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Pons-Baños, Judit, David Ballester-Ferrando, Lola Riesco-Miranda, Santiago Escoté-Llobet, Jordi Jiménez-Nuño, Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola i Montserrat Serra-Millàs. "Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Suicidal Behaviour and Relationship with a Nurse-Led Suicide Prevention Programme". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 23 (25.11.2020): 8765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238765.
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Suicidal behaviour is a major public health problem that needs to be tackled by all health agents including mental health nurses. Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics and different kinds of suicidal behaviour with a nurse-led suicide prevention programme. Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study, performed in the region of Osona (Catalonia) in the five-year period 2013–2017. Suicidal behaviour was classified as suicidal ideation, interrupted self-directed violence, suicide attempt or completed suicide. Results: The sample included 753 patients (of whom 53 completed suicide) who experienced 931 suicidal behaviour episodes. Men represented only 38.4% of the sample but 81.1% of completed suicides. Mental disorders were associated with suicidal behaviour in 75.4% of the sample. Two thirds (66.4%) of the individuals (0.8% (n = 4) of whom completed suicide) were participants in a nurse-led suicidal behaviour case management programme. Conclusion: The main risk factors were being a woman for suicidal behaviour and being a man and being older for completed suicide. Mental disorders, widowhood and retirement were also associated with completed suicide. The completed suicide rate was lower among participants in the nurse-led programme.
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Hegerl, U. "Media and suicidal behaviour". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S51—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.163.
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Media coverage of suicidal behaviour can induce copycat suicides. This has been clearly confirmed by analysis of suicides following the huge media coverage of the railway suicide of the German national goal keeper in 2009. A socalled ‘Werther effect’ was not only visible in Germany, but also in neighbouring countries (1). Even more disturbing is the fact that these effects were not only short-lived, but a higher number of railway suicides was observed compared to baseline over a two year period (2). Increased cognitive availability of railway suicides might explain this finding. It adds to the important discussion concerning the risks and benefits of public antisuicidal campaigns. Destigmatisaton and normalisation of suicidal behaviour will on the one hand, facilitate helpseeking behaviour of people at risk, but on the other hand, will lower the threshold for committing suicide. Even when the wording within a antisuicide campaign is in line with recomendations of media guidelines, secondary reporting e.g. within social media will not be controllable. Social media are likely to contribute to the spreading and the choice of more lethal suicide methods, as has been shown for carbon monoxide poisoning and poisoning by other gasses (3). An increase of knowledge about and access to more lethal poisoning methods will have a major impact on suicide rates. 1) KOBURGER et al (2015), J Affect Disord 185:38-46 2) HEGERL et al (2013), J Affect Disord. 146: 39-44. 3) PAUL et al (2017), PLoS One 12: e0190136.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Alibayeva, Rauan, Zaure Ormanova, Zhanar Turniyazova, Toty Zhakanova i Umetkul Uakpayeva. "Diagnosis of suicidal behaviour in adolescents". Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics, nr 55 (30.01.2024): 1091–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.54919/physics/55.2024.109fq1.
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Relevance. Suicide is a global problem all over the world at the level of cancer. According to the World Health Organisation, humanity commits more than 800,000 suicides every year. Now, the main problem is teenage suicide, as it is considered one of the common causes of death among minors. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the essence and types of suicidal behaviour, causes of occurrence and features of manifestation of the first alarm signals, to determine the suicidal tendencies of adolescents at the present stage, to analyse the main preventive methods aimed at the correction of deviations of behaviour and attraction to suicide. This paper is aimed at a detailed investigation of the psychology of adolescents prone to suicidal behaviour at the present stage, to establish relevant and effective methods of detection and prevention of negative consequences, preserving the life of adolescent society. Methodology. The following methods were used for detailed study of this problem: method of analysis and synthesis, survey method, statistical method, comparative method, interpretive method. Results. The results of the scientific study theoretically revealed the main determinants of the manifestation of suicide, its nature of occurrence, types and phases, analysed the common motives for committing suicide among adolescents, the main theories of the study of suicidal behaviour, early scientific approaches and achievements, identified the main criteria for recognizing the first disturbing symptoms in behaviour, found methods of prevention and recommendations to prevent adverse consequences. Conclusions. Gender differences of inclinations to suicide were investigated, features of emotional aggravations during puberty period were analysed, statistical data on committed suicides in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the last several years were covered.
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Courtet, P., M. Wyart, I. Jaussent, K. Ritchie i F. Jollant. "Decision making and vulnerability to suicidal behaviour in elderly". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73867-6.
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Suicide is a major public health concern, especially for older adults, who have higher rates of completed suicide than any other age group in most countries of the world. However, understanding suicidal behaviour remains a challenging task particularly among the elders who have been poorly studied. Decision making has been recently found to be altered in suicide attempters under 65.To test wether decision making would be a neuropsychological trait of vulnerability to suicidal behaviours, the authors used the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate normothymic non demented elders with a history of suicidal behaviour (N = 35) and compared it to decision making in non suicide attempters with a past history of depression (N = 52) and comparison subjects (N = 43). The data also were compared to those of similar groups of younger normothymic subjects. Moreover, the old suicidal patients were assessed according to the age at the onset of suicidal behaviour (before or after 60).Old suicide attempters did not significantly differ from the other aged groups and according to the age of first suicidal behaviour. Old suicide attempters presented better performances than that of younger suicidal patients.Vulnerability to suicidal behaviour in older people may proceed from cognitive processes which are different from the ones involved in suicidal vulnerability of younger subjects. These results are preliminary and further studies are needed to explore vulnerability cognitive patterns to suicide among elders.
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Lozupone, M., A. Mollica, G. Berardino, A. Bellomo i F. Panza. "Risk Factors of Suicidal Behaviour in old age". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S31—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.112.
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Several observational studies investigated risk factors for suicide attempts/completed suicides in older age with contrasting evidence from ongoing population-based research. The risk factors most associated to suicide attempts than other variables were: depressive disorders, methods employed to self-harm (particularly poisoning), and psychotropic drug utilization followed by psychological factors and disability. Moreover, male sex, violent methods to self-harm, any psychiatric disorder (depression, anxiety and bipolar disorders), a poor medical condition, stressors/bereavement, and living alone appeared to be more significant for predicting completed suicides in late life. There is growing evidence of a role of environmental exposures in the pathogenesis and epigenetics of suicidal behavior in older age. Little is known about the possible relationship between suicidal ideation in older age and its biopsychosocial predictors, although psychiatric disorders (among which late-life depression, LLD), play a fundamental role. LLD, distinguished as late-onset depression (LOD) and early-onset depression (EOD). Suicidal ideators accounted for 2.32% of subjects, were female, smokers and obese affected by multimorbidity. After adjusting for age, gender, education and social dysfunction, suicidal ideation was associated to LLD (EOD>LOD:OR:21.71, 95% CI:9.22-51.14). In the full random forest model, asthma was the most important contributor to suicidal ideation. Among biomarkers, interleukin (IL)-6 followed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, Apolipoprotein E e4 allele-carriers, C-reactive protein contributed most to suicidal ideation. Although EOD is a strong determinant of suicidal ideation, other non-psychiatric factors, i.e., serum inflammation biomarkers, APOE e4 allele, and multimorbidity, should be taken into account when evaluating a suicidal ideation phenotype in older age. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Pereira, T., S. Martins i L. Fernandes. "Sleep duration and suicidal behavior: A systematic review". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): s854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1699.
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IntroductionSuicide is a serious public health problem, being the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. Many risk factors have been associated with suicidal behavior, such as psychiatric disorders, family history of suicide, loss of a close friend/relative, physical/sexual abuse, lack of support network, or sleep disturbances where nightmares and insomnia have been consistently reported to increase the risk of suicidal behaviors.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to examine the association between short sleep duration and suicidal behaviour (suicide ideation/attempt/suicide).MethodsThis is a systematic review of published research articles in the electronic database PubMed in the last 10 years. The query “sleep” or “sleep disorders” and “suicide” was used. Studies that assessed the relation between sleep duration and suicidal behaviour, with a well-defined index for sleep disorders and with an outcome measure of suicidal behavior were included.ResultsOf the 522 references founded, 33 articles met the inclusion criteria (1 review, 1 qualitative and 31 quantitative studies). An association between short sleep duration and suicidal behaviour was found in most of the studies with children/adolescents and adult samples. However, this relation was not verified in the research into the elderly.ConclusionThe results point to a significant association between short sleep time and the presence of suicidal behaviours, for both adults and children/adolescents. The effect of short sleep duration seems to be more consistent with suicidal ideation, but not for attempts, needing further studies to highlight the importance of this link between sleep duration and suicide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Zeppegno, P., i C. M. Gramaglia. "Homicide and Suicide in the Elderly". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S34—S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.122.
