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Lea, Patrick D. "Fluid Structure Interaction with Applications in Structural Failure". Thesis, Northwestern University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3605735.
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Methods for modeling structural failure with applications for fluid structure interaction (FSI) are developed in this work. Fracture as structural failure is modeled in this work by both the extended finite element method (XFEM) and element deletion. Both of these methods are used in simulations coupled with fluids modeled by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The methods presented here allow the fluid to pass through the fractured areas of the structure without any prior knowledge of where fracture will occur. Fracture modeled by XFEM is compared to an experimental result as well as a test problem for two phase coupling. The element deletion results are compared with an XFEM test problem, showing the differences and similarities between the two methods.
A new method for modeling fracture is also proposed in this work. The new method combines XFEM and element deletion to provide a robust implementation of fracture modeling. This method integrates well into legacy codes that currently have element deletion functionality. The implementation allows for application by a wide variety of users that are familiar with element deletion in current analysis tools. The combined method can also be used in conjunction with the work done on fracture coupled with fluids, discussed in this work.
Structural failure via buckling is also examined in an FSI framework. A new algorithm is produced to allow for structural subcycling during the collapse of a pipe subjected to a hydrostatic load. The responses of both the structure and the fluid are compared to a non-subcycling case to determine the accuracy of the new algorithm.
Overall this work looks at multiple forms of structural failure induced by fluids modeled by CFD. The work extends what is currently possible in FSI simulations.
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García, García Julio Abraham. "Reduction of seismically induced structural vibrations considering soil-structure interaction". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969246390.
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Rahgozar, Mohammad Ali Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil. "Semismic soil-structure interaction analysis of structural base shear amplification". Ottawa, 1993.
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Tan, Mengmeng. "Structural optimization of polypod-like structured DNA based on structural analysis and interaction with cells". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253233.
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Campagna, Anne. "Structural analysis of protein interaction networks". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84111.
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Interactions between proteins give rise to many functions in cells. In the lastdecade, highthroughput experiments have identified thousands of protein interactions, which are often represented together as large protein interaction networks. However, the classical way of representing interaction networks, as nodes and edges, is too limited to take dynamic properties such as compatible and mutually exclusive interactions into account. In this work, we study protein interaction networks using structural information. More specifically, the analysis of protein interfaces in threedimensional protein structures enables us to identify which interfaces are compatible and which are not. Based on this principle, we have implemented a method, which aims at the analysis of protein interaction networks from a structural point of view by (1) predicting possible binary interactions for proteins that have been found in complex experimentally and (2) identifying possible mutually exclusive and compatible complexes. We validated our method by using positive and negative reference sets from literature and set up an assay to benchmark the identification of compatible and mutually exclusive structural interactions. In addition, we reconstructed the protein interaction network associated with the G proteincoupled receptor Rhodopsin and defined related functional submodules by combining interaction data with structural analysis of the network. Besides its established role in vision, our results suggest that Rhodopsin triggers two additional signaling pathways towards (1) cytoskeleton dynamics and (2) vesicular trafficking.Las funciones de las proteínas resultan de la manera con la que interaccionan entre ellas. Los experimentos de alto rendimiento han permitido identificar miles de interacciones de proteínas que forman parte de redes grandes y complejas. En esta tesis, utilizamos la información de estructuras de proteínas para estudiar las redes de interacciones de proteínas. Con esta información, se puede entender como las proteínas interaccionan al nivel molecular y con este conocimiento se puede identificar las interacciones que pueden ocurrir al mismo tiempo de las que están incompatibles. En base a este principio, hemos desarrollado un método que permite estudiar las redes de interacciones de proteínas con un punto de vista mas dinámico de lo que ofrecen clásicamente. Además, al combinar este método con minería de la literatura y Los datos de la proteomica hemos construido la red de interacciones de proteínas asociada con la Rodopsina, un receptor acoplado a proteínas G y hemos identificado sus sub--‐módulos funcionales. Estos análisis surgieron una novel vıa de señalización hacia la regulación del citoesqueleto y el trafico vesicular por Rodopsina, además de su papel establecido en la visión.
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Stalker, R. "Engineer-computer interaction for structural monitoring". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/11792/.
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Thorpe, Christopher John. "Structural analysis of MHC : peptide interaction". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321649.
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Southall, Stacey Mary. "Structural studies of protein interaction modules". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615774.
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Gallagher, Timothy. "Towards multi-scale reacting fluid-structure interaction: micro-scale structural modeling". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53483.
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The fluid-structure interaction of reacting materials requires computational models capable of resolving the wide range of scales present in both the condensed phase energetic materials and the turbulent reacting gas phase. This effort is focused on the development of a micro-scale structural model designed to simulate heterogeneous energetic materials used for solid propellants and explosives. These two applications require a model that can track moving surfaces as the material burns, handle spontaneous formation of discontinuities such as cracks, model viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials, include finite-rate kinetics, and resolve both micro-scale features and macro-scale trends. Although a large set of computational models is applied to energetic materials, none meet all of these criteria. The Micro-Scale Dynamical Model serves as the basis for this work. The model is extended to add the capabilities required for energetic materials. Heterogeneous solid propellant burning simulations match experimental burn rate data and descriptions of material surface. Simulations of realistic heterogeneous plastic-bound explosives undergoing impact predict the formation of regions of localized heating called hotspots which may lead to detonation in the material. The location and intensity of these hotspots is found to vary with the material properties of the energetic crystal and binder and with the impact velocity. A statistical model of the hotspot peak temperatures for two frequently used energetic crystals indicates a linear relationship between the hotspot intensity and the impact velocity. This statistical model may be used to generate hotspot fields in macro-scale simulations incapable of resolving the micro-scale heating that occurs in heterogeneous explosives.
