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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Structural Engg"
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Liang, Dong, Bingkui Chen, Chengli Hua i Ruijin Liao. "Retraction notice to Generation and analysis of gear drive with tubular tooth surfaces having double contact points Arc. Civ. Mech. Engg. 17 (2017) 318–325". Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 19, nr 1 (marzec 2019): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2018.12.001.
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CHAN, CHING-CHAO, CHOU-CHING K. LIN i MING-SHAUNG JU. "ESTIMATION OF ANKLE JOINT ANGLE FROM PERONEAL AND TIBIAL ELECTRONEUROGRAMS — A MUSCLE SPINDLE MODEL APPROACH". Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, nr 04 (wrzesień 2012): 1250080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412005046.
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This study develops a method for estimating the angle of a passively stretched ankle joint from electroneurograms (ENGs) based on structural muscle spindle models of the tibial and peroneal nerves. Passive ramp-and-hold and alternating stretches of the ankle joint are performed on an anesthetized rabbit. Two cuff electrodes are employed to measure the ENGs of peroneal and tibial nerves simultaneously. From the two ENG signals and the joint angle trajectory, two intrafusal muscle fiber models are constructed and their inverse models are derived. The results of the two models are combined to generate the final angle estimate. An optimization method, called sequential quadratic programming, is employed to find the model parameters that minimize the squared errors between the ankle angles predicted by the model and the measured ankle angles. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with those of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and an artificial neural network model. The results reveal that the proposed model has the best performance in estimating the ankle joint angle in large-range movements and the smallest tracing error. The proposed method effectively estimates the passive ankle joint angle using the inverse physiological model of an intrafusal muscle fiber.
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Ruol, Piero, Luca Martinelli i Paolo Pezzutto. "LIMITS OF THE NEW TRANSMISSION FORMULA FOR PI-TYPE FLOATING BREAKWATERS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, nr 33 (25.10.2012): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.47.
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The aim of this work is to assess, by means of available experimental results and numerical simulations, the possible extension of the range of application of the formula proposed by Ruol et al. (J. Wat. Port, Coast. Ocean Eng., 1, 2013), giving wave transmission for chain-moored -type floating breakwaters. The formula is here applied out of the range used for its calibration and even to other types of FBs. The error between predicted and measured values is described and discussed with reference to the main geometrical variables. It appears that the formula performs fairly well for the box-type FB, but not in cases characterized by very different mooring stiffness compared to the one used for calibration. For instance in case of fixed or tethered FBs, the formula significantly overestimates the wave transmission.
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dos Santos Dias, Lucas, Hannah E. Dobson, Brock Kingstad Bakke, Gregory C. Kujoth, Junfeng Huang, Elaine M. Kohn, Cleison Ledesma Taira i in. "Structural basis of Blastomyces Endoglucanase-2 adjuvancy in anti-fungal and -viral immunity". PLOS Pathogens 17, nr 3 (18.03.2021): e1009324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009324.
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The development of safe subunit vaccines requires adjuvants that augment immunogenicity of non-replicating protein-based antigens. Current vaccines against infectious diseases preferentially induce protective antibodies driven by adjuvants such as alum. However, the contribution of antibody to host defense is limited for certain classes of infectious diseases such as fungi, whereas animal studies and clinical observations implicate cellular immunity as an essential component of the resolution of fungal pathogens. Here, we decipher the structural bases of a newly identified glycoprotein ligand of Dectin-2 with potent adjuvancy, Blastomyces endoglucanase-2 (Bl-Eng2). We also pinpoint the developmental steps of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T responses augmented by Bl-Eng2 including expansion, differentiation and tissue residency. Dectin-2 ligation led to successful systemic and mucosal vaccination against invasive fungal infection and Influenza A infection, respectively. O-linked glycans on Bl-Eng2 applied at the skin and respiratory mucosa greatly augment vaccine subunit- induced protective immunity against lethal influenza and fungal pulmonary challenge.
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Dilek, Hasan, i Ali Sadeghpour. "A Comparison of Different Linear and Non-linear Structural Analysis Methods". ENG Transactions 3, nr 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/engt.3.2208102112805.
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Han, Kyoung-Bong. "Structural Reanalysis of Dynamic Systems Using Model Updating Method". Engineering 03, nr 10 (2011): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2011.310122.
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Nugroho Soebandrija, Khristian Edi, Allen Pranata Kusuma i Ririn Antika Hayanto. "Performance Excellence in Business: Perspectives of Industrial and Systems Engineering Using Fuzzy ServQual and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)". Advanced Science Letters 21, nr 4 (1.04.2015): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5874.
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First, as background of this paper, PT. Angkasa Pura II as part of Soekarno Hatta International Airport (SHIA) management in Indonesia, has been preparing for Asean Economic Community (AEC) 2015. The objective of this paper is to assess airport performance through evidences that Industrial and System Engineering (SYS Eng) influences mentioned Performance (PER Frm). Second, the method utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through interviews, questionnaires, and statistical method as its exposition about SYS Eng that influences Performance. Third, the Result in SEM, represents Validity Test of Indicator, Reliability Test, and Level of Suitability Model. Fourth, as Conclusion, SYS Eng influences Performance of 0.81 Level. That influence level is acceptable level and proven by results of SEM Model by its Variables of SE and Performa; Constructs and Questionnaires. Those results are beneficial for SHIA and larger audience as benchmark and future research. Thus, this paper achieves its objectives to assess airport performance.
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Lakho, Nawab Ali, i Muhammad Auchar Zardari. "Structural Properties of Baked Clay Bricks Fired with Alternate Fuels". Engineering 08, nr 10 (2016): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2016.810061.
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Yang, Changmin, Xia Zhao, Yanfang Yao i Zhongqiang Zhang. "Application of Fractal Theory in Brick-Concrete Structural Health Monitoring". Engineering 08, nr 09 (2016): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2016.89058.
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Lakshmanan, Vinoth-Kumar, Byoungkwon Kim, Shreesh Ojha, Ahmed M. Al-Abd, Myung Geun Shin i Young Do Jung. "Preparation and characterization of an elastin nanogel with enhanced biocompatibility and improved entrapment efficiency in prostate cancer cells". Materials Express 11, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1879.
