Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Street life – japan – tokyo”
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Carriger, Michelle Liu. "“Maiden's Armor”: Global Gothic Lolita Fashion Communities and Technologies of Girly Counteridentity". Theatre Survey 60, nr 1 (21.12.2018): 122–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557418000522.
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It starts with a dress, or dresses. Among a menagerie of rainbow variations, certain features are standard: lace and ruffle-decked blouses under jumpers, aprons, or high-waisted belled and crinolined knee-length skirts; more skin covered than bare; headwear including bonnets, miniature hats, or massive bows over ringlets and long tresses. So many ruffles; so much lace (Fig. 1). Beginning in the late 1990s,gothic lolitas—overwhelmingly young women in their teens and twenties, and overwhelmingly girly in their outsized bows, platform Mary Jane shoes, and petticoated skirts—stood out as defiantly, bizarrely out of place and time on the Tokyo street scene, all bright white and concrete in Harajuku, a built-up postwar neighborhood of Tokyo known as a youth haven since the 1960s. More than twenty years later, although most Harajuku fashions have died out in keeping with a fad's typically short life cycle, the gothic lolitas have persisted and even multiplied, thanks in large part to the Internet, which has helped muster an army of misfit girl aristocrats not just in Japan but around the globe.
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Dodd, Stephen. "Structures of colonialism in Itō Sei's “Yūki no machi”". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 76, nr 3 (23.07.2013): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x13000463.
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AbstractIn Itō Sei's (1905–69) “Yūki no machi” (Streets of ghosts, 1937), a narrator returns to his native town of Otaru, Hokkaido, where he experiences a hellish and hallucinatory encounter with people from his past. He is forced to confront shameful aspects of his youthful life that he had tried to repress. In this paper, I propose that a close examination of the story sheds useful light on the real fears, tensions and expectations surrounding colonialism that had become an integral part of Japanese culture and society during the late 1930s. Structures of colonialism, which speak of uneven power relationships between a dominant centre and a distant weaker locality, are spelt out, for example, through the railway network and racist ideology that appear in the story. I also explore the story's depiction of a colonial relationship between mainland Japanese culture centred round Tokyo and the peripheral outpost of Hokkaido. More generally, I suggest that the story illuminates a global power configuration between Japan and its colonies that was entering an increasingly aggressive and bellicose phase during the late 1930s.
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Huang, Po-Lung. "Japanese street dance culture in manga and anime: Hip hop transcription in Samurai Champloo and Tokyo Tribe-2". East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 7, nr 1 (1.04.2021): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eapc_00039_1.
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Street dance, one of the four most important elements of hip hop culture, was developed mainly by African American youths in the 1970s and imported to Japan in the 1980s. Since then, street dance has been diversified by local media such as manga/anime in Japan. This article therefore analyses how Japanese storytelling, exemplified by Shin’ichirō Watanabe’s anime Samurai Champloo (2004–05), Santa Inoue’s manga Tokyo Tribe-2 (1997–2005) and Tatsuo Satō’s anime adaptation Tokyo Tribes (2006–07), has transcribed the hip hop elements into the Tokugawa-Edo period’s art scenes and fictitious ‘Tōkyō’, and provides a basis for understanding hip hop culture in Japan by drawing on Charles Taylor’s ‘language of perspicuous contrast’ (1985). Although manga and anime quickly reflected popular cultural trends in Japan, hip hop elements did not manifest as main material until Tokyo Tribe-2 was released. Thus, there was apparently a prolonged interval between the arrival of hip hop culture in Japan and its representation by manga/anime after Japanese youths’ first fancied street dance. Therefore, street dance culture could have been transformed within the Japanese cultural context. This article also analyses the representation/transcription of street dance and hip hop in manga/amine by contextualizing the Japanese sociopolitical background to explain this prolonged interval.
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Sinaga, Jeremia Pandapotan P., i Rany Arfianty. "Pengaruh Gairaigo Terhadap Lanskap Linguistik di Nishikasai, Tokyo". Jurnal SORA - Pernik Studi Bahasa Asing 8, nr 1 (3.06.2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58359/jurnal_sora.v8i1.181.
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Linguistic landscape (LL) refers to the signs of linguistic objects located in public spaces as a place for human social interaction to perform a series of cultural activities. The linguistic landscape in Japan, in particular, on Nishikasai street, Tokyo, uses an absorption word called Gairaigo. This research focuses on the use of Gairaigo in the Japanese linguistic landscape, particularly in Nishikasai street, Tokyo. Through a qualitative method, the research data is drawn from the linguistic landscape along Nishikasai street, Tokyo. In the linguistic landscape of Nishikasai street, Tokyo, there are lexical semantic meanings connected with Gairaigo and there are shifts in the mention and selection of words even though the meaning and function are similar. On the other hand, the absorption of foreign language into Japanese was also found to have no change in word composition or meaning and function. The results of LL's research in Nishikasai, Tokyo showed that the criteria for the formation and use of gairaigo is based on the nuances of meaning contained in the foreign word cannot be represented by an equivalent word in Japanese; the foreign word used as Gairaigo is considered effective and efficient; and the foreign word, according to the sense of language, is considered to have good taste value, good, and harmonious as expressed by Sudjianto (2004).
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Mitsui, Tôru. "Musicology, ethnomusicology and popular music studies: two conferences in Japan in 2002". Popular Music 22, nr 3 (październik 2003): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143003003246.
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The Musicological Society of Japan celebrated its fiftieth anniversary by holding an international congress on 2–4 November 2002 in Shizuoka, a city which is not far from Tokyo, whose skyline is backed by the imposing Mount Fuji. 470 people were registered as participants, out of whom about 100 were from abroad. The conference coincided with the International Convention of Street Performance in the same city.
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Blasquez, L. Y. Espejo, Y. K. Nguyen Tran i R. Murata. "Streetscape Scenarios of Ephemeral Public Spaces before and during the pandemic of COVID-19 in Ura-Harajuku, Tokyo". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1122, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1122/1/012003.
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Abstract Over the past two years, the Coronavirus pandemic has affected not only the modern working lifestyle but also has impacted street life by demanding social distance and avoiding closed and crowded places. Since then, the public spaces around the world have been trying to adapt to this new environment. Tokyo, one of the most populated metropolises in the world, known for its small apartments and lively streets, has previously made use of the street as a public space, for instance, some commercial Streets in Tokyo are enjoyed as an entire sidewalk by sharing the same space with different means of transportation, providing a walkable environment as a sustainable solution for accessibility in the actual city life. This study will clarify some of the necessities of the new streetscape environment, it will contribute to learning from the ephemeral and close relationship of the use of the street as public spaces in the COVID-19 pandemic and before, enlightening safe but lively pedestrian activities as sustainable and dynamic strategies for a constantly changing lifestyle, helping our cities to be resilient in unpredictable situations for the street life of today and the future emergencies.