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Sribalaskandarajah, Kandiah. "A computational framework for dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10180.
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Wolz, Michael W. "Nonlinear interaction between building structural systems and nonstructural cladding". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20129.
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Kar, Santwana. "Structural studies of tau interaction with microtubules". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615812.
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Lorenz, Sonja. "Structural Studies on the Paxillin Interaction Network". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491349.
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The protein paxillinplays a crucial role in the regulation of cell attachment, spreading and motility by providing docking sites for structural and signalling molecules in focal adhesions. Its N-terminal region (33 kD) mediates a variety of protein interactions, often via five short leucine-rich sequences known as 'LD motifs'. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the structure and interactions of this region of paxillin. The entire N-terminal region and various fragments were produced by recombinant methods. Primary sequence analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveal that this region is intrinsically disordered. Long fragments are shown to associate with the focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Gel filtration and SAXS were used to study the stoichiometry and shape of the paxillin-FAT complexes formed. Testable structural models involving 1 : 2 stoichiometry are proposed. Another key protein that associates with paxillin LD motifs is actopaxin. The crystal structures of the C-terminal CH-domain of actopaxin (1.05 A.resolution) and its complex with the LD1 motif of paxillin (2.1 A resolution) were solved. It was found that the LD binding site is located at the edge of the canonical CH domain and includes part of the adjacent inter-CH-domain linker. The topology of the binding site is fundamentally different from the LD binding FAT domain, indicating that LD motif recognition does not depend on a conserved fold. The actopaxin-LD-motif interaction was also characterised in solution. This study reveals that all five paxillinderived LD motifs bind to actopaxin, albeit with varying affinities. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement experiments provide evidence that the same binding site of actopaxin can accommodate LD motifs in either of two anti-parallel orientations. It is suggested that this high degree of binding degeneracy may facilitate the assembly of dynamic signalling complexes in vivo. NMR was also used to explore the structural basis of a number of diverse interactions relevant to the paxillin signalling hub, such as the engagement of actopaxin with actin and the postulated interaction between the FAT domain of FAK and the FERM domain of talin. Further studies concerned the association of the cytoplasmic tails of integrin receptors with the N-terminal region of paxillin, the rod domain of talin as well as type-I PKA. A common theme emerging from these experiments is the notion that the functional properties of integrin-tails may be influenced by their dimerisation and/or clustering at the cell membrane.
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Lee, June. "Hydro-impact, fluid-structure interaction and structural response of modern racing yacht". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/142787/.
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In recent years, faster, lighter and bigger are the key issues in a modern racing yacht for extreme performance. As a result, many yachts have experienced various structural failures caused by the hydrodynamic impact or ’hydro-impact’ phenomenon by slamming. The structural failure by hydro-impact originates from the facts that the external hydro-impact load and fluid structure interaction effect is somewhat misled and when applying the load into current structural design, the ’dynamic’ load is typically, manipulated in a ’static’ way with fluid structure interaction effect, generally, ignored. In this thesis, the hydro-impact load by slamming, its fluid structure interaction effect and dynamic response of the local structure of the yacht are studied. Firstly, to acquire insight into the hydro-impact phenomenon, a series of drop tests and seakeeping-slamming tests are carried out with various sensing instruments of pressure transducers, accelerometer and ’slam patch system’ - a specific application form of generally known pressure panel - are installed. The slam patch system is designed and implemented to investigate the hydro-impact loads and fluid structure interaction effect of slamming. Afterward, the measured hydro-impact loads are summarised via statistical manipulations with regard to pressure and duration time. Secondly, impact pressure by the rules and regulations of various organisations are provided to compare it with the experimental results and structural response calculations. The applicability of the rules and regulations on the high performance racing yacht is also pointed out. Finally, the manipulated loads are used as input data to simulate the transient response of local structure of the yacht structure. Throughout this study, the dynamic and fluid structure interaction effect by hydroimpact phenomenon on local composite structure can be easily visualised and calculated in a conservative way through conventional finite element analysis work.
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Sun, Hepn Wing. "Ground deformation mechanisms for soil-structure interaction". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303931.
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Thomas, Gareth, i gareth e. thomas@hotmail com. "Compatibility and structural interaction in passenger vehicle collisions". RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070122.125652.
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This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge relating to crash compatibility (the minimisation of injury risk faced by all participants involved in a collision in traffic). The research focuses on the topic of structural interaction in collisions involving passenger vehicles, a phenomenon describing the efficiency of energy dissipation within existing deformation-zones of a passenger vehicle during a collision. A new definition for structural interaction was developed and several metrics to evaluate structural interaction and compatibility in car-to-car collisions were proposed, based on the commonly known Equivalent Energy Speed (EES) metric. The new EES metrics describe equivalent closing velocities for a given collision based on the energy dissipated within the front-ends (EESFF) and the entire structure (EESVV) of both vehicles involved in a head-on collision. These metrics form the basis of the new knowledge generated by this research. Additionally, a new method was developed to measure the amount of energy dissipated through structural deformation in a collision, based on accelerometer readings. This method was applied to several experimental and simulationbased car-to-car collisions and the validity of the method was proven. Based on the energy dissipation which occurred in the car-to-car collisions analysed, the degree of compatibility reached and the level of structural interaction which occurred in each collision was evaluated by applying the newly developed EESFF and EESVV metrics. Thie research also investigates the assessment of vehicles' structures in a standardized procedure with a view to improving structural interaction in the real-world. Several fixed barrier crash tests have been proposed in different configurations and with different assessment criteria. All assessments aim to evaluate the geometrical characteristics of the front-ends of passenger vehicles. A set of factors required from a compatilibility assessment focused on assessing vehicle geometry were identified. The proposed compatibility assessment procedures were evaluated based on their ability to predict the potential for structural interaction offered by passenger vehicles.
