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Gunning, William T., Meera Raghavan, Edward P. Calomeni, James N. Turner, Bodri Roysam, Shantala Roysam, Mary R. Smith, Peter A. Kouides i Neil A. Lachant. "A Morphometric Analysis of Platelet Dense Granules of Patients with Unexplained Bleeding: A New Entity of Delta-Microgranular Storage Pool Deficiency". Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, nr 6 (4.06.2020): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061734.
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One thousand and eighty patients, having prolonged bleeding times, frequent epistaxis, menorrhagia or easy bruising or other bleeding manifestations, and excluding those with von Willebrand’s disease, were evaluated for platelet dense granule deficiency. The mean diameter of platelet dense granules was determined for all patients using image analysis. Four hundred and ninety-nine had “classic” dense (delta) granule storage pool deficiency (δ-SPD). Five hundred and eighty-one individuals (53.8%) were found to have a normal mean number of dense granules, but for some of these patients, the dense granules were smaller than for the controls. Of the patients having a normal number of dense granules, 165 (28.4%) were found to have significantly smaller granules than the platelets obtained from the control subjects. Their average granule diameter was 123.35 ± 0.86 nm, that is more than three standard deviations below the mean of the control data. Total δ-granule storage pool volumes (TDGV)/platelet were calculated using these measurements. Individuals with δ-SPD had half the number of granules (2.25 ± 0.04 DG/PL) and storage pool volume (3.88 ± 1.06 × 106 nm3) when compared to our control data (4.64 ± 0.11 DG/PL; 10.79 × 106 nm3 ± 0.42). Individuals having a bleeding history but a normal average of small dense granules had a calculated storage pool volume statistically different than controls and essentially the same storage pool volume as patients with δ-SPD. We have identified a sub-classification of δ-SPD that we have defined as micro-granular storage pool deficiency (δ-MGSPD).
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Wei, Zhongqing, Haidong Shangguan, Jiajun Zhan, Ruisheng Lin, Xiangfeng Huang, Lijun Lu, Huifeng Li, Banghao Du i Gongduan Fan. "Water Quality-Based Double-Gates Control Strategy for Combined Sewer Overflows Pollution Control". Water 13, nr 4 (18.02.2021): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040529.
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The combined sewer overflows (CSO) pollution has caused many serious environmental problems, which has aroused a worldwide concern. Traditional interception-storage measures, which exhibit the disadvantages of the larger storage tank volume and the low concentration, cannot efficiently control the CSO pollution. To solve this problem, a water quality-based double-gate control strategy based on the pollution based real-time control (PBRTC) rule was proposed, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was taken as the control index. A case study was carried out in Fuzhou, China as an example, in which the hydraulic and water quality model were constructed to evaluate two schemes. According to the results, compared to the traditional scheme, the double-gate scheme can not only reduce the storage tank volume by 1515 m3, but also increase the average COD interception rate by 1.84 times, thus ensuring the effective and stable operation of the facility. Furthermore, the traditional scheme and the double-gate scheme were evaluated under design rainfall beyond the design return period, which confirmed the high performance of the double-gate scheme in controlling CSO pollution.
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Beutler, E., i W. Kuhl. "Volume control of erythrocytes during storage. The role of mannitol". Transfusion 28, nr 4 (lipiec 1988): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265266.x.
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Wuestling, M. D., S. A. Klein i J. A. Duffie. "Promising Control Alternatives for Solar Water Heating Systems". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, nr 3 (1.08.1985): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267681.
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Although the performance of solar domestic hot water (SDHW) systems has been well studied, there are several promising control alternatives that have not been thoroughly investigated. Reduced constant collector fluid flow rates, variable collector flow rates, and variable volume storage are several alternative strategies. This paper presents the results of an analytical study using the TRNSYS simulation program in which the thermal performance of SDHW systems utilizing alternative control strategies are compared while operating under realistic conditions in several different climates of the United States. The effects on system performance of time of year, collector area and quality, preheat storage tank volume and energy losses, occurrence of mixing the preheat storage tank, controller temperature deadbands, auxiliary set temperature, total daily usage, and load distribution are investigated.
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Liao, Wenjun, Guanghua Guan i Xin Tian. "Exploring Explicit Delay Time for Volume Compensation in Feedforward Control of Canal Systems". Water 11, nr 5 (23.05.2019): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051080.
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In the open channel control algorithm, good feed-forward controllers will reduce the transition time of the canal and improve performance. Feedforward control algorithms based on active storage compensation are greatly affected by delay time. However, there is no literature comparing the three most commonly used algorithms, namely volume step compensation, dynamic wave principle and water balance models, under the operation mode of constant water level downstream. In order to compare the existing three algorithms, and to avoid storage calculation by calculating the constant non-uniform water surface line or identification of relevant parameters, combined with the open channel constant gradient flow theory with the storage compensation algorithm, a delay time explicit algorithm is proposed in this study. Tested on the first canal pool of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Test Canal 2, the performance of the delay time explicit algorithm is assessed and compared to that of the three conventional algorithms. In the current water intake plan, i.e., in the second hour, the intake begins to take 1.2 m3/s, and the upstream flow of the canal pool changes from 6 m3/s to 7.2 m3/s, among the three existing algorithms, the volume step compensation algorithm has better performance in terms of time to achieve stability, i.e., 1.25 h. The actual adjusted storage accounts for 99.6% of the target adjusted storage, which can basically meet the requirement of compensated storage of the canal pool. The delay time explicit algorithm only needs 1.47 h to stabilize the regulation system. The fluctuation of water level and discharge in the regulation process is small. The actual adjusted storage accounts for 99.6% of the target adjusted storage, which can basically meet the requirement of compensated storage for the canal pool. The delay time calculated by explicit algorithm can provide references for the determination of delay time in feedforward control.
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Broks, K., A. Geenen, F. Nelen i P. Jacobsen. "The Potential of Real Time Control to reduce Combined Sewer Overflow". Hydrology Research 26, nr 3 (1.06.1995): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1995.0013.
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The potential of Real Time Control (RTC) to reduce the overflow volume from a combined sewer system has been investigated for a catchment in Copenhagen, named Strandvaenget. The results have been compared with the alternative of increasing the storage volume of the system. The RTC strategy has been derived using a mathematical optimization and a rule based method. As the only objective is to reduce the Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO), the developed rule based control algorithm can achieve almost the same results as the optimization method. From the results of time series calculations, it can be concluded that the introduction of RTC appears very promising when the mean yearly CSO volume has to be reduced. In this research, the potential of RTC is investigated for an increasing amount of storage volume and for an increasing demand for reduction of CSO volume.
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Huber, W. C., W. J. Wells, I. K. Besaw i M. A. Leisenring. "Hydrologic regionalisation impacts on wet-weather control selection". Water Science and Technology 54, nr 6-7 (1.09.2006): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.604.