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Homicide and suicide are complex phenomena raising questions and interest which go far beyond the medical and psychiatric field, as they represent a challenge for an understanding which is, first of all, human. In older adults, homicide and suicide may present together in the homicide-suicide phenomenon. The most common motive underlying this behavior in intimate partner relationships is the so-called “mercy killing”, where the perpetrator kills the partner to eventually allow relief from declining health conditions, and then commits suicide. Actually, older adults account for a disproportionately high number of suicide deaths and approximately 55% of late-life suicides are associated with physical illness, notwithstanding psychiatric comorbidity. Physical illness is more likely to eventually lead to suicidal behaviour when it represents a threaten for the individual’s independence, autonomy, self-esteem and dignity, and when it impacts on quality of and pleasure with life, sense of meaning, usefulness and purpose in life. As the current historical period is one marked by opportunities which have allowed a rapid increase of life expectancy and longevity, it clearly emerges the need to balance benefits and harms of curative and palliative therapies, especially for painful, terminal illnesses. The expression of suicidal thoughts in older adults, as well as behaviours suggesting “silent” or indirect suicidal attitudes, should be carefully investigated and clinicians should try to decode the possible communicative role of suicidal behaviour while avoiding premature conclusions about the “rationality” of patients’ decision to die. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Kyriakou, A., A. Chatzittofis i K. Parperis. "POS0711 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR IN SLE PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19.05.2021): 605.1–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.741.
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Background:Previous studies have demonstrated that SLE patients have a higher risk of suicidal behaviour, including suicidal ideation, attempt and complete suicide (1,2). Data describing the SLE patients’ clinical characteristics and risk factors of suicidal behaviour are lacking.Objectives:To determine the magnitude of suicidal behaviour among SLE patients and to examine predictors associated with suicidal behaviour.Methods:According to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review of the online databases, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science, from inception to December 2020 (Figure 1). Full-text original articles that examined the relationship between SLE patients with suicidal behaviour were eligible for our review. Two reviewers independently review articles to assess eligibility using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Systematic reviews, metanalysis, narrative review, case reports, case series, including less than 10 patients and conference abstracts, were excluded.Results:Of the 64 articles identified, 22 were relevant to the study question; cross-sectional (n=8) and prospective cohorts (n=6) were the most frequently retrieved studies. Among the 27106 SLE patients with SLE, 802 had suicidal behaviour (2.9%), and of those, 87.9% were female. Suicide attempt occurred in 573/802 (71.4%) and complete suicide in 18/802 (2,3%). Major depressive disorder (MDD) was the most frequently reported coexisting psychiatric condition associated with suicidal behavior, followed by psychosis and social phobia. Several clinical manifestations were linked to suicidal behaviour, particularly neuropsychiatric lupus, mucocutaneous, renal involvement and serositis. Further, high scores in disease activity and damage indices were associated with suicidal behaviour.Conclusion:Suicidal behavior in SLE patients was associated with MDD, NPSLE, active disease and damage. Awareness of these findings can guide clinicians to recognize suicide behavior promptly and prevent suicide attempts.References:[1]Hajduk A, Nowicka-Sauer K, Smoleńska Ż, Czuszyńska Z, Zdrojewski Z. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal thoughts in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus. Lupus. 2016 Feb;25(2):185-92. doi: 10.1177/0961203315603136.[2]Buji RI, Abdul Murad NA, Chan LF, Maniam T, Mohd Shahrir MS, Rozita M, Shamsul AS, Mohamad Hussain R, Abdullah N, Jamal R, Nik Jaafar NR. Suicidal ideation in systemic lupus erythematosus: NR2A gene polymorphism, clinical and psychosocial factors. Lupus. 2018 Apr;27(5):744-752. doi: 10.1177/0961203317742711.Figure 1.A PRISMA chart describing the inclusion/exclusion processDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Turecki, Gustavo, i David A. Brent. "Suicide and suicidal behaviour". Lancet 387, nr 10024 (marzec 2016): 1227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00234-2.
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Riabchych, Yaroslav, i Mariia Kapkan. "THE SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF YOUTH’S SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR". PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, nr 1 (30.01.2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.1.1.
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The article highlights the current view on social and psychological determinants of youth’s suicidal behaviour. The modern science still does not have a unified point of view on suicidal behaviour. The corresponding terminology is amorphousness and its concept is uncertain. It is generally accepted that suicidal behaviour depends on many factors, has different motives and goals and exists in certain and extreme conditions. The authors present their own model of suicidal behaviour that includes the following main factors leading to suicidal behaviour: social and psychological maladaptation, deviant behaviour and unresolved intrapersonal conflicts. We have identified four groups of factors affecting young people’s social and psychological maladaptation: General psychological features of a suicider having non-pathological situational intentions, as well as people having borderline states; Personal factors; Family factors; Other life factors: a changed place of residence, study or work; negative influence of mass-media, modern literature, Internet sites with certain content, etc. A set of standardized and tested methods was selected to examine social-psychological factors of young people’s pre-suicidal and suicidal behaviour: 3 methods studying susceptibility to suicidal reactions, suicidal behaviour and the diagnosis of suicidal behaviour before its manifestation. The sample consisted of 120 young people (89 girls and 31 boys). Their families were also taken into account: 89 respondents had both parents, 31 had only one of parents. The sample was divided into three groups for comparative analysis of suicidal behaviour. The division criterion of was the suicide indicator from the Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire that was compared with the results of the Suicide Risk Test (SR-45, P.I. Yunatskevich) and the method determining propensity to suicidal behaviour (M.V. Gorskaya). The statistical methods were used to process the obtained data: Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze relations between individual psychological characteristics with suicidal behaviour; a multiple regression analysis was performed for data grouping; statistical significance was checked by the F-Fisher test. The performed empirical study has revealed that suicidal behaviour can appear because of deteriorated personal psychological health - anxiety, frustration, aggression and changes in attitudes toward life and death under environmental influences or because of overestimated self-concept. The respondents having suicidal intentions were characterized by severe anxiety and high frustration as the consequences of personal disappointment, inability to overcome real or imagined obstacles preventing goal achievement. Aggression was almost the same for all three examined groups, thus this indicator showed rather increased psychological activity. The highest rigidity was observed at the respondents having suicidal intentions; such rigidity was associated with complications existing during implementation of significant activities.
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Zbroszczyk, Dorota. "SUICIDE EXTREME ACT OF PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR". Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka - Refleksje 32, nr 32 (31.12.2018): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8106.
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Contemporary times pose many threats to life and health. The type of changes in many areas of human life, e.g. changes in the economy, value loss, consumerism causes unexpected intensification of extreme social problems, e.g. suicides. Suicide is an extremely complex phenomenon in its aetiology, which is a problem not only of individual but also of social pathology. Due to their size, structure and dynamics, and above all the social consequences of suicidal behaviour, suicidal behaviour is an important social problem that cannot remain unnoticed.
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VUORILEHTO, M. S., T. K. MELARTIN i E. T. ISOMETSÄ. "Suicidal behaviour among primary-care patients with depressive disorders". Psychological Medicine 36, nr 2 (23.11.2005): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705006550.