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Tsukada, Noriko, Nobuhiro Maeda i Katsuya Iijima. "EXPANDING EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IN GERONTOLOGY IN JAPAN". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1.12.2023): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1092.
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Abstract There are two universities that offer Gerontology curriculum and confer Gerontology degrees in Japan, including J.F. Oberlin University and The University of Tokyo. J.F. Oberlin University started its Master’s program in 2002 and its doctoral program in 2004. The University of Tokyo endowed a Gerontology Research Division in 2006 and started its cross-departmental program in Gerontology in 2008. The endowed Gerontology Research Division was elevated to the Institute of Gerontology (IOG) in 2009. From April 2014 through March 2021, the Gerontology program, known as the Global Leadership Initiative for Age-Friendly Society (GLAFS) at The University of Tokyo, was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Today, The University of Tokyo now funds the program which was renamed World-leading Innovative Graduate Study Program in Gerontology: Global Leadership Initiative for Age-Friendly Society (WINGS-GLAFS). This paper first presents a brief history of Gerontology-related events in Japan, including foundational education proposals of The Science Council of Japan, then introduces Japan’s leading Gerontology education programs offered by J.F. Oberlin University and The University of Tokyo in detail. Finally, it presents other gerontology related activities including the Gerontology Literacy Test started by the IOG in 2013.
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Takahashi, Tatsuki, Maho Inukai, Michihito Sasaki, Madlin Potratz, Supasiri Jarusombuti, Yuji Fujii, Shoko Nishiyama i in. "Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Rabies Virus Strain Isolated from a Dog in Tokyo, Japan in the 1940s". Viruses 12, nr 9 (20.08.2020): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090914.
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The rabies virus strain Komatsugawa (Koma), which was isolated from a dog in Tokyo in the 1940s before eradication of rabies in Japan in 1957, is known as the only existent Japanese field strain (street strain). Although this strain potentially provides a useful model to study rabies pathogenesis, little is known about its genetic and phenotypic properties. Notably, this strain underwent serial passages in rodents after isolation, indicating the possibility that it may have lost biological characteristics as a street strain. In this study, to evaluate the utility of the Koma strain for studying rabies pathogenesis, we examined the genetic properties and in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. Genome-wide genetic analyses showed that, consistent with previous findings from partial sequence analyses, the Koma strain is closely related to a Russian street strain within the Arctic-related phylogenetic clade. Phenotypic examinations in vitro revealed that the Koma strain and the representative street strains are less neurotropic than the laboratory strains. Examination by using a mouse model demonstrated that the Koma strain and the street strains are more neuroinvasive than the laboratory strains. These findings indicate that the Koma strain retains phenotypes similar to those of street strains, and is therefore useful for studying rabies pathogenesis.
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Kojima, N., Y. Ohya, M. Futamura, M. Akashi, K. Akiyama, K. Takahashi, T. Nakagawa i in. "Impaired Quality of Life in Child Asthmatics in Tokyo, Japan". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 117, nr 2 (luty 2006): S140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.558.
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Usami, Tatsuo. "Earthquake Studies and the Earthquake Prediction System in Japan". Journal of Disaster Research 1, nr 3 (1.12.2006): 416–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0416.
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At 11h58m of Sept. 1, 1923, the coastal area of the south Kanto District, including big cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama, Kamakura and Atami, was violently shaken by a big shock. Disastrous vibrations continued for a couple of minutes. Immediately after the earthquake, fires arose at 163 points in Tokyo and about 3,800 ha were burnt to ashes. About 316,000 houses, 70% of all the houses in Tokyo, vanished in the fires. In Yokohama, fires arose at about 60 points and burnt about 950 ha and 60,000 houses, that is, 60% were destroyed by fires. Sum of the dead and the missing was 142,807, about 80-90% of whom were killed by fires. The most tragic event took place in the Hihukusho-yard (6 ha), which is located in downtown Tokyo. Many people who escaped from fires and other injuries gathered in this place with the minimum of personal property necessary for daily life. Fire was started on this meager assemblage and finally, 44,030 persons – almost all who gathered there – were burnt to death.
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Kawatsu, L., N. Sato, J. Ngamvithayapong-Yanai i N. Ishikawa. "Leaving the street and reconstructing lives: impact of DOTS in empowering homeless people in Tokyo, Japan". International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 17, nr 7 (1.07.2013): 940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0503.
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Maleen Bachmann, Inger. "Aging in urban Japan – intergenerational reading in Tokyo". Working with Older People 18, nr 1 (4.03.2014): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wwop-10-2013-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a volunteer network from the Tokyo Metropolitan area that addresses the urge for senior citizens to stay mentally active and provide a possibility for them to participate in intergenerational contact as to feel included and useful to society. Design/methodology/approach – The research derives from literature review, local government documents and online presentation as well as an interview that has been conducted by the Tokyo senior information site. Findings – The REPRINTS (Research of Productivity by Intergenerational Sympathy) network in Tokyo is but one answer that combines a mentally challenging activity with intergenerational contact. The network presents an easy to reach and easy to implement diversion for schools to enable children to experience the traditional form of storytelling and help senior citizens to feel challenged and needed. Practical implications – Learning from the experience of the REPRINTS network could help to set up similar activities in other communities that deal with the same problems and are seeking ways to include senior citizens, help them stay active and useful for the community and encourage intergenerational contact. Originality/value – Japan is one of the forerunners when it comes to aging population. Yet, most research still focusses on the challenges, care and especially problems that occur in dying rural areas. This paper instead tries to take a more positive look to the future and concentrates on urban life and its context.
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Watts, Jonathan. "tokyo Japan set to make first legal prohibition on life-sciences research". Lancet 354, nr 9193 (listopad 1999): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)76855-0.
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Kanou, Kouki, i Hiroshi Kohno. "Early life history of a seahorse, Hippocampus mohnikei , in Tokyo Bay, Japan". Ichthyological Research 48, nr 4 (1.11.2001): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10228-001-8159-9.
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Kowalczyk, Beata. "Invisible (Tokyo Station) City of Transformation: Social Change and its Spatial Expression in Modern Japan". Asian Studies, nr 3 (1.12.2011): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2011.15.3.23-38.
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Within the context of modernization and globalization, processes which Japan has been undergoing since Meiji era, reorganization of the urban space and appearance of new “(semi)-public” spaces, such as railway station, share certain elements in the transformation of everyday life of the Japanese society. This paper will attempt at showing main directions of changes observable in the “society in transition” through analysis of inner order of Tokyo Station, known already also as Tokyo Station City.