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Continuous simulation is performed using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate regional differences around the United States in hydrologic and water quality performance of wet-weather controls. Controls are characterised as being limited by peak inflow rate (i.e. any device with little or no storage, such as screens, filters and some proprietary devices) or by storage capacity (e.g. ponds, tanks). For flow-limited devices, results are presented in the form of percentage of annual runoff volume captured (passing through the device) for a given inflow capacity. For storage-limited devices, results are presented in two forms: percentage of annual runoff volume captured as a function of unit basin size and drawdown (drain) time, and as a percentage of total suspended solids captured, for the same two variables. Regional differences are apparent, driven mainly by variations in rainfall patterns around the country.
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Lund, P. D. "Performance Comparison of Storage Control Strategies in CSHPSS Systems". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, nr 3 (1.08.1987): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268204.
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Comprehensive numerical computer simulations have been performed to investigate the effects of various storage control strategies on the thermal performance of a non-heat pump Central Solar Heating Plant with Seasonal Storage (CSHPSS) employing a constructed water volume. Different distribution temperatures, load, collector, and storage sizes were also considered in the analyses. The study indicates that the difference in the yearly solar fraction between a system with a simplified storage control strategy and an optimal, but technically more sophisticated one, would be of the order of 0.05–0.15 units (solar fraction, or, equivalently nonauxiliary fraction units). The worst control showed a performance reduction of 0.1–0.35 units compared to the optimal case, the lower value representing system configurations with adequate storage capacity.
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Oberascher, Martin, Wolfgang Rauch i Robert Sitzenfrei. "Efficient integration of IoT-based micro storages to improve urban drainage performance through advanced control strategies". Water Science and Technology 83, nr 11 (26.04.2021): 2678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.159.
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Abstract The smart rain barrel (SRB) consists of a conventional RB with storage volumes between 200 and 500 L, which is extended by a remotely (and centrally) controllable discharge valve. The SRB is capable of releasing stormwater prior to precipitation events by using high-resolution weather forecasts to increase detention capacity. However, as shown in a previous work, a large-scale implementation combined with a simultaneous opening of discharge valves clearly reduced the effectiveness. The aim of this work was to systematically investigate different control strategies for wet weather by evaluating their impact on sewer performance. For the case study, an alpine municipality was hypothetically retrofitted with SRBs (total additional storage volume of 181 m3). The results showed that combined sewer overflow (CSO) volume and subsequently pollution mass can be reduced by between 7 and 67% depending on rain characteristics (e.g., rain pattern, amount of precipitation) and an applied control strategy. Effectiveness of the SRBs increases with lower CSO volume, whereas more advanced control strategies based on sewer conditions can clearly improve the system's performance compared to simpler control strategies. For higher CSO volume, the SRBs can postpone the start of an CSO event, which is important for a first-flush phenomenon.
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Escandón-Panchana, Paulo, Fernando Morante-Carballo, Gricelda Herrera-Franco, Héctor Rodríguez i Fausto Carvajal. "Fluid Level Measurement System in Oil Storage. Python, Lab-Based Scale". Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, nr 3 (30.06.2022): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090327.
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Refineries, fuel depots, airports and storage terminals commonly use fluid level measurement in storage tanks. Different fluid level measurement techniques and devices differ in the inaccuracy of measurement results, costs, and company needs. In addition, these measurements seek reliability of measurement data, immediate response times, control in operations, oil movement, custody transfer and inventory control. The objective is to develop a computer system for measuring fluid levels in oil storage tanks, using ultrasonic and temperature sensors, creating a web application for an automated measurement system (SAM) for managing volumes of Petroleum. The study methodology is i) Analysis of measurement reports. ii) Selection of physical components of the computer system. iii) SAM algorithm design and web application, and iv) Validate the system. The SAM application developed in open source proposes functional modules for administration, control, security, management and monitoring of storage tanks, the status of physical components and generation of dynamic reports in real-time. The results show the control characteristics of storage tanks such as maximum and minimum volume, temperature, time, precise data records in less time than certain current computer structures.
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Marchi, M. N. A., P. E. Luz, R. R. Martins, S. M. Simonelli, U. P. Pereira i P. M. Pereira. "Quality control in the different stages of producing red blood cell concentrate from dogs". Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, nr 1 (luty 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10142.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to perform a quality control assessment of red blood cells after standardization of the blood production stages. For this purpose, separation of the blood components to obtain red blood cells, the storage of the blood packets and an evaluation of blood quality were performed. The mean (± SD) volume, globular volume, hemoglobin and hemolysis percentage of the red blood cell concentrate were 299.77±30.08mL, 60.87±2.60%, 20.57±0.93g/DL and 0.09±0.07%, respectively. The means (± SD) of the volume, globular volume, total hemoglobin percentage of hemolysis and hemoglobin per unit of packed red blood cells after the storage period (8.83±6.73 days) were 57.55±3.01%, 20.30±0.89 0, 20±0.12%, and 60.90±7.65. The red blood cell packets were within the parameters of quality control established by Health Ministry legislation in humans and allow us to conclude that the standardization of blood production stages involves the selection of donors until the end of storage and is necessary to produce quality red blood cells. Quality control aims to find possible flaws in the procedures to be repaired, increasing transfusion safety.
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Budea, Sanda, i Viorel Badescu. "Fluid Flow Control in Domestic Hot Water Systems During Days with Different Radiative Stability Levels". Annals of West University of Timisoara - Physics 60, nr 1 (1.08.2018): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/awutp-2018-0009.
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AbstractThis paper presents models/strategies for optimum performance of solar collector in closed loop systems. These models aim to maximize the obtained energy by thermal conversion of solar energy. The mass flow rate of the fluid from the primary circuit of the system is the control parameter. The semi empirical models and optimal control methods are in brief presented. The volume of the storage tank is important and the ratio Vs/Ac between this volume and area of the collectors is a key factor in appropriate sizing of the DHW system. Therefore, the paper establishes a relationship between this ratio and the mass flow rate of the fluid in the collector This paper also analyses the variation of the energetic performance (useful heat flux transferred to the storage tank, heat flux transferred to the water, water temperature in the storage tank) with the volume of the storage tank. Analysis was performed on an extensive set of meteorological data from Timisoara, Romania, with instantaneous data (measured at 15 seconds) for summer days, from July 2009, with different relative sunshine values, σ. Important differences have been observed between days with different stability levels - days more or less stable.
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Arnalis Renjani, Rengga, Hermantoro, Prima Okta Adi Nugraha, Kartika Purwandari, Teddy Suparyanto i Bens Pardamean. "Smart IoT CPO Storage Tank". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 998, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/998/1/012045.
