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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "STRESS IDENTIFICATION"

1

Dorfi, Hans Robert. "Acoustoelasticity: stress identification based on ultrasonic measurements /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856906257899.

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2

Howell, Geoffrey Peter. "Identification of plastic strain using thermoelastic stress analysis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412636/.

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Identification of regions containing plastic strain arising from the welding process is performed through the application of thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) and finite element (FE) modelling. An approach is developed that removes the requirement to have a physical reference specimen for the component studied by developing a 'synthetic reference bitmap' using finite element analysis. The regions containing plastic strain can be identified with TSA by collecting data from a 'reference' plastic strain free specimen from the TSA data and creating a resultant bitmap. Here, a synthetic bitmap is developed that mimics the thermoelastic response of a physical reference specimen. The approach is validated against physical reference specimens of different geometries and materials (AL2024 and 316L stainless steel) and is shown to accurately model the thermoelastic response. The newly developed synthetic bit map approach is applied to specimens containing welds and it is shown that the regions that contain plastic strain in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of a double bead welded 316L stainless steel specimen can be revealed. The predicted changes in thermoelastic response are compared to plastic strain predictions generated by thermomechanical modelling of the welded specimen and the distribution of plastic strain found by the TSA matches that given by the model. The relationship between the change in thermoelastic response and plastic strain has been investigated and the results suggest there is a change in the thermoelastic response as a result of plastic straining. However, uncertainties in the data resulting from detector noise and other errors mean that further development of the experiments and the equipment is required to provide a conclusive and quantitative relationship. It has also been demonstrated that TSA can be used outside of the laboratory in onsite trials in two coal fired power stations. Thermoelastic data was successfully recorded from pipe welds in-situ. To achieve this a new means of loading the pipes was devised based on vibration excitation, and the difficulties of performing surface measurements on heavily corroded pipes were overcome. The results from the onsite tests show that TSA can be used as an in-situ assessment technique and that is no longer restricted to being a laboratory based technique.
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Chierichetti, Maria. "Combined analytical and experimental approaches to dynamic component stress prediction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44850.

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In modern times, the ability to investigate the aeroelastic behavior of dynamic components on rotorcraft has become essential for the prediction of their useful fatigue life. At the same time, the aeroelastic modeling of a rotorcraft is particularly complex and costly. Inaccuracies in numerical predictions are mostly due to imprecisions in the structural modeling, to the presence of structural degradation or to the limited information on aerodynamic loads. The integration of experimental measurements on dynamic components such as rotor blades has the potential to improve fatigue estimation, augment the knowledge of the dynamic behavior and inform numerical models. The objective of this research is the development of a combined numerical and experimental approach, named Confluence Algorithm, that accurately predicts the response of dynamic components with a limited set of experimental data. The integration of experimental measurements into a numerical algorithm enables the continuous and accurate tracking of the dynamic strain and stress fields. The Confluence Algorithm systematically updates the numerical model of the external loads, and mass and stiffness distributions to improve the representation and extrapolation of the experimental data, and to extract information on the response of the system at non-measured locations. The capabilities of this algorithm are first verified in a numerical framework and with well-controlled lab experiments. Numerical results from a comprehensive UH-60A multibody model are then compared with available experimental data. These analyses demonstrate that the integration of the Confluence Algorithm improves the accuracy of the numerical prediction of the dynamic response of systems characterized by a periodic behavior, even in presence of non-linearities. The algorithm enables the use of simplified models that are corrected through experimental data to achieve accurate tracking of the system.
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Stålhand, Jonas. "Arterial mechanics : noninvasive identification of constitutive parameters and residual stress /." Linköping : Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/tek941s.pdf.

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Emery, Trystan Ross. "Identification of damage in composite materials using thermoelastic stress analysis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/51292/.

