Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Strategy – Economic aspects

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Strategy – Economic aspects”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 28 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Strategy – Economic aspects"

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Babenko, Vitalina, Yana Biletska i Hanna Pelyak. "Ukraine-EU: economic integration strategy". Geopolitics under Globalization 3, nr 1 (14.01.2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/gg.03(1).2020.02.

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The practical aspects of Ukraine`s economic integration into the EU are still relevant, but are presented with insufficient formalization. The article aims to define the prospects of the Ukrainian integration strategy in the contemporary global space, in particular its Eurointegration strategy. The state and the prospects of the Ukraine’s economic integration into the EU were analyzed and the process of the Ukrainian foreign policy evolution in the European direction was studied. The possible potential membership of Ukraine in the EU was analyzed on the basis of characteristics of current state of the relationships between Ukraine and the member-states. The multi-vector integration course into the EU was stipulated with the aim to renovate the Ukrainian economy effectively; positive and negative aspects of Ukraine’s entrance into the integration association were analyzed. The article offers the measures for practical implementation of Ukraine’s integration intensions on the basis of the analysis of a variety of Ukrainian legislation documents in the field of foreign and domestic policy.
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Kopytin, I. A. "Electricity in Shell company strategy: economic aspects". Problems of Economics and Management of Oil and Gas Complex, nr 2 (2023): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33285/1999-6942-2023-2(218)-70-77.

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MOSTOVA, Anastasiia Dmytrivna. "STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF THE STATE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT". Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics, nr 2 (2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-2-10.

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Abstract Introduction. The current conditions of the development of socio-economic relations, the formation of a single economic space and globalization processes require Ukraine to formulate economic development strategies aimed at achieving strategic priorities, goals and objectives. The availability of effective economic strategies allows the management of socio-economic processes at the state level, taking into account external and internal environmental factors. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to formulate theoretical and methodological foundations of the strategy of economic development of the state. Methods. The methods of system analysis and synthesis, abstract-logical, monographic, generalization, were used in the study. Results. The study of strategy as a scientific category is conducted. Theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to the study of strategy as a social phenomenon are analyzed. The development of fundamental scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of strategy is shown. The key tasks of the strategy are considered in determining the limits of adaptation to external factors, and the creation of a concept that is sufficiently stable and flexible to achieve the set goals, regardless of the influence of external forces. The approaches to the strategy are described as a state document that defines the targets for the future, and outlines the main directions of ensuring the vital interests of the country. The boundary is drawn between the importance of strategy for establishing laws and mechanisms of public administration, processes of development and decision making, and substantiation of methodology for setting strategic goals and objectives, choosing the tools for their implementation in accordance with the existing system of industrial relations and economic processes of the state. The necessity of setting the target criterion as a result of the objective regularities of development of the subject of the strategy, as well as the integration of the strategy and economic processes of the state to create an effective economic strategy is proved. The object and the subject of the economic strategy are defined and its purpose and goals are formulated. The mechanisms and tasks of strategy and tactics are analyzed and the essence of the state economic policy is revealed. It is shown that the directions of economic policy are closely connected with the general directions of the state policy, providing adjustment of economic strategies of the subjects of lower levels while adjusting the goals, priorities and tasks of the economic strategy of the state. Keywords: economic development, economic strategy, state economic policy.
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Kovac, A., N. Jankelova, M. Mucska i N. Jankelova. "Economic Aspects of Prevention". Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention 15, nr 1 (9.02.2024): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22359/cswhi_15_1_06.

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Economic aspects of prevention refer to the costs and benefits associated with measures aimed at preventing various problems and risks. Prevention can include measures aimed at preventing disease, crime, harmful behavior, environmental problems and other areas. There are several important economic aspects of prevention: cost reduction, productivity gains, social and human benefits and long-term sustainability. It is important to realize that prevention requires initial investments and often its economic impact is not immediately visible. However, a long-term evaluation of costs and benefits shows that prevention can be an economically beneficial strategy that brings a large number of socioeconomic benefits for the individual and society as a whole.
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Kolosov, Andrii. "Structural and Economic Aspects of the Donbass Reintegration Strategy". Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, nr 1(38) (2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2020.1(38).79-85.

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An attempt is been made to present the structure of the Donbass reintegration strategy in the form of three interrelated processes: the development of controlled territories, the settlement of the armed conflict and the reintegration of certain regions of Donetsk and Lugansk regions. The stages of these processes are determined, interconnected by the logic of a politico-diplomatic settlement of the armed conflict in the Donbass. In the article is been proposed the structuring of the controlled territories of Donbass into four subregions, which differ in the specificity of their own development problems. According to the logical sequence and content of the implementation of the stages, each of them is determined by a list of acute problems, tasks and the results of their solution in order to socio-economic development of the region and improve the humanitarian living conditions of its residents. The principle of the formation of options for fulfilling the tasks of the stages should been taken into account in developing scenarios of the Donbass reintegration process is shown. The adoption of the proposed approach by the developers of the State Strategy for the Reintegration of Donbass would help to determine the tasks of immediate structural and economic transformations that are relevant already at the existing stage of the armed conflict. Certain acute nodes of the structural and economic problems of the controlled territory of Donbass can been used as proposals for the terms of reference for the development of the state strategies for the economic recovery of controlled territories and the reintegration of Donbass as a whole.
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Svatoš, M. "Specific aspects of globalization". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 2 (7.01.2008): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1423-agricecon.

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The decisive role of globalization processes and development tendencies has many positive and negative effects in economic (foreign-trade), environmental, and (bio) technological areas. From the evolution point of view still very successful human adaptation strategy hit the basic limit given by the capacity of the Earth biosphere. The evolution determinants of human society and their economic or technological activities manifesting themselves by global problems can find way out of sustainable development. The application of the so-called preventive principle represents a great dilemma.
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Ямпольская, Н. Ю., i Г. Н. Смольникова. "Regional aspects of Russia's economic security". Экономика и предпринимательство, nr 6(131) (9.08.2021): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.131.6.124.

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В статье обсуждается значение региональных льгот в системе воспроизводства и сбережения трудовых ресурсов Северо-Восточных регионов страны. Анализируется новая Стратегия национальной безопасности и возможность ее реализации в условиях современного состояния трудовых ресурсов. The article discusses the importance of regional benefits in the system of reproduction and conservation of labor resources in the North-Eastern regions of the country. The new National Security Strategy and the possibility of its implementation in the current state of labor resources are analyzed.
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., Yuliana. "Economic Recovery Strategy after the COVID-19 Pandemic". Journal of Business and Political Economy : Biannual Review of The Indonesian Economy 3, nr 1 (10.07.2023): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46851/90.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been more than one year. It was started in March 2020. All aspects of life have been changed. Almost every activity must be done at home. This causes some businesses to close. Economic flow is not good since then. The economic recovery strategy must be done to restore the economic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic subsided. This paper aims to describe the strategy in economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This paper is a literature review. The literature was taken from Science Direct and PubMed databases. Keywords are COVID-19, economy, recovery, strategy. The results showed that the economic recovery strategy must be done gradually in all aspects. The aspects that must be developed are broadband, healthcare investment and facilities, aviation, stock markets, and transportation. Broadband is very essential in online working, business, and learning. Healthcare investment is very critical to shorten the lockdown period. Those strategies can alleviate the economic crisis and increase economic growth. Keywords: COVID-19, economy, recovery, strategy JEL : A10, O1, Z18
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Horváth-Csikós, Gabriella, i Cseh Papp Imola. "Educational and Economic Aspects of Mentoring". GiLE Journal of Skills Development 1, nr 1 (9.03.2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52398/gjsd.2021.v1.i1.pp3-11.

