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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Stream fauna"
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Clifford, Hugh F., Gillian M. Wiley i Richard J. Casey. "Macroinvertebrates of a beaver-altered boreal stream of Alberta, Canada, with special reference to the fauna on the dams". Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, nr 7 (1.07.1993): 1439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-199.
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There were different macroinvertebrate assemblages on the face of and in beaver dams compared with beaver ponds and main stream sites. The beaver dam featured a large proportion of simuliid larvae compared with the main stream sites of this stream and with areas of other studies of beaver-altered streams. The fauna of the dams was typical of fast-flowing habitats, whereas animals of the main stream sites (including the beaver ponds) were more characteristic of slow-flowing or lentic habitats. Cluster analysis separated the dam and main stream sites for each sampling date and year of our study based on the composition of the macroinvertebrates. Although the invertebrate assemblages of the dams differed from those of the main stream sites, both habitats included similar functional feeding groups, except for a shredder found only at the dams. There are similarities between the beaver dam fauna and the faunas of debris dams, woody snags, and lake outlets. Beaver dams are important in supporting large populations of simuliids and generally in maintaining a lotic fauna in slow-moving, low-gradient boreal streams.
2
Crisci-Bispo, Vera L., Pitágoras C. Bispo i Claudio G. Froehlich. "Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera assemblages in two Atlantic Rainforest streams, Southeastern Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, nr 2 (czerwiec 2007): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000200007.
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Assemblages of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) of rocky substrates were studied in two streams of the Intervales State Park. Monthly collections with a Surber sampler (10 random sampling units, 1m²) were carried out from September 1999 to September 2000 and quarterly from December 2000 to September 2001 in the Bocaina and Água Comprida Streams. The EPT fauna in the Bocaina Stream was more diversified and more abundant than in the Água Comprida Stream. The EPT fauna was quite different in the two streams both in composition as in functional aspects. The results of this study indicate that there was not a clear seasonal pattern in the temporal variation of density.
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Couceiro, S. R. M., B. R. Forsberg, N. Hamada i R. L. M. Ferreira. "Effects of an oil spill and discharge of domestic sewage on the insect fauna of Cururu stream, Manaus, AM, Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, nr 1a (luty 2006): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000100006.
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Assemblages of aquatic and edaphic insects in three streams in Central Amazonia were used to evaluate the impact on one of the streams (Cururu) caused by an oil spill that occurred in August 1999. The Cururu stream had already been impacted by domestic sewage. These three streams were evaluated during four different periods of the regional hydrological cycle (falling-, low-, rising- and high-water), from September 2000 to May 2001. An Eckman dredge, an aquatic entomological net and a manual auger were used to collect insects, which were used to estimate the taxonomic richness (at the family level) and insect density in each stream. Anoxic and eutrophic conditions were determined in each stream based on the mean concentration of dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and phosphorus. Richness and abundance of insect fauna were higher in the Cristalino stream (not impacted) than in the Bom Jardim stream (impacted by domestic sewage) and in the Cururu stream, with the exception of samples collected along the stream banks (littoral fauna). The mean dissolved oxygen was lower in the Cururu stream than in the other two, while the mean concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus were higher. These elements showed intermediate values in the Bom Jardim stream, while the opposite pattern was observed in the Cristalino stream, with higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen and lower concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus. The concentrations of these variables reflect the modifications resulting from anthropogenic eutrophication caused by the discharge of domestic sewage into Bom Jardim and Cururu and by the oil spill in Cururu, which negatively affected the richness and abundance of insects in these streams.
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Crisci-Bispo, Vera L., Pitágoras C. Bispo i Claudio G. Froehlich. "Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera assemblages in litter in a mountain stream of the Atlantic Rainforest from Southeastern Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, nr 3 (2007): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000300004.
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The study of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera associated with litter in southeastern Brazil streams aimed to answer the following questions: 1) Does richness and composition of EPT fauna differ between riffle and pool mesohabitats despite being associated to the same substratum, litter? 2) Does the similarity of the EPT fauna between both mesohabitats change with time? 3) Does the EPT functional feeding structure differ between both mesohabitats (riffles-pools)? In order to answer these questions, monthly collections, from November 1999 to June 2000, were done in Ribeirão (Stream) Bocaina with a D-net (10 litter patches in riffles and 10 in pools). The EPT fauna at Ribeirão Bocaina was more diversified and more abundant in the litter in riffles than in the litter in pools, although, when richness was standardized for the same number of individuals it became similar in both conditions. EPT fauna was very different between both mesohabitats in terms of faunal composition as well as in terms of function. Probably it was due to differences in water speed, in the time of litter residence and in the concentration of dissolved oxygen between both mesohabitats.
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Vidotto-Magnoni, Ana Paula, Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia, Alexandro Derly Augusto Costa, Jaqueline Garcia de Souza, Marcelo Hideki Shigaki Yabu, Fernanda Simões de Almeida i Mário Luís Orsi. "Ichthyofauna of streams of the Lower Paranapanema River basin, state of Paraná, Brazil". Check List 11, nr 5 (2.10.2015): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.5.1756.
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Several studies of small watersheds of in the Upper Paraná River basin are currently available. Howev-er, the number and extent of its tributary streams still pose a challenge to enhancing current knowledge of their ichthyofauna. This study aimed to survey the fish fauna of three streams of the Lower Paranapanema River basin, state of Paraná, Brazil (Capim, Tenente and Centenário streams). The sampling included 3,167 specimens belonging to five orders, 17 families and 56 species. The streams presented differences in species richness (Centenário Stream: 41 species; Tenente Stream: 33 species; Capim Stream: 30 species). Two species occurred at all collection sites (Astyanax bockmanni and Hypostomus ancistroides). Nine non-native species were recorded, four of them found exclusive-ly in the Centenário Stream.
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Akindele, Emmanuel O., i Godwin O. Olutona. "Water Physicochemistry and Zooplankton Fauna of Aiba Reservoir Headwater Streams, Iwo, Nigeria". Journal of Ecosystems 2014 (19.11.2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/105405.