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Nanogels represent an emerging class of drug delivery systems with enhanced renal clearance and serum half-life. However, synthetic polymeric nanogels are immunogenic and less biodegradable than other systems. Protein nanogels, being non-immunogenic; biodegradable; biocompatible; and mechanically, spatially, and temporally tunable, are gaining widespread attention. Elastin, a natural structural component of connective tissue, has enhanced vascular mobility and is highly biodegradable, biocompatible, temperature and pH sensitive, inert in the bloodstream, able to self-assemble, and able to permeate the blood-brain-barrier. In this study, the development of an Elastin Nanogel (ENG) and its functional capacity as a next generation injectable nano-drug carrier was studied. ENG was prepared via an inverse mini-emulsion technique and was characterized and found to be stable at room temperature and cytocompatible with five different prostate cancer cell lines of varied etiologies. Rhodamine-loaded ENG showed enhanced cellular uptake. Blood smear, hemolysis, CBC, PT/APTT, and C3a complement activation assays showed that ENG is vascular tissue compatible and hence meets the objectives of injectable nanogels. The formulated ENG can be efficiently used as an injectable nano-drug carrier for cancer therapy. Moreover, ENG has the potential to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs for targeted drug delivery.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Structural Engg"
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Tomé, Catarina da Silveira. "Intéractions avec le ribosome et changements conformationnels de la GTPase bactérienne EngA, une cible potentielle pour de nouveaux antibiotiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY033/document.
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Au cours des dernières années, le développement de nouvelles thérapies contre les infections bactériennes a suscité un grand intérêt face à l’émergence des nombreuses souches résistantes aux antibiotiques. Le point de départ de cette recherche de nouveaux antibiotiques, pour lesquels les bactéries n’ont pas encore acquis de mécanismes de résistance, est l’identification de nouvelles cibles cellulaires. En 2000, des études génétiques ont identifié engA, un gène bactérien dont le produit est une GTPase, comme une cible pharmacologique pertinente: elle est essentielle à la survie cellulaire, conservée au sein des bactéries et absente chez les eucaryotes.Puisque EngA agit comme un facteur d’assemblage pour le ribosome bactérien, un de nos objectifs a été de développer un test de criblage pour identifier des inhibiteurs des interactions EngA-ribosome. Ces interactions sont modulées par des changements conformationnels d'EngA, qui sont eux-mêmes déclenchés par la fixation de différents nucléotides dans le domaine catalytique. Cependant, les liens entre ces différents changements restent encore méconnus. Nous avons utilisé une approche multi-technique pour étudier ces questions et obtenir des informations utiles pour l’optimisation de notre test de criblage.Des analyses de SAXS et protéolyse limitée ont démontré un changement conformationnel en solution après adition de nucléotides di- ou tri-phosphate. La comparaison des données avec des modèles cristallographiques d'EngA a confirmé la conformation de la protéine liée au GDP. Cependant, la conformation de la protéine liée au GTP ne correspond à aucune structure connue. Des essais d’interaction ont démontré que la fixation de différents nucléotides au niveau des domaines catalytiques régule l’interaction d'EngA avec le ribosome. En outre, les effets des nucléotides se produisent en utilisant des fortes concentrations, ce qui suggère que le rôle d'EngA dans la biogenèse du ribosome peut être contrôlé par la concentration intracellulaire de nucléotides. Les travaux visant la détermination de la structure d'EngA dans sa conformation liée au GTP par cristallographie nous ont permis d’obtenir la structure d’EngA dans différentes formes cristallines. Cependant, ces structures représentent la conformation liée au GDP. L’analyse de l’empilement des cristaux a montré des contacts intermoléculaires conservés qui peuvent stabiliser cette conformation pendant la nucléation. Des mutations spécifiques permettant la rupture de ces contacts peuvent éventuellement aider à promouvoir la cristallisation de conformations alternatives. Des analyses de cryo-microscopie électronique ont débuté afin d’obtenir la structure du complexe EngA:50S de chez B. subtilis. Des résultats préliminaires montrent une carte de densité électronique à 6.4 Å de résolution. L’interprétation de ces résultats est en coursThe development of new therapeutics against bacterial infections has aroused great interest over the last years in the context of drug resistance. The starting-point in the pursuit of new antibiotics for which bacterial resistance mechanisms do not exist is the identification of novel cellular targets. Genetics studies in the early 2000s have identified engA as a conserved bacterial gene whose product is a GTPase that could represent a potential drug target: it is conserved among bacteria, essential for cell survival, and absent in humans.Since EngA acts as an assembly factor for the bacterial ribosome, one of our aims was to develop an assay to screen inhibitors of the EngA-ribosome interactions. These interactions are modulated by EngA conformational changes that are in turn triggered by the binding of different nucleotides to the catalytic G-domain. As the interplay between all these events in bacteria is still not resolved, we have used a multi-technique approach to explore these questions in order to obtain useful information for the setting up of a robust screening assay.SAXS and limited proteolysis showed a conformational change occurring in solution upon addition of either di- or tri-phosphate nucleotides. While model validation analysis confirmed the GDP-bound conformation, the GTP-bound state does not match any known EngA structure. Binding studies have revealed modulation of interactions by different nucleotide-bound states. Furthermore, response to nucleotides occurs at high concentrations, suggesting that the role of EngA in promoting ribosome assembly could be monitored by the intracellular nucleotide concentration. Efforts on identifying the GTP-bound state 3D structure by crystallography have resulted in EngA structures in different crystal forms. Although all the obtained structures represent the GDP-bound state, packing analysis has revealed conserved crystal contacts that can potentially stabilise this conformation during nucleation. Specific mutations aiming at disrupting these contacts may help to promote crystallisation of alternative conformations. Cryo-EM investigation has been initiated in order to obtain the structure of the B. subtilis EngA:50S complex. So far, an electron density map at 6.4 Å resolution has been obtained and its interpretation is underway
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Franco, Vitor Ramos. "Monitoramento da integridade em estruturas aeronáuticas /". Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94527.
