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1
Sailon i Karmin. "Steam Boiler Design Using Diesel Motor Exhaust Gas". International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 2, nr 3 (27.12.2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i3.140.
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As it is known that the boiler is a device used to heat water. This research is conducted to propose another alternative in energy saving efforts by utilizing exhaust gas energy from Diesel motors which so far have not received much attention. The exhaust gases is reused to react the boiler. The method used in design this tool uses the literature study method. The data is taken from the exhaust gas of a 9 x 12 x 4 cylinders Diesel engine with a speed of 300 rpm and Mep 80 Psi, engine power (N) 92.4 Hp. From the results of this study, the results show that the size of the steam pipe with pipe outer diameter (OD) is 1 in, spaced 1 in, the number of rows is 2 rows, the number of pipes in one row Z = 12 rows, with carbon steel pipe material SA 106 Grade. Meanwhile, the size and arrangement of the economizer pipes are the outer diameter of the pipe (OD) 1 in, the spacing = 2 in, the number of rows = 6 rows, the total number of pipes Z = 2 x 6 = 12 pieces, the overall length of the pipe is L x 12, the economizer pipe = 644 in, and SA 106 Grade carbon steel pipe material. The thickness of the boiler drum t = 0.245 cm, capacity Q = 536.75 lb/hour, and the boiler drum material is SA 302 Grade B carbon steel.
2
Thamrin, Ismail, i K. Novaldo. "COMPARISON SPIRAL PIPE WITH ROUND PIPE FOR HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER GAS TURBINE". Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science 1, nr 1 (21.11.2020): 039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51630/ijes.v1i1.8.
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The increasing need for energy requires finding alternative energy. Sawdust is wate but can be utilised as alternative energy. The sawdust is used as a boiler fuel called biomass. However, the utilization of sawdust as a boiler fuel is considered less effective. Presumably heat and mass transfer of steam for boiler system using spiral pipes. Since the length of steam distribution becomes long so that the heat transfer from boiler to pipes takes a long time. Thus, this study examines the effect of spiral pipes for the heat transfer process for boilers, where the steam is supplied to rotate the turbines (generate electricity). Based on initially study, the boiler system performance using spiral pipe is better than round pipe.
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Nugroho, Ady Setya. "Perencanaan Pipa Dua Fasa pada Fasilitas Produksi Panas Bumi Dieng". Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy 3, nr 1 (30.06.2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jo.v3i1.492.
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<p><span><span><span>Lapangan Panas Bumi Dieng beroperasi sejak tahun 2004 dengan kapasitas turbin 60 MW serta memiliki target produksi sebesar 55 MW selama tigapuluh tahun. Lapangan ini, masih layak untuk dilakukan pengembangan dengan total sebesar 110 MW. Dalam mengoptimalkan kualitas uap (<em>steam quality</em>) dari kepala sumur sampai dengan input turbin maka perlu adanya perencanan mengenai dimensi dari pipa yang mengalirkan uap. Parameter yang diperhatikan dalam perencanaan pipa dua fasa yaitu diameter pipa dan penurunan tekanan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan diameter pipa dua fasa dan penurunan tekanan pada salah satu sumur pengembangan lapangan Panas Bumi Dieng. Metodologi perhitungan dimensi pipa ini menggunakan standar ASME dalam penentuan diameter pipa dan menghitung besarnya penurunan tekanan sebelum input turbin menggunakan <em>software pipesim. </em>Hasil perhitungan salah satu sumur yang memiliki masa aliran sebesar 60 kg/s <span> </span>didapatkan jenis pipa Xtra Strong (XS) kualitas uap 0.176 dengan diameter pipa 8 inchi serta kecepatan aliran yang optimal sebesar 27.33 m/s <span> </span>serta penurunan tekanan dari <em>well head</em> menuju separator adalah 7, 476 bar dengan tekanan input turbin sebesar 22,985 bar.</span></span></span></p><p><em>Dieng Geothermal Field operates since 2004 with a 60 MW turbine capacity and has a production target of 55 MW for thirty years. This field is still feasible for development with a total of 110 MW. In optimizing the quality of steam (steam quality) from the wellhead to the turbine input, it is necessary to plan on the dimensions of the pipe that flows steam. Parameters that are considered in planning two-phase pipes are pipe diameter and pressure drop. The research objective was to determine the two-phase pipe diameter and pressure drop at one of the wells in the Dieng Geothermal field development. The methodology for calculating the pipe dimensions uses the ASME standard in determining pipe diameter and calculating the amount of pressure drop before the turbine input using pipesim software. The calculation results of one well that has a flow period of 60 kg / s obtained Xtra Strong (XS) pipe type vapor quality 0.176 with 8 inches pipe diameter and optimal flow velocity of 27.33 m / s and pressure drop from well head to separator is 7 , 476 bars with turbine input pressure of 22,985 bars.</em></p>
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Chudhoifah, Mochamad Nanchy, Dwita Suastiyanti i Pathya Rupajati. "Analisa Kerusakan Pipa Boiler Super Kritikal". Jurnal Teknik Mesin ITI 4, nr 1 (27.02.2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31543/jtm.v4i1.334.