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Background. Most national suicide prevention strategies set improved detection and management of depression in primary health care into a central position. However, suicidal behaviour among primary-care patients with depressive disorders has been seldom investigated.Method. In the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study, a total of 1119 primary-care patients in the City of Vantaa, Finland, aged 20 to 69 years, were screened for depression with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) questionnaire. Depressive disorders were diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and the 137 patients with depressive disorder were included in the study. Suicidal behaviour was investigated cross-sectionally and retrospectively in three time-frames: current, current depressive episode, and lifetime. Current suicidal ideation was measured with the Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI), and previous ideation and suicide attempts were evaluated based on interviews plus medical and psychiatric records.Results. Within their lifetimes, 37% (51/137) of the patients had seriously considered suicide and 17% (23/137) attempted it. Lifetime suicidal behaviour was independently and strongly predicted by psychiatric treatment history and co-morbid personality disorder, and suicidal behaviour within the current episode was predicted most effectively by severity of depression.Conclusions. Based on these findings and their convergence with studies of completed suicides, prevention of suicidal behaviour in primary care should probably focus more on high-risk subgroups of depressed patients, including those with moderate to severe major depressive disorder, personality disorder or a history of psychiatric care. Recognition of suicidal behaviour should be improved. The complex psychopathology of these patients in primary care needs to be considered in targeting preventive efforts.
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Bagley, Christopher, i Richard Ramsay. "Problems and Priorities in Research on Suicidal Behaviours: An Overview with Canadian Implications". Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 4, nr 1 (1.04.1985): 15–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1985-0002.
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This paper reviews research progress and research priorities in the study of suicidal behaviour as a preliminary to implementing a community-based program of education and prevention of suicidal behaviours. Among the priorities for Canadian research and evaluation which this review has identified are better statistical base for Canadian suicidology; the study of regional and ecological variations in suicidal behaviour in Canada; the role of social stress, unemployment, and social change; family stability and disruption; the role of biological factors, mental illness, and alcoholism; the taxonomy of suicidal behaviours; the social meanings of suicide at the community level; and the increasing rates of suicidal behaviour in young people and associated age cohorts.
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Sobanski, Thomas, Sebastian Josfeld, Gregor Peikert i Gerd Wagner. "Psychotherapeutic interventions for the prevention of suicide re-attempts: a systematic review". Psychological Medicine 51, nr 15 (5.10.2021): 2525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721003081.
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AbstractA history of suicide attempt (SA) is a strong predictor of future suicide re-attempts or suicide. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. A systematic search from 1980 to June 2020 was performed via the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled trials were included which clearly differentiated suicidal self-harm from non-suicidal self-injury in terms of intent to die. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions had to be focused on suicidal behaviour and the numbers of suicide re-attempts had to be used as outcome variables. By this procedure, 18 studies were identified. Statistical comparison of all studies revealed that psychotherapeutic interventions in general were significantly more efficacious than control conditions in reducing the risk of future suicidal behaviour nearly by a third. Separate analyses revealed that cognitive-behavioural therapy as well as two different psychodynamic approaches were significantly more efficacious than control conditions. Dialectical behaviour therapy and elementary problem-solving therapy were not superior to control conditions in reducing the number of SAs. However, methodological reasons may explain to some extent these negative results. Considering the great significance of suicidal behaviour, there is unquestionably an urgent need for further development of psychotherapeutic techniques for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. Based on the encouraging results of this systematic review, it can be assumed that laying the focus on suicidal episodes might be the key intervention for preventing suicide re-attempts and suicides.
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Sobanski, Thomas, Sebastian Josfeld, Gregor Peikert i Gerd Wagner. "Psychotherapeutic interventions for the prevention of suicide re-attempts: a systematic review". Psychological Medicine 51, nr 15 (5.10.2021): 2525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721003081.
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AbstractA history of suicide attempt (SA) is a strong predictor of future suicide re-attempts or suicide. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. A systematic search from 1980 to June 2020 was performed via the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled trials were included which clearly differentiated suicidal self-harm from non-suicidal self-injury in terms of intent to die. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions had to be focused on suicidal behaviour and the numbers of suicide re-attempts had to be used as outcome variables. By this procedure, 18 studies were identified. Statistical comparison of all studies revealed that psychotherapeutic interventions in general were significantly more efficacious than control conditions in reducing the risk of future suicidal behaviour nearly by a third. Separate analyses revealed that cognitive-behavioural therapy as well as two different psychodynamic approaches were significantly more efficacious than control conditions. Dialectical behaviour therapy and elementary problem-solving therapy were not superior to control conditions in reducing the number of SAs. However, methodological reasons may explain to some extent these negative results. Considering the great significance of suicidal behaviour, there is unquestionably an urgent need for further development of psychotherapeutic techniques for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. Based on the encouraging results of this systematic review, it can be assumed that laying the focus on suicidal episodes might be the key intervention for preventing suicide re-attempts and suicides.
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LIU, KA Y., ERIC Y. H. CHEN, CECILIA L. W. CHAN, DOMINIC T. S. LEE, Y. W. LAW, YEATES CONWELL i PAUL S. F. YIP. "Socio-economic and psychological correlates of suicidality among Hong Kong working-age adults: results from a population-based survey". Psychological Medicine 36, nr 12 (28.11.2006): 1759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706009032.
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Background. The global toll of suicide is estimated to be one million lives per year, which exceeded the number of deaths by homicide and war combined. A key step to suicide prevention is to prevent less serious suicidal behaviour to preclude more lethal outcomes. Although 61% of the world's suicides take place in Asia and the suicide rates among middle age groups have been increasing since the economic crisis in many Asian countries, population-based studies of suicidal behaviour among working-age adults in non-western communities are scarce.Method. Data from a population-based survey with 2015 participants were used to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behaviour among the working-age population in Hong Kong, and to study the associated socio-economic and psychological correlates. We focused particularly on potential modulating factors between life-event-related factors and suicidal ideation.Results. Six per cent of the Hong Kong population aged 20–59 years considered suicide in the past year, while 1·4% attempted suicide. Hopelessness, reasons for living, and reluctance to seek help from family and friends had direct association with past-year suicidal ideation. Reasons for living were found to moderate the effect of perceived stress on suicidal ideation.Conclusions. Suicidality is a multi-faceted problem that calls for a multi-sectored, multi-layered approach to prevention. Prevention programmes can work on modulating factors such as reasons for living to reduce suicidal risk in working-age adults.
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Agarwal, Shreya, Radhika Yadav, Naveen Diwan, Sweta Yadav, Saurabh Kumar i Pradeep Aggarwal. "Is Life losing its Worth in the eyes of today’s Children? A review on Suicidal tendencies". Journal of Comprehensive Health 9, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v09i02.011.
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Suicidal attempts and suicides among children & teenagers are on rise in past few years. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among those aged 10–24 years. Modern era has witnessed that the children have the ability to plan and execute a suicidal act. Considering such valuable loss of lives by suicide, it is of serious public health concern. Suicide by a child causes significant grief and depression for siblings, parents, and near ones exposed to suicide. Mental health and social distress among children must be paid great attention to reduce suicidal behaviour.
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Mohd Fadhli, Siti Aisyah, Jasy Liew Suet Yan, Ahmad Shahril Ab Halim, Asrenee Ab Razak i Azriani Ab Rahman. "Finding the Link between Cyberbullying and Suicidal Behaviour among Adolescents in Peninsular Malaysia". Healthcare 10, nr 5 (6.05.2022): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050856.
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Social media engagement has contributed to the rise of cyberbullying, which has recently triggered tragic suicides among adolescents. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying, suicidal behaviour, and their association among adolescents in Peninsular Malaysia. The study was conducted among 1290 secondary school adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years old in Peninsular Malaysia using a self-administered and anonymous online questionnaire. Our findings reveal that the prevalence of cyberbullying victimization and perpetrator is 13.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The prevalence of suicidal behaviour among adolescents is 17.1%, in which 11.9% had suicidal thoughts, 10.2% had a suicide plan, and 8.4% had made a suicide attempt. Multiple logistic regression shows that adolescents experiencing cyberbullying victimization is a significant risk factor (p < 0.001) for suicidal behaviour after adjusting for other confounders. An alarming number of adolescents in Peninsular Malaysia found to be involved in cyberbullying and its significant association with suicidal behaviour warrant the need to strengthen current interventions. Since the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, our findings make an important contribution in reporting current trends in cyberbullying and suicide among adolescents, especially when they are becoming ever-more present in cyberspaces.
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Beautrais, Annette L. "Risk Factors for Suicide and Attempted Suicide among Young People". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 420–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00691.x.
