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Höst, Martin, i Claes Wohlin. "A subjective effort estimation experiment". Information and Software Technology 39, nr 11 (1997): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(97)00027-x.
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Moran, Mark. "Antipoverty Experiment Boosts Subjective Well-Being". Psychiatric News 47, nr 20 (19.10.2012): 11a—21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.47.20.psychnews_47_20_11-a.
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Wearden, J. H., A. Parry i L. Stamp. "Is Subjective Shortening in Human Memory Unique to Time Representations?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 55, nr 1b (luty 2002): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724990143000108.
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Three experiments compared forgetting of the duration of a bar-like visual stimulus with forgetting of its length. The main aim of the experiments was to investigate whether subjective shortening (a decrease in the subjective magnitude of a stimulus as its retention interval increased) was observable in length judgements as well as in time judgements, where subjective shortening has been often observed previously. On all trials of the three experiments, humans received two briefly presented coloured bars, separated by adelay ranging from 1 to 10 s, and the bars could differ in length, duration of presentation, or both. In Experiment 1 two groups of subjects made either length or duration judgements, and subjective shortening-type forgetting functions were observed only for duration. Experiments 2 and 3 used the same general procedure, but the stimuli judged could differ both in length and duration within a trial, and different subject groups (Experiment 2) or the same subjects in two conditions (Experiment 3) made either length or duration judgements of stimuli, which were on average physically identical. Subjective shortening was only found with duration, and never with length, supporting the view that subjective shortening may be unique to time judgements.
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Kavšek, Michael, i Stephanie Braun. "Infants Perceive Three-Dimensional Subjective Contours". Perception 47, nr 12 (14.11.2018): 1153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618811051.
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The addition of crossed horizontal disparity enhances the clarity of illusory contours compared to pictorial illusory contours and illusory contours with uncrossed horizontal disparity. Two infant-controlled habituation–dishabituation experiments explored the presence of this effect in infants 5 months of age. Experiment 1 examined whether infants are able to distinguish between a Kanizsa figure with crossed horizontal disparity and a Kanizsa figure with uncrossed horizontal disparity. Experiment 2 tested infants for their ability to differentiate between a Kanizsa figure with crossed horizontal disparity and a two-dimensional Kanizsa figure. The results provided evidence that the participants perceived the two- and the three-dimensional illusory Kanizsa contour, the illusory effect in which was strengthened by the addition of crossed horizontal disparity.
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Hirakawa, Susumu, Hayato Sato, Manabu Chikai, Atsuo Hiramitsu, Hiroshi Sato, Jeffrey Mahn, Markus Mueller-Trapet i Iara Batista da Cunha. "Subjective studies on floor impact sound using headphone". INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, nr 4 (1.02.2023): 3303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0467.
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Due to the pandemic situation, it become complex to conduct subjective experiments in the anechoic chamber as a result of the lockdown. For this situation the procedure for the subjective experiments without accessing to the anechoic chamber needs to be considered for an alternative approach. The previous study has shown that there are good correlation between the laboratory and online listening test on impact sounds in residential buildings using ambisonic microphone recording with headphone. Hence, further subjective experiments were carried out with monaural and binaural microphone recordings in an experimental buildings in Japan. The subjective experiment using a headphone in anechoic chamber was held in AIST, Japan. The 3 different floor types, 2 different types of microphones (mono and binaural), at 12 different combinations of impact sources, excitation positions and microphone positions were tested. This study also provided some evidence, and suggested there are potential of the online/remote subjective experiment using headphone.
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Repp, Bruno H. "Metrical Subdivision Results in Subjective Slowing of the Beat". Music Perception 26, nr 1 (1.09.2008): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2008.26.1.19.
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FOUR EXPERIMENTS INVESTIGATED whether metrical subdivision affects perceived beat tempo. In Experiment 1, musically trained participants tapped in synchrony with the beat of an isochronous pacing sequence and continued tapping the beat after the sequence stopped. Continuation tapping was slower when the pacing beat was subdivided than when it was not. Experiment 2 found the same effect when the subdivisions during synchronization were self-generated. The effect was neutralized, however, when subdivisions were tapped during continuation. In Experiment 3, an effect of subdivision was found in a purely perceptual tempo judgment task. Experiment 4 tested musicians and nonmusicians in matched perception and reproduction tasks. Musicians showed the expected effect of subdivision in both tasks, whereas nonmusicians showed a larger effect in reproduction but a smaller effect in perception. Overall, the findings suggest that subdivided inter-beat intervals are subjectively longer than empty intervals, in agreement with the "filled duration illusion" in psychophysics.
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AOI, Ryuji, Shunsuke SATOU, Hiroaki HABUKA i Naoto KAKUTA. "Prediction model of glucose concentration and subjective experiment". Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2021.27 (2021): 11C06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2021.27.11c06.
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Flores, Benito E., i Edna M. White. "Subjective versus objective combining of forecasts: An experiment". Journal of Forecasting 8, nr 3 (lipiec 1989): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/for.3980080314.
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Lai, Jerry, Fiona Fidler i Geoff Cumming. "Subjective p Intervals". Methodology 8, nr 2 (1.08.2012): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000037.
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Suppose you obtain p = .02 in an experiment, then replicate the experiment with new samples. What p value might you obtain, and what interval has an 80% chance of including that replication p? Under conservative assumptions the answer is, perhaps surprisingly (.0003, .30). The authors report three email surveys that asked authors of articles published in leading journals in psychology, medicine, or statistics to estimate such intervals. Overall response rate (7%) was low, but responses from 360 researchers gave intervals with an average 40% to 50% chance of including replication p, rather than the target 80%. Results were similar for all three disciplines. Respondents generally found the task unfamiliar and difficult. There was great variability over respondents, but almost all of them gave intervals that were too short. This widespread, and often severe, underestimation of the variability of p may help to explain why researchers place too much interpretive weight on single p values.
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Rezaee Vessal, Saeedeh, i Judith Partouche-Sebban. "The effect of mortality salience on status consumption among elderly individuals: the moderating role of chronological age and subjective age". Journal of Organizational Change Management 35, nr 1 (13.12.2021): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-12-2019-0392.