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e desenvolvimento de uma técnica de monitoramento da integridade estrutural, para identificação e caracterização de falhas estruturais através da metodologia das ondas de Lamb utilizando materiais piezelétricos como sensores e atuadores. Ondas de Lamb são uma forma de perturbação elástica que se propaga guiada entre duas superfícies paralelas livres. Ondas de Lamb são formadas quando o atuador excita a superfície da estrutura com um pulso depois de receber um sinal. Quando uma onda propaga na superfície de uma placa, ela chega em um PZT sensor por diferentes caminhos. Um caminho é quando a onda atinge o sensor diretamente, ou seja, sem obstáculos no caminho em que ela se propaga. Outro caminho possível é quando a onda chega ao sensor após se propagar sobre descontinuidades existentes na superfície da estrutura. Com as várias características dos sinais recebidos, e com o uso de certas técnicas de processamento de sinais, essas falhas podem ser identificadas, realizando-se a ação correta tentando evitar a total falha da estrutura. Nesse contexto, diferentes testes experimentais foram realizados em diferentes tipos de estruturas. Redes de sensores e atuadores piezelétricos foram acopladas na superfície dessas estruturas, a fim de se fazer a configuração das ondas de Lamb. Os PZTs atuadores excitaram a estrutura em altas faixas de frequência. Diferentes tipos de falhas estruturais foram simuladas, através do aumento de massa, alteração de rigidez e através de cortes na borda das estruturas. Quatro índices de falha foram utilizados para detectar a presença da falha na estrutura, são eles: Root- Means-Square Deviation (RMSD), Índice de Falha Métrica (IFM), Norma H2 e Correlation Coefficient Deviation Mean (CCDM). Estes índices foram computados através dos sinais de entrada e de saída no domínio da frequência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: This work presents the study and development of a Structural Health Monitoring technique for identification and characterization of structural damages based on Lamb waves methodology using piezoelectric materials as actuators and sensors. Lamb waves are a form of elastic perturbation that remains guided between two parallel free surfaces. Lamb waves are formed when the actuator excites the structure's surface with a pulse after receiving a signal. When the wave propagates on the structure, it comes in a PZT sensor from different paths. One path is when the wave reaches the sensor directly, i.e. without obstacles in the path in which it propagated. Another possible path is when the wave reaches the sensor after spreads on discontinuities in the structure's surface. Damages can be detected and located through several features of the received signals and with the use of certain techniques of signal processing. In this context, several experimental tests were performed on different kinds of structures. Piezoelectric actuators and sensors networks were attached on the surface of these structures in order to make the Lamb waves configuration. The PZTs actuators excited the structure in high frequency ranges. Different kinds of structural damages were simulated by increasing mass, reduction of stiffness and cuts through the edge of the structures. Four damage-sensitive indexes were used to detect the presence of the damage in the structure: Root-Means-Square Deviation (RMSD), Metric Damage Index (MDI), H2 Norm and Correlation Coefficient Deviation (CCDM). These indices were computed in the frequency domain. The results showed the viability of the Lamb waves methodology for Structural Health Monitoring system using smart materials as actuators and sensors
Orientador: Vicente Lopes Junior
Coorientador: Michael J. Brennan
Banca: Gilberto Pechoto de Melo
Banca: José Roberto de França Arruda
Mestre
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Pedreiro, Marcelo Rodrigo de Matos. "Análise do comportamento experimental e numérico de prismas de alvenaria estrutural submetidos a ações verticais utilizando elementos finitos volumétricos /". Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99868.
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Orientador: Rogério de Oliveira RodriguesBanca: José Luiz Pinheiro Melges
Banca: Jorge Munaiar Neto
Resumo: Com a crescente evolução da engenharia estrutural e dos diferentes sistemas construtivos, o profissional atuante nessa área necessita incorporar o microcomputador como uma ferramenta básica, de modo a manter a qualidade, a competitividade e a eficiência de seu trabalho. Apesar de o projeto de alvenaria estrutural ter uma modelagem bastante simples, a utilização de ferramentas computacionais desenvolvimento da para análise auxiliar o e cálculo, corresponde do projetista, a no uma parcela significativa do tempo total despendido na execução do projeto. Frente a esse fato, apresenta-se como necessidade imediata o desenvolvimento de códigos computacionais confiáveis que possibilitem efetuar várias simulações de situações de projeto e carregamento. Nesse principal contexto a o presente trabalho simulação numérica do tem como comportamento objetivo não-linear físico de primas de alvenaria estrutural submetidos a ações verticais. O Método dos Elementos Finitos será empregado como modelo discreto elementos aplicado prismáticos na análise triangulares numérica, lineares com utilizando-se seis nós e parabólicos com quinze nós, simulando-se as partes do bloco de concreto (14 x 19 x 29 cm), bem como as juntas de argamassa, efetuando uma modulação tridimensional do prisma, além de considerar de forma separada as características físicas de cada material citado. Neste trabalho demonstra-se todo processo de dedução explicita das matrizes de rigidez para os elementos usados na discretização, sendo que para a consideração da não-linearidade dos materiais utilizou-se o critério de Mohr-Coulomb, permitindo representar a diminuição da rigidez em função da ruptura do material. O código gerado em linguagem Visual Basic permitiu realizar simulações numéricas, cujos resultados quando comparados com resultados experimentais mostraram-se bastante satisfatórios
Abstract: With the growth of the Structural Engineering and the different building systems, the professional who works in this area needs to incorporate the computer as a basic tool in a way to keep the quality, competitiveness, and the efficiency of his work. Despite of the structural masonry project has a very simple modeling, designer in the the uses of computational development of the tools the and analysis help the calculation, it corresponds to a significant plot of the total time spent on the project execution. Before this fact, it is presented as an immediate necessity the development of computational reliable programs which enables to perform many simulations of design situations and loading. In this context, the present work aims the numerical simulation of nonlinear behavior of physical structural masonry prisms submitted to vertical actions. The Finite Element Method will be employed as discrete models to numerical analysis using triangular linear prisms with six nodes and parabolic prisms with fifteen nodes, simulating concrete blocks parts (14 x 19 x29cm), as well as the mortar joints, making a tridimentional modulation of the prism, besides considering separately the physical characteristics of each cited material. It is presented in this work, the entire process of explicit deduction of the matrices of stiffness to the elements used in the discretization, the Mohr-Coulomb Criteria was used to consider the nonlinear of materials, permitting to represent the decrease of stiffness in function of the material rupture. The code numerical generated in simulations Visual whose Basic language results, when allowed compared making to the experimental, are showed as very satisfying
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Silva, Júnior Domício Moreira da. "Análise numérica do comportamento não-linear de prismas de alvenaria estrutural submetidos a ações verticais utilizando o elemento finito prismático regular linear /". Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91495.
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Orientador: Rogério de Oliveira RodriguesBanca: Jefferson Sidney Camacho
Banca: Libanio Miranda Pinheiro
Resumo: Atualmente, o Engenheiro Estrutural necessita incorporar a análise numérica como uma ferramenta de trabalho usual, de modo a manter a qualidade e a competitividade de seu trabalho, principalmente quando da análise de projetos de alvenaria estrutural, em que a discretização do sistema estrutural ainda é feita de forma bastante simples. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a simulação numérica do comportamento não-linear de prismas de alvenaria estrutural submetidos a ações verticais. A discretização estrutural é feita por meio do Método dos Elementos Finitos, utilizando elementos prismáticos com oito nós, simulando as partes do bloco de concreto (14 x 19 x 29cm) e as juntas de argamassa, permitindo assim a modulação tridimensional dos prismas, bem como a introdução separada do módulo de elasticidade do concreto e da argamassa. Para isso, foram elaboradas sub-rotinas, em Visual Basic, que fazem parte integrante do código computacional FEISdec - Finite Element for Idealization of Structures: development and execution by computer, software institucional em desenvolvimento na Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Engenharia Civil. Tal código foi utilizado para a simulação de dois ensaios realizados no NEPAE - Núcleo de Estudo e Pesquisa da Alvenaria Estrutural, sendo que por meio da comparação entre os dados experimentais e numéricos foram obtidos bons resultados.