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A quantitative damage assessment methodology for composite materials has been achieved using Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA). The TSA technique provides fullfield data which is collected in a non-contacting and real time manner. The damage assessment methodology proposed requires a means of calibrating and temperature correcting the thermoelastic signal; these are developed and presented in this thesis. The thermoelastic theory for calibrating thermoelastic data from orthotropic bodies has traditionally been based on a stress formulation. There are difficulties in calibrating orthotropic materials in this manner and an alternative calibration routine has been devised and validated. The calibration routine provides the thermoelastic theory as a function of strain and permits a simplified calibration route as the laminate strains are the basis and can be measured in a straightforward manner. During damage propagation in laminated structures the specimen heats. The increase in temperature has a significant effect on the thermoelastic data and necessitates that the thermoelastic data be corrected to remove the effect of temperature from the data. A routine is developed that enables the correction of the thermoelastic data in a point-bypoint manner. By combining the strain calibration and temperature correction procedures a damage assessment methodology has been devised. The application of the methodology is demonstrated on glass / epoxy laminate specimens that are fatigue damaged and the damage state assessed using this method; the extent and type of damage is verified qualitatively using visual inspection methods. The work described is applicable to any orthotropic material. The effect of fatigue damage is assessed by periodically collecting thermoelastic data during the specimen life. This data is analysed using damage metrics based on the calibrated strain obtained from the TSA. The wider application of the TSA damage assessment methodology is considered by assessing the ability to locate subsurface damage. A complementary IR technique is used in conjunction with TSA known as Pulse Phase Thermography (PPT). Initial studies demonstrate the ability to resolve the spatial extents of subsurface damage. The purpose of this step is to guide TSA to areas of concern that can subsequently be assessed using the damage metrics to characterise the effect of damage on the residual life of the component. The strain calibration and temperature correction methods that enable TSA to be applied quantitatively to damaged composite materials have not been accomplished prior to this work. They provide novel methods by which TSA data can be assessed, and their application is not restricted to damage studies alone. The ability to temperature correct TSA data has been shown to be of vital importance if thermoelastic data is to be compared in a quantitative fashion. The strain calibration procedure presented will enable thermoelastic studies to be reported quantitatively and expand the application of TSA particularly in validation studies. The damage assessment methodology presented represents a step forward in the application of TSA to the damage assessment of composite materials.
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6

Li, Aiqing. "Identification Of Proteins Associated With Insect Diapause And Stress Tolerance." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211487603.

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Nguyen, Cong Uy. "Hybrid stress visco-plasticity : formulation, discrete approximation, and stochastic identification." Thesis, Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2695.

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Dans cette thèse, une nouvelle approche est développée pour les problèmes de viscoplasticité et de dynamique non linéaire. En particulier, les équations variationnelles sont élaborées selon le principe de Helligner-Reissner, de sorte que les champs de contrainte et de déplacement apparaissent comme des champs inconnus sous la forme faible. Trois nouveaux éléments finis sont développés. Le premier élément fini est formulé pour le problème axisymétrique, dans lequel le champ de contraintes est approximé par des polynômes d’ordre inférieur tels que des fonctions linéaires. Cette approche donne des solutions précises spécifiquement dans les problèmes incompressibles et rigides. De plus, un élément fini de flexion de membrane et de plaque est nouvellement conçu en discrétisant le champ de contraintes en utilisant l’espace vectoriel de Raviart-Thomas d’ordre le plus bas RT0. Cette approche garantit la continuité du champ de contraintes sur tout un domaine discret, ce qui est un avantage significatif dans la méthode numérique, notamment pour les problèmes de propagation des ondes. Les développements sont effectués pour le comportement constitutif visco-plastique des matériaux, où les équations d’évolution correspondantes sont obtenues en faisant appel au principe de dissipation maximale. Pour résoudre les équations d’équilibre dynamique, des schémas de conservation et de décroissance de l’énergie sont formulés en conséquence. Le schéma de conservation de l’énergie est inconditionnellement stable, car il peut préserver l’énergie totale d’un système donné sous une vibration libre, tandis que le schéma décroissant peut dissiper des modes de vibration à plus haute fréquence. La dernière partie de cette thèse présente les procédures d’upscaling du comportement des matériaux visco-plastiques. Plus précisément, la mise à l’échelle est effectuée par une méthode d’identification stochastique via une mise à jour baysienne en utilisant le filtre de Gauss-Markov-Kalman pour l’assimilation des propriétés importantes des matériaux dans les régimes élastique et inélastique<br>In this thesis, a novel approach is developed for visco-plasticity and nonlinear dynamics problems. In particular, variational equations are elaborated following the Helligner-Reissner principle, so that both stress and displacement fields appear as unknown fields in the weak form. Three novel finite elements are developed. The first finite element is formulated for the axisymmetric problem, in which the stress field is approximated by low-order polynomials such as linear functions. This approach yields accurate solutions specifically in incompressible and stiff problems. In addition, a membrane and plate bending finite element are newly designed by discretizing the stress field using the lowest order Raviart-Thomas vector space RT0. This approach guarantees the continuity of the stress field over an entire discrete domain, which is a significant advantage in the numerical method, especially for the wave propagation problems. The developments are carried out for the viscoplastic constitutive behavior of materials, where the corresponding evolution equations are obtained by appealing to the principle of maximum dissipation. To solve the dynamic equilibrium equations, energy conserving and decaying schemes are formulated correspondingly. The energy conserving scheme is unconditional stable, since it can preserve the total energy of a given system under a free vibration, while the decaying scheme can dissipate higher frequency vibration modes. The last part of this thesis presents procedures for upscaling of the visco-plastic material behavior. Specifically, the upscaling is performed by stochastic identification method via Baysian updating using the Gauss-Markov-Kalman filter for assimilation of important material properties in the elastic and inelastic regimes
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Gauthier, David. "Financial stress and the business cycle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E057.

