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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Sugawa metrics"
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Fontanelli, Mariane, Lais Batista, Marcelo Rogero, Renata Micha, Dariush Mozaffarian, Regina Fisberg i Flavia Sarti. "Comparison of Different Approaches to Assess Carbohydrate Quality of Grain Foods: Glycemic Index Versus Carbohydrate Metrics". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (czerwiec 2022): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac059.010.
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Abstract Objectives Carbohydrate quality remains a concept under development in the field of Nutrition, and different methods have been proposed to assess healthfulness of carbohydrate-providing foods. The study investigated the relationships between carbohydrate metrics and glycemic index (GI) of grain foods. Methods The investigation was based on data from the population-based study 2015 Health Survey of Sao Paulo, including a probabilistic sample of residents in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Foods reported by 1741 participants in 24 h recalls were categorized according to USDA food groups, and grain foods were identified using the grain products group. The following metrics were applied per 10 g of carbohydrate: 1) ≥1 g fiber (10:1), 2) ≥1 g fiber and <1 g free sugars (10:1:1), 3) ≥1 g fiber and <2g free sugars (10:1:2); and 4) ≥1 g fiber and per 1 g of fiber < 2 g free sugars (10:1|1:2). We used kappa statistics to assess agreement between metrics, Mann-Whitney test to compare GI values (glucose reference) across metrics, and chi-squared test to compare proportions of foods meeting the metrics and GI categories. Results A total of 244 grain foods were identified and the highest number of foods met the 10:1 (15.6%), followed by 10:1|1:2 (13.1%), 10:1:2 (12.3%), and 10:1:1 (9.8%) [kappa = 0.86]. The median (IQR) GI of grain foods was 66.6 (5.4), and foods meeting the 10:1 had lower median GI than those not meeting this metric (61.4 vs 66.8, P = 0.043), as well as grain foods meeting the 10:1:1 (50.7 vs 66.7, P = 0.020). Grain foods were classified in low (13.9%), medium (70.9%), and high GI (15.2%). The highest proportion of low GI foods was identified by the 10:1:1 (54.2%), followed by 10:1|1:2 (46.9%), 10:1:2 (43.3%) and 10:1 (42.1%), and foods not meeting the metrics identified 9.7%−10.7%. Regarding high GI foods, the highest proportion was identified by the 10:1:2 (36.7%), 10:1|1:2 (34.4%), 10:1 (28.9%), and 10:1:1(25%), while foods not meeting the metrics identified 12.3–14.1%. Conclusions The 10:1 and 10:1:1 metrics identified lower GI grain foods, although a higher proportion of high GI foods was observed among foods meeting the metrics, especially the 10:1:2 and the 10:1|1:2. Considering the perspective of postprandial glycemic response, findings support the use of the 10:1 and 10:1:1 to identify higher carbohydrate-quality grain foods. Funding Sources São Paulo Research Foundation.
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Comerford, Kevin B., Yanni Papanikolaou, Julie Miller Jones, Judith Rodriguez, Joanne Slavin, Siddhartha Angadi i Adam Drewnowski. "Toward an Evidence-Based Definition and Classification of Carbohydrate Food Quality: An Expert Panel Report". Nutrients 13, nr 8 (31.07.2021): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082667.
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Carbohydrate-containing crops provide the bulk of dietary energy worldwide. In addition to their various carbohydrate forms (sugars, starches, fibers) and ratios, these foods may also contain varying amounts and combinations of proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, prebiotics, and anti-nutritional factors that may impact diet quality and health. Currently, there is no standardized or unified way to assess the quality of carbohydrate foods for the overall purpose of improving diet quality and health outcomes, creating an urgent need for the development of metrics and tools to better define and classify high-quality carbohydrate foods. The present report is based on a series of expert panel meetings and a scoping review of the literature focused on carbohydrate quality indicators and metrics produced over the last 10 years. The report outlines various approaches to assessing food quality, and proposes next steps and principles for developing improved metrics for assessing carbohydrate food quality. The expert panel concluded that a composite metric based on nutrient profiling methods featuring inputs such as carbohydrate–fiber–sugar ratios, micronutrients, and/or food group classification could provide useful and informative measures for guiding researchers, policymakers, industry, and consumers towards a better understanding of carbohydrate food quality and overall healthier diets. The identification of higher quality carbohydrate foods could improve evidence-based public health policies and programming—such as the 2025–2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
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Drewnowski, Adam. "Nutrient density: addressing the challenge of obesity". British Journal of Nutrition 120, s1 (30.10.2017): S8—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002240.