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The OECD's skills strategy and policy highlights skills ahead of formal qualifications and draws attention to the importance of work-based learning (apprenticeships). In the economy, given the utilisation of the skill set of individuals at the workplace level, the conscious management of the knowledge and skills of the organisation now appears to be an efficiency-increasing factor. One way to do this is to involve and mentor economically inactive groups (students / new entrants, low-skilled social groups and pensioners) in the labour market. Mentoring should be treated as a discrete area, but one that is still a part of the organisation's strategically defined human resource management and knowledge management system, in which the goals, roles, processes, responsibilities and benefits, as well as the possibilities for development, are clarified. This study analyses the educational and economic context of mentoring, the nature of mentoring and the possibility of its application; its conclusions provide an appropriate framework for developing a mentoring programme.
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Kostel, Mykola V., i Anastasiia V. Samoilikova. "Innovation Strategy for Business: Financial Management Aspects". Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, nr 1 (2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.83.05.

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Nowadays business is risk-oriented and profit-oriented market activity, the mean of functioning in a market environment, at the same time conditioned by the specifics of a certain branch of the economy. Entrepreneurship is an integral part of the business, its innovative element. Innovation in business is the driving force of economic growth under unstable conditions of the present, requiring rapid adaptation to the dynamic changes of the socio-economic and political situation in Ukraine and abroad. The critical problem of innovation efforts enhancing is the absence of a proper innovation strategy concerned with financial risk and scarce financial capital. Moreover, the market is a stimulus for business development, and the shortage of financial resources (equity and debt) is its limit. In this article, we explore an essence and the role of the innovation strategy for business and its financial management aspects. We argue that the effectiveness of innovation activity depends, above all, on management effectiveness. There are a number of managerial tasks arise coming from peculiarities of innovative projects. The financial management is a key component of the management system of innovation strategies for business, which is very important for ensuring business efficiency under current market conditions. It plays the role of an important means of competition and maintaining a leading position in the markets of goods and services. A timely financial risk assessment of business and the capital structure formation for an innovation strategy are the main prerequisites for ensuring effectiveness. We offer a concept of the innovation strategy for business and, in particular, its financial management aspects. Key words: business, entrepreneurship, financial management, financial resources, financial risk, innovation, innovation strategy.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Strategy – Economic aspects"

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Agrawal, Ajay K. "Economic issues concerning the mobility of scientific inventions and implications for firm strategy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0013/NQ56491.pdf.

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Lam, Shuk-ha Sophia, i 林淑霞. "A study of the commercial strategy for an airport". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576283.

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Diebel, Penelope L. "An economic analysis of low-input agriculture as a groundwater protection strategy". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40014.

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Labbe, Eric Christopher. "A downtown revitalization strategy for Winamac, Indiana". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1180779.

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Winamac, Indiana is a small, rural town, much like many rural towns. The community is full of pride and heritage, while the downtown is full of vacancies. The National Main Street Program, founded by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, has proven a successful strategy for downtown revitalization. This study examined the current market place for Winamac using an in-depth market analysis. Demographics, trends, perceptions, clusters, sales leakages and many other aspects of the market place were studied. It was found that many aspects of the current market could be improved. The data collected and conclusions drawn from the market analysis lead into a Main Street Winamac Plan. This plan was written to address the four fundamental aspects of downtown revitalization: Design, Organization, Promotion, and Economic Restructuring.
Department of Urban Planning
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Grigoriou, Konstantinos. "Essays on the micro-foundations of the knowledge-based view: human capital, knowledge networks and innovation strategy". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44892.

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I look at knowledge networks emerging through individual collaboration within incumbent firms and I make an effort to identify individual roles that are driving a number of meaningful firm-level innovation-related outcomes. I document how certain individuals occupy such positions in their firms' knowledge network that equip them with unique blends of human and social capital, thus making them consequential for the innovative performance of the system as a whole. Integrators are the actors with an extraordinarily large and dense network of different collaborators. Connectors are the individuals who collaborate with others across diverse knowledge areas and clusters. Isolates are actors who are productive while remaining relatively unconnected and independent. I find that relational stars (i.e. integrators and connectors) positively affect their organization's quantity and quality of inventive output. On the other hand, I find that it is isolates and star inventors who positively affect inventive productivity. I find that individuals with extreme patterns of collaborative behavior (either local or distant) facilitate exploration and that productive isolates drive exploitation. In addition, I find that organizational ambidexterity can be attained by having individuals who can simultaneously explore and exploit or by increasing the connectedness between exploratory and exploitative activities. Finally, I find that knowledge boundary choices are also affected by internal organization and human resource attributes.
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Ismail, Faizel. "An industrial strategy for the South African footwear subsector". Industrial Strategy Project, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66033.