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Pullen, James Robert. "Structural investigations into a sense/complementary peptide interaction". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441289.
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Liu, Man. "Fluid-structural interaction effects on vibrations of pipework". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385271.
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Govindarajan, Vijay. "Three dimensional fluid structural interaction of tissue valves". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2508.
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This thesis presents a stable fluid structural interaction technique to simulate the dynamics of tissue valves including bio-prosthetic heart valves and natural heart valves under physiological Reynolds numbers. A partitioned approach is implemented where the equations governing the flow and the displacement of the structure are solved using two distinct solvers. A FEAP based solid solver is strongly coupled to the p-ELAFINT flow solver using subiteration procedure. The flow solver has been massively parallelized so that the domain can be distributed among several processors. The fixed Cartesian method with adaptive mesh refinement in p-ELAFINT enables us to perform fast and efficient flow computations of problem involving moving boundaries such as heart valve leaflets. To capture the structure deformation, Enhanced Assumed Solid shell element has been implemented into the solid solver which is known for its locking free and superior bending characteristics. Aitken Relaxation method which dynamically computes the relaxation parameter is used for relaxing the solid displacement in the FSI coupling. This helps the subiteration procedure to achieve a faster convergence compared to traditional Subiterative procedures with fixed relaxation parameter. Fung type material model with experimentally derived parameters is used as the constitutive model to capture the realistic solid deformation.
Opening phase of a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) model derived from a patient specific data and a pericardial bioprosthetic valve model were simulated using the FSI algorithm with realistic material parameters under physiological flow conditions. It was observed that the valves attained its fully open position under 35 milliseconds which is similar to the physiological opening. The bioprosthetic valve attained a fully circular orifice while the BAV attained an ellipsoidal shaped orifice at its fully open position. In the BAV, strong vortical patterns were observed at peak systole and recirculation zones were observed near the sino-tubular junction. The work presented in this thesis be seen as a platform from which complex patient specific data can be modeled under physiological conditions and as a base to include contact mechanics with which complete cardiac cycle can be simulated.
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Ozkan, Istemi Faruk. "Plastic interaction relations for hollow structural steel sections". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6088.
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The first part of this study reports an experimental program consisting of six full-scale tests on pipe sections under load combinations of shearing forces, bending moments, and twisting moments. The experimental results agree very well with the predicted failure loads based on recently developed interaction relations. The experimental program establishes the validity of the analytical techniques used to derive the interaction relations for pipe sections. The verified methodology is extended to derive interaction relations for square hollow structural sections under combinations of normal forces, twisting moments, biaxial bending moments, and biaxial shearing forces. Careful consideration is given to the applicability limits of the developed interaction relations. A stress resultant transformation scheme is devised in order to reduce the number of interaction relations from 20 cases to only three fundamental cases.
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Fernandez, Carlos Javier. "Pile-structure interaction in GTSTRUDL". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21418.
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Bae, S.-K. "Soil-structure interaction in small-diameter clayware pipelines". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355848.
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Shublaq, E. W. "A study of model pile group-sand interaction". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375520.
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Hamdan, Fadi. "Finite element solutions for transient fluid-structure interaction". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8119.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop numerical tools capable of modelling the nonlinear behaviour of bounded and unbounded transient fluid-structure interaction systems. Towards this end, a numerical approach based on the finite element method was developed and implemented into a general purpose computer program ASAS-NL. Four main developments are reported: (i) The Mixed-Eulerian-Lagrangian description of the continuum has been developed to account for the nonlinear effects of fluid-structure interaction systems and a mesh rezoning scheme derived to be used with it. In addition a predictor-multi-corrector time marching scheme has been used for nonlinear dynamic analysis and implicit temporal integration schemes based on Newmark and a-Bossak methods have been reviewed and implemented. Nonlinear iterative schemes based on the Modified Newton Raphson and full Newton Raphson methods have also been included. (ii) Two-dimensional and axi-symmetric fluid finite elements were developed. The elements are compatible with the Mixed-Eulerian-Lagrangian description of the continuum. In addition the free surface gravity wave (sloshing effect) has been addressed. The purpose of these elements is to model the bounded fluid medium in fluid-structure interaction problems. (iii) Two-dimensional and axi-symmetric Mixed-Eulerian-Lagrangian four-noded sliding interface elements have been developed. The purpose of these elements is to prevent artificial penetration of the fluid into the structure during analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems. (iv) A non-radiating boundary has been developed. This is to be used for modelling the unbounded fluid medium in fluid-structure interaction problems. Furthermore, numerical techniques for modelling shock waves were reviewed and included in the analysis. This new analytical formulation has been applied to several problems for which solutions are available to prove its versatility, accuracy and efficiency and has been shown to give satisfactory results for the cases examined.
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Nyaoro, Dalmas Lucas. "Analysis of soil-structure interaction by finite elements". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8675.