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AbstractObesity rates are increasing worldwide. Potential reasons include excessive consumption of sugary beverages and energy-dense foods instead of more nutrient-rich options. On a per kJ basis, energy-dense grains, added sugars and fats cost less, whereas lean meats, seafood, leafy greens and whole fruit generally cost more. Given that consumer food choices are often driven by price, the observed social inequities in diet quality and health can be explained, in part, by nutrition economics. Achieving a nutrient-rich diet at an affordable cost has become progressively more difficult within the constraints of global food supply. However, given the necessary metrics and educational tools, it may be possible to eat better for less. New metrics of nutrient density help consumers identify foods, processed and unprocessed, that are nutrient-rich, affordable and appealing. Affordability metrics, created by adding food prices to food composition data, permit calculations of both kJ and nutrients per penny, allowing for new studies on the economic drivers of food choice. Merging dietary intake data with local or national food prices permits the estimation of individual-level diet costs. New metrics of nutrient balance can help identify those food patterns that provide optimal nutritional value. Behavioural factors, including cooking at home, have been associated with nutrition resilience, defined as healthier diets at lower cost. Studies of the energy and nutrient costs of the global food supply and diverse food patterns will permit a better understanding of the socioeconomic determinants of health. Dietary advice ought to be accompanied by economic feasibility studies.
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Tan, Denise, Andrea Nicole Olden, Audrey Orengo, Célia Francey, Vanessa Caroline Campos, Flavia Fayet-Moore, Jung Eun Kim i Kim-Anne Lê. "An Assessment of Three Carbohydrate Metrics of Nutritional Quality for Packaged Foods and Beverages in Australia and Southeast Asia". Nutrients 12, nr 9 (11.09.2020): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092771.
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Carbohydrate quality is an aetiological factor of diet-related disease. Indices of carbohydrate quality featuring various ratios of carbohydrates-to-dietary fibre-to-sugar have been associated with improved product and/or diet quality in westernised countries. Carbohydrate intake is especially high in Asia Pacific. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of such carbohydrate metrics to discriminate the nutritional quality of carbohydrate-rich packaged foods and beverages in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines, with an additional focus on beverages. This evaluation was conducted by comparing product nutritional composition and assessing products against three national nutrient profiling models. Results showed that Australia had the highest proportion of products meeting all metrics, compared to the Southeast Asian countries. Beverages had a low adherence to all metrics compared to solid foods. Across the five countries, both processed food and beverages meeting the metrics generally contained higher dietary fibre, protein, and certain vitamins and minerals whilst having lower energy, total sugars, free sugars, trans fat and cholesterol content compared to products not meeting the metrics. The metrics were also aligned with national nutrient profiling models to identify nutritious products. In conclusion, these metrics allowed us to discriminate product nutritional quality in the countries assessed and are applicable to beverages.
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Itoh, Mitsuhiro, i Hiroyasu Satoh. "Information geometry of the space of probability measures and barycenter maps". Sugaku Expositions 34, nr 2 (12.10.2021): 231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/suga/464.
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In this article, we present recent developments of information geometry, namely, geometry of the Fisher metric, dualistic structures, and divergences on the space of probability measures, particularly the theory of geodesics of the Fisher metric. Moreover, we consider several facts concerning the barycenter of probability measures on the ideal boundary of a Hadamard manifold from a viewpoint of the information geometry.
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Blumfield, Michelle, Andrew McConnell, Vanessa Campos, Kim-Anne Lê i Flavia Fayet-Moore. "Carbohydrate Quality Metrics and Their Association with Population Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality in Australia". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29.05.2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_010.