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AbstrakBoiler adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengubah air menjadi uap dengan cara dipanaskan menggunakan batubara sebagai bahan bakar utama. Pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap dengan menggunakan boiler super critical berkapasitas 660 MW, temperatur uap 566 °C dan tekanan 240 bar memiliki pipa di area final superheater dengan jenis material SA213 – T91. Pada saat unit start up, pipa di area final superheater mengalami kebocoran sehingga pipa menjadi pecah. Pecahnya pipa menyerupai mulut ikan, hasil analisa penyebabnya kemungkinan karena Short Term Temperature. Melalui uji metalografi ditemukan adanya rongga-rongga dan retak pada struktur mikro, kemungkinan karena pengelupasan lapisan magnetik didalam pipa. Untuk itu pengoperasian boiler harus memperhatikan kenaikan metal temperatur tidak boleh melebihi 2°C/menit agar tidak terjadi pengelupasan lapisan magnetik pada pipa Boiler.Kata kunci: SA213-T91, retak, superheater.Abstract Boilers are tools used to convert water into steam by heating using coal as the main fuel. In steam power plants using super critical boilers with a capacity of 660 MW, steam temperatures of 566 ° C and pressure of 240 bar have pipes in superheater final area with material type SA213 - T91. When start of the unit, the pipe in the final superheater area has leaked so that the pipe was rupture. The rupture of a pipe like a fish's mouth, the results of the analysis cause may be due to Short Term Temperature. Through metallographic tests it was found that there were cavities and creeps on the microstructure, possibly due to the peeling of the magnetic layer in the pipe. For this reason, the operation of the boiler must pay attention to the increase in metal temperature should not exceed 2 ° C / minute so there is no exfoliation of the magnetic layer in the Boiler pipe.Keywords: SA213-T91, creep, superheater.
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Saragi, Elfrida, Abdul Hafid i Geni Rina Sunaryo. "APLIKASI MSC PATRAN UNTUK PENENTUAN RENTANG MAKSIMUM PENYANGGA PIPA PRIMER REAKTOR AP1000". Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir 17, nr 1 (15.06.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jpen.2015.17.1.2613.
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ABSTRAK APLIKASI MSC PATRAN UNTUK PENENTUAN RENTANG MAKSIMUM PENYANGGA PIPA PRIMER REAKTOR AP1000. Penyangga pipa digunakan antara lain untuk menjaga agar pipa tidak membebani komponen dan mencegah terjadinya lendutan yang berlebihan. Penentuan posisi penyangga pipa ditetapkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti adanya katup, adanya belokan pipa dan jarak antara dua komponen utama reaktor yaitu tangki reaktor dan pembangkit uap.Untuk transpor panas dari tangki reaktor ke pembangkit uap digunakan pipa hotleg. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat menentukan batas jarak penyangga yang baik dan sudut belok pipa pada pipa primer reaktor daya AP1000 berdiameter 37,5inchi diameter luar dan 31 inchi diameter dalam. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode komputasi dengan pemodelan menggunakan software MSC Patran.Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa semakin jauh jarak penyangga pipa maka besar lendutan yang terjadi makin besar.Nilai maksimal yang cukup baik dan sesuai standar ASME adalah pada jarak 5 m dengan sudut belok pipa 45 derajat.Pada jarak tersebut defleksi maksimumyang terjadi sebesar 1.76 cm dan tegangan tekuk sebesar 2.06 MPa. Kata kunci: Tegangan tekuk, Defleksi, Penyangga pipa, Hotlegreaktor AP1000. ABSTRACT APPLICATION OF MSC-PATRANTO DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM RANGE SUPPORT OF PRIMARY PIPES NUCLEAR REACTOR AP1000. Pipe supports used among others, to keep the pipes from overloding the components and prevent excessive deflection. The position of the pipe support is determined by several factors, such as the presence of valves, pipe bends and the distance between the two main components of reactor. Heat transport from reactor tank to the steam generatorare performed using hotleg pipe. The purpose of this study was to determine a safe support distance limit and the angle of the pipe turn and bendingon the primary pipe of AP1000 power reactor with the outer pipe diameter of 37.5 inches, and the inner diameter of the pipe is 31 inches.The analytical method used is the computational modeling methodsusing the MSC Patran software. The calculation resultsshow that the greater the distance of the pipe support, then deflection occurs is greater. The maximum value that is quite good, andin accord to ASME standards is at a distance of 5 meter and the angle of pipe turn is 45 degree. At that distance, the maximum deflection occurs is 1.76 cm and bending stress is 2.06 MPa. Keywords: Deflection, Bending stress, Support pipes, Hotleg reactor AP1000.
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Yang, Dong, i Xiao Lu. "The Steam Pipe Network Mathematical Modeling and Flow Field Analysis of Zibo Power Plant". Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (czerwiec 2014): 1081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1081.
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As Zibo power plant original steam pipes for a long time to run, the strength decreased and resistance was large, transformation was proposed to optimize. A mathematical model of the main steam pipe network was established to analysis changes of temperature, pressure and velocity vector before and after transformation. After transformation, the loss was significantly reduced,so transformation successfully achieve the optimization, adjustment and analysis functions of the main steam pipe network.
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Riyadi, Tri Widodo Besar, i Sopyan Sahid Fatuloh. "The effect of internal pressure and thickness on the creep strain of the superheater pipes". Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 1, nr 1 (5.06.2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v1i1.21.
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Superheater pipes in turbines commonly are used to produce superheated steam. Internal pressure is critical for steam superheater elements. The pipes in such applications are vulnerable to temperature environments, which can bring the component to enter the creep regime, creep deformation, or even creep fracture. In general, most of the failures in boilers are caused by creep. Creep-resistant materials used in facilities operated at high temperatures must, therefore, be able to withstand the highest possible temperature loads. This study aims to investigate the creep behaviour of a 617 alloys steel steam pipe, which operated within 100,000 hours. The temperature of steam was set at 700?C, and the pressure in the pipe was 35 MPa. Abaqus software based on the finite element method was used in the study. The effect of internal pressure and pipe thickness on the creep strains was observed. The variation of the internal pressure was 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, and 45 MPa. Whereas, the thickness variations were 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 mm. The simulation results revealed that an increase in the internal pressure and the decrease of the pipe thickness increase the creep strain. This study can be used to predict the possibility of creep damaged for the superheater pipes operated at high temperatures, which have different thicknesses.