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Kendall, Peter K. "Numerical study of effects of fluid-structure interaction on dynamic responses of composite plates". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FKendall.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Kwon, Young W. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 6 November 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Fluid-structure interaction, composite, carbon fiber composite, dynamic response, finite element. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96). Also available in print.
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Seckiner, Soner. "Parametric Analysis Of Inelastic Interaction In Frame-wall Structural Systems". Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613654/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the inelastic action in the reinforced concrete frame-wall structures analytically and with that analysis to follow the plastic formation of the structure. For this purpose, six mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings with frame-wall are modeled and analyzed to understand the effect of the height and base shear force ratio of the wall on the nonlinear interaction between reinforced concrete wall and frame members under static lateral loads and ground motion excitations. The parametric analysis is conducted by assuming planar response of the buildings under loadings.
The buildings are generated considering the limit design concept suggested by Turkish Earthquake Code 2007 and Turkish Standards TS500, and the frame-wall members are modeled by using spread plasticity elements and fiber discretization of sections. In the analysis stage, each element section is divided into confined and unconfined regions for detailed modeling of the building by using OpenSEES nonlinear finite element program. Two dimensional analyses are conducted under static and dynamic loadings. For static pushover analyses, three different lateral load cases (Triangular, Uniform and First-Mode Lateral Load Patterns) are considered. For dynamic analyses, eight different ground motions are used. These ground motions are scaled to the corresponding design response spectrum suggested by Turkish Earthquake Code 2007 by using RSPMATCH program. Using the result of the complex and simplified analyses, inter-story drift ratios, plastic rotations and internal force distributions of the buildings are investigated.
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Bennett, Terry. "Finite element-based non-linear dynamic soil-structure interaction". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14472/.
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The modelling of unbounded domains is an important consideration in many engineering problems, for example in fluid flow, electro-magnetics, acoustics and solid mechanics. This thesis focuses on the problem of modelling elastic solids to infinity, with the specific purpose of modelling dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI). However, the reader should be aware that the techniques presented may also be adapted to address those other physical phenomena. The need for techniques to model the soil domain to infinity and a qualitative introduction into the problems associated with dynamic soil-structure interaction are outlined in chapter 1. This is done to illustrate why such an abstract mathematical concept of modelling infinite domains has an important role to play within the design process of large, safety critical, civil engineering structures. A brief review of a number of alternative ways of addressing this problem is given in chapter 2. Their relative strengths and weaknesses along with the typical applicability of the techniques is discussed. A consequence of this review is the identification of a very promising rigorous approach [59] which is singled-out for further study. A detailed explanation of this (Consistent Infinitesimal Finite Element Cell Method, CIFECM) method is then given in chapter 3. Attention is restricted to the use of the technique for solving the 3-D vector wave equation in the time domain. The features of the non-linear dynamic finite element code, into which the CIFECM has been incorporated, is highlighted in chapter 4. The non-linear (microplane) material model for quasi-brittle materials is described along with the solution strategy employed. It should be mentioned that the soil is treated within this thesis as drained linear elastic medium. The method of coupling the CIFECM into the dynamic equation of force equilibrium for both directly applied and transmitted loading regimes is detailed. Application of the code follows in chapter 5; firstly by introducing the simplest test problem of one finite element coupled with one CIFECM element to model a surface foundation. Comparisons are made between the dynamic displacements resulting from the method and standard FE solutions obtained from the use of extended meshes and fixed boundary conditions, along with a study of the influence input variables. Following these examples a larger (more realistic) engineering problem is tacked involving the simulation of an aircraft impact on a reinforced concrete nuclear containment vessel. This represents the first use of the method in a 3-D nonlinear structural analysis problem. The results illustrate the practical implications of including DSSI in the analysis. III In chapter 6, a series of general observations on the method are made with an assessment of its value together with a discussion on its wider application to other engineering fields. Possible future developments to make the method more computationally efficient are finally suggested.
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Balendra, Surendran. "Numerical modeling of dynamic soil-pile-structure interaction". Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/s%5Fbalendra%5F120705.pdf.
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Roemer, Sarah Clark. "Structural and functional analysis of progesterone receptor-DNA interaction /". Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Molecular Biology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-185). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Flanagan, Aleksandra. "Structural and biophysical studies of antibody - Dengue virus interaction". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558310.