Abstract: Currently, the structural engineer needs to assimilate the numerical analysis as a tool of frequent work, in this way he keeps the quality and the competitiveness in his work especially by the analysis of structural masonry projects, where the structural system discretization is still made in a simple way. In this context, this work aims the numerical simulation of nonlinear behavior of structural masonry prisms submitted to vertical actions. The structural discretization is made through the Finite Element Method, using the prismatic elements with eight joints, simulating the concrete block parts (14 x 19 x 29 cm) and the mortar meeting, allowing the tridimentional modulation of prisms, as well as the separated introduction of concrete and mortar elasticity module. Subroutines have been developed, in Visual Basic, and they are integrant parts of computer code FEISdec - Finite Element for Idealization of Structures: development and execution by computer, institutional software in development at Engineering College, Ilha Solteira Campus, Department of Civil Engineering. The code was used to simulate two laboratory tests realized at NEPAE - Núcleo de Estudo e Pesquisa da Alvenaria Estrutural, through the comparison between the experiment and numerical data were good results had been obtained.
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Marqui, Clayton Rodrigo. "Modelagem de estruturas piezelétricas para aplicação em localização de falhas /". Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94555.
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Orientador: Vicente Lopes JúniorBanca: Amarildo Tabone Paschoalini
Banca: Marcelo Areias Trindade
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e desenvolvimento de técnicas para o monitoramento da integridade estrutural em sistemas inteligentes com sensores e atuadores piezelétricos acoplados. Os índices de sensibilidade estudados e utilizados no monitoramento da estrutura são: índice de falha métrica, calculado diretamente do sinal de impedância elétrica dos sensores/atuadores piezelétricos; índices do sensor, calculados com as normas de sistemas ou com as matrizes grammiana de observabilidade e os índices de entrada, calculados com as matrizes grammianas de controlabilidade. Tais índices são utilizados para detectar e localizar as falhas em aplicações numéricas e experimentais. As normas de sistemas e as matrizes grammianas de controlabilidade e observabilidade são obtidas através de um modelo numérico, como por exemplo, Método dos Elementos Finitos; ou um modelo identificado experimentalmente, via o método de realização para autossistemas, mais conhecido como ERA (Eigensytem Realization Algorithm). Em uma segunda etapa do procedimento proposto, as falhas são quantificadas utilizando Redes Neurais Artificiais, que foram treinadas com as normas de sistemas e com as matrizes grammianas.
Abstract: This work presents the study and development of Structural Health Monitoring techniques for application in intelligent systems with coupled piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The indices of sensitivity for structural monitoring are based on: root-means-square deviation index, directly calculated from electric impedance signal of the piezoelectric sensors/actuators; sensor indices, calculated from system norms or observability grammian matrix, and input index, calculated from controllability grammian matrix. Such indices are used for damage detection and location in numerical and experimental applications. System norms, controllability and observability grammian matrices are obtained through numerical model, as for instance, Finite Element Method; or by experimental identification technique, via Eigensytem Realization Algorithm (ERA). In the second stage of the proposed procedure, damages were quantified using Artificial Neural Networks, that were trained with systems norms and grammian matrices.
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Altran, Daniele Araujo. "Procedimento numérico para análise de vigas de alvenaria estrutural submetidas à flexão simples /". Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91465.
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Orientador: Rogério de Oliveira RodriguesBanca: Jefferson Sidney Camacho
Banca: Rodrigo Piernas Andolfato
Resumo: A Engenharia de Estruturas é uma área de grande importância na construção civil, uma vez que sua essência é a otimização de projetos. Para atender essa necessidade, os métodos numéricos são excelentes ferramentas, que auxiliam os profissionais a obterem, com maior agilidade, projetos de alta qualidade, diminuindo custos e prazos. Além disso, a alvenaria estrutural é um sistema que satisfaz essa procura por projetos otimizados, devido à agilidade na construção, com projetos modulados, equipe e equipamentos especializados, que garantem rapidez e diminuição de custos. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho aborda um procedimento numérico para análise do comportamento não-linear de dois modelos de vigas de alvenaria estrutural submetidos à flexão simples. Um formado somente por blocos canaleta de concreto, sobrepostos em duas fiadas; e outro, composto pela fiada inferior de blocos-canaleta e a superior, por blocos vazados, ambos os modelos grauteados. As vigas foram discretizadas com o elemento finito prismático regular linear, sendo que, para o bloco, a argamassa e o graute, se utilizou o Critério Mohr-Coulomb, para prever a ruptura e os redutores de rigidez baseados na diminuição do módulo de elasticidade. Ao final, foram comparados os resultados numéricos, obtidos com presença e ausência dos redutores de rigidez, com os observados em modelos experimentais desenvolvidos no Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa da Alvenaria Estrutural (NEPAE) da Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira, UNESP. As análises numéricas realizadas produziram resultados satisfatórios para os dois modelos de vigas abordados, sendo também possível observar o aumento de rigidez da viga com blocos-canaleta e blocos vazados.
Abstract: The Structural Engineering is a very important area in civil construction, since its essence is the optimization of designs. To attend the actual necessities, the numerical methods come to be excellent tools, which help professionals to obtain, with more agility, high quality designs, reducing the costs and deadlines. Besides, that structural masonry is a system that satisfies the searching for optimized projects, due to its agility in constructions, with modulated designs, specialized staff and equipments that warrant fast and low costs. In this scenario, this paper deals with numerical proceeding for analyzing the nonlinear behavior of two models of structural masonry beams subjected to bending. One, formed only for "U" blocks of concrete overlapping in two rows; and another, composed of channel blocks in the bottom row and the upper row made of hollow blocks, both models entirely grouted. The beams were discretized with linear regular prismatic finite element, and for the block, mortar and grout it was used the Mohr- Coulomb Criteria, to expect the rupture and reducers of rigidity based on the decreasing of strain modulus. In the end, the obtained numerical results with the presence and absence of reducers of rigidity were compared, with those observed in experimental models developed at the Structural Masonry Study and Research Center, Faculty of Engineering Ilha Solteira Campus, UNESP. The accomplished numerical analys produced satisfactory results for the two beam models, and it has been also possible to observe the increase of rigidity in the beam with channel and hollow blocks.