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Lu, Lin, K. Mindrov, Yike Bai, Shouqing Zheng, Feng Cai, Bao Liang Wang i Yiwei Wu. "Design of Heat Pipe Air Preheater for 10 t/h Gas-Steam Boiler". Bulletin of Science and Practice, nr 6 (15.06.2023): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/91/38.
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This design is aimed at energy -saving and designed a heat pipe air preheat to recover 10T/H steam gas boiler flue heat waste heat, thereby increasing the efficiency of the boiler and reducing gas consumption. This article first introduces the thermal pipe, heat pipe heat exchange, and boiler thermal system, and then focus on the design and optimization of the heat pipe air heater. This design optimizes the thermal pipe specifications of the heat pipe air heater and the parameters of the fins. At the same time, the sealing structure, the fixed structure, and the airport structure are optimized. Subsequently, the UG software created a three -dimensional physical model model and rendering model, and finally proposed corresponding countermeasures on equipment corrosion, thermal pipe life and tube vibration problems. This design uses Excel software to make design calculation tables. Through input parameters, the results of the results of the number of thermal pipes can be obtained.
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Oh, Sebeom, Gahyun Choi, Deokhyun Lee, Myungsik Choi i Kyungmo Kim. "Analysis of Eddy-Current Probe Signals in Steam Generator U-Bend Tubes Using the Finite Element Method". Applied Sciences 11, nr 2 (13.01.2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020696.
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To ensure the integrity and safety of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants, eddy-current testing is periodically employed. Because steam generators are equipped with thousands of thin-walled tubes, the eddy current is tested using a bobbin probe that can be used at high speed. Steam generator heat pipes in nuclear power plants have different sizes and shapes depending on their row number. In particular, heat pipes in the first row are located inside the steam generator and are of the U-bend type because the radius of the curved pipe is the smallest. A steam generator heat pipe has a thickness of about 1 mm, so a geometrical cross-sectional area change may occur due to residual stress when manufacturing the curved pipe. It is difficult to determine an exact shape because the change in cross-sectional area generated during the manufacturing process varies depending on the position of the pipe and the distortion rate. During eddy-current testing (ECT), to ensure the integrity and safety of the steam generator tubes, the shape change of the bend may cause a noise signal, making it difficult to evaluate defects in the pipe. However, the noise signals generated in this situation are difficult to analyze in a real measurement environment, and difficult to verify by producing a mock-up, which complicates distinguishing a noise signal from a defective signal. To solve this problem, various noise signals were obtained using the electromagnetic analysis method of COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial program based on numerical analysis of the finite element method, to simulate the environment, including the change in cross-sectional area of the heat pipe. When compared to the actual measurement signal, the accuracy of the simulations improved, and various types of noise signals were detected, which may be helpful for accurate evaluations of defects during actual inspections.
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Michaud, Suzanne, Samir Ziada i Henri Pastorel. "Acoustic Fatigue of a Steam Dump Pipe System Excited by Valve Noise". Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, nr 4 (23.05.2001): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1400741.
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The steam dump system in Gentilly Nuclear Power Plant consists of four parallel steam pipes, each of which comprises a steam control valve. Two pipes of this system experienced high-cycle fatigue damage. In-situ vibration and dynamic strain measurements were therefore conducted to identify the cause of the damage and formulate suitable counter-measures. The test results pointed to the high-frequency noise of the valve as the primary source causing the fatigue failure. By means of small-scale model tests, using a compressed air network, a new valve stem was developed, which produces a substantially lower noise level than that generated by the original valve stem. Implementing this new stem in the plant, without any other modifications in the valve body or the piping system, significantly reduced the dynamic stresses of the piping, but increased the vibration level of the valve itself. An alternative valve stem, which is a simpler version of the new design, was therefore tested and found to reduce the pipe stresses sufficiently while not increasing the level of valve vibration.
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Aswin, Aswin, i Ahmad Hasnan. "STRESS ANALYSIS EVALUATION AND PIPE SUPPORT TYPE ON HIGH-PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE STEAM PIPE". International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 4, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2023.004.01.4.
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The design and analysis of piping systems are critical in the power and process industries. The steam pipe is one of the main requirements for the plant to be installed. High-pressure and high-temperature steam pipes in the piping system are critical lines that need to be subjected to stress analysis. This study aims to evaluate the stress and the effect of using pipe supports on the stress in the piping system. Stress analysis is needed to ensure that the piping system that is designed is safe and does not exceed the allowable stress under operating conditions. Data analysis used ASTM A335-P11 as a pipe material with a design pressure of 65 bars and a design temperature of 480 °C. Stress analysis was carried out using CAESAR II software, which refers to ASME B31.3 process piping standards and codes. The findings revealed that the type of support chosen, such as the gap and distance of pipe support, has a significant impact on the stress value in the piping system. The results of the analysis are carried out several times to get the stress value so that it does not exceed the allowable stress. The greatest stress value occurs at the expansion load condition in the steam pipe system design. The chosen piping system design has a ratio of 93.6%, which is located at node 220 with a stress value of 35889.1 psi and an allowable stress of 38327.2 psi. Because the stress value that occurs is below the allowable stress, the steam pipe system is safe to be installed and operated.
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Zhang, DongMin, YinCang Xu i PengLiang Huang. "Energy consumption analysis of intelligent temperature control steaming process of new concrete prestressed pipe piles". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2365, nr 1 (1.11.2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2365/1/012049.