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Dengue virus (DENV), a member of Flaviviriade family, is a mosquito-borne human viral pathogen, causing every year more than 50 million infections, some of which can lead to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). It co-circulates as four serotypes. Humoral immunity plays a significant role in controlling flavivirus dissemination within an infected host. However, antibodies raised against DENV may be both protective and pathogenic, due to the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), which leads to a dramatic increase in the infection of cells bearing Fcy receptors. As such ADE is a major obstacle in the development of a successful vaccine against DENV. The main challenge in the field is to understand the mechanisms of neutralization and enhancement of DENV infection at the molecular level and identify antibody epitopes that minimize ADE. DENV envelope (E) and precursor membrane (prM) proteins are the main targets of antibodies. Each monomer of E consists of three domains (El, Ell and EIII), of which EIII contains critical neutralization determinants. PrM acts as a chaperone for the correct folding of E and undergoes proteolytic cleavage to soluble pr peptide and membrane-associated M during virus maturation. This thesis reports the functional and structural characterization of four types of antibodies in complexes with recombinant antigens, E and prM. The crystal structures of murine antibodies 3H5 and 2C8 complexed with EIII indicate a possible explanation of ADE mediated by strongly neutralizing antibodies specific to EIII. The proposed structural rearrangement of E induced by 3H5 binding, results in neutralization at a significantly lower occupancy of the antibody on the virus than that observed with 2C8 which can bind without distorting the DENV envelope. The occupancy required for neutralization is directly correlated with ADE as low density of antibodies bound at neutralization may fail to reach a threshold to drive efficient Fc-receptor-dependent uptake. The crystal structures of the fully cross-reactive murine antibody 2H12 in complex with EIII from DENV serotypes 1, 3 and 4 revealed that it recognizes a highly conserved epitope, which has limited accessibility on the mature virus and the ability of the antibody to bind the virus is serotype- dependent. 2H12 displayed high affinity to isolated antigen (EIII) yet the position of the epitope in the mature virus hindered efficient neutralization. The structural analyses of human mAbs recognizing El-Ell prove to be challenging. Whilst the Fab fragment of 30E2 formed a stable complex with recombinant E, and yielded crystals, other Fabs did not bind to recombinant E in a monomeric form indicating that they target epitopes on oligomeric forms of E present only in the virions. DENV cross-reactive human antibodies against prM do not neutralize the infection with DENV yet greatly promote ADE. They bind immature and partially mature yet infectious particles and recognize a discontinuous epitope spanning across pr peptide and M. Initial crystallographic studies of Fab- prM complexes provide a platform for further experiments aimed at the elucidation of the specificity of prM-specific antibodies.
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Ångström, Jonas. "Structural Basis for Hydrogen Interaction in Selected Metal Hydrides". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-245046.
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Metal hydrides have existing and potential uses in many applications such as in batteries, for hydrogen storage and for heat storage. New metal hydrides and a better understanding of the behaviour of known metal hydrides may prove crucial in the realisation or further development of these applications. The aims of the work described in this thesis have been to characterise new metal hydrides, investigate how the properties of known metal hydrides can be improved and understand how their structure influences these properties. Metal hydrides, in most cases synthesised via high-temperature techniques, were structurally characterised using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray single crystal diffraction and neutron powder diffraction and their thermodynamic and kinetic properties by in-situ X-ray powder diffraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy and pressure-composition-temperature measurements. The investigations showed that: the storage capacity of the hexagonal Laves phase Sc(Al1-xNix)2 decreases with increasing Al content. There is a significant decrease in the stability of the hydrides and faster reaction kinetics when Zr content is increased in the cubic Laves phase Sc1-xZrx(Co1-xNix)2. Nb4M0.9Si1.1 (M=Co, Ni) form very stable interstitial hydrides which have very slow sorption kinetics. MgH2 mixed with 10 mol% ScH2 reaches full activation after only one cycle at 673 K while it takes at least four cycles at 593 K. LnGa (Ln=Nd, Gd) absorb hydrogen in two steps, it is very likely that the first step is interstitial solution of hydride ions into Ln4 tetrahedra and the second step places hydrogen atoms in Ln3Ga tetrahedra. The nature of the Ga-H bond is still unclear.
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OLIVEIRA, ADENILSON COSTA DE. "A DYNAMIC INTERACTION MODEL OF TRACK RAILWAY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9498@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOREm uma ferrovia, o veículo interage dinamicamente com a superestrutura (trilhos, palmilha e dormentes) e a subestrutura (lastro, sublastro e sub- base). O conforto dos passageiros, a vibração no solo e a freqüência dos trabalhos, de manutenção tanto dos veículos como também dos trilhos são determinadas considerando-se que todos os elementos estruturais interagem entre si. A resposta de cada componente estrutural é sensível µa pressão do eixo da roda no trilho, µas irregularidades na superfície do trilho e µa velo- cidade do trem, que está relacionada com à velocidade crítica na ferrovia (velocidade da fase mínima com que as ondas se propagam no trilho e no dormente). No projeto de uma nova ferrovia, como também na própria ava- liação das condições de trabalho de ferrovias existentes, todos os aspectos brevemente mencionados acima têm que ser levados em conta em um modelo matemático. A interação trilho-palmilha-dormente-lastro é representada por um modelo unidimensional em que os trilhos são representados por vigas de Timoshenko, assim como os dormentes; o lastro é representado por uma fundação elástica com amortecimento viscoso. A interação local entre tri- lho e dormente é simulada utilizando um elemento de treliça com rigidez e amortecimento. As propriedades mecânicas de cada componente da ferro- via são na maioria dos casos desconhecidas, principalmente as propriedades do lastro. Para cada elemento, são desenvolvidas as equações de equilíbrio entre esforços e deslocamentos. As equações de equilíbrio global são dadas por um desenvolvimento em série das matrizes de massa, rigidez e amorte- cimento em função de uma freqüência circular de vibração. O interesse final é a resposta transiente no domínio do tempo, obtida utilizando técnicas de superposição modal. Por fim, são propostos três modelos globais para a ferrovia, obtidos considerando algumas modificações no dormente.