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PurposeOver the past two decades, a large body of research has examined the effect of the awareness of the inevitability of death on consumption behaviours. However, the literature has shed little light on the effect of mortality salience (MS) on elderly individuals. The present research specifically aims to challenge the effect of MS on status consumption among elderly individuals.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments were conducted among individuals over 50. The experiments manipulated MS to test its effect on status consumption.FindingsThe results demonstrate that MS positively influences the preference for status products among elderly individuals (experiment 1) and that this effect is less pronounced as elderly individuals age (experiment 2). Subjective age bias, defined as the potential gap between chronological age and subjective age, negatively moderates this effect (experiment 2).Practical implicationsLuxury marketers need to pay attention to generational cohorts rather than other demographic variables in the segmentation of their market. Moreover, subjective age may be a better segmentation variable for marketers than objective variables such as chronological age.Originality/valueThis research provides insights that support a better understanding of status consumption among elderly individuals and the role of subjective ageing in this process.
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Rudner, Mary, Thomas Lunner, Thomas Behrens, Elisabet Sundewall Thorén i Jerker Rönnberg. "Working Memory Capacity May Influence Perceived Effort during Aided Speech Recognition in Noise". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23, nr 08 (wrzesień 2012): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.7.7.
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Background: Recently there has been interest in using subjective ratings as a measure of perceived effort during speech recognition in noise. Perceived effort may be an indicator of cognitive load. Thus, subjective effort ratings during speech recognition in noise may covary both with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and individual cognitive capacity. Purpose: The present study investigated the relation between subjective ratings of the effort involved in listening to speech in noise, speech recognition performance, and individual working memory (WM) capacity in hearing impaired hearing aid users. Research Design: In two experiments, participants with hearing loss rated perceived effort during aided speech perception in noise. Noise type and SNR were manipulated in both experiments, and in the second experiment hearing aid compression release settings were also manipulated. Speech recognition performance was measured along with WM capacity. Study Sample: There were 46 participants in all with bilateral mild to moderate sloping hearing loss. In Experiment 1 there were 16 native Danish speakers (eight women and eight men) with a mean age of 63.5 yr (SD = 12.1) and average pure tone (PT) threshold of 47. 6 dB (SD = 9.8). In Experiment 2 there were 30 native Swedish speakers (19 women and 11 men) with a mean age of 70 yr (SD = 7.8) and average PT threshold of 45.8 dB (SD = 6.6). Data Collection and Analysis: A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for effort rating in both experiments. In Experiment 1, effort was rated at individually adapted SNRs while in Experiment 2 it was rated at fixed SNRs. Speech recognition in noise performance was measured using adaptive procedures in both experiments with Dantale II sentences in Experiment 1 and Hagerman sentences in Experiment 2. WM capacity was measured using a letter-monitoring task in Experiment 1 and the reading span task in Experiment 2. Results: In both experiments, there was a strong and significant relation between rated effort and SNR that was independent of individual WM capacity, whereas the relation between rated effort and noise type seemed to be influenced by individual WM capacity. Experiment 2 showed that hearing aid compression setting influenced rated effort. Conclusions: Subjective ratings of the effort involved in speech recognition in noise reflect SNRs, and individual cognitive capacity seems to influence relative rating of noise type.
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Fukumoto, Makoto, Shuta Nakashima, Shintaro Ogawa i Jun-ichi Imai. "An Extended Interactive Evolutionary Computation Using Heart Rate Variability as Fitness Value for Composing Music Chord Progression". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, nr 9 (20.11.2011): 1329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p1329.
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Interactive Evolutionary Computation (IEC) is known as an efficient method to create media content suited to the individual user. To reduce user’s fatigue, which remains as a serious problem in IEC, extended IEC that uses physiological information as a fitness value have been proposed. As a new extended IEC, this study proposed extended IEC using Heart Rate Variability (HRV), which reflects autonomic nervous activity. A High Frequency (HF) component of HRV was used as the fitness value. Two listening experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of the proposed method. In experiment 1, with a concrete system of the proposed method creating music chord progression, a change in the fitness value was observed. In experiment 2, representative created music chord progressions were evaluated subjectively. The change in the fitness value of the HF component showed no gradual increase. Subjective evaluation results showed that the lowest fitness value was observed in the 1st generation, and the fitness value in the 10th generation significantly increased from the 1st generation (P< 0.05). The result of the subjective evaluation showed the efficacy of the proposed method.
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Zauberman, Gal, B. Kyu Kim, Selin A. Malkoc i James R. Bettman. "Discounting Time and Time Discounting: Subjective Time Perception and Intertemporal Preferences". Journal of Marketing Research 46, nr 4 (sierpień 2009): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.4.543.
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Consumers often make decisions about outcomes and events that occur over time. This research examines consumers' sensitivity to the prospective duration relevant to their decisions and the implications of such sensitivity for intertemporal trade-offs, especially the degree of present bias (i.e., hyperbolic discounting). The authors show that participants' subjective perceptions of prospective duration are not sufficiently sensitive to changes in objective duration and are nonlinear and concave in objective time, consistent with psychophysical principles. More important, this lack of sensitivity can explain hyperbolic discounting. The results replicate standard hyperbolic discounting effects with respect to objective time but show a relatively constant rate of discounting with respect to subjective time perceptions. The results are replicated between subjects (Experiment 1) and within subjects (Experiments 2), with multiple time horizons and multiple descriptors, and with different measurement orders. Furthermore, the authors show that when duration is primed, subjective time perception is altered (Experiment 4) and hyperbolic discounting is reduced (Experiment 3).
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LEE, Hyojin, Kanako UENO i Shinichi SAKAMOTO. "SUBJECTIVE EXPERIMENT ON IMPROVEMENT OF SPEECH PRIVACY IN PHARMACY". AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 20, nr 44 (2014): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.20.165.
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Yokoyama, Sakae, i Hideki Tachibana. "Subjective experiment on auditory localization for traffic alarm sounds". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, nr 5 (maj 2008): 3722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2935192.
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Tiotsop, Lohic Fotio, Tomas Mizdos, Marcus Barkowsky, Peter Pocta, Antonio Servetti i Enrico Masala. "Mimicking Individual Media Quality Perception with Neural Network based Artificial Observers". ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 18, nr 1 (31.01.2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3464393.