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There is an emerging consensus amongst economic policy makers that amongst the most important development problems facing South Africa today are the extremely high unemployment levels (estimated at 40% of the formal labour force) and the need to satisfy the basic needs of South Africa's population (ie, food, shelter, clothing and footwear etc). There is also agreement that in order to achieve these twin objectives it is necessary to obtain positive and increasing economic growth rates. The question of how these high and sustainable economic growth rates can be achieved has spawned an intense debate about South Africa's future growth path. This debate about South Africa's economic future after Apartheid is based on differing evaluations of the opportunities offered by the country's current resource endowments and the constraints inhibiting growth (Moll, 1991a, 1991b; Kaplinsky, 1991; Jordan, 1991, Levy, 1991). Some writers1 have argued that a low wage, labour intensive export strategy is the only way that South Africa can rapidly create employment and meet the needs of international competition (Moll, 1991a). Moll therefore argues that increasing the demand for unskilled labour will benefit the poor most. To compete successfully internationally on the basis of low wages (as Moll suggests) is only possible by increasing relative poverty, resulting in increases in absolute poverty, it has been argued (Kaplinsky, 1992). The recent literature (Amsden, 1989; Wade, 1990) on the success of the East Asian NICs (particularly South Korea and Taiwan) strongly refutes the neo-classical view (Little, 1979; Lai, 1983) that developing countries should grow by exploiting their static Comparative Advantage (CA), that is, exploiting the availability of abundant cheap labour. These writers (Amsden, 1989; Wade, 1990) argue that developing countries can move up the value added chain - making it possible for them to pay relatively higher wages - by selective intervention in the market A recent World Bank study (Levy, 1991) analyses the potential of South Africa's manufacturing sector to move on to a dynamic labour-demanding growth path. In analysing the potential of the Garment Sector (the most labour-intensive sector), Levy (1991) argues that South Africa's international comparative advantage lies in the mid- to-upper end of the world garment industry and expanding expons from this sector will increase employment and allow "moderate increases in real wages". In this paper we develop Levy's proposition - that a labour-demanding expon strategy is possible in South Africa for the Garment subsector - for the Footwear subsector. This study will focus on the Footwear subsector for the following reasons. This is a mature industry which is well-established in South Africa. It still remains labour-intensive and well suited like the garment subsector for a labour demanding growth strategy (Levy, 1992). It has a well developed infrastructure in South Africa. However the relative performance of this sector in comparison to that of countries at similar levels of development (the NICs) has been poor (discussed below). It is striking that Footwear has been a leading export sector for the most dynamic, Developing, as well as, Southern European economies during the 1970s and 1980s (Taiwan, Korea, Brazil, Italy, Spain, Portugal, China). Two sets of questions arise from the above discussion. Firstly, like the manufacturing sector as a whole, the performance of the South Afi can Footwear subsector has been unspectacular during the 1970s and 1980s. Why has ihis been so? What is the capability of the Footwear sector to supply the domestic market and to compete internationally ie, export? What are the implications of this for industrial policy? What incentives have been supplied to support the development of this sector and how effective have they been? What incentives will be required to advance the restructuring and development of this sector? What institutions exist in support of this industry and how can these institutions be developed and extended? Secondly, as South Africa develops a more outward oriented manufacturing strategy, it will have to understand the changing nature of international markets and international competition. How have these markets changed? What is the new basis of international competitiveness? What are the implications for South Africa? The objective of this study is to attempt to answer these two sets of questions. The second set of questions will not be answered in any detail in this study, but will draw extensively on a study undertaken by the author (see Ismail, 1992). Previous attempts at developing an analyses and strategy for the industry have been inward oriented (see Van Wyk's IDC Report, 1988) and ad hoc (BTI, 1990). Whilst Sid Cohn's Strat Plan 2000 has gone furthest in developing a systemic approach to the footwear industry, his focus on subcontracting as the main (labour) cost cutting measure has only served to gloss over the underlying inefficiencies of the industry in the management of raw materials and production. We provide a brief summary and critique of these strategies below before presenting a summary of our argument.
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Bush, Robert. "Business-level competitive strategy in the United States hardwood lumber industry". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54774.

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Three related aspects of competition in the U.S. hardwood lumber industry were investigated. First, product and supplier attributes that are determinant in hardwood lumber purchase decisions were investigated within four segments of the market for hardwood lumber: Millwork producers, hardwood dimension and flooring producers, wood household furniture producers, and wood kitchen cabinet producers. Attributes with the highest determinant scores were: grading accuracy, supplier’s reputation, freedom from surface checks, competitive pricing, and within-load thickness consistency. The least determinant attribute was the presence of the suppliers logo or trademark. The importance of various attributes was generally consistent across the market segments and producers were relatively well attuned to the needs of lumber users. Lumber users were least satisfied with lumber quality. Lumber producers perceived users to be least satisfied with the availability of certain species. Business-level intended competitive strategy in the industry was investigated through quantitative identification of strategic groups in a sample consisting of the 100 largest U.S. hardwood lumber producers. Factor and cluster analyses were used to define strategic groups along the dimensions of cost leadership, focus, and differentiation. Five strategic groups were identified and examined as to strategic orientation and intra-group homogeneity. The differentiation dimension accounted for the greatest portion of strategic variation. Empirical evidence of the use of hybrid Overall Cost Leadership/Differentiation strategies was found—suggesting that strategic typologies that do not account for this strategy may not be applicable to a mature industry. Predicted strategic change in the industry concentrated on increasing differentiation orientation. Qualitative data concerning competition in the industry was obtained via in-person interviews with executives at twenty of the largest companies in the sample. ln general, the largest and smallest companies in the industry were found to be the most production oriented. Companies self-typed their competitive strategies using Porter‘s (1980) strategic typology. Overall Cost Leadership strategies were the most common followed by Differentiation and Focus strategies. The majority of companies interviewed competed for customers based on quality, customer service, and price—in that order of importance. Proprietary grading was an important competitive tool for larger companies.
Ph. D.
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van, Zeebroeck Nicolas. "Essays on the empirical analysis of patent systems". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210551.

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1. The context: The European patent system has been affected by substantial changes over the past three decades, which have raised vigorous debates at different levels. The main objective of the present dissertation is to contribute to these debates through an exploratory analysis of different changes in patenting practices – in particular the way applications are drafted and filed to patent offices –, their drivers, association with the value of patents, and potential impact on the patent system. The coming essays are therefore empirical in their essence, but are inspired by economic motivations and concerns. Their originality is threefold: it resides in the novelty of the main questions discussed, the comprehensive database specifically built to address them, and the range of statistical methods used for this purpose. The main argument throughout these pages is that patenting practices have significantly evolved in the past decades and that these developments have affected the patent system and could compromise its ability to fulfil its economic purpose. The economic objective of patents is to encourage innovation and its diffusion through the public disclosure of the inventions made. But their exploitation in the knowledge economy has assumed so many different forms that inventors have supposedly developed new patenting and filing strategies to deal with these market conditions or reap the maximum benefits from their patents. The present thesis aims at better understanding the dimensions, determinants, and some potential consequences of these developing practices.

2. The evolution: Chapter 2 presents a detailed descriptive analysis of the evolution in the size of patent applications filed to the European Patent Office (EPO). In this chapter, we propose two measures of patent voluminosity and identify the main patterns in their evolution. Based on a dataset with about 2 million documents filed at the EPO, the results show that the average voluminosity of patent applications – measured in terms of the number of pages and claims contained in each document – has doubled over the past 25 years. Nevertheless, this evolution varies widely across countries, technologies and filing procedures chosen by the applicant. This increasing voluminosity of filings has a strong impact on the workload of the EPO, which justifies the need for regulatory and policy actions.

3. The drivers: The evolution in patent voluminosity observed in chapter 2 calls for a multivariate analysis of its determinants. Chapter 3 therefore proposes and tests 4 different hypotheses that may contribute to explaining the observed inflation in size: the influence of national laws and practices and their diffusion to other countries with the progressive globalization of patenting procedures, the complexification of research activities and inventions, the emergence of new sectors with less established norms and vocabularies, and the construction of patent portfolios. The econometric results first reveal that the four hypotheses are significantly associated with longer documents and are therefore empirically supported. It appears however that the first hypothesis – the diffusion of national drafting practices through international patenting procedures – is the strongest contributor of all, resulting in a progressive harmonization of drafting styles toward American standards, which are longer by nature. The portfolio construction hypothesis seems a less important driver but nevertheless highlights substantial changes in patenting practices. These results raise two questions: Do these evolving patenting practices indicate more valuable patents? Do they induce any embarrassment for the patent system?