Mestre
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Ferreira, Samuel Nunes. "Geologia estrutural aplicada às rochas ornamentais na Pedreira Knawa, Cláudio (MG) /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92887.
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de mapeamento geológico-estrutural de detalhe numa área piloto (Pedreira Knawa, Cláudio Estado de Minas Gerais) em escala de 1:200 e dos estudos de reconhecimento geológico em suas áreas adjacentes, e da aplicação do método de GPR na identificação de estruturas geológicas na Pedreira Knawa. Onde seu objetivo principal é proporcionar um direcionamento dos trabalhos geológico-estruturais na pedreira, visando otimizar a extração da rocha. As rochas que compõem esta região abrangem tanto rochas do complexo gnáissico-migmatítico de médio a alto grau denominado de Complexo Campo Belo quanto de suas supracrustais o Supergrupo Rio das Velhas, que encontram-se inseridos dentro do contexto geotectônico do Cráton do São Francisco Meridional. A Pedreira Knawa está localizada nos domínios da zona de cisalhamento Cláudio, e o arcabouço litológico predominante corresponde a um biotita gnaisse bandado fortemente migmatizado e deformado, de coloração cinza claro a cinza esbranquiçado, com pequenas quantidades de mobilizados félsicos de coloração rósea e xenólitos de rochas básica e ultrabásicas. As estruturas exibidas por esta rocha são predominantemente gnássica a migmatítica e revelam em escala de detalhe uma grande heterogeneidade, permitindo individualizar outros litotipos dentro deste arcabouço. Podem ser identificados da seguinte forma: biotita gnaisse bandado (rocha predominante), xenólitos de anfibolito e ultramafitos, granito, bandas dioríticas, veios pegmatíticos, zonas migmatíticas, veios migmatíticos de zonas de cisalhamento e diques de anfibolitos. A análise das feições estruturais e geológicas, observadas principalmente na área da pedreira e em seu entorno, permitiu identificar uma seqüência de três eventos geológicos estruturais principais, impressos nos gnaisses (Dn, Dn+1 e Dn+2), além da deposição...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The results of a detailed geologic-strutural mapping in the scale 1:200 are presented for a pilot area (Knawa quarry in the village of Cláudio, state of Minas Gerais). Geologic reconnaissance studies in adjacent areas and GPR surveys were performed to identify geologic structures. The main objective of those works was to guide geologic-structural mapping in the quarry to optimize production of dimension stones. The rocks in the region spam from the highly metamorphic Campo Belo composed of gneissic-migmatites to supracrustal Rio das Velhas supergroup in the geotectonic context of the southern São Francisco Craton. Knawa quarry is located in the domains of the Cláudio shear zone, where predominant lithology corresponds to a banded stronghy migmatized and deformed biotite gneiss showing ligh grey to whitish color, small felsic masses, pink in color and xenoliths of basic and ultrabasic rocks. These rocks predominantly exhibit gneissic to migmatitic structures but are very heterogeneous, allowing to individualise other lithotypes within the framework, as such: banded biotite gneiss (predominant) xenoliths of anfobolite and ultramafic rocks, granite, dioritic bands, pegmatitic veins migmatitic zones, migmatitic veins in shear zones and anfibolitic dykes. From the analysis of the structural and geologic features a sequence of structural events was identified, consisting of three main geologic events in the gneisses (Dn, Dn+1& Dn+2) plus the deposition deformation of the supracrustal and the intrusion of basic dykes. Evaluation and optimization of mining started from the identification of the geologic factors that affect production. These parameters were drawn from the assessment of the geologic map and of the commercial recovery deriving maps of optimized and three-dimensional geologic models. The volume calculation of the fifth level of the quarry identified a total volume of 33731, 28 m3, the volume of sectors with a recovery below 15% equal to.
Orientador: Luiz Sérgio Amarante Simões
Coorientador: João Carlos Dourado
Banca: Fábio Soares Magalhães
Banca: Antonio Carlos Artur
Mestre
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Silva, Carlos Humberto da. "Evolução geológica da faixa Brasília na região de Tapira, Sudoeste de Minas Gerais /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103025.
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Orientador: Luiz Sérgio Amarante SimõesBanca: Rudolph Allard Johannes Trouw
Banca: Cláudio de Morrisson Valeriano
Banca: Hildor José Seer
Banca: Hans Dirk Ebert
Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de evolução geológica Neoproterozóica de um segmento da Faixa Brasília Meridional, na região de Tapira (SW de Minas Gerais). A partir de mapeamento geológico detalhado é da caracterização estrutural e metamórfica. As rochas desta região apresentam uma complexa evolução estrutural, onde a principal estrutura reconhecida é uma foliação em baixo ângulo (S4) orientada em média N43W/30SE, à qual associa-se uma lineação de estiramento e/ou mineral orientada N50W/10, atribuídas à fase D4. A foliação S4 normalmente é reconhecida como uma clivagem de crenulação, cuja superfície crenulada é uma foliação S2, sub-paralela ao acamamento sedimentar (S0). Em alguns locais S4 manifesta-se como uma xistosidade ou clivagem contínua. A foliação S4 também afeta dobras normais de escala quilométrica relacionadas à fase D3. Adicionalmente são reconhecidos dois conjuntos de dobras pós-fase principal com eixos de caimentos suaves e planos axiais íngremes, sendo os eixos de D5 de direção NW e os eixos de D6 de direção NNE. Relacionada à fase D5 associam-se três zonas de cisalhamento transcorrentes quilométricas, a partir das quais sub-divididiu-se a área em três domínios tectono-estratigráficos. No domínio oeste (DW) ocorrem duas escamas tectônicas separadas por falha de empurrão. A escama 1 apresenta rochas metapelíticas e pelítico-grafitosas com intercalações psamítica. A associação mineral muscovita + quartzo + granada l clorita l biotita l cloritóide l grafita l albita, permitem situar as rochas dessa escama na fácies xisto verde superior (zona da granada), com condições de T e P estimadas em 540°C e 7,5 kbar. Na escama 2 predominam rochas pelíticas com intercalações psamíticas, adicionalmente ocorrem intercalações de hornblenda-granada-mica xistos e rochas metamáficas e metaultramáficas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work was done to determine the Neoproterozoic evolution of a southern Brasilia Fold Belt segment, Tapira area (SW Minas Gerais state), using detailed geologic mapping and structural metamorphic characterization. A complex structural evolution is deduced for these rocks and the main structure recognized is a low angle S4 foliation (N43W/30SE), associated with N50W/10 stretching and/or mineral lineation of the D4 phase. The S4 foliation is a crenulation cleavage, where the pre-existing S2 foliation was folded parallel to sedimentary bedding (S0). In some areas, S4 is a schistosity or a continuous cleavage. The S4 foliation also affects kilometric normal folds of the D3 phase. Two post-S4 groups of folds are recognized with low angle axes and high angle axial planes: D5 and D6 with axes in NW and N-S direction, respectively. Three transcurrent shear zones are associated with the D5 phase, dividing the area into three tectonic stratigraphic domains: Western, Eastern and Southern. Two thrust sheets separated by a thrust fault characterize the Western Domain (WD). Metapelitic rocks and graphite-bearing pelites with metapsammitic lenses represent the thrust sheet 1. A muscovite + quartz + garnet l chlorite l biotite l chloritoid l graphite l albite association defines the rocks of thrust sheet 1 as upper greenschist facies (garnet zone), with T = 540 ºC and P = 7.5 kbar conditions. At the top, thrust sheet 2 is characterized by metapelitic rocks and metapsammitic lenses and hornblende-bearing garnet-muscovite schists intercalations, with metamafic and metaultramafic rocks. The muscovite + quartz + garnet l hornblende l chlorite l biotite l oligoclase and the hornblende + oligoclase + biotite associations suggest amphibolite facies with a range of T= 585 to 610 ºC and P= 8 to 10 kbar. The Eastern Domain (ED) comprises three...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Andrade, Frederico Guilherme Guaraldo de. "Lineações minerais em porfiroblastos /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92881.