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The media quality assessment research community has traditionally been focusing on developing objective algorithms to predict the result of a typical subjective experiment in terms of Mean Opinion Score (MOS) value. However, the MOS, being a single value, is insufficient to model the complexity and diversity of human opinions encountered in an actual subjective experiment. In this work we propose a complementary approach for objective media quality assessment that attempts to more closely model what happens in a subjective experiment in terms of single observers and, at the same time, we perform a qualitative analysis of the proposed approach while highlighting its suitability. More precisely, we propose to model, using neural networks (NNs) , the way single observers perceive media quality. Once trained, these NNs, one for each observer, are expected to mimic the corresponding observer in terms of quality perception. Then, similarly to a subjective experiment, such NNs can be used to simulate the users’ single opinions, which can be later aggregated by means of different statistical indicators such as average, standard deviation, quantiles, etc. Unlike previous approaches that consider subjective experiments as a black box providing reliable ground truth data for training, the proposed approach is able to consider human factors by analyzing and weighting individual observers. Such a model may therefore implicitly account for users’ expectations and tendencies, that have been shown in many studies to significantly correlate with visual quality perception. Furthermore, our proposal also introduces and investigates an index measuring how much inconsistency there would be if an observer was asked to rate many times the same stimulus. Simulation experiments conducted on several datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach can be effectively implemented in practice and thus yielding a more complete objective assessment of end users’ quality of experience.
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Freeman, Jonathan, S. E. Avons, Don E. Pearson i Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn. "Effects of Sensory Information and Prior Experience on Direct Subjective Ratings of Presence". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 8, nr 1 (luty 1999): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474699566017.
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We report three experiments using a new form of direct subjective presence evaluation that was developed from the method of continuous assessment used to assess television picture quality. Observers were required to provide a continuous rating of their sense of presence using a handheld slider. The first experiment investigated the effects of manipulating stereoscopic and motion parallax cues within video sequences presented on a 20 in. stereoscopic CRT display. The results showed that the presentation of both stereoscopic and motion parallax cues was associated with higher presence ratings. One possible interpretation of Experiment 1 is that CRT displays that contain the spatial cues of stereoscopic disparity and motion parallax are more interesting or engaging. To test this, observers in Experiment 2 rated the same stimuli first for interest and then for presence. The results showed that variations in interest did not predict the presence ratings obtained in Experiment 1. However, the subsequent ratings of presence differed significantly from those obtained in Experiment 1, suggesting that prior experience with interest ratings affected subsequent judgments of presence. To test this, Experiment 3 investigated the effects of prior experience on presence ratings. Three groups of observers rated a training sequence for interest, presence, and 3-Dness before rating the same stimuli as used for Experiments 1 and 2 for presence. The results demonstrated that prior ratings sensitize observers to different features of a display resulting in different presence ratings. The implications of these results for presence evaluation are discussed, and a combination of more-refined subjective measures and a battery of objective measures is recommended.
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Tits, Noé, Kevin El Haddad i Thierry Dutoit. "Analysis and Assessment of Controllability of an Expressive Deep Learning-Based TTS System". Informatics 8, nr 4 (25.11.2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics8040084.
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In this paper, we study the controllability of an Expressive TTS system trained on a dataset for a continuous control. The dataset is the Blizzard 2013 dataset based on audiobooks read by a female speaker containing a great variability in styles and expressiveness. Controllability is evaluated with both an objective and a subjective experiment. The objective assessment is based on a measure of correlation between acoustic features and the dimensions of the latent space representing expressiveness. The subjective assessment is based on a perceptual experiment in which users are shown an interface for Controllable Expressive TTS and asked to retrieve a synthetic utterance whose expressiveness subjectively corresponds to that a reference utterance.
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Or, Calvin K. L., i Vincent G. Duffy. "Development of a facial skin temperature-based methodology for non-intrusive mental workload measurement". Occupational Ergonomics 7, nr 2 (26.07.2007): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2007-7202.
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The research aimed at developing a non-intrusive physiological measure for mental workload using human facial skin temperature change. It demonstrated initial results in two driving experiments that showed the potential of using this physiological parameter to infer mental workload. Participants completed driving tests in a simulator in the first experiment. Results of simulator and real vehicle testing were used in a second experiment. Forehead and nose temperature were obtained via thermography. Nose temperature dropped significantly after the drives for all conditions in the simulator tests. A secondary task during driving led to higher subjective workload score and a greater nose temperature drop. Simulator drives led to a higher subjective workload score and a greater nose temperature drop than the real driving task. A significant correlation between the nose skin temperature change and the subjective workload score was yielded in both experiments. Potential applications of this research include real-time, non-intrusive, and automated mental workload assessment for advanced human-system interface development and performance prediction.
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Del Popolo Cristaldi, Fiorella, Giulia Buodo, Filippo Gambarota, Suzanne Oosterwijk i Giovanni Mento. "How previous experience shapes future affective subjective ratings: A follow-up study investigating implicit learning and cue ambiguity". PLOS ONE 19, nr 2 (9.02.2024): e0297954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297954.
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People use their previous experience to predict future affective events. Since we live in ever-changing environments, affective predictions must generalize from past contexts (from which they may be implicitly learned) to new, potentially ambiguous contexts. This study investigated how past (un)certain relationships influence subjective experience following new ambiguous cues, and whether past relationships can be learned implicitly. Two S1-S2 paradigms were employed as learning and test phases in two experiments. S1s were colored circles, S2s negative or neutral affective pictures. Participants (Experiment 1 N = 121, Experiment 2 N = 116) were assigned to the certain (CG) or uncertain group (UG), and they were presented with 100% (CG) or 50% (UG) S1-S2 congruency during an uninstructed (Experiment 1) or implicit (Experiment 2) learning phase. During the test phase both groups were presented with a new 75% S1-S2 paradigm, and ambiguous (Experiment 1) or unambiguous (Experiment 2) S1s. Participants were asked to rate the expected valence of upcoming S2s (expectancy ratings), or their experienced valence and arousal (valence and arousal ratings). In Experiment 1 ambiguous cues elicited less negative expectancy ratings, and less unpleasant valence ratings, independently of prior experience. In Experiment 2, both groups showed similar expectancies, predicting upcoming pictures’ valence according to the 75% contingencies of the test phase. Overall, we found that in the presence of ambiguous cues subjective affective experience is dampened, and that implicit previous experience does not emerge at the subjective level by significantly shaping reported affective experience.
