Artykuły w czasopismach: „Successive wheat”

1

Milus, E. A. "Survivalof Xanthomonas campestrispv.translucensBetween Successive Wheat Crops in Arkansas". Plant Disease 79, nr 3 (1995): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-79-0263.

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Silva, Gabriela Ghizzi D., i Stéphane Guilbert, Xavier Rouau. "Successive centrifugal grinding and sieving of wheat straw". Powder Technology 208, nr 2 (marzec 2011): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.08.015.

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Brennan, RF, AD Robson i JW Gartrell. "The effect of successive crops of wheat on the availability of copper fertilizers to plants". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 37, nr 2 (1986): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9860115.

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Successive cropping with wheat on an acid sandy loam and a calcareous sand rapidly decreased the availability of applied copper sulfate to wheat plants grown in pots. The amount of copper removed in grain and straw was only approximately 10 per cent of the amount of copper applied. Ammonium oxalate-extractable copper also declined with successive crops. Moreover, the relationship between copper uptake and extractable copper also changed with successive crops. The amount of ammonium oxalate-extractable copper required for maximum growth increased with successive crops from 0.2 to 0.4 8g/g soil on the acid sandy loam and from 0.6 to 0.8 8g/g on the calcareous sand.

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Rodolfo, Giselle R., Clovis A. Souza, Luiz C. Gutkoski i Deivid L. V. Stefen. "Technological Quality of Dual-purpose Wheat Submitted to Successive Defoliations". Journal of Agricultural Science 12, nr 1 (15.12.2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n1p95.

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Defoliation may interfere in the sink-source relationship and influence grain production and the respective technological quality of wheat flour, particularly in cultivars with potential as forage and in subsequent grain production. This study aimed to determine the effects of plant cutting heights and number of cuttings on the technological wheat flour quality of BRS Umbu and BRS Tarumã cultivars. A completely randomized design with four repetitions was used and treatments consisted of a combination of cutting heights (20 and 30 cm) and number of cuttings (no cutting, 1, 2 and 3 cuttings), resulting in the following treatments: 20/1, 20/2, 20/3 30/1, 30/2, 30/3 and controls with no cuttings. Hectoliter weight, grain crude protein, tenacity: extensibility ratio, gluten strength, falling number and wet gluten were measured. Regardless of the cutting height used, and after defoliation, the variables exhibited higher values than in non-defoliated plants, with protein content increasing by 6 and 11.3% for the BRS Tarumã and BRS Umbu cultivars, respectively. As such, it can be inferred that defoliation does not negatively affect the technological quality of wheat flour grown in a dual-purpose system.

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Backhouse, D. "Forecasting the risk of crown rot between successive wheat crops". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, nr 11 (2006): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04189.

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Published data from long-term trials at Moree, New South Wales (1986–1996), and Billa Billa, Queensland (1986–1993), were analysed to determine the factors that influence the incidence of crown rot, caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, in successive stubble-retained, no-till wheat crops and to examine the feasibility of developing a forecasting system for the disease. Polyetic progress of the epidemics could be described by a form of the logistic growth model with a carrying capacity (K) about 5% higher than the maximum recorded incidence at each site. Infection rate between seasons was positively correlated with yield and in-crop rainfall in the previous season, both of which were indicators of biomass. Infection rate was negatively correlated with rainfall parameters during the summer fallows, which were indicators of conditions favouring residue decomposition. In-crop rainfall, stored soil moisture and temperature parameters were not significantly correlated with infection rates. Multiple regressions based on incidence in the previous season, summer rainfall and either yield or in-crop rainfall in the previous season accounted for 65–81% of the variation in disease incidence at Moree and 86% of the variation in incidence at Billa Billa. Simplified parameters for use in on-farm forecasting systems were explored. The most useful of these was the square root of the product of incidence and either yield or in-crop rainfall, which gave sufficiently accurate predictions at each site to estimate the qualitative risk of crown rot in the following crop. This could be used to decide whether management options such as resistant varieties, rotations or burning were required.

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Ikeda, Hajime. "Cumulative Effects of Vernalization Treatment in Successive Generations of Wheat". Ikushugaku zasshi 47, nr 3 (1997): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.47.289.

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Mao, Xiao Dong, Lai Jun Sun, Gang Hao, Lu Lu Xu i Guang Yan Hui. "Neural Networks Calibration Model Optimizing of Wheat Protein Based on Successive Projections Algorithm". Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (wrzesień 2013): 1565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1565.

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In order to reduce computational complexity of modeling and improve the model's robustness and prediction accuracy, successive projections algorithm is used in the Neural Networks calibration modeling of wheat protein. Firstly, the spectral data is pretreated with first-order differential method and SNV method，and then a representative set of calibration samples are selected by SPXY algorithm. Secondly, making use of successive projections algorithm(SPA) to extract sensitive wave points of the original spectrum and the pretreated spectrum, and then the neural networks calibration model of wheat protein is established. The results show that the calibration model based on successive projections algorithm has a fast convergence speed and high accuracy, both of which are better than the calibration model established with the original data. Root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP) and prediction correlation coefficient(r) are 1.3332 and 0.94319 respectively, which can basically complete the grain reserves and the food processing profession division and the breeding preliminary generation.

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Pastori, Gabriela M., Alison Huttly, Jevon West, Caroline Sparks, Alejandro Pieters, Celina M. Luna, Huw D. Jones i Christine H. Foyer. "The maize Activator/Dissociation system is functional in hexaploid wheat through successive generations". Functional Plant Biology 34, nr 9 (2007): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp07112.

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The aim of the present study was to provide useful background information and evidence of the functionality of the maize Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) system in hexaploid wheat. Two transgenic parental wheat lines, one harbouring the immobilised Ac element (iAc) and the other the Ds element (pUbi[Ds-uidA]bar), were crossed. Transient GUS assays confirmed that the iAc transposase is active in hexaploid wheat. Selected F1 and F2 lines were analysed by PCR using primers specific to Ac, uidA and bar genes. The primer pair Ubi/bar-tag was used to detect excision of the Ds-uidA sequence, which occurred at a frequency of 39% in the F1 generation. Lines free of Ac and showing evidence of Ds excision were subject to Southern analysis, which indicated that at least one transposition event might have occurred in these lines. Although more evidence is required to unequivocally support the reintegration of the Ds element in the wheat genome, the evidence presented here nevertheless demonstrates the effectiveness and potential value of using this system to tag genes in wheat.

