Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Subjectness”

The article deals with various aspects of subjectness activity development in social networks, Facebook in particular. The definitions of the following concepts are given: "subject", "subjectness", "levels of subjectness activity", "subjectness activity", "structural organization of the subjectness activity", "representative subjectness". The components of the subjectness structural organization, the level of its manifestation and related phenomena are analyzed. The structural organization of the self-development subjectness (activity) is defined: formation and achievement of personal goals, motivation to self-development; intellectual initiation (reflection and introspection, determination of thinking) and other metacognitions; self-sufficiency; social activity; freedom of choice and responsibility for it; initiative; self-realization; communicativeness, predictive thinking. A special role of self-development subjectness facilitated by self-design and development of intelligence, as factors of subjectness activity and existence of subjectness in general, is noted. A questionnaire on the subjectness activity level of social networks users was developed. The technologies of forming the subjectness activity of Internet users in the form of Internet training were developed and described. The experimental study "Internet training on the subjectness activity development of adult social networks users" was conducted in two phases. The average value of subjectness activity level of different groups of Internet users was determined. It was confirmed that the development of subjectness activity of adult users of social networks corresponds to the level of their motivation to self-development and development of intellectual initiation, as well as other intellectual metacognitions. The main advantages and limitations of online trainings in social networkswere described. The prospects for further research of subjectness and subjectness activity were presented.

The article is devoted to the assessment of the network community as a collective subject, as a group of interconnected and interdependent persons performing joint activities. According to the main research hypothesis, various forms of group subjectness, which determine its readiness for joint activities, are manifested in the discourse of the network community. Discourse constitutes a network community, mediates the interaction of its participants, represents ideas about the world, values, relationships, attitudes, sets patterns of behavior. A procedure is proposed for identifying discernible traces of the subjectness of a network community at various levels (lexical, semantic, content-analytical scales, etc.). The subjective structure of the network community is described based on experts’ implicit representations. The revealed components of the subjectness of network communities are compared with the characteristics of the subjectness of offline social groups. It is shown that the structure of the subjectness of network communities for some components is similar to the structure of the characteristics of the subjectness of offline social groups: the discourse of the network community represents a discussion of joint activities, group norms, and values, problems of civic identity. The specificity of network communities’ subjectness is revealed, which is manifested in the positive support of communication within the community, the identification and support of distinction between “us” and “them”. Two models of the relationship between discursive features and the construct “subjectness” are compared: additive-cumulative and additive. The equivalence of models is established based on the discriminativeness and the level of consistency with expert evaluation by external criteria.

The study of the characteristics of network communities is due to the increasingly complete transition of social life into the Internet space. Subjectness is a key psychological characteristic of a community that manifests itself in its discourse. The method of grounded theory as one of the most advanced methods in the coding paradigm allows conceptualizing the phenomenon of subjectness of network communities by analyzing their discourse. The article shows how this method is consistently used and how the problems associated with the psychological interpretation of constructs generated from the “empirical field” are overcome. So the problem of the diversity manifestations of subjectness was solved by subjective scaling of the contribution of substantive codes during the reconstruction of the structure of implicit ideas about the subjectness of the network community. Further iterations in the process of constructing a ground theory and the development of a short list of discursive markers of subjectness led to the inclusion methods for comparing factor structures. The analysis of the trolling process made it possible to introduce into the developed model of subjectness the ideas about current and potential components.

Russia’s ability to demonstrate own subjectness and become a world leader in the fight against COVID-19 can be viewed as a mobilization Russian civilization code. In the context of growing threats, it is necessary not to wait for this mobilization civilization code to work, but to form adequate mechanisms for proactively strengthening the subjectness of the country’s development and security. The basic technologies for destroying the subjectness of development and ensuring the security of Russia are considered. A system of ontologies is proposed that sets the basis for improving the mechanisms of public participation and public-private partnership in strengthening the subjectness of Russian development.