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Orientador: Luiz Sérgio Amarante SimõesBanca: Rudolph Allard Johannes Trouw
Banca: Antenor Zanardo
Resumo: O estudo de lineações minerais tem fundamental importância na compreensão da evolução tectônica de cinturões orogênicos. Entretanto, em áreas polideformadas, enquanto as orientações das lineações mais novas podem ser resgatadas, as lineações antigas tendem a ser obliteradas pela superposição dos eventos deformacionais mais novos. Esta dissertação lança uma nova metodologia para o resgate da orientação de lineações minerais inclusas em porfiroblastos, utilizando a Platina Universal, além de testar a metodologia na Ilha Elefante, Antártica. Foi realizado um estudo teórico analisando o comportamento de lineação mineral, considerando-se variáveis como diferentes posições iniciais da lineação, diferentes morfologias de porfiroblastos, as possíveis relações temporais com o evento gerador da lineação, variados mecanismos de deformação e rotação (ou não) de porfiroblastos. A metodologia foi aplicada no estudo e leitura direta de lineações minerais em porfiroblastos da Ilha Elefante utilizando a Platina Universal, obtendo-se um padrão de orientação similar às medidas das mesmas estruturas em campo, provando a validade e viabilidade do método. A metodologia apresentada é de grande utilidade em áreas polideformadas, uma vez que contribui para a identificação da orientação dos paleovetores de stress.
Abstract: The study of mineral lineations has been of fundamental importance in the comprehension of tectonic evolution in orogenetic belts. However, in polydeformated areas,, while the newest lineation's orientation can be found, the oldest lineations tend to be obliterated by the newest deformation events. This thesis launches a new methodology to the rescue of mineral lineations' orientation included within porphyroblasts, using the Universal Stage, and testing the methodology in the Elephant Island, Antarctica. It has been made a theorical study, analyzing the behavior of a mineral lineation, considering various hypothesis, like the initial position, different morphologies of porphyroblasts, the possible temporal relationships with the lineation's generator event and various mechanisms of deformation and rotation (or not) of porphyroblasts. The methodology was applied in the study and direct measurement of mineral lineations in porphyroblasts of Elephant Island using the Universal Stage, obtaining an orientation pattern similar to the same structures in the field, proving the validity and viability of the method. The methodology presented is useful in polideformated areas, once that helps to identify the orientation of paleovectors of stress.
Mestre
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Massucatto, Armando José. "Caracterização estrutural do embasamento do Grupo Araí, na zona externa da faixa Brasília (GO) /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103016.
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Orientador: Luiz Sergio Amarante SimõesBanca: Nilson Francisquini Botelho
Banca: Marco Antonio Fonseca
Banca: Norberto Morales
Banca: Hans Dirk Ebert
Resumo: A área de estudo, objeto desta tese de doutoramento, situa-se na porção nordeste do estado de Goiás, na região de Cavalcante. Nesta região são encontradas rochas do embasamento da Faixa de Dobramentos Brasília, composto por rochas do Complexo Granítico-gnáissico, mega veios de quartzo e Formação Ticunzal. Recobrindo estas rochas são visíveis os metassedimentos do Grupo Araí. As rochas do embasamento da Faixa de Dobramentos Brasília na área de estudo se apresentam fortemente deformadas, mostrando uma alta complexidade estrutural, o que indica que foram submetidas a diferentes eventos deformacionais. Para um melhor entendimento da evolução geólogica da área buscou-se através de diferentes técnicas e ferramentas a separação dos eventos deformacionais que atuaram sobre a região. Os trabalhos realizados levaram a identificação de 5 foliações distintas, sendo que as mesmas foram hierarquizadas e separadas, em função de sua geração, em 3 eventos deformacionais. Para refinar a separação destes eventos deformacionais foram realizadas datações em muscovitas pertencentes às respectivas foliações, utilizando-se o método 40Ar/39Ar. O Evento denominado genericamente de 1, apresenta uma foliação (S1) com direção próxima a EW, mergulho subvertical. Tal foliação é gerada como resposta a uma compressão de direção próxima a NS. As datações realizadas em micas brancas formadas durante este evento, indicam idades mínimas de 1.5 Ga. O Evento 2, decorrente de uma compressão de direção próxima a EW, é responsável pela geração de uma foliação (S2) com direção próxima a NS, que apresenta um mergulho vertical. Associa-se a esta fase uma lineação de estiramento em geral vertical e localmente de baixo ângulo. As datações realizadas apontam para idades mínimas de 1.4 Ga, para micas brancas geradas durante este evento...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract:The studied area in this PhD thesis is located in the northeast portion of Goias State, near Cavalcante Town. Basement rocks of Brasilia Fold Belt, composed basically by Granitic-Gneiss Complex, mega quartz veinz and the Ticunzal Formation, characterize this area. Overlying these rocks are the Araí Group Metassediments. The basement rocks of Brasilia Fold Belt, in the studied area, are strongly deformed, showing a highly structural complexity, which indicate these rocks were submitted by different deformational events. For a better understanding of geological evolution, different techniques and tools to distinguish the deformational events have been applied. The work done defined the identification of five different foliations, which were ordered and separated in three different deformational events because its generations. To refine its events separation, 40Ar/39Ar dating in muscovites belonging in each foliation has been done. The Event denominated generally by "1" presents an EW direction foliation (S1) with a sub vertical dipping. Such foliation was generated as consequence for an NS direction compression. The dating done in white micas formed during this event, yielded a minimum age of 1.5 Ga. The "Event 2", consequence of a close EW direction compression, generated a close NS direction foliation (S2) with vertical dipping. The white micas dating suggest a minimum age of 1.4 Ga for this event. Petrographic analysis indicated rocks that were submitted by the Events "1" and "2", were affected by similar metamorphism conditions, where might have reached temperatures between 450 and 500o C. The mega quartz veins possibly have been generated during the Event "2". Accomplished studies showing that its geometries are conformable with the cinematic aspects found in this event...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Książki na temat "Structural Engg"
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Fritsche, Bruno. Baukultur in Zürich: Enge, Wollishofen, Leimbach : schutzwürdige Bauten und gute Architektur der letzten Jahre. Zürich: Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 2006.