4. Measuring patent value: If the former of these two questions is to be addressed, measures are needed to identify higher value patents. Chapter 4 therefore proposes a review of the state of the art on patent value indicators and analyses several issues in their measurement and interpretation. Five classes of indicators proposed in the literature may be obtained directly from patent databases: the number of countries in which each patent is enforced, the number of years during which each patent has been renewed, the grant decision taken, the number of citations received from subsequent patents, and whether it has been opposed by a third party before the EPO. Because the former two measures are closely connected (the geographical scope of protection and length of maintenance can hardly be observed independently), they have been subjected to closer scrutiny in the first section of chapter 4, which shows that these two dimensions have experienced opposite evolutions. A composite measure – the Scope-Year Index – reveals that the overall trend is oriented downwards, which may suggest a substantial decline in the average value of patents. The second section of chapter 4 returns to the five initial classes of measures and underlines their main patterns. It appears that most of them witness the well-known properties of patent value: a severe skewness and large country and technology variations. A closer look at their relationships, however, reveals a high degree of orthogonality between them and opposite trends in their evolution, suggesting that they actually capture different dimensions of a patent’s value and therefore do not always pinpoint the same patents as being the most valuable. This result strongly discourages the reliance on one of the available indicators only and opens some avenue for the creation of one potential composite index of value based upon the five indicators to maximize the chances of capturing all potentially valuable patents in a large database. The proposed index reflects the intensity of the signal provided by all 5 constituting indicators on the potential value of each patent. Its declining trend reflects a rarefaction of this signal on average, leading to different plausible interpretations.

5. The links with patent value: Based upon the six indicators of value proposed in chapter 4 (the five classical ones plus the composite), the question of the association between filing strategies and the value of patents may be analysed. This question is empirically addressed in chapter 5, which focuses on all EPO patents filed between 1990 and 1995. The first section presents a comprehensive review of the existing evidence on the determinants of patent value. The numerous contributions in the field differ widely along three dimensions (the indicator of value chosen as dependent variable, the sampling methodology, and the set of variables tested as determinants), which have translated into many ambiguities across the literature. Section 2 proposes measures to identify different dimensions of filing strategies, which are essentially twofold: they relate to the routes followed by patent filings toward the EPO (PCT, accelerated processing), and to their form (excess claims, share of claims lost in examination), and construction (by assembly or disassembly, divisional). These measures are then included into an econometric model based upon the framework provided by the literature. The proposed model, which integrates the set of filing strategy variables along with some of the classical determinants, is regressed on the six available indicators separately over the full sample. In addition, the sensitivity of the available results to the indicator and the sampling methodology is assessed through 18 geographic and 14 industrial clustered regressions and about 30 regressions over random samples for each indicator. The estimates are then compared across countries, industries and indicators. These results first reveal that filing strategies are indicative of more valuable patents and provide the most stable determinants of all. And third, the results do confirm some classical determinants in their positive association with patent value, but highlight a high degree of sensitivity of most of them to the indicator or the sample chosen for the analysis, requiring much care in generalizing such empirical results.

6. The links with patent length: Chapter 6 focuses on one particular dimension of patent value: the length of patents. To do so, the censored nature of the dependent variable (the time elapsed between the filing of a patent application and its ultimate fall into the public domain) dictates the recourse to a survival time model as proposed by Cox (1972). The analysis is original in three main respects. First of all, despite the fact that renewal data have been exploited for about two decades to obtain estimates of patent value (Pakes and Schankerman, 1984), this chapter provides – to the best of our knowledge – the first comprehensive analysis of the determinants of patent length. Second, whereas most of the empirical literature in the field focuses on granted patents and investigates their maintenance, the analysis reported here includes all patent applications. This comprehensive approach is dictated by the provisional rights provided by pending applications to their holders and by the legal uncertainty these represent for competitors. And third, the model integrates a wide set of explanatory variables, starting with the filing strategy variables proposed in chapter 5. The main results are threefold: first, they clearly show that patent rights have significantly increased in length over the past decades despite a small apparent decline in the average grant rate, but largely due to the expansion of the examination process. Second, they indicate that most filing strategies induce considerable delays in the examination process, possibly to the benefit of the patentee, but most certainly to the expense of legal uncertainty on the markets. And third, they confirm that more valuable patents (more cited or covering a larger geographical scope) take more time to process, and live longer, whereas more complex applications are associated with longer decision lags, but also with lower grant and renewal rates.