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Objective: Suicide rates in young people have increased during the past three decades, particularly among young males, and there is increasing public and policy concern about the issue of youth suicide in Australia and New Zealand. This paper summarises current knowledge about risk factors for suicide and suicide attempts in young people. Method: Evidence about risk factors for suicidal behaviour in young people was gathered by review of relevant English language articles and other papers, published since the mid-1980s. Results: The international literature yields a generally consistent account of the risk factors and life processes that lead to youth suicide and suicide attempts. Risk factor domains which may contribute to suicidal behaviour include: social and educational disadvantage; childhood and family adversity; psychopathology; individual and personal vulnerabilities; exposure to stressful life events and circumstances; and social, cultural and contextual factors. Frequently, suicidal behaviours in young people appear to be a consequence of adverse life sequences in which multiple risk factors from these domains combine to increase risk of suicidal behaviour. Conclusions: Current research evidence suggests that the strongest risk factors for youth suicide are mental disorders (in particular, affective disorders, substance use disorders and antisocial behaviours) and a history of psychopathology, indicating that priorities for intervening to reduce youth suicidal behaviours lie with interventions focused upon the improved recognition, treatment and management of young people with mental disorders.
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Guerreiro, D., E. Neves, R. Navarro, A. Prioste, D. Ribeiro, T. Lila, A. Neves, M. Salgado, N. Santos i D. Sampaio. "The Suicidal Adolescent Profile: A Comparative Study Between Adolescents with and without Suicidal Behaviours". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (styczeń 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71025-9.
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Context:Suicide and suicidal behaviours are a growing concern among adolescents.Objective:Describe discriminating characteristics of adolescents with suicidal behaviours followed by our psychiatric consultations.Methods:A cross-sectional sample of 100 adolescents (aged 12 to 21), from the adolescent psychiatry and youth suicide consultations, at Hospital Santa Maria Psychiatry Department, were submitted to a semi-structured interview. The sample was divided in two groups: with and without suicidal behaviour (the first being defined has previous suicide attempt, parasuicidal gestures or self-mutilation). Demographic, psychosocial and psychopathological data was taken and compared.Results:98 completed protocol. Suicidal behaviour group included 48 subjects. Age, years of education, family type, sex differences, psychosocial difficulties (school, family, peers, affective), therapeutic objectives (exception on family relations) were not statistically discriminating. Suicidal ideation as consultation motive, emergency room referral, previous attempts of follow-up, not having as objective improvement of family relationships, were highly associated to the suicidal behaviour group (p≤0.001). A non significant tendency was observed towards depressive syndrome in the latter.Conclusion:Identifying adolescents at risk for suicidal behaviours isn't an easy task, most characteristics are not discriminating. The most effective way seems to be asking directly about suicidal ideas. Awareness should increase in emergency room referrals motivated by suicidal ideas, in adolescents who tried multiple follow-ups and that seem to be disappointed by family support.
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Armstrong, Gregory, Tilahun Haregu, Eric D. Caine, Jesse T. Young, Matthew J. Spittal i Anthony F. Jorm. "High prevalence of health and social risk behaviours among men experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviour: The imperative to undertake holistic assessments". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, nr 8 (23.05.2020): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420924098.
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Objective: We aimed to examine whether suicidal thoughts and behaviour were independently associated with a wide range of health and social risk behaviours. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of data collected from 13,763 adult males who participated in The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. We fit generalised linear models to estimate the relative risk of engaging in a range of health and social risk behaviours across several domains by suicidal thoughts and behaviour status. Results: Men with recent suicidal ideation (relative risk range, 1.10–5.25) and lifetime suicide attempts (relative risk range, 1.10–7.65) had a higher risk of engaging in a broad range of health and social risk behaviours. The associations between suicidal thoughts and behaviour and health and social risk behaviours were typically independent of socio-demographics and in many cases were also independent of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Suicidal thoughts and behaviour overlaps with increased risk of engagement in a wide range of health and social risk behaviours, indicating the need for an alignment of broader public health interventions within clinical and community-based suicide prevention activities. The experience of suicidality may be an important catalyst for a broader psychosocial conversation and assessment of health and social risk behaviours, some of which may be modifiable. These behaviours may not carry an imminent risk of premature death, such as from suicide, but they carry profound health and social consequences if left unaddressed.
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Azhar, MZ, i SL Varma. "Akathisia-induced suicidal behaviour". European Psychiatry 7, nr 5 (1992): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800003497.
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SummaryThree cases of akathisia-induced impulsive suicide attempts are reported. In all three cases the patients admitted that the suicidal ideas occurred suddently. The suicidal attempts may be a result of neuroleptic – induced akathisia as they disappeared as soon as the akathisia was treated.
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Freitas, R. Mota, i M. T. Valadas. "Suicidal behaviour in huntington disease". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1560.
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IntroductionHuntington Disease (HD) is a genetic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Its clinical features include motor dysfunction, cognitive impairments, and psychiatric symptoms. The association between HD and suicide is well documented, and the risk of suicide in HD is higher than in patients with other neurological diseases.ObjectivesWe aim to review the literature regarding suicidal behaviour in HD.MethodsWe performed an updated review in the PubMed database using the terms “suicide”, “suicidal behaviour” and “Huntington Disease”. The included articles were selected by title and abstract.ResultsThe most relevant risk factors associated with suicidality in HD are depression, anxiety, and aggression, so the presence of psychiatric diagnoses should be closely monitored. No consistent results have been found regarding gender. Evidence for periods of elevated risk of suicidal behaviour in HD is mixed and the data on specific pharmacological interventions for alleviating suicidal ideation in HD is scarce.ConclusionsPatients with HD are at a high risk for suicide. This risk is further increased when a comorbid psychiatric disorder is present. It is important for the practicing psychiatrist to be aware of this association to correctly manage patients with HD, thus helping prevent suicidal behaviour.
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Fruehwald, Stefan, Teresa Matschnig, Franz Koenig, Peter Bauer i Patrick Frottier. "Suicide in custody". British Journal of Psychiatry 185, nr 6 (grudzień 2004): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.6.494.
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BackgroundFew risk factors and indicators of vulnerability for suicide in custody are known so far.AimsA case-control study was conducted to investigate the relevance of criminal history, psychiatric morbidity and social integration to suicide in prison.MethodFor every suicide that occurred in an Austrian correctional institution between 1975 and 1999, two controls matched for correctional institution, gender, nationality, age, custodial status and time of admission were selected. Psychiatric characteristics, previous suicidal behaviour, criminal history and indicators of social integration were compared.ResultsOf 250 recorded suicides, 220 personal files were available and matched to 440 controls. The most important predictors for suicide in custody were a history of suicidality (status following attempted suicide and suicide threat), psychiatric diagnosis, psychotropic medication, a highly violent index offence and single-cell accommodation.ConclusionsA significant finding is the importance of suicidal behaviour as an indicator of risk of suicide in correctional institutions, which until now has been a matter of debate. This study demonstrates the need for staff to take suicidal behaviour as seriously in custodial settings as in any other circumstances.
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O'Connor, Rory C., i Olivia J. Kirtley. "The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, nr 1754 (16.07.2018): 20170268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0268.
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Suicide is a major public health concern accounting for 800 000 deaths globally each year. Although there have been many advances in understanding suicide risk in recent decades, our ability to predict suicide is no better now than it was 50 years ago. There are many potential explanations for this lack of progress, but the absence, until recently, of comprehensive theoretical models that predict the emergence of suicidal ideation distinct from the transition between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts/suicide is key to this lack of progress. The current article presents the integrated motivational–volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behaviour, one such theoretical model. We propose that defeat and entrapment drive the emergence of suicidal ideation and that a group of factors, entitled volitional moderators (VMs), govern the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behaviour. According to the IMV model, VMs include access to the means of suicide, exposure to suicidal behaviour, capability for suicide (fearlessness about death and increased physical pain tolerance), planning, impulsivity, mental imagery and past suicidal behaviour. In this article, we describe the theoretical origins of the IMV model, the key premises underpinning the model, empirical tests of the model and future research directions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary thanatology: impacts of the dead on the living in humans and other animals'.
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Atkinson, Jo-An, Andrew Page, Mark Heffernan, Geoff McDonnell, Ante Prodan, Bill Campos, Graham Meadows i Ian B. Hickie. "The impact of strengthening mental health services to prevent suicidal behaviour". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, nr 7 (12.12.2018): 642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418817381.