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Abstract Objectives Carbohydrate (CHO) quality is important for health, yet it is unclear how to best define CHO quality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether diets that meet one of three CHO quality ratios, that include a combination of grams of CHO, fiber or free sugars, are associated with improved diet quality in Australia. Methods National data from the 2011–12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were assessed (n = 12,153; age 49.0 ± 16.4y adults, 9.5 ± 5.0y children). Three CHO quality ratios were defined: (i) Simple ratio, 10:1 (10 g CHO: ³1 g fiber); (ii) Modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10 g CHO: ³1 g fiber: £2 g free sugars); and (iii) Dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10 g CHO: ³1 g fiber & £2 g free sugars per 1 g fiber). Participants were defined as having met or not met each ratio in terms of total daily nutrient intakes. Dietary data were collected using a validated Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Nutrient intakes and food group data were compared to Australian Nutrient Reference Values and an Australian Healthy Eating Index (HEIFA-2013). Results Prevalence of ratio adherence was: simple ratio (45%), modified ratio (30%) and dual ratio (36%). After adjusting for energy intake, adults and children who met a ratio reported lower energy intakes, higher fiber and micronutrient intakes, higher HEIFA-2013 scores (adults only) and lower intakes of total sugars, added sugars and sodium (P < .001 for all), compared to those who failed to meet any ratio. Compared to the simple ratio, modified and dual ratios further decreased adult intakes of total sugars (95 g modified, 71 g dual vs 116 g simple; P < .001), added sugars (36 g, 16 g vs 57 g; P < .001) and free sugars (50 g, 26 g vs 72 g; P < .001), and increased HEIFA-2013 scores (56, 59 vs 51; P < .001), with similar findings in children. Conclusions All three CHO quality metrics identified diets with higher nutrient intakes and HEIFA-2013 scores, with the addition of a free sugars constraint resulting in further improvements in diet quality. Utility of a CHO quality metric, based on CHO, fiber and free sugars, may offer a simple, standardized approach to improve total diet quality, which has potential for high public health impact. Funding Sources Nestlé Research.
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Batten, Rahamim, Mukund Karanjikar i Sabrina Spatari. "Bio-Based Polyisoprene Can Mitigate Climate Change and Deforestation in Expanding Rubber Production". Fermentation 7, nr 4 (23.09.2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040204.
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Biomass is a promising renewable feedstock to produce polyisoprene for the rubber industry. Through metabolic engineering, sugars derived from pretreated and hydrolyzed cellulose and hemicellulose can be directly fermented to isoprene to produce rubber. Here we investigate the life cycle environmental impact of isoprene fermentation to produce bio-polyisoprene from agricultural residues (of Zea mays L.). Results show that the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of bio-polyisoprene (−4.59 kg CO2e kg−1) is significantly lower than that of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and synthetic rubber (−0.79 and 2.41 kg CO2e kg−1, respectively), while supporting a circular biogenic carbon economy. We found the land use intensity of bio-polyisoprene to be 0.25 ha metric ton−1, which is 84% lower than that from rubber tree plantations. We compare the direct fermentation to isoprene results with indirect fermentation to isoprene through the intermediate, methyl butyl ether, where dehydration to isoprene is required. The direct fermentation of isoprene reduces reaction steps and unit operations, an expected outcome when employing process intensification, but our results show additional energy conservation and reduced contribution to climate change. Among the ReCiPe life cycle environmental impact metrics evaluated, air emission related impacts are high for bio-polyisoprene compared to those for natural and synthetic rubber. Those impacts can be reduced with air emission controls during production. All other metrics showed an improvement for bio-polyisoprene compared to natural and synthetic rubber.
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Drewnowski, Adam, Matthieu Maillot, Yanni Papanikolaou, Julie Miller Jones, Judith Rodriguez, Joanne Slavin, Siddhartha S. Angadi i Kevin B. Comerford. "A New Carbohydrate Food Quality Scoring System to Reflect Dietary Guidelines: An Expert Panel Report". Nutrients 14, nr 7 (2.04.2022): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071485.