7. Conclusions: The potential economic consequences and some policy implications of the findings from the dissertation are discussed in chapter 7. The evolution of patenting practices analysed in these works has some direct consequences for the stakeholders of the patent system. For the EPO, they generate a considerable increase in workload, resulting in growing backlogs and processing lags. For innovative firms, this phenomenon translates into an undesired increase in legal uncertainty, for it complicates the assessment of the limits to each party’s rights and hence of the freedom to operate on a market, which is precisely what the so-called ‘patent trolls’ and ‘submariners’ may be looking for. Although empirical evidence is lacking, some fear that this may result in underinvestment in research, development or commercialization activities (e.g. Hall and Harhoff, 2004). In addition, legal uncertainty is synonymous with an increased risk of litigation, which may hamper the development of SMEs and reduce the level of entrepreneurship. Finally, for society, we are left with a contrasted picture, which is hard to interpret. The European patent system wishes to maintain high quality standards to reduce business uncertainty around granted patents, but it is overloaded with the volume of applications filed, resulting in growing backglogs which translate into legal uncertainty surrounding pending applications. The filing strategies that contribute to this situation might reflect a legitimate need for more time and flexibility in filing more valuable patents, but they could also easily turn into real abuses of the system, allowing some patentees to obtain and artificially maintain provisional rights conferred by pending applications on inventions that might not meet the patentability requirements. Distinguishing between these two cases goes beyond the scope of the present dissertation, but should they be found abusive, they should be fought for they consume resources and generate uncertainty. And if legitimate, then they should be understood and the system adapted accordingly (e.g. by adjusting fees to discourage some strategies, raising the inventive step, fine-tuning the statutory term in certain technologies, providing more legal tools for patent examiners to reject unpatentable applications, etc.) so as to better serve the need of inventors for legal protection in a more efficient way, and to adapt the patent system to the challenges it is or will be facing.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Bronkhorst, N. J. "Developing an integrated marketing communication strategy for the MGK Group". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80495.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Marketing of Agricultural Products Act 47 (No 47 if 1996) led to the dilution of single-channel marketing in the agricultural sector. Hence, marketing boards such as the Maize Board were dismantled. New legislation forced agricultural businesses to adapt to the changing environment and turn co-operatives into companies. The new developments also implied that these companies had to reposition themselves to be more competitive in a deregulated market. MGK Group Operating Company Pty (Ltd) is a prominent role player in the agricultural sector in the North West, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Gauteng provinces in South Africa. Unexpected growth in the company as well as the deregulation of the industry necessitated a bona fide marketing communication department to manage and coordinate all advertising, promotional and communication efforts. After establishing this department all marketing communication efforts were still fragmented. Consequently, the cost-effectiveness of this department was questioned by the company’s board of directors. The MGK Group’s the board of directors received a mandate to follow a holistic approach and formulate a strategy to enhance the impact of its marketing communication efforts while cutting costs. This study sets out to establish whether the implementation of an integrated marketing communication programme can ultimately satisfy the board of directors’ requirements for marketing communication that is more accountable, effective and efficient. This study starts with a literature review of the practices and theories underpinning integrated marketing communication. This is followed by testing the applicability of the various approaches and methodologies in the MGK Group environment. The study is concluded with the formulation of a marketing communication strategy and recommendations based on the needs of the MGK Group.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wet op die Bemarking van Landbouprodukte (Nr 47 van 1996) het eenkanaal-bemarking in die sektor verwater. Dit het daartoe gelei dat bemarkingsrade soos die Mielieraad afgeskaf is. Nuwe wetgewing het landbou-ondernemings genoop om in 'n veranderende sake-omgewing aan te pas en koöperasies in maatskappye te omskep. Die aanpassing het ook beteken dat maatskappye hulself in 'n meer mededingende en gedereguleerde mark moes herposisioneer. Die MGK Groep Bedryfsmaatskappy Edms Bpk is 'n vooraanstaande rolspeler in die landbousektor in die volgende provinsies in Suid-Afrika: Noordwes, Limpopo, Mpumalanga en Gauteng. Onverwagse groei asook die deregulering van die bedryf het meegebring dat dié maatskappy 'n bona fide bemarkingskommunikasie-afdeling nodig gehad het om alle reklame-, promosie- en kommunikasie-aktiwiteite te bestuur en te koördineer. Nadat die afdeling op die been gebring is, het bemarkingskommunikasie-aktiwiteite steeds los van mekaar gestaan. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die kostedoeltreffendheid van die funksie op divisievlak bevraagteken is. Die direksie van die MGK Groep het 'n mandaat gehad om 'n holistiese benadering te volg en 'n strategie te formuleer om die impak sowel as die kostedoeltreffendheid van die maatskappy se bemarkingskommunikasie te verbeter. Hierdie studie poog om vas te stel of die implementering van 'n geïntegreerde bemarkingskommunikasieplan uiteindelik in die direksie van die MGK Groep se behoefte aan verantwoordbare, doeltreffende en doelmatige bemarkingskommunikasie kan voorsien. Die studie begin met 'n literatuuroorsig van die praktyk en teorie van geïntegreerde bemarkingskommunikasie. Daarna word die toepaslikheid van die onderskeie benaderings en metodologieë ten opsigte van die MGK Groep getoets. Die studie word afgesluit met 'n bemarkingskommunikasiestrategie en aanbevelings wat op die behoeftes van die MGK Groep gegrond is.
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Pellegrino, Juan M., i n/a. "Strategy, learning and knowledge in the internationalisation process : a comparative study of NZ incremental and early-internationalising SMEs". University of Otago. Department of Marketing, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090826.101221.

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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which represent around 95% or more of the total number of enterprises in many countries, are often considered critical for a country's economy because of their effects on economic output and their contribution to overall employment. However, as a result of globalisation and the deregulation of the New Zealand economy, SMEs in this country have been faced with the need to internationalise in order to grow because of increased domestic competition. Moreover, when they make their move to offshore markets they also face fierce competition. Hence, it is in this largely integrated and competitive global marketplace that it becomes critical for smaller firms to learn about international business to succeed. Therefore, this thesis aimed to understand and explain how internationalising NZ SMEs learn and develop knowledge throughout their internationalisation process. To frame this problem an extensive review of the literature on internationalisation, organisational knowledge and organisational learning was conducted. This assessment revealed a gap related to the evolution of learning and knowledge in SMEs' internationalisation process. It also identified the incremental and born-global internationalisation types, two more common and distinctive internationalisation paths that SMEs follow. The literature described the several common forms of knowledge that played more or less critical roles in these firms' internationalisation. Furthermore, extant research also stated that experiential learning and other learning processes were important for the internationalisation of these firms but it did not delve into the development of these learning processes over time. Finally, the evaluation of the knowledge and learning literatures identified three most distinctive and important forms of knowledge that organisations develop as a result of several learning processes. Anchored on the research problem and the specific research questions, derived from the literature review, and framed by a post-positivist worldview, this study developed a methodology that combined theory building, process-based research and case studies to address the problem. More specifically, the methodology involved the selection of and collection of historical, or retrospective, data from eight cases, four incremental and four early-internationalising firms. The data collected through interviews and document analysis was examined using different process analysis techniques. This research has found that there were important differences in the incremental and early-internationalising firms' learning and knowledge during their creation. Furthermore, the early-internationalising firms identified and implemented an internationalisation strategy from the beginning. Thus, the knowledge about international markets and products acquired through congenital learning and their initial intention to offer their products offshore allowed the early-internationalising firms to expand internationally from their creation or soon after. In contrast, the incremental firms only decided to internationalise after they learned from their experience in their domestic market that they had a successful product that had international potential. Besides their initial internationalisation strategy, or lack of it, and knowledge, other factors, such as firm resources, product and industry characteristics and previous learning and knowledge, influenced these firms' subsequent internationalisation strategy, learning and knowledge. Publication associated with this thesis: Pellegrino, J. (2005) Organisational Learning Processes in Internationalising Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: a Comparison between Traditional and Born-Global firms. Udevalla Symposium & McGill International Entrepreneurship Conference, Udevalla, Sweden, September 2005.
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Książki na temat "Strategy – Economic aspects"

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1955-, Besanko David, red. Economics of strategy. Wyd. 5. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Besanko, David. The economics of strategy. New York: John Wiley, 1996.

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David, Dranove, i Shanley Mark, red. Economics of strategy. Wyd. 3. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2004.

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Lesser, Ian O. Resources and strategy. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1989.

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1955-, Besanko David, Dranove David i Shanley Mark, red. Economics of strategy. Wyd. 2. New York: J. Wiley, 2000.

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David, Dranove, i Shanley, Mark (Mark T.), red. Economics of strategy. Wyd. 7. Hoboken: Wiley, 2016.

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United Nations. Division for Social Policy and Development., red. Aspects of world employment strategy. New York, N.Y: United Nations, 1997.

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Tallman, Stephen B. Global strategy: Global dimensions of strategy. New York: Wiley, 2009.

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Tallman, Stephen. Global strategy: Global dimensions of strategy. New York: Wiley, 2009.

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Tallman, Stephen. Global strategy: Global dimensions of strategy. New York: Wiley, 2009.

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Części książek na temat "Strategy – Economic aspects"

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Schinasi, Garry J. "Comments on: Structural Adjustment and Privatization of the East German Economy — Guidelines for a Privatization Strategy". W Economic Aspects of German Unification, 316–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79972-3_15.