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Kutlu, Imren, Alpay Balkan, Kayıhan Korkut, Oguz Bilgin i Ismet Baser. "Evaluation of reciprocal cross populations for spike-related traits in early consecutive generations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Genetika 49, nr 2 (2017): 511–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1702511k.

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Breeding effort on increasing grain yield of wheat will incessantly continue because it is indispensable product. Obtaining the genetic information such as genotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance is the fundamental components of these studies. It is important that the maternal effects are put forward throughout successive generations because of genotypic and/or environmental effects as far as variation. This research was conducted to investigate changes of reciprocal crosses throughout successive generations and determine selection criteria for high yield in early generations. For this purpose, the populations were analyzed with regard to genotypic and phenotypic variation coefficient, heritability, genetic advance and Unweighted Pair Group Method (UPGMA) cluster analysis for real crosses, reciprocals and all genotypes separately. According to the results, heritability and genetic advance values of traits investigated were highly varied throughout successive generations among real crosses, reciprocals and all genotypes. This finding indicated that non-additive gen effects or epitasis played a role in inheritance of all traits. Dissimilarity of crosses than their reciprocals indicated variation of successive generation. Dissimilarity value of each parent differed as generation progresses according to combination created. This condition suggested that there were maternal effects in this population throughout successive generations. Grain weight per spike, spike harvest index and spike density had high direct and indirect effects on the grain yield at all of three generations, it proved that these traits can be a selection criterion for early generations. Sana was the best parent and ?Bezostaja x Krasunia? and ?Krasunia x Pehlivan? were best performance in most of traits at all generations.

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Zikeli, Florian, Thomas Ters, Karin Fackler, Ewald Srebotnik i Jiebing Li. "Successive and quantitative fractionation and extensive structural characterization of lignin from wheat straw". Industrial Crops and Products 61 (listopad 2014): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.013.

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Milan, Mirosavljevic, Momcolovic Vojislava, Maksimovic Ivana, Putnik-Delic Marina, Pržulj Novo, Hristov Nikola i Mladenov Novica. "Pre-anthesis development of winter wheat and barley and relationships with grain yield". Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 7 (21.06.2018): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/202/2018-pse.

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The aim of this study was to improve understanding of (1) the effect of genotypic and environmental factors on pre-anthesis development and leaf appearance traits of barley and wheat; (2) the relationship of these factors with grain yield, and (3) the differences between these two crops across different environments/sowing dates. Therefore, trials with six two-row winter barley and six winter wheat cultivars were carried out in two successive growing seasons on four sowing dates. Our study showed that the observed traits varied between species, cultivars and sowing dates. In both growing seasons, biomass at anthesis and grain yield declined almost linearly by delaying the sowing date. There was no clear advantage in grain yield of wheat over barley under conditions of later sowing dates. Generally, barley produced more leaf and had shorter phyllochron than wheat. Both wheat and barley showed a similar relationship between grain yield and different pre-anthesis traits.

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12

Eleftheriou, E. P. "Microtubules and root protophloem ontogeny in wheat". Journal of Cell Science 75, nr 1 (1.04.1985): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.75.1.165.

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Protophloem ontogeny in roots of Triticum aestivum has been investigated ultrastructurally. Each protophloem pole consists of three cells, a protophloem sieve element and two companion cells, all originating from a single precursor cell usually having a pentahedral shape. This protophloem mother cell (PMC) undergoes two successive asymmetrical divisions: the first one gives rise to a smaller cell that will differentiate into a companion cell, and a larger one that divides again asymmetrically yielding another companion cell and a protophloem sieve element. The latter divides once more, but now symmetrically, increasing the number of cells. Both asymmetrical and symmetrical divisions are preceded by preprophase microtubule bands (PMBs), well demarcated by a great number (more than 100 profiles in a single band section) of microtubules (MTs). The plane of a PMB coincides with that of the succeeding cell plate, which fuses with parent walls at sites previously occupied by the PMB. The strict correspondence between PMB and cell plate suggests that a cytokinesis the latter bisects the PMB cortical zone. The possible role of PMB cortical zone in positioning the cell plate and guiding its expanding edges towards predetermined sites is discussed in relation to recent discoveries in other anatomical situations. The plane of PMBs (and hence of divisions) changes from one division to the next, so that the three successive divisions occur in three spatial planes transversely to each other. This change is probably influenced by cell polarity. Prior to each asymmetrical division peri-nuclear MTs were observed besides the MTs of the PMB. They appear before the PMB organization and persist throughout preprophase, but they change their position and orientation in response to the transition from PMB to the spindle organization.

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13

D'Amico, Iván, Mauro Silva, Jorge I. Moriconi, Guillermo E. Santa-María, Carlos T. Bainotti i Facundo Tabbita. "Grain mineral composition of Argentinean-adapted wheat cultivars: a case study". Crop and Pasture Science 72, nr 2 (2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20380.

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Improvement of the nutritional quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been quite challenging, due, in part, to the limited variation found in modern cultivars and the strong effect exerted by the environment, which hinder the selection process. The aim of this study was to characterise the mineral profile of grains of 35 Argentinean-adapted, mostly spring wheat cultivars in two successive years. Concentrations of most mineral nutrients in grains spanned approximately a two-fold range. Our study revealed a strong effect of the environment, but also that some key differences among genotypes are maintained over years. Correlation and principal component analyses showed the existence of a strong and stable association of variables determining the global elemental profile in grains of the wheat lines under analysis. In this regard, some cultivars displayed, over successive years, opposite global patterns of elemental composition, suggesting the existence of a genotype dependent ionome signature. Important negative correlations were found for the concentration of most, but not all, nutrients with yield, thus indicating a potential compromise among beneficial traits. The genotypic variation characterised in the present study has potential to be used in breeding programs aimed at improving wheat grain quality.

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14

Feest, A., i R. Campbell. "The microbiology of soils under successive wheat crops in relation to take-all disease". FEMS Microbiology Letters 38, nr 2 (lipiec 1986): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01957.x.

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Melhim, Almuhanad, Erik J. O'Donoghue i C. Richard Shumway. "What Does Initial Farm Size Imply About Growth and Diversification?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, nr 1 (kwiecień 2009): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002637.