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Abstract Indonesia’s crude palm oil (CPO) production from year to year continues to increase, at the end of 2020 it reached 17.35 million tons, up 3.6% from the previous year. Increasing production will result in more CPO stock and require good storage. The storage process that occurs is to maintain the temperature of the CPO so that the quality is not damaged. This temperature regulation is still done manually and raises the risk of work accidents. The purpose of this research is to create a temperature control system and automatic volume measurement that can be monitored from a smartphone. The manufacture of a control system used ESP8266 NodeMCu microcontroller, temperature sensor, proximity sensor, and 1000-Watt heater. Programming used the Arduino IDE and C++. The result of this study was an IoT CPO Storage Tank design equipped with sensors and microcontrollers. The temperature was measured with the DS18B20 sensor had a data accuracy of 99.19% while the volume measured with the HC-SR04 sensor had an accuracy of 99.78%. Data obtained from the sensor could be seen through the Thingspeak application from a computer or smartphone.
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Lysetskyi, Yu M., i S. V. Kozachenko. "Software-defined data storage systems". Mathematical machines and systems 1 (2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34121/1028-9763-2021-1-17-23.
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Every year the amount of generated data grows exponentially which entails an increase in both the number and capacity of data storage systems. The highest capacity is required for data storage systems that are used to store backups and archives, file storages with shared access, testing and development environments, virtual machine storages, corporate or public web services. To solve such tasks, nowadays manufacturers offer three types of storage systems: block and file storages which have already become a standard used for implementing IT infrastructures, and software-defined storage systems. They allow to create data storages on non-specialized equipment, such as a group of x86-64 server nodes managed by general-purpose operating systems. The main feature of software-defined data storages is the transfer of storage functions from the hardware level to the software level where these storage functions are defined not by physical features of the hardware but by the software selected for specific tasks solving. Today there are three main singled out technologies characterized by scalable architecture that allow to in-crease efficiency and storage volume through adding new nodes to a single pool: Ceph, DELL EMC VxFlex OS, HP StoreVirtual VSA. Software-defined data storages have the following advantages: fault tolerance, efficiency, flexibility and economy. Utilization of software-defined storages allows to increase efficiency of IT infrastructure and reduce its maintenance costs; to build a hybrid infrastructure that would allow to use internal and external cloud resources; to increase efficiency of both services and us-ers by providing reliable connection by using the most convenient devices; to build a portal as a single point of services and resources control.
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Pramudiya, Asrul, Suri pin i Robert J. Kodoatie. "Water Storage for Controlling Surface Runoff in Upstream Watershed". Webology 19, nr 1 (28.01.2022): 5674–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19384.
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Flood disasters in Indonesia have shown an increase, both in magnitude and frequency. In fact, the area, depth, and duration of inundation tend to increase. Current flood control focuses on increasing river capacity: widening and/or deepening the cross-section of the river and controlling surface runoff by building storage upstream of the watershed. The storage requirement depends on the surface runoff rate in the upstream watershed. This study aimed to find the formulation of the most optimal watershed storage volume requirement through the correlation of flood discharge and surface runoff in the upstream watershed area. The results of the study found the optimum watershed storage volume capacity and produced 2 (two) representative equations to calculate the upstream watershed storage volume (WSVO) based on 2 (two) river slopes (slope 0.1, slope 0.01). WSVO is intended to facilitate the determination of the storage volume capacity in the upstream area if complete data, both primary and secondary data are not available.
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Kovalchuk, P. I., V. V. Stetsenko, Н. A. Balykhina, V. P. Kovalchuk i O. S. Demchuk. "Balance method of integrated control of mine water removal by the volumes and mineralization rate within the Ingulets river basin". Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", nr 1 (7.05.2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202101-274.
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The balance method of determining the share of Kryvyi Rig Basin enterprises by the accumulated volume of mine water in the storage pond was considered. The balance method of participation of mining enterprises by the shares of mineral substances was formalized. An integrated approach of the control of water removal into the storage pond when using linear convolution of two balance equations by both the share of water volumes and the mineralization rate in the water discharges of enterprises was developed. It takes into account the choice of equity participation in mine water removal by economic and environmental criteria.
The algorithm of equity participation of mining enterprises of Kryvyi Rih Basin on the principles of equality of two criteria was substantiated. The calculations of the share of discharge water accumulation in the storage pond of the Svistunov gully were carried out. The estimated price for water removal of one cubic meter of water into the storage pond by two criteria was considered. The estimation criteria are the volumes of pumped water and mineralization rate. Graphical dependences of the estimated price on the ratio of discharges concentration of different enterprises to the mixture concentration were built. Different estimation coefficients were used: paid water removal by water volumes; assessment of water removal only by mineralization rate; equal approach by the volumes (50%) and mineralization rate (50%). The calculations showed the efficiency of the algorithm, the applicability of its use by enterprises for integrated control of mine water removal by the criteria of volume and mineralization rate.
The proposed balance method can be easily generalized when using other indicators of water quality (chlorides, sulfates, etc.), which are considered to be the most relevant for determining the equity participation of enterprises. In the future it is necessary to develop a theory of paid water use and water removal in conditions of unsatisfactory water quality, taking into account the integrated approach by different indicators that means multi-criteria assessment of water removal and accumulation of mine water.
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Sacharczuk, Jacek, i Dawid Taler. "Theoretical modeling and experimental study of auxiliary concrete accumulator for solar heating systems". MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824002009.
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This article presents the issue of the use of the control-volume finite-elements method (CVFEM) to solve transient heat conduction problem in the ceramic or concrete structure of heat storage system. The system can be used as auxiliary storage in solar based domestic hot water (DHW) and heating installations. The storage system consists of modular symmetric components forming parallel air channels. The modular design and symmetry of cross section enables to build a simple numerical model using a coarse mesh of finite volumes. It allows solving the problem using the simple algorithm. Analyzed method of modeling provides a short computation time while maintaining high calculation accuracy.
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Anderson, Andrew R., Thomas G. Franti i David P. Shelton. "Hydrologic Evaluation of Residential Rain Gardens Using a Stormwater Runoff Simulator". Transactions of the ASABE 61, nr 2 (2018): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12213.
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Abstract. Engineered bioretention cells with underdrains have shown water quality and hydrologic benefits for abating urban stormwater problems. Less is known about the hydrologic performance of residential rain gardens that rely on soil infiltration as the primary mechanism of volume control. Eleven residential rain gardens in Lincoln, Nebraska, were evaluated using a variable-rate stormwater runoff simulator. A volume-based water quality volume (WQV) design storm of 3.0 cm was applied to each rain garden as an SCS Type II runoff hydrograph until the system began overflowing to test the rain gardens for surface and subsurface storage capacity, drawdown rate, ponding depth, and overflow characteristics. Every rain garden tested drained in 30 h or less, with six gardens draining in less than 1 h. Rain garden surface storage capacity was poor, retaining on average only 16% of the WQV. On average, the rain gardens studied could store and infiltrate only 40% of the WQV, with only two gardens able to store and infiltrate greater than 90% of the WQV. On average, 59% of the runoff was captured as subsurface storage. Results of this study indicate that these 2- to 4-year-old rain gardens are limited not by drain times and rates, which often met or exceeded common design recommendations, but rather by inadequate surface storage characteristics. Extrapolating measured surface storage volumes to hypothetical systems with evenly graded depths of 15.2 cm, a minimum local depth recommendation, resulted in only one garden with enough storage to contain the WQV. On average, the extrapolated storage held only 65% of the WQV. It was shown that subsurface storage can make up for a lack of surface storage; the systems studied herein had an average of 2.7 times more subsurface storage than surface storage as a percentage of inflow volume before overflow began. Keywords: Best management practice, Low-impact development, Rain garden, Runoff simulator, Stormwater.