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Sultan Zeb Khan, Syed Umer Farooq, Khurshid Ali, Sofia Shehzad, Sofia Haider Durrani i Abdul Hameed. "FREQUENCY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VARIOUS DENTAL PROCEDURES". Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry 9, nr 04 (31.12.2019): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v9i04.393.
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Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing various dental procedures at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic and Tokyo Dental College Japan. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, we determined the frequency of HBV and HCV by screening the patients for HBs antigen and HCV antibody in blood serum before going for any dental procedures. Data were recorded from December 1999 to 2009(9 years & 8 months) in the Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic whereas in Tokyo Dental College Japan from October 2006 up to May 2008 (1 year and 8 months).
Results: In this study, we assessed 2,181 patients for HBs, out of which 13 (0.60%) cases were found positive for HBs at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic, and out of 3216 patients 33 (1.02%) patients were found positive for HBs antigen at Tokyo Dental College. On another hand 31 (1.42%) patients out of 2181 were found positive of HCV antibody at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic and 45 numbers of cases (1.43%) were found positive for HCV antibody at Tokyo Dental College. Most of the patients were found to be in the 6th and 7th decade of life.
Conclusion: Screening for HBV and HCV should be mandatory for every patient going through any invasive and non- invasive dental procedures. Furthermore, sterilizations and standard precautionary protocols must also be observed at Dental clinics and hospitals.
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Hasegawa, Junichi. "The reconstruction of bombed cities in Japan after the Second World War". Urban Morphology 12, nr 1 (27.08.2007): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v12i1.3939.
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The reconstruction of bombed cities in Japan after the Second World War has recently attracted much attention and has given rise to important research in English on exceptional cases, such as Tokyo, Osaka and Hiroshima. This research shows that these cities were forced to retreat from the initial idealistic planning for reconstruction owing to pressure from central government, and that local authorities were not able to incorporate the views of ordinary people under the town planning system at that time. This paper examines the cases of eight provincial cities that were designated by the government in the late 1940s as 'model cities' of war-damage reconstruction, as they were considered to have made remarkable progress. The planned major reconstruction of the eight cities, which brought about substantial changes to their physical forms, was in most cases characterized by a wide street leading to a new square fronting the principal railway station. However, the reaction of ordinary citizens to the official reconstruction proposals often prevented their full implementation.
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Kofuji, Yasuo. "Hisayoshi Takeda, Insolvency of Life Insurance Companies in Japan, Seibundoh, Tokyo, 2008, 265p". Hokengakuzasshi (JOURNAL of INSURANCE SCIENCE), nr 602 (2008): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5609/jsis.2008.602_173.
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Okada, Taishi. "NLI Research Institute, Life Insurance in Japan, Nikkei Publishing Inc., Tokyo, 2011, 379p". Hokengakuzasshi (JOURNAL of INSURANCE SCIENCE) 2011, nr 615 (2011): 615_263–615_264. http://dx.doi.org/10.5609/jsis.2011.615_263.
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Liff, Adam P. "Japan in 2020". Asian Survey 61, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2021.61.1.49.
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Japan’s leaders began 2020 with grand ambitions to make it a historic year. Tokyo was set to welcome the world for the Summer Olympics, Japan’s first since 1964, and Abe Shinzō, the powerful prime minister, planned to realize his party’s 65-year-old dream: revising Japan’s never-amended, US-drafted 1947 constitution. By spring, however, it was clear that COVID-19 had other plans. Despite public health outcomes better than in any other G7 member, daily life was severely disrupted, and the domestic political and economic fallout for Japan was significant. By late summer, circumstances were improving, but both Abe’s popularity and his personal health had suffered. He resigned in September, ending the longest prime-ministership in Japanese history. Though COVID-19 and the end of the Abe Era were the major storylines of Japan in 2020, a subplot was, paradoxically, remarkable continuity in national politics and foreign affairs.
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Kulagina, Ol'ga A. "LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF ETHNOCULTURAL DISSONANCE IN AMÉLIE NOTHOMB'S NOVEL "TOKYO FIANCÉE"". RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, nr 9 (2020): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2020-9-217-225.
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The life and work of the modern Belgian writer Amélie Nothomb are directly connected with Japan and Japanese culture, so her works can be considered as important sources of knowledge about the country, which remained closed to foreigners for several centuries and does not often come into the focus of attention of modern French-speaking authors. In particular, the autobiographical novel “Tokyo Fiancée” (“Ni d’Ève ni d’Adam”, 2007) is an example of a detailed description of cross-cultural Japanese-Belgian contacts, as well as the behavior of representatives of Japanese linguoculture in everyday life, which the author had the opportunity to observe during her life in Japan. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main linguistic means of representing cultural otherness and, as a consequence of that otherness, ethno-cultural dissonance in the above-mentioned novel. The paper also clarifies the key concepts of ethno-cultural dissonance and otherness. The main research methods are linguistic-stylistic and linguistic-cultural analysis of an authentic literary text. Based on the results of the research, conclusions will be formulated about the specifics in the linguistic representation of ethno-cultural dissonance and cultural otherness in the novel under analysis.
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(Yoshi), Yoshihara Toyoshi. "A Personal Attempt to Introduce Canadian Theatre to Japan". Canadian Theatre Review 85 (grudzień 1995): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.85.004.
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With its population of twelve million, Tokyo is a huge market for performing arts. It has more than one hundred theatres, and in each theatre something goes on almost every day. (Unlike in North America or Europe, there is no “Theatre Season” in Japan. Performances go on all the year round, probably because of the size of the market and the high cost of building and maintaining a theatre.) The repertoire ranges from Japanese classics, such as Kabuki or Noh, to modern dramas reflecting the day-to-day life of contemporary Japanese.
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Schulz, Evelyn. "Narratives of Counter-Modernity: Urban Spaces and Mnemonic Sites in the Tôkyô Hanjôki". European Journal of East Asian Studies 2, nr 1 (24.03.2003): 117–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-00201006.
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It is common to associate the emergence of modern mass culture with the modernising city. In Japan the discourse on cities focuses to a large extent on Tokyo because of its role as national capital. Capital cities in particular are both political and symbolic centres of the nation and in many cases also centres of production and consumption. Very often narratives of Japan’s modernity are linked with the question of how Tokyo became the political centre of the nation on the one hand and how modernization changed urban spaces on the other. There exists a huge body of journalistic and feuilleton-like texts on Tokyo addressing the needs of the urban masses for information about city life. A lot of these texts had a wide circulation when they had been published but as most of them are not categorized as ‘novels’ (shôsetsu), i.e., ‘high culture’, they have received but scarce attention from scholars. An important example of such kinds of texts are the Tôkyô hanjôki (Reports on the prosperity of Tokyo), a genre that is rooted in the popular culture of the late Edo period. I here explore two representative examples, the Saishin Tôkyô hanjôki (The Most Up-to-Date Report on the Prosperity of Tokyo; 1903) and the Dai Tôkyô hanjôki (Report on the Prosperity of Greater Tokyo; 1928) in order to find out how the specific experience of Tokyo’s modernity is conceptualized there. Published at important stages in Japan’s process of modernization, both texts reveal images of Tokyo which open up important angles on mass situation and the experience of modern city life at different points of time. Particular emphasis will be laid on the question of what kind of knowledge about urban life and culture is transmitted and what kinds of urban spaces are mainly represented.