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Existing metrics of carbohydrate food quality have been based, for the most part, on favorable fiber- and free sugar-to-carbohydrate ratios. In these metrics, higher nutritional quality carbohydrate foods are defined as those with >10% fiber and <10% free sugar per 100 g carbohydrate. Although fiber- and sugar-based metrics may help to differentiate the nutritional quality of various types of grain products, they may not aptly capture the nutritional quality of other healthy carbohydrate foods, including beans, legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Carbohydrate food quality metrics need to be applicable across these diverse food groups. This report introduces a new carbohydrate food scoring system known as a Carbohydrate Food Quality Score (CFQS), which supplements the fiber and free sugar components of previous metrics with additional dietary components of public health concern (e.g., sodium, potassium, and whole grains) as identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Two CFQS models are developed and tested in this study: one that includes four dietary components (CFQS-4: fiber, free sugars, sodium, potassium) and one that considers five dietary components (CFQS-5: fiber, free sugars, sodium, potassium, and whole grains). These models are applied to 2596 carbohydrate foods in the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) 2017–2018. Consistent with past studies, the new carbohydrate food scoring system places large percentages of beans, vegetables, and fruits among the top scoring carbohydrate foods. The whole grain component, which only applies to grain foods (N = 1561), identifies ready-to-eat cereals, oatmeal, other cooked cereals, and selected whole grain breads and crackers as higher-quality carbohydrate foods. The new carbohydrate food scoring system shows a high correlation with the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF9.3) index and the Nutri-Score. Metrics of carbohydrate food quality that incorporate whole grains, potassium, and sodium, in addition to sugar and fiber, are strategically aligned with multiple 2020–2025 dietary recommendations and may therefore help with the implementation of present and future dietary guidelines.
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Phillips, Nathan, Andrew Reynolds i Frederick Di Profio. "Nonstructural Carbohydrate Concentrations in Dormant Grapevine Scionwood and Rootstock Impact Propagation Success and Vine Growth". HortTechnology 25, nr 4 (sierpień 2015): 536–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.4.536.
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Objectives of this study were to quantify starch and soluble sugar concentrations in wine grape (Vitis sp.) scionwood and rootstock material, and to examine relationships between carbohydrate (CHO) metrics and both grafting success and shoot growth. CHOs of three wine grape scionwood cultivars [Merlot and Riesling (Vitis vinifera) and Vidal blanc (Vitis sp.)] harvested from four separate vineyards in the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario were analyzed for starch, total CHOs, total sugars, sucrose, monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), and oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose) to determine if CHO differences existed between scionwood cultivar and site, and whether these impacted propagation success when grafted to two different rootstocks [‘3309 Couderc’ (3309) and ‘101-14 Millardet et de Grasset’ (101-14) (V. riparia × V. rupestris)]. Differences in CHOs existed between vineyards for all cultivars, and their relationship with propagation success was most evident with ‘Vidal blanc’. Differences were also observed between sites for some cultivars in terms of grafting success and shoot length of grafted vines. Hot water treatment (HWT) of rootstock increased total sugars, glucose, fructose, and stachyose in 3309, and led to lower starch, total CHOs, and higher sucrose in 101-14 when measured immediately following HWT. At time of grafting, HWT 3309 had lower starch sucrose and raffinose, and higher glucose, fructose, and total sugars compared with non-HWT material, whereas HWT 101-14 contained lower total sugars, raffinose, and sucrose and higher stachyose and glucose. Stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and total sugars in scionwood at time of grafting were correlated with propagation success. However, CHOs at time of scionwood collection in February did not correlate to successful propagation. Relationships between scion viability of all cultivars vs. stachyose and total sugars for both rootstocks suggested a possible relationship between these CHO metrics and propagation success. Differences likewise existed between propagation success on rootstocks 3309 and 101-14 on most occasions with 3309 displaying higher percent scion viability and shoot growth. This may be of particular importance in grafting difficult-to-propagate rootstock cultivars.
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Collins, A., A. Parkin, G. Barr, W. Dong, C. J. Gilmore i C. C. Wilson. "Configurational and conformational classification of pyranose sugars". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, nr 1 (17.01.2008): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768107067341.
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Automated cluster analysis is used to examine the conformation and configuration of pyranose sugars. Previous findings on this issue are confirmed, importantly from an analysis that requires no prior knowledge of the significant factors determining the conformational classification. The findings on the conformations adopted in the crystalline solid state are found to be different to existing quantum chemical calculations performed for D-glucose in the gas phase, but consistent with empirically determined conformations in the solution state. The use of this clustering analysis in studying chirality in the determined structures is discussed, as is the ability of this type of method to examine higher dimensions within the metric multi-dimensional scaling formalism.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Sugawa metrics"
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Witt, Frederik. "Special metric structures and closed forms". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30b7a34b-cc46-4981-aee5-964787c1235e.