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Gehmacher, Johanna. "Travel as Political Practice and Economic Strategy". W Translation History, 187–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42763-3_7.

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AbstractThis chapter deals with travel and travel writing and posits that travel was an essential practice for the development of social and political movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Examining Käthe Schirmacher’s travels on her lecture tours and how she organised them, the chapter illustrates the close entanglement of political practice and economic strategy and therefore argues for an analytical perspective that includes both aspects. The chapter also looks at examples of Schirmacher’s travel writing. It analyses how she constructed cultural differences, and thus allows a more nuanced view of her varying uses of the term ‘civilisation’, which also plays an important role in her writing on women’s movements in a global context.
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von Westernhagen, Natalja. "Economic Growth in Selected CIS and More Advanced CEECs: Aspects of Future Growth Strategy". W Contributions to Economics, 35–108. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57483-2_3.

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Skouteri, Asimina, Konstantinos Spanos, Peristera Kourakli i Panagiotis Koulelis. "Forest Ecosystems, Forest Fire Internet of Things (FFIoT), and Socioeconomic Aspects". W Fire Hazards: Socio-economic and Regional Issues, 167–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50446-4_13.

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AbstractForests play a significant role in any circular economy strategy aimed at achieving sustainable development, human well-being, and national welfare. Forest fires are responsible for substantial losses in forest ecosystems and the valuable ecosystem services they provide. The Internet of Things (IoT) constitutes a collaborative ecosystem comprising smart devices, networking infrastructure, and advanced processing technologies that work together to create smart environments for end-users. This revolutionary technology ensures continuous access to information and facilitates the integration of people and data, contributing to a greener future. It offers effective methods and substantial technical support for forest and environmental sciences and sustainable forest planning and management. Despite the transformative impact of technology in various sectors, the forestry industry has been slow to embrace digital technologies. IoT can be effectively designed and implemented across all phases of forest fire management, transitioning it from a manual system to a digital one with widespread remote participation and governance. This transformation results in the development of more resilient forest landscapes in the face of climate change and external disasters. Achieving a consensus on measures, including hardware, software, and skill requirements, is crucial for ensuring effective information provision. Additional research methods and approaches are needed to address emerging economic, environmental, and social challenges, and there must be a general agreement on what aspects to measure and how to measure them.
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Bernays, Sarah, Allen Asiimwe, Edward Tumwesige i Janet Seeley. "The Drive to Take an HIV Test in Rural Uganda: A Risk to Prevention for Young People?" W Social Aspects of HIV, 265–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69819-5_19.

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AbstractA key component of current global HIV prevention efforts is widespread HIV testing. This strategy in part reflects the focus on the broader global targets to eliminate AIDS by achieving high rates of viral suppression. In this chapter we look at young people’s engagement with HIV prevention options in South-West Uganda. Taking a qualitative approach, using repeat in-depth interviews and participatory workshops with 50 young people aged 16–24 years old, we reflect on their accounts of how they navigate risks and opportunities within their daily lives. These risks include HIV-acquisition, but also the harms of economic precarity. Within a context in which using HIV prevention methods, such as condoms or abstinence, were for various reasons severely compromised by their contextual realities, some young people reported relying on irregular HIV testing as their singular method. The young people’s accounts demonstrate that an unintended consequence of the ‘push’ for HIV testing may be the justification of its replacement of other behavioural prevention strategies. This case study illustrates what impact such biomedical interventions may have if implemented as a priority and in isolation from the structural drivers of vulnerability: the social context of young people’s lives.
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Münnich, Marc, Maximilian Stange, Marian Süße i Steffen Ihlenfeldt. "Integration of Digitization and Sustainability Objectives in a Maturity Model-Based Strategy Development Process". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 918–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_102.

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AbstractPolitical, technological and economic changes force manufacturing companies to shift their strategic alignment towards green and digitized technologies. The parallel advances in those technologies raise questions regarding economic, environmental and social sustainability issues that are challenging to integrate into corporate strategy. Recently, sustainable energy supply has gained additional attention as a critical resource for production. Digital transformation is a diverse intracompany process and requires adequate strategies. Maturity models are a well-known and established approach to define strategic improvement measures. Various versions of separate maturity models to either examine the current state of digitization or sustainability have been developed and there are few models to support both dimensions adequately. Therefore, the authors propose a strategy development process, which utilizes a combined maturity model for both domains in one framework. A review on sustainability-related maturity models as well as the connection to digitization aspects is conducted. Based on this, an existing model is extended. The model is tested in a case study to compare the impact of the models’ adaptions.
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Jain, Satish Kumar. "Strategic Aspects". W Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 131–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9661-9_9.

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Gan, Qili, Langhua Li, Qiming Huang i Wanqing Chen. "Urban Development Potential Evaluation of Prefabricated Buildings Based on PCA-TOPSIS Model". W Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building, 126–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_13.

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AbstractIn recent years, with the strong support of the Chinese government, prefabricated buildings have entered a period of rapid development. Prefabricated buildings occupy an important position in the construction industry in China. However, in the process of the implementation of prefabricated buildings, it is found that each region has different economic, technological and social levels, and each city has different development strategic goals and related supporting policies. The development potential of prefabricated buildings is very different, the development process is different, and the potential needs to be tapped. Based on the literature research method, this paper selects 25 evaluation indicators from four aspects of policy, economy, technology and market, adopts the principal component weighted TOPSIS evaluation method to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of the development potential of prefabricated buildings in cities, and makes a comprehensive evaluation of the development potential of prefabricated buildings in cities, so as to help cities understand their own development potential of prefabricated buildings. Develop prefabricated building development strategy to provide reference.
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Grunert, Klaus G. "Psychological Aspects of Strategic Management". W Essays on Economic Psychology, 109–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48621-0_6.

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Lerner, Max. "Aspects of Economic Strategy". W Ideas for the Ice Age, 329–40. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429337710-24.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Strategy – Economic aspects"

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Крохичева, Галина, Galina Krohicheva, Екатерина Сиденко i Ekaterina Sidenko. "STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY". W Modern problems of an economic safety, accounting and the right in the Russian Federation. AUS PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/conferencearticle_5c5060dd15f2f6.41826656.

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The article presents the main strategic aspects of economic security, the Strategy of economic security until 2030. The classification of normative legal acts regulating economic security is carried out. The concept of the term "economic security"is given
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Adamowicz, Mieczyslaw. "Normative aspects of rural development strategy and policy in the European Union normative aspects of rural development strategy and policy in the European Union". W 19th International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2018". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2018.001.

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Radyuk, Alexandra, Maria Banshchikova i Olga Lisyutina. "GOAL SETTING STRATEGY IN ECONOMIC DISCOURSE: PROSODIC PECULIARITIES AND LINGUODIDACTIC ASPECTS". W International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1190.

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Petrò, Stefano, i Giovanni Moroni. "Economic Aspects in the Inspection of Multiple Geometric Tolerances". W ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82314.