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Herre, Christiane, Petra Klumb i Jana Schaffner. "One Best Way? Leader Behavior and Different Aspects of Team Performance". Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 63, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000286.
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Abstract. In two experiments, we tested differential effects of transformational, empowering, and task-oriented leader behavior on various aspects of team performance (quantity, quality, independence, subjective group performance) using three different tasks. In Experiment 1, 60 three-person teams completed a rank-order task and in Experiment 2, 54 three-person teams completed a construction and an information-search task. In both experiments, a videotaped team leader displayed transformational, empowering, or task-oriented leadership. Results suggested that leadership effectiveness may be a function of group outcome. Only for the tasks of Experiment 2 did transformational leadership result in superior outcomes, specifically regarding productivity and originality. Empowering leadership, in turn, yielded superior outcomes in terms of leader-independent thinking, while task-oriented leadership resulted in the highest subjective group performance ratings – except for the ranking task in which satisfaction ratings were highest for transformational leadership. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Rummukainen, Olli S., Thomas Robotham i Emanuël A. P. Habets. "Head-Related Transfer Functions for Dynamic Listeners in Virtual Reality". Applied Sciences 11, nr 14 (20.07.2021): 6646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146646.
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In dynamic virtual reality, visual cues and motor actions aid auditory perception. With multimodal integration and auditory adaptation effects, generic head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) may yield no significant disadvantage to individual HRTFs regarding accurate auditory perception. This study compares two individual HRTF sets against a generic HRTF set by way of objective analysis and two subjective experiments. First, auditory-model-based predictions examine the objective deviations in localization cues between the sets. Next, the HRTFs are compared in a static subjective (N=8) localization experiment. Finally, the localization accuracy, timbre, and overall quality of the HRTF sets are evaluated subjectively (N=12) in a six-degrees-of-freedom audio-visual virtual environment. The results show statistically significant objective deviations between the sets, but no perceived localization or overall quality differences in the dynamic virtual reality.
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Shlomi, Yaron. "Subjective integration of probabilistic information from experience and description". Judgment and Decision Making 9, nr 5 (wrzesień 2014): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500006847.
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AbstractI report a new judgment task designed to investigate the subjective weights allotted to experience and description when integrating information from the two sources. Subjects estimated the percentage of red balls in a bag containing red and blue balls based on two samples from the bag. They experienced one sample by observing a sequence of draws and received a description of the other sample in terms of summary statistics.The results of two experiments show that judgments were more sensitive to the experienced sample compared to the described one for most subjects, although others showed the opposite bias. The bias toward experience varied as a function of the presentation order of the two samples in Experiment 1 and the presentation format of the description in Experiment 2.The integration of description and experience exemplifies tasks that require integration of information obtained from different sources and in different formats. Informed by the findings reported in this study, I identify some directions for future research on human information integration.
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de Winkel, Ksander N., Tuğrul Irmak, Varun Kotian, Daan M. Pool i Riender Happee. "Relating individual motion sickness levels to subjective discomfort ratings". Experimental Brain Research 240, nr 4 (22.02.2022): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06334-6.
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AbstractHigh levels of vehicle automation are expected to increase the risk of motion sickness, which is a major detriment to driving comfort. The exact relation between motion sickness and discomfort is a matter of debate, with recent studies suggesting a relief of discomfort at the onset of nausea. In this study, we investigate whether discomfort increases monotonously with motion sickness and how the relation can best be characterized in a semantic experiment (Experiment 1) and a motion sickness experiment (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 15 participants performed pairwise comparisons on the subjective discomfort associated with each item on the popular MIsery SCale (MISC) of motion sickness. In Experiment 2, 17 participants rated motion sickness using the MISC during exposures to four sustained motion stimuli, and provided (1) numerical magnitude estimates of the discomfort experienced for each level of the MISC, and (2) verbal magnitude estimates with seven qualifiers, ranging between feeling ‘excellent’ and ‘terrible’. The data of Experiment 1 show that the items of the MISC are ranked in order of appearance, with the exception of 5 (‘severe dizziness, warmth, headache, stomach awareness, and sweating’) and 6 (‘slight nausea’), which are ranked in opposite order. However, in Experiment 2, we find that discomfort associated with each level of the MISC, as it was used to express motion sickness during exposure to a sickening stimulus, increases monotonously; following a power law with an exponent of 1.206. While the results of Experiment 1 replicate the non-linearity found in recent studies, the results of Experiment 2 suggest that the non-linearity is due to the semantic nature of Experiment 1, and that there is a positive monotonous relation between MISC and discomfort in practice. These results support the suitability of MISC to assess motion sickness.
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Jin, Cong, Wei Zhao i Hongliang Wang. "Research on Objective Evaluation of Recording Audio Restoration Based on Deep Learning Network". Advances in Multimedia 2018 (18.09.2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3748141.
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There are serious distortion problems in the history audio and video data. In view of the characteristics of audio data repair, the intelligent technology of audio evaluation is explored. As the traditional audio subjective evaluation method requires a large number of personal to audition and evaluation, the tester’s subjective sense of hearing deviation and sample space data limited the impact of the accuracy of the experiment. Based on the deep learning network, this paper designs an objective quality evaluation system for historical audio and video data and evaluates the performance of the system and the audio signal quality from the perspective of feature extraction and network parameter selection. Experiments show that the system has good performance in this experiment; the predictive results and subjective evaluation of the correlation and dispersion indicators are good, up to 0.91 and 0.19.
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Li, Li. "Study on Temperature between the Testee and the Bed on Ergonomics". Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (wrzesień 2014): 1452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1452.
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Bed interface material can affect the person's temperature characteristics. This article is based on ergonomics principle and method, paralyzed group for the audience to carry the mattress temperature sensation characteristic experiments. Through the subjective survey, found that paralyzed sponge mattress material local temperature influence the human body, through the objective experiment, it is pointed out that different sponge mattress different effects on human body temperature; correlation between subjective and objective analysis found: Waist temperature on the maximum total thermal comfort; the best waves sponge thermal comfort; consistent with the results of subjective and objective analysis.
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Jumisko-Pyykkö, S., V. K. Malamal Vadakital i M. M. Hannuksela. "Acceptance Threshold: A Bidimensional Research Method for User-Oriented Quality Evaluation Studies". International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2008 (2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/712380.