In a railway, the vehicle interacts dynamically with a track superstructure (rails, rail pad and sleepers) and sub-structure (ballast, sub-ballast, sub- grade). Passengers' comfort, environmental loading (ground vibration) and frequency of maintenance works of vehicles as well as of the track are deter- mined by the way all the structural elements interact. The response of each single structural component is sensitive to the wheel-axle pressure on the track, the effects of joint in un welded rails, the unevenness of wheel and rail, and the train speed as referred to the track critical velocity (minimum phase velocity of bending waves propagating in the track rails, supported by the ballast). An important issue is for example how the ballast will be affected when old, soft, timber sleepers and replaced by much, stiffer, pres- tressed concrete elements, and how newly introduced irregularities propa- gate along the track, among uncountable mathematical model possibilities, the presents a rail-pad-sleeper-ballast model mainly based on an assemble of Timoshenko beam elements (for the rail) including, in case of the sle- epers, elastic foundation (for the ballast) and viscous damping. The local interaction of the rail-pad-sleeper set is simulated with a bar element that includes damping. The dissertation reports on the numerical model, which relies on exact, dynamic beam and truss elements derived on a variational basis for the frequency-domain analysis. The model enable the assessment of the vibration characteristics of a rail track, the inverse evaluation of se- veral mechanical properties of the structural components and eventually, if everything goes well, the assessment of a dynamic behavior of the rail track actual service load. Theoretical basis for transient analysis is the advanced mode superposition technique. Finally, are proposed three global models for the railway, obtained considering some modifications in the sleeper.
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Nemirovsky, Paul 1975. "Improvisational interaction : a framework for structural exploration of media". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36157.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-108).
Whenever we use computers to interact with media, our experience is that of direct control, and the goal of our interactions is either artifact-production (the editor paradigm) or passive exploration (the browser paradigm). This thesis proposes an alternative: a model of media interaction based on the ideas of non-idiomatic improvisation that encourages active exploration of media and its structures. We argue that in order to facilitate this kind of exploration, (1) computational tools must actively participate in the creative process and (2) the interaction framework must allow structural exploration of media. This leads to our main claim: improvisation should be considered a valid and appropriate paradigm for media interaction. To this extent, we present a Cognitive Model of Improvisational action (CMIA) that integrates element-centric and process-centric (structural) modes of control into a single framework for media exploration. This model allows participants to switch their attention between compositional elements and structural processes.
(cont.) The model is argued to be particularly powerful in leading us to novel spaces for media creation and consumption. We follow by presenting the Emonic Environment (Implementation), an interactive system built on the principles of CMIA. We conclude by describing two studies (Scenarios a Experiments) that analyze the ways in which Emonic Environment affects how people interact and think about their interactions with digital media. These studies illustrate the potential of CMIA as a paradigm for interaction between humans and machines.
by Paul Nemirovsky.
Ph.D.
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Miller, Sharon Elizabeth. "Structural and functional studies of the vti1b-epsinR interaction". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611952.
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Jones, Anthony James. "Analysis of shallow and deep foundations using soil-structure interaction techniques". Thesis, University of South Wales, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480929.
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Te, Seng-Bee. "Shear wall-frame interaction analysis using finite strip and continuum methods". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316508.
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Oven, Vasif Atilla. "The behaviour of composite beams with partial interaction at elevated temperatures". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388735.
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Vinson, Mary. "Structural and functional studies on sialoadhesin". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362115.
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Lehmann, Lutz. "Wave propagation in infinite domains : with applications to structure interaction /". Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/523903820.pdf.
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Lu, Yang. "Seismic soil-structure interaction in performance-based design". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33704/.
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Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) procedures for performance-based seismic design of building structures have been in existence in design guidelines and provisions for decades. However, several issues still remain regarding the application of these procedures to inelastic multi-storey buildings. Three main issues are identified and investigated in this research. Firstly, the gap between code-specified design response spectra and base shear demands of inelastic flexible-base multi-storey buildings is bridged by introducing a strength reduction factor RF and a Multi-Degree-Of-Freedom (MDOF) modification factor RM. The strength reduction factor RF, derived based on the combined (and similar) effects of SSI and structural yielding, allows base shear demands of a flexible-base yielding Single-Degree-Of-Freedom (SDOF) structure to be calculated directly from code design response spectra. The MDOF modification factor RM links base shear demand of a MDOF structure to that of its SDOF counterpart. Secondly, the effect of frequency content of ground motions on elastic and inelastic flexible-base buildings located on very soft soil profiles is examined. Results showed that normalising the equivalent period of a SSI system Tssi by the corresponding predominant periods resulted in more rational spectra for seismic design purposes. In the elastic response spectra, Tssi is normalised by the spectrum predominant period TP corresponding to the peak ordinate of a 5% damped elastic acceleration spectrum, while for nonlinear structures Tssi should be normalised by the predominant period of the ground motion, Tg, at which the relative velocity spectrum reaches its maximum value. It is shown that an actual SSI system can be replaced by an equivalent fixed-base SDOF (EFSDOF) oscillator having a natural period of Tssi, a viscous damping ratio xissi and a global ductility ratio of mussi. The EFSDOF oscillator performed well for linear systems while, in general, overestimated ductility reduction factor Rmu of SSI systems with high initial damping ratio, which consequently led to an underestimation of inelastic displacement ratio Cmu. The two issues stated above were addressed by results of a large number of response history analyses performed using a simplified SSI model where the foundation response was assumed to be linearly elastic and frequency-dependent. The soil-foundation model, developed on the basis of the cone theory, has been verified to be a reliable tool for simulating dynamic soil-foundation interaction. Finally, in order to take into account foundation nonlinearity in preliminary seismic design of building structures, a simplified nonlinear sway-rocking model was developed. The proposed model is intended to capture the nonlinear load-displacement response of shallow foundations during strong earthquake events where foundation bearing capacity is fully mobilised. Emphasis is given to heavily-loaded structures resting on a saturated clay half-space. The variation of soil stiffness and strength with depth, referred to as soil non-homogeneity, is considered in the model. Although independent springs are utilised for each of the swaying and rocking motions, coupling between these motions is taken into account by expressing the load-displacement relations as functions of the factor of safety against vertical bearing capacity failure (FSV) and the moment-to-shear ratio (M/H). The simplified model is calibrated and validated against results from a series of static push-over and dynamic analyses performed using a more rigorous finite-difference numerical model. Despite some limitations of the current implementation, the concept of this model gives engineers more degrees of freedom in defining their own model components, providing a good balance between simplicity, flexibility and accuracy.