In the context of the growing conflict with the “collective West”, it is necessary to create adequate mechanisms for governing the country, focused on consolidating the state, soci­ety and business, on strengthening its subjectness to ensure life and development. Philo­sophical foundations are proposed to justify the increase in the role of subjectness and the basic characteristics of subjectness are considered. The analysis of the current state of Russia’s subjectness allows us to conclude that it has a poorly organized subjectness, which has been formed over the past thirty years of the cult of money and admiration for the “collective West”. The centuries-old history of Russia gives grounds for the asser­tion that it has a civilizational code that saves it in situations that threaten the loss of sovereignty. Conventionally, this code can be called the code of “mobilization subject­ness”. The topical socio-humanitarian problems of strengthening the subjectness of Russia are considered, among which an important place is occupied by the problem of improving the mechanisms of public participation at all levels from local to federal. The expediency of forming a new direction in ensuring the security of social systems – “subjectness secu­rity” is substantiated. The basic philosophical and methodological foundations of this work are related to post-non-classical scientific rationality and post-non-classical cybernetics of self-developing poly-subject (reflexive-active) environments – third-order cybernetics. In the context of the problem of subjectness, this approach allows, when assembling sub­jects, to rely on the harmony of hierarchies, networks and environments, creating condi­tions for their convergence, and not opposition. The basis for these processes is a system of ontologies of self-developing poly-subject (reflexive-active) environments, which al­lows overcoming the limitations of the network approach (non-classical scientific rational­ity) and proceeding to the formation of an integral macrosubject.

The concept of subjectness position relative to educational activities is considered in the article as one of the central one for the reflexive-activity approach. The author’s defini-tion of this concept is given. The main results of the research concerning the attitude to educational activities in di˙erent age periods among Russian school’s pupils are given, which show that, on the one hand, it is the subjectness position that is extremely impor-tant for many aspects of educational activities, but at the same time the Russian pupils subjectness position intensity decreases in the adolescent period. Nevertheless, in Russia there are pedagogical systems that contribute to the development of the pupils’ subjectness position.

The English conventional infinitive clauses have either overt or covert subjects. Previous analyses mainly used the PRO Theorem and Null-Case Approaches to show the distribution of the subjectness of the subject-less conventional infinitives. However, this paper investigated the position of the subjectness of the subject-less conventional infinitive clauses using the Minimalist Program’s Movement Theory of Control and the External Token Merge. In this qualitative paper, data was extracted from the previous English Ph.D. research studies conducted by English native and non-native speakers, and analysed using successive approximation analytic tools. The results demonstrate that the control and SSR-infinitives are generated in a similar fashion, which is why they share the type of subjectness. The base-generated PRO, which is claimed to be the subjectness of the control infinitives, is further revealed that is derived from movement. Therefore, for uniformity purposes, the subjectness of the control and SSR-infinitives is found to be a trace-copy (t) or a lexical subject positioned at the [spec-IP], [spec-TP], and [spec-vP]. The analysis suggested connectivity between the structure of the subject-less conventional infinitive clause and the position of the subjectness of the subject-less conventional infinitives as the structure of the subject-less conventional infinitives informs the distribution.

The article provides theoretical background and experimental substantiation of the organization of distance subject-subject interaction in the course of future English philologists training. The actual course of subjectness development in students which is directed to vocational and pedagogical activities applies those informational and communicative technologies which would contribute to the personal development of the students as the subjects of vocational and pedagogical activities. It also deals with the the most rational Internet technologies which provide the didactic resources and the ability to implement subject-subject interaction between the teachers and the students. Hence, distance form of interaction has particular advantages, for example: prompt transmission of different amounts of information to any distance and in any form: sound (Podcast), visual (PowerPoint Presentation), text (a report on teaching practice, exercises, portfolio), graphic, etc.; possibility to effectively change the information via the Internet from the workplace; possibility of interactive communication with the help of purposefully created multimedia information and operative feedback etc. The criteria for the subjectness development in the future English language philologists have been identified. It has been found out that the first criterion concerns value-motivational sphere of the personality of the future philologist; the second criterion is the criterion of subjectness, which characterizes self-knowledge and self-education of the future teachers; the third criterion allows to determine the subjectness of the future teachers concerning self-improvement and self-development at the university; the fourth criterion proves the acquisition of subjectness related to self-reflection by the future philologists. The experimental system of the subjectness development in the future English philologists included four blocks, which define the stages of the subjectness development, and which are united by the common goal and contents. In practice, this system was introduced at the stage of the developing experiment, which provided for the development of methodological recommendations for the university teachers on the organization of subject-subject interaction of the future English philologists within the distance specialized course.