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Recent years have seen an increase in the adoption of geometric tolerances. Often it is possible to find several geometric tolerances defined on a single part. However, this poses inspection issues: the values of the geometric errors may be interrelated; therefore, the presence of multiple tolerances should be considered in inspection design. In this work, a methodology is proposed for planning optimal CMM sampling strategies for multiple tolerances based on the minimization of inspection costs. A model for inspection costs is proposed, which takes into account the influence of the inspection strategy on the measurement and inspection errors costs. The inspection strategy minimizing inspection cost can then be defined. The approach can be adopted both to optimize generic, uniform, sampling strategies, and to generate manufacturing specific strategies, which consider the manufacturing signature. A case study which illustrates the methodology is presented.
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Altukhov, P., I. Toma, Y. Predeus i N. Predeus. "Semantic aspects of modelling the strategy of socio-economic system development by artificial intelligence". W INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0167374.

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Ivanyuk, Tatyana, i Vasiliy Aryshev. "Some Analytical Aspects of Business Integration". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00575.

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A success of any business activity is depending on the level of the business competition to a large extent. Not every firm can properly retain its positions in the stiff competitive environment. The changes in the external business environment may induce the reorganization of the business in the form of company integration. There are also integration process in the Kazakh economy. However, despite high activity of integration processes in the business, they are not quite effective. This is primarily associated with the fact that integration processes are characterized by complexity of internal mechanisms, irrespective of the type of business amalgamation. The strategy of business amalgamation must be based on the data of thorough economic analysis. Given a complex nature of transactions in various types of amalgamation as well as a high risk level determined by uncertainty associated with the strategic decision-making, such system of indicators should be built as complex multi-tier structure excluding the possibility for unification. Each individual case of amalgamation is characterized by a unique set of factors influencing the conditions in which the integration process is performed. However, one may outline such indicators that are mandatory but are not always sufficient to substantiate the management decision-making about the appropriateness of the integration process, its feasibility, the degree of risk and the extent to which such amalgamation is efficient. A proper buildup of a complex system of indicators would allow giving a realistic assessment of economic practicability of the integration process and determining the level of its efficiency.
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Lugacheva, Larisa I., Maria M. Musatova i Elena A. Solomennikova. "Financial and Economic Aspects of Diversification Formation Patterns in Strategy Development of Regional Mechanical Engineering". W 2018 XIV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.2018.8545948.

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Mir, M. Amin. "Renewable energy sources, sustainability aspects and climate alteration: A comprehensive review". W Renewable Energy: Generation and Application. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903216-8.

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Abstract. The increasing global demand for energy is transforming our world into a closely connected community, yet the Earth remains unchanged in its capacity. As the world population seeks more energy to fuel social, economic, and developmental needs, along with health and well-being, the call for sustainable solutions intensifies. Unfortunately, escalating energy consumption contributes to rising greenhouse gas emissions and environmental harm. Embracing renewable energies becomes crucial for combating climate change, but such a shift must be sustainable to fulfill the energy requirements of future generations. A comprehensive strategy combining energy management and renewable sources is required to address these issues. An overview of current energy consumption trends, energy management techniques, and renewable energy sources is provided in this article. The results show that an integrated strategy that includes renewable energy sources and energy management techniques can dramatically reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions while also providing economic benefits. The article's conclusion highlights how important it is to implement an integrated strategy for energy management and renewable energy sources in order to achieve efficient and sustainable energy use.
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Дзыгман, Александр Сергеевич, Евгений Валентинович Малыхин i Людмила Ивановна Кругляк. "MODERN ASPECTS OF ANTI-CRISIS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE". W Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp329.2022.87.63.018.

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В статье систематизированы основные финансовые показатели, позволяющие прогнозировать вероятность банкротства (финансово-экономической несостоятельности) предприятий и разрабатывать антикризисную стратегию их развития. The article systematizes the main financial indicators that allow predicting the probability of bankruptcy (financial and economic insolvency) of enterprises and developing an anti-crisis strategy for their development.
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Zimmermannova, Jarmila, Richard Smilnak, Omar Ameir i Michaela Perunova. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF BIOFUELS CONSUMPTION BY HOUSEHOLDS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.75.

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Decarbonising the EU-s energy system is crucial to reach the 2030 climate objectives and the EU-s long-term strategy of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Based on these Green Deal goals and the current energy situation in Europe, it is highly important to focus on biofuel energy sources. Our research deals with the behaviour of households in the Czech Republic and changes in their consumption habits in the last decades. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the development of the consumption of biofuels by households for heating purposes, in comparison with the consumption of fossil solid fuels (coal and coke) in the Czech Republic in the period 2010 - 2020. The second goal is to evaluate the influence of selected socioeconomic aspects/variables on the consumption of biofuels. Regarding biofuels, the analysis will focus on biomass for heating purposes, such as firewood, wood waste, pellets, and briquettes. Concerning socio-economic indicators, the analysis will be based on various data, such as GDP per capita, average wage, environmental taxation, environmental subsidies, etc. The authors will work with data published by the Czech Statistical Office, ministries, and other national authorities, as well as data from Eurostat. As a methodology, correlation and regression analysis will be used. The results will show the possible influence of selected socio-economic variables on the development of biofuel consumption by households. The recommendations will be formulated based on the obtained results.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Strategy – Economic aspects"

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Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio. Trade Costs and the Economic Fundamentals of the Initiative for Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA). Inter-American Development Bank, maj 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011053.

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In October 2000, the twelve countries of South America launched, a multinational, multisectoral and multidisciplinary initiative, whose main objective is to develop the region's infrastructure within a context of environmental sustainability. Supported by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Andean Development Corporation, and the Financial Fund for the Development of the River Plate Basin, the Initiative is based on a hub strategy and its action plan calls for (1) strengthening national investment planning and coordination among countries, (2) standardizing and harmonizing regulatory and institutional aspects and (3) developing a portfolio of projects that encourage private sector participation and innovative financing schemes. This paper revisits IIRSA's economic fundamentals, looking at: the motivation behind regional integration; the importance of transport versus policy related trade costs; and the likely impact of the initiative on regional disparities and growth.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands i Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Nallar, Melisa, Shelia Barnett, Edith Martinez-Guerra, Jamie Potter i Christina Rinaudo. Investigation of steam adsorption chillers to modernize existing central steam plant systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47914.

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This report investigates the integration of steam adsorption chillers as a modernization strategy for conventional central steam plant systems. Our objective is to assess the feasibility, advantages, and challenges of incorporating steam adsorption chillers into existing steam plant setups to enhance energy efficiency and cooling capabilities. Central steam plant systems have historically been used for steam-based heating but often lack cooling capabilities, necessitating additional cooling infrastructure. Steam adsorption chillers offer a potential solution by using waste steam for cooling, optimizing energy utilization and reducing reliance on traditional cooling methods. Through a comprehensive analysis, this report evaluates the technical compatibility and potential cost implications of implementing steam adsorption chillers. It explores factors such as system integration, operational dynamics, and maintenance requirements to provide a holistic view of the feasibility and benefits of this modernization approach. The findings aim to offer valuable insights to decision-makers and Army facility managers seeking innovative ways to upgrade central steam plant systems. By considering the technical and economic aspects of adopting steam adsorption chillers, this report contributes to the knowledge base for sustainable and efficient energy utilization in central plant operations.
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Navajas, Fernando. Long Term Strategic Policies for Global Competition: Comments. Inter-American Development Bank, listopad 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006861.