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Recent consolidation in agriculture has shifted production toward fewer but larger farms, reshaping business relationships between farmers, processors, input suppliers, and local communities. We analyze growth and diversification of U.S. corn, wheat, apple, and beef farms by examining longitudinal changes in 10 size cohorts through three successive censuses. We fail to reject Gibrat's law in apple and wheat industries and the mean reversion hypothesis in beef and corn industries. Apple and wheat farms diversify over time. The findings suggest that scale economies diminish for large farms across all four industries and scope economies dominate scale economies for large apple and wheat farms.

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SZUMIŁO, GRZEGORZ, LESZEK RACHOŃ i BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK. "Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat". Agronomy Science 74, nr 1 (30.04.2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/2019.1.1.

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The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

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Bansal, R. L., S. P. Singh i V. K. Nayyar. "The Critical Zinc Deficiency Level and Response to Zinc Application of Wheat on Typic Ustochrepts". Experimental Agriculture 26, nr 3 (lipiec 1990): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018469.

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SUMMARYField experiments at 26 sites, selected on the basis of their varying degrees of zinc deficiency, showed that the critical deficiency levels of zinc for wheat were 0.60 mg kg−1 in the soil and 19 μg g−1 dry matter in 45-day-old plants. Further field trials at nine locations with varying levels of zinc deficiency showed successive increases in the grain yield of wheat with increases in zinc application, emphasizing the need for zinc fertilization when wheat is grown on zinc-deficient soils.

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Sacco, Francisco, Gabriela Tranquilli, Liliana Gorgoschidse i Enrique Suarez. "Aminopeptidase B1: a centromere marker for chromosome 6B of wheat". Genome 35, nr 2 (1.04.1992): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-040.

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Recombination values between the centromere, Amp-B1, and Lr3 were evaluated using a 'Chinese Spring' double-ditelosomic line for chromosome 6B and the euploid variety 'Sinvalocho M.A.'. Recombination was not observed between the centromere and Amp-B1, but between the centromere and Lr3 the value was 52.8 ± 3.74%. A particular progeny during two successive backcross generations showed abnormal behaviour that resulted in a reduced number of recombinants between the centromere and Lr3, probably a consequence of the karyotypic instability of 'Sinvalocho M.A.'.Key words: wheat genetic map, aminopeptidases, rust reaction, centromere marker.

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Malhi, S. S., J. J. Schoenau i C. L. Vera. "Influence of six successive annual applications of sulphur fertilizers on wheat in a wheat–canola rotation on a sulphur deficient soil". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, nr 4 (1.07.2009): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08217.

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A 9-yr (1999–2007) field experiment was conducted on a S-deficient Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) loam soil at Porcupine Plain in northeastern Saskatchewan. The objective was to compare the influence of six successive annual applications (1999–2004) and the following residual effects for 3 yr (2005–2007) of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers on yield, seed protein and total S concentration, and S uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a wheat–canola rotation. Treatments used were combinations of two application times (preceding autumn and before seeding in spring) with two granular elemental S fertilizers (ES-90 and ES-95), one fertilizer containing both elemental S and sulphate-S (Agrium Plus), ammonium sulphate, and a zero-S control. The S fertilizers were applied annually at a rate of 15 kg S ha–1. From 1999 to 2004, seed yield (3 yr) and straw yield (4 yr), seed protein concentration (3 yr), total S concentration in seed (4 yr), and S uptake in seed (5 yr) and straw (5 yr) of wheat showed significant response to S fertilization. In the first year (1999), ammonium sulphate and Agrium Plus were more effective than ES-90 and ES-95. In the following years (2000–2004), there was no significant effect of S source on seed and straw yield. Sulphate-S containing fertilizers produced greater total S concentration in seed and S uptake in straw (3 yr) and for S uptake in seed (1 yr). There was no effect of timing of S application on seed yield and protein concentration in any year, but autumn application was superior to spring application for straw yield and S uptake (1 yr), and for seed total S concentration and S uptake (2 yr). Residual effects of six previous S applications showed improvement in wheat seed yield until 2006, and straw yield and total S uptake until 2007. Elemental S, especially when applied in autumn, tended to have more lasting residual effects than the other S fertilizer treatments. There was some build-up of residual sulphate-S in soil in almost all S fertilizer treatments after four successive applications, but this was generally higher with sulphate-S-containing fertilizers. Recovery of applied S from 1999 to 2004 in plants was usually higher with sulphate-S fertilizer than with elemental S fertilizer in most years. Recovery of applied S in soil was higher for sulphate-S fertilizers, followed by ES-90, and finally ES-95. Residual nitrate-N in soil was significantly lower in spring-applied ammonium sulphate treatment than the zero-S or other S treatments. Key words: Elemental S, fertilizer, protein concentration, S uptake, sulphate-S, wheat, yield

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Merah, Othmane, i Zephirin Mouloungui. "Tetraploid Wheats: Valuable Source of Phytosterols and Phytostanols". Agronomy 9, nr 4 (19.04.2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040201.

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Phytosterols are known as healthy compounds obtained mainly from oilseed crops. Cereals were also studied for their sterols content. Few insights have been devoted to other tetraploid species than emmer and durum wheats. This work examined phytosterol and phytostanol content in seed of six tetraploid wheat species cultivated during two successive years under rainfed organic conditions in Auch (near Toulouse, France). Sterols (free and esterified sterols) were measured by gas-chromatography-flame ionisation detector. Mean value of sterols + stanols content was 99.5 mg 100 g−1 DW. The main sterol was β-sitosterol. Results showed a year effect on sterol content, whatever the wheat species. This could be explained by the differences in climatic conditions prevailing during plant cycle and grain filling. A large variability for sterols content was found between species and within each species. Emmer wheat revealed the lowest values for all sterols and stanols. Higher values of sterols were obtained in durum wheat. This work is the first report studying T. carthlicum, T. polonicum, T. turgidum, T. timopheevi. These species exhibited intermediate values of sterol contents between emmer and durum wheats. Wheat tetraploid species showed interesting levels of sterols and could serve as a great source of these healthy compounds mainly in Mediterranean region where they are consumed as wholegrain. Variation in climatic conditions could help to manage the level of these secondary metabolites.