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Furota, Toshio, Seiichi Watanabe, Toru Watanabe, Seiji Akiyama i Kyoko Kinoshita. "Life history of the Mediterranean green crab, Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, in Tokyo Bay, Japan". Crustacean Research 28 (1999): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.28.0_5.
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Kunieda, Mari. "Umeko Tsuda: a Pioneer in Higher Education for Women in Japan". Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 7, nr 2 (7.07.2020): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.313.
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This article explores the life and achievements of Umeko Tsuda, who played a pioneering role in higher education for women in Japan in the early twentieth century. In 1871, the Japanese government sent five girls to the United States to study. They were expected to become models for Japanese women when they returned. Six-year-old Umeko Tsuda was the youngest among them, and she remained in the United States for eleven years until she had graduated from high school. We trace her steps historically in order to highlight the experiences which drove her to work to raise women’s status in Japan. The first biography of her, by Toshikazu Yoshikawa, was reviewed by Umeko herself, and in the years since other researchers have analysed Umeko’s life from various viewpoints. Umeko’s writings, speeches, and correspondence with her American host family and friends also reveal her thoughts. As an early female returnee, Umeko developed her ideas of what schools for women should be like. With the moral and financial support of close American and Japanese friends, Umeko started her ideal school in 1900 with only ten students. This Tokyo school was the first private institution for higher education for women in Japan. Thus, Umeko’s determination to help Japanese women become more educated and happier was the foundation of Tsuda University, now offering BAs, MAs, and PhDs in a variety of programmes in Tokyo.
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Kimata, Masahiro, Yosuke Aoki, Adachi Noriaki, Takeshi Akiyama i Akiko Harada. "1313. Disease Burden and Real-world Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia Using a Japanese Large-scale Claims Database: A Retrospective Cohort Study". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1.11.2021): S744—S745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1505.
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Abstract Background With an aging population and increasing healthcare utilization, the frequency of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is expected to increase. Since HAP is life threatening, appropriate diagnosis and treatment are required; however, large-scale Japanese data focusing on patient profiles and treatment patterns is lacking. Methods The demographics and treatment patterns of HAP were examined using a large-scale Japanese claims database from Jan. 2016 to Apr. 2018. The HAP population included patients who received injection antibiotics ≧3 consecutive days after admission, but not within 2 days after admission, and those whose reason for hospitalization was not pneumonia but had a diagnosis of pneumonia after hospitalization (based on ICD-10 codes). Results 2,968 HAP patients (mean age 77 years, 64.9% male) contributing 2,979 total HAP episodes were included. The 12-month pre-index mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score was 4.0±3.1 (mean±SD), CCI scores ≧4 comprised 44.0%. Most HAP episodes (77.6%) occurred ≧5 days after hospitalization. During the 12month pre-index period including outpatients, 84.9% of patients had some type of pneumonia record, 9.1% had VAP (ventilator associated pneumonia) records, and 7.4% had anti-MRSA prescription records. For post-index HAP treatment, ampicillin/sulbactam (36.4%, 8.2±3.8 days) and piperacillin/tazobactam (22.0%, 8.8±4.4 days) were frequently prescribed as the first antibiotic prescription. Ceftriaxone (19.4%) and meropenem (9.8%) were also frequently prescribed. Examinations prescribed during HAP: 30.5% blood culture tests, 28.2% sputum examinations and 29.2% urine antigen tests. The overall mortality rate of HAP in overall hospitalization post-index was 22.0%, in which 14.4% of deaths occurred within 30 days. The mean (±SD) length of overall hospital stay was 49.9 (±34.2) days (11.3 days for HAP period), with 12.4% ICU use and 17.6% ventilator use. The median total cost during hospitalization was ¥1,924,848.18 (&19,248). Conclusion The data revealed patient characteristics, treatment patterns, mortality rates and healthcare costs in Japanese HAP patients. This database approach should prove useful for discussing antibiotics usage trends in highly aging Japan. Disclosures Masahiro Kimata, PhD, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan (Employee) Yosuke Aoki, MD, PhD, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan (Other Financial or Material Support, Honorarium for Lecturing)SHIONOGI & Co., Ltd (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, Honorarium for Lecturing) Adachi Noriaki, n/a, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan (Employee) Takeshi Akiyama, MSc, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan (Independent Contractor) Akiko Harada, n/a, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan (Employee)
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Hong, Soo-Kyeong. "Life, Science and Nation : Uramoto Masasaburō’s Physiological Worldview, 1935-1950". Korean Association For Japanese History 58 (31.08.2022): 205–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2022.8.58.205.
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This paper analyzes a Japanese physiologist’s activities and writings during the Sino-Japanese and the Pacific Wars. Uramoto Masasaburō (浦本政三郎, 1891-1965) was one of the leading physiologists of prewar Japan, whose expertise spanned from general physiology, reflex theory, kinesiology to sports medicine. As a founding member of the Physiological Society of Japan (PSJ) and physiology professor at the Tokyo Jikei University of Medicine, Uramoto actively engaged in the public discourse regarding the relationship between nation (minzoku), science, national vitality, and the role of physiology/medicine in society. Ultimately, he resonated with a group of his contemporaries who sought to construct nationally defined philosophy of science and medicine. This particularistic approach to science and medicine faced fierce criticism and was often labeled as “unscientific and irrational Japanism (nihonshugi)” by critically minded scientists, especially the Marxist scientist group. Although Uramoto and his like-minded physiologists have long been forgotten, his active involvement in the conceptual and institutional pursuit of wartime medical new order (ikai shintaisei) - centering on the role of a nation-state -left lasting legacies in postwar Japan.
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Aziz, Abdul. "Firm Level Decisions and Human Resource Development in an Islamic Economy". American Journal of Islam and Society 10, nr 2 (1.07.1993): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i2.2507.