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Abstract The traditional steam maintenance process of concrete prestressed pipe piles adopts steam maintenance, and the energy utilization rate is not high due to the inaccurate temperature automatic control system in the steaming pool and the serious loss of steam during the steaming process. In order to effectively ensure the strength and durability of concrete pre-products, shorten the production cycle at the same time, realize the automation of the steam pond temperature control system, the new maintenance process in the traditional maintenance process by manual temperature adjustment on the basis of intelligent control of temperature, thereby improving the accuracy of the steam pool temperature control system. In order to improve the energy utilization rate of the traditional steaming process of concrete prestressed pipe piles, the new concrete pipe pile maintenance process uses recycled water to maintain it, which has a certain energy-saving effect relative to the traditional steam maintenance, and calculates the energy consumption of the new steaming process and the energy consumption of the current steaming process of the enterprise to determine its energy saving.
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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "PERANCANGAN BOILER DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SAMPAH KERING UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR PLTU MINI 3 kW STT-PLN". Power Plant 5, nr 1 (10.12.2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/powerplant.v5i1.113.
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Boiler is a heat exchanger that serves to evaporate boiler feed water to produce dry steam to drive the turbines in order to produce electricity. The fuels used in this study are dry wastes such as paper, plastic, and wood. The process of designing this boiler is carried out so that the use of diesel to generate steam on energy conversion practicum/experiment in STT-PLN is no longer needed. Instead, they can use dry waste as fuel to produce steam which later will drive the turbines. The residue of burning waste process in the form of ashes is approximately 0.053% of the weight or volume of dry waste before burnt. The calculation conducted on this works is to determine the design of evaporator and economizer pipe. The calculation is also adjusted to the generated steam needed in order to spin the turbines. The pressure produced from this boiler design should be 2.9 bar and for the amount of steam was 21 kg / hour. As a result, the calculation of evaporator surface area is 8,83 m2, result simulation HTRI 8.95m2 with 88 pipes and 1500 mm for each pipe, while the heated surface area for economizer is 0,46 m2 result simulation HTRI 0,45 m2 with 18 pipes and 400 mm long for each pipe.
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Beck, J. V., H. A. McLain, M. A. Karnitz, J. A. Shonder i E. G. Segan. "Heat Losses From Underground Steam Pipelines". Journal of Heat Transfer 110, nr 4a (1.11.1988): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250578.
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A new transient solution describing the heat transfer around a single buried steam pipe was developed. The solution technique uses Green’s functions and is particularly appropriate at distances greater than two or three pipe radii from the pipe. The solution models the pipe as a line heat source and considers a convective boundary condition at the soil surface. It was shown that for long time periods, the solution reduces to a steady-state expression that is believed to describe heat loss rates better than some current, commonly used steady-state relations. The solution was used with parameter estimation techniques to design an experimental procedure for determining buried steam pipe heat loss rates and depths from near-surface soil temperature measurements. Sensitivity coefficients derived from the solution were used to identify the linearly independent parameters and the optimum locations for the temperature measurements. An example of the use of this procedure is presented.
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Zhang, Li Xi, Shuai Zhou i Wen Bin Chen. "Condensing Property Researches for the Inorganic Heat Pipes Condenser". Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (luty 2011): 2117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.2117.
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Inorganic heat pipe is a new kind of heat transfer elements. To research the condensing characteristics of inorganic heat pipe condenser under negative pressure, the test-bed is established. In condenser design, traverse baffles are used to enhance steam velocity and steam disturbance to liquid film to strengthen heat transfer. Orifice connected to vacuum pump is fixed on the underpart of condenser to prolong steam flowing path and avoid steam loss caused by pump sucking. The relationship between water output and absolute pressure is a quadratic curve. The differences between testing water outputs and theoretical ones are analyzed. The research supplies a design basis for the inorganic heat pipes condenser used in low temperature distillation desalination unit.
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Si, Jun. "Leakage Analysis of Steam Condensate Pipe Elbow". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2477, nr 1 (1.04.2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2477/1/012020.
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Abstract The cause of leakage of a steam condensate pipe elbow has been carried out by means of chemical composition analysis, fracture surface analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that the inner wall of the pipe at the socket welding of the downstream pipe elbow of the steam trap is not enough smooth, and the inner diameter suddenly changes, resulting in a sudden increase in the flow velocity, which increases the erosion-corrosion rate of the pipe wall, and finally leads to the elbow leakage.
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Pargaonkar, C. S., i Maneesh Batrani. "Expansion Joint Design, Manufacture and Testing for Large Capacity Steam Turbines". Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (lipiec 2014): 1539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1539.
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The rapidly growing trend for higher capacity steam turbines with large steam flows demand the use of long lengths and large size pipes. Thermal expansions of up-to 50mm and pipe diameters up-to 2600mm are required to be dealt with calling for the use of Expansion Joints to control the stresses in both the pipes as well as the end equipment. The bellows in the Expansion Joints used for the steam turbine application are stretched to their limiting values of the stresses in order to make them as flexible as possible with the aim of limiting the pipe and end equipment operational stresses. Three fundamental types of loading are presented to provide insight into the way bellows convolutions are stressed during operation. The optimization of the bellows profile geometry is discussed briefly. A comparison of the resulsts obtainied by proven computational methods as well as by using international EJMA standard is made to highlight the safety built in the well established methods used.
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Gunena, Brenda Bella, Djeli Alvi Tulandi i Jeferson Polii. "ANALISIS KEMUNGKINAN TERJADINYA KONDENSASI PADA PIPA ALIR UAP DARI SEPARATOR KE SCRUBBER BERDASARKAN MODEL PENURUNAN TEKANAN PADA PLTP AREA LAHENDONG UNIT 5 & 6". Charm Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 2, nr 1 (22.02.2021): 65–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/charmsains.v2i1.82.