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Echeverría, H. E., C. A. Navarro i F. H. Andrade. "Nitrogen nutrition of wheat following different crops". Journal of Agricultural Science 118, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600068738.

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SUMMARYA trial using a split-plot with blocks design was carried out at the INTA Balcarce Experimental Station, Argentina on a typic argiudol soil to evaluate N nutrition in wheat after different preceding crops and using two rates of N fertilization (0 and 90 kg N/ha).Wheat (Triticum aestivum), soyabean (Glycine max), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and maize (Zea mays) were grown in different combinations for two successive years (1984/85 and 1985/86).No water stress was detected during either growing season. Nitrogen availability was altered by the previous crops grown, but the effect lasted only for one season. Wheat following maize yielded least with no N and responded most to N fertilization. The highest yields of wheat without N and the lowest response by wheat to N fertilization were found after crops of soyabean and sunflower.Wheat after a fertilized wheat crop did not respond to N fertilization because of a serious attack of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis tritici).The nitrate concentration in wheat stem bases was found to be a good estimator of the availability of soil N.

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Dowling, PM, i PTW Wong. "Influence of preseason weed management and in-crop treatments in two successive wheat crops 1. Weed seedling numbers and wheat grain yield". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, nr 2 (1993): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930167.

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The effect of 5 preseason management treatments on seed set reduction of annual weed grasses and their regeneration in the following autumn was evaluated in a 2-year field experiment commencing at Orange in spring 1986. Preseason (spring) treatments were paraquat, glyphosate (2 rates), unsprayed heavy grazing, and unsprayed control. In the first of 2 successive wheat crops (planted 1987), 3 in-crop weed control treatments [control, chlorsulfuron (both sod-seeded), and trifluralin plus cultivation] were imposed. In 1988, the second wheat crop was sown into a cultivated seedbed or direct-drilled. The preseason treatments reduced potential annual grass regeneration by 91-99% compared with the control, with heavy grazing being the best treatment. For each preseason treatment compared with the control, the pattern of actual seedling emergence within the crop during 1987 was similar to that of potential emergence for each grass species (except Lolium rigidum), but numbers were lower and more variable (7-86% of potential numbers). The proportion of Bromus spp. and Vulpia spp. emerging within the crop declined from the first to the second crop, while L. rigidum increased to an average of 93% of the annual grass population in 1988. Trifluralin plus cultivation increased the control of annual grasses in 1987. In 1988, the 1987 in-crop treatments had little carryover effect on annual grass control; however, wheat grain yield was increased by both chlorsulfuron and trifluralin. Preseason management reduced seed set of annual grass weeds, and this control was maintained under cropping for at least 2 years (except for L. rigidum). Wheat grain yield responded to this control. Long-term control of L. rigidum where soil is disturbed appears difficult because of apparent long-lived seed in the soil.

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Wang, Xiao Xiao, Cui Xiang Li i Yuan Sen Hu. "Bioactivities and Moisture Absorption of Germinated Wheat during Storage". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (grudzień 2013): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.575.

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Two germinated wheat varieties,Zhengmai 366andAikang 58, were stored under relative humidity of 70% and temperatures of 25°C and 30°C, respectively. The successive change of moisture content, germination rate, respiration and microbial activity was determined to assess the storage safety of germinated wheat during moisture absorption. Results showed that the germinated wheat absorbed moisture to the equilibrium level within 5d in the early stored period. The equilibrium moisture at 25°C was higher than at 30°C. The budded wheat exhibited higher germination rate, however, the percentage decreased distinctly as the stored period extended. The microbial activities enhanced greatly in the course of moisture absorption, when moisture equilibrium, the microbial activities dropped continuously as the stored period prolonged. Under the tested temperature, the respiration intensity of germinated wheat with 12% moisture content was weaker, whereas the wheat with 14.5% moisture content represented greater respiration than the former, and the respiration at 30°Cwas observed higher than at 25°C.

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Asseng, S., I. R. P. Fillery i P. J. Gregory. "Wheat response to alternative crops on a duplex soil". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, nr 5 (1998): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97152.

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Summary. Rates of crop growth (including the root system), water extraction from specific soil layers, leaf water potential and crop nitrogen content were measured in a field experiment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown after alternative crops. The previous crops of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) all showed a ‘break crop’ effect compared with wheat after wheat. In addition, the legumes lupin, faba bean, chickpea and vetch stimulated biomass production of successive wheat crops via increased nitrogen supply. When the previous crop was lupin, wheat root length density at depth in a duplex soil tended to be increased and post-anthesis water uptake by wheat was enhanced. Wheat after lupin resulted in a 42–76% higher yield than wheat after the other legumes, a 37–68% higher yield than wheat after the non-legumes and a 131% higher yield than wheat after wheat. Wheat yields did not relate to previous crop root depth, but correlated well with residue nitrogen from the various alternative crops.

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Zhang, Y., Y. Mu, Y. Zhou, J. Liu i C. Zhang. "Nitrous oxide emissions from maize–wheat field during 4 successive years in the North China Plain". Biogeosciences 11, nr 7 (1.04.2014): 1717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1717-2014.

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Abstract. Agricultural soil with fertilization is a main anthropogenic source for atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). N2O fluxes from a maize–wheat rotation field in the North China Plain (NCP) were investigated for 4 successive years using the static chamber method. The annual N2O fluxes from the control (without fertilization) and fertilization plots were 1.5 ± 0.2 and 9.4 ± 1.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2008–2009, 2.0 ± 0.01 and 4.0 ± 0.03 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2009–2010, 1.3 ± 0.02 and 5.0 ± 0.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2010–2011, and 2.7 ± 0.6 and 12.5 ± 0.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2011–2012, respectively. Annual direct emission factors (EFd's) in the corresponding years were 2.4 ± 0.5%, 0.60 ± 0.01%, 1.1 ± 0.09% and 2.9 ± 0.2%, respectively. Significant linear correlation between fertilized-induced N2O emissions (Y, kg N ha−1) during the periods of 10 days after fertilization and rainfall intensities from 4 days before to 10 days after fertilization (X, mm) in the 4 years was found as Y = 0.048X − 1.1 (N = 4, R2 = 0.99, P < 0.05). Therefore, the remarkable interannual variations of N2O emissions and the EFd's were mainly ascribed to the rainfall.