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Objective: Successive suicide prevention frameworks and action plans in Australia and internationally have called for improvements to mental health services and enhancement of workforce capacity. However, there is debate regarding the priorities for resource allocation and the optimal combination of mental health services to best prevent suicidal behaviour. This study investigates the potential impacts of service capacity improvements on the incidence of suicidal behaviour in the Australian context. Methods: A system dynamics model was developed to investigate the optimal combination of (1) secondary (acute) mental health service capacity, (2) non-secondary (non-acute) mental health service capacity and (3) resources to re-engage those lost to services on the incidence of suicidal behaviour over the period 2018–2028 for the Greater Western Sydney (Australia) population catchment. The model captured population and behavioural dynamics and mental health service referral pathways and was validated using population survey and administrative data, evidence syntheses and an expert stakeholder group. Results: Findings suggest that 28% of attempted suicide and 29% of suicides could be averted over the forecast period based on a combination of increases in (1) hospital staffing (with training in trauma-informed care), (2) non-secondary health service capacity, (3) expansion of mental health assessment capacity and (4) re-engagement of at least 45% of individuals lost to services. Reduction in the number of available psychiatric beds by 15% had no substantial impact on the incidence of attempted suicide and suicide over the forecast period. Conclusion: This study suggests that more than one-quarter of suicides and attempted suicides in the Greater Western Sydney population catchment could potentially be averted with a combination of increases to hospital staffing and non-secondary (non-acute) mental health care. Reductions in tertiary care services (e.g. psychiatric hospital beds) in combination with these increases would not adversely affect subsequent incidence of suicidal behaviour.
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Mwania, Jonathan, Walter Owino i Josphert Kimatu. "Attachment Styles as Predictors of Suicidal Behavior in School Going Adolescents". International Journal of Psychology 8, nr 2 (30.07.2023): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijp.2049.
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Purpose: Secondary school students face numerous challenges as they balance academic challenges, parental and peer pressures, emotional issues related to puberty changes and adolescence expectations. They also grapple about not knowing what the future holds in terms of career paths. As a result of these challenges, it is common for adolescents to have suicidal thoughts that may lead to suicide attempts.. Suicide is among the leading cause of death in young people and is prevalent worldwide. Suicidal behavior has been associated with attachment security in studies but few of these studies have been done in Kenyan adolescents. This study filled this gap by investigating whether attachment styles predicted suicidal behavior in students attending secondary schools in Nairobi, Kenya.
Methodology: The study was correlational in design and was based on the attachment theory. Three hundred and sixty seven randomly selected students completed self-report measures consisting of the Attachment Styles Questionnaire and a Suicidal Behavior Scale.
Findings: Results of multiple regression showed that that attachment styles significantly predicted suicidal behavior (F = 36.125, P < .000) and 30% of variance in suicidal behavior was attributed to the attachment styles (R2 = .300). Preoccupied (β = .487, P < .001) and dismissing (β = .122, P = .018) attachment styles predicted suicidal behaviors.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The contribution to knowledge of this paper is that it provides a theoretical and practical contribution on the importance of attachment styles in predicting suicidal behaviours. The results of the study show that attachment security plays an important role in adolescents’ suicide behavior as insecurely attached students have a higher risk of suicide.Basically, the study contributed to a theoretical enhancement of the current level of knowledge on the existing literature on attachment styles and suicidal behaviours, achieved by testing empirically the adolescent behaviour. Therefore, suicide prevention programs should take into account adolescents’ attachment styles.
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Igumnov, Sergey, Sergey Davidovsky, Robert Iskandarov i Olga Iskandarova. "CURRENT CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-HARMING BEHAVIOUR". Health Sciences 31, nr 5 (1.08.2021): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2021.182.
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Several biological risk factors for suicidal and self-harming behaviour have now been identified. The differences relate to changes in key neurotransmitter systems (serotonergic, polyamine stress response, glutamatergic and GABAergic systems), inflammatory response, astroglial dysfunction, neuronal plasticity factor, confirming the need to differentiate between those motivated to commit suicide and those prone to non-suicidal self-harming behaviour from total suicide attempts. Non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour (self-injurious thoughts and behaviours or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)) is defined as repeated, deliberate, direct damage to the body without suicidal intent, which is not socially acceptable. An integrated theoretical model of NSSI development and support suggests that this type of behaviour functions as a method of regulating emotional experience and social interaction when a stressful event occurs. NSSI is currently included in Section 3 of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) and is listed as a condition recommended for further study. The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code NSSI as a symptom of borderline personality disorder. Recent studies have shown that 59.6% of individuals with NSSI show signs of substance abuse. There are concerns that rates of suicide and suicidal behaviour may increase during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Chan, Song, Simon Denny, Theresa Fleming, Sarah Fortune, Roshini Peiris-John i Ben Dyson. "Exposure to suicide behaviour and individual risk of self-harm: Findings from a nationally representative New Zealand high school survey". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, nr 4 (1.06.2017): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417710728.
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Purpose: To examine whether there is an association between students self-reported suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury and exposure to suicidal behaviour among friends, family members or within school communities. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative health and well-being survey of 8500 New Zealand high school students conducted from March through November 2012. Students’ self-reported suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury was examined in relation to student reports of self-harming behaviour among friends and family as well as data from school administrators of completed suicides within the school community. Results: Almost 1 in 20 (4.5%) students reported a suicide attempt in the last 12 months and 7.9% reported repeated non-suicidal self-injury in the last 12 months. The risk of both suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury was highest among females, students from homes with economic deprivation and among students reporting an episode of low mood in the previous 12 months. Students exposed to suicide attempts or completed suicide among friends and/or family members were at increased risk of reporting attempted suicide and repeated non-suicidal self-injury in the last year. There was no association between completed suicide in school community and students self-reported suicide attempts or repeated non-suicidal self-injury. Conclusions: Low mood and exposure to suicide attempts of friends and family members are associated with suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury in New Zealand high school students. This research highlights importance of supporting adolescents with low mood and exposed to suicide of friends and family.
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Wasserman, D., Y. Ben-Efraim, J. Wasserman i M. Sokolowski. "FC13-03 - Stress, suicidal behaviour and genes". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73588-x.
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According to a stress diathesis model, genes and environment, as well as possible interactions in-between (GxE), may result in vulnerability towards suicidal behaviors (SB), characterized by behavioral trigger endophenotypes such as increased depression-intensity and aggression/ anger/ impulsivity. Excessive stress has the potential to induce unfavorable effects in a variety of higher brain-functions, incurred as side effects to maladaptive responses in the genetically controlled stress-responsive neurosystems e.g. in the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA-axis dysregulation is regarded as an endophenotype of depression-, anxiety- and alcohol abuse disorders, commonly found also in suicide behaviors. Various neurobiological alterations, suggesting abnormal HPA-axis activity and reactivity, have also been demonstrated to occur in suicidal behaviors incl. completed suicides. The HPA axis is a major systemic stress-modulator being mainly controlled by the regulatory corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) gene. An overview will be presented of the role of the HPA axis in suicidal behaviors with a focus on CRHR1 gene.
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Tong, Yongsheng, Michael R. Phillips i Kenneth R. Conner. "DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China". British Journal of Psychiatry 209, nr 4 (październik 2016): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.151076.
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BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.
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De Leo, Diego, Benjamin Goodfellow, Morton Silverman, Alan Berman, John Mann, Ella Arensman, Keith Hawton i in. "International study of definitions of English-language terms for suicidal behaviours: a survey exploring preferred terminology". BMJ Open 11, nr 2 (luty 2021): e043409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043409.