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Subjective quality evaluation is widely used to optimize system performance as a part of end-products. It is often desirable to know whether a certain system performance is acceptable, that is, whether the system reaches the minimum level to satisfy user expectations and needs. The goal of this paper is to examine research methods for assessing overall acceptance of quality in subjective quality evaluation methods. We conducted three experiments to develop our methodology and test its validity under heterogeneous stimuli in the context of mobile television. The first experiment examined the possibilities of using a simplified continuous assessment method for assessing overall acceptability. The second experiment explored the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable quality when the stimuli had clearly detectable differences. The third experiment compared the perceived quality impacts of small differences between the stimuli close to the threshold of acceptability. On the basis of our results, we recommend using a bidimensional retrospective measure combining acceptance and satisfaction in consumer-/user-oriented quality evaluation experiments.
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Hancock, P. A., G. J. Rodenburg, W. D. Mathews i M. Vercruyssen. "Estimation of Duration and Mental Workload at Differing Times of Day by Males and Females". Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, nr 14 (październik 1988): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786762081.
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Two experiments are reported which investigated whether male and female operator duration estimation and subjective workload followed conventional circadian fluctuation. In the first experiment, twenty-four subjects performed a filled time-estimation task in a constant blacked-out, noise-reduced environment at 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000h. In the second experiment, twelve subjects performed an unfilled time estimation task in similar conditions at 0900, 1400, and 1900h. At the termination of all experimental sessions, participants completed the NASA TLX workload assessment questionnaire as a measure of perceived mental workload. Results indicated that while physiological response followed an expected pattern, estimations of duration and subjective perception of workload showed no significant effects for time-of-day. In each of the experiments, however, there were significant differences in durational estimates and mental workload response depending upon the gender of the participant. Results are taken to support the assertion that subjective workload is responsive largely to task-related factors and indicates the important differences that may be expected due to operator gender.
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Dane, Gamze, Aloys Borgers i Tao Feng. "Subjective Immediate Experiences during Large-Scale Cultural Events in Cities: A Geotagging Experiment". Sustainability 11, nr 20 (15.10.2019): 5698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205698.
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Cities are increasingly exploiting new activities such as large-scale cultural events in public open spaces. Investigating the subjective immediate experiences of visitors is valuable to reflect on these events and their configuration in the city. Therefore the aim of this study is twofold: (i) to demonstrate a data collection methodology to measure subjective immediate experiences of visitors and (ii) to test different types of factors that influence visitors’ subjective immediate experiences at cultural events by means of the new methodology. A quantitative research that is enabled by geotagging, paper surveys and secondary data (location characteristics and weather conditions) is applied at the Dutch Design Week event in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. After data collection, a binary logit model is estimated. It is found that apart from age and intended duration of stay, visitor characteristics do not influence the subjective immediate experiences while temporal, physical environmental and weather conditions do. Specifically, it is found that subjective immediate experiences at outdoor locations are mainly influenced by location characteristics. This study shows that the proposed data collection methodology is useful for gathering insights especially on the influence of physical characteristics on subjective immediate experiences. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and with suggestions to policy makers and event managers.
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Liu, Wei, Xiaolin Wang, Wenhai Liu, Yuyang He i Ping Li. "Visual perception of traditional Village Landscape: An Eye Tracking Experiment". SHS Web of Conferences 171 (2023): 03035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317103035.
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In order to objectively quantify the visual perception of traditional village landscape, 50 university students were recruited to make eye-tracking experiment of different landscape elements in the countryside and analyze the data to assess the attractiveness of different elements. Eye-tracking experiment quantifies the experimental information. The experimental results show that mountain and landscape structure can mostly attract attention of observers in actual observation process, but this result is different from subjective preference of questionnaire. By comparing the results of eye-tracking experiment and questionnaire, it can be concluded that the observation time of landscape elements depends on the proportion of elements in space; subjective preference depends on the observation time of landscape elements. Therefore, eye-tracking data can assess subjective preference of observers for the landscape, and then have a certain guiding role for the planning and construction of rural landscape.
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Groothuis, Douglas. "THE EMPATHY MACHINE: A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT". Think 19, nr 55 (2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175620000081.
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ABSTRACTEmpathy is an underexplored dimension of the moral life. What if we could enter a machine that let us feel another person's subjective life? What kind of effect would that have on our moral awareness? Since this cannot (yet) be done, I suggest several ways to increase empathy and deepen our moral sensitivities.
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Brandts, Jordi, Arno Riedl i Frans van Winden. "Competitive rivalry, social disposition, and subjective well-being: An experiment". Journal of Public Economics 93, nr 11-12 (grudzień 2009): 1158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.07.010.
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Mukherjee, S., i S. K. Mondal. "PILOT STUDY - A New Experiment on Signature Recognition". Journal of Forensic Document Examination 25 (31.12.2015): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde25-37-45.
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The complexity in signature recognition problems lies in the fact that a signature usually comprises a small number of handwritten letters that may have limited identifying features and, at the same time, contain natural variations from one signature to the next. Even though it is a frequently encountered problem in forensic sciences, the document examiner’s common method of comparing a questioned signature with a group of control signatures depends upon human perceptual and cognitive processes that are often subjective. To reduce the subjective element in signature comparisons, the authors have experimented with an interactive signature recognition system called the Matching Index (MI) that allows a forensic document examiner (FDE) to utilize his/her expertise to select comparable characteristic features in both questioned and control signatures as well as introduce greater objectivity in the comparison process. An evaluation and assessment of the MI developed by the authors of the questioned signature with the group of control signatures has been implemented by considering numerically assessable features and quantitatively accounting for the information on natural variations manifested in the group of control signatures. Such a comparison provides a more objective expert opinion to present to the court. Successful results of a preliminary test, suggest that the present experiment is potentially promising to provide a more reliable and less subjective approach to signature identification.
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Yu, Xiaomei. "Effects of Subjective Type Frequency and Phonetic Structure on L2 Morphological Processing: A Constructional Perspective". English Language Teaching 17, nr 6 (29.05.2024): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v17n6p72.