Considering youth as the most important resource for the development of society, it is important to determine how they enter adulthood, which makes them an active subject of social actions and relationships. The formation of youth as a subject of social life can be interpreted as a state and as a process, which are expressed through the concept of «subjectness». The article gives the author's definition of the concept of subjectness of youth, which is considered as an opportunity for young people to show their independence, assert themselves and get real results from their actions, and also defines the spheres of activity in public and private life, within which the subjectness of student youth is manifested. The article argues that the subjectness of youth is a property that cannot be simultaneously and equally manifested in all spheres of activity, but is demonstrated only in certain areas, which can be in different periods, based on the political, socio-economic and sociocultural situation, serve different areas of activity. The article is written on the basis of an analysis of the data of the author's sociological research conducted in the universities of the city of Belgorod using the focus group method, and it substantiates the position that in modern reality the subjectness of student youth is manifested mainly in such spheres of activity as volunteering and family strategies. while in the educational process, in the political sphere and in professional careers, students do not recognize themselves as fully independent subjects.

This article is devoted to evaluating the population’s potential for subjectness in regards to implementing national projects, in other words – the people’s willingness to act in the name of contributing to their implementation: so this is not just a matter of agreeing with any goals and tasks that are laid out, but actively participating in achieving them. The empirical material for this study is based on the results of the first (pilot) stage of an RSF research project titled “Academic project: handling processes associated with social group formation in regions with varying levels of socio-cultural modernization, support from the population of development strategies for the Russian Federation up to 2024”. This article presents a scientific interpretation of the population’s subjectness from the position of sociology of management. According to the author, the main point of studying subjectness was to determine and examine means of building relationships between subjects, with the intention to collaborate in resolving those issues which bear significance to said subjects. The population’s subjectness is characterized by the interactions between society and authorities, where for society it is vital to have the ability to self-organize as a full-fledged social subject, while for authorities the important component would be to create the conditions for a constructive dialog. The results of the study indicate that society does possess a certain potential for subjectness, and the willingness to actively support national projects. Certain group formational indicators for developing subjectness within the population were identified, of the socio-mental, socio-structural and behavioral variety. Its resource base is assessed, with it being characterized by a high degree of self-organization, an active civic stance, considerable experience in management and sufficient administrative authority. The study analyzes the established public attitudes when it comes to collaborating with authorities in discussing national projects. It is noted that the attitudes of active groups of the population mostly tend to be functional (constructive) in nature, as opposed to dysfunctional (destructive), with them being oriented towards cooperating with authorities in the name of successfully implementing any planned national projects.

