical suggestions for suicide prevention.
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Kim, Jin-Hyeok. "A study on the characteristics of suicide risk group and establishment plan of its management system: Focused on the civil-police cooperation system". Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 31, nr 4 (30.12.2022): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2022.31.4.25.
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Suicide can be defined as any act by a person of terminating his or her life through his or her own act with a clear intent of ending the life. Suicide is recognized as a serious social problem, but it has not been successfully prevented for a long time. Suicide prevention has not been successful not only because the causes of suicide are complex and complicated, but also because the prevention system has not been well administered.
Suicides can be classified into suicides from social, economic and environmental causes; social disconnection and maladjustment; mental and psychological causes; irreversible health deterioration; and from various interacting causes.
In order to effectively control these problems of suicides, it is necessary to establish a control system of suicide prevention at the national level, improve relevant laws, install a police-centered public-private partnership suicide prevention system, and organize and use treatment and response manuals for each type of suicide.
The most important measures would be to change public awareness and form a consensus on the environment which prompts suicide. Along with the nationwide expansion of suicide prevention education, it is also essential to remedy a social environment which creates a demand for suicides. Such remedy is needed because it is difficult to achieve an intended effect just by controlling suppliers when there are many people with demand. Therefore, the basic policy of suicide prevention should be to create a social environment which can control the demand for suicides, too.
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Yamamoto, Mana, Mai Sakai, Zhiqian Yu, Miharu Nakanishi i Hatsumi Yoshii. "Glial Markers of Suicidal Behavior in the Human Brain—A Systematic Review of Postmortem Studies". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, nr 11 (25.05.2024): 5750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115750.
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Suicide is a major public health priority, and its molecular mechanisms appear to be related to glial abnormalities and specific transcriptional changes. This study aimed to identify and synthesize evidence of the relationship between glial dysfunction and suicidal behavior to understand the neurobiology of suicide. As of 26 January 2024, 46 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified by searching PubMed and ISI Web of Science. Most postmortem studies, including 30 brain regions, have determined no density or number of total Nissl-glial cell changes in suicidal patients with major psychiatric disorders. There were 17 astrocytic, 14 microglial, and 9 oligodendroglial studies using specific markers of each glial cell and further on their specific gene expression. Those studies suggest that astrocytic and oligodendroglial cells lost but activated microglia in suicides with affective disorder, bipolar disorders, major depression disorders, or schizophrenia in comparison with non-suicided patients and non-psychiatric controls. Although the data from previous studies remain complex and cannot fully explain the effects of glial cell dysfunction related to suicidal behaviors, they provide risk directions potentially leading to suicide prevention.
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Van Der Feltz-Cornelis, C. "Outcomes of a regional suicide prevention systems intervention study: Suicide prevention by monitoring and collaborative care (SUPREMOCOL) in noord-brabant in the netherlands". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.471.
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IntroductionSince 2007, suicide rates increased in the Netherlands and the province of Noord-Brabant ranked second nationally with a 64% increase. 60% of people who died by suicide did not receive treatment at the time of their death. Gap analysis showed 1) lack of expertise to explore suicide risk in health care or community settings where persons at risk presented; 2) lack of swift access to specialist care addressing suicidality; 3) lack of oversight of the care process and 4) lack of follow up.ObjectivesWe developed a regional suicide prevention systems intervention with chain partners at community, general health and mental health care level to address these gaps in Noord-Brabant, aiming at a 20% decrease in the number of suicides.MethodsThe project started October 2016 and lasted 4 years. The intervention has four pillars: 1) Online decision aid for health care professionals to assess suicidal risk and to communicate with chain partners; 2) swift access to care; 3) facilitation of care through the care chain by a dedicated nurse; and 4) 12 months follow up monitoring if the patient still receives appropriate care. We examined the effect of SUPREMOCOL on suicides in a pre-post design.ResultsDuring the implementation year of the intervention, suicides in Noord-Brabant dropped 17% whereas nationally they dropped 5%, and this effect was sustained after one year.ConclusionsThis suicide prevention systems intervention is effective in reducing suicide rates. Long-term follow-up and implementation is warranted.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Orui, Masatsugu. "Suicide and Suicide Prevention Activities Following the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011: A Literature Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 17 (1.09.2022): 10906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710906.