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Zhang, Y., Y. Mu, Y. Zhou, J. Liu i C. Zhang. "Nitrous oxide emissions from maize-wheat field during four successive years in the North China Plain". Biogeosciences Discussions 10, nr 11 (26.11.2013): 18337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-18337-2013.

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Abstract. Agricultural soil with fertilization is a main anthropogenic source for atmospheric N2O. N2O fluxes from a maize-wheat field in the North China Plain (NCP) were investigated for four successive years using static chamber method. The annual N2O fluxes from control (without fertilization) and fertilization plots were 1.5 ± 0.2 and 9.4 ± 1.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2008–2009, 2.0 ± 0.01 and 4.0 ± 0.03 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2009–2010, 1.3 ± 0.02 and 5.0 ± 0.3kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2010–2011, and 2.7 ± 0.6 and 12.5 ± 0.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2011–2012, respectively. Fertilizer-induced emission factors (EFs) in the corresponding years were 2.4, 0.60, 1.1 and 2.9%, respectively. Significant linear correlation between fertilized-induced N2O emission (Y, kg N ha−1 yr−1) and rainfall 4 day before and 10 days after fertilization (X, mm) was found as Y = 0.04767X − 1.06453 (N = 4, R2 = 0.99241, P = 0.00253). Therefore, the remarkable interannual variations of N2O emissions and the EFs from the agricultural field were mainly ascribed to the rainfall. The total N2O emission from the agricultural field in the NCP was estimated to be 144 Gg N yr−1 based on the average flux derived from the measurements of four years, and the fertilizer-induced N2O emission accounted for about 76% (110 Gg N yr−1) of total emission.

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Cortez, J., i R. Hameed. "Mineralization of 15N-labelled organic compounds adsorbed on soil size fractions: Efect of successive wheat cropping". Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24, nr 2 (luty 1992): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(92)90266-z.

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Drezner, Witold. "Morfogeneza pędów krzewiącej się pszenicy oraz dynamika ich elongacyjnego wzrostu [Morphogenesis of shoots of tillering plants of winter wheat and the dynamics of their elongation growth]". Acta Agrobotanica 28, nr 1 (2015): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1975.001.

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The morphogenesis of vegetative shoots of tillering plants of the winter wheat, the mode of identification and the description of the sequence of formation of individual shoots are presented. The average elongation growth of plants (e) in the successive growth stages are described as the sum of the increase of the main shoot (a) and of the side (secondary) shoots (Σ b) divided by the number of measured tillers (1) and by the time unit (t) according to the equation. By this method the correlation between the dynamics of winter wheat growth and the grade of tillering are described for three varieties.

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29

Strong, WM, RC Dalal, MJ Cahill, EJ Weston, JE Cooper, KJ Lehane, AJ King i CJ Chicken. "Sustaining productivity of a Vertisol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 3. Effects of nitrate accumulated in fertilised soil on crop response and profitability". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, nr 6 (1996): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960675.

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Unreliable rainfall during the crop growing season leads to a variable use of applied fertiliser nitrogen (N) by the crop, which may leave substantial fertiliser N residue in the soil. Residual effects of fertiliser N (0-150 kg/ha) applied to a succession of wheat crops over the period 1987-94 were studied in terms of increased crop returns ($A/ha) from fertiliser application and increased soil mineral N for the subsequent crop. In spite of the unreliability of wheat responses to applied N in this region, increases in financial returns over this sequence of crops suggest that a strategy of routine N application to wheat was highly profitable on this fertility-depleted soil. When increases in returns from 1 fertiliser application were summed over successive crops, financial returns generally increased with increasing rate of N applied up to the highest N rate (100 or 150 kg/ha). When N was applied to each successive crop, financial returns were similarly increased but applications >50 kg/ha were less profitable than rates <50 kg/ha. Increased financial returns for the 7 crops grown with conventional tillage increased by $A306/ha, $794/ha, $867/ha and $867/ha for fertiliser N applied at rates of 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 kg N/ha to each crop, respectively. Total N fertiliser costs for the 7 crops were $A63ha, $126ha, $253/ha and $380/ha. Increased financial returns of $608/ha and $962/ha were derived from applications of 25 and 75 kg N/ha to each of the 7 crops with zero tillage. When N uptake by wheat was reduced by water deficit, or where a longer fallow period created much higher nitrate levels, a single fertiliser N application of 75 or 150 kg/ha resulted in nitrate accumulated to 1.2 m depth in the following May. Where N was applied to each crop in the sequence, application of 75 kg/ha increased soil nitrate to 1.2 m in the following May, except in 1989 and 1990. The 3-crop sequence, 1988-90, placed high demands on soil N supplies, with high wheat yields (about 4.5 t/ha) and grain N contents (100-115 kg/ha) in 1988 but lower yields (>2t/ha) in 1989 and 1990. Consequently, low levels (46-63 kg/ha) of soil mineral N were apparently carried over for crops in 1989 and 1990 even where 75 kg N/ha was applied to the preceding crop. Subsequent recovery of financial losses, incurred in years of water deficit, made the routine application of 75 kg N/ha to fertility-depleted soils of this region profitable.

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Harris, R. H., G. J. Scammell, W. J. Müller i J. F. Angus. "Crop productivity in relation to species of previous crops and management of previous pasture". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, nr 11 (2002): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02021.

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An experiment at Rutherglen in north-eastern Victoria compared 5 grass-removal methods in subterranean clover-based pastures that were grown before cropping sequences of canola–wheat–lupin–wheat or wheat–wheat–lupin–wheat. The cropping sequences were started in 3 successive years to provide replication in time. Grass removal from the pasture was more effective in winter than in spring and led to yield increases by the first and second crops. The largest increase (80%) was by the first canola crop after winter-cleaned pasture. The yield increase by the equivalent wheat crop was 42%. Since annual grasses and canola do not host the same root pathogens, we conclude that the yield responses were not due to root-disease control but probably to increased N supply. Assays of wheat roots confirmed that root disease was negligible throughout the experiment. Wheat growing in the year after canola yielded 11% more than wheat growing after wheat. The most surprising result was a 17% increase in the yield of wheat growing 3 years after canola compared with wheat growing 3 years after wheat, with wheat–lupin sequences in the intervening years for both systems. We suggest that canola and lupin, both of which are non-hosts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, reduced mycorrhizal root colonisation in the fourth-year wheat crop, leading to less drain on assimilates.