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The physicochemical water condition and zooplankton fauna of the two main inflows of Aiba Reservoir were assessed over an annual hydrological cycle (May 2013–March 2014). The concentrations of total solids (TS) and total suspended solids (TSS) in the two streams were unusually higher in the dry season for typical inland waters of Nigeria and showed a decrease from the upper reaches towards the lower reaches (reservoir’s inlet). Dissolved oxygen, NO3-, and PO43- recorded their highest concentrations at the reservoir’s inlet. A total of 37 species of zooplankton were recorded in the study, comprising 5 species of Protozoa, 14 species of Rotifera, 10 species of Copepoda, 4 species of Ostracoda, and 4 species of Insecta. Aiba stream recorded higher number of zooplankton species and abundance than Onikan stream. While number of zooplankton species and abundance showed an increase from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of both streams, species diversity and equitability generally showed a decrease. Correlation and regression analysis suggests that the concentration of TS and TSS played a major role in determining the zooplankton community structure of the streams. PO43- concentrations as well as the community structures of zooplankton faunas of the two streams were indicative of a polluted freshwater system with unstable habitat structure.
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McNie, Pierce M., i Russell G. Death. "The effect of agriculture on cave-stream invertebrate communities". Marine and Freshwater Research 68, nr 11 (2017): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16112.
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The impacts that land-use changes have on cave-stream fauna have not been considered widely in the investigations of land-use impacts on stream ecology. The present study examines how above-ground agriculture may influence cave-stream invertebrate communities. The invertebrate communities in four cave streams and their surface counterparts were sampled in 2014–2015, including two drained predominantly agricultural catchments and two drained forested catchments. These communities were examined alongside habitat and GIS land-use data to determine the relationship between above-ground land use and the stream communities. Invertebrate community composition and ecological health for surface streams was different between the agricultural and forest catchments. These differences were less pronounced within the cave-stream communities. Sedimentation was the principal agricultural stressor in the cave streams. The overall effects of agriculture were lower within the cave streams than on the surface; this is likely to be due to the reduced number of potentially deleterious stressors on cave streams.
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Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, i Jorge Luiz Nessimian. "Aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and composition in streams along an altitudinal gradient in Southeastern Brazil". Biota Neotropica 10, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032010000300012.
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Aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and composition in streams along an altitudinal gradient in Southeastern Brazil. A study concerning taxonomic richness and composition of the aquatic insect fauna in streams within the same catchment basin along an altitudinal gradient in Southeast Brazil, was conducted to test the hypothesis that there is a faunal discontinuity in the biocenotic composition, related to differences in altitude and latitude. In Southeastern Brazil, around latitude 22°, this faunal transition from rhithron to potamon biocenosis should occur at 500 m above sea level. Eighteen tributaries of the Mambucaba River, at Serra da Bocaina National Park, SP-RJ, Brazil, were studied. The streams were separated into 6 altitudinal zones (zone 1: above 1500 m; zone 2: 1200-1300 m; zone 3: 900-1000 m; zone 4: 400-700 m; zone 5: 100-300 m; and zone 6: 0-100 m) each including three streams. The aquatic insects were identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level. The highest richness was observed in altitudes between 1200-1300 m, while the lowest occurred in altitudes below 100 m. The Indicator Value method indicated taxa characteristic for four of the six altitudinal zones considered in this paper. Sorensen's Index and CCA results showed that distribution and composition of aquatic insect fauna of Serra da Bocaina National Park was influenced primarily by altitude and temperature rather than stream size. The absence of indicator species and the lower abundance in altitudes between 400-700 m suggest a transition from rhithral to potamal fauna, which is distinct at 200 m.
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Omoniyi, Gbenga E., Christophe Piscart, Laura Pellan i Benjamin Bergerot. "Responses of Macroinvertebrate Communities to Hydromorphological Restoration of Headwater Streams in Brittany". Water 14, nr 4 (12.02.2022): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040553.
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Indices of fauna communities, including macroinvertebrates, have been widely used as indicators of environmental changes in streams with great success. However, in the evaluations of in-stream restorations, results from the deployment of macroinvertebrate community indices as bio-indicators have been inconclusive, with scanty evidence for success. This study aims to determine if in headwater streams, and particularly according to the type of in-stream restoration studied (i.e., suppression of concrete pipe), bio-indicators based on macroinvertebrate can be relevant. We monitored three headwater stream reaches where artificial structures constituting hydromorphological impairments to the streams were removed. We collected macroinvertebrate samples from impacted stream sections and control sites established along the streams. Samples were collected before and after the restoration activities, in a before-after-control-impact (BACI) study design. We used two macroinvertebrate-based multimetric tools (I2M2 and ERA) to evaluate the ecological status of the streams, based on macroinvertebrate community indices, and to identify the relative contributions of watershed anthropic pressures to the ecological status. We found that the removal of the artificial structures and the restoration of natural flow were successful in reducing clogging. However, only taxonomic richness showed a positive significant change. The results indicate that the presence of confounding factors, not addressed by the restoration works, may have been responsible for this minimal success in biodiversity recovery. Although the multimetric assessment tools were able to differentiate between streams and disentangle the effects of multiple pressures contributing to degradation in the streams, they were limited to a level below the watershed scale. Our results showed that for a better outcome for macroinvertebrate biodiversity improvement, methods of in-stream restorations must consider the multiple pressures contributing to the degradation of fauna communities in watersheds.
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Koyun, Mustafa, Bülent Gül i Nimetullah Korkut. "The Fish Fauna of Göynük Stream (Bingöl)". Commagene Journal of Biology -, nr - (30.06.2018): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31594/commagene.403367.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Stream fauna"
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Marshall, Jonathan Coid, i n/a. "Factors Influencing the Composition of Faunal Assemblages in Rainforest Stream Pools". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040218.150407.