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Moghaddasi, Kuchaksarai Masoud. "Probabilistic Quantification of the Effects of Soil-Shallow Foundation-Structure Interaction on Seismic Structural Response". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8446.
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Previous earthquakes demonstrated destructive effects of soil-structure interaction on structural response. For example, in the 1970 Gediz earthquake in Turkey, part of a factory was demolished in a town 135 km from the epicentre, while no other buildings in the town were damaged. Subsequent investigations revealed that the fundamental period of vibration of the factory was approximately equal to that of the underlying soil. This alignment provided a resonance effect and led to collapse of the structure. Another dramatic example took place in Adapazari, during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake where several foundations failed due to either bearing capacity exceedance or foundation uplifting, consequently, damaging the structure. Finally, the Christchurch 2012 earthquakes have shown that significant nonlinear action in the soil and soil-foundation interface can be expected due to high levels of seismic excitation and spectral acceleration. This nonlinearity, in turn, significantly influenced the response of the structure interacting with the soil-foundation underneath.
Extensive research over more than 35 years has focused on the subject of seismic soil-structure interaction. However, since the response of soil-structure systems to seismic forces is extremely complex, burdened by uncertainties in system parameters and variability in ground motions, the role of soil-structure interaction on the structural response is still controversial. Conventional design procedures suggest that soil-structure interaction effects on the structural response can be conservatively ignored. However, more recent studies show that soil-structure interaction can be either beneficial or detrimental, depending on the soil-structure-earthquake scenarios considered.
In view of the above mentioned issues, this research aims to utilise a comprehensive and systematic probabilistic methodology, as the most rational way, to quantify the effects of soil-structure interaction on the structural response considering both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The goal is achieved by examining the response of established rheological single-degree-of-freedom systems located on shallow-foundation and excited by ground motions with different spectral characteristics. In this regard, four main phases are followed.
First, the effects of seismic soil-structure interaction on the response of structures with linear behaviour are investigated using a robust stochastic approach. Herein, the soil-foundation interface is modelled by an equivalent linear cone model. This phase is mainly considered to examine the influence of soil-structure interaction on the approach that has been adopted in the building codes for developing design spectrum and defining the seismic forces acting on the structure. Second, the effects of structural nonlinearity on the role of soil-structure interaction in modifying seismic structural response are studied. The same stochastic approach as phase 1 is followed, while three different types of structural force-deflection behaviour are examined. Third, a systematic fashion is carried out to look for any possible correlation between soil, structural, and system parameters and the degree of soil-structure interaction effects on the structural response. An attempt is made to identify the key parameters whose variation significantly affects the structural response. In addition, it is tried to define the critical range of variation of parameters of consequent. Finally, the impact of soil-foundation interface nonlinearity on the soil-structure interaction analysis is examined. In this regard, a newly developed macro-element covering both material and geometrical soil-foundation interface nonlinearity is implemented in a finite-element program Raumoko 3D. This model is then used in an extensive probabilistic simulation to compare the effects of linear and nonlinear soil-structure interaction on the structural response.
This research is concluded by reviewing the current design guidelines incorporating soil-structure interaction effects in their design procedures. A discussion is then followed on the inadequacies of current procedures based on the outcomes of this study.
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Jakšeković, Inna [Verfasser]. "Structural and functional interaction between domains in CFTR / Inna Jakšeković". Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081016868/34.
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Zhou, Yi Yuan. "Structural Determinants of 5-Ht1a Receptor Interaction With Gαi Subunits". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19761.
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The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system modulates numerous physiological and behavioural processes, and dysfunction within this system underlies many behavioural disorders, such as major depression. The 5-HT1A receptor is the primary somatodendritic autoreceptor that controls the firing rate of 5-HT neurons, but is also coupled to numerous signalling pathways. An understanding of 5-HT1A receptor signalling may lead to the development of antidepressant drugs that selectively target therapeutic pathways in treating depression. The 5-HT1A receptor is coupled to inhibitory G-proteins via its intracellular loops 2 and 3. Point mutations within these loops selectively uncouple receptor signalling pathways. In this thesis, I addressed whether mutant receptors’ uncoupling from signalling pathways is associated with alteration in G-protein interaction and coupling. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to monitor receptor-G-protein interactions, we show that both wild-type and mutant receptors demonstrate a saturable interaction with Gαi protein in unstimulated conditions. Addition of 5-HT increased the BRET signal for the wild-type 5-HT1A receptor, and this increase was blocked by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist and G-protein blocker (pertussis toxin). Mutant receptors that were deficient in Gαi signalling, but not those that still signalled to Gαi, failed to respond to receptor activation with increased receptor-Gαi interaction. Pull down studies verified the basal and agonist-induced interaction of 5-HT1A receptors with Gαi proteins. In conclusion, we have shown that the 5-HT1A receptor interacts with Gαi consistent with a pre-coupled model and that 5-HT-induced activation enhances this interaction and requires specific residues in the intracellular loops.
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Nordmark, Eva-Lisa. "Structural and Interaction Studies of Bacterial Polysaccharides by NMR Spectroscopy". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Institutionen för organisk kemi, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-284.