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Background: Since the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), numerous studies have been conducted, but no comprehensive review study has been carried out. Thus, this literature review aimed to examine how the GEJE might affect suicide and suicidal behaviors from a long-term perspective. Methods: For the literature review, a search of electronic databases was carried out to find articles written in English and in Japanese that were related to suicide and its risk factors, as well as suicide prevention activities following the GEJE. Thirty-two articles were then selected for the review. Results: There were several findings, as follows: (1) gender differences in suicide rates in the affected area: nationwide, the suicide rates in men showed a delayed increase, whereas suicide rates in women increased temporarily immediately after the GEJE; (2) the suicide rates increased again in the recovery phase; (3) the background of the suicides was linked to both disaster-related experiences, and indirect reasons pertaining to the GEJE; and (4) intensive intervention combined with a high-risk and community-focused approach could prevent suicides following the disaster. Conclusions: Although further accumulation of knowledge about suicide and suicide prevention is essential, these findings can contribute to response, recovery, and preparedness in relation to future disasters.
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María, Juez-Primo. "Suicide prevention in school". Nuberos científica VOLUMEN 6, nr 38 (1.12.2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.58798/nc.2023.66.28.001.
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El suicidio es uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes en todo el mundo en la actualidad. Este problema ha agravado en 2020 debido a la pandemia mundial de Covid-19 que produjo un aumento de las tasas de suicidio especialmente en la población adolescente. Suicide is one of the most important public health problems world-wide at present. This problem got worse in 2020 due to global COVID pandemic and the consequent mitigation strategies. Therefore, an increase in suicide rates occurred, especially in adolescent population.
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Cruz Morales, Elena Mª, Beatriz Valdayo Rosado i Rocío Martín Almenta. "INVESTIGACIÓN ENFERMERA SOBRE LAS MANIFESTACIONES CLÍNICAS Y LA PREVENCIÓN EN LA CONDUCTA SUICIDA EN LA ADOLESCENCIA". International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 2, nr 1 (22.10.2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.934.
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Abstract.NURSING RESEARCH ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PREVENTION OF SUICIDE BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENCESuicide is the second leading cause of death, according to the who, at the age of adolescence. Although not very common in children’s ages, ages within the adolescent estimation, there is usually an increase in suicide since this age is an era in which there are great internal conflicts and where to develop the instinct of resilience, responsibility and face more optimally your academic development. It's a time in which puts their identity sexual, establishes relationships social, need of be more independent. Finally, as we discussed earlier, it is a period of many changes, which is moving from childhood to adulthood. Also include risk factors that precipitate the teenager to the ideation/planning suicide, such as mental disorders, sudden changes in his life such as the separation of the parents, economic changes, etc. prevention is a good tool to prevent a fatal outcome of the person having ideation suicidal. For this, it is recommended to watch the State deprimible that the young person has, perform active listening, go to professional help, use of empathy and feelings accompanying, helps the social introduction and realization of sport, among others.Keywords: suicidal behavior, suicide, teens, nurse, prevention and risk factors.Resumen.El suicidio, se considera la segunda causa de muerte, según la OMS, en la edad de la adolescencia. Aunque no suele ser muy común en edades infantiles, en edades comprendidas dentro de la estimación adolescente, suele haber un aumento del suicidio ya que esta edad se trata de una época en la que existen grandes conflictos interiores y dónde hay que desarrollar el instinto de resiliencia, responsabilidad y afrontar de forma más óptima su desarrollo académico. Es una época en la que sitúa su identidad sexual,establece relaciones sociales, necesidad de ser más independientes. En fin, como comentamos antes, se trata de una etapa de muchos cambios , que es pasar de la infancia a la edad adulta. También, se incluyen factores de riesgos que hagan precipitar al adolescente a la ideación/planeación suicida, como son alteraciones mentales, cambios bruscos en su vida como puede ser la separación de los padres, cambios económicos,etc. La prevención es una buena herramienta para evitar un fatal desenlace de la persona que tiene ideaciones suicidas. Para ello, se recomienda vigilar el estado deprimible que tiene el joven, realizar escucha activa, acudir a ayuda profesional, uso de la empatía y acompañamiento de sus sentimientos, ayuda a la introducción social y realización de deporte, entre otros.Palabras Claves: conducta suicida, suicidio, adolescencia, enfermera, prevención y factores de riesgo.