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Previous research has shown that a range of physical and biological drivers can influence the composition of faunal assemblages occupying localities within streams. There is much debate in the literature about which of these is more important. Descriptive and experimental field studies were conducted in two relatively undisturbed, second order rainforest streams in southeast Queensland, Australia. The principal objectives were to describe spatial and temporal patterns in pool fauna and explore relationships between these patterns and physical attributes of habitat, disturbance and biotic interactions. The macroinvertebrate and vertebrate fauna of 12 small stream pools were sampled approximately monthly over a period of 15 months. Samples were collected from all major within-pool habitat types and concurrent measurements of potentially important environmental parameters were made at landscape scales of stream, pool and habitat patch. Faunal assemblages were consistently different between the two streams and between the various within-pool habitat types, although the latter may partially be explained by differences in sampling protocols applied in the different habitat types. However, spatial and temporal variation in faunal assemblages within habitat types was large at the scales of whole pools and within-pool habitats, and this variation occurred apparently independently of variation in physical habitat attributes. These results indicated that very little of the local scale faunal variation could be explained by abiotic drivers and that some other factors must be responsible for the observed faunal patterns. Previous research had indicated that atyid shrimps can play a significant ecological role in rainforest streams, where they act as 'ecosystem engineers' by removing fine sediment from hard surfaces. This subsequently alters algal dynamics and faunal composition in streams. A pool-scale manipulative experiment was conducted to investigate the role of the atyid Paratya australiensis, which is an abundant and conspicuous component of the fauna. Removal of shrimp from pools had no effect on sediment accrual on hard surfaces and consequently did not affect algal biomass or faunal assemblages. The lack of effect on sediment accumulation was attributed to the low rate of deposition in these streams, which was an order of magnitude lower than in streams where atyids have been demonstrated to play a keystone role. The fish Mogurnda adspersa was found to be the primary predator of pool fauna in the study streams, where it preyed on a wide variety of taxa. Dietary analyses revealed that an ontogenetic shift occurred in both diet and the within-pool habitat where fish fed. Within this general framework, individual fish had strong individual prey preferences. Significant correlations were found between the natural abundance of Mogurnda in pools and faunal assemblage patterns in both gravel habitat and pools in general, indicating that predation had an effect on pool fauna. The nature of this effect varied between habitats. A direct density dependent response was observed in gravel habitat. In contrast, the response in pools varied considerably between individual pools, perhaps reflecting the differing prey preferences of individual fish. Despite these correlations, an experimental manipulation of the density of Mogurnda at a whole-pool scale did not conclusively identify a predation effect. This may have been due to problems with fish moving between treatments, despite attempts to constrain them, and low experimental power due to the inherent high variability of pool fauna. Overall, the results of the study indicated that there was considerable spatial and temporal variation in pool fauna despite similarities in the physical attributes of pools and their close proximity. This variation appeared to occur at random and could not be explained by abiotic or biotic factors. Predation had a small effect, but could not explain the overall patterns, whereas disturbance by spates had very little effect at all. Stochastic processes associated with low level random recruitment were identified as a possible and plausible explanation for observed patterns. These conclusions are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of the ecology and management of streams.
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Marshall, Jonathan Coid. "Factors Influencing the Composition of Faunal Assemblages in Rainforest Stream Pools". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366983.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Previous research has shown that a range of physical and biological drivers can influence the composition of faunal assemblages occupying localities within streams. There is much debate in the literature about which of these is more important. Descriptive and experimental field studies were conducted in two relatively undisturbed, second order rainforest streams in southeast Queensland, Australia. The principal objectives were to describe spatial and temporal patterns in pool fauna and explore relationships between these patterns and physical attributes of habitat, disturbance and biotic interactions. The macroinvertebrate and vertebrate fauna of 12 small stream pools were sampled approximately monthly over a period of 15 months. Samples were collected from all major within-pool habitat types and concurrent measurements of potentially important environmental parameters were made at landscape scales of stream, pool and habitat patch. Faunal assemblages were consistently different between the two streams and between the various within-pool habitat types, although the latter may partially be explained by differences in sampling protocols applied in the different habitat types. However, spatial and temporal variation in faunal assemblages within habitat types was large at the scales of whole pools and within-pool habitats, and this variation occurred apparently independently of variation in physical habitat attributes. These results indicated that very little of the local scale faunal variation could be explained by abiotic drivers and that some other factors must be responsible for the observed faunal patterns. Previous research had indicated that atyid shrimps can play a significant ecological role in rainforest streams, where they act as 'ecosystem engineers' by removing fine sediment from hard surfaces. This subsequently alters algal dynamics and faunal composition in streams. A pool-scale manipulative experiment was conducted to investigate the role of the atyid Paratya australiensis, which is an abundant and conspicuous component of the fauna. Removal of shrimp from pools had no effect on sediment accrual on hard surfaces and consequently did not affect algal biomass or faunal assemblages. The lack of effect on sediment accumulation was attributed to the low rate of deposition in these streams, which was an order of magnitude lower than in streams where atyids have been demonstrated to play a keystone role. The fish Mogurnda adspersa was found to be the primary predator of pool fauna in the study streams, where it preyed on a wide variety of taxa. Dietary analyses revealed that an ontogenetic shift occurred in both diet and the within-pool habitat where fish fed. Within this general framework, individual fish had strong individual prey preferences. Significant correlations were found between the natural abundance of Mogurnda in pools and faunal assemblage patterns in both gravel habitat and pools in general, indicating that predation had an effect on pool fauna. The nature of this effect varied between habitats. A direct density dependent response was observed in gravel habitat. In contrast, the response in pools varied considerably between individual pools, perhaps reflecting the differing prey preferences of individual fish. Despite these correlations, an experimental manipulation of the density of Mogurnda at a whole-pool scale did not conclusively identify a predation effect. This may have been due to problems with fish moving between treatments, despite attempts to constrain them, and low experimental power due to the inherent high variability of pool fauna. Overall, the results of the study indicated that there was considerable spatial and temporal variation in pool fauna despite similarities in the physical attributes of pools and their close proximity. This variation appeared to occur at random and could not be explained by abiotic or biotic factors. Predation had a small effect, but could not explain the overall patterns, whereas disturbance by spates had very little effect at all. Stochastic processes associated with low level random recruitment were identified as a possible and plausible explanation for observed patterns. These conclusions are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of the ecology and management of streams.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
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Cook, Benjamin Douglas, i n/a. "An Analysis of Population Connectivity in Lotic Fauna: Constraints of Subdivision for Biotic Responses to Stream Habitat Restoration". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070718.115649.