The article reveals the essence of health from the standpoint of pedagogy and pedagogical ways of preserving and restoring health. Emphasis is placed on the subjectivity and abilities of the individual, on her motivation. Pedagogical ways of their formation are suggested: situational upbringing, the method of analyzing pedagogical situations, forming the activity and independence of the individual, life skills, legal, civic, valeological and moral upbringing of the individual.
Artykuł ukazuje istotę zdrowia z punktu widzenia pedagogiki i nauczania sposobów zachowania i przywracania zdrowia. Nacisk na podmiotowość i możliwości danej osoby, jego sposoby motivatsii.Predlozheny pedagoicheskie do formirovaniya- szkolenia sytuacyjnej, metody analizy sytuacji pedagogicznych, działalność formacji i autonomii osobistej, umiejętności życiowych, prawnego, cywilnego, moralnego, valeological edukacji człowieka.
Понятие здоровья традиционно относится к врачебной деятельности. В то же время существуют и педагогические пути сохранения и восстановления здоровьяв помощь медицине как совокупности потенциальных и реальных возможностей человека в осуществлении своих действий без ухудшения физического и духовного состояния, без потерь в адаптации к жизненной среде [3]. Ключевым словом тут является «возможность», а возможное «обеспечивает перевес» существованию над несуществованием [1]. Таким образом, возможность зависит от мотивационной сферы человека и его усилий для себя (так же как и для его здоровья).

The current situation in the world community reflects the crisis of the dominant model of colonial policy for many centuries and the search for new forms of life on the planet. The concept of sovereignty is key to this search and expectation of innovation. This concept is inextricably linked with the concept of “subject”, which is broader than “sovereignty”. Moreover, the subject-oriented approach sets the foundations for a systematic approach in post-non-classical scientific rationality (V. S. Stepin). As a consequence, the problem of strengthening sovereignty is a particular problem of strengthening subjectness. Strengthening subjectness is the preservation, formation and development of subjectness of various social formations on our planet in the interests of establishing a harmonious and fair world community. With this approach, the idea of the security of social systems fundamentally changes, from a dominant orientation towards ensuring a state of security from external and internal threats, to a leading orientation of security towards development towardsstrengthening subjectness at all levels of the social system. This is a common problem for humanity, which can become the basis for the assembly of the world community as a meta subject of a planetary scale on new humanistic foundations. The system-forming scientific and practical movement “ecology of subjectness” is proposed as a flag and focus for assembling humanity in the search and organization of new forms of life activity. In this work, we limited ourselves to considering certain aspects of the “ecology of subjectness” related to taking into account the specifics of digital transformations and artificial intelligence (AI). The current problems of the formation of the “ecology of subjectness” in the era of digital transformations are identified and analyzed, including: overcoming the value crisis of technogenic civilization; overcoming the technocratic dominance of technological structures;development of post-non-classical cybernetics of self-developing polysubjectness environments (third-order cybernetics); development of post-non-classical socio-humanitarian foundations for assessing the impact of digital transformations and AI on subjectness; the formation of subject-oriented ergonomics of digital transformations and AI.

The persona of Catherine the Great occupies a prominent place in Russian history. The people's perception of the empress's legacy is reflected in Russian folk-etymological toponymic legends. Toponymy associated with the subjectness of Catherine the Great is established in the popular consciousness, which endowed the Empress with the right to nominate geographical objects.

The article considers the subjectness of Zinaida Gippius in relation to the performativity of gender and sex, in part from the perspective of Judith Butler’s theory in Gender Trouble (1990), including of parody as a subversive device, based on the destabilization of the socio-symbolic binary of gender. These questions are discussed in the context of Gippius’s erotic theory and her life-creating assertions regarding eros and sexual identity in her poetry as well as life practices, in which the poet often assumes an ambivalent and paradoxical position. In conjunction with these topics the essay considers her poetic images based on metaphors of traditional women’s work: thread, weaving, and reweaving.

Determining the place of scientific development and assessing its prospects involves an analysis of the formation of its immediate theoretical foundations. In the case when the object of study of psycholinguistic science is the development of bilingual speech and language ability, the researcher deals with the formation of a single complex system with interdependent parts and elements. The development of this object occurs as a systemic genesis, which means that the concentration of research interest on certain aspects of the development of speech and language, for example, on the development of only a second language (SL), cannot be fully justified, and bilingual ability is considered in the context of general speech and language development. In the history of psychology, the ability of a person to master the word, in the broadest sense of this ability, has been the subject of studies that have become classic. In the work of L.S. Vygotsky «Thinking and Speech», questions of the social nature of speech and questions of speech-thinking relations were especially singled out [Van der Veer, 2011]. Interpretation of speech through means of communication, its understanding from the standpoint of the teachings of Ivan Pavlov as the second signal system [Pavlov, 1983] was given by first applied behavior analytics such as Edward Chace Tolman. ...