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Bbosa, Denis, Thomas J. Brumm, Carl J. Bern, Kurt A. Rosentrater i D. Raj Raman. "Effect of Blending Amaranth Grain with Maize Kernels on Maize Weevil Control during Storage". Transactions of the ASABE 63, nr 2 (2020): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13614.
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HighlightsMixing amaranth grain and maize is a promising pesticide-free method for controlling maize weevils in stored maize.A 1:1 mixture by volume of maize and amaranth reduced the number of live weevils by 66% after 160 d of storage as compared to maize stored without amaranth.A further reduction in live weevils could be achieved by completely covering all maize kernels with a layer of amaranth.Insect-infested maize-amaranth mixtures had reduced spoilage due to mold during storage as compared to insect-infested maize stored without amaranth.Abstract. Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is used as a vegetable, food, forage, and sometimes an ornamental. Amaranth grain has higher protein content than other cereals, making it a good choice for human consumption. Maize is among the three most widely grown grains in the world, but it can experience large postharvest losses during storage due to infestation by the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). Due to the small size of amaranth seeds, this study postulated that amaranth grain can be blended with maize during storage to fill the intergranular spaces between maize kernels, reducing the overall void volume to minimize maize weevil movements to access the kernels, and thereby controlling the maize weevil population. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on maize weevil control of blending maize with amaranth grain during storage versus storing maize alone. Three 208 L (55 gal) steel barrels were loaded with 160 kg (353 lb) of maize, and three were loaded with a maize-amaranth mixture (1:1 by volume), all with initial weevil populations of 25 live weevils per kg of maize. Blending maize with amaranth for storage reduced the number of live weevils after 160 days by 66% compared to storing maize alone. Additional reduction of live weevils could be accomplished if the maize were completely covered by amaranth grain, further restricting maize weevil access to the maize kernels. Keywords: Broken corn and foreign material, Insects, Insect infestation, Mechanical damage, Moisture content, Postharvest losses, Relative humidity, Temperature, Test weight.
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Kim, Youngjin, i Mooyoung Han. "Rainwater storage tank as a remedy for a local urban flood control". Water Supply 8, nr 1 (1.04.2008): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.029.
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Surcharge runoff over the capacity of drainage pipes is one of main flood breaking factors in urban area. Change into larger pipes is costly and time consuming solution. Rainwater tanks can be a sustainable solution for the control of heavy runoff. The Rainfall-Storage-Drain(RSD) model is developed for the design of rainwater tanks of flood control. Design rainfall of Huff's distribution and runoff analysis on building rooftop makes inflow curves into the tanks. Through a water balance equation, tank volume versus peak flow curves can determine the minimum tank volume needed for controlled peak flow value of a design period. The case study in Seoul City shows a tank of 29 L/m2 can control the runoff of 30-years with the drainage pipes of 10-years design period. The RSD model can give simple and easy curves to understand for tank capacity determination in a local flood condition.
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Anne, Kimani, Tadele Tefera, Olubayo Florence i Kilalo Dora. "Effect of Sealing Method and Lighting Candle in Metal Silos on Survival of the Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus Truncatus, in Stored Maize". Journal of Agricultural Science 10, nr 8 (10.07.2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n8p90.
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sealing methods, grain volume and lighting candle in metal silo for the control of Prostephanus truncatus in stored maize. Metal silos with 100 kilograms holding capacity were loaded with 90 kilograms of grain, in-let and out-let were covered with lids and sealed either with rubber band, grease, rubber band combined with grease and lid without sealing (control). The control suffered highest grain damage of 6.6% and weight loss of 1.9% compared to metal silo sealed using rubber band combined with grease which had grain damage 4.5% and weight loss 0.6%, thirty-five days after storage. Metal silo sealed with rubber band combined with grease had significantly higher CO2 level of 2.1% v/v than the control 0.5% v/v. In a separate experiment, metal silos with: 90 kilograms of grain, with and without lighted candle; 45 kilograms of grain, with and without lighted candle and a polypropylene bag with 90 kilograms of grain were compared. Ninety days after storage, grain stored in all metal silos regardless of grain volume and candle lighting suffered the least weight loss 0.2% to 1.1%, and damage 4.1% to 10.5% compared to grain in polypropylene bags which had the highest loss 7.3% to 25.3% and damage, 28.9% to 37.5%. All metal silos irrespective of grain volume and candle lighting during storage had 100% insect mortality while in control the number of live P. truncatus increased from 100 to 1786, ninety days after storage. Proper sealing of metal silo with either rubber band or grease and use of lighted candle effectively controlled P. truncatus in stored maize irrespective of grain volume.
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Frate, Guido Francesco, Lorenzo Ferrari, Luca Giachetti, Giacomo Petretto i Umberto Desideri. "Performance analysis of a Brayton Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES) with a liquid sensible heat storage". E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 10007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123810007.
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A pervasive Renewable Energy Source (RES) exploitation poses a wide range of issues to electric grids, which the enhancement of the electric grid flexibility may mitigate. There are several approaches to improve grid flexibility, and a significant help will come from efficient, reliable, durable and cheap electric storage technologies. Inevitably, different storage technologies will be needed since different power and energy spectra characterise RES issues. In the category of high capacity-to-power ratio technologies, Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES) is becoming more and more popular. Such technology aims at replacing Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES), and it is suited for daily cyclic operation (load shifting). In this paper, a Brayton PTES with liquid sensible heat storages is studied. Compared to the standard system equipped with packed beds, the liquid heat storage allows for a more straightforward state of charge estimation, control and, potentially, for a better usage of storage volume. Through a parametric analysis involving the main design specifications, the system performance is assessed under realistic assumptions. The resulting figures provide an exhaustive characterisation of the performance achievable by the system, which may be useful for a fair comparison between PTES and other competing storage technologies.
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Nakai, Akihiro, Masayuki Mizumoto i Akio Kagawa. "Bending and Rotation Movement Control of a Novel Actuator Utilizing Hydrogen Storage Alloys". Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (październik 2010): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1170.
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A power actuator based on a great volume expansion on hydrogenation of hydrogen storage alloys (HSAs) has been developed. The actuator has a bimorph structure consisting of Pd-Ni alloy and Cu-plating to convert the volume change into bending motion. The techniques to control the bending and rotation motions of the actuator were investigated by adjusting alloy composition, shape and the amount of hydrogen absorbed in the HSA. It is found that Pd-Ni alloy actuators exhibit a cyclic bending motion on hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles and the bending behavior can be controlled by controlling the hydrogen pressure. When a ribbon shaped actuator was deformed into the “L” shape on the transverse section, a rotation motion was observed without modifying the basic bimorph structure of the actuator.