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Connectivity in ecological systems is a broad concept that embodies the transmission of ecosystem components throughout landscapes at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Of relevance to the present study are the connections (or lack thereof) among local populations of stream fauna - population connectivity in lotic systems. Dispersal, recolonisation and migration are the demographic forms of population connectivity, and gene flow is the genetic aspect of population connectivity. Both forms of population connectivity have underpinned some of the classic theories and hypotheses in stream ecology, and have implications for pure and applied stream ecology, including ecosystem restoration. Conceptual models in ecology can facilitate understanding and predictability of the ecosystem processes they represent, and have potential applicability as management tools or 'rules of thumb' in conservation and restoration programs. Various theoretical models describe potential patterns of connectivity among local populations and in this thesis these models were used to evaluate population connectivity in a freshwater fish (southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis) and two reproductively isolated genetic lineages of freshwater shrimp (Paratya spp.) in small, geomorphically degraded streams in south eastern Australia. These streams (the Granite Creeks) have been the focus of a recent habitat restoration trial and several studies have examined fish and macroinvertebrate community responses to the experiment. It was the purpose of this study to contribute information about population connectivity in the selected species to complement these community ecology studies. Population connectivity was examined in these species using molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data) and natural abundance isotopic signatures of nitrogen and carbon. At the landscape scale, results showed that populations of N. australis and the P. australiensis lineages were isolated among the streams and among sites within streams, and that there was no consistent pattern of isolation-by-distance in genetic data for any species. Thus, classic models of population connectivity, such as the Island Model and Stepping-Stone Model, were not supported by this study. Results indicated that population models that incorporated more complex aspects of stream structure may be more appropriate than these classic models for approximating observed patterns of population connectivity in lotic systems. The Stream Hierarchy Model (SHM) predicts that the hierarchical aspect of stream structure (i.e. stream confluences) have a dominant role in shaping patterns of population connectivity in lotic fauna, whereby populations among streams are more isolated than those within them. Although stream confluences were found to have an important role in population subdivision for the species examined in this study, the expectations of the SHM were met for only N. australis. For the P. australiensis lineages, the influence of topography (i.e. the longitudinal aspect of stream structure) was just as important as stream confluences in isolating local populations. Large-scale determinants of population isolation were thus found to be associated with both the hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure, and were not well represented by any single theoretical model of population connectivity. At within-stream scales, upland populations tended to be extremely isolated from other populations and had temporally stable genetic signatures. In contrast, lowland populations were connected to other lowland populations within the same stream to a greater degree, although the connections were patchy and a slight signature of temporal instability in the genetic data was evident for one of the P. australiensis lineages. Thus, metapopulation or patchy population models were found to represent connections among lowland populations within the same stream, although they were not appropriate for describing connectivity among upland populations. This finding highlights the importance of the longitudinal aspect of stream structure in shaping ecological patterns in lotic systems, and demonstrates that local patterns of population connectivity can vary over relatively small spatial scales. Overall, the results illustrate that both hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure can have important roles in isolating populations of stream fauna. They therefore also represent constraints for the ability of aquatic fauna to colonise restored habitat in streams. The corollary of this, however, is that such isolated populations of stream fauna represent appropriate population units at which to target habitat restoration. The hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure may thus represent 'rules of thumb' or 'landscape filters' that stream restoration ecologists could use to predict likely isolated populations of lotic fauna across the landscape. Such a 'rule of thumb' might be the inclusion of multiple isolated population units in restoration programs, as this strategy is likely to generate the greatest biological response to the restoration at the landscape scale, particularly with respect to intra-specific genetic diversity captured by restoration. At small spatial scales, such as for a single stream or tributary, the longitudinal aspect of stream structure can be an important factor to consider when designing stream habitat restoration programs. In this study, lowland sites were unstable and there were patchy connections among local lowland populations within the same stream, whereas upland populations were isolated at this scale. In contrast, other studies have found that upstream populations of some species can be connected in a patchy fashion in other systems. For such unstable sections of stream, where there are patchy patterns of local population connectivity, the inclusion of multiple restored patches, especially refugial habitat, is likely to produce the greatest biotic response at the patch scale, particularly with respect to demographic responses (such as local colonisation). Multiple restored refugial patches will enable species to persist throughout the stream section during adverse environmental conditions, will allow for variation in local movement patterns and distances between species and between years with contrasting environment conditions (e.g. stream flow), and may harbour different species assemblages and intraspecific genotypes due to stochastic processes (i.e. have functional heterogeneity). The hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure are thus important determinants of population connectivity at both large and small spatial scales, and have implications for how stream biota will respond to restoration at patch and landscape scales.