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ObjectivesExplore international consensus on nomenclatures of suicidal behaviours and analyse differences in terminology between high-income countries (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignAn online survey of members of the International Organisation for Suicide Prevention (IASP) used multiple-choice questions and vignettes to assess the four dimensions of the definition of suicidal behaviour: outcome, intent, knowledge and agency.SettingInternational.ParticipantsRespondents included 126 individuals, 37 from 30 LMICs and 89 from 33 HICs. They included 40 IASP national representatives (65% response rate), IASP regular members (20% response rate) and six respondents from six additional countries identified by other organisations.Outcome measuresDefinitions of English-language terms for suicidal behaviours.ResultsThe recommended definition of ‘suicide’ describes a fatal act initiated and carried out by the actors themselves. The definition of ‘suicide attempt’ was restricted to non-fatal acts with intent to die, whereas definition of ‘self-harm’ more broadly referred to acts with varying motives, including the wish to die. Almost all respondents agreed about the definitions of ‘suicidal ideation’, ‘death wishes’ and ‘suicide plan’. ‘Aborted suicide attempt’ and ‘interrupted suicide attempt’ were not considered components of ‘preparatory suicidal behaviour’. There were several differences between representatives from HICs and LMICs.ConclusionThis international opinion survey provided the basis for developing a transcultural nomenclature of suicidal behaviour. Future developments of this nomenclature should be tested in larger samples of professionals, including LMICs may be a challenge.
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Richardson, Thomas. "Suicide in older adults: Risk factors, interventions and clinical considerations". FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People 1, nr 122 (styczeń 2013): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpop.2013.1.122.32.
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Suicide represents one of the main causes of death globally, with nearly a million suicides a year (WHO, 2002). This paper will review recent research on the epidemiology of suicidal behaviour and suicidal ideation in older adults, focusing on risk factors and resulting clinical implications. Unless specified otherwise all of the research discussed here relates specifically to older adults.
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KAWECKI, ANDRZEJ. "SUICIDES IN POLAND — ETIOLOGY AND SCALE OF THE PHENOMENON IN 2008–2018". PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 136, nr 4 (17.04.2020): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1137.
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For many years, suicides have been the most tragic manifestation of social and personality disintegration in Poland and abroad. Suicide is a subject of interest for psychologists, psychiatrists, pedagogues, sociologists, philosophers, theologians, doctors, and criminologists. The article presents a statistical analysis of suicide attempts based on data from the National Police Headquarters conducted in this fi eld in 2008-2018. In this context, it presents the causes and effects of suicidal behaviour. The analysis of social groups of high suicidal risk, reasons, methods and location of suicide attempts, marital status, and education of suicides are also presented.
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Vinogradova, V. V., A. Kivite-Urtane, J. Vrublevska i E. Rancans. "Prevalence of suicidal behaviours and its correlates in latvian general population: 2019-2020". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S591—S592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1578.
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IntroductionSuicide is a challanging problem for a global public health and Latvia remains in the list of European countries with the highest rates of suicide deaths. Information about the epidemiology of suicidal behavior is required for suicide prevention strategy development.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts) and associated factors in Latvian general population.MethodsComputer assisted face-to-face interviews were carried out between November 2019 and March 2020 to gather information on a representative sample of the Latvian adult population (n=2687). The study sample was selected using a stratified random sampling method. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI; version 7.0.2) was used to assess suicidality. Multinomial logistic regression was applied.ResultsThere were 1238 males (46.1%) and 1449 females (53.9%) recruited. Mean age of respondents was 49.9 (SD 18.2). According to the MINI, 10.6% (n=285) of respondents reported at least some level of suicidal behaviour during the last month before interview and 7.1% (n=191) had shown current suicidal behaviour at the moment of interview, 4.0% (n=108) of respondents reported about previous suicide attempts. Non-cohabitation status, unfinished primary education and economical inactivity were statistically significant associated factors for suicidal behaviour among men, but only lower level of education was for women.ConclusionsComprehensive national suicide prevention strategy is required for reducing suicidality in Latvia. Special attention should be paid to women with lower education, and economically inactive, unmarried or non-cohabitant men, as well as man with unfinished primary education.
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Untu, I., N. Cartas, M. Mutică, B. A. Ciubară, A. Ciubară i C. Roxana. "Predictors of suicidal behaviour persistence and recurrence". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzec 2016): S606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2268.
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IntroductionSuicidal behaviour represents a global public health issues; personal suicidal history is the most common predictor of the persistence and recurrence of suicidal ideation and behaviour in general.ObjectiveThis paper proposes to elaborate a synthesis of the scientific literature, concerning the main predictive factors of the persistence and recurrence of suicidal behaviour, considering that the current diagnostic criteria available fail to make a distinction and to specify clearly the differences between all psychiatric disorders without self-harming behaviour and the same nosological entity accompanied by suicidal behaviour.Materials and methodsI conducted a literature review, by analyzing the data concerning the predictors of the persistence and recurrence of self-harming behaviour, obtained from articles published between January 2013 and January 2015. I browsed the PubMed website, by keywords such as suicide, suicidal risk, suicide predictor, persistent suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviour recurrence.ResultsThe scientific literature underscores that that entrapment and defeat are two elements often neglected; however, they should be a priority criterion, alongside traditional predictive factors, such as the following: gender, age, history of suicide attempts, socio-familial status, etc. All of these factors must be considered within the complex endeavour of assessing suicidal risk. However, there is still only scarce validated data concerning the mechanism that leads to entrapment and the one that determines its relation with self-harming behaviour.ConclusionsThis paper proposes to synthesize the current data concerning suicide predictors, in order to obtain new research assumptions. The final purpose is to develop proper preventive and therapeutic approaches.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Geulayov, G., D. Gunnell, T. L. Holmen i C. Metcalfe. "The association of parental fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviour with offspring suicidal behaviour and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Psychological Medicine 42, nr 8 (1.12.2011): 1567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002753.
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BackgroundChildren whose parents die by, or attempt, suicide are believed to be at greater risk of suicidal behaviours and affective disorders. We systematically reviewed the literature on these associations and, using meta-analysis, estimated the strength of associations as well as investigated potential effect modifiers (parental and offspring gender, offspring age).MethodWe comprehensively searched the literature (Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science), finding 28 articles that met our inclusion criteria, 14 of which contributed to the meta-analysis. Crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were pooled using fixed-effects models.ResultsControlling for relevant confounders, offspring whose parents died by suicide were more likely than offspring of two living parents to die by suicide [aOR 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54–2.45] but there were heterogeneous findings in the two studies investigating the impact on offspring suicide attempt (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 0.73–2.35). Children whose parents attempted suicide were at increased risk of attempted suicide (aOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.48–2.57). Limited evidence indicated that exposure to parental death by suicide is associated with subsequent risk of affective disorders. Maternal suicidal behaviour and younger age at exposure were associated with larger effect estimates but there was no evidence that the association differed in sons versus daughters.ConclusionsParental suicidal behaviour is associated with increased risk of offspring suicidal behaviour. Findings suggest that maternal suicidal behaviour is a more potent risk factor than paternal, and that children are more vulnerable than adolescents and adults. However, there is no evidence of a stronger association in either male or female offspring.
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Sarfo, Jacob Owusu, Mustapha Amoadu, Paul Obeng, Newton Isaac Gbordzoe, Timothy Pritchard Debrah, Crescens Osei Bonsu Ofori i John Elvis Hagan. "Suicidal Behaviour among School-Going Adolescents in Saint Lucia: Analysis of Prevalence and Associated Factors". Behavioral Sciences 13, nr 7 (27.06.2023): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13070535.
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Suicide poses a debilitating threat to adolescents’ lives worldwide. Although suicide prevention efforts are evident globally, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and correlations of suicidal behaviour among school-going adolescents in Saint Lucia. We used a dataset from the 2018 Global School-based Student Health Survey to examine the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among 1864 students from schools in Saint Lucia. Prevalence rates of 25.5%, 22.1%, and 17.5% were found for suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt, respectively. After adjusting for other factors, being male and having understanding parents were protective against suicidal behaviour. However, suicidal ideation was predicted by being physically attacked and bullied, parental/guidance tobacco use, loneliness, and worry. Moreover, being a victim of physical attacks and bullying, having close friends, being lonely, and worrying were predictive of making suicidal plans among adolescents. Attempting suicide was predicted by cigarette smoking, current use of tobacco and related products, bullying, having close friends, being lonely, and worrying. School-based preventive interventions are required to help address triggers of suicidal behaviour among adolescents in Saint Lucia and to help attain the targets for suicide prevention in the global Sustainable Development Goals.
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de Leo, Diego, i Travis Heller. "Social Modeling in the Transmission of Suicidality". Crisis 29, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.1.11.