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Dewi Nisa, Dewi Rashati, Mikhania C. E,. "PENGARUH VARIASI SUHU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP STABILITAS FISIK SUSPENSI AMOXICILLIN". JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI AKADEMI FARMASI JEMBER 2, nr 2 (28.01.2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53864/jifakfar.v2i2.25.
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This study aims to investigate effect of variation storage temperature on the physical stability of amoxicillin suspension. The physical stability of the amoxicillin suspension included organoleptic, pH, viscosity and volumes of flocculation and deflocculation sedimentation. The research method used true experimental design method with pre-test and post-test control group design. The sample used amoxicillin suspension with temperature storage variation were cold temperature, room temperature and warm temperature. The results of research data on physical stability of organoleptic were processed compared with the condition before storage. The results of research data on physical stability of pH, viscosity and volume of flocculation sedimentation were analyzed using One Way Annova. From the organoleptic suspension of amoxicillin there is significant difference. Data using SPSS with One Way Anova method. All samples at amoxicillin suspension pH with variation of storage temperature got significance value of p0,05, stability of pH has a difference. Viscosity of amoxicillin suspension with variation of storage temperature, the significance value of p0.05, the viscosity physical stability has a significant difference. In flocculation of amoxicillin suspension with variation of storage temperature, the significance value of p0.05 means flocculation in the has a significant difference. In this study the amoxicillin control suspension and all temperature storage did not occur deflocculation.Keywords: Physical stability, Amoxicillin, Suspension
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Martin, Holger, i Kurt Alfred Ruppert. "Critical storage volume of self-reacting products". Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 6, nr 5 (październik 1993): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-4230(05)80003-8.
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Shen, Dawei, Dongxing Pei i Tiehua Ma. "Design and Simulation of Multichannel Dynamic Measurement Control System". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (30.09.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4928069.
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The circuit system designed in this paper uses FPGA and single-chip microcomputer as the main chips. It uses VHDL language programming and performs functional simulation and verification of the core control program through ModelSim software, and finally, a storage-type dynamic measurement and control system with one-to-multiple channels, adjustable trigger modes, and optional sampling frequency is realized. At the same time, the system is further optimized in terms of power consumption and volume. The storage measurement and control system can successfully record eight-channel dynamic voltage signals, and the relative error of the experimental results is less than 2% through the simulation trigger experiment and Hopkinson bar experiment loading.
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Hartmann, Peter E., Robyn A. Owens, David B. Cox i Jacqueline C. Kent. "Breast Development and Control of Milk Synthesis". Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700404.
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We have developed a computerized breast measurement system that can quantitate both long-term (lactation cycle) and short-term (between breastfeedings) changes in breast volume. The increase in breast volume during pregnancy was not related to milk production at one month of lactation, whereas milk production from one to six months of lactation remained constant and was not controlled directly by the suckling-evoked secretion of prolactin. From the measurement of circadian changes in breast volume, it was concluded that infants rarely emptied the breasts at a single breastfeeding and that short-term variation in the rate of synthesis during the day and between the left and right breasts was closely related to the degree of breast fullness. Furthermore, differences between women in the storage capacity of the breasts dictated their flexibility in frequency of breastfeeding. These observations are consistent with the autocrine (local) control of milk synthesis during established lactation in women.
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Tkachev, V. V., i S. M. Protsenko. "MANAGEMENT OF TRAFFIC FLOW ON A CONVEYOR TRANSPORT". Science and Transport Progress, nr 25 (25.12.2008): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2008/14458.
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The analysis of control capability of the freight traffic volumes in coal mines, which use storage bunkers for averaging a flow from the mining sections, is carried out on the basis of imitation model of conveyor network with the use of predistribution of conveyor space, on the base of equipment SAUKL for the purpose of stabilizing the freight traffic volume and avoiding the losses during transportation.
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Grema, L. U., A. B. Abubakar i O. O. Obiukwu. "Carbon Emission Control Measures". International Letters of Natural Sciences 3 (październik 2013): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.3.21.
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This paper seeks to share the experience of the Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking programme (ULCOS) established in 2002 by a number of EU members on how to cut down CO2 emission by at least 50 % of the present volume of emission. Global environmental challenge today is the issue of climate change resulting in devastating effects such as flooding in many countries of the world. One of the major causes is the CO2 emission from different industries including iron and steel industries. The total global CO2 emission was put at 29Gt in 2007 and projected to be 37Gt by the 2020. Out of this volume the steel industry accounts for 3-4 % and this call for concern from stakeholders to come up with measures to reduce or control the emission of the green house gas. These measures are necessary considering the growth of the iron and steel industry in the last 50 years. Important items considered include among others carbon emission and recovery, carbon capture and storage and new iron and steel making processes and their potential for CO2 reduction.
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Grema, L. U., A. B. Abubakar i O. O. Obiukwu. "Carbon Emission Control Measures". International Letters of Natural Sciences 3 (27.10.2013): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-j4k057.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper seeks to share the experience of the Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking programme (ULCOS) established in 2002 by a number of EU members on how to cut down CO2 emission by at least 50 % of the present volume of emission. Global environmental challenge today is the issue of climate change resulting in devastating effects such as flooding in many countries of the world. One of the major causes is the CO2 emission from different industries including iron and steel industries. The total global CO2 emission was put at 29Gt in 2007 and projected to be 37Gt by the 2020. Out of this volume the steel industry accounts for 3-4 % and this call for concern from stakeholders to come up with measures to reduce or control the emission of the green house gas. These measures are necessary considering the growth of the iron and steel industry in the last 50 years. Important items considered include among others carbon emission and recovery, carbon capture and storage and new iron and steel making processes and their potential for CO2 reduction.
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Whalley, R., i A. Abdul-Ameer. "Gas pipeline modelling and control". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, nr 18 (19.02.2015): 3320–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215570698.
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The distributed parameter modelling of the gas flow through long pipelines is considered. Procedures which incorporate the gas stream energy storage, the pipeline frictional resistance and pressure attenuation characteristics are introduced. The pipeline input–output, transfer function, pressure and volume flow representations are formulated. An optimum, least effort, closed loop regulation strategy is proposed. Frequency response techniques are invoked enabling the derivation of simple, robust control algorithms. Confirmation of the results obtained, from the transient response computation of the outputs following input reference and load disturbance changes, are presented. The accuracy and novelty of the approach presented is commented upon.
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Starikov, Timofey V., Kirill Y. Sopin, Sergey A. Dichenko i Dmitriy V. Samoylenko. "DATA INTEGRITY CONTROL MODEL BASED ON REED-SOLOMON CODE CONSTRUCTION RULES". Автоматизация процессов управления 1, nr 67 (2022): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35752/1991-2927-2022-1-67-98-105.