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Cook, Benjamin Douglas. "An Analysis of Population Connectivity in Lotic Fauna: Constraints of Subdivision for Biotic Responses to Stream Habitat Restoration". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365959.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Connectivity in ecological systems is a broad concept that embodies the transmission of ecosystem components throughout landscapes at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Of relevance to the present study are the connections (or lack thereof) among local populations of stream fauna - population connectivity in lotic systems. Dispersal, recolonisation and migration are the demographic forms of population connectivity, and gene flow is the genetic aspect of population connectivity. Both forms of population connectivity have underpinned some of the classic theories and hypotheses in stream ecology, and have implications for pure and applied stream ecology, including ecosystem restoration. Conceptual models in ecology can facilitate understanding and predictability of the ecosystem processes they represent, and have potential applicability as management tools or 'rules of thumb' in conservation and restoration programs. Various theoretical models describe potential patterns of connectivity among local populations and in this thesis these models were used to evaluate population connectivity in a freshwater fish (southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis) and two reproductively isolated genetic lineages of freshwater shrimp (Paratya spp.) in small, geomorphically degraded streams in south eastern Australia. These streams (the Granite Creeks) have been the focus of a recent habitat restoration trial and several studies have examined fish and macroinvertebrate community responses to the experiment. It was the purpose of this study to contribute information about population connectivity in the selected species to complement these community ecology studies. Population connectivity was examined in these species using molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data) and natural abundance isotopic signatures of nitrogen and carbon. At the landscape scale, results showed that populations of N. australis and the P. australiensis lineages were isolated among the streams and among sites within streams, and that there was no consistent pattern of isolation-by-distance in genetic data for any species. Thus, classic models of population connectivity, such as the Island Model and Stepping-Stone Model, were not supported by this study. Results indicated that population models that incorporated more complex aspects of stream structure may be more appropriate than these classic models for approximating observed patterns of population connectivity in lotic systems. The Stream Hierarchy Model (SHM) predicts that the hierarchical aspect of stream structure (i.e. stream confluences) have a dominant role in shaping patterns of population connectivity in lotic fauna, whereby populations among streams are more isolated than those within them. Although stream confluences were found to have an important role in population subdivision for the species examined in this study, the expectations of the SHM were met for only N. australis. For the P. australiensis lineages, the influence of topography (i.e. the longitudinal aspect of stream structure) was just as important as stream confluences in isolating local populations. Large-scale determinants of population isolation were thus found to be associated with both the hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure, and were not well represented by any single theoretical model of population connectivity. At within-stream scales, upland populations tended to be extremely isolated from other populations and had temporally stable genetic signatures. In contrast, lowland populations were connected to other lowland populations within the same stream to a greater degree, although the connections were patchy and a slight signature of temporal instability in the genetic data was evident for one of the P. australiensis lineages. Thus, metapopulation or patchy population models were found to represent connections among lowland populations within the same stream, although they were not appropriate for describing connectivity among upland populations. This finding highlights the importance of the longitudinal aspect of stream structure in shaping ecological patterns in lotic systems, and demonstrates that local patterns of population connectivity can vary over relatively small spatial scales. Overall, the results illustrate that both hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure can have important roles in isolating populations of stream fauna. They therefore also represent constraints for the ability of aquatic fauna to colonise restored habitat in streams. The corollary of this, however, is that such isolated populations of stream fauna represent appropriate population units at which to target habitat restoration. The hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure may thus represent 'rules of thumb' or 'landscape filters' that stream restoration ecologists could use to predict likely isolated populations of lotic fauna across the landscape. Such a 'rule of thumb' might be the inclusion of multiple isolated population units in restoration programs, as this strategy is likely to generate the greatest biological response to the restoration at the landscape scale, particularly with respect to intra-specific genetic diversity captured by restoration. At small spatial scales, such as for a single stream or tributary, the longitudinal aspect of stream structure can be an important factor to consider when designing stream habitat restoration programs. In this study, lowland sites were unstable and there were patchy connections among local lowland populations within the same stream, whereas upland populations were isolated at this scale. In contrast, other studies have found that upstream populations of some species can be connected in a patchy fashion in other systems. For such unstable sections of stream, where there are patchy patterns of local population connectivity, the inclusion of multiple restored patches, especially refugial habitat, is likely to produce the greatest biotic response at the patch scale, particularly with respect to demographic responses (such as local colonisation). Multiple restored refugial patches will enable species to persist throughout the stream section during adverse environmental conditions, will allow for variation in local movement patterns and distances between species and between years with contrasting environment conditions (e.g. stream flow), and may harbour different species assemblages and intraspecific genotypes due to stochastic processes (i.e. have functional heterogeneity). The hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure are thus important determinants of population connectivity at both large and small spatial scales, and have implications for how stream biota will respond to restoration at patch and landscape scales.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
Full Text
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Perkin, Joshuah Shantee. "Fragmentation in stream networks: quantification, consequences, and implications to decline of native fish fauna". Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14954.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Biology
Keith B. Gido
Habitat fragmentation and loss threaten global biodiversity, but organism responses to changing habitat availability are mediated by structural properties of their habitats. In particular, organisms inhabiting dendritic landscapes with hierarchically arranged branches of habitat tend to have limited access to some patches even in the absence of fragmentation. Consequently, organisms inhabiting dendritic landscapes such as streams respond strongly to fragmentation. Using a combination of meta-analysis, field observations, and ecological network modeling I show that stream fishes respond to fragmentation in predictable ways. First, I addressed how dams and stream dewatering have created a mosaic of large river fragments throughout the Great Plains. Using a geographic information system and literature accounts of population status (i.e., stable, declining, extirpated) for eight “pelagic-spawning” fishes, I found stream fragment length predicted population status (ANOVA, F2,21 = 30.14, P < 0.01) and explained 71% of reported extirpations. In a second study, I applied a new measure of habitat connectivity (the Dendritic Connectivity Index; DCI) to 12 stream networks in Kansas to test the DCI as a predictor of fish response to fragmentation by road crossings. Results indicated fish communities in stream segments isolated by road crossings had reduced species richness (alpha diversity) and greater dissimilarity (beta diversity) to segments that maintained connectivity with the network, and the DCI predicted patterns in community similarity among networks (n = 12; F1,10 = 19.05, r2 = 0.66, P < 0.01). Finally, I modeled fish distributions in theoretical riverscapes to test for mechanistic linkages between fragmentation and local extirpations. Results suggested the number of small fragments predicted declines in patch occupancy, and the magnitude of change in occupancy varied with dispersal ability (“high” dispersers responded more strongly than “low” dispersers). Taken together, these works show context-dependencies in fish responses to fragmentation, but a unifying theme is that small fragments contribute to attenuated biodiversity. Moreover, the predictable manner in which stream fish react to fragmentation will aid in biodiversity conservation by revealing potential responses to future scenarios regarding changes to habitat connectivity.
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Tod, Steven Peter. "What drives invertebrate communities in a chalk stream : from trophic relationships to allometric scaling". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28174.