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Japan and Germany were totally destroyed during the Second WorldWar. Their industrial complexes lay in ruins after the devastating Alliedair bombardments. Both countries emerged from the war under Allied occupationand with almost all of their manufacturing facilities and infrastructures,such as transportation and telecommunications, paralyzed. Apicture of war-ravaged Japan appeared in the Nippon Times of 23September 1946:In Tokyo, 70 percent of the area of the city was destroyed, inOsaka 80, in Nagoya 90. Transportation was limited to crowded,creaky trains, hand-pulled two-wheel 'rear cam' designed to beattached to bicycles and ox carts. At war's end, in all of Japanthere were only 41,000 motor vehicles, half of them inoperableand almost all the rest powered by charcoal fumes. There wereno street lights at night and very few house lights.Germany's infrastructure suffered a similar fate:The condition of Germany at the end of World War II was desperate.The country seemed to be one vast rubble dump. Theeconomy was in ruins; factories, railroads, ports, and canals hadbeen destroyed; and many millions had-lost their homes. Many ...
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SHIRAISHI, Sayaka, Izumi WATANABE i Katsuji KUNO. "Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Street Dust, Roadside Soil and Roadside Tree Leaves Near by Main Streets in Tokyo, Japan." Journal of Environmental Chemistry 12, nr 4 (2002): 829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5985/jec.12.829.
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Nagasawa, Sachiko. "Vertical distribution, life cycle and production of the chaetognath Sagitta crassa in Tokyo Bay, Japan". Journal of Plankton Research 13, nr 6 (1991): 1325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/13.6.1325.
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Orense, Rolando, Suguru Yamada i Masahide Otsubo. "Soil liquefaction in Tokyo Bay area due to the 2011 Tohoku (Japan) earthquake". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 45, nr 1 (31.03.2012): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.45.1.15-22.
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A devastating earthquake hit the Tohoku and Kanto regions of Japan on 11 March 2011, causing extensive damage to life and property as a result of a large-scale tsunami and damage to nuclear power plants. Although located about 400 km away from the epicentre, many residential and commercial buildings and lifeline facilities in Tokyo Bay area suffered extensive damage due to soil liquefaction and associated ground deformation. This paper discusses the results of the damage investigation conducted in the area after the earthquake, with emphasis on liquefaction-induced damage to buildings, roads, lifelines and other infrastructure. In addition, the performance of ground improved by various remediation techniques is discussed. Finally, lessons learned from the event are summarised.
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Shinsugi, Chisa, Yukako Tani, Kayo Kurotani, Hidemi Takimoto, Manami Ochi i Takeo Fujiwara. "Change in Growth and Diet Quality Among Preschool Children in Tokyo, Japan". Nutrients 12, nr 5 (1.05.2020): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051290.
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Dietary intake of adequate quality and quantity in early life is essential for healthy growth and development. This study aimed to examine the association between one-year change in growth and diet quality in preschool children in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. A total of 110 participants (49% boys, four to five years old at baseline) were included in this analysis. Body mass index for age z-score (BAZ) and height for age z-score (HAZ) were calculated in accordance with WHO reference. Dietary intakes were assessed using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire for children (BDHQ3y), and daily quality score was calculated based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFGST score). Regression analyses found no significant association between one-year change in growth and diet quality (compared to a low JFGST score, BAZ: β = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.29 to 0.60 for a middle JFGST score, β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.61 to 0.33 for a high JFGST score, HAZ: β = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.50 to 0.21 for a middle JFGST score, β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.43 to 0.30 for a high JFGST score). Further studies are needed to develop an appropriate diet quality index for healthy growth in Japanese preschool children.
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Smirnov, I. G., O. O. Lyubitseva, B. P. Yatsenko i D. Hryniuk. "Anime-style life in Japan as a tourist resource". Constructive geography and rational use of natural resources, nr 4 (2024): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2786-4561.2024.4.special-14/19.
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Nowadays, the business card of Japan, along with high-quality cars and advanced technologies, is such a tourist phenomenon as anime - cartoons, series and computer games in a characteristic Japanese artistic design style, which is distinguished by qualitative differences and, of course, its original drawing. Unlike cartoons from other countries, which are intended mainly for children's audiences (such as, for example, cartoons produced by the company "Walt Disney Productions" (USA), Japanese anime is designed for teenage and adult audiences, which is why it has gained worldwide popularity. Аnime сartoon characters always have cute hairstyles and sport figures, but the main thing that sets them apart is very large eyes, which, according to the Japanese, speaks of the desire of their owner to contact the outside world. Together with the heroes of anime cartoons, goods in the style of " kawaii" with the use of children's accessories were produced and the style of behavior of young people "cosplay" - reincarnation into cartoon characters with appropriate clothes and behavior became fashionable the anime subculture received a concentrated expression in 2010-2020 in the Tokyo district of Akihabara. Such a youth cultural phenomenon, similar to demonstratively careless clothing and the behavior of London hippies in the 1970s and 1980s, turned out to be a powerful tourist magnet, attracting first tens and now hundreds of thousands of visitors. Moreover, a festival called AnimeJapan has been held for ten years, where every year there are more exhibitor companies that produce anime films, series, computer games; "anime" goods, organize viewing of anime film productions in offline and online formats. In 2023, such a festival already attracted hundreds of thousands of "cosplayers" from Japan and abroad and turned into a powerful tourist event.
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Hirokawa, N., i T. Osaragi. "ACCESS TIME OF EMERGENCY VEHICLES UNDER THE CONDITION OF STREET BLOCKAGES AFTER A LARGE EARTHQUAKE". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-4/W1 (25.08.2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-4-w1-37-2016.
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The previous studies have been carried out on accessibility in daily life. However it is an important issue to improve the accessibility of emergency vehicles after a large earthquake. In this paper, we analyzed the accessibility of firefighters by using a microscopic simulation model immediately after a large earthquake. More specifically, we constructed the simulation model, which describes the property damage, such as collapsed buildings, street blockages, outbreaks of fires, and fire spreading, and the movement of firefighters from fire stations to the locations of fires in a large-scale earthquake. Using this model, we analyzed the influence of the street-blockage on the access time of firefighters. In case streets are blocked according to property damage simulation, the result showed the average access time is more than 10 minutes in the outskirts of the 23 wards of Tokyo, and there are some firefighters arrive over 20 minutes at most. Additionally, we focused on the alternative routes and proposed that volunteers collect information on street blockages to improve the accessibility of firefighters. Finally we demonstrated that access time of firefighters can be reduced to the same level as the case no streets were blocked if 0.3% of residents collected information in 10 minutes.
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Hirokawa, N., i T. Osaragi. "ACCESS TIME OF EMERGENCY VEHICLES UNDER THE CONDITION OF STREET BLOCKAGES AFTER A LARGE EARTHQUAKE". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W1 (5.09.2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w1-37-2016.