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The article deals with the Automated Systems (AS) operating under the destructive influences of an attacker and disturbances of the operating environment with a continuous increase in the amount of information accumulated in data storage systems (DSS) used in their interests. When compensating for the effects of an attacker and disturbances in the operating environment, the use of storage is complicated by the increased control information which entered for protection. At the same time, the amount of introduced redundancy is increasing in direct proportion to the increasing volume of information accumulated in the storage. For such operating conditions, one of the most important tasks is the organization of secure data storage with restrictions on allowable resource costs. A subsystem of data integrity control based on the cryptographic methods, in particular hash functions, is proposed. The hash function used in the developed subsystem is based on the rules of construction of the Reed-Solomon code, which makes it possible to detect and localize data arrays with signs of integrity violations without calculating and introducing a high redundancy of control information for this.
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Lei, De Bao, Zhong Hua Tang i Kai Zhao. "The Central Air-Conditioning Energy-Saving Control Technology". Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (maj 2011): 2695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2695.
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With the application of the central air conditioning system widely, it has increased fast the consumption of national energy. This paper analyzes how to control a central air-conditioning system for energy saving, mainly including control characteristics , automatic control component and the control approaches of energy saving. Energy-saving approaches consist of indoor state parameter selection control, variable-speed pump control，variable air volume system control, Storage cold control and control Optimization.
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Saul, A. J., i D. R. Ellis. "Sediment Deposition in Storage Tanks". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 8 (1.04.1992): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0193.
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The use of storage tanks in sewerage systems has increased in recent years. The primary functions of such tanks are to attenuate flow and to retain pollutants within the sewer system. The size of the required storage volume is dependent on the purpose for which the tank is to be used but the end product of any design analysis is the definition of fixed volume of storage which has to be included as part of the sewerage system. The main problem is to provide storage and effective separation of gross and suspended solids without incurring poor self cleansing and associated high maintenance costs. The work outlined in this paper involved the development of a laboratory computer controlled monitoring system for the purpose of flow visualisation and for the comparative assessment of the sediment deposition and removal performance of different geometric configurations of storage tank. These systems used sophisticated control procedures and the latter had the facility to generate a flow hydrograph of any shape and duration and to superimpose on this hydrograph a pollutograph of synthetic sediment, in this case crushed olive stone wood flour. Particular attention was focused on the optimum length to breadth ratio for a given storage volume, the configuration of the chamber floor - number, shape and gradient of dry weather flow channels and benching (gradient; the type of roof support and the effect of multiple storms on the redistribution of deposited sediment. The results of the work illustrated that very complex flow patterns were established within the storage tanks as the flow hydrograph was discharged through the system and that these flow patterns governed the sediment settlement, re-entrainment and transport processes in the tank. The velocity distribution within each chamber was a function of tank geometry, the shape, volume, and duration of the inflow hydrograph and the throughflow setting. The paper is concluded by a series of recommendations to aid the design of storage tanks.
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Gong, Yongwei, Ye Chen, Lei Yu, Junqi Li, Xingyao Pan, Zhenyao Shen, Xiang Xu i Qianying Qiu. "Effectiveness Analysis of Systematic Combined Sewer Overflow Control Schemes in the Sponge City Pilot Area of Beijing". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 9 (28.04.2019): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091503.
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Combined sewer overflow (CSO) pollution poses a serious threat to the urban water environment and is more severe in old urban areas. This research uses the old urban area in the sponge city pilot area in Tongzhou District, Beijing, as the study area. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) storm water management model (SWMM) was used to establish the hydrologic and hydraulic model of this area. The model parameters were calibrated and validated based on the measured rainfall and runoff data. The results show that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient for calibration and validation is more than 0.74. Thirty-two sets of systematic CSO control schemes are formulated, which include the "gray (includes the pipes, pumps, ditches, and detention ponds engineered by people to manage stormwater) strategy" and "gray-green strategies", and the regularity of CSO control for "low impact development (LID) facilities at the source", "intercepting sewer pipes at the midway", and "storage tank at the end", are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the LID facility has an average annual reduction rate of 22% for the CSO frequency and 35% to 49% for the CSO volume. The retrofitting of intercepting sewer pipes has an average annual reduction rate of 11% for the CSO frequency and 4% to 15% for the CSO volume, and the storage tank has an average annual reduction rate from 3% to 36% for the CSO volume; furthermore, the reduction rate decreases with the increase in the CSO volume reduction rate by LID facilities. When the CSO control target is stricter, the control effect of the "end" segment is more obvious, but the control efficiency is lower. By studying the variability of the storage tank volume under different control targets, it can be concluded that it is reasonable to set the CSO control target because the number of overflow events does not exceed four times per year for the study area.
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Karwacki, Jarosław, i Roman Kwidziński. "Experimental investigation of PCM thermal energy storage charge and discharge process with aperiodic (ramp) temperature inputs". E3S Web of Conferences 70 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187003005.
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In recent years, the use of storages filled with phase-change material (PCM) is increasingly considered. Such design is characterized by a higher density of thermal energy accumulation in comparison with water storages. However, the optimal use of the PCM storages requires a recognition of its dynamic characteristics during the loading and unloading process. This paper presents research aimed at understanding and dynamic description of the heat transfer process in a shell-and-tube thermal energy storage. The experimental test stand and the measurement and control system are described. The investigated storage had a form of a cylindrical tank of 40 dm3 volume in which a coil made of pipes with an external diameter of 3.35 mm was immersed in the PCM. The total heat transfer area was 9.4 m2. A lumped parameter model was used to describe mathematically the storage thermal dynamics. The PCM used was commercially available RT15 material with the heat capacity of 150 kJ/kg in the temperature range of 10–17°C. In the investigations, aperiodic (ramp) temperature inputs were used. The storage tests were carried out for low (12 h) and high (6 h) speeds of charging and discharging. The amplitude of the input signal and the liquid temperature at the storage inlet were set to include the phase transition interval of the PCM used. The obtained test results allowed to determine the enthalpy as a function of temperature for the whole storage. The experimental results were also used to validate 0D mathematical model of the heat storage.
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Aliyeva, O. A. "Specification of main technical parameters of reserves accumulated in the underground gas storages develo- ped in the oil fields with gas caps". Azerbaijan Oil Industry, nr 06 (15.06.2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2022-6-7-41-45.
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The optimum variant is selected from two reviewed options for the development of gas storage of peak type, which is differed with storing capacity and daily tools of gas intake. Based on the data, the average values of coefficients of filtration resistance for a gas well were calculated. The parameters of the gas storages were revealed by means of the calculations, due to which the rules of control and field regulation specified as well. In accordance with the results provided and further increase of gas saturated volume, the capacity of produced oil in the presence of gas repression in the gas zone by the change of dynamics of the volume of gas saturated pores and formation pressure is specified
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Yi, Tong, Chun Jin, Lulu Gao, Jichao Hong i Yanbo Liu. "Nested Optimization of Oil-Circulating Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage System for Hybrid Mining Trucks". Machines 10, nr 1 (27.12.2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10010022.