The dilemma whether there is and should be “feminist poetry” is very similar to the dilemma whether there should be “revolutionary poetry”. In both cases, the question itself depoliticises author’s practices and insists on false ideological pseudouniversality and “sufficiency” of “worker’s subversiveness” of the stylistic gesture itself within poetry. In the book Revolutionary Feminism (2020) edited by Brenna Bhaler and Rafeef Ziada, feminist and revolutionary practices have three common points that are not determinable either as themes or as an agitative political agenda, but rather as a complex operation of resistance. It is about forced and self-chosen migratory experiences (displacements), capitalist organisati-on of subjectness through status ideologies and traumas of racial exclusions and degradati-ons. Thereby, the interpretation of revolutionary-feminist resistance moves away from the category of gender and draws attention to the fact that coding violence has become very complex, close to the coding of “socialness” itself and, on the political scene, deeply preoccu-pied with different types and works of linguistic deregulation. In light of these tenets, I analyse three poems each by seven Croatian feminist poetic voices and their specific metho-dological revolutionarity of resistance, as well as common agendas.

The author explains the purport of the article. He intends to emulate the style of Descartes to the extent possible in the contemporary setup. In his 10 meditations the author attempts to grasp vital capacities of Descartes’ method and to that effect to better understand his intellectual achievements and their current relevance. Cartesian moment or creative impact of Descartes upon dynamics of intellectual advancement is a key moment (point in time) that separates old scholastic ways of reasoning from modern ones as Martin Heidegger amply affirmed in his «The Age of the World Picture». Modern way not only relies on ratio but also on individual creative abilities and personal authorship of an investigator. Hence the author explores creative capabilities of a modern researcher typified by Descartes. The author defines Cartesian methodological practice (style, manner) as distinctly personalized and to that effect subjective or self-centered. This novel methodological artifice of Descartes is coupled with typically modern distinction between subjective (personally biased) and subjectival (pertaining to an independent agency of emancipating personality or subject). Investigating self of Descartes intentionally exploits typically modern cognitive and social property of being a free cognitive agent. It may be called cognitive agency or subjectness ( субъектность , subjectnost’ ) as a counterpart to subjectivity ( субъективность , subjectivnost’ ). Respectively Heidegger while discussing unique Cartesian achievement introduces along a casual notion of subjectivity self-coined terms of Subjektsein (subject-object relations, Subjekt-Objekt-Beziehung) and Subjektität (resolute self-awareness, unbedingtes Sichwissen). It is characteristic that Heidegger carefully discriminates spontaneous personally biased Ichheit and Egoismus from consistently individually conceived Ichhaft. The article examines two epitomes of subjectness: the initial Cartesian archetype and recent Wittgensteinian prototype. While Descartes instrumentally uses it to reshape scholastic thought into a modern metaphysics (cf. «Meditationes de Prima Philosophia» of 1641 or its authorized French translation of 1647 «Les méditations métaphysiques» ), Wittgenstein respectively elaborates his own brand of philosophy of logic (cf. « Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung » of 1921). With Descartes his actual person is nothing but ‘being on his own’ ( ens per se ). Pragmatically this difference transmutes into operation of the actual whole self of the researcher ( me totum ) with development of polar metaphysical abstractions of non-bodily and non-extensive res cogitans and bodily and non-thinking res extensa . With Wittgenstein the equally pivotal personality of researcher reduces into an intermediator (border, Grenze ) between the world and the transcendental logic. As a result, metaphysical subject (metaphysisches Subjekt) or solipsist me (Ich des Solipsismus) shrinks into a non-extensive dot (Punkt) or eye (Auge) observing the world from outside. While new-born Cartesian cognitive agent has to split within itself into res cogitans and res extensa Descartes’ disciples and followers simply ignore bodily dimension. They radically reduce the investigating self to a detached all-powerful Reason turning subjectival Cartesianism of its founder into a non-subjectival version of Cartesianism, supposedly objective and rational. Wittgenstein helps the investigator (his personal self) come back again but at the expense of limiting himself to a border between the logic and the world able to reconstruct both the logic and the world with incessant language games. In his fifth meditation the author emulates both the style and the way of reasoning typical for Descartes. He remembers his student years in Moscow Lomonosov University. First he has mastered phonological principle of distinctive features and then successfully extended its use beyond linguistics into social studies and political science. Being taught dual - fast and slow reading he learnt to skip and then to restore details. The third personal cognitive discretion utilized in investigation of any scholarly issue is the focus on its emergence, further metamorphoses and evolution. The first two have clear Cartesian formation, while the third helps them both to gain dynamism and discretions. Next meditation deals with Descartes’ idea of the (definite article) method and specific rules for applying inherent inventiveness ( rēgulae ad directionem ingenii ). This Cartesian link implies essential affinity between universal instrumentality (organon) of scientific exploration and fundamental (primeval and primitive) cognitive abilities of humans and other species. Such a polarized dual distinction has helped the Center of advanced methodologies to identify three complex transdisciplinary organons (metretics, morphetics and semiotics) rooted in the elementary cognitive abilities to tell intensity of sensations, to recognize patterns and to grasp functional relevance, potentially meaning. Simplex-complex transformations devised by the Center are instrumental in linking the utmostly complex phenomena to equally simple ones through the range of intermediate manifestations and forms. The results of the analytical transformations can be revealed in the sequences of modules related to a master prototype model. The concluding two meditations deal with cognition and its modes as well as the issue of overcoming of Cartesian dualism. The author insists that cognitive scholars’ ambitions to overcome Cartesian dualism are vain. It is Descartes’ method and style - as far as we can grasp them - that can help to overcome fatal schemes ascribed into notorious mind - body problem. The core of Descartes’ thinking is the continuous preoccupation with embodiment of the rational and emotional aspects of his whole self (total me) and disembodiment of its material aspects.