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Le fil directeur de cette thèse est l’étude du stress financier et en particulier de ses implications pour les fluctuations économiques. Comment expliquer l’impact des crises financières ? Quel est le rôle du système bancaire dans la propagation des chocs financiers ? Comment reconnaître et prévoir une crise financière ? Chacun des chapitres de cette thèse a pour but d’apporter des éléments de réponse nouveaux à ces grandes questions de la macroéconomie moderne. Dans le premier chapitre, réalisé en collaboration avec Yvan Bécard, nous estimons un modèle d’équilibre général dans lequel les banques ajustent leurs conditions de crédit selon leur capacité à liquider le collatéral de leurs emprunteurs. Nous montrons que les chocs de collatéral, c’est-à-dire des chocs affectant l’efficacité des banques à liquider le collatéral, permettent de comprendre le cycle des affaires américain et en particulier les variations de la consommation, des volumes de prêts et des taux d’emprunt. Les chocs de collatéral ont aussi la particularité de ressembler aux conditions de crédits bancaires observées ces trente dernières années pour les firmes et les ménages. Dans un second chapitre, je développe un modèle d’équilibre général où le système bancaire est organisé en compétition de monopole. J’utilise le modèle pour étudier le rôle de la compétition bancaire dans la propagation des crises financières. Je trouve qu’un faible degré de compétition du système bancaire peut limiter l’impact des chocs financiers lorsque l’efficacité de la politique monétaire est limitée par la borne à taux zéro. Dans le troisième chapitre, j’étudie l’évolution des choix de financement des firmes américaines en réponse à différent types de chocs économiques. Je trouve que seuls les chocs financiers impliquent des mouvements opposés pour les prêts bancaires et les prêts obligataires. J’utilise ce résultat couplé avec une méthode dite de restriction de signe pour identifier les chocs financiers dans un modèle VAR. Je trouve que les chocs ainsi identifiés expliquent une large partie du cycle des affaires et en particulier les deux dernières récessions. Finalement, cette stratégie d’identification me permet de calculer une mesure de stress financier capable de prédire l’évolution des spreads obligataires<br>In this thesis, I investigate the implications of financial stress for economic fluctuations along several dimensions. What is it that makes financial crisis so disruptive? What is the role of the banking system in their propagation? How to identify and forecast financial distress? Each chapter brings new elements to complement the literature on these broad questions. In the first chapter of this thesis, written together with Yvan Bécard, we estimate a general equilibrium model where banks can adjust their lending standards for households and firms depending on their ability to liquidate the collateral of their borrowers. We find that collateral shocks, shocks that modify the liquidity of banks’ collateral, explain most of the US business cycle fluctuations for investment, consumption, loan volumes, and the credit spreads. In addition, the collateral shocks resemble measures of bank lending standard as observed over the past 30 years for households and firms. In the second chapter, I develop a model where the banking system is characterized by monopolistic competition and used to study the role of bank competition in the propagation of financial crises. I find that low competition in the banking system can dampen the impact of financial stress in situations where monetary policy is impeded by the ZLB. In the last chapter, I study the evolution of firm debt choices in response to different types of aggregate shocks. I find that only financial shocks imply opposite movements in bond and loan volumes. I use this result with sign-restriction methods to identify financial shocks in a VAR model. I find that financial shocks identified with bond and loan series explain a large share of the business cycle and especially the two last recessions. I also use the identification strategy to recover a measure of financial stress. This measure allows predicting the evolution of corporate bond spreads
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Martínez, Cebrián Gerard 1992. "Identification of novel histone marks required for the transcriptional stress response." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668153.