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Little research has been conducted to investigate the effects of subjective type frequency and phonetic structure on morphological processing. From the perspective of construction, this study carried out two experiments to examine whether these two factors have impacts on the processing of derivatives by Chinese EFL learners. In Experiment 1, the masked priming paradigm produced facilitation effect for the prefixed words rather than the suffixed ones. However, participants with higher subjective type frequency of the target words did not differ significantly from their counterparts in response times (RTs). In Experiment 2, words whose phonetic structure is consistent with the morphological structure took significantly longer RTs than the inconsistent group and the monomorphemic words in the unprimed lexical decision task. These findings demonstrated that subjective type frequency may be a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the generalization of morphological constructions, while phonetic structure can affect the perceptual salience of affix, thus playing an important part in morphological decomposition.
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Yashchenko, E. F., i O. V. Lazorak. "Coping Strategies and Accentuations of Personality Traits in First-Year Students with Different Levels of Subjective Well-Being". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, nr 4 (5.01.2021): 1040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-1040-1049.
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The research objective was to determine the features, interrelations, and differences in subjective well-being, coping-strategies, and accentuations of personality traits. The experiment featured first-year students with different levels of subjective well-being that majored in technical sciences at the South Ural State University (National Research University) in Chelyabinsk (Russia). The research involved the subjective well-being scale developed by Perrudet-Badoux, Mendelsohn, and Chiche in M. V. Sokolova’s adaptation, R. Lazarus’s coping-test, and G. Schmieschek and K. Leonhard’s questionnaire. The experiment included 43 male students (mean age – 17,8), who were divided into three groups according to the level of subjective well-being. The first-year students with high and medium levels of subjective well-being had a wide range of coping strategies. The students with a low level of subjective well-being had an insufficient personal and psychoemotional resource to cope with adversities. The authors also defined priority links between accentuations, coping strategy, and subjective wellbeing. The experiment confirmed the hypothesis that first-year students with different levels of subjective well-being would have different indicators of coping strategies and accentuations of personality traits, as well as different structure of research scale connections. The results can help to create programs for the development of coping strategies in first-year students.
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Yashchenko, E. F., i O. V. Lazorak. "Coping Strategies and Accentuations of Personality Traits in First-Year Students with Different Levels of Subjective Well-Being". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, nr 4 (5.01.2021): 1040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-1040-1049.
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The research objective was to determine the features, interrelations, and differences in subjective well-being, coping-strategies, and accentuations of personality traits. The experiment featured first-year students with different levels of subjective well-being that majored in technical sciences at the South Ural State University (National Research University) in Chelyabinsk (Russia). The research involved the subjective well-being scale developed by Perrudet-Badoux, Mendelsohn, and Chiche in M. V. Sokolova’s adaptation, R. Lazarus’s coping-test, and G. Schmieschek and K. Leonhard’s questionnaire. The experiment included 43 male students (mean age – 17,8), who were divided into three groups according to the level of subjective well-being. The first-year students with high and medium levels of subjective well-being had a wide range of coping strategies. The students with a low level of subjective well-being had an insufficient personal and psychoemotional resource to cope with adversities. The authors also defined priority links between accentuations, coping strategy, and subjective wellbeing. The experiment confirmed the hypothesis that first-year students with different levels of subjective well-being would have different indicators of coping strategies and accentuations of personality traits, as well as different structure of research scale connections. The results can help to create programs for the development of coping strategies in first-year students.
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Mathews, Nathan K., Umer Bin Faiz i Nicholaus P. Brosowsky. "How Do You Know If You Were Mind Wandering? Dissociating Explicit Memories of Off Task Thought From Subjective Feelings of Inattention". Open Mind 8 (2024): 666–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00142.
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Abstract Mind wandering is a common experience in which your attention drifts away from the task at hand and toward task-unrelated thoughts. To measure mind wandering we typically use experience sampling and retrospective self-reports, which require participants to make metacognitive judgments about their immediately preceding attentional states. In the current study, we aimed to better understand how people come to make such judgments by introducing a novel distinction between explicit memories of off task thought and subjective feelings of inattention. Across two preregistered experiments, we found that participants often indicated they were “off task” and yet had no memory of the content of their thoughts—though, they were less common than remembered experiences. Critically, remembered experiences of mind wandering and subjective feelings of inattention differed in their behavioral correlates. In Experiment 1, we found that only the frequency of remembered mind wandering varied with task demands. In contrast, only subjective feelings of inattention were associated with poor performance (Experiments 1 and 2) and individual differences in executive functioning (Experiment 2). These results suggest that the phenomenology of mind wandering may differ depending on how the experiences are brought about (e.g., executive functioning errors versus excess attentional resources), and provide preliminary evidence of the importance of measuring subjective feelings of inattention when assessing mind wandering.
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ZUFFEREY, SANDRINE, WILLEM MAK, SARA VERBRUGGE i TED SANDERS. "Usage and processing of the French causal connectives ‘car’ and ‘parce que’". Journal of French Language Studies 28, nr 1 (13.07.2017): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269517000084.
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ABSTRACTThe difference between ‘car’ and ‘parce que’ is often explained in the literature by the type of causal relation (objective or subjective) that each connective prototypically conveys. Recent corpus studies have demonstrated, however, that this distinction does not hold in speech, and is fluctuating in writing. In this article, we present new empirical data to assess the status of this pair of connectives. In Experiment 1, we test French-speakers’ intuitions about ‘car’ and ‘parce que’ in a completion task, and compare these results with those of a similar experiment in Dutch. In Experiment 2, we measure the processing of objective and subjective causal relations containing ‘car’ and ‘parce que’ in an online reading experiment. Experiments 1 and 2 lead us to conclude that ‘car’ has to a large extent lost its specific procedural meaning. In the literature, the difference between ‘car’ and ‘parce que’ is also linked to a difference of register, ‘car’ being perceived as a formal equivalent of ‘parce que’. We assess the strength of this distinction in Experiment 3, by means of a completion task involving sentences from different registers. Results confirm the effect of register as a distinguishing factor between ‘car’ and ‘parce que’.
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Colle, Herbert A., i Gary B. Reid. "Context Effects in Subjective Mental Workload Ratings". Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40, nr 4 (grudzień 1998): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872098779649283.
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The impact of performance context on subjective mental workload ratings was assessed with the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) and the NASA Task Load Index (TLX). In Experiment 1, a strong context effect was demonstrated. A low range of task difficulty produced considerably higher ratings on a common set of difficulty levels than did a high range of task difficulty. In Experiment 2, increasing the participants′ range of experiences during practice eliminated the context effect. We recommend that methods for standardizing context, such as providing experience with the complete difficulty range, be developed for subjective mental workload evaluations. Actual or potential applications of this research include providing methodologies for controlling context effects in practical assessments of mental workload to increase the validity of subjective measures.