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Graffé, Ferdinand, Carsten Costard i Alfons Rath. Eng, steil und laut: das neue Mainzer Stadion: Ein Bautagebuch in Bild und Text. Mainz: BESTFALL, 2012.
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Farnesina, Villa della. Villa Farnesina 1927-1944: "Mostra del Restauro" dell'ing. Giovanni Massari (1940) = Villa Farnesina 1927-1944 : "Restoration Exhibition" by eng. Giovanni Massari (1940). Roma: Bardi edizioni, 2019.
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Newenham, Summerson John. The Iveagh Bequest, Kenwood: A Short Account of Its History and Architecture. London: English Heritage, 1988.
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Cmptr & Phys Mdllng Geo Engng. Taylor & Francis, 1989.
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Instr Man FORTRAN Eng Appl. Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co, 1993.
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Speyer, Augustin, i Helmut Weiß. The prefield after the Old High German period. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0005.
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The filling of the prefield in Modern German is determined by information-structural constraints such as scene-setting, contrastiveness, and topichood. While OHG does not yet show competition between these constraints, competition arises from MHG onward. This has to do with the generalization of the V2 constraint (i.e. the one-constituent property of the prefield) for declarative clauses, in which context the information-structural constraints are loosened. The syntactic change whose result eventually was the loss of multiple XP fronting comprised a change of the feature endowment of C because the fronting of expletive thô (roughly in the OHG of the ninth century) led to the reanalysis of XP fronting as a semantically vacuous movement whose only function is to check the EPP feature of C. Data from doubly filled prefields in ENHG and post-initial connectives indicate that an articulated split CP-structure, as proposed within the cartographic approach, is also at play in German.
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Pahl. COMPUTING CIVIL & BUILD ENG 2Vol. Taylor & Francis, 1995.
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Iffland, Jerome S. B. Steel Structures: Proceedings of the Sessions Related to Steel Structures at Structures Congress '89 Sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engi. Amer Society of Civil Engineers, 1989.
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Le Corbusier: The Chapel at Ronchamp (Le Corbusier Guides (engl.)) (Le Corbusier Guides (engl.)). Birkhauser (Architectural), 2007.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Structural Engg"
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Connally, Patrick, Kang Li i George W. Irwin. "Integrated Structure and Parameter Selection for Eng-genes Neural Models". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 168–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11816157_17.
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Goodair, Daniel. "Existence and Uniqueness of Maximal Solutions to a 3D Navier-Stokes Equation with Stochastic Lie Transport". W Mathematics of Planet Earth, 87–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18988-3_7.
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AbstractWe present here a criterion to conclude that an abstract SPDE possesses a unique maximal strong solution, which we apply to a three dimensional Stochastic Navier-Stokes Equation. Motivated by the work of Kato and Lai we ask that there is a comparable result here in the stochastic case whilst facilitating a variety of noise structures such as additive, multiplicative and transport. In particular our criterion is designed to fit viscous fluid dynamics models with Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport (SALT) as introduced in Holm (Proc R Soc A: Math Phys Eng Sci 471(2176):20140963, 2015). Our application to the Incompressible Navier-Stokes equation matches the existence and uniqueness result of the deterministic theory. This short work summarises the results and announces two papers (Crisan et al., Existence and uniqueness of maximal strong solutions to nonlinear SPDEs with applications to viscous fluid models, in preparation; Crisan and Goodair, Analytical properties of a 3D stochastic Navier-Stokes equation, 2022, in preparation) which give the full details for the abstract well-posedness arguments and application to the Navier-Stokes Equation respectively.
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Walker, David J. F., Eric R. Szmuc i Andrew D. Ellington. "Organizing Charge Flow with DNA". W Natural Computing Series, 107–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9891-1_8.
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AbstractThe seminal recognition by Ned Seeman that DNA could be programmed via base-pairing to form higher order structures is well known. What may have been partially forgotten is one of Dr. Seeman’s strong motivations for forming precise and programmable nanostructures was to create nanoelectronic devices. This motivation is particularly apt given that modern electronic devices require precision positioning of conductive elements to modulate and control electronic properties, and that such positioning is inherently limited by the scaling of photoresist technologies: DNA may literally be one of the few ways to make devices smaller (Liddle and Gallatin in Nanoscale 3:2679–2688 [1]). As with many other insights regarding DNA at the nanoscale, Ned Seeman recognized the possibilities of DNA-templated electronic devices as early as 1987 (Robinson and Seeman in Protein Eng. 1:295–300 [2]). As of 2002, Braun’s group attempted to develop methods for lithography that involved metalating DNA (Keren et al. in Science 297:72–75 [3]). However, this instance involved linear, double-stranded DNA, in which portions were separated using RecA, and thus, the overall complexity of the lithography was limited. Since then, the extraordinary control afforded by DNA nanotechnology has provided equally interesting opportunities for creating complex electronic circuitry, either via turning DNA into an electronic device itself (Gates et al. in Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 44:354–370 [4]), or by having DNA organize other materials (Hu and Niemeyer in Adv. Mat. 31(26), [5]) that can be electronic devices (Dai et al. in Nano Lett. 20:5604–5615 [6]).