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This presentation comments on Charles Sabel's "Long Term Strategic Policies for Global Competition." The document points out a series of insights, methodologies, and suggestions on three aspects: new stylized facts of economic development, developing economies as Toyoda systems, and clues to guide a search for suitable development policy. Then, the author expands and comments using Argentina as a case. This presentation was presented at the LAEBA Second Annual Conference, held on November, 2005 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sáenz-Arce, Pedro. Knowledge Enhancement in the Small Economies of Central America: Reflections on Building a Strategic Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008628.

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This document advocates better mechanisms for ongoing learning and better access to knowledge in small economies. Its objective is to raise awareness about two issues related to science and technology projects that are relevant for the small economies of Central America, namely that: (1) there are insufficient knowledge-based innovations to support rapid economic growth; and (2) the size of the investments in technologies appropriate for the poor are too meager to be effective in enhancing the opportunities and capabilities available to disadvantaged groups. The paper takes the position that understanding these issues will allow greater emphases in certain aspects of science and technology project design. Moreover, greater attention to these issues contribute to the institutional objectives of the Bank such as competitiveness and poverty reduction.
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Zholdayakova, Saule, Yerdaulet Abuov, Daulet Zhakupov, Botakoz Suleimenova i Alisa Kim. Toward a Hydrogen Economy in Kazakhstan. Asian Development Bank Institute, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/iwlu3832.

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The energy transition is driving governments and industries to adopt various measures to reduce their climate impacts while maintaining the stability of their economy. Hydrogen technologies are one of the central topics in the energy transition. Different nations have different stances on it. Some governments see hydrogen as a decarbonization tool or part of their energy security strategy, while some others see it as a potential export commodity. While identifying priorities for the future, Kazakhstan should clearly define the role of hydrogen in the country’s long-term energy and decarbonization strategy. This work presents the first country-scale assessment of hydrogen technologies in Kazakhstan by focusing on policy, technology and economy aspects. A preliminary analysis has shown that Kazakhstan should approach hydrogen mainly as a part of its long-term decarbonization strategy. While coping with the financial risks of launching a hydrogen economy, the country can benefit from the export potential of low-carbon hydrogen in the near term. The export potential of low-carbon hydrogen in Kazakhstan is justified by its proximity to the largest hydrogen markets, huge resource base, and potentially low cost of production (in the case of blue hydrogen). Technology options for hydrogen transportation and storage for Kazakhstan are discussed in our work. The paper also identifies target hydrogen utilization areas in emission sectors regulated by Kazakhstan’s Emissions Trading System.
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Hwang, Tim, i Emily Weinstein. Decoupling in Strategic Technologies: From Satellites to Artificial Intelligence. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200085.

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Geopolitical tensions between the United States and China have sparked an ongoing dialogue in Washington about the phenomenon of “decoupling”—the use of public policy tools to separate the multifaceted economic ties that connect the two powers. This issue brief provides a historical lens on the efficacy of one specific aspect of this broader decoupling phenomenon: using export controls and related trade policies to prevent a rival from acquiring the equipment and know-how to catch up to the United States in cutting-edge, strategically important technologies.
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De Paiva Abreu, Marcelo. Trade Liberalization and the Political Economy of Protection in Brazil since 1987. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011100.

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The paper analyses aspects of trade liberalization and the political economy of protection in Brazil since 1987. Section I considers the internal and external constraints to the continued adoption of a strategy based on import substitution industrialization. In section II trade liberalization up to 1994 is described including its adjustments related to the creation of Mercosur. It also places trade liberalization in the context of the wider reforms implemented in Brazil in the 1990s. The impacts of trade liberalization on import penetration, productivity and the cost of investment as well as its distributive effects are examined in section III. The relative importance of trade liberalization and inflation acceleration on the cost of investment is also discussed. Section IV deals with the political economy of trade liberalization and the protectionist backlash in the mid-1990s. An analysis is made of long-term factor mobility and the Brazilian case is compared with findings on other economies about the transition from a political economy of protection centered on the clash of "class interests" to one concerned with "special interests".
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Dudoit, Alain, Molivann Panot i Thierry Warin. Towards a multi-stakeholder Intermodal Trade-Transportation Data-Sharing and Knowledge Exchange Network. CIRANO, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mvne7282.

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The performance of supply chains used to be mainly the concern of academics and professionals who studied the potential efficiencies and risks associated with this aspect of globalisation. In 2021, major disruptions in this critical sector of our economies are making headlines and attracting the attention of policy makers around the world. Supply chain bottlenecks create shortages, fuel inflation, and undermine economic recovery. This report provides a transversal and multidisciplinary analysis of the challenges and opportunities regarding data interoperability and data sharing as they relate to the ‘Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Trade Corridor’ (GLSLTC)’s intermodal transportation and trade data strategy. The size and scope of this trade corridor are only matched by the complexity of its multimodal freight transportation systems and growing urbanization on both sides of the Canada-US border. This complexity is exacerbated by the lack of data interoperability and effective collaborations between the different stakeholders within the various jurisdictions and amongst them. Our analytical work relies on : 1) A review of the relevant documentation on the latest challenges to supply chains (SC), intermodal freight transport and international trade, identifying any databases that are to be used.; 2) A comparative review of selected relevant initiatives to give insights into the best practices in digital supply chains implemented in Canada, the United States, and the European Union.; 3) Interviews and discussions with experts from Transport Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Centre on Transportation Data (CCTD) and Global Affairs Canada, as well as with CIRANO’s research community and four partner institutions to identify databases and data that they use in their research related to transportation and trade relevant data availabilities and methodologies as well as joint research opportunities. Its main findings can be summarized as follow: GLSLTC is characterized by its critical scale, complexity, and strategic impact as North America’s most vital trade corridor in the foreseeable further intensification of continental trade. 4% of Canadian GDP is attributed to the Transportation and Logistics sector (2018): $1 trillion of goods moved every year: Goods and services imports are equivalent to 33% of Canada’s GDP and goods and services exports equivalent to 32%. The transportation sector is a key contributor to the achievement of net-zero emissions commitment by 2050. All sectors of the Canadian economy are affected by global supply chain disruptions. Uncertainty and threats extend well beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. “De-globalization” and increasing supply chains regionalization pressures are mounting. Innovation and thus economic performance—increasingly hinges on the quantity and quality of data. Data is transforming Canada’s economy/society and is now at the center of global trade “Transport data is becoming less available: Canada needs to make data a priority for a national transportation strategy.” * “How the Government of Canada collects, manages, and governs data—and how it accesses and shares data with other governments, sectors, and Canadians—must change.”
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens i Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.

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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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