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Despite a slow start freshwater meiofauna research is now gathering pace. Evidence is accumulating which indicates the importance of their inclusion in lotic metazoan studies. Here I contribute towards this research effort by conducting an investigation of meiofauna and macrofauna from a chalk stream. I sampled meiofauna for a 19 month period, and macrofauna for a 12 month period between April 2004 and October 2005 from the subsurface, macrophyte stands and gravel beds. The chalk stream community was highly diverse with 57 taxa identified from the subsurface and 186 from the benthos. Meiofauna outnumbered macrofauna in all habitats in terms of density. Both meio- and macroinvertebrates preferred macrophyte stands over gravel beds as habitat, indicated by higher densities, biomass and species richness. Speciesabundance relationships and density-size spectra indicated the invertebrate assemblages of the benthos to be stable over the period of the study as patterns varied little between sampling months and habitats. Production and standing biomass were dominated by the macroinvertebrates which suggests meiofauna had a limited role within functioning of the stream. However, gut content data indicated meiofauna may play an important trophic role, linking basal resources and top consumers. Combined gut content and stable isotope analysis suggested a strong pattern of generalist feeding throughout the whole spectrum of body size in the community, rejecting the concept of functional feeding groups. Predominance of generalist feeding also suggested a large number of weak interactions in food webs. While higher species richness lower in food webs indicated greater functional redundancy of lower trophic levels. Density-body size distributions were shallow with a biased distribution of energy towards larger size classes. Moreover, testing of production, standing biomass and PIB body size allometry was inconclusive with regards to theoretical predictions. The interrelationship ofbiodiversity, stability, and trophic dynamics, with body size determine the structure and dynamics of the chalk stream community, not metabolism.
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Averhed, Björn. "Kan förändringar i bottenfaunan påvisas två år efter en bäckrestaurering?" Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57866.
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The aim of this work is to analyze if a change in the benthic community can be detected two years after a restoration of a small stream. The samples were taken in a small stream at Tinnerö Eklandskap just south of Linköping. In addition to the restored area, two reference sites upstream and downstream of the restored area were sampled to compare to the restored site. The method used for sampling of benthic fauna in the stream was kick sampling. ASPT, Berger-Parker and Renkonen-indices were used to find out if there was any difference between the reference areas and the restored area. In addition to indices, rank-abundance curves and species lists were made to see if there was any trend difference between the different areas. The only index that showed a difference between the different areas was Berger-Parker diversity index. The reason why there were no greater differences between the areas may be due to the fact that two years is too short to allow time for the benthos to re-colonize the restored area.
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Furse, Michael T. "The faunal richness of headwater streams". Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286013.
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Kelly, Lucy Claire. "Community ecology and genetics of macroinvertebrates in permanent Macaronesian streams". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/738.
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Extensive community-based sampling and single-species genetic analysis were used to study factors driving stream invertebrate community assembly on islands. Macroinvertebrates and physicochemistry were surveyed in forty-two streams on La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Madeira (Macaronesia). Island faunal relationships and the role of the stream and catchment environment in determining community composition were investigated with multivariate analyses; assemblage nestedness and species richness, occupancy and abundance were also examined. The relationship between genetic differentiation and range size was tested using allozyme variation in selected species. Island species pools differed in community composition and species richness (total, and endemic), broadly as predicted by theory of island biogeography. Stream and island species richness were correlated, showing unsaturated, possibly dispersal-limited, communities, and stream faunas were nested, evidence that assemblages were not random (e.g. only generalist/dispersive taxa occur at species-poor sites). Endemics occurred in more streams than non-endemics, suggesting greater habitat availability for the former, but similar niche width, endemic and non-endemics having similar local abundance. Species richness, community composition and the abundances of individual species were correlated with stream physicochemistry, itself reflecting geology, rainfall, altitudinal zonation of vegetation and the intensity of stream exploitation. Allozyme variation was surveyed in Mesophylax aspersus (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) and Wormaldia tagananana (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae), respectively having widespread and localised distributions. Population structure supported the hypothesis that range size is, at least partly, limited by poor dispersal ability in W tagananana. Genetic variation in Ancylus striatus (Gastropoda: Ancylidae) was typical of polyploidy and selffertilisation/ parthenogenesis. Breeding system has consequences for a species' colonisation ability, and may partially explain the wide distribution of A. striatus within the islands. Variation in community composition reflected patterns at a range of scales. Biogeography detennined the island species pooL whilst local physicochemistry determined richness and community composition within islands. Species characteristics that affect their colonisation and c:\tinction probabilities (e.g. habitat selection at the local- and mesoscaks, dispersal patterns and breeding system). influence hoth the local and regional species pools.
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Wright-Stow, Aslan E. "Biomonitoring, and the macroinvertebrate faunas of Canterbury streams". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Zoology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4825.
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A wide-ranging macroinvertebrate and physico-chemical survey of 230 3rd and 4th
order streams throughout the Canterbury region was conducted between
November 1999 and March 2000. Kick-net sampling, spot water sampling and
habitat surveys were used. Invertebrate community composition appeared to be
influenced by two overriding factors; the physical condition of the stream, and the
amount of anthropogenic development within the catchment. Faunas dominated
by Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera and with some Plecoptera present tended to
occur in pristine high altitude streams with low conductivity, well vegetated riparian
zones, heterogeneous streambed substrates and periphyton consisting primarily of
diatom biofilms. Faunas dominated by Crustacea, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae
occurred commonly at degraded lowland sites with high conductivity, little or no
riparian vegetation, more homogeneous fine substrates and periphyton dominated
by thick mats and filaments. Between these two extremes, gradual change in
faunas was found, with Trichoptera dominating intermediately disturbed sites. A
striking decrease in the relative abundance of Ephemeroptera along an ecological
gradient appeared to be associated with increasing intensity of landuse.
A comparative investigation of three biotic indices widely used in New Zealand for
assessing stream health, indicated that the MCI, OMCI and SOMCI may not
assess the health of all sites, consistently. The inconsistencies were probably
brought about by two factors. Firstly, presence-absence data used in calculating
the MCI may not detect subtle differences in community structure, whereas the
quantitative data used by the OMCI and SOMCI may pick up small differences and
therefore group sites into different degradation bands. Secondly, published
degradation bands for the MCI, OMCI and SOMCI do not appear to be directly
comparable in Canterbury. The utility of a quantitative MCI with low-level (order,
class, phylum) identification was also investigated, and found to be a potentially
viable alternative to the MCI and its derivatives when a low-cost, rapid assessment
technique is needed, but expertise in identification is lacking.