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The previous studies have been carried out on accessibility in daily life. However it is an important issue to improve the accessibility of emergency vehicles after a large earthquake. In this paper, we analyzed the accessibility of firefighters by using a microscopic simulation model immediately after a large earthquake. More specifically, we constructed the simulation model, which describes the property damage, such as collapsed buildings, street blockages, outbreaks of fires, and fire spreading, and the movement of firefighters from fire stations to the locations of fires in a large-scale earthquake. Using this model, we analyzed the influence of the street-blockage on the access time of firefighters. In case streets are blocked according to property damage simulation, the result showed the average access time is more than 10 minutes in the outskirts of the 23 wards of Tokyo, and there are some firefighters arrive over 20 minutes at most. Additionally, we focused on the alternative routes and proposed that volunteers collect information on street blockages to improve the accessibility of firefighters. Finally we demonstrated that access time of firefighters can be reduced to the same level as the case no streets were blocked if 0.3% of residents collected information in 10 minutes.
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Khatiwada, Januka, Basilua Andre Muzembo, Koji Wada i Shunya Ikeda. "The effect of perceived social support on psychological distress and life satisfaction among Nepalese migrants in Japan". PLOS ONE 16, nr 2 (26.02.2021): e0246271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246271.
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Background The world is becoming individualized due to modernization. International migration is one of the factors that lead to family dissociation and a lack of social support. Social support is viewed as a crucial factor that contributes to psychological well-being and satisfaction with life among migrants. However, very little is known about the impacts of social support on psychological distress and satisfaction with life among migrants. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the association of perceived social support with psychological distress and satisfaction with life among Nepalese migrants, and we evaluated the factors associated with receiving social support. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted with a convenience sample of Nepalese migrants (N = 249) living in Tokyo. Self-administered online questionnaires were distributed using social networks and chain referral methods. The measures included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the General Health Questionnaire, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 25. Results The mean (SD) age of the respondents was 31.8 years old (7.3). The family, friends, and significant others subscales of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support were negatively correlated with psychological distress (p<0.01). The family subscale was positively correlated with satisfaction with life (p<0.05), and the friend and significant others subscales were positively correlated with satisfaction with life (p<0.01). Social support from the family was significantly and negatively associated with the type of visa (Beta = -0.160, p = 0.049), and marital status was negatively associated with support from significant others (Beta = -0.175, p = 0.024). Conclusion Social support from family, friends, and significant others was found to be influential in decreasing psychological distress and increasing satisfaction with life among Nepalese migrants in Tokyo. Strengthing social support system through the expansion of interpersonal network may help minimize the psychological distress
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Shigemori Bučar, Chikako. "Trivial Objects from Taishō Japan in the Collection of Alma M. Karlin". Asian Studies 9, nr 3 (10.09.2021): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.3.21-45.
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Alma M. Karlin, a young woman adventurer who made her journey around the world between 1919 and 1927, stayed in Japan for a little more than a year. As a young woman without significant funds, she relied on her own ability to earn a living during her stay in the country. Among the items she brought back from Japan to Slovenia there are many small objects which are not typical “exotic objects from the Far East”. They are rather small and trivial items such as a wall calendar, a streetcar ticket, children’s miniature toys, a part of ceremonial wrappings, and paper bookmarks. This paper focuses on the small and untypical items Karlin brought back from Japan. Karlin’s travelogue and other writings, including her notes on the unused postcards, give us some information about her life in Japan. Together with her travelogue, notes and messages on the objects in her legacy, we can reconstruct some aspects of her everyday life in Japan. Though small and trivial, such items collected by Karlin reveal some important details of her experience in the central part of Tokyo in the Taishō period.
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Jimi, Naoto, Masanori Taru i Satoshi Imura. "Life in the city: a new scavenger species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) from Odaiba, Tokyo, Japan". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 132, nr 1 (21.11.2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/19-00006.
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Ikejima, Kou, i Makoto Shimizu. "Growth and Life Span of the Hatatatenumeri-dragonet Repomucenus valenciennei in Tokyo Bay, Japan". Fisheries science 62, nr 6 (1996): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.62.850.
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Zheng, G., M. Jimba i S. Wakai. "Exploratory Study on Psychosocial Impact of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Outbreak on Chinese Students Living in Japan". Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 17, nr 2 (lipiec 2005): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053950501700211.
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The aim of this study is to explore the impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak on Chinese students living in Japan. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. The participants were recruited at multiple locations at the University of Tokyo, Japan. The results showed approximately 60% (96/161) of the respondents felt an impact of SARS on college life; they had experienced SARS-related fear, worry, depression as well as social discrimination and had taken SARS prevention measures for daily protection in Japan during the epidemic. The magnitude of the impact was associated with sociodemographic factors, including their age, specialty, area of previous residence in China and length of stay in Japan. The findings suggest that the SARS outbreak had a psychosocial impact on the Chinese students living in Japan, even though none of them had SARS. Social support tailored for these foreign students should be provided during such a disease outbreak. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005; 17(2): 124-129.
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Terada, Mitsumi, Kenichi Nakamura, Francesca Martinelli, Madeline Pe, Junki Mizusawa, Junko Eba, Haruhiko Fukuda i in. "Results from a 1-day workshop on the assessment of quality of life in cancer patients: a joint initiative of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer". Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 50, nr 11 (11.08.2020): 1333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaa119.
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Abstract This report summarizes the presentations and discussion in the first Japan Clinical Oncology Group-European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life/Patient-Reported Outcome workshop funded by the National Cancer Center Hospital that was held on Saturday, 1 September 2018 in Tokyo, Japan. The infrastructure and understanding regarding the Quality of Life/Patient-Reported Outcome assessment of cancer patients in Japan is still immature, in spite of the increased demand for oncological Patient-Reported Outcome research felt not only by researchers but also by patients or other stakeholders of cancer drug development. The workshop aimed to share each perspective, common issues to be considered and future perspectives regarding the strong alliance between the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group and the Japan Clinical Oncology Group for Quality of Life/Patient-Reported Outcome research as well as explore the possibility of conducting collaborative research. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer is a leading international cancer clinical trials organization, and its Quality of Life Group is a global leader in the implementation of Quality of Life research in cancer patients. The three invited speakers from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group presented their perspective, latest methodology and ongoing projects. The three speakers from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group presented their current status, experience and some issues regarding data management or interpretation of the Patient-Reported Outcome data. The two patient advocates also shared their expectations in terms of advances in cancer research based on the Patient-Reported Outcome assessment. As the next steps after this workshop, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer have decided to cooperate more closely to facilitate Patient-Reported Outcome research in both the groups, and the Japan Clinical Oncology Group has approved the establishment of a new committee for Quality of Life/Patient-Reported Outcome research in Japan.