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Abstract. Evidence from twin, adoption, and family studies suggests that there is strong aggregation of suicidal behaviors in some families. By comparison, the role of social modeling through peers has yet to be convincingly established. This paper uses data from four large studies (the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour, the WHO/SUPRE-MISS, the CASE study, and the Queensland Suicide Register) to compare the effects of exposure to fatal and nonfatal suicidal behavior in family members and nonfamilial associates on the subsequent suicidal behavior of male and female respondents of different ages. Across all studies, we found that prior suicidal behaviors among respondents' social groups were more important predictors of suicidal behavior in the respondents themselves than previous research had indicated. Community-based suicide attempters in the WHO SUPRE-MISS had higher rates of exposure to prior suicide in nonfamilial associates than in family members. In an adolescent population, exposure to prior fatal suicidal behavior did not predict deliberate self-harm when exposure to nonfatal suicidal behavior (both familial and social) were controlled for, but exposure to nonfatal suicidal behaviors in family and friends was predictive of deliberate self-harm and suicide ideation, even after controlling for exposure to fatal suicidal behavior. The potential impact of “containment” of information regarding suicidal behaviors as a prevention initiative is discussed, in light of information behavior principles of social marketing.
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Bertelsen, Mette, Pia Jeppesen, Lone Petersen, Anne Thorup, Johan ⊘hlenschlæger, Phuong Le Quach, Torben Østergaard Christensen, Gertrud Krarup, Per J⊘rgensen i Merete Nordentoft. "Suicidal behaviour and mortality in first-episode psychosis: the OPUS trial". British Journal of Psychiatry 191, S51 (grudzień 2007): s140—s146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s140.
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BackgroundThose with first-episode psychosis are at high-risk of suicideAimsTo identify predictive factors for suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts, and to investigate the rate of suicides and other deaths during the 5 years after first diagnosis and initiation of treatmentMethodA longitudinal, prospective, 5-year follow-up study of 547 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. Individuals presenting for their first treatment in mental health services in two circumscribed urban areas in Denmark were included in a randomised controlled trial of integrated v. standard treatment. All participants were followed in the Danish Cause of Death Register for 5 years. Suicidal behaviour and clinical and social status were assessed using validated interviews and rating scales at entry, and at 1- and 2-year follow-upsResultsSixteen participants died during the follow-up. We found a strong association between suicidal thoughts, plans and previous attempts, depressive and psychotic symptoms and young age, and with suicidal plans and attempts at 1- and 2-year follow-upConclusionsIn this first-episode cohort depressive and psychotic symptoms, especially hallucinations, predicted suicidal plans and attempts, and persistent suicidal behaviour and ideation were associated with high risk of attempted suicide
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Drake, Robert E., Charlene Gates i Paul G. Cotton. "Suicide Among Schizophrenies: A Comparison of Attempters and Completed Suicides". British Journal of Psychiatry 149, nr 6 (grudzień 1986): 784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.6.784.
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Schizophrenies who completed suicide were compared with those who made suicide attempts, on the basis of blind ratings of previous hospital records and follow-up interviews with treating clinicians. Results indicated that the two groups were relatively distinct. Suicides tended to live alone and to feel depressed, hopeless, worthless, and suicidal. Attempters, on the other hand, lived with their families or others and were less likely to manifest several features of depression during a period in hospital. In evaluating suicide potential among schizophrenics, living situation and mental state changes indicating depression, suicidal intent, worthlessness, and hopeiessness are more important than a history of suicidal behaviour.
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Clements, Caroline, Navneet Kapur, Steven H. Jones, Richard Morriss i Sarah Peters. "Qualitative investigation of relatives’ and service users’ experience of mental healthcare for suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder". BMJ Open 9, nr 11 (listopad 2019): e030335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030335.
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ObjectivePeople with bipolar disorder are known to be at high risk of engaging in suicidal behaviours, and those who die by suicide have often been in recent contact with mental health services. The objective of this study was to explore suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder and how this is monitored and managed by mental health services.AimsTo identify themes within relatives’ and service users’ accounts of mental healthcare, related to management and prevention of suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder.DesignThematic analysis of 22 semistructured interviews.ParticipantsParticipants were aged 18 years or over, fluent in written and spoken English, and either had bipolar disorder with a history of suicidal behaviour, or were relatives of people with bipolar disorder who had died by suicide.SettingEngland, UK.Primary outcomeThemes identified from participants’ accounts of mental healthcare for suicidal behaviours in bipolar disorder.ResultsTwo main themes were identified. ‘Access to care’ was characterised by a series or cycle of potential barriers to care (eg, gate-keepers, lack of an accurate diagnosis) which had the potential to increase risk of suicidal behaviour if failure to access care continued over time. ‘Problems with communication’ captured the importance of maintaining open routes of communication between all parties involved in care to ensure successful monitoring and management of suicidal behaviours in bipolar disorder.ConclusionsMental health services need to be accessible and respond rapidly to people with suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder. Open communication and inclusion of relatives in care, where appropriate, could help closer monitoring of changes in symptoms that indicate increased risk.
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Lamont-Mills, Andrea, Luke T. Bayliss i Steven A. Christensen. "Online suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours talk: A scoping review protocol". PLOS ONE 17, nr 10 (27.10.2022): e0276776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276776.
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The anonymity that the internet and social media affords users means that suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours can be talked about with a sense of freedom and disinhibition that is often not possible in face-to-face contexts. Better understanding online suicidal thoughts and/or behaviour talk is critical as more people turn to online spaces for support. Without this the potentiality of such spaces as sites for suicide prevention and intervention is likely to remain unrealised. Currently there are no scoping or systematic review syntheses focusing on internet and/or on social media suicidal thoughts and/or behaviour talk. This lack of synthesis is problematic as it makes it more difficult for online suicide prevention and intervention practices, policies, and our understanding of suicide to advance in a coherent and evidence-based manner. A scoping review protocol following Arksey and O’Malley’s six-step modified framework has been developed to address this synthesis gap. It aims to systematically map the empirical literature that has investigated online suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours talk. It is anticipated that review outcomes could inform the training of health practitioners and peer/professional online moderators in how to best talk with people experiencing suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours. Outcomes could also form an evidence-base for developing policies and practices that focus on online places as safe spaces to talk about suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours. Developers of safe language guidelines could also use the outcomes to audit how well current guidelines reflect empirical evidence. Outcomes could enable researchers to design future online suicidal thoughts and/behaviours talk studies that extend our understandings of suicide leading to potential refinements of contemporary suicide theories/models.
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Fruehwald, Stefan, Patrick Frottier, Teresa Matschnig i Reinhard Eher. "The relevance of suicidal behaviour in jail and prison suicides". European Psychiatry 18, nr 4 (czerwiec 2003): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(03)00064-6.
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AbstractPurposeSuicide rates in correctional institutions have been increasing during the last decades. There has been little interest in whether suicidal ideation and intent has been documented by non-medical prison staff (reports of attempted suicide, suicide threats, self-harm), and whether these signs of suicidality had the consequence of adequate intervention efforts.MethodsThe personal files of inmates who committed suicide in the 29 Austrian jails and prisons during the last 25 years (1975–1999) were included. We analysed personal characteristics, criminological data, circumstances of custody and information about psychiatric disorders and treatment.ResultsOf a total of 250 suicides, 220 personal files were available and included. Suicide attempts were known in 50% of all suicides and 37% had expressed suicidality. In >20%, non-medical staff had documented signs of suicidality, but no further preventive action (e.g. referral to psychiatric care) had taken place.ConclusionsSigns of suicidality play an important role in vulnerability profiles for jail and prison suicides and should have the minimal consequence of further psychiatric care.
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Walsh, Elizabeth, Kate Harvey, Ian White, Anna Higgitt, Janelle Fraser i Robin Murray. "Suicidal behaviour in psychosis: Prevalence and predictors from a randomised controlled trial of case management". British Journal of Psychiatry 178, nr 3 (marzec 2001): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.3.255.