The health of streams in the Canterbury region as assessed by the MCI, was
investigated. The MCI indicated that streams were generally more healthy if they were further inland, at higher altitudes, and were in forested or unmodified
catchments. Stream health was poorest in lowland sites with pastoral and
urban/city developed catchments, although 42 pastoral sites with MCI values> 100
and taxonomic richness >25 indicated that healthy streams were attainable in
agriculturally developed land.
Finally, a multimetric approach for assessing the health of Banks Peninsula
streams using macroinvertebrates was developed. Five biological metrics (OMCI,
% EPT, % Chironomidae, % Mollusca, No. Ephemeroptera) that best
discriminated selected reference sites from sites impaired by habitat disturbance
and organic pollution were combined into an index of biological integrity; the Banks
Peninsula Macroinvertebrate Index (BPMI). Strong relationships between the
BPMI and MCI and OMCI suggested that the extra effort required to produce a
multimetric index did not result in improved assessment of stream condition.
However, a multimetric index can provide additional information on the source of
degradation to a stream and indicate where restoration or mitigation should be
focussed.
Książki na temat "Stream fauna"
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Rivers and ponds. London: Macdonald, 1987.
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Kotegov, B. G. Fauna i ėkologii︠a︡ ryb malykh rek Udmurtii. Iz︠h︡evsk: Nauchnai︠a︡ kniga, 2006.
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Cowley, Stewart. Exploring rivers and streams. London: Brian Trodd, 1991.
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Pesticide impact on stream fauna: With special reference to macroinvertebrates. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
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Maren, Marion J. Van. Macroinvertebrate bottom fauna of the Gambia River, West Africa. [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: Great Lakes and Marine Waters Center, University of Michigan, 1985.
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Hershey, Anne Evelyn. Trophic basis for restoration of fish fauna in restored urban streams. Raleigh, N.C: Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina, 2005.
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Bradbury, Catherine. Willow pool. London: Grafton, 1986.
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Octavia, Williams, red. Willow Pool. Parkwest, N.Y: Grafton Books, 1988.
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Czerniawska-Kusza, Izabela. Fauna denna rzek zlewni Nysy Kłodzkiej i możliwości jej stosowania w ocenie jakości wód: Benthic fauna of rivers in the Nysa Kłodzka catchment area and possiblilities of its use in the water quality evaluation. Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2011.
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P, Miller Arthur. Park ranger guide to rivers and lakes. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1991.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Stream fauna"
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Zwick, Peter, Georg Becker, Rüdiger Wagner, Joachim Reidelbach i Heino Christl. "The Fauna of the Breitenbach". W Central European Stream Ecosystems, 195–485. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527634651.ch7.
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Green, Michael, Michael B. Thompson i Francis L. Lemckert. "The effects of suspended sediments on the tadpoles of two stream-breeding and forest dwelling frogs,Mixophyes balbus andHeleioporus australiacus". W Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 713–20. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.042.
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Pearson, R. G., L. J. Benson i R. E. W. Smith. "Diversity and Abundance of the Fauna in Yuccabine Creek, a Tropical Rainforest Stream". W Limnology in Australia, 329–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4820-4_20.
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Lorenz, Armin, Daniel Hering, Christian K. Feld i Peter Rolauffs. "A New Method for Assessing the Impact of Hydromorphological Degradation on the Macroinvertebrate Fauna of Five German Stream Types". W Integrated Assessment of Running Waters in Europe, 107–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0993-5_7.
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Wetzel, Robert G., i Gene E. Likens. "Benthic Fauna of Streams". W Limnological Analyses, 209–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3250-4_13.
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Wetzel, Robert G., i Gene E. Likens. "Benthic Fauna of Streams". W Limnological Analyses, 199–206. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4098-1_13.
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Nautiyal, Prakash, Asheesh Shivam Mishra i Vijay Prakash Semwal. "Spatial Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna in Mountain Streams of Uttarakhand, India". W Aquatic Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation, 31–51. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2178-4_4.
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Hollis, Christopher J. "Radiolarian faunal turnover through the Paleocene-eocene transition, Mead Stream, New Zealand". W Radiolaria, 79–99. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8344-2_7.
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Hu, Maolin, Zhi-Qiang Wu i Yinlan Liu. "The fish fauna of mountain streams in the Guanshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China". W Chinese Fishes, 23–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3458-8_4.
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Hodda, Mike, i Walter Traunspurger. "Nematodes from extreme and unusual freshwater habitats." W Ecology of freshwater nematodes, 109–50. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243635.0004.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the ecology and biogeography of nematodes from freshwater environments that are extreme in temperature, chemical composition, variability, or isolation. Described and compared are the compositions of nematode faunas from hot or mineral springs, pools and bogs in polar regions, intermittent lakes or pools or streams, freshwater pools in bromeliads or tree hollows, stemflow, fresh groundwaters, and caves. Comparisons of the nematode faunas from these extreme habitats with those from more typical freshwater environments are also provided. Also discussed are nematodes with evolutionary affinities to freshwaters that are found in estuarine sediments along with nematodes from freshwaters with evolutionary affinities to otherwise marine taxa. The emphasis is on broad ecological patterns rather than on detailed species interactions with the various freshwater environments. Thus, the chapter focuses on genera or higher taxa rather than species.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Stream fauna"
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Anderson, Paul G., Christian G. J. Fraikin i Trevor J. Chandler. "Impacts and Recovery in a Coldwater Stream Following a Natural Gas Pipeline Crossing Installation". W 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2120.