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Väljamäe, Aleksander, Pontus Larsson, Daniel Västfjäll i Mendel Kleiner. "Sound Representing Self-Motion in Virtual Environments Enhances Linear Vection". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 17, nr 1 (1.02.2008): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.17.1.43.
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Sound is an important, but often neglected, component for creating a self-motion illusion (vection) in Virtual Reality applications, for example, motion simulators. Apart from auditory motion cues, sound can provide contextual information representing self-motion in a virtual environment. In two experiments we investigated the benefits of hearing an engine sound when presenting auditory (Experiment 1) or auditory-vibrotactile (Experiment 2) virtual environments inducing linear vection. The addition of the engine sound to the auditory scene significantly enhanced subjective ratings of vection intensity in Experiment 1 and vection onset times but not subjective ratings in Experiment 2. Further analysis using individual imagery vividness scores showed that this disparity between vection measures was created by participants with higher kinesthetic imagery. On the other hand, for participants with lower kinesthetic imagery scores, the engine sound enhanced vection sensation in both experiments. A high correlation with participants' kinesthetic imagery vividness scores suggests the influence of a first person perspective in the perception of the engine sound. We hypothesize that self-motion sounds (e.g., the sound of footsteps, engine sound) represent a specific type of acoustic body-centered feedback in virtual environments. Therefore, the results may contribute to a better understanding of the role of self-representation sounds (sonic self-avatars), in virtual and augmented environments.
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Sollis, Kate, Nicholas Biddle, Ben Edwards i Diane Herz. "COVID-19 Survey Participation and Wellbeing: A Survey Experiment". Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 16, nr 3 (31.05.2021): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15562646211019659.
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Individuals throughout the world are being recruited into studies to examine the social impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While previous literature has illustrated how research participation can impact distress and wellbeing, to the authors’ best knowledge no study has examined this in the COVID-19 context. Using an innovative approach, this study analyses the impacts of participation in a COVID-19 survey in Australia on subjective wellbeing through a survey experiment. At a population level, we find no evidence that participation impacts subjective wellbeing. However, this may not hold for those with mental health concerns and those living in financial insecurity. These findings provide the research community with a deeper understanding of the potential wellbeing impacts from COVID-19-related research participation.
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Giaccherini, Matilde, i Giovanni Ponti. "Preference Based Subjective Beliefs". Games 9, nr 3 (16.07.2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g9030050.
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We test the empirical content of the assumption of preference dependent beliefs using a behavioral model of strategic decision making in which the rankings of individuals over final outcomes in simple games influence their beliefs over the opponent’s behavior. This approach— by analogy with Psychological Game Theory—allows for interdependence between preferences and beliefs but reverses the order of causality. We use existing evidence from a multi-stage experiment in which we first elicit distributional preferences in a Random Dictator Game, then estimate beliefs in a related 2×2 effort game conditional on these preferences. Our structural estimations confirm our working hypothesis on how social preferences shape beliefs: subjects with higher guilt (envy) expect others to put less (more) effort, which reduces the expected difference in payoffs.
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Borst, Christoph W., i Richard A. Volz. "Evaluation of a Haptic Mixed Reality System for Interactions with a Virtual Control Panel". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14, nr 6 (grudzień 2005): 677–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474605775196562.
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We present a haptic feedback technique that combines feedback from a portable force-feedback glove with feedback from direct contact with rigid passive objects. This approach is a haptic analogue of visual mixed reality, since it can be used to haptically combine real and virtual elements in a single display. We discuss device limitations that motivated this combined approach and summarize technological challenges encountered. We present three experiments to evaluate the approach for interactions with buttons and sliders on a virtual control panel. In our first experiment, this approach resulted in better task performance and better subjective ratings than the use of only a force-feedback glove. In our second experiment, visual feedback was degraded and the combined approach resulted in better performance than the glove-only approach and in better ratings of slider interactions than both glove-only and passive-only approaches. A third experiment allowed subjective comparison of approaches and provided additional evidence that the combined approach provides the best experience.
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Nawała, Jakub, Margaret H. Pinson, Mikołaj Leszczuk i Lucjan Janowski. "Study of Subjective Data Integrity for Image Quality Data Sets with Consumer Camera Content". Journal of Imaging 6, nr 3 (25.02.2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6030007.
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We need data sets of images and subjective scores to develop robust no reference (or blind) visual quality metrics for consumer applications. These applications have many uncontrolled variables because the camera creates the original media and the impairment simultaneously. We do not fully understand how this impacts the integrity of our subjective data. We put forward two new data sets of images from consumer cameras. The first data set, CCRIQ2, uses a strict experiment design, more suitable for camera performance evaluation. The second data set, VIME1, uses a loose experiment design that resembles the behavior of consumer photographers. We gather subjective scores through a subjective experiment with 24 participants using the Absolute Category Rating method. We make these two new data sets available royalty-free on the Consumer Digital Video Library. We also present their integrity analysis (proposing one new approach) and explore the possibility of combining CCRIQ2 with its legacy counterpart. We conclude that the loose experiment design yields unreliable data, despite adhering to international recommendations. This suggests that the classical subjective study design may not be suitable for studies using consumer content. Finally, we show that Hoßfeld–Schatz–Egger α failed to detect important differences between the two data sets.
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Schmidt-Polończyk, Natalia. "Subjective individuals’ perception during evacuation in road tunnels: Post-experiment survey results". PLOS ONE 18, nr 3 (30.03.2023): e0283461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283461.
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The aim of the research was to analyse the process of evacuation from the point of view of the individual’s perception, behaviour and decision making. The study used a survey method that was conducted during two real-scale evacuation experiments in real road tunnels under smoky conditions. All experiments, with fire scenarios and procedures were very similar to real accident. Respondents’ observations and important aspects affecting the evacuation process were verified, including decision-making during evacuation, loss of bearing in smoky conditions and group evacuation. The results indicate that participants in the experiments had started the evacuation due to smoke in the tunnel and fire drill. The evacuees observed decreased visibility on the escape route as well as a loss of bearing in the tunnel when smoke levels were high (extinction coefficient Cs > 0,7 m-1). The participants in the experiment evacuated in a group (when the tunnel infrastructure was unknown and there was no instruction as to what to do) and in twos under the smokiest conditions (extinction coefficient Cs~1.0–1.1m-1). During the experiments, the large impact of herding behaviour and following the group was noticed. The results of such studies based on real-scale evacuation experiments in road tunnels are essential to improve the level of safety in the road tunnel. In the surveys, the participants pointed to important issues related to evacuation, which require particular attention during the design, implementation and acceptance of this type of construction. The results of the study provide a better understanding of the behaviour of evacuees and indicate areas where tunnel infrastructure needs to be improved.