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Huang, Bao Tong, i Hua Zhou. "Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Uptake of Soil N in a Pot Experiment". Advanced Materials Research 485 (luty 2012): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.485.225.

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A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the uptake of soil native N and fertilizer N by spring wheat using 15N isotopic dilution method. The results showed that fertilizer N addition restrained the uptake of soil N via a negative added nitrogen interaction (ANI), and the effect being more at higher rates of application. Additionly, fertilizer N increased the uptake of fertilizer N by wheat, in which grain uptook most of the nitrogen, followed by straw and root. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) ranged from 27%~51%, while 36%~63% of the fertilizer-N remained in soil ready for successive crop growth.

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32

Brar, B. S., i A. C. Vig. "Kinetics of phosphate release from soil and its uptake by wheat". Journal of Agricultural Science 110, nr 3 (czerwiec 1988): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600082071.

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SummaryLaboratory and glasshouse experiments were conducted to study P release kinetics and uptake of P by wheat (Trilicum, aestivum L.) in ten benchmark soils of Punjab (India). Phosphorus desorption, determined by successive extraction with 0·01 m-CaCl2 solution, was lower in calcareous soils (group I) than in non-calcareous soils (group II). Desorption of surface P in soils followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The values of the kinetic constant of desorption and the radial diffusion coefficient of P increased with the amount of added P in soils.A significant linear relationship between cumulative desorbed P and both dry-matter yield and P uptake indicated that the rate of release of P from the solid matrix is important in determining P uptake by wheat crop. Phosphate uptake was less dependent on the initial solution P concentration than on the rate of phosphate release.

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33

Wong, PTW, PM Dowling, LA Tesoriero i HI Nicol. "Influence of preseason weed management and in-crop treatments on two successive wheat crops. 2. Take-all severity and incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, nr 2 (1993): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930173.

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The effects of cultivation and herbicide use to control weeds in wheat on wheat growth, the severity of take-all, and the incidence of rhizoctonia root rot were studied for 2 seasons. Preseason treatments were no weed control, paraquat (0.20 kg a.i./ha), glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha or 4 applications of 0.72 kg a.i./ha), and heavy grazing. In-crop treatments were cultivation plus trifluralin, direct drilling plus chlorsulfuron, and direct drilling alone. At the site, take-all was the main disease while rhizoctonia root rot was relatively minor. Glyphosate applied 4 times at 0.72 kg a.i./ha over the previous spring and summer led to greater wheat dry matter (DM) production, significantly (P<0.05) less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot in the first year than the other preseason treatments. Spraytopping with glyphosate (0.18 kg a.i./ha) or paraquat (0.20 kg a.i./ha) and heavy grazing reduced take-all severity but not the incidence of rhizoctonia root rot. Conventional cultivation resulted in more wheat DM, significantly less severe take-all, and a lower incidence of rhizoctonia root rot than direct drilling. Grain yields reflected the trends of the DM production despite severe yield loss due to head frosting. Plots were split for cultivation and direct drilling in the second year. The highest wheat DM and grain yields were in the cultivated treatments but the effects of cultivation on take-all did not carry over from the first year. In both years, take-all was most severe in the control treatment and least severe in the treatment with the high rate of glyphosate (P<0.05). In the second wheat crop, however, take-all severity was similar in the 2 glyphosate, paraquat, and grazed treatments. The effect of a weed-free fallow obtained by use of a high rate of glyphosate was nullified in the second wheat crop because of a high carryover of volunteer wheat seedlings during the intervening wet summer. There was also a greater incidence of rhizoctonia root rot in the control than in the other treatments, and cultivation again reduced disease incidence compared with direct drilling.

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Bar-Tal, A., U. Yermiyahu, J. Beraud, M. Keinan, R. Rosenberg, D. Zohar, V. Rosen i P. Fine. "Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Uptake by Wheat and Their Distribution in Soil following Successive, Annual Compost Applications". Journal of Environmental Quality 33, nr 5 (wrzesień 2004): 1855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1855.

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Rodrigues, Ana Cristina, Claus Felby i Miguel Gama. "Cellulase stability, adsorption/desorption profiles and recycling during successive cycles of hydrolysis and fermentation of wheat straw". Bioresource Technology 156 (marzec 2014): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.019.

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Xie, Yingxin, Cheng Dong, Zhiyong Chen, Yujuan Liu, Yangyang Zhang, Peixin Gou, Xu Zhao i in. "Successive biochar amendment affected crop yield by regulating soil nitrogen functional microbes in wheat-maize rotation farmland". Environmental Research 194 (marzec 2021): 110671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110671.

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Pearson, Craig J., Ian G. Mann i Zhang Zianhua. "Changes in root growth within successive wheat crops in a cropping cycle using minimum and conventional tillage". Field Crops Research 28, nr 1-2 (grudzień 1991): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(91)90078-a.

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Shukla, Vipin Kumar, H. S. Kushwaha, S. K. Singh, D. K. Malviya i R. K. Tiwari. "Residual effect of nitrogen levels and weed control methods on growth, yield and economics of wheat grown after rice". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, nr 2 (10.06.2019): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2022.

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A field experiment was laid out in split plot design on residual effect of treatments comprising three nitrogen levels viz. N75 (N1), N100 (N2) and N125 (N3) in main-plot treatments and seven weed control treatments viz. (W1-butachlor + 1 Hand Weeding, W2-butachlor + 2 Mechanical Weeding, W3-butachlor + 2,4-D, W4-bispyribac sodium, W5-butachlor + bispyribac sodium, W6-HW-2, W7- control) as sub-plot treatments conducted during 2015-16 and 2016-17 at the Rajaula Agriculture Farm, MGCGVV, Satna (M.P.) to study the residual effect of N-levels and weed control methods on growth, yield and economics of wheat grown after rice. In case of succeeding wheat, the residual 125 kg N/ha performed the best with respect to growth, yield-attributes with the result 31.11 q/ha grain yield and Rs.33509/ha income. While, under sub plot treatments, Hand weedings two times were recorded significant grain yield (28.66 q/ha) and straw yield (38.17 q/ha) at (P <0.05) over control. However it was found non-significant different and also noticed higher over rest treatments. In this succession, Butachlor + 2, 4-D (0.80 kg/ha) was higher but in second position and similar trend was observed in successive way with rest of treatments.