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Findlay Creek is a small, coldwater stream which was crossed by a natural gas pipeline using conventional open-cut techniques in late August 1992. Pipeline crossing activities included the removal of a beaver dam which was located along the proposed alignment, the installation of a temporary road crossing, and the actual pipeline installation. A monitoring study was initiated to examine the impacts of pipeline construction on this stream including changes in the physical and biological regimes of the aquatic ecosystem. Results of this study indicate that the dramatic sediment loads (suspended sediment levels of up to 3000 mg/L) caused by pipeline construction were sufficient to cause changes to the channel morphology as well as the fish and invertebrate communities. By twelve weeks post-construction, partial recovery of habitats and aquatic communities was apparent. Changes to the physical channel parameters and the stream population structure documented in this study suggest that impacts to Findlay Creek were localized, and full recovery was documented in affected areas by the one year post construction sampling period. This study concurs with other research investigating the impacts of pipeline construction, in that impacts on the aquatic fauna appear to be localized in extent and short term in duration.
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Chihai, Oleg, Dumitru Erhan, Stefan Rusu, Nina Talambuta, Victoria Nistreanu, Alina Larion, Maria Zamornea i Galina Melnic. "Structura parazitismului la șoarecele scurmător in ecosisteme forestiere". W International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.35.
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Bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is widely spread silvicolous species, inhabiting in woods, forest clearings, shrub vegetation, at forest edge, near ponds with abundant vegebtation. The parasite fauna is structured of 3 classes, 13 families, 14 genera and 15 species, of which 6.6% belong to class Trematoda, 46.7% to class Cestoda and 46.7% to class Nematoda. The results of the parasitological investigations show a prevalence of Plaghiorchis elegans of 13.8% and an average intensity of 3.8 ex, respectively with Mesocestoides lineatus larvae 14.0%, 1.5 ex, Paranoplocephala omphaloides - 10.3%, 2.7 ex, Rodentolipis straminea - 69.0%, 3.0 ex, Hydatigera taeniaeformis larvae - 10.3%, 1.0 ex, Catenotaenia cricetorum - 10.3%, 2.7 ex, Skrewabinotaenia lobata - 3 ex, Taenia pisiformis - 13.7%, 1.0 ex, Capillaria hepatica - 27.5% and liver infestation is about 50.0% (++), Syphacia stroma - 17.2%, 94 ex, Syphacia obvelata - 24,1%, 84,9 ex, Heligmosomoides polygirus - 10,0%, 5,3 ex, Strongyloides ratti - 6,9%, 23,3 ex, Mastophorus muris - 17,2%, 3 , 6 ex and Trichocephalus muris 17.2%, intensity 3.8 ex. The share of the Trematoda species is 6.6%, in the Cestoda class - 46.7%, and in the Nematoda class - 46.7%. The massive abundance of foxes on large land surfaces, including ecological plasticity with tendency toward synantropization, are the primary factors in the formation, maintenance and spreading of parasitosis outbreaks in natural and anthropic ecosystems. The aim of the research is to study the diversity of parasite fauna in Myodes glareolus from forest ecosystems with specifying the parasite taxonomic structure and determining the degree of infestation.
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Carvalho, Thaís Arlete Evangelista da Silva, Maria Helena Felix Frazão i Sthephany Victoria Barros De Farias. "RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS E OS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICIPIO DE NOVA OLINDA DO MARANHÃO". W I Congresso Nacional On-line de Conservação e Educação Ambiental. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1710.
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Introdução: Os resíduos sólidos são elementos negativos, causador da degradação ambiental. O conhecimento da composição do lixo urbano é essencial para programar um gerenciamento adequado. A importância da educação ambiental é essencial para o manuseamento adequado destes, pois a mesma é um instrumento para a reflexão das pessoas na valorização do meio ambiente. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a forma como os resíduos sólidos da cidade de Nova Olinda do Maranhão são tratados e os impactos ambientais negativo advindos pela má disposição destes. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo foi realizado através de estudo de caso com pesquisa de campo, fazendo observações diretas sob área de estudo, visando a diagnosticar a situação atual do Resíduo Sólido. Para tanto, utilizou-se de levantamento fotográfico, buscando representar os possíveis impactos ambientais ocasionados pelo Resíduo Sólido, no decorrer da cidade. Quanto ao método de avaliação de impactos ambientais, utilizou-se para avaliar o Aterro Sanitário, identificação e descrição dos possíveis impactos ambientais ocorridos na área. Resultados: No município foram constatados nos três locais da cidade (entrada, saída e praça), os impactos ambientais como: poluição visual, degradação do solo, possível degradação do lençol freático e entre outros; no aterro municipal foram detectados qualitativamente: compactação do solo, emissão de gases de efeito estufa, Possível depreciação do lençol freático, Stress da Fauna local, Redução da biodiversidade nativa, Redução da capacidade de sustentação da flora, Redução da biota do solo, Poluição visual e Proliferação de doenças Conclusão: A Educação Ambiental integra o ser humano ao meio ambiente ela deve estar inserida em um planejamento como uma ação pedagógica necessária; É necessário mais campanhas, por parte do ministério do meio ambiente e uma melhor Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos do governo municipal e estadual, devem investir em locais para tratamento desses resíduos sólidos, devendo melhorar a forma de utilização do Aterro Sanitário Municipal.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Stream fauna"
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Roy, W. K., M. G. Ryon i R. L. Hinzman. Thermal discharges from Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant outfalls: Impacts on stream temperatures and fauna of Little Bayou and Big Bayou Creeks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/226004.
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Roy, W. K. Thermal Discharges from Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant Outfalls: Impacts on Stream Temperatures and Fauna of Little Bayou and Big Bayou Creeks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814590.
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Lignes directrices pour le contrôle et la prévention de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) dans les populations de faune sauvage. OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/ppr.3274.
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La peste des petits ruminants (PPR) est une maladie animale des petits ruminants domestiques et des artiodactyles sauvages, très répandue, virulente et dévastatrice, causée par le virus de la peste des petits ruminants, un morbillivirus. Le taux de mortalité peut dépasser 90 %, en particulier dans les populations naïves au plan immunologique, souffrant de malnutrition et soumises à des stress. Ces lignes directrices sont destinées à aider les pays à élaborer et à mettre en œuvre leur programme d’éradication de la PPR ; elles incluent des objectifs, des politiques et des stratégies qui sont adaptables à l’ensemble des besoins nationaux et qui favorisent l’intégration du secteur en charge de la faune sauvage dans le plan stratégique national.