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In recent work, N. Hitchin described special geometries in terms of a variational problem for closed generic $p$-forms. In particular, he introduced on 8-manifolds the notion of an integrable $PSU(3)$-structure which is defined by a closed and co-closed 3-form. In this thesis, we first investigate this $PSU(3)$-geometry further. We give necessary conditions for the existence of a topological $PSU(3)$-structure (that is, a reduction of the structure group to $PSU(3)$ acting through its adjoint representation). We derive various obstructions for the existence of a topological reduction to $PSU(3)$. For compact manifolds, we also find sufficient conditions if the $PSU(3)$-structure lifts to an $SU(3)$-structure. We find non-trivial, (compact) examples of integrable $PSU(3)$-structures. Moreover, we give a Riemannian characterisation of topological $PSU(3)$-structures through an invariant spinor valued 1-form and show that the $PSU(3)$-structure is integrable if and only if the spinor valued 1-form is harmonic with respect to the twisted Dirac operator. Secondly, we define new generalisations of integrable $G_2$- and $Spin(7)$-manifolds which can be transformed by the action of both diffeomorphisms and 2-forms. These are defined by special closed even or odd forms. Contraction on the vector bundle $Toplus T^*$ defines an inner product of signature $(n,n)$, and even or odd forms can then be naturally interpreted as spinors for a spin structure on $Toplus T^*$. As such, the special forms we consider induce reductions from $Spin(7,7)$ or $Spin(8,8)$ to a stabiliser subgroup conjugate to $G_2 times G_2$ or $Spin(7) times Spin(7)$. They also induce a natural Riemannian metric for which we can choose a spin structure. Again we state necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such a reduction by means of spinors for a spin structure on $T$. We classify topological $G_2 times G_2$-structures up to vertical homotopy. Forms stabilised by $G_2 times G_2$ are generic and an integrable structure arises as the critical point of a generalised variational principle. We prove that the integrability conditions on forms imply the existence of two linear metric connections whose torsion is skew, closed and adds to 0. In particular we show these integrability conditions to be equivalent to the supersymmetry equations on spinors in supergravity theory of type IIA/B with NS-NS background fields. We explicitly determine the Ricci-tensor and show that over compact manifolds, only trivial solutions exist. Using the variational approach we derive weaker integrability conditions analogous to weak holonomy $G_2$. Examples of generalised $G_2$- and $Spin(7)$ structures are constructed by the device of T-duality.
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Sarkar, Amar Deep. "A Study of Some Conformal Metrics and Invariants on Planar Domains". Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4910.
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The main aim of this thesis is to explain the behaviour of some conformal metrics and invariants
near a smooth boundary point of a domain in the complex plane. We will be interested
in the invariants associated to the Carathéodory metric such as its higher-order curvatures
that were introduced by Burbea and the Aumann-Carathéodory rigidity constant, the Sugawa
metric and the Hurwitz metric. The basic technical step in all these is the method of scaling
the domain near a smooth boundary point.
To estimate the higher-order curvatures using scaling, we generalize an old theorem of
Suita on the real analyticity of the Carathéodory metric on planar domains and in the process,
we show convergence of the Szeg˝o and Garabedian kernels as well. By using similar ideas
we also show that the Aumann-Carathéodory rigidity constant converges to 1 near smooth
boundary points.
Next on the line is a conformal metric defined using holomorphic quadratic differentials.
Thiswas done by T. Sugawa andwe will refer to this as the Sugawa metric. It is shown that
this metric is uniformly comparable to the quasi-hyperbolic metric on a smoothly bounded
domain.
We also study the Hurwitz metric that was introduced by D. Minda. Its construction is
similar to the Kobayashi metric but the essential difference lies in the class of holomorphic
maps that are considered in its definition. We show that this metric is continuous and also
strengthen Minda’s theorem about its comparability with the quasi-hyperbolic metric by estimating
the constants in a more natural manner.
Finally, we get some weak estimates on the generalized upper and lower curvatures of
the Sugawa and Hurwitz metrics.
Części książek na temat "Sugawa metrics"
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"Conversion Tables - Metric to British Units". W Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering, 859–60. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3190-7.50058-1.
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"Conversion Tables - British to Metric Units". W Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering, 861–62. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3190-7.50059-3.