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39

Roget, DK, i AD Rovira. "The relationship between incidence of infection by the take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), rainfall and yield of wheat in South Australia". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, nr 4 (1991): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910509.

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. This paper describes results obtained from an 8-year field trial on a calcareous sandy loam in South Australia. Different crop rotations resulted in varying percentages of plants with take-all [caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt)]. The results demonstrated that in a wheat-grass/medic pasture rotation, take-all caused an average annual yield loss in wheat of 29%. These yield losses were strongly correlated with disease incidence and rainfall in September (r2 = 0.91, P = 0.07) but only moderately correlated to disease incidence alone (r2 = 0.44, P = 0.09). The level of early infection (at 10 weeks) by Ggt was influenced by spring rainfall in the previous season. A regression model was developed to predict the incidence of take-all in a wheat crop from the incidence of take-all and the August-September rainfall the previous season (r2 = 0.96, P = 0.007) for a wheat-grass/medic pasture rotation (successive host plants).

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40

Collar, Concha. "Significance of heat-moisture treatment conditions on the pasting and gelling behaviour of various starch-rich cereal and pseudocereal flours". Food Science and Technology International 23, nr 7 (13.06.2017): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013217714671.

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The impact of heat-moisture treatment processing conditions (15%, 25%, and 35% moisture content; 1, 3, and 5 h heating time at 120 ℃) on the viscosity pasting and gelling profiles of different grain flours matrices (barley, buckwheat, sorghum, high β-glucan barley, and wheat) was investigated by applying successive cooking and cooling cycles to rapid visco analyser canisters with highly hydrated samples (3.5:25, w:w). At a milder heat-moisture treatment conditions (15% moisture content, 1 h heating time), except for sorghum, heat-moisture treatment flours reached much higher viscosity values during earlier pasting and subsequent gelling than the corresponding native counterparts. Besides heat-moisture treatment wheat flour, the described behaviour found also for non-wheat-treated flours has not been previously reported in the literature. An increased hydrophobicity of prolamins and glutelins in low moisture-short heating time heat-moisture treatment of non-wheat flours with high protein content (12.92%–19.95%) could explain the enhanced viscosity profile observed.

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El-Orabey, Walid Mohamed, Hosam Mohamed Awad, Sabry Ibrahim Shahin i Yasser Ahmed El-Gohary. "Evaluation of CIMMYT Wheat Lines under Egyptian Field Conditions to Identify New Sources of Resistance to Leaf Rust". International Journal of Phytopathology 9, nr 2 (28.08.2020): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.009.02.3358.

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Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which causes considerable yield loss. Host resistance is the most effective and economical method to minimize yield losses caused by leaf rust. The current research was planned to evaluate the response of 93 wheat genotypes lines selected from 716 wheat genotypes delivered to Egypt by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). These genotypes were evaluated against leaf rust resistance under field conditions at two locations i.e. Behira governorate (Itay El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station) and Menoufia governorate during three successive growing seasons i.e. 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. Results of the current study showed that 47 wheat genotypes were resistant and had the lowest values of final rust severity (FRS %), average coefficient of infection (ACI) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Also, these genotypes showed desirable/acceptable relative resistance index (RRI) at the two locations during the three growing seasons of the study. Therefore, we can select these genotypes as resistant lines in the breeding program for the resistance of leaf rust.

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Bala, P., i S. Sikder. "Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Terminal Heat Stress in Northern Bangladesh". Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 21, nr 1 (24.12.2018): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v21i1.39358.

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This study was conducted in Crop Physiology and Ecology research field of Hajee Mohammad Danesh science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the two successive years of 2011-12 and 2012-13 to identify morpho-physiological attributes of wheat genotypes in response to terminal heat stress. In this respect, three sowing dates at November 27 (normal), December 17 (late) and January 7 (very late growing condition) and eight wheat genotypes viz., Pavon-76, Prodip, BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-26, BAW-1143, BAW-1146, BAW-1147 and BAW-118 were evaluated. Growth and morphological changes of wheat genotypes were evaluated in relation to heat tolerance in field condition. Growth attributes such as LAR, SLA and LWR for all the genotypes declined throughout the advancement of growth stages in both the growing seasons and at heat stress condition values of all the parameters such as plant height and grain yields were reduced compared to normal condition. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 25-37

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Raaijmakers, Jos M., i David M. Weller. "Exploiting Genotypic Diversity of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas spp.: Characterization of Superior Root-Colonizing P. fluorescensStrain Q8r1-96". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, nr 6 (1.06.2001): 2545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.6.2545-2554.2001.

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ABSTRACT The genotypic diversity that occurs in natural populations of antagonistic microorganisms provides an enormous resource for improving biological control of plant diseases. In this study, we determined the diversity of indigenous 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producingPseudomonas spp. occurring on roots of wheat grown in a soil naturally suppressive to take-all disease of wheat. Among 101 isolates, 16 different groups were identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. One RAPD group made up 50% of the total population of DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. Both short- and long-term studies indicated that this dominant genotype, exemplified by P. fluorescens Q8r1-96, is highly adapted to the wheat rhizosphere. Q8r1-96 requires a much lower dose (only 10 to 100 CFU seed−1 or soil−1) to establish high rhizosphere population densities (107 CFU g of root−1) than Q2-87 and 1M1-96, two genotypically different, DAPG-producing P. fluorescens strains. Q8r1-96 maintained a rhizosphere population density of approximately 105 CFU g of root−1 after eight successive growth cycles of wheat in three different, raw virgin soils, whereas populations of Q2-87 and 1M1-96 dropped relatively quickly after five cycles and were not detectable after seven cycles. In short-term studies, strains Q8r1-96, Q2-87, and 1M1-96 did not differ in their ability to suppress take-all. After eight successive growth cycles, however, Q8r1-96 still provided control of take-all to the same level as obtained in the take-all suppressive soil, whereas Q2-87 and 1M1-96 gave no control anymore. Biochemical analyses indicated that the superior rhizosphere competence of Q8r1-96 is not related to in situ DAPG production levels. We postulate that certain rhizobacterial genotypes have evolved a preference for colonization of specific crops. By exploiting diversity of antagonistic rhizobacteria that share a common trait, biological control can be improved significantly.