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In order to recover and utilize the potential energy of mining trucks efficiently, this paper proposes a nested optimization method of a novel energy storage system. By analyzing the multi-objective optimization problem of the oil-circulating hydro-pneumatic energy storage system, a nested optimization method based on the advanced adaptive Metamodel-based global optimization algorithm is carried out. Research shows that this method only requires a short time to solve the complex nonlinear hybrid optimization problem and achieves better results. The optimized energy storage system has higher system efficiency, energy density, and volume utilization rate, thus obtaining a smaller system volume and weight. Verified by the bench experiment of its powertrain, the hydro-pneumatic hybrid mining truck with the optimized energy storage system significantly reduces its fuel consumption and CO2 emission. Thus, it lays the foundation for the practical application of hydro-pneumatic hybrid mining trucks.
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Phoummixay, S., Biswadip Basu Mallik, T. Khampasith, V. Somchay, K. Phouphavanh, P. Sengkeo i S. Sivakone. "The Assessment of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Adsorption and Spatial Biomass Distribution Mapping in the Reservoir of Hinboun Hydropower Project". Journal of Mathematical Sciences & Computational Mathematics 3, nr 1 (4.10.2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/jmscm.3110.
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Geographical Information System (GIS) is an excellent tool to be employed with computer control system and play very significant role for database management, storing, capture, mapping and data analysis which includes vector and raster data. This study is mainly to focus on: (i) to study on the tree volumes, carbon storages and analyze the adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2), (ii) to estimate the existing biomass within the reservoir and (iii) to create the spatial biomass distribution maps. Consequently, the distribution maps are described and indicated in low to high biomass density within the study area. Hence, this study has found that: there are 10,365.3 m3 of the total volume, 421.423 kg of total Carbone storage, 1,542.41 kg of total CO2 absorption and 36,346.48 tons of total Biomass within the study area.
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Skiepko, Teodor. "On the Reynolds transport theorem for three phase systems with storage in interfaces". Archives of Thermodynamics 32, nr 1 (1.04.2011): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0002-8.
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On the Reynolds transport theorem for three phase systems with storage in interfacesIn the paper, the Reynolds transport theorem (RTT) for three phase systems is developed, in terms associated with a moving control volume. The basic tools applied to the derivation are the generalized transport theorem by Truesdell and Toupin, and generalized surface transport theorem by Aris as well as Slattery. The final results referenced to a generic extensive quantity demonstrate the theorem in the integral instantaneous form. As a further illustration of applicability of the theorem relation developed some specific forms are deduced from such as for multiphase systems in terms of fixed control volume, surface systems and homogeneous spatial systems.
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Huang, Rong Zhen. "Dynamic Change of Water Storage under Anti-Drought Measures on Red Soil Slope Farmland". Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (październik 2012): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.564.
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Seasonal drought and soil erosion happened alternately on red soil slope farmland, which severely restricted its full productivity. This project took down-slope tillage as a control and different soil reservoir construction measures’ slopes as subjects, studying their soil reservoir storage function and dynamic change of water storage, in order to study the mechanism of water-retaining and regulating capability in different soil reservoir construction measures’ slopes. The results show that the max. and min. volume of water storage in pits Ⅰ, pits Ⅱ, pin hole Ⅰand pin hole Ⅱare 19.67%, 32.14%, 17.61%, 17.17% and 14.06%, 16.46%, 10.20%, 11.82% higher than the control respectively. Monthly changes of water storage in different soil layers of the control were more than those in construction measures’ slopes farmland, which were minimal in pit Ⅱ, Water storage increased first and then decressed with the increase of soil depth, but the changes of water storage at 0～40 cm layer were more greater than that at 80～100 cm layer in all the slope farmlands, which provided stronger water regulating capability.
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Urishev, Bоboraim, Rumiya Beytullayeva, Аsror Umirov i Оybek Almardonov. "Hydraulic energy storage of wind power plants". E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404053.
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The article discusses information on the need to accumulate energy from renewable sources to improve their efficiency, as well as some examples of the integration of systems for hydraulic energy storage and renewable sources, which ensure an increase in the reliability and volume of energy generation. The method for determining the parameters of a wind power plant's hydraulic energy storage system, which is based on the balance of the daily load produced and spent on energy storage, is presented. With changing daily loads, this technique makes it possible to determine the main parameters of the complex, including the volume of accumulated water, the coefficient of energy use of the wind power station. A functional diagram of the programmed control of the pumped storage and wind power plant parameters for the optimal use of the wind potential in hydraulic energy storage is presented. Based on the results of calculations using the proposed method, the main parameters of the system based on pumped storage and wind power plant with a capacity of 100 MW were determined, the efficiency of hydraulic energy storage was determined in comparison with lithium-ion batteries.
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Urishev, B., F. Nosirov i N. Ruzikulova. "Hydraulic energy storage of wind power plants". E3S Web of Conferences 383 (2023): 04052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338304052.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article discusses information on the need to accumulate energy from renewable sources to improve their efficiency, as well as some examples of the integration of systems for hydraulic energy storage and renewable sources, which ensure an increase in the reliability and volume of energy generation. The method for determining the parameters of the hydraulic energy storage system of a wind power plant, which is based on the balance of the daily load produced and spent on energy storage, is presented. This technique, with changing daily loads, makes it possible to determine the main parameters of the complex, including the volume of accumulated water, the coefficient of energy use of the wind power station. A functional diagram of the programmed control of the parameters of a pumped storage and wind power plant for the optimal use of the wind potential in hydraulic energy storage presented. Based on the results of calculations using the proposed method, the main parameters of the system based on a pumped storage and wind power plant with a capacity of 100 MW were determined, the efficiency of hydraulic energy storage was determined in comparison with lithium-ion batteries.
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Botoș, Marius Lucian, i Zsombor Kisfaludi-Bak. "Steady/Unsteady Flow Through Small Earthfill Dams". Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 8, nr 1 (1.04.2018): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2018.08.04.
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Abstract Small earthfill dams, without permanent water storage, are simple operation constructions without any outlet operation or control systems, and which provide water storage in flood wave periods. From the seepage point of view, these simple constructions have a specific complex behavior. Even if generally the body of the dam can be considered to be homogeneous, infiltration through partially saturated materials is unsteady. The water level rapidly increases from the minimum to the maximum level as the water storage volume is relatively low.
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Pisano, William C., i Hans Brombach. "Operational Experience with Vortex Solids Separators for Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 1-2 (1.01.1994): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0686.
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The first vortex solids separator facility in Germany for CSO control was installed in 1987. Solids separation efficiency was optimized in the hydraulic laboratory using scaled down models and artificial tracers to simulate typical sewage particulates. The facility comprises two parallel operating vortex separators servicing an impervious area of 11 ha with a population of 1,500 people. The specific storage of the facility including the separator volume and in-line pipe storage is 7.2 m3/ha, about 1/4 - 1/2 of that required per German standards. A multi-year evaluation program was conducted. The first phase noted operational reliability, hydraulic loads and overflow frequencies. In the second phase pollutant removal efficiencies were monitored. The results were favourable indicating that the separator is now ready for use.