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Fukunishi, Isao, James Wogan, Douglas Berger i Tomifusa Kuboki. "Alexithymic Traits as Predictors of Difficulties with Adjustment in an Outpatient Cohort of Expatriates in Tokyo". Psychological Reports 85, nr 1 (sierpień 1999): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.1.67.
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether alexithymic characteristics, which are thought to be related to poor coping with stress, would be associated with variables thought to reflect adjustment to life abroad. The subjects were 56 expatriates living in Tokyo, Japan. The Expatriate Adaptation Inventory, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Social Support Questionnaire of the Stress and Coping Inventory were given to the subjects. Scores on alexithymia were significantly associated with dissatisfaction with life abroad, higher satisfaction with life in one's home country prior to departure, and higher ratings on the perception of poor social support. An alexithymia variable, difficulty identifying feelings, was a significant predictor of dissatisfaction with life abroad and satisfaction with life in the home country. The results suggest that, because alexithymia was associated with lower satisfaction with life abroad and higher satisfaction in the home country prior to departure, it may be a predictor of adjustment difficulties when individuals live abroad. Empirical confirmation is needed.
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Anan, Hideaki, Yasuhiro Otomo, Hisayoshi Kondo, Masato Homma, Yuichi Koido, Kazuma Morino, Kenichi Oshiro, Kiyokazu Harikae i Osamu Akasaka. "Development of Mass-casualty Life Support-CBRNE (MCLS-CBRNE) in Japan". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, nr 5 (17.08.2016): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000686.
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AbstractThis report outlines the need for the development of an advanced course in mass-casualty life support (MCLS) and introduces the course content. The current problems with education on disasters involving chemical agents, biological agents, radiation/nuclear attacks, or explosives (CBRNE) in Japan are presented. This newly developed “MCLS-CBRNE” program was created by a Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (Tokyo, Japan) research group based on these circumstances. Modifications were then made after a trial course. Training opportunities for relevant organizations to learn how to act at a CBRNE disaster site currently are lacking. The developed course covers initial responses at a disaster site. This one-day training course comprises lectures, three tabletop simulations, and practical exercises in pre-decontamination triage and post-decontamination triage. With regard to field exercises conducted to date, related organizations have experienced difficulties in understanding each other and adapting their approaches. Tabletop simulations provide an opportunity for participants to learn how organizations working on-site, including fire, police, and medical personnel, act with differing goals and guiding principles. This course appears useful as a means for relevant organizations to understand the importance of developing common guidelines. The MCLS-CBRNE training is proposed to support CBRNE disaster control measures during future events.AnanH, OtomoY, KondoH, HommaM, KoidoY, MorinoK, OshiroK, HarikaeK, AkasakaO. Development of mass-casualty life support-CBRNE (MCLS-CBRNE) in Japan. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):547–550.
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Sato, Shunichi. "Urban Renewal for Earthquake-Proof Systems". Journal of Disaster Research 1, nr 1 (1.08.2006): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0095.
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In the latter half of the twentieth century we have cities with a population of ten million or more and highly developed rapid transit and freeways. By December 1972, the total population of Tokyo, the Capital of Japan, had grown to 11.6 million. Tokyo, standing with New York City, Shanghai, and London, is now one of the world's largest cities. In the Japan islands, people are moving to bigger cities on a large scale. This may be concluded from the fact that the economic miracle transformed a battered Japan into one of the greatest industrial nations of the world during the last decade. Economic and industrial activity was concentrated in limited areas, especially on the outskirts of large cities which furnished the consumer markets and in the built-up town areas which envelop minor enterprises allied with big industries. As the nation's largest city and its capital, it was only natural that Tokyo's postwar population growth should have outpaced the rest of the country, because it was the center of the world's highest national economic growth. Tokyo also now plays an important role as a center of political power as in it are concentrated the legislative bodies, the judiciary, and the natural administration. The fact that today's national activities in every field including culture and economy are related to the central political activity accerates the centralization of head offices of enterprises in Tokyo where they can best cope with the economic policy of the government. The number of publications from Tokyo, for example, is 80 per cent of the national total. Tokyo is the center of the country. This centralization brings us much benefit and at the same time it exerts an evil influence. Tokyo is suffering from urban problems such as pollution, traffic congestion, housing shortages, etc. which are also major problems in the other big cities in the world. The rapidity of the centralization of people and industries in Tokyo has made matters worse. An administrative report of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government analyzes the situation as follows, "An emergence of super high buildings and coiling freeways in the center of Tokyo has dramatically changed it into a modernized city, but at the same time the change has brought about the by-products of air pollution and traffic jams that threaten our daily life and health. Housing shortages, commuter congestion and rising prices are also detrimental to the goal of a happy citizenry". In November 1972, the World Conference of Great Cities was held in Tokyo; when the Tokyo Declaration was announced stating, "we cannot deny the fact that science and technology which have brought about many benefits to human beings are also having destructive effects in the large cities," it was enough to remind each participant of the seriousness of their urban problems. There is also a saying, "city planning in the twentieth century is a fight against cars and slums." Indeed the city is product of civilized society and it fares well or ill coincidentally with changes in economy and society supported by the civilization. One must not forget that the main host of a city is neither industry nor machinery, but human beings. A city is a settlement designed for human beings. Therefore we must discharge our duty without delay to fight under given conditions for urban reconstruction with co-existing residential, industrial, and commercial zoning making a comfortable city in which to live and work. We can easily imagine the dreadful damage an overcrowded Tokyo will suffer during a great earthquake. The experience of ruinous damage brought about by repeated earthquakes in the past tells us that the continuing sprawl and overcrowding of Tokyo will undoubtedly increase the danger. Even the newest scientific technology cannot prevent earthquakes. We must, therefore, recognize that it is not the mischief of nature, but the easygoing attitude of people that brings much of the ruin and damage by earthquakes. That means that peoples' efforts have been the minimum, and so we are now meeting the challenge of reorganization of the functions and structures of Tokyo from the civil engineering point of view with human wisdom, courage, and technology.
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Murooka, Taichi, Hiroki Shimizu i Mamoru Taniguchi. "Networked Compact City Policy Status and Issues—Hierarchy and Human Mobility in Tokyo, Japan". Sustainability 13, nr 23 (26.11.2021): 13107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313107.