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Pache, Lars [Verfasser]. "Structural and functional analysis of adenovirus receptor interaction / Lars Pache". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023258552/34.
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Edmonds, Katherine. "Structural Studies on the eIF4A-eIF4G Interaction in Translation Initiation". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10126.
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Protein synthesis is an important cellular process, and the RNA helicase eIF4A plays a vital role in unwinding messenger RNA and scanning during translation initiation. eIF4A has little activity in isolation, but is modulated by other initiation factors such as eIF4G and eIF4H. In this thesis, we explore how these proteins come together to form a functional unwinding complex. We begin with the NMR solution structure of a single domain from this complex, eIF4G HEAT2. We then map interactions involving HEAT2 and its binding partners, as well as those involving the N-terminal domain of eIF4A. We use this information first to construct a structure of the two-domain complex of HEAT2 and eIF4A-NTD, and expand this work toward the structure of the 70kDa, three-domain complex of HEAT2 with full-length eIF4A. Finally, we incorporate eIF4H and another domain of eIF4G to model the entire functional complex, and explore how interactions between domains rearrange upon binding, hydrolysis, and release of ATP. These results give us a better understanding of how eIF4G modulates eIF4A helicase activity. Moreover, the domain organization of the complex allows us to construct a more compelling model to explain how eIF4A facilitates preinitiation complex scanning along a messenger RNA.
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Butler, Timothy S. "Human interaction with digital ink : legibility measurement and structural analysis". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14158.
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Literature suggests that it is possible to design and implement pen-based computer interfaces that resemble the use of pen and paper. These interfaces appear to allow users freedom in expressing ideas and seem to be familiar and easy to use. Different ideas have been put forward concerning this type of interface, however despite the commonality of aims and problems faced, there does not appear to be a common approach to their design and implementation. This thesis aims to progress the development of pen-based computer interfaces that resemble the use of pen and paper. To do this, a conceptual model is proposed for interfaces that enable interaction with "digital ink". This conceptual model is used to organize and analyse the broad range of literature related to pen-based interfaces, and to identify topics that are not sufficiently addressed by published research. Two issues highlighted by the model: digital ink legibility and digital ink structuring, are then investigated. In the first investigation, methods are devised to objectively and subjectively measure the legibility of handwritten script. These methods are then piloted in experiments that vary the horizontal rendering resolution of handwritten script displayed on a computer screen. Script legibility is shown to decrease with rendering resolution, after it drops below a threshold value. In the second investigation, the clustering of digital ink strokes into words is addressed. A method of rating the accuracy of clustering algorithms is proposed: the percentage of words spoiled. The clustering error rate is found to vary among different writers, for a clustering algorithm using the geometric features of both ink strokes, and the gaps between them. The work contributes a conceptual interface model, methods of measuring digital ink legibility, and techniques for investigating stroke clustering features, to the field of digital ink interaction research.
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Thompson, Catherine Isabelle. "Protein interaction studies on the rotavirus non-structural protein NSP1". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80266/.
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Rotavirus encodes six structural and six non-structural proteins. In contrast to the structural proteins, the functional roles of the non-structural proteins are not well defined beyond a realisation that they must have a role in the viral replication cycle. A fuller understanding of the replication cycle must therefore rest on determining the specific roles played by the non-structural proteins. Non-structural protein NSP1 shows high levels of sequence divergence. A generally well conserved cysteine-rich region at the amino-terminus may form a zinc finger structure. It has been shown to possess non-specific RNA-binding activity, and has been found associated with the smallest of three replication intermediates (RIs) found in infected cells, together with the viral proteins VP1, VP3 and NSP3. VP2 and VP6 are added sequentially to the pre-core RI to form the core RI and single-shelled RI respectively. The function of NSP1 in the replication cycle and the importance of its presence in early replication complexes has not been determined. The intermolecular interactions that occur between the components of the RIs have not been defined. Protein-protein interactions between NSP1 and VP1, VP2, VP3, and NSP3, from the UKtc strain of bovine rotavirus, were investigated using a variety of approaches, the first of which was the yeast two-hybrid system. In this assay a self-interaction of NSP1 was not detected. Protein-protein interactions between NSPl and VPl, VP2, VP3, and NSP3, were also not detected. Both the full-length protein and a truncated NSPl, consisting of only the amino terminal third of the protein, were tested. A direct self-interaction of NSP3 was shown and quantified. Radio-immunoprecipitation analysis of in vitro translated viral proteins using specific anti-NSP1 serum was also employed. However, it failed to detect direct protein-protein interactions between NSP1 and VPI, VP2, and VP3. Immunoprecipitation of UKtc rotavirus-infected celllysates with anti-NSP1 serum showed the co-precipitation of viral proteins VPl, VP2, VP3NP4, VP6 and NSP3, with NSP1. It was proposed that NSP1 formed a previously unrecognised complex with these proteins. Immunoprecipitation of nuclease-treated infected cell lysates showed a reduction in the co-precipitation of VP2, VP3NP4 and NSP3 with NSP1. No reduction in the co-precipitation of VP6 was seen. The association of the complex proteins may be mediated by RNA binding. Immunoprecipitation with an anti-VP6 monoclonal antibody reciprocally precipitated small amounts of NSP1, VP2, VP3/VP4, and NSP3, with VP6.
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Boumechache, Miyyada. "Structural and functional interaction between P2X4, P2X7 and Pannexin-1". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608656.
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