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Motaghian, H. R., i A. R. Hosseinpur. " Copper release kinetics: Effect of two extractants and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere". Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 10 (12.10.2012): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/365/2012-pse.

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The greenhouse experiment was performed to determine Cu release characteristics in the bulk and the rhizosphere of some calcareous soils using rhizobox. The kinetics of Cu release in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils were determined by successive extraction with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA) and 10 mmol/L citric acid in a period of 1 to 504 h at 25 ± 1°C. The results of kinetics study showed that Cu extracted using DTPA-TEA in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the bulk soils, while Cu extracted using citric acid in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than the bulk soils. The mean of released Cu after 504 h using DTPA-TEA were 8.59 and 7.46 mg/kg in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils, respectively. The mean release of Cu after 504 h using citric acid was 14.73 and 16.05 mg/kg in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils, respectively. Release kinetics of Cu in two extractants conformed fairly well to parabolic diffusion, power function, and first order equations. The results of correlation analysis illustrated that a significant correlation between Cu desorption after 504 h with citric acid and Cu concentration in wheat was found (r = 0.96 and r = 0.90 in the rhizosphere and the bulk soils, respectively, P < 0.01). Therefore, application of 10 mmol/L citric acid extractant would be recommended in the future study on the kinetics of release of Cu in calcareous soils.  

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45

Drost, D. T., i H. C. Price. "Stand Establishment of Fluid-drilled Tomato in Rye and Wheat Tillage Systems". HortScience 26, nr 12 (grudzień 1991): 1475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.12.1475.

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Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in conventional tillage (CT), rye (Secale cereale L.) mulch no tillage (RNT), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch no tillage (WNT). Either germinated seeds (GS) or raw seeds (RS) were fluid drilled on several dates in 1981 and 1982. Tomato stands in no tillage (NT) generally were equal to or higher than in CT, and stands improved with later plantings in each year. Plant stands were unaffected by GS and RS. Time to 50% emergence (T50) was up to 4 days less in NT than in CT and 2 to 3 days less from GS than RS. Yields with CT were twice as high as those with NT for early planting dates. Yields decreased in CT with successive planting dates to levels equal to NT plantings. Use of GS increased fruit yields as compared to RS, regardless of the planting date.

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46

Zhang, Pingping, Jinbao Yao, Hongxiang Ma i Guicheng Song. "Physicochemical and rheological properties of the derivatives of Ningmai 9 wheat and their relationship with sugar-snap cookie diameter". JULY 2020, nr 14(7):2020 (20.07.2020): 1150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2451.

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In recent years, the annual demand for soft wheat in China has exceeded six million metric tons. The development of soft wheat is an important objective in the Yangtze River Basin winter wheat region in China. Ningmai 9 is a soft wheat cultivar widely used as a parent in the soft red winter wheat breeding program. However, the physicochemical and rheological properties of Ningmai 9 and its derivatives remain unknown. In this study, Ningmai 9 and its thirty-one derivatives were grown in Nanjing in Jiangsu Province in two successive cropping seasons from 2015 to 2017. The kernel samples were analyzed for milling quality, solvent retention capacity (SRC), alveograph parameters, and sugar-snap cookie diameter. The flour protein content was not significantly associated with any other quality trait. P, L, P/L (the ratio of tenacity to extensibility), alveograph deformation work (W), and four types of SRC were significantly correlated with sugar-snap cookie diameter. Compared to Ningmai 9, seven wheat genotypes had relatively better cookie quality and lower SRC and P values. A multiple regression model with water SRC (WSRC) as a variable explained 72.5% of the total variation in cookie diameter. These results suggest that decreasing SRC and gluten strength is the key to improving soft wheat breeding programs.

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Izumi, Yasuhiro, Kazuhito Uchida i Morio Iijima. "Crop Production in Successive Wheat-Soybean Rotation with No-Tillage Practice in Relation to the Root System Development". Plant Production Science 7, nr 3 (styczeń 2004): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/pps.7.329.

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Hasan Umut, 吾木提·艾山江, 买买提·沙吾提 Sawut Mamat i 马春玥 Chunyue Ma. "Hyperspectral Estimation of Wheat Leaf Water Content Using Fractional Differentials and Successive Projection Algorithm-Back Propagation Neural Network". Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 56, nr 15 (2019): 153002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop56.153002.

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49

Donald, William W. "Fall-applied Herbicides for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Root and Root Bud Control in Reduced-till Spring Wheat". Weed Technology 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1992): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00034692.

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Several sequences of POST herbicides applied each year in fall alone, in spring alone, or both in fall and again in spring controlled Canada thistle stands in spring wheat by severely decreasing root biomass and the numbers of adventitious root buds to a depth of 50 cm over four years. These treatments included dicamba applied at 1.7 or 2.2 kg ae ha–1for the first two successive falls followed in wheat by either chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha–1plus nonionic surfactant, MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ha–1, or 2,4-D amine at 560 g ha–1applied annually for each of four consecutive years from the start. Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha–1applied alone in spring for each of four years also reduced and prevented Canada thistle root growth as effectively as a sequence of fall-applied dicamba followed by spring-applied chlorsulfuron in spring wheat.

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Francki, M. G., i P. Langridge. "The molecular identification of the midget chromosome from the rye genome". Genome 37, nr 6 (1.12.1994): 1056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-150.

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The diminutive "midget" chromosome is found in plants containing a wheat nuclear genome with a substituted rye cytoplasm. This cytoplasmic substituted line arose during successive backcrossing of a wheat/rye amphiploid to wheat as the recurrent male parent. Southern and in situ hybridization with a dispersed repeat sequence specific for rye, R173, indicates that the midget chromosome originates from within the rye genome. Various DNA markers previously mapped to group 1 chromosomes of wheat and barley were used to trace the origin of the midget chromosome from within the rye genome. Ten short arm and 36 long arm probes were used and one marker was identified, which hybridizes to the midget chromosome and maps to the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 1R. An additional marker was generated from a genomic library of the line containing the midget chromosome. This also maps to the long arm of 1R. The results indicate that the midget chromosome contains a small segment of the long arm of chromosome 1R.Key words: midget chromosome, RFLP markers, chromosome 1R, repeated DNA sequence.

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