We consider artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) as one of the most important technological mechanisms capable of determining the vectors of the macro-shift from modernity to the future culture. AI here is understood as a fairly broad contemporary scientific and technical field, within which neural networks became the most widespread in recent years. Ethical issues of AI are related to problems arising in connection with the need for its social regulation, where the so-called effects of cultural lag and violations of the techno-humanitarian balance are clearly observed. Consideration of ethical issues is associated not only with the peculiarities of the current dynamics of technical development, but also with the characteristics of subjects that allow the latter to apply certain ethical systems. We consider AI as a kind of quasi- or pseudo-subject capable of demonstrating a number of subject’s properties at a limited level. It can solve a limited range of tasks, for which it may have access to consequentialist approaches for evaluating the results obtained. And despite the accelerated development, we believe that AI should remain such a tool, since moving towards its greater universality will make it less manageable for a human subject. Finally, the solution of ethical issues of AI is a necessary step to clarify its ability to be either an object or a subject of law. In general, the development of AI will inevitably force humans to improve not only technologies, but also the ways of interacting with the latter, while improving humans’ own subjectness, which can lead to a shift towards a humanistically oriented culture or even civilization.

Behind the history of the Slavic short, long and pronominal forms of adjectives is a radical change of the grammatical nominal system. The paper demonstrates that it is not a history of the forms but a history of the evolution of the grammatical relations: definiteness in the opposition to indefiniteness, subjectness in the opposition to attributivity, predicativity in the opposition to attributivity. The discussed problem is just a particular case of the general theoretical and methodological question of the causes of language changes: does the evolution of the system regulate the forms' evolution or do the single forms' changes result in the systems' changes.