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"Equivalents of Foreign, British and Metric Units". W Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering, 863. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3190-7.50060-x.
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"C3 North America: Output of Sugar (in thousands of metric tons)". W International Historical Statistics, 2392–408. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-30568-8_263.
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"C3 South America: Output of Sugar (in thousands of metric tons)". W International Historical Statistics, 2409–12. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-30568-8_264.
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"C3 North America: Output of Sugar (in thousands of metric tons)". W International Historical Statistics, 2392–408. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137305688_263.
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"C3 South America: Output of Sugar (in thousands of metric tons)". W International Historical Statistics, 2409–12. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137305688_264.
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Kostin, Andrei, Fernando D. Mele i Gonzalo Guillén-Gozálbez. "Multi-objective optimization of integrated bioethanol-sugar supply chains considering different LCA metrics simultaneously". W Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 1276–80. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-54298-4.50034-9.
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Bhargavi, K. "Telemedicine-Based Diabetic Care Powered With Artificial Intelligence". W Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 340–53. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7709-7.ch020.
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Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases which keep increasing at an alarming rate, and the patients need to visit the clinic to routinely check their sugar levels and adjust their treatment plans. Artificial intelligence-enabled telemedicine is found to be a promising approach to monitor the health status of diabetic patients. Some of the promising artificial intelligence technologies for treating diabetic patients are a reactive machine, limited memory, theory of minds, and self-awareness. Each of these techniques is discussed with architecture, characteristics, algorithms, advantages, and applications. Performance analysis is carried out towards the performance metrics like accuracy, medical error rate, speed, and learning rate, and the performance achieved by self-awareness artificial intelligence technique is found to be better in delivering telemedicine-based care for diabetic patients with a very high level of precision and speed of operation.
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"C3 Asia: Sugar Output (Areas in thousand hectares, output in thousand metric tons)". W International Historical Statistics, 444–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-30568-8_45.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Sugawa metrics"
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Hayes, Douglas. "Sustainability aspects of the production and life stages of surfactants". W 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cykq6958.
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Surfactants and detergents are major products in today’s world (36.5 billion USD / 20.9 million metric tons), being employed in laundry and personal care products, pharmaceuticals, foods, paints and coatings, and other industries. Consumers, manufacturers and distributors of surfactants are increasingly interested in sustainability aspects of surfactants. I will provide an overview of surfactants and discuss several aspects pertaining to their sustainability throughout their life stages, including their feedstocks, manufacturing, distribution, employment, and end-of-life. In the context of an oleochemical biorefinery, I will also discuss feedstocks for biobased surfactants, including palm and palm kernel oils, and algal and microbial oils that are an emerging competitors thereof, and several feedstocks for the hydrophilic component of the surfactants, such as glycerol, amino acids, sugars and their derivatives. I will give several examples of green manufacturing principles for surfactants that are currently under development. Finally, I will discuss ecolabels used to certify sustainability for surfactants.
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Taylor, Robert A., Derek Chung, Karl Morrison i Evatt Hawkes. "Modeling and Testing of a Portable Thermal Battery". W ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18147.
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Portable energy storage will be a key challenge if electric vehicles become a large part of our future transportation system. A big limiting factor is vehicle range. Range can be further limited if heating and air conditioning systems are powered by the electric vehicle’s batteries. The use of electricity for HVAC can be minimized if a thermal battery can be substituted as the energy source to provide sufficient cabin heating and cooling. The aim of this project was to model, design, and fabricate a thermal storage battery for electric vehicles. Since cost and weight are the main considerations for a vehicular application — every attempt was made to minimize them in this design. Thus, the final thermal battery consists of a phase change material Erythritol (a sugar alcohol commonly used as artificial sweetener) as the storage medium sealed in an insulated, stainless steel cooking pot. Heat exchange to the thermal battery is accomplished via water (or low viscosity engine oil) which is pushed through a copper coil winding. A CFD model was used to determine the geometry (winding radius and number of coils) and flow conditions necessary to create adequate heat transfer. Testing of the fabricated design indicates that the prototype thermal battery module losses less than 5% per day and can provide enough heat to meet the demand of cruising passenger vehicle for up to 1 hour of full heating on a cold day. Other metrics, such as $/kJ and kJ/kg, are competitive with Lithium ion batteries for our prototype.