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As a policy to promote compact cities, Japan formulated the Location Normalization Plan (LNP) in 2014. By this plan, each municipality is promoting the establishment of Urban Function Induction-encouraged Areas (UFIA) in which life service facilities are to be provided. The role of the UFIA in the region might differ depending on the city scale and the UFIA hierarchy. For this study, using the Tokyo Person Trip survey, we specifically examined the mobility of people and clarified differences in the hierarchical nature of UFIA to ascertain the current status and issues of UFIA. Consequently, we obtained the following information for the realization of compactness. (1) The actual conditions of traffic characteristics and facilities differ depending on the UFIA hierarchy. Moreover, considering these hierarchies during the study of UFIA is important. (2) Sub-core UFIA in cities with a large population have a narrow usage area and a high ratio of traffic-sharing between walking and bicycling, which might engender the construction of compact living areas. (3) However, sub-core UFIA in cities with a small population have a high ratio of traffic-sharing of automobiles and a wide usage area, which presents challenges for compact city realization.
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Kondo, Shinsuke, Yousuke Kumakura, Akiko Kanehara, Daisuke Nagato, Taro Ueda, Tsuneo Matsuoka, Yukiko Tao i Kiyoto Kasai. "Premature deaths among individuals with severe mental illness after discharge from long-term hospitalisation in Japan: A naturalistic observation during a 24-year period". BJPsych Open 3, nr 4 (lipiec 2017): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.117.004937.
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BackgroundPremature death in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) in countries without nationally collected data, including Japan, is structurally underreported.AimsTo elucidate excess mortality among individuals with SMI in Japan.MethodWe retrospectively investigated all deaths among users of a non-clinical community-based mental health service provider in suburban Tokyo from 1992 to 2015.ResultsDuring the study period, 45 individuals died among 254 qualified registrants. Deaths were by natural causes in 33 cases (73.3%). The mean years of life lost was 22.2 years and the overall standard mortality ratio (SMR) was 3.28 (95% CI 2.40–4.39). The cause-specific SMR was 5.09 (95% CI 2.33–9.66) for cardiovascular disease and 7.38 (95% CI 2.40–17.22) for suicide.ConclusionsAlthough Japan leads the world in longevity, individuals with SMI suffer premature death and excess mortality due to physical conditions as well as suicide. Revealing this underreported disparity of life is the first step to improving physical care for individuals with SMI.
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Hayashi, Haruo. "Special Issue on Crisis Management Following Tokyo Metropolitan Near Field Earthquake Disaster". Journal of Disaster Research 3, nr 6 (1.12.2008): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0369.
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1. Introduction It is expected that Tokyo Metropolitan area and her vicinity may be jolted by a devastating earthquake with a 70% chance for the next 30 years. If it happens, an unprecedented scale of damage and losses may follow. With the severity of possible consequences due to this earthquake, a special project, entitled as “Special Project for Metropolitan Earthquake DisasterMitigation in Tokyo Metropolitan Area” (2007-2011), is commissioned by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT), This special project consists of three subprojects; Seismology, Earthquake Engineering, and Crisis Management and Recovery. In this issue of JDR, we will introduce 10 papers produced as a series of the achievements from the subproject on Crisis Management and Recovery. This subproject considers Tokyo Metropolitan Earthquake as a national crisis occurred in the Tokyo metropolitan area. All the available knowledge of disaster researchers should be gathered from nationwide, including both emergency response and long-term recovery to minimize damage and losses. This project examines measures for improving the capacity for the people from disaster management organizations to react to crisis and help rebuilding life recovery of disaster victims. An information-sharing platform will be proposed to comprehensively manage individual disaster response and recovery measures. “Training and exercise systems” will be introduced to empower local capacity to mitigate and recover from disaster by integrating all of the project achievements among stakeholders. The final goal of this project is to make ourselves prepared for help the anticipated 25 million victims at most due to Tokyo Metropolitan earthquake.
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Sun, Zhaohong, Yoshihiro Takenami, Daisuke Moriwaki, Yoji Tomita i Makoto Yokoo. "Daycare Matching in Japan: Transfers and Siblings". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, nr 12 (26.06.2023): 14487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26694.
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In this paper, we study a daycare matching problem in Japan and report the design and implementation of a new centralized algorithm, which is going to be deployed in one municipality in the Tokyo metropolis. There are two features that make this market different from the classical hospital-doctor matching problem: i) some children are initially enrolled and prefer to be transferred to other daycare centers; ii) one family may be associated with two or more children and is allowed to submit preferences over combinations of daycare centers. We revisit some well-studied properties including individual rationality, non-wastefulness, as well as stability, and generalize them to this new setting. We design an algorithm based on integer programming (IP) that captures these properties and conduct experiments on five real-life data sets provided by three municipalities. Experimental results show that i) our algorithm performs at least as well as currently used methods in terms of numbers of matched children and blocking coalition; ii) we can find a stable outcome for all instances, although the existence of such an outcome is not guaranteed in theory.
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Shimizu, Yuho, Kenichiro Sato, Susumu Ogawa, Daisuke Cho, Yoshifumi Takahashi, Daichi Yamashiro, Yan Li i in. "Negative perceptions of older adults and life satisfaction among community-dwelling older citizens in Japan". F1000Research 13 (9.05.2024): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.149132.1.
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Background With the rapid aging of the population, increasing life satisfaction among older adults is essential. Negative perceptions of older adults are internalized, leading to poor mental health. This study hypothesized that participants with more negative perceptions of older adults would have lower life satisfaction. Methods A cross-sectional survey of older adults was conducted across five wards and four cities in Tokyo, Japan. Participants responded to questions regarding demographics, life satisfaction, and negative perceptions of older adults. Data from 285 participants (264 women, M = 71.97 years) were analyzed. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient for life satisfaction concerning residential areas was. 03 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [-.03, .10]). Instead of multilevel models, a multiple regression model with life satisfaction as the dependent variable and negative perceptions of older adults and demographics as the independent variables yielded the best fit. Results indicated that participants with more negative perceptions of older adults reported lower life satisfaction (β = -.16, 95% CI = [-.28, -.04], p = .008), supporting our hypothesis. Conclusions This study was constrained by limited variance in residential areas and a predominantly female participant pool. Previous studies have shown that higher life satisfaction is associated with increased social participation and extended life expectancy, and interventions aimed at enhancing life satisfaction in older adults are significant. Further exploration is warranted to ascertain whether a causal relationship exists, wherein more negative perceptions of older adults diminish life satisfaction.
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Yuta, Shin’ichi, Makoto Mizukawa, Hideki Hashimoto, Hirofumi Tashiro i Tsuyoshi Okubo. "Tsukuba Challenge 2009 - Towards Robots Working in the Real World: Records in 2009 -". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, nr 2 (20.04.2011): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0201.
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We organized the “Tsukuba Challenge 2009,” which took place November 20-21 in Tsukuba, Japan. The “Tsukuba Challenge” is a Real World Robot Challenge which aims at realizing practical intelligent robots that can work in the real environment of daily life. As the objective of the Tsukuba Challenge 2009, the robots were required to make their way, safely and autonomously, over 1 km down a pedestrian street and through a park in Tsukuba.