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Chatli, Manish Kumar, Surabhi Kaura, Mohan Jairath, Nitin Mehta, Pavan Kumar i Jhari Sahoo. "Storage stability of raw chevon chunks packaged in composite, bioactive films at refrigeration temperature". Animal Production Science 54, nr 9 (2014): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14346.
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Storage stability of raw chevon (goat meat) chunks wrapped in preformed, bioactive, biodegradable films based on composite starch–chitosan and impregnated with nisin (60 000 IU/g; T-1) and cinnamaldehyde (0.5% v/v; T-2) was evaluated relative to unwrapped product (control) under aerobic refrigeration (4°C ± 1°C) conditions for 10 days. Samples were taken on Days 1, 4, 7 and 10 to assess various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory quality parameters. Water activity and pH of raw chevon chunks followed a decreasing trend during storage under all packaging conditions; the rate of decrease of water activity was higher (P < 0.05) in the control than in bio-packaged products. Values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased throughout storage and were lowest in T-2 and highest in the control. Extract release volume decreased throughout storage under all packaging conditions; however, it was higher (P < 0.05) in bio-packaged products than the control. Microbial quality was better in bio-packaged products than the control throughout storage. Standard plate count was 2.09 log10 cycles lower in T-2 than the control, and coliform count was lower by log10 2.31 cfu/g in T-2 and log10 1.88 in T-1 than the control on Day 7 of storage. Staphylococcus counts were lower (P < 0.05) in bioactive-packaged products than the control throughout the storage period. Sensory quality attributes colour, odour, texture and overall acceptability were better maintained in bio-packaged products than the control during storage, and maximum scores were awarded to T-2. The results indicate that starch–chitosan composite films impregnated with cinnamaldehyde can be used for the packaging of raw goat meat and successfully extend storage life by inhibiting the colour, oxidative and microbial deteriorative changes under refrigeration.
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Jing, Jiayue, Zhiming Zhang i Junqi Li. "Study on Location Decision of Multi-Functional Rainwater Storage Space in High-Density Built-Up Area". Water 14, nr 21 (29.10.2022): 3460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213460.
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Multi-functional rainwater storage space is a practical solution to flood and runoff pollution in high-density built-up areas. This study presents a location decision method to improve the control effect of total runoff volume, runoff peak flow, and runoff pollution. The results show that this method can accurately and quickly screen available locations for multi-functional rainwater storage space and prioritize them as optimum, suitable, less suitable, unsuitable, and not available for construction. In the case of this study, greening the road can achieve a better effect on runoff control.
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Niu, Siping, Kisoo Park, Jing Cheng i Youngchul Kim. "An investigation into the relationship between water quality volume (design storage volume) and stormwater wetland performance". Water Science and Technology 73, nr 6 (17.12.2015): 1483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.621.
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An investigation on free water surface wetland, which has an area of 0.23 ha and is employed to control the non-point source pollution from a watershed of 7.4 ha, was carried out to examine how the WQvr (the ratio of stormwater inflow volume to water quality volume (WQv)) affects the wetland treatment performance. As stormwater went through the wetland, TSS (total suspended solids), TCOD (total chemical oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) were reduced by 85%, 57%, 6% and 68%, on average, respectively. Increase in the WQvr resulted in a decrease in the reduction efficiencies of TSS, TCOD and TP, but a slight increase in TN removal. WQv was identified as a useful parameter for the design of stormwater wetlands, as this volumetric design approach overcomes the variation in flow rate and pollutant concentrations with respect to time and rainfall conditions. However, the design goal of 80% TSS reduction was not accomplished as inflow water volume equal to designed WQv. On the other hand, it was found that TCOD and TP reduction could also be considered as wetland design goals together with TSS. However, TN reduction did not show any significant relationship with the WQv.
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Kyrpa, М. Ya. "State and development of grain storage engineering and technologies in Ukraine". Scientific Journal Grain Crops 6, nr 2 (2.03.2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0234.
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Topicality. These researches are due to the grain storage problem, the features of maize grain storage in metal silos under the various environmental factors, as well as more efficient using the material and technical facilities, including the grain storages of new generation. Purpose. To establish the types of grain storage facilities that are most appropriate for storing the yield of different crops, to improve metal silos and maize grain storage technologies. Materials and Methods. During experiments on maize grain storage, we used the metal silo equipped with a system of sensors to measure the temperature in different places of grain heap. We studied two models of grain storages, such as a standard construction (control) and an experimental one thermal isolated with a polyurethane layer. During the storage experiment, grain quality was monitored on grain moisture content, dockage, damage and germination. Results. Different types of grain storage facilities storing main volume of grain harvest were characterized; the technical, economic and technological advantages and disadvantages of grain storage were highlighted; directions for further development are outlined. The features of maize grain storage in the metal silos under influence of external meteorological conditions for 60 day were established. Temperature fluctuations were 7.1–13 °С in grain storage with thermal insulation, 4.5–25.9 °С – without insulation. As a result of significant temperature fluctuations, the grain was moistened by 2.2 %, its acidity increased by 1 degree, germination decreased by 7 %. At the stage of preparation for storage, maize grain should be cleaned to purity of 93–97 % by removing grain impurities. An effective method for this is fractional separation of grain. Conclusions. Thermal insulation of metal silos significantly reduces the negative impact of fluctuations in ambient air temperature, stabilizes the storage mode, and ensures high quality maize grain. The stability of grain during storage increases in the case of selection from it a fraction of grain of small, unfilled, with a low 1000 grain weight. Key words: types of grain storage facilities, metal silo, thermal insulation, maize, quality, cleaning grain before storage
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Acharya, S., B. R. Baliga, K. Karki, J. Y. Murthy, C. Prakash i S. P. Vanka. "Pressure-Based Finite-Volume Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics". Journal of Heat Transfer 129, nr 4 (7.01.2007): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2716419.
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Pressure-based finite-volume techniques have emerged as the methods of choice for a wide variety of industrial applications involving incompressible fluid flow. In this paper, we trace the evolution of this class of solution techniques. We review the basics of the finite-volume method, and trace its extension to unstructured meshes through the use of cell-based and control-volume finite-element schemes. A critical component of the solution of incompressible flows is the issue of pressure-velocity storage and coupling. The development of staggered-mesh schemes and segregated solution techniques such as the SIMPLE algorithm are reviewed. Co-located storage schemes, which seek to replace staggered-mesh approaches, are presented. Coupled multigrid schemes, which promise to replace segregated-solution approaches, are discussed. Extensions of pressure-based techniques to compressible flows are presented. Finally, the shortcomings of existing techniques and directions for future research are discussed.