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BackgroundIt is unclear whether intensive case management influences the prevalence of suicidal behaviour in patients with psychosis.AimsTo compare the effect of intensive case management and standard care on prevalence of suicidal behaviour in patients with chronic psychosis.MethodPatients with established psychosis (n=708) were randomised either to intensive case management or to standard care. The prevalence of suicidal behaviour was estimated at 2-year follow-up and compared between treatment groups. Suicide attempters and non-attempters were compared on multiple socio-demographic and clinical variables to identify predictors of suicidal behaviour.ResultsThere was no significant difference in prevalence of suicidal behaviour between treatment groups. Recent attempts at suicide and multiple recent hospital admissions best predicted future attempts.ConclusionsIntensive case management does not appear to influence the prevalence of suicidal behaviour in chronic psychosis. Predictors identified in this study confirm some previous findings.
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Liu, X. C., H. Chen, Z. Z. Liu, J. Y. Wang i C. X. Jia. "Prevalence of suicidal behaviour and associated factors in a large sample of Chinese adolescents". Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28, nr 03 (12.10.2017): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000488.
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Aims.Suicidal behaviour is prevalent among adolescents and is a significant predictor of future suicide attempts (SAs) and suicide death. Data on the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents are limited. This study was aimed to examine the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of suicidal behaviour, including suicidal thought (ST), suicide plan (SP) and SA, in a large sample of Chinese adolescents.Method.This report represents the first wave data of an ongoing longitudinal study, Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort. Participants included 11 831 adolescent students from three counties of Shandong, China. The mean age of participants was 15.0 (s.d. = 1.5) and 51% were boys. In November–December 2015, participants completed a structured adolescent health questionnaire, including ST, SP and SA, characteristics of most recent SA, demographics, substance use, hopelessness, impulsivity and internalising and externalising behavioural problems.Results.The lifetime and last-year prevalence rates were 17.6 and 10.7% for ST in males, 23.5 and 14.7% for ST in females, 8.9 and 2.9% for SP in males, 10.7 and 3.8% for SP in females, 3.4 and 1.3% for SA in males, and 4.6 and 1.8% for SA in females, respectively. The mean age of first SA was 12–13 years. Stabbing/cutting was the most common method to attempt suicide. Approximately 24% of male attempters and 16% of female attempters were medically treated. More than 70% of attempters had no preparatory action. Female gender, smoking, drinking, internalising and externalising problems, hopelessness, suicidal history of friends and acquaintances, poor family economic status and poor parental relationship were all significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviour.Conclusions.Suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents is prevalent but less than that previously reported in Western peers. While females are more likely to attempt suicide, males are more likely to use lethal methods. Multiple child and family factors are associated with suicidal behaviour. These findings highlight the importance of early screening and intervention of suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents.
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Sedlar, N., L. Sprah, S. Rosker, H. Jericek Klanscek i M. Dernovsek. "Risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents from European countries with different suicidal rates: The possible role of cross-cultural differences". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73317-x.
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IntroductionAdolescence is a time of developmental shifts that may leave young people especially vulnerable to suicidal behaviour. Suicidal rates in different European countries differ, which may be due to many factors, including cross-cultural differences.AimsWe aimed to explore differences in risk factors for suicidal behaviour (poor subjective health and low life satisfaction, health-related behaviours, including alcohol drinking habits, family and peer factors) between European countries with different suicidal rates.MethodsThe data were collected through questionnaires in the survey ‘Health Behaviour in School-aged Children’, 2005/2006, using nationally representative samples of 15 year old students (N = 11,093) from 7 countries (Lithuania, Finland, Ireland, Slovenia, Norway, Italy, Greece).ResultsPrincipal component analyses were used to characterize how selected risk factors for suicide cluster together into factors. Differences for these factors were compared between 3 groups of countries: countries with low, average and high magnitude of suicidal rates (SDR; suicide death rate per 100 000, 15–29 years). Between group differences on first two factors, loaded by items measuring health-related behaviours, were significant and medium-sized and indicated cultural differences in alcohol use. Youth from Northern European countries - with high SDR, reported greater number of drunkenness occasions, whereas frequency of alcohol intake was greater for youth from Southern European countries - with low SDR.ConclusionsResults indicated a possible association of suicidal behaviour and different drinking cultures, arising from different geographical locations and socio-cultural environments. Therefore research and preventive measures should consider specific socio-cultural context.
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Bruffaerts, Ronny, Koen Demyttenaere, Guilherme Borges, Josep Maria Haro, Wai Tat Chiu, Irving Hwang, Elie G. Karam i in. "Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour". British Journal of Psychiatry 197, nr 1 (lipiec 2010): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074716.
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BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, but the precise effect of childhood adversities as risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour (suicide ideation, plans and attempts) are not well understood.AimsTo examine the associations between childhood adversities as risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour across 21 countries worldwide.MethodRespondents from nationally representative samples (η = 55 299) were interviewed regarding childhood adversities that occurred before the age of 18 years and lifetime suicidal behaviour.ResultsChildhood adversities were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt and ideation in both bivariate and multivariate models (odds ratio range 1.2–5.7). The risk increased with the number of adversities experienced, but at a decreasing rate. Sexual and physical abuse were consistently the strongest risk factors for both the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour, especially during adolescence. Associations remained similar after additional adjustment for respondents' lifetime mental disorder status.ConclusionsChildhood adversities (especially intrusive or aggressive adversities) are powerful predictors of the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviours.
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Ross, Virginia, Anoop Sankaranarayanan, Terry J. Lewin i Mick Hunter. "Mental health workers’ views about their suicide prevention role". Psychology, Community & Health 5, nr 1 (24.03.2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/pch.v5i1.174.
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AimMental Health workers bear responsibility for preventing suicide in their client group. Survey studies have indicated that staff can be seriously adversely affected when a client suicides. The aim of the current study is to describe and evaluate the effects on mental health (MH) workers of their ongoing role in managing suicidal behaviours and to identify the thoughts and feelings associated with this role.MethodA survey was administered to 135 MH workers via an on-line self-report vehicle. The survey comprised standardised measures of anxiety and burnout as well as a questionnaire developed for this study concerning perceptions and attitudes to suicide and suicide prevention.ResultsFactor analysis of 12 retained items of the questionnaire identified three factors: 1) preventability beliefs (beliefs about suicide being always and/or permanently preventable); 2) associated distress (stress/anxiety about managing suicidal behaviour); and 3) the prevention role (covering views about personal roles and responsibilities in preventing suicidal behaviours). Analysis of these factors found that many MH workers experience an elevation of stress/anxiety in relation to their role in managing suicidal behaviours. This distress was associated with the emotional exhaustion component of burnout. Measures showed adverse responses were higher for outpatient than inpatient workers; for those who had received generic training in suicide prevention: and for those who had experienced a workplace related client suicide.ConclusionThere is a need for the development of appropriate self-care strategies to alleviate stress in MH workers exposed to suicide.
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Høilo Granheim, Ida Pauline, Siv Kvernmo, Anne Silviken i Christina Viskum Lytken Larsen. "The association between suicidal behaviour and violence, sexual abuse, and parental substance abuse among Sami and Greenlandic adolescents: the WBYG study and the NAAHS". Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology 11, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjcapp-2023-0002.
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Abstract Background For young Indigenous people, suicide is one of the leading causes of death, and high rates in Arctic areas indicate serious health and societal concerns. More knowledge is needed, as suicidal behaviour predicts later death by suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts and negative life events, including violence, sexual abuse, and parental substance abuse, in Sami and Greenlandic adolescents, within and between groups and gender. Method Working samples included 442 Sami and 399 Greenlandic Inuit (15–16-year-olds), in The Norwegian Arctic Adolescent Health Study (NAAHS) and the Well-Being among Youth in Greenland (WBYG) study. Multivariable logistic regression explored associations between suicidal behaviour and violence, sexual abuse, and parental substance abuse. Results Across Indigenous groups, suicidal thoughts and attempts were significantly associated with violence and sexual abuse. The association between suicidal behaviour; especially suicidal thoughts, and sexual abuse was significant and strong among Sami females. Sami and Inuit adolescents with a history of childhood violence reported significantly more suicide attempts; the strongest association was found among Sami males. Conclusion To Sami and Greenlandic Inuit, the experiences of negative life events, such as violence or sexual abuse are significant risk factors for suicidal behaviour. Public health programmes and prevention strategies targeting youth mental health and suicide should be culturally sensitive and sensitive to gender differences in the association between negative life events and suicidal behaviour.