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Sandford, James, Woodrow Barfield i James Foley. "Empirical Studies of Interactive Computer Graphics: Perceptual and Cognitive Issues". Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, nr 5 (wrzesień 1987): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100508.
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Two experiments were performed to test the effects of varying computer graphics realism cues (wireframe vs. solid figures, flat vs. smooth shading for solid figures, and one or two light sources for solid figures) on the performance of a standard cognitive task (mental rotation) and on the subjective perceived realism of the computer-generated images. In the mental rotation experiment, mean reaction times were slower for wireframe than for smooth and flat shaded images and significant effects for figure complexity and angle of rotation were shown. In the second experiment, subjective ratings of image realism indicated that wireframe images were viewed as less realistic than solid model images and that number of light sources was more important in conveying image realism to users than was the type of shading.
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Eberhardt, Lisa V., Anke Huckauf i Katrin M. Kliegl. "Effects of Neutral and Fearful Mood on Duration Estimation of Neutral and Fearful Face Stimuli". Timing & Time Perception 4, nr 1 (10.03.2016): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002060.
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Previous research showed that fearful faces produce longer temporal estimates than neutral faces. This study probed whether fearful mood enhances this effect. In two experiments, participants viewed neutral and threatening film excerpts and subsequently evaluated the duration of neutral and fearful faces in a bisection task. In Experiment 1, where neutral mood was induced before fearful mood, skin conductance levels (SCLs) and subjective emotion ratings indicated successful mood induction. Compared to neutral mood, fearful mood lengthened subjective duration estimates irrespective of stimulus quality. Additionally, stimuli of fearful faces were temporally overestimated relative to neutral faces; but only in neutral, not in fearful mood. In Experiment 2, where fearful mood was induced before neutral mood, subjective emotion ratings, but not SCLs, indicated successful mood induction. Moreover, neither mood nor facial expressions influenced duration estimation. Taken together, the results show that fearful mood may accelerate an internal pacemaker but does not enhance temporal perception differences between fearful and neutral faces. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of dissociating stimulus, state, and trait emotionality for our understanding of emotional influences on temporal perception.
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Cederblad, Anna Matilda Helena, Juho Äijälä, Søren Krogh Andersen, Mary Joan MacLeod i Arash Sahraie. "Phasic Alertness and Multisensory Integration Contribute to Visual Awareness of Weak Visual Targets in Audio-Visual Stimulation under Continuous Flash Suppression". Vision 6, nr 2 (3.06.2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision6020031.
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Multisensory stimulation is associated with behavioural benefits, including faster processing speed, higher detection accuracy, and increased subjective awareness. These effects are most likely explained by multisensory integration, alertness, or a combination of the two. To examine changes in subjective awareness under multisensory stimulation, we conducted three experiments in which we used Continuous Flash Suppression to mask subthreshold visual targets for healthy observers. Using the Perceptual Awareness Scale, participants reported their level of awareness of the visual target on a trial-by-trial basis. The first experiment had an audio-visual Redundant Signal Effect paradigm, in which we found faster reaction times in the audio-visual condition compared to responses to auditory or visual signals alone. In two following experiments, we separated the auditory and visual signals, first spatially (experiment 2) and then temporally (experiment 3), to test whether the behavioural benefits in our multisensory stimulation paradigm could best be explained by multisensory integration or increased phasic alerting. Based on the findings, we conclude that the largest contributing factor to increased awareness of visual stimuli accompanied by auditory tones is a rise in phasic alertness and a reduction in temporal uncertainty with a small but significant contribution of multisensory integration.
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Morinaga, Makoto, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Kazuyuki Hanaka, Koji Shimoyama, Toshiyasu Nakazawa i Naoaki Shinohara. "A laboratory experiment on subjective evaluation of the sound quality of aircraft noise". INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, nr 5 (30.11.2023): 3943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0563.
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This study investigates the relationship between aircraft noise's sound quality and subjective impressions. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine how the impression of aircraft noise differs depending on its sound quality. First, an experiment by the semantic differential method was conducted using sounds of various aircraft models, including those from the 2000s and earlier, as stimuli. The results showed that even when the A-weighted sound pressure levels were equal, the sounds of recent aircraft were perceived more positively, suggesting that a decrease in sharpness was the cause. In addition, another experiment by the method of adjustment was conducted to examine the effect of extraordinary tonal sounds included in aircraft noises. As a result, it could not be said that the extraordinary tonal sounds negatively affected the evaluation of aircraft noise.
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Nishihara, S., M. Okada, H. Miyake, H. Yamaguchi i N. Yoshizawa. "Calculation model of spaciousness in rooms with windows-Experimental procedure for spaciousness evaluation using VR-". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1099, nr 1 (1.11.2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1099/1/012002.
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Abstract Spaciousness is an important psychophysical value of space which has impacts on building occupants’ satisfaction and wellness. Previous research revealed through subjective experiments in spaces without windows that spaciousness is affected not only by the physical volume of space but also by lighting environment, and the effect can be estimated with a calculation model with average luminance and “dark-part-reduced visible volume”. The purpose of this study is to expand the scope of the calculation model to spaces with windows through subjective experiment, and for that, to improve the experimental procedure for steady comparison of various spaces in size avoiding stimulus range bias. We determined “typical standard conditions” as three sizes of simple rectangular spaces with uniform general lighting to cover experiments which use comparative condition spaces in visible volume of 10m3-2490m3. These are created with Virtual Reality to enable subjects to compare spaces apart from each other in reality, and to reduce the cost of preparing various spaces. We conducted a subjective experiment with this improved procedure in a room with windows and revealed that the accuracy of calculation model can be improved by additionally considering configuration factors of windows and applying different weighting factors to the volume corresponding to the windows.