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Geothermal production in steam turbines must pay attention to the quality of the incoming steam because if their steam is condensed it will affect the effectiveness of the turbine, so the purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of condensation in the pipe steam flow. The method used in this research is descriptive, where each parameter measurement is calculated using Microsoft Office Excel programming steam prog and using the Harrison and Friston equation which calculates per segment of pipe length (3 m) and calculates the vapor fraction (x) and pipe length in a graph which determines the final result of this study. The graph results between the vapor fraction and the length of the pipe show that the vapor fraction value along the steam pipe continues to increase until 0.9997 (99.98%) almost becomes 1 (100%) meaning that there is no condensation in the steam pipe from the separator to the scrubber.
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Nikmah, A., R. Amalia i D. Satrio. "Analysis of the Effect of Bend Angle Outlet Main Steam Line on the Steam Flow Characteristic". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012064.
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Abstract Pressure drop is one of the problems that can occur due to bend components in the piping system. To minimize the pressure drop, modification of the bend pipe component was made at the bend outlet of the main steam line. In this study, an analysis of the effect of the bend angle on the pressure drop was carried out on the pressure and velocity steam distribution. The angle variations used are 30°, 45°, and 60° with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method simulated by CFD software. The simulation results show that the lower the angle of curvature of the pipe, the lower the pressure drop and the lowest pressure drop is obtained in the 30° bend domain of 26.2 kPa. The pressure distribution pattern shows that the pressure value will increase from the inner wall to the outer wall. The greater the bend pipe angle, the greater the possibility of flow separation and pressure drop value. The velocity distribution pattern shows that the flow velocity becomes non-uniform after passing through the bend pipe. The greater the bend angle, the sharper the flow direction so that the time taken is longer. In addition, the greater the bend pipe angle, the greater the flow stagnation.
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Filonenko, V. "Steam pipe diameter: heat energy aspect". Scientific Works of National University of Food Technologies 28, nr 2 (kwiecień 2022): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24263/2225-2924-2022-28-2-8.
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Husaini, Nurdin Ali, Teuku Edisah Putra, Faleri Armia i Akhyar. "Study on Fracture Failures of the Super Heater Water Pipe Boiler". Defect and Diffusion Forum 402 (lipiec 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.402.20.
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The purpose of this study was to analyse the failure of the super heater pipe of the Heat Recovery Steam Boiler Generator (HRSG), which had broken. Investigations are carried out in several stages. First of all, the microstructure of the pipe was observed using an Optic Olympus GX71 Microscope and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to observe the fracture surface to find the initial crack. Thereafter, chemical composition testing, to determine the type of material used in the super heater pipe. The presence of deformation by creep was due to overheating seen on the super heater pipes. Moreover, It was due to operating at elevated temperatures and pressures with long operating times. This condition caused the thickness of the pipe to thin so that it would break due to crack propagation which penetrated the wall of the pipe until breaking as the material was no longer able to withstand the steam pressure inside the pipe. Obviously that this condition indicates that the crack propagation occurred until final failure.
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Zhao, Yong Feng, Hong Sheng Cai, Liang Wei Wang, Jin Feng Geng, Dong Fang Ma, Yu Jing Niu i Yong Cheng Liu. "Properties of P91 Steel Steam Conduit Pipe with Low Hardness in a 600 MW Power Plant". Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (styczeń 2014): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1293.
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The hardness of P91 for HP loop pipes was lower than required in standard in a power plant which has run for about 35,000 hours. The experiments about Metallographic and conventional mechanical properties were done in this paper. The results show that the metallographic of P91 with low hardness was abnormal, creep damage was not found, and mechanical properties were poor.So the HP loop pipe with low hardness cant continue to be used safely.After re-heat treatment for HP loop pipe with low hardness,the results about metallographic and mechanical tests show that the performance of the pipe is good,and can continue to be used.
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Xu, Xue Xia, Yan Ting Feng, Yong Wang, Hao Ke, Xiao Guang Niu i Xiao Jun Hao. "Failure Analysis on Boiler Industrial Extraction Steam Pipe". Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (sierpień 2013): 2160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2160.
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Failure reason of boiler extraction steam pipe was discussed by means of macro-observation, chemical composition analysis, metallurgical and SEM microstructure examination and EDS analysis. Results showed that the crack initiated from original corrosion flaw on outer wall of the extraction pipe, propagated rapidly under large pressure caused by water-hammer due to no drainage design in the unit pipe system until final bursting.
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Viswanathan, R., R. Dooley i A. Saxena. "A Methodology for Evaluating the Integrity of Longitudinally Seam-Welded Steam Pipes in Fossil Plants". Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 110, nr 3 (1.08.1988): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3265601.
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Two recent catastrophic failures of steam pipes have generated great concern about the integrity of steam pipes in fossil power plants. In the wake of these failures, extensive pipe inspections have been carried out by utilities. Numerous flaws have been found, but the methodologies for disposition of flawed piping have varied widely. The failure scenario has emerged to be one involving creep crack growth of preexisting flaws located at the weld fusion line. The crack growth susceptibility itself has been found to be a function of the metallurgical condition of the steel. Based on creep damage initiation and crack growth methodologies developed by Electric Power Research Institute under a variety of projects, an overall approach to assessing pipe integrity and for determining inspection intervals has been constructed. This paper will report on the details of this approach.
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Radaev, S. "Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Heat Pipes in a One-Dimensional Formulation when Cooling Active Phased Antenna Arrays". International Journal of Mechanics 15 (10.09.2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9104.2021.15.23.
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The work proposes test one-dimensional models of heat and mass transfer in heat pipes during cooling of active phased antenna arrays, which can be used in processing the test results of flat heat pipes in order to determine their performance characteristics and identify the parameters required for modeling in a more complex setting (for example, in flat and taking into account the presence of several localized sources of heat supply). To take into account the influence of the heat release power on the equilibrium temperature inside the heat pipe, the model has been added to take into account the dependence of the steam saturation temperature on the pressure, which is realized inside the steam pipeline when the heat pipe is heated. Numerous calculations carried out made it possible to refine the mathematical model. In particular, a significant effect on the temperature distribution along the heat pipe is shown, taking into account the dependence of the steam saturation temperature on the pressure in the parawire. It is shown that the introduction of standard functions for the characteristics of the coolant (water) in the liquid and vapor state, as well as taking into account the capillary pressure on temperature, makes it possible to refine the resulting solution.
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Gu, Zhi Pan, Yuan Hai Jiang, Xiang Jiang Zhou, Jing Liu i Xiao Yan Wu. "The Research on New Utilization Technology of Waste Steam from Autoclave Kettle". Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (czerwiec 2014): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.710.
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This paper has studied using steam injector to recycle waste steam emission from autoclave kettle and it will produce great economic benefits and environmental benefits. Autoclave kettle which is a kind of resistance to high temperature high pressure steam curing equipment, and it’s mainly used for pipe pile, lime-sand brick and aerated concrete production. We will get more technical and economic benefits, if the research results can be popularized and applied in the national building materials products production.
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Li, Yanfeng, Jingru Liu i Guohe Huang. "Pressure Drop Optimization of the Main Steam and Reheat Steam System of a 1000 MW Secondary Reheat Unit". Energies 15, nr 9 (29.04.2022): 3279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093279.
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The pressure drop of a main steam and reheat steam system should be optimized during the design and operation of a thermal power plant to minimize operation costs. In this study, the pressure drop of the main steam pipe and reheat steam pipe of a 1000 MW secondary reheat unit are optimized by modulating the operation parameters and the cost of operation is explored. Optimal pipe specifications were achieved by selecting a bend pipe and optimizing the pipe specifications. The pressure loss of the main steam pipeline was optimized to 2.61% compared with the conventional pressure drop (5%), the heat consumption of steam turbine was reduced by about 0.63 kJ/(kW·h), the standard coal consumption was minimized by about 0.024 g/(kW·h), and the total income in 20 years is approximated to be CNY 217,700. The primary reheat system was optimized to 4.88%, the steam turbine heat consumption was reduced by about 7.13 kJ/(kW·h), the standard coal consumption decreased by about 0.276 g/(kW·h), and the total income in 20 years is projected to be CNY 20.872 million after the optimization of the pressure drop. The secondary reheat system was optimized to 8.13%, the steam turbine heat consumption was reduced by about 7.86 kJ/(kW·h), the standard coal consumption decreased by about 0.304 g/(kW·h), and the total income in 20 years is projected to be CNY 22.7232 million after the optimization of the pressure drop. The research results of the present study provide a guide for the design and operation of secondary reheat units to achieve an effective operation and minimize costs.
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Hasan, Andi Rinaldi. "ANALISA KEGAGALAN MATERIAL SA-210C PADA APLIKASI BOILER STEAM PIPE". Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics 3, nr 1 (18.01.2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/jmem.v3i1.533.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of pipe failure in super saturated area boilers. The research method begins with the collection of chronological data on material failure, operating data collection and material sampling. After material sampling is carried out, photos of failed material are subsequently carried out, thickness measurements, hardness testing, metallographic testing and internal pipe pressure calculations. The results showed that the outside of the pipe had erosion corrosion due to a reduction in thickness of the pipe, especially location 1. Thickening was caused by high pressure auxiliary steam bursts from the sootblower equipment which lasted for a long time at the pipe surface, resulting in Fe + O FeO reaction. FeO formed at the beginning will be released due to high-pressure auxiliary steam bursts and at the same time the auxiliary steam burst reacts chemically again to form FeO. Because of the repeated processes, the pipe thickness slowly decreases. As a result of the depletion, the pipe reaches a critical value so it is unable to withstand the pressure from the pipe and eventually fails. The failure factor, supported by some data on boiler water quality and continuous operating pressure from sootblower that affect erosion corrosion. Changes in microstructure also affect the decrease in hardness in the material which can be seen from the size and shape of the grain.
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Wang, Chun Qing, Cai Xia Bian i Di Wang. "Simulate Design of Direct Air Cooling Exhausted Duct System for 1000MW Super-Critical Thermal Power Unit". Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (luty 2014): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.180.
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Balancing flow distribution and decreasing the pressure drop in each vapor distributing pipe are the importance of the study of exhaust pipe of direct air cooling power unit.In order to balance flow distribution and decreasing the pressure drop in each vapor distributing pipe,and simulate the flow field when add different chamfer on the back of exhausted pipe or not ,then using the CFD software called FLUENT,the steam flow field of exhausted pipe for a 1000 MW power unit with direct air cooling is stimulated under typical steam turbine conditions.The result shows that the steam flows through each distribution pipe with balanced flow under the condition of chamfer angle of 30 °and the flow resistance is much lower than before．
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杨, 楠. "The Discussion of Industrial Steam Pipe Purging". Hans Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology 05, nr 06 (2015): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2015.56016.
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Jaske, C. E. "Life Assessment of Hot Reheat Steam Pipe". Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 112, nr 1 (1.02.1990): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928581.
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A methodology for assessing the remaining life of hot reheat steam pipe with longitudinal flaws, such as those typically associated with the longitudinal seam welds, has been developed. The approach uses three levels of analysis. Level 1 employs handbook data, assumed flaw sizes, and design parameters. Level 2 employs handbook data, assumed flaw sizes, and actual operating parameters. Level 3 is tailored to a specific case and uses measured data, inspection results, and actual operating parameters. A computer code was developed to apply this approach to hot reheat steam pipe of 2-1/4Cr-1Mo and 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo-Si steel. Using data from an EPRI survey (RP2596-7), the results of Level 1 analysis were found to predict the potential for creep damage and fracture and to correlate well with past experience, whereas the traditional lower-bound Larson-Miller approach was generally overly optimistic in predicting remaining service life. The approach predicts creep-crack-growth life and assesses the potential of rapid, unstable fracture occurring before a significant amount of leaking takes place. The usefulness of the methodology is illustrated by means of example analyses of a typical cases that might be expected in service. The parameters that were varied in these analyses include type of material (base metal or weld metal), pressure, temperature, pipe wall thickness, and initial flaw size. The approach provides a preliminary tool to help make inspection, operating, and replacement decisions; but additional work is required to validate it as a general tool.
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Li, Shi Tao, Hong Sheng Cai i Jing Yang. "Application of Ultrasonic Guided Wave Method for Flaw Detection in Coal-Fired Power Plants". Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (luty 2012): 2590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2590.
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Ultrasonic guided wave method used for detection of cracks in the desuperheater header and main steam pipes of boiler in power plants has been reported. The dispersion curves of the guided wave for the main steam pipe were calculated and the wave modes used for the detection of notches were verified experimentally. One defect was found at the welded joint of the low temperature pipe on the furnace side. The time of flight diffraction (TOFD) was also carried out to verify the experimental results. The length, depth and height of the defect are 1200 mm, 18.9 mm and 5.5 mm, respectively. And one circular crack was found inside of the desuperheater header.
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Liu, Xin, Yanming Zhang, Qun Liu, Xu Sun, Yu Wang i Liye Zhao. "Analysis of abnormal expansion of pipe system and optimization of structural stress in 350MW unit". E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102073.
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A 350MW power plant main steam and reheat hot steam pipe subsidence occurred in part of the pipe section, through field inspection, calculation and checking analysis, combined with pipeline support and hanger adjustment, load testing and elevation measurement and other means, the settlement of the pipe system to optimize the overall stress state of the pipe system. Through the thermal displacement of the pipe system support lifting point, the selection and calculation of the pipe system support hanger and the overall design state stress check of the pipe system, the design state is basically consistent with the check state. Through to the key node load tests have shown that small spring hanger selection is the primary cause of section settling, combined with the spring adjustment space and calculation results are part of the hanger. Finally, the settlement of pipeline is realized, main steam pipe at the same time a stress and secondary stress were achieved about 15% of the decline, piping stress has been further optimized.
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Nemec, Patrik, Alexander Čaja i Richard Lenhard. "Visualization of heat transport in heat pipes using thermocamera". Archives of Thermodynamics 31, nr 4 (1.10.2010): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0033-6.
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Visualization of heat transport in heat pipes using thermocamera Heat pipes, as passive elements show a high level of reliability when taking heat away and they can take away heat flows having a significantly higher density than systems with forced convection. A heat pipe is a hermetically closed duct, filled with working fluid. Transport of heat in heat pipes is procured by the change of state of the working fluid from liquid state to steam and vice versa and depends on the hydrodynamic and heat processes in the pipe. This study have been focused on observing the impact these processes have on the heat process, the transport of heat within the heat pipe with the help of thermovision. The experiment is oriented at scanning the changes in the surface temperatures of the basic structural types of capillary heat pipes in vertical position.
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Desideri, U., i F. Di Maria. "Power pipe: An algorithm for analysis for single-phase, steady state, pipe networks with second-degree boundary conditions". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 215, nr 4 (1.06.2001): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650011538659.
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In this paper, an algorithm is described for the resolution of pipe networks with input and output conditions defined by pressure-flowrate correlations. The procedure and the main characteristics of the software are described. The method is particularly suited for solving pipe networks with boundary conditions defined by pressure-flowrate second-degree curves and during off-design operation. The code works with single-phase compressible and incompressible flow and a variety of fluids, including steam-gas mixtures. Heat transfer is also calculated for pipe elements and controls for steam condensation in steam or steam-gas networks are present. An application to a geothermal steam network power plant is included with comparison with experimental data.
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Pekařová, Lenla, i Zdeněk Kuboň. "Material Degradation of Steam Pipe Elbow after Long-Term Exposure". Key Engineering Materials 647 (maj 2015): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.647.162.
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Routine non-destructive examination of the steam pipe elbow after more than 240 000 hours of operation at elevated temperature revealed the extensive creep damage on the outer surface of the pipe elbow. Complex metallographic analysis made in this area confirmed creep damage as well as the non-uniform nature of the cavitation. The density of cavities continuously decreased from the outer pipe surface towards the inner surface, but also its density rapidly waned beyond the damaged area in both directions, along the circumference as well as the length of the elbow. The actual extent of the material degradation was then evaluated by testing of mechanical properties, Charpy-V and fracture toughness testing and the results were used in calculation of the residual life of the pipe elbow. It was shown that although the creep damage was perhaps one of the worst detected in Czech Republic, the cracks in the pipe elbow would spread by the stable growth until the half of the pipe wall thickness. This result thus confirms the possibility of creep life extension far beyond the limit criteria used so far.
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Baum, M. R. "Branch Line Pipewhip Following Rupture at the Junction with the Main Pipe". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 208, nr 2 (maj 1994): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_019_02.
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There are many cases on power plant where large-diameter pipes containing high-pressure gas or steam have branch connections of a much smaller diameter. Frequently branch lines contain a closed valve. Here pipe rupture adjacent to the main pipe means that the section of pipe on the valve side of the break is subject to a transient thrust as the limited quantity of fluid between the closed valve and the open end is expelled. This section of pipe may also experience a force exerted by the impingement of the jet emerging from the main pipe. This paper considers the resulting pipewhip motion. The relative significance of the thrust resulting from the expulsion of the limited volume of fluid within the pipe and the subsequent jet impingement force are explored. In addition, the extent of the hazard zone and the peak kinetic energy of the pipe are determined.
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Kelemen, Michal. "MACHINE MOTION OPTIMIZATION". TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, nr 3(13) (2018): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-3(13)-82-88.
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Urgency of the research. Inspection of pipe systems are needed, because of prevention of damages and disasters. Also repairing and cleaning can be done without any earth works. Target setting. Pipe machine is suitable to move inside gas pipe, water gas, oil gas, waste water pipes, chemical pipes, steam generator pipes, boiler pipes etc. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Wheeled or tracked machines are currently used for motion inside pipes. Wheeled type tends to slipping when wall is dirty or rudiments are exposed on inner side of pipe wall. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The question of the design of adaptable pipe machines are uninvesti-gated, because the next research will be focused to this are. The research objective. The main aim is to optimize structure of machine for improving the overall properties as motion velocity and traction force. Cary items are bristles, which has any structural and material properties. The statement of basic materials. Montage angle and initial displacement and also bristle length can be identified for set-ting the machine. Bristles are placed at angle on machine body in two groups (front and back). Linear actuator is placed between these groups of bristles. Periodical actuator stroke generates forward motion inside pipe. Conclusions. Phenomenon of friction difference is a key factor for motion of machine inside pipe. Beside of it, a contact phenomenon between bristles and pipe wall is important for analysis in design process of this machine. Real bristles have a limitation of their deflection. In every case, deformation should be in flexible area of loading. These bristles flexibility is used as device for compensation of pipe wall irregularities during the machine motion inside pipe.
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Oh, Sunhee, Jeachul Jang, Chongpyo Cho, Yong Tae Kang i Seong-Ryong Park. "A Study on a Steam Distribution Technology for use in Hydrogen Production and Power Generation". Academic Perspective Procedia 1, nr 1 (9.11.2018): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.57.
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The high-temperature steam is used in the fields of industrial, residential, and commercial. Especially, in case of high-temperature steam, it can be used to produce hydrogen and likewise it can be used to generate electricity in the field of power generation. However, the steam condition for producing hydrogen and the steam condition for producing electricity are different, it is considerably important to distribute the high-temperature steam in condition satisfying each demand. Moreover, the required pressure and the pressure loss of a steam distributor at the load side should be considered. Therefore, In this study, the numerical simulation using ANSYS fluent was performed by dividing into pipe A(4,000kPa at use of power generation system) and pipe B(300kPa at use of hydrogen production). In addition, it was simulated according to the variation of diameter of pipe B(20mm - 30mm) for analysis of a steam distribution techology. The pressure outlet that can be used in hydrogen production was about 300kPa approximately when the diameter of pipe B was 20mm. As a result, the distribution technology that is used hydrogen production and in the power generation system was obtained through numerical simulation in proposed condition.
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Choi, Woosung, i Jihoon Han. "Health-Monitoring Methodology for High-Temperature Steam Pipes of Power Plants Using Real-Time Displacement Data". Applied Sciences 11, nr 5 (4.03.2021): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052256.
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We developed a health-monitoring methodology for high-temperature steam pipes that estimated the life prediction of creep–fatigue interaction by directly measuring the displacement of hot parts. Three different methods (boiler code, design stress, and operating stress) were used to estimate the stress of the high-temperature pipe system. As a theoretical approach, the German boiler standard code calculates the stress according to the pipe shape, while design stress, which is also called allowable stress, was determined by a function of the operating temperature. The operating stress was immediately calculated using the surrogate model, with maximum displacement measured using the 3D displacement measurement system. To achieve the surrogate model, the stress was estimated by the pipe-stress analysis under the given displacements, and the surface-response model was developed to relate the stress and displacement. We showed that those methods are efficient methods to predict the stress and are applicable in health-monitoring methodology. Finally, the creep life and the low-cycle fatigue life were investigated using the Larson–Miller parameter equation, as well as the Smith, Hirschberg, and Manson equations. Our proposed monitoring system can be used to predict the fatigue and creep life of high-temperature steam pipes in real time, and we believe that the system can be applied to actual maintenance in thermal power plants.
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Wang, Yipu, Zhengtao Tu i Linyang Yuan. "Analysis of thermal energy storage optimization of thermal insulation material and thermal insulation structure of steam pipe-line". Thermal Science 24, nr 5 Part B (2020): 3249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191126116w.
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In order to improve the steam pipe insulation material joints, waterproof, and other shortcomings, and provide a good design scheme for the insulation structure optimization, a gel heat preservation material was prepared through hydration hardening theory. Firstly, the preparation of thermal insulation material for steam pipe and the optimal design of thermal insulation structure was introduced. Then the performance of the insulation material of the steam pipe was evaluated. Finally, the stability and energy benefit of the thermal insulation structure were evaluated. The results show that the new gel thermal insulation material prepared in this research has good thermal insulation effect and good waterproof performance. In the stability evaluation of the thermal insulation structure of the steam pipe, it can be concluded that hard thermal insulation materials should be selected in the selection of thermal insulation materials. Its insulation effect is better than soft insulation material. In the thermal energy storage optimization of the thermal insulation structure, when the inner layer of the thermal insulation structure adopts 10 mm aerogel and the outer layer adopts 50 mm gel thermal insulation material, it is the optimal thermal insulation structure. The study has a good guiding effect on the economic benefit of steam pipe insulation structure.
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Gawde, Amol Devidas, i Pradyumna R. Dhamangaonkar. "Design and Development of Online Steam Dryness Fraction Measurement Setup". Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (lipiec 2014): 1472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1472.
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The aim of study is to develop highly reliable and less time consuming steam dryness fraction measuring experimental setup. This method of dryness fraction measurement is based on throttling process which is obtained by using orifice plate. Calculation of orifice diameter was done by using ISO 5167 for given pressure drop. This paper deals with the conceptual design of orifice in a steam pipe line. The objective of the conceptual design is to obtain throