Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Suburban”
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Lewis-McCoy, R. L’Heureux. "Suburban Black Lives Matter". Urban Education 53, nr 2 (27.12.2017): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085917747116.
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This article explores the range of experiences and meanings of Black life in suburban space. Drawing from educational, historical, and sociological literatures, I argue that an underconsideration of suburban space has left many portraits of educational inequality incomplete. The article outlines the emergence of American suburbs and the formation of the city suburb divide which governs much framing of educational inequality and why this frame has limited thinking about what suburbs are and who lies within them. I follow with a discussion of the contemporary state of the suburbs which are now often more racially, ethnically, and economically diverse than their proximal central cities. There are a variety of suburb types, and this article explores three: majority–minority suburbs, exclusive enclaves, and gateway communities. Each suburb type leads to unique challenges such as demographic mismatch between leadership and school population to considering how ethnicity and race interact with Afro-Latino communities. A discussion of how racialized poverty in suburbia shapes the school and social experiences of Black youth is offered. The article closes with the consideration of the directions researchers should consider and areas of policy that are ripe for reengagement given the diversity of Black experiences in suburban schools.
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Singer, Simon I., i Kevin Drakulich. "Crime and Safety in Suburbia". Annual Review of Criminology 2, nr 1 (13.01.2019): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024652.
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Criminologists have long focused their attention on the inner-city street corner and neglected the suburban cul-de-sac. Crime in the suburbs should be of greater criminological concern. Cities are no longer centrally located. Suburbanization has impacted not only where most Americans live but also the types and reasons for crime. We begin this review with an overview of the unique structures of the suburb and the rise of the suburban city. We complicate the image of the dangerous city and the safe suburb and examine broad trends in crime and safety within each. The reasons and types of suburban crimes are further related to the decentered, diffused, and less public places of suburbia. Types of crime are described and prospects for future research into the structure and culture of suburbanization as they relate to comparative criminological research are discussed.
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Filion, Pierre. "Suburban Innovations". Urban Planning 2, nr 4 (11.12.2017): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i4.1276.
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This commentary addresses the evolution of the North American suburb over the last 70 years, a period over which it adopted a development pattern marking a radical break from prior forms of urban settlement. Early in this period, the emerging suburban form constituted perhaps the sharpest transition in the history of urbanism in terms of urban form and transportation. This suburban form rapidly came to dominate North American metropolitan regions and spread to other parts of the world. In this commentary, I propose a brief history of the North American suburb since the late 1940s seen through the lens of the contributions it made to the evolution of urbanism across the continent. I contend that while suburbs are often associated with urban stasis, because perceived as an impediment to the emergence of new environmentally sensitive and socially and functionally integrated urban formulas relying on public transit and walking, they have played a major transformative role in the past and may be the source of further urban transitions in the future. North American suburbs have also undergone deep social changes over the last decades. However, I question the claim, made by some researchers, that we are entering a post-suburban era; but at the same time, I acknowledge the possibility of major future innovations within present suburban configurations.
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Stahl, Kenneth A. "Equality and Closure: The Paradox of Local Citizenship". Fall 2020 Symposium Edition 8, nr 1 (grudzień 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v8.i1.3.
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In Bourgeois Utopias, a cultural history of suburbia in America, Robert Fishman states the fundamental paradox about the suburbs: “[H]ow can a form based on the principle of exclusion include every-one?” The promise of the American suburb was that every middle-class family would be able to own a home with a yard, but this egalitarian ideal was illusory because what made the suburbs appealing was precisely what it excluded, namely everything having to do with the city—its congestion, political corruption, and most importantly, its racial diversity. And so, as suburbia was mass-produced and made avail-able with cheap low-interest loans to white middle-class families, racial minorities were rigidly excluded. Although several waves of demographic change have reshaped the suburbs over the generations, this paradox remains evident today. Suburbs are becoming more dense and more diverse as many minorities have migrated from “inner cities” toward first-ring suburbs, and immigrants have found welcoming enclaves in the suburbs. But while suburbs have grown more diverse, they have also grown more segregated. High opportunity suburbs with plentiful jobs and good schools mandate low-density sprawl through zoning regulations, like mini-mum lot size and floor area requirements, parking mandates, and set-backs, that have the cumulative effect of making housing scarce and expensive. Only the very affluent or those lucky enough to have purchased a home years ago are welcome in these places. Racial minorities who, thanks to the earlier generation of suburban exclusion, have not had the opportunity to build the inter-generational wealth that is often a prerequisite to purchasing a home in the suburbs still find themselves locked out of the most desirable communities. The infra-structure of suburban communities, such as roads, sewers, and schools, are designed, perhaps deliberately, to completely collapse if the number of users increases by even a small amount, so these communities fiercely oppose any efforts to densify and permit more housing. Even modest attempts at densification are treated as calls to destroy suburban neighborhoods. But because our society has made a decision, undoubtedly questionable in retrospect, to treat suburban homeownership as the central tool for wealth building in this country, we cannot hope to meet our national aspirations for equality without opening up our suburbs to more housing. And so the question re-mains—how can a form based on the principle of exclusion include everyone?
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Airgood-Obrycki, Whitney. "Suburban status and neighbourhood change". Urban Studies 56, nr 14 (30.01.2019): 2935–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018811724.
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This article examines suburban neighbourhood trajectories from 1970 to 2010 in the 100 most populous metropolitan areas in the US within the context of discussions around suburban decline and reinvestment. A weighted composite index of neighbourhood change indicators was used to identify the relative status of urban and suburban neighbourhoods. Index values were ranked by metropolitan area, and neighbourhoods were assigned to a corresponding quartile. The quartiles formed a status trajectory sequence, categorised as Reduced, Reduced with recovery, Stable or Improved. Neighbourhood trajectories were compared across city and suburb as well as across prewar, postwar, and modern suburban types. Despite increased discussion around suburban decline and suburban poverty, suburban neighbourhoods maintained a higher status than the city, were more likely to recover from reduced status and had higher frequencies of status improvement. The majority of suburban neighbourhoods occupied the highest status ranking in all decades. Stability was the most common trajectory for suburbs, and stable suburban neighbourhoods were higher status than stable urban neighbourhoods. The findings highlight geographies of neighbourhood inequalities and contribute to our understanding of regional and suburban neighbourhood change dynamics.
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Kip, Markus. "No Escape from the Burbs. Rezension zu Roger Keil (Hg.) (2013): Suburban Constellations: Governance, Land and Infrastructure in the 21st Century. Berlin: JOVIS." sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung 4, nr 2/3 (30.11.2016): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36900/suburban.v4i2/3.242.
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Den Begriff des Urbanen in Auseinandersetzung mit dem Suburbanen zu bestimmen, ist horizonterweiternd. Nicht, dass er nach der Lektüre von Suburban Constellations an Schärfe gewonnen hätte, wohl aber hat sich meine Aufmerksamkeit für scheinbar banale Phänomene außerhalb der Stadt geschärft. Neu ist die enorme Bandbreite suburbaner Fallstudien aus dem ‚Globalen Norden‘ und dem ‚Globalen Süden‘, die hier versammelt werden.Der Band ist ein wichtiger Output des Forschungsverbunds „Global Suburbanism. Governance, Land and Infrastructure in the 21st Century“, dem über fünfzig Wissenschaftler_innen und Praktiker_innen angehörenAm Ende hat mich die Hauptthese des Buches überzeugt, der zufolge suburbane Räume keine Randphänomene, sondern Schlüsselaspekte der Urbanisierung im 21. Jahrhundert darstellen.
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BALDERSTONE, LAURA. "Semi-detached Britain? Reviewing suburban engagement in twentieth-century society". Urban History 41, nr 1 (20.12.2012): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926812000788.
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ABSTRACT:Over the last century, cultural and scholarly depictions of middle-class suburbia have created a stereotype that suggests detachment, indifference and the decline of community engagement. Yet, such accounts oversimplify the middle-class experience and the evolving nature of the urban/suburban relationship. Offering a review of existing literature, this article seeks to challenge existing stereotypes by revaluating the social networks constructed by middle-class ‘suburbans’. Far from detached and disengaged, the spatial analysis of associational membership in post-war Leicester reveals the need for a much wider revision of the British suburban narrative.
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MOORE, JAMES. "Making Cairo modern? Innovation, urban form and the development of suburbia, c. 1880–1922". Urban History 41, nr 1 (29.07.2013): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392681300028x.
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ABSTRACT:Cairo has often been seen as a ‘dual city’ divided between a ‘modern’ European city and a historic ‘traditional’ core. This article challenges this view through a historical exploration of suburban Cairo, a subject neglected by mainstream urban historians. A comparative examination of Ismailiyah, Garden City, Zamalek, Maadi, Helwan and Heliopolis illustrates that these suburbs took very different forms and reflected a wide range of historical and contemporary architectural tastes and design perspectives. Not all suburban developments were products of modern technical innovations and by 1922 no suburb had a majority of European residents. The use of the term ‘modern’ to characterize Cairo's suburbs therefore has the tendency to privilege western concepts of the modern and obscure the complexities of suburban social and economic development.
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Beck, Brenden. "Broken Windows in the Cul-de-Sac? Race/Ethnicity and Quality-of-Life Policing in the Changing Suburbs". Crime & Delinquency 65, nr 2 (15.11.2017): 270–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717739568.
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The racially disparate impacts of the carceral state are well studied, but most of the research has focused on large cities. Are suburban and urban policing similar? One trend suggests suburban policing might be in flux: U.S. suburbs underwent a dramatic demographic shift between 1990 and 2014. Their White populations declined sharply and their poor, non-White, and foreign-born populations all grew. During the same time, broken windows policing, with its aggressive enforcement of low-level quality-of-life crimes, gained popularity. Are suburban police departments adopting broken windows strategies or making racially disproportionate arrests in response to recent racial and economic changes? I use panel data ( N = 1,038 suburbs and 50 cities, with eight observations 1990 to 2014) in fixed effects regression models to address these questions. Data are compiled from the Uniform Crime Reporting Program and the Census. Descriptive statistics show that while quality-of-life arrests are down overall, the White–Black disparity in suburban arrests remains extreme, especially in mostly White suburbs. Multivariate models indicate that increases in poor people in a suburb are associated with increases in quality-of-life arrests, while more Hispanic people are associated with fewer arrests. Results suggest that urban and suburban policing dynamics are quite different.
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Johnson, Cameron, Tom Baker i Francis L. Collins. "Imaginations of post-suburbia: Suburban change and imaginative practices in Auckland, New Zealand". Urban Studies 56, nr 5 (12.09.2018): 1042–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018787157.
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Imaginative practices are central to ongoing transformations in the form and function of suburbia. In recent years, urban scholars have focused increasing attention on the concept and process of ‘post-suburbanisation’ to understand contemporary suburbs, yet imaginaries and imaginative practices have been largely absent in their analyses. This paper examines the role of imaginative practices in post-suburban change. Through a case study of Auckland, New Zealand, the paper examines three key domains of imaginative practice – visions, problems and trajectories – implicated in the production of post-suburbia. It argues that understandings of post-suburbanisation will be enhanced by an appreciation of both the material and imaginative dimensions of suburban transformation.
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Murphy, Alexandra K. "The Suburban Ghetto: The Legacy of Herbert Gans in Understanding the Experience of Poverty in Recently Impoverished American Suburbs". City & Community 6, nr 1 (marzec 2007): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2007.00196.x.
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Reports based on data collected from the 2000 U.S. Census reveal a dramatic transformation in the landscape of poverty and inequality in the United States in the 1990s. U.S. central city areas have witnessed considerable decreases in rates of poverty while, at the same time, suburbs have experienced significant increases in rates of poverty. Indeed, the outcome of this shift has resulted in demographic trends, quality of life issues, economic and social outcomes, and signs of physical deterioration that we often associate with deteriorating inner cities now being found in a number of American suburbs. Beyond basic demographic information, however, little is known about daily life in these areas. This paper explores the conceptual, analytical, and methodological contributions of Herbert Gans, specifically, his ethnographic study of the suburban community Levittown, for the study of these changes. The paper reviews the literature on suburban poverty in order to identify the ways in which Gans's work contributes to future suburban scholarship as students of the suburb grapple with trying to understand and examine this transformation and the impact that this suburban change has had on the daily lives of the poor living in these recently turned poor suburbs.
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Blake, Jay Peter, i Behrooz Gharleghi. "The Ripple Effect at an inter-suburban level in the Sydney Metropolitan area". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, nr 1 (5.02.2018): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-05-2017-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the Ripple Effect of house prices at an inter-suburban level of analysis in the Sydney metropolitan area. By doing this, more practical information of price transmission can be provided to improve residential real estate purchasing decisions of market participants. Equity from residential real estate is a major component of household wealth and is frequently used to improve and upgrade homes. With the ever-increasing prices of real estate in Sydney making more efficient purchasing decisions can grow this wealth quicker allowing a household to obtain financial related goals at a quicker pace. Design/methodology/approach Using a two-stage sampling technique strings of adjoining suburbs from different Sydney regions were analysed using a combination of price graphs, Engle–Granger and Johansen co-integration techniques and Granger causality tests. Findings Pairwise co-integration was lacking throughout the various suburb strings, whereas multivariate co-integration was found in the lower priced areas further from the central business district, as these areas also experience less price volatility. The geographical location of suburbs therefore plays an important role in the ability to predict an individual suburb’s price movements. For a prominent Ripple Effect to exist at this level the best conditions would consist of a singular demand centre with restricted geographical space to which this demand can spread. Causal pathways were subsequently mapped for each suburb string identifying price transmission pathways and confirming support that while the standard Ripple Effect does not exist at an inter-suburban level, it is still possible to predict price movements by considering the price behaviour of surrounding suburbs. Originality/value This paper adds to the literature by examining the Ripple Effect across different suburbs in Sydney. This is done via an extensive search through the literature and analysing recent real estate data.
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Hanlon, Bernadette, i Whitney Airgood-Obrycki. "Suburban revalorization: Residential infill and rehabilitation in Baltimore County’s older suburbs". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, nr 4 (8.03.2018): 895–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18763607.
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This paper is a critical examination of redevelopment in the older suburbs of Baltimore County, Maryland between 2000 and 2014. Using exploratory spatial analysis techniques and qualitative methods, we identify the location of concentrated forms of suburban redevelopment, capturing incremental changes to single-family suburban homes in the form of residential rehabilitation, and new construction as well as larger-scale infill in the form of single-family subdivisions and apartments. We find that redevelopment among older suburbs is multifaceted, encompassing reinvestment in single-family housing in old elite residential suburban neighborhoods; the replacement of publicly subsidized apartment complexes with market rate, single-family dwellings in formerly industrial suburbs; the replacement of waterfront postwar housing with more expensive structures in formerly industrial suburbs; and the densification of older edge suburban core areas. The local planning regime has been instrumental in the redevelopment process across suburban types. Based on our findings, we suggest that suburban planners take a more active role in considering the potential direct and indirect displacement of low-income residents from redeveloped suburban spaces. This is imperative as inner-ring suburban devalorization occurs and suburban poverty grows.
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Tian, Yasi, i Lei Wang. "The Effect of Urban-Suburban Interaction on Urbanization and Suburban Ecological Security: A Case Study of Suburban Wuhan, Central China". Sustainability 12, nr 4 (20.02.2020): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041600.
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In developing countries like China, urbanization is still occurring at a rapid pace. During urbanization, the urban land expands drastically, which makes suburbs the most affected area facing urban expansion. The land transition has proven to threaten the function and security of ecosystems, and therefore the topics of suburban land transition and ecological security have raised much attention. However, the urban-suburban interaction, which is one of the basic characteristics of suburbs, has been insufficiently considered. The urban-suburban interaction is developed based on the flows of people, materials, and information between urban and suburban areas, and it essentially reveals the relationship between human activities and land-use optimization. To fill the research gap, this study adopts a case study of Wuhan city, and first quantifies the urban-suburban interactions from a symbiotic perspective, and investigates rural residents and public buses to verify the estimated interactions. The results show that there is obvious heterogeneity in urban-suburban interactions in different suburban towns. Correlation analysis and geographic weight regression are then applied to demonstrate the relationship between the urban-suburban interaction and urbanization in the suburbs. Additionally, urbanization potential in the suburbs is estimated. Then, a suburban ecological security assessment is conducted by a “pressure-status-response” (PSR) model, and the urbanization potential that is estimated based on urban-suburban interaction is integrated as a “pressure” indicator. The comparison between the suburban ecological security assessment results based on considering and not considering urban-suburban interaction demonstrates the importance of considering urban-suburban interaction. This study contributes to the understanding of the complicated relationships of urban-suburban socio-economic, spatial, and ecological environments, and offers suggestions for suburban planning and ecological protection.
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Filion, Pierre. "Enduring Features of the North American Suburb: Built Form, Automobile Orientation, Suburban Culture and Political Mobilization". Urban Planning 3, nr 4 (30.10.2018): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v3i4.1684.
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As any social phenomenon, the evolution of suburbs can be seen as at the confluence of two contradictory sets of forces. There are first forces of change, which propel suburbs in new directions. Much of the present literature on suburbs highlights suburban transitions in the form of social and economic diversification, and of new forms of development. The article attempts to rebalance the discourse on suburbs by emphasizing forces of durability. It does not deny the importance of observed suburban transitions, but argues that there is, at the heart of North American suburbs, an enduring automobility-induced transportation dynamic, which reverberates on most aspects of suburbs. The article explores the mechanisms undergirding suburban durability by linking the suburban transportation dynamic to the self-reproductive effects of a suburban lifestyle and culture and their political manifestations. These forces impede planning attempts to transform suburbs in ways that make them more environmentally sustainable. To empirically ground its argument, the article draws on two Toronto region case studies illustrating processes assuring the persistence of the durable features of North American suburbs: the layout of large suburban multifunctional centres and the themes raised by Rob Ford during his successful 2010 mayoralty electoral campaign.
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Hesse, Markus, i Stefan Siedentop. "Suburbanisation and Suburbanisms – Making Sense of Continental European Developments". Raumforschung und Raumordnung 76, nr 2 (30.04.2018): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-018-0526-3.
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Abstract This paper provides a brief overview of recent developments and debates concerned with suburbanisation in continental Europe. While current discourses in urban research and practice still focus on processes of reurbanisation and the gentrification of inner-city areas, suburbia continues to exist and thrive. Depending on the definition applied, suburban areas still attract a large share of in-migration and employment growth in cities of the developed countries. Given that popular meta-narratives on suburbia and suburbanisation are often spurred by, or refer to, North American suburban studies, we take a different perspective here, one based on continental European trajectories of development in and across city-regional areas that are considered to be suburban, and on social processes that are associated with suburbanisation (suburbanisms). Thus, we aim to avoid a biased understanding of suburbia as a spatial category, which is often considered mono-functional, non-sustainable, or in generic decline. Instead, we observe that suburban variety is huge, and the distinction between urban core and fringe seems to be as ambiguous as ever. The paper, which also introduces the theme of this special issue of “Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning”, bundles our findings along four themes: on suburbia as a place of economic development, on the shifting dynamics of housing between core and fringe locales, on the life-cyclic nature of suburbanisation, and on strategies for redevelopment. Finally, we discuss certain topics that may deserve to be addressed by future research, particularly on the European variant of suburbanisation and suburbs.
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Curtin, Mary Elizabeth. "“LIKE BOTTLED WASPS”: BEERBOHM, HUYSMANS, AND THE DECADENTS’ SUBURBAN RETREAT". Victorian Literature and Culture 39, nr 1 (6.12.2010): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150310000331.
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Such was George Orwell's vision of suburban life in his 1939 novel Coming Up for Air – a vision of mindless, middle-class consumerism teetering always on the edge of financial ruin – a domestic life-in-death. Over the course of the twentieth century, suburbia has become the topos of bourgeois complacency, the locus of psychic decline. Strange, then, to think that at the end of the nineteenth century, two of Europe's Decadent writers – Max Beerbohm and Joris-Karl Huysmans – could find in the suburbs of London and Paris an aesthetic retreat from the snares of bourgeois urban life. In 1884, Huysmans published Against Nature, the paragon of fin-de-siècle Decadent fiction which recounts the movement of the syphilitic aristocrat, Duc Jean Floressas des Esseintes, from the centre of Paris to the suburban village of Fontenay-aux-Roses where he constructs his anti-bourgeois aesthetic hermitage. Over ten years later, in 1896, Beerbohm published his satirical essay “Diminuendo,” in which the twenty-four-year-old writer announces his retirement from the literary world and his subsequent retreat to a quiet life of aesthetic contemplation in a London suburb. Needless to say, these suburban havens are a far cry from Orwell's sordid account of pre-war suburbia's obsession with false teeth and life insurance. Though only a little over fifty years separate Against Nature and Coming Up for Air, the suburbs of Huysmans and Orwell seem worlds apart. No one could imagine Des Esseintes's leather-bound study in the “Hesperides Estates,” and it seems unthinkable to picture Beerbohm locking himself away in a library amidst the cacophony of squealing infants and nagging housewives. The suburbs seem the least likely place in which the Decadent or dandy might thrive, and yet in Against Nature and “Diminuendo,” Huysmans and Beerbohm depict the suburbs as the last refuge of the man of taste. How could this be? What are these fin-de-siècle suburbs of London and Paris, and what do they signify in Huysmans's and Beerbohm's writing? These are the central questions I pose in this study of the Decadents’ retreat from urban life.
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Bijvoet, Ellen. "Förortssvenska i grindvakters öron: Perceptioner av migrationsrelaterad språklig variation bortom inlärarspråk och förortsslang". Språk och stil NF 28 (2018) (3.02.2019): 142–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-376238.
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In Sweden, over the few past decades, a large amount of research has been conducted on new urban youth styles, here called suburban slang. More recently, some researchers have begun to focus on the way young individuals from multilingual suburbs speak in more formal situations, here called suburban Swedish – i.e. Swedish close to standard but with a suburban touch, due to, in particular, phonological features indexing suburb. Among the general public, these two ways of speaking are often lumped together under popular labels such as immigrant Swedish or Rinkeby Swedish. As a result, widespread negative attitudes towards the well-known suburban slang risk “rubbing off” on suburban Swedish. This may cause serious problems for the speakers, e.g. if this occurs in a job interview. This danger of negative evaluation was investigated in a folk-linguistic listener study on gatekeeper perceptions. Ten speech stimuli from young adult speakers (among which two samples each of suburban Swedish and suburban slang) were evaluated by 95 gatekeepers (employment officers, student counselors and teachers). A range of data types was analyzed: attitude scales, variety labeling, assessments of the speakers’ occupational level and linguistic background, as well as group discussion data. Results show, among other things, that suburban-sounding speech (slang as well as suburban Swedish) correlates highly with gatekeepers’ low ratings of the speakers’ occupational level. Moreover, the participating gatekeepers lack adequate terminology to differentiate between these two ways of speaking. This implies that sociolinguistic awareness raising should receive more critical attention within the educational sector, including the training for various professions in the public and private sector.
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Raposo Gutiérrez, Noemí. "Delimitación de los espacios públicos en el Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus. Necrópolis de Porta Ercolano (Pompeya-Italia) = The Delimitation of the Public Spaces in the Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus. Necropolis of Ercolano Gate (Pompeii-Italy)". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología, nr 13 (15.12.2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfi.13.2020.28768.
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Este estudio se centra en analizar el sistema de delimitación de las aceras suburbanas de Pompeya en el Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus localizado en la necrópolis de Porta Ercolano y, al mismo tiempo, en conocer cómo se demarcaban las tumbas de esta necrópolis. Para analizar estos espacios se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de los termini como elementos delimitadores de espacios, que estaban fuertemente protegidos por la legislación. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de las zonas suburbanas de Pompeya y de cómo se realizaban las acotaciones de los espacios en esas áreas. Esta investigación se ha podido realizar debido a que Pompeya es considerada una cápsula del tiempo, que nos brinda la posibilidad de conocer su organización urbanística no sólo en su área urbana, sino también en sus zonas suburbanas.AbstractThis study focuses on the delimitation of the suburban sidewalks of Pompei in the Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus located in the necropolis of Ercolano Gate, as well as on the delimitation of the tombs of this necropolis. To analyze the delimitation of these spaces, a study of the termini was carried out. The termini were strongly proteced by the urban laws. This study contributes to the knowledge about the suburban areas of Pompeii and the delimitation of the spaces therein. Pompeii largely preserves its original features and enables to know not only the urban planning, but also the suburban layout of an ancient Roman city.
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Saleh, Ilhamdaniah. "Measuring neighbourhood hardships and neighbourhood change between 2010-2015 in suburban neighbourhoods of Buffalo Metropolitan Area, New York". Geographica Pannonica 25, nr 2 (2021): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gp25-30864.
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Neighbourhoods in urban and suburban areas experienced changes in terms of physical, social, economic, and demographics. Neighbourhood Hardship Index (NHI) had been used to measure neighbourhood socio-economic condition, using various census variables. Suburban neighbourhoods which underwent a change lead to stratification into striving outer suburbs and declining inner suburbs. The context of this study was suburban neighbourhoods in Buffalo Metropolitan Area (BMA), New York. This paper aimed at highlighting spatial variability of neighbourhood change in innerand outer-suburban neighbourhoods of BMA between 2010-2015. This study examined factors that significantly contribute to neighbourhood change. Also, this study examined whether there a difference in the change of neighbourhood hardship index between innerand outer-suburban neighbourhoods. Composite NHI was developed from economic, demographic, and housing variables. Neighbourhood change was measured by comparing the composite NHI 2010 with that of 2015. The findings depicted a variation of change in hardships index across suburban neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods with higher hardship index were primarily located in inner suburbs. Policy implications call for concerted efforts to tackle the decline in the economy, education, demography to promote equity across neighbourhoods in suburban areas.
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Sadewo, Erie, Ibnu Syabri i Pradono Pradono. "Post-suburbia dan Tantangan Pembangunan di Kawasan Pinggiran Metropolitan: Suatu Tinjauan Literatur". Majalah Geografi Indonesia 32, nr 2 (30.09.2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mgi.32097.
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Post-suburbia merupakan fenomena transformasi perkotaan yang banyak ditemui di berbagai tempat. Fenomena ini terjadi sejalan dengan proses dekonsentrasi dan desentralisasi pekerjaan ke kawasan suburban yang menyusul populasi, sehingga menjadikan pusat kota kehilangan pengaruhnya. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan sebagai tinjauan terhadap berbagai literatur mengenai diskursus post-suburban dari sudut pandang filosofis. Selain itu, diberikan juga konteks perkembangannya di Indonesia, serta tantangan yang dihadapi oleh riset mengenai post-suburban kedepannya. Yaitu terkait dengan keberlanjutan perkotaan, apakah post-suburbia menghasilkan pembangunan yang tidak saja lebih ramah lingkungan, namun juga lebih baik secara ekonomi maupun sosial.ABSTRACT Post-suburbia is a well spread urban transformation phenomenon which could be seen in many places. This phenomenon occurs along with the employment deconcentration and decentralization process following the population towards the suburban area. Such a process makes the urban core losing its influence. This paper aimed as a literature review of post-suburban discourse from a philosophical perspective. Moreover, we also discuss its development in the Indonesian context and several possibilities of its research challenge in the future. Such as its relation with urban sustainability, whether post-suburbia would produce more not only environmental friendly development but also in economic and social aspect.
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Bilston, Sarah. "“YOUR VILE SUBURBS CAN OFFER NOTHING BUT THE DEADNESS OF THE GRAVE”: THE STEREOTYPING OF EARLY VICTORIAN SUBURBIA". Victorian Literature and Culture 41, nr 4 (25.10.2013): 621–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150313000144.
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While literary critics have becomeincreasingly engaged by the impact of suburbanization on the literary landscape, most scholarship has focused on texts from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The belief that suburbia appeared only occasionally in literature before this period is commonplace: as Gail Cunningham observes: “Although the term ‘suburb’ was used from Shakespeare and Milton onwards . . . it was not until the final decades of the nineteenth century that writers turned to suburban life as a subject of imaginative investigation” (Cunningham, “Riddle” 51). Cunningham's important work on suburban narrative positions authors of the late nineteenth century as architects of “the new imaginative category suburban,” one that was substantially shaped by the experience of observing and living amongst “newly massed middle classes” (Cunningham, “Riddle” 52). “[F]or many writers . . . the prime response to the new suburbia was one of anxiety and disorientation,” she argues. “How were they to conceptualize the sudden appearance of the new spatial environment?” (Cunningham, “Houses” 423). Yet Cunningham's emphasis on the newness of both the category and the lived experience underestimates the impact of suburbanization on the totality of the period. Suburbanization was a phenomenon that Victorian society had been experiencing, and responding to, for at least eight decades by the time of Victoria's death. Literary narratives engaging suburbia from these eight decades undoubtedly exist: they have received scant critical attention, yet they constitute a crucial tradition without which the most famous late-nineteenth-century texts of suburbia cannot be adequately understood.
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Felton, Emma. "A f/oxymoron?: Women, creativity and the suburbs". Queensland Review 22, nr 2 (grudzień 2015): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2015.27.
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AbstractDonald Horne famously wrote, ‘Australia was born urban and quickly grew suburban’ (1964), an observation that carries a weight of assumptions about suburban living. Historically, the Australian suburbs have been regarded as places of retreat, family life and female activity, and subsequently as a place where not much of interest happens. By contrast, a city's central areas are seen as more dynamic spaces and, with recent creative city thinking and planning, as potential powerhouses of innovation and creativity. This article challenges assumptions about suburban living as passive places of retreat through an examination of women in the creative workforce who are living and working in the suburbs. It draws on historical accounts of creative suburban activity and a research project that mapped and investigated the experience of creative workers in the outer suburbs of Brisbane and Melbourne. The study finds that there is much creative work occurring in suburban localities, but this is not as unusual as might be expected.
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Zębik, Grzegorz. "Typology of Suburban Communities in Poland". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 16, nr 16 (1.01.2011): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-011-0021-x.
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Typology of Suburban Communities in PolandThe paper presents an attempt to classify new and existing suburban communities in Poland based on spatial patterns and comparisons with suburbs in the United States. Fifteen types of Polish suburban communities are identified in the paper. As large-scale suburban development is a relatively new phenomenon in Poland, most Polish suburban communities will continue to evolve over time and make the transition from one community type to another. An understanding of each type of suburban community may help local governments assist the communities they serve in the process of creating infrastructure and jobs for a growing population.
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He, Meng Xuan, Hong Yuan Li, Xun Qiang Mo i Wei Qing Meng. "The Study on Soil Seed Bank in Different Urbanized Regions of Tianjin". Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (listopad 2013): 2427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2427.
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In order to study the characteristic of soil seed band (SSB) in different urbanized regions of Tianjin, the research selected typical samples along urban districts, suburban districts, outer suburbs. After the germination tests, the results show that: from outer suburbs to urban districts,the density of SSB show an increasing trend, Sorensen Similarity Index show an increasing trend, but the specie richness show a decreasing trend. Suburban districts have the lowest Shannon-Wiener Index, Ecological Dominance Index, Pielou Evenness Index. Compared with outer suburbs, the species richness in urban districts and suburban districts have decreased 66.67% and 45.23%, urbanization promotes the homogenisation of species. Suburban districts have the highest density and species richness, the germinated seeds have large numbers of woody seedlings, so it can be considered for vegetation recovery.
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Phelps, Nicholas A., i Andrew M. Wood. "The New Post-suburban Politics?" Urban Studies 48, nr 12 (9.08.2011): 2591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011411944.
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Settlements variously termed ‘ex-urbs’, ‘edge cities’, ‘technoburbs’ are taken to signal something different from suburbia and as a consequence might be considered post-suburban. Existing literature has focused on defining post-suburbia as a new era and as a new form of settlement space. Whether post-suburbia can also be delimited in terms of its distinctive politics is the open question explored here. The paper begins by considering the need to make urban political theory more tailored to the different settlements that populate the heavily urbanised regions of nations. The paper stresses the structural properties of capitalism that generate differences within the unity of the urbanisation process. It then discusses what is new about a class of post-suburban settlements, concentrating on what the increasing economic gravity of post-suburbia, the difficulty of bounding post-suburban communities and the continuing role of the state imply for understanding urban politics and the reformulation of urban political theory.
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Moos, Markus, Jonathan Woodside, Tara Vinodrai i Cyrus Yan. "Automobile Commuting in Suburban High-Rise Condominium Apartments: Examining Transitions toward Suburban Sustainability in Toronto". Urban Planning 3, nr 4 (30.10.2018): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v3i4.1645.
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While North American suburbs remain largely dispersed and auto-dependent, they are also increasingly heterogeneous. Although some suburbs have long been punctuated with high-rise developments, for instance rental apartments in the Canadian context, there are now a growing number of new high-rise condominium developments in suburban settings in both the US and Canada. While much is known about downtown high-rise condominium developments, there has of yet been little to no analysis of this trend in the suburbs. We offer such an analysis using Statistics Canada census data from 2016 in the Toronto metropolitan area. We focus on commuting patterns as an indicator of auto-dependence to test whether suburbs with larger shares of new high-rise condominium apartments (high-rise condo clusters) exhibit lower shares of auto commuting. The focus on auto-dependence is important because development and land use plans commonly use environmental concerns arising from heavy automobile use as a rationale for high-rise development. Our findings suggest that in Toronto suburban high-rise condo clusters offer a less auto-intensive way of living in the suburbs than traditionally has been the case in the suburban ownership market. However, this seems to be limited to particular demographic groups, such as smaller households; and suburban high-rise condos are not an evident sign of a broader transition toward suburban sustainability among the population as a whole in the Toronto case. The potential for transitions toward suburban sustainability could be enhanced with greater investments in transit infrastructure and building higher density mid-rise and ground-oriented dwellings that accommodate larger households still commonly found in low-density, auto-dependent suburbs.
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Wallace, R., i D. Wallace. "Inner-City Disease and the Public Health of the Suburbs: The Sociogeographic Dispersion of Point-Source Infection". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, nr 12 (grudzień 1993): 1707–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251707.
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The political abandonment of impoverished inner-city minority populations has caused the virtual physical implosion of many US urban neighborhoods, ranging from the New York City's South Bronx to Los Angeles' South Central. Resulting extreme levels of social disintegration and community disruption, in turn, have greatly intensified a nexus of interrelated pathological behaviors and conditions leading to more rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), production of multiple-drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, and rising rates of many other contagious diseases which recent evolutionary theory suggests may become increasingly virulent. The standard model of the geographic spread of disease, when coupled with long-standing observations on the patterns of contact between central cities and their suburbs, suggests that the economically segregated outlying suburban townships, local suburban minority enclaves, and the collapsing inner-city neighborhoods in fact constitute a single, linked, geographically extended disease ecosystem. We find that even at the earliest stages of a contagious epidemic originating from an inner city epicenter, the rate of suburban infection will be directly proportional to the number of those already infected within the city, as modulated by the spatial ‘commuting field’ between city and suburb. Extension of this view to the patchwork system of suburban minority enclaves embedded within more affluent townships suggests that the political abandonment of minority populations in any context will significantly increase rates of serious disease within affluent suburban communities.
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Phelps, Nicholas A., i Hiroaki Ohashi. "Edge City Denied? The Rise and Fall of Tokyo’s Outer Suburban “Business Core Cities”". Journal of Planning Education and Research 40, nr 4 (13.05.2018): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x18773471.
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The tradition of planning for polycentricity in Tokyo saw outer suburbs designated as Business Core Cities (BCCs). However, as the national economy and population growth have stagnated and Tokyo’s needs as a world city have come to the fore, the outer suburbs have been left exposed. Despite attempts to reinforce outer suburban growth with the BCC policy, Tokyo’s is a story of edge city denied. At a time when attention has turned to planning for the increased urbanity of suburbs or arresting inner suburban decline, Tokyo speaks to a phenomenon of outer suburban decline barely conceivable in mature economies.
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Anacker, Katrin B. "City suburbs: Placing suburbia in a post-suburban world, by Alan Mace". Journal of Urban Affairs 39, nr 3 (27.03.2017): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12241.
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Uddin, Shahadat, Arif Khan, Haohui Lu, Fangyu Zhou i Shakir Karim. "Suburban Road Networks to Explore COVID-19 Vulnerability and Severity". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 4 (11.02.2022): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042039.
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The Delta variant of COVID-19 has been found to be extremely difficult to contain worldwide. The complex dynamics of human mobility and the variable intensity of local outbreaks make measuring the factors of COVID-19 transmission a challenge. The inter-suburb road connection details provide a reliable proxy of the moving options for people between suburbs for a given region. By using such data from Greater Sydney, Australia, this study explored the impact of suburban road networks on two COVID-19-related outcomes measures. The first measure is COVID-19 vulnerability, which gives a low score to a more vulnerable suburb. A suburb is more vulnerable if it has the first COVID-19 case earlier and vice versa. The second measure is COVID-19 severity, which is proportionate to the number of COVID-19-positive cases for a suburb. To analyze the suburban road network, we considered four centrality measures (degree, closeness, betweenness and eigenvector) and core–periphery structure. We found that the degree centrality measure of the suburban road network was a strong and statistically significant predictor for both COVID-19 vulnerability and severity. Closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality were also statistically significant predictors for COVID-19 vulnerability and severity, respectively. The findings of this study could provide practical insights to stakeholders and policymakers to develop timely strategies and policies to prevent and contain any highly infectious pandemics, including the Delta variant of COVID-19.
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Quagraine, V. K., R. A. Oppong i J. Agyekum-Sah. "Shopping malls as catalyst for sub-urban development in Ghana". Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) 36, nr 3 (12.05.2017): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/just.v36i3.9.
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The concentration of population in major cities is usually the consequence of the concentration of employment opportunities, goods and services in such cities. These goods and services act as pull factors to the regional population, especially from the suburban or rural areas, to densely populated cities. The resulting migration creates congestion of all kinds in the cities. Suburban communities are, thus, rendered unattractive for living. This situation is prevalent in Ghana where 75% of migrants into major cities are from suburban areas and the rate of urbanization is 4.1%. Decentralizing amenities to suburban areas would initiate re-distribution of population and thus development. This study investigated the possibility of using the Shopping Mall concept as catalyst to both help develop the suburbia and decongest cities in Ghana. The West Hills Mall at Dunkonah, a suburb near Accra was selected for the study. A mixed research method including questionnaires, interviews, and observations was used for data collection. Out of a total of 1,642 house owners 328 were sampled and interviewed with questionnaire that delved into their origins, whether they are migrants, and the reasons behind their movement. The study concluded that shopping malls could act as catalysts for development.Keywords: Shopping Malls, Catalyst, Decongestion, Suburbanization, Amenities
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Onusko, James. "Childhood in Calgary’s Postwar Suburbs: Kids, Bullets, and Boom, 1950–1965". Articles 43, nr 2 (23.06.2015): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1031288ar.
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Suburban living has become the definitive housing choice for a large majority of North Americans since the end of the Second World War. A longstanding image of the postwar suburbs highlights a stable and undifferentiated experience for young Canadians. Much of the popular and scholarly literature on these spaces tends to portray them as exclusively middle class, homogeneous, conformist, conservative, and alienating. While Canadian suburbia has appeared similar in outward appearance, increasingly more so in the postwar era, this has not necessarily meant that the suburbs have created total homogenization in the built environment, lifestyles, attitudes, and values of their inhabitants. Suburbs embody substantial economic, political, and cultural power in North America. In the past two decades a more nuanced response from academics on suburbia has emerged, in that some diversity, on several levels, is now noted. This article builds on this alternate view. I argue that young suburbanites were exposed to aggressive imagery, discursive constructs, and everyday practices in an attempt to discipline them for possible military service, ongoing participation in civilian defence, and that they internalized much of this. The resulting general atmosphere prepared them to engage “enemies,” under the auspices of the Cold War that lay both within, and outside, postwar childhood spaces. Evidence is based on oral histories, images produced for children, newspaper editorials, and the school-based literature and art that suburban students created.
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Filion, Pierre. "Evolving suburban form: dispersion or recentralization?" Urban Morphology 16, nr 2 (5.07.2012): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v16i2.3969.
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Transformations in both the approach to suburban growth expressed in planning documents and the reality of suburban development are examined. The North American suburban model, characterized by near universal reliance on the automobile, abundant land consumption, rigorous functional specialization and a dispersal of employment, retail and services, was pieced together between the late 1940s and the early 1960s. While plans from this period concentrated on the infrastructure and regulatory fundamentals of this emerging model, subsequent plans expressed growing disenchantment with this form of development, culminating in the formulation of a new vision of the suburb that breaks with the early post-war model. Examination of a Toronto suburban transect, with layers of development dating from the late 1940s to the present, reveals a mismatch between the profound suburban transformations proposed in plans and actual suburban form. The paper concludes with an assessment of the relative importance of land-use inertia and change. The possibility of an intensified, recentralized suburb that is less automobile dependent is considered.
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Thompson, Gregory L. "Achieving Suburban Transit Potential: Sacramento Revisited". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1571, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1571-19.
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The research examines whether fixed-route transit can serve intrasuburban travel demand. With a direct demand model estimated with travel survey data from Sacramento, California, potential transit demand to destinations in suburbs is estimated, and the link from suburban areas of heavy demand to areas with relatively high demand for beginning trips is assessed. Next, a transit service improvement scenario is simulated to test the sensitivity of suburban transit accessibility to service change based on rail transit with timed-transfer bus connections. It is found that the existing system already carries more passengers within the suburbs than from the suburbs to downtown. Suburbs account for almost 60 percent of potential transit demand in the region, and there is potential for tapping more of it. Finally, typical transit improvements can substantially improve accessibility to potential suburban transit destinations from potential transit origins.
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Oliver, Kelly. "Tiny Leaf Men and Other Tales From Outer Suburbia: Re-Presenting the Suburb in Australian Children’s Literature." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 21, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2011vol21no1art1140.
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This paper explores how, through word and image, Tan’s Tales From Outer Suburbia challenges stereotypical representations of the suburban. Typically, suburban spaces have been represented as aesthetically bland, mundane, and ornamental. Tan takes these tropes and ironically re-deploys them anew, and in doing so undermines anti-suburban sentiment, which has dominated Australian literary and popular culture.
Although the notion of anti-suburbanism in Australian fiction has been well documented, its presence in children’s literature has received far less attention. As a case study, Tales From Outer Suburbia, signals the ability of children’s literature to present more positive representations of suburbia because of its inherent commitment to the socialisation of children, which is prioritised over the tradition of anti-suburbanism.
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Gill, Jo, i Paul Burton. "Suburban Spaces, Suburban Cultures". Built Environment 41, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.41.4.461.
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Jindrich, Jason. "Suburbs in the City". Social Science History 36, nr 2 (2012): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011731.
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Political boundaries are the criterion scholars use most often to define American suburbs; a problematic approach when applied to the late nineteenth century. Annexation distended the boundaries of nineteenth-century cities so far as to obscure broad swaths of suburban and rural districts within their limits. The absence of a literature about these “suburbs in the city” is problematic, because it encourages historical researchers to consider newly annexed territory as urban equivalents of older city districts. This article argues that under the generally accepted definition of suburb, the condition of nineteenth-century urban overbounding obstructs a full appreciation of the historical breadth, ubiquity, and composition of working-class residence outside the urban core. Analysis of the socioeconomic characteristics of regions with suburban population densities within the 1880 city limits of Cleveland, Ohio; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Newark, New Jersey; and St. Louis, Missouri, indicate that researchers have underestimated the degree and diversity of blue-collar suburbanization during this period.
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DINES, MARTIN. "Suburban Gothic and the Ethnic Uncanny in Jeffrey Eugenides's The Virgin Suicides". Journal of American Studies 46, nr 4 (4.07.2012): 959–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812000722.
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If uncertainty and anxiety are the troubling but potentially radical qualities of gothic narrative, suburban gothic has typically been understood in terms of a banal unhomeliness which merely confirms reassuring commonplaces about the postwar American suburbs. In such readings, the suburbs are supposed to embody a desire to stand outside history: either they are places in which people seek refuge from their own pasts, or they represent an idealized past removed from the challenges of the present. This article argues that Jeffrey Eugenides's 1993 novel The Virgin Suicides undermines easy assumptions about the suburbs' atemporality. The novel's various gothic motifs suggest the difficulty of abandoning European pasts in order to adopt the white American identities required for a life in the suburbs; repressed ethnic difference haunts the suburban landscape. Yet Eugenides's suburban gothic also complicates the process of remembering such acts of forgetting: the difficulty of explicating suburban pasts, the novel insists, is precisely a measure of their having become historical. The drive to present comforting, codified narratives of the suburbs is shown to be part of a move – which always fails – to disassociate the present from these sites of conflict and trauma.
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Perkova, M., i M. Markova. "PROBLEMS OF SUBURB DEVELOPMENT OF IN BELGOROD". Technical Aesthetics and Design Research 2, nr 2 (16.12.2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2687-0878-2020-2-2-47-56.
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The article is devoted to the preconditions that served as the beginning of the process of suburbanization around the world; the patterns of formation of suburban areas around large Russian cities are considered. Particular attention is paid to the most pressing problems of the Belgorod suburb. Since the Belgorod suburb has followed the American development path, the problems of Belgorod suburbs are similar to the problems of American suburbs in the different areas such as transport, environmental and socio-economic. Each of these issues is dealt with separately; the causes of these problems are taken into account; global trends in solutions are analyzed, and specific options for solving these problems for the Belgorod suburb are given
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Rhodes, Anna, i Siri Warkentien. "Unwrapping the Suburban “Package Deal”". American Educational Research Journal 54, nr 1_suppl (kwiecień 2017): 168S—189S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831216634456.
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Large disparities in educational quality exist between cities and surrounding suburban school districts and are increasing between suburban districts—a trend that emerged over the past several decades and shows signs of growing. Using in-depth interviews, this study examines how children are sorted into different school districts across a metropolitan area. We find that the ideal educational arrangement for nearly all parents is to live in a neighborhood that guarantees access to neighborhood schools that meets their expectations, something we call the “package deal.” Parents look to the suburbs to achieve this ideal, but not all suburbs provide it. Metropolitan patterns of racial residential segregation, interact with families’ resources and constraints to reproduce racial inequalities in educational opportunities across suburban districts. Integrated approaches to housing and education policy are needed to address parents’ preference to couple residential and school choices and reduce growing suburban inequality.
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Stroub, Kori J., i Meredith P. Richards. "Suburbanizing Segregation? Changes in Racial/Ethnic Diversity and the Geographic Distribution of Metropolitan School Segregation, 2002–2012". Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 119, nr 7 (lipiec 2017): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900707.
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Background While postwar suburban migration established suburbs as relatively affluent, homogeneous white enclaves distinct from the urban core, recent waves of suburbanization and exurbanization have been spurred largely by rapid growth in the nonwhite population. While these increases in suburban racial/ethnic diversity represent a significant evolution of the traditional “chocolate city, vanilla suburbs” dichotomy, scholars have expressed concern that they are worsening racial/ethnic segregation among suburban public school students. Objective In this study, we document shifts in the racial imbalance of suburban schools in terms of several racial/ethnic and geographic dimensions (i.e., multiracial, black–white; between and within suburban districts, among localities). In addition, we extend the urban/suburban dichotomy to provide initial evidence on changes in racial balance in metropolitan exurbs. Finally, we use inferential models to directly examine the impact of changes in racial/ethnic diversity on shifts in racial imbalance. Research Design Using demographic data from the National Center of Education Statistics Common Core of Data on 209 U.S. metropolitan areas, we provide a descriptive analysis of changes in segregation within and between urban, suburban, and exurban localities from 2002 to 2012. We measure segregation using Theil's entropy index, which quantifies racial balance across geographic units. We assess the relationship between demographic change and change in segregation via a series of longitudinal fixed-effects models. Results Longitudinal analyses indicate that increases in racial/ethnic diversity are positively related to change in racial imbalance. However, observed increases in diversity were generally insufficient to produce meaningful increases in segregation. As a result, suburbs and exurbs, like urban areas, experienced little change in segregation, although trends were generally in a negative direction and more localities experienced meaningful declines in segregation than meaningful increases. Findings are less encouraging for suburbs and exurbs than for urban areas and underscore the intractability of black-white racial imbalance and the emerging spatial imbalance of Asians and whites. We also document an important shift in the geographic distribution of segregation, with suburbs now accounting for a plurality of metropolitan segregation. Conclusions Contrary to previous researchers, we do not find evidence that suburban and exurban schools are resegregating, although we fail to document meaningful progress towards racial equity. Moreover, while suburbs are not necessarily resegregating, we find that segregation is suburbanizing, and now accounts for the largest share of segregation of any locality. We conclude with a discussion of recommendations for policy and research.
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Borchert, James. "Cities in the suburbs: heterogeneous communities on the US urban fringe, 1920–60". Urban History 23, nr 2 (sierpień 1996): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800011937.
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While the scholarly literature largely ignores issues of suburban population size, density and heterogeneity, during the 1920s a number of large, densely-settled, heterogeneous suburbs emerged on the fringe of the largest US cities. The article identifies forty-one of these potential ‘city suburbs’ which are defined as communities having minimum thresholds of 25,000 population and residential densities of 6,000 per square mile. City suburbs may have claimed nearly 25 per cent of the suburban populations of the nation's ten largest metropolitan districts. Drawing largely on data for midwestern cities, city suburbs are further identified through their diverse populations by class, ethnicity and race; varied housing stocks and economic activities including retailing, professional services and manufacturing; and political independence from their central city. Nearly equally divided between residential and industrial suburbs, the former, including Oak Park, Illinois, ‘fit’ traditional middle-class suburban descriptions while neighbouring Cicero represented workingclass, industrial communities.
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Yang, Fan, i Zhifeng Zhao. "The Research on the Spatial Governance Tools and Mechanism of Megacity Suburbs Based on Spatial Evolution: A Case of Beijing". Sustainability 14, nr 19 (29.09.2022): 12384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912384.
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The research on the spatial governance of the suburbs of megacities is of great significance for coordinating the spatial relationship between the central urban area and the suburbs of megacities, and implementing the regional functional layout of megacities. It is helpful to formulate scientific spatial governance strategies, and coordinate suburban space and central urban areas to achieve coordinated and sustainable development. This paper uses spatial form indicators to study suburban space governance from the spatial evolution characteristics of suburban construction land, constructs the relationship between different spatial evolution characteristics and the utility of spatial governance tools in the suburbs of megacities, and discusses the mechanism of suburban spatial governance tools. The study found that the spatial governance of megacities runs through the whole process of spatial evolution. Together with the three stages of space evolution, “space shaping, space restoration, space reconstruction”, we present three spatial governance mechanism types: “extensive development with positive guidance as the theme”, “exploratory adjustment with transformation practice as the theme”, “fine governance with management and control intervention as the theme”. In addition, the study also found that direct and indirect suburban space governance tools have different action paths and usage characteristics, and there is a synergistic mechanism between the two types of tools.
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Tian, Yasi. "Mapping Suburbs Based on Spatial Interactions and Effect Analysis on Ecological Landscape Change: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province from 1998 to 2018, Eastern China". Land 9, nr 5 (19.05.2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050159.
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As the transitional area between urban and rural areas, land-use change in suburbs is drastic, which generates negative effects on the ecological environment. However, the identification of the suburbs remains controversial. Usually, the density of the population and residential land is referenced, and the close spatial interactions between urban areas and suburbs are generally neglected. To fill this research gap, this study adopts a case study method to map the suburbs of Jiangsu based on estimating the spatial interactions. First, a regression model is built to estimate the population distribution. Second, a radiation model is utilized to evaluate the spatial interaction at a grid level. After the main urban area is identified based on the high density of the population and construction land, the interaction strength between the main urban grid and other grid areas is calculated, and the grids that share high values of interaction strength with urban grids are identified as suburban areas. Finally, the suburbs of Jiangsu in 1998 and 2018 are mapped, and the ecological landscape pattern metrics are used to verify the effects of suburban expansion. As a result, the suburban expansion of Jiangsu over the 20 years was significant, and the effects of suburban expansion on ecological land fragmentation were evident. On the basis of the results, the enlightenment of mapping suburbs on ecological landscape planning is discussed.
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Flew, Terry, Mark Gibson, Christy Collis i Emma Felton. "Creative suburbia: Cultural research and suburban geographies". International Journal of Cultural Studies 15, nr 3 (27.04.2012): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877911433755.
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Shishchenko, Petr Grigorovich, i Oleksandra Valeryevna Dikhtiar. "RECREATIONAL-LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS OF SUBURBAN LANDSCAPE-RECREATIONAL TERRITORIES OF THE CITY OF KYIV". GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, nr 47 (2019): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.47.149-158.
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The purpose of the study is the recreational-landscape analysis of the suburban landscape and recreational areas of the city of Kiev. The research methodology includes the use of the method of comparison, analysis, synthesis and synthesis. Results. The notion of suburban zone, its limits for the city of Kiev is considered. The most common types of green plantations, the area of occupied territory, main forestry and the most common type of recreational activity are considered. The basic health-improving, medical institutions and children's camps, recreation and entertainment suburbs, the identification of its main functions, and patterns of location are analyzed. It was established that the city and suburban area are considered as a single complex as complementary and integral components. The scientific novelty consists in analyzing programs and strategies for greening the suburban area of Kyiv, the main tasks for the next ten years, and the prospects for their implementation by the greening of the city. The practical significance of the study is to use its results when creating and implementing further programs and strategies for greening the suburban area of the city of Kyiv. Keywords: suburban area, suburban territory, landscape and recreational territory, development of suburban zone, location of suburban zone.
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Johnson, Jennifer A., i Megan S. Johnson. "New City Domesticity and the Tenacious Second Shift". Journal of Family Issues 29, nr 4 (kwiecień 2008): 487–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07310313.
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Research clearly shows that, in spite of large-scale social and political changes, women still bear the primary responsibility for housework. Research explaining the unequal division of domestic labor produces mixed results. The authors argue that the “new city” structure of the modern suburbs may be partially responsible for the tenacity of the second shift. The goal of the early suburban movement was to firmly embed women's labor in the private sphere of the isolated suburban home, leaving the public cities to men. The resulting suburban domesticity was marketed through advice literature and wartime propaganda as the ideal way to raise children, sustain better marriages, and fulfill a patriotic duty. With the return of women to the workforce, the iconic 1950s private suburb gave way to a reconstitution of the public and private through the colocation of work, home, and shopping. The authors argue that these new cities take for granted the labor of women and have developed to facilitate the second shift through the commercialization of convenience. The modern urban fringe is built to make the second shift as convenient as possible and in the process continues the social and economic expropriation of women's labor.
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LAZAUSKAITĖ, Dovilė, Marija BURINSKIENĖ i Valentinas PODVEZKO. "SUBJECTIVELY AND OBJECTIVELY INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY INDICES OF THE SUBURBAN RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT". International Journal of Strategic Property Management 19, nr 3 (9.10.2015): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2015.1051164.
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The development of suburban residential areas influences the increasingly growing disparities between residential areas of a local municipal network. Real positive indicator values of settlements are usually used by planners to characterise the residential quality of a suburban settlement and to decide on its future development. These values frequently differ from choices made by urban residents on living under conditions of such interpretive suburban residential quality. It is the essence of spontaneous development in suburbs. This article aims to devise an integrated evaluation instrument that combines the objective and subjective evaluation of the quality indices of suburban residential environment. It introduces the following topics: (1) the identification of subjective and objective indices of the suburban residential environment; (2) development of the previous conceptual model of subjectively and objectively integrated quality indices used for the assessment of the suburban residential environment, and (3) comparison of suburban settlements by the existing conditions of the residential quality and the quality of the residential environment expected by potential residents. This piece of work is a part of a wider research.
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Jones, DN, i SE Everding. "Australian Brush-turkeys in a Suburban Environment: Implications for Conflict and Conservation". Wildlife Research 18, nr 3 (1991): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910285.
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Although frequently reported from within the Brisbane city boundaries, the range of the Australian brush-turkey, Alectura lathami, was limited mainly to forested areas adjacent to suburban areas. Since the early 1970s, however, the species' presence in the suburbs has increased steadily and it is now common in many suburbs. Destruction and disruption of gardens during the construction of incubation mounds has led to a significant conflict with householders. This study found the species to be most abundant in suburbs adjacent to forest reserves and major watercourses. A number of extremely isolated populations were also identified. Although suburban mounds contained similar numbers of eggs as mounds from the wild, suburban mounds were more prone to failure, probably due to the use of inappropriate mound materials. Despite some evidence of increasing spread within the suburbs, the long-term survival of the species is seriously threatened by hatchling predation and continued loss of habitat.