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A. Savvina, Irina, Daria V. Ryzhkova, Kristina M. Bykova, Konstantin E. Lebedev, Anna O. Petrova i Natalya V. Drygina. "Diagnostics of Central and Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Patients with Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy". W Sepsis - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108392.
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This chapter is devoted to monitoring of central and autonomic nervous system (ANS) in patients with verified sepsis to recognize the specific functional and anatomic changes in the brain and its important autonomic centers which is named sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Fluctuation of conscience level from agitation to delirium and coma, muscle tone, and severity of pain syndrome is evaluated with different scales (SOFA, SAPS II, RASS, CAM-ICU, FOUR, PBSS, BPS, MRC, MAS, CNS). Multimodal neuromonitoring includes EEG, EPs, ENMG, cerebral oxymetry, saturation in the bulb of the jugular vein, TCD, and neuroimaging (MRI, PET). Dysfunction of autonomic brainstem structures is detected with variational cardiointervalometry, pupillometry, thermometry (peripheral and central), photoplethysmography assessment of perfusion index, quantitative assessment of muscle strength on the MRC scale and MAS, and diagnostics of the severity of the PSH syndrome. Monitoring data help clinicians to make decisions on SAE patient management tactics.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Structural Engg"
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Vivek, A., K. Shambavi i Zachariah C. Alex. "Simulation study of ENG based metamaterial structures". W 2016 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccicct.2016.7987973.
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Siotor, I. G. "Lightweight Structures Technology for Bridges Small and Large – Short History and new Developments". W IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0463.
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<p>All sorts of bridges have been built by humans ever since they have decided to cross an obstacle on their way. Historically, various materials have been used as tension structural members carrying most, if not all, loads in all sorts of bridge-like structures for thousands of years, i.e. rope walkways in Chinese mountains. All sorts of hemp (and other natural fibers) ropes were utilized for smaller temporary structures, and in the sail ship industry, of course. Later, in mid centuries iron chains have been used to carry heavy loads of bridges and draw platforms.</p><p>In XIX century, one of the pioneers in light bridge structures was Eng. John Roebling, who introduced new materials and new technologies, which revolutionized the way bridges are constructed. Wire rope, cables and other high-tension structural members have evolved since those times, and new tensile materials have been invented to build bridges and other structures. Also, the advancement of engineering methods provides the scientific justification over the empirical believes for the advantage of tensile technology over traditional, gravity defying structural solutions. This paper will demonstrate new achievements in the development of tensile structural members and building methods.</p>
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Zhang, Liwei, Yewen Zhang i Youzhen wang. "Transmission Properties of ENG-MNG Structure Based On CRLH Transmission Line". W >2006 Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2006.368471.
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Kuck, K., B. Lipowicz, G. Jürgenliemk i J. Heilmann. "Isolation and structure elucidation of several tri- and sesquiterpenes from Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl." W 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399896.
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Hung, L. Y., Y. P. Wang i C. S. Hsiao. "Evaluation of Surface Finish on Build Up Substrate". W ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35153.
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In recent years, the most explosive technologies in electronic systems have demanded ever-higher functionality, ever-faster circuit speeds, and always increasing interconnection density. Electrolytic and electroless nickel/gold (Ni/Au) deposition process are used commonly to provide flat, solderable pad surface finish on area array (BGA or CSP) packages and printed wiring boards (PWB). The electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG) process is widely used which do not requires plating lines for electrolytic plating, better meets the fine pitch wiring requirements. However, ENIG deposition process may cause or contribute to catastrophic, brittle, interfacial solder joint fractures. ENIG plating has previously shown lower reliability at solder joints. This is because Phosphorous segregation at the interface Sn-Ni intermetallic and Ni layer caused poor adhesion at that interface, especially high phosphorous content (10∼15%) of the electroless Ni. There have been many studies verified that Ni3P formation is a major factor, which causes weaker joint strength and flat fracture surface. Owing to sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) was used to provide electron and return Ni ion to deposit on Cu pad for ENIG plating, it is not dodge that phosphorous element exist at the Ni layer. Hence, ph value, temperature and loading factor (plating area/ plating tank volume) in the plating path are controlled to reduce phosphorous content (less than 10%) to avoid Ni3P formation. Furthermore, ENIG has a potential risk of black pad, because Porous Au plating layer caused the oxidation of Ni layer underneath the Au plating to occur solder joint failure and low shear forces after assembly. In order to overcome foregoing problem, a flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) test vehicle is used to compare three kinds surface finish electroless Ni/Au, direct gold and solder on Cu pad in this study 63Sn/37Pb solder bump is reflowed onto these substrates. High temperature storage test (HTS) is used to evaluate thickness and structure of IMC to affect solder joint attachment reliability. Ball shear test is used to measurement joint strength at various HTS time. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron mcroscopy (SEM) are used to observe failure modes after ball shear.
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Bulgakov, A. A., i O. V. Shramkova. "Nonlinear Effects in the Layered Semiconductor Structures". W 2007 International Kharkiv Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msmw.2007.4294622.
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Ivanyuta, O. M., Ya I. Kishenko i O. V. Prokopenko. "Discrete Waveguide Attenuate on p - i - n Structures". W 2007 International Kharkiv Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msmw.2007.4294789.
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Sakhnenko, Nataliya K., i Alexander G. Nerukh. "Resonant Stratified Cylindrical Structures with Time Discontinuity in Permittivity". W 2007 International Kharkiv Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msmw.2007.4294661.
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Abdulkadyrov, V. A., i E. M. Khutoryan. "Wave Dispersion in the Composite Structure with Semiconductor Films". W 2007 International Kharkiv Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msmw.2007.4294666.
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Fu, Bingmei M., i Bin Chen. "A Model for the Structural Mechanisms in the Regulation of Microvessel Permeability by cAMP". W ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24416.
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Abstract To investigate the microstructural mechanisms of decreasing microvascular permeability induced by the enhancement of intraendothelial adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels, we extended the previous analytical model developed by Fu et al. (J. Biomech. Eng., 1994) for the interendothelial cleft to include multiple junction strands in the cleft and an interface between the surface glycocalyx layer and the cleft entrance. Based on the electron microscopic observation by Adamson et al. (Am. J. Physiol., 1998), that elevation of intracellular cAMP levels would increase number of tight junction strands, numerical method was applied to test the case in which there are two junction strands in the cleft and there are large discontinuous breaks and a small continuous slit in each strand. Results from this two-junction-strand and two-pore model can successfully account for the experimental data for the decreased permeability to water (Adamson et al. Am. J. Physiol., 1998), small and intermediate-sized solutes (Fu et al., Am. J. Physiol., 1998) by cAMP.