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Upon environmental stresses such as temperature fluctuations or increases in osmolarity, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces a transcriptional reprograming in order to survive and adapt to the stress. Histone post-translational modifications are key regulatory elements known to modulate transcription. By using a complete collection of histone mutants, we performed a high throughput transcriptional screening to assess the histone residues required for a proper induction of stressresponsive fluorescent reporters upon heat and osmotic stress. From our screening, we could extract general conclusions regarding the histone residues required for the stress-induced transcription. We observed poor overlap between the residues necessary for heat and osmotic stress. Results from the screening also suggested accessible and modifiable residues were more prone to affect stress-induced transcription when mutated. Following such indications, we selected the accessible and modifiable residues H4-S47 and H4-T30 as their mutation rendered transcriptional defects upon osmotic and heat stress respectively. We validated and characterized the extent of their transcriptional defects by northern blot and RNA sequencing. We also identified and characterized Cla4 and Ste20 for H4-S47 and Ste11 for the H4-T30 as the putative kinases phosphorylating these residues upon stress. In addition, the study of other residues identified in the screening opens new possibilities to identify novel histone modifications relevant for the transcriptional stress response.<br>Durant estressos ambientals, com ara fluctuacions de temperatura o augment de l'osmolaritat, el llevat Saccharomyces cerevisiae indueix una reprogramació transcripcional per sobreviure i adaptar-se a l'estrès. Les modificacions post-traduccionals d'histones són elements reguladors clau coneguts per modular la transcripció. Utilitzant una col·lecció complet de mutants d'histona, vam realitzar un cribratge transcripcional a gran escala per a avaluar els residus d'histona necessaris per a una inducció adequada de senyalitzadors fluorescents que responen a estrès osmòtic i tèrmic. Del nostre cribratge, vam poder extreure conclusions generals sobre els residus d'histona necessaris per a la transcripció induïda per estrès. Vam observar poc solapament entre els residus necessaris per l’estrès tèrmic i osmòtic. Els resultats del cribratge també suggereixen que els residus accessibles i modificables, quan se’ls mutava, eren més propensos a afectar la transcripció induïda per l'estrès. Seguint aquestes indicacions, vam seleccionar els residus accessibles i modificables H4-S47 i H4-T30 ja que la seva mutació proporcionava defectes transcripcionals en estrès osmòtic i tèrmic respectivament. Vam validar i caracteritzar l’extensió dels seus defectes transcripcionals mitjançant norther blot i seqüenciació d’ARN. També vam identificar i caracteritzar Cla4 i Ste20 per a H4-S47 i Ste11 per a H4-T30 com a possibles quinases que fosforilen els dos residus en estrès. A més, l'estudi d'altres residus identificats en el cribratge obre noves possibilitats per identificar noves modificacions d'histona rellevants per a la resposta transcripcional en estrès.
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Herrmann, Leonie. "Identification and characterization of novel candidate molecules for posttraumatic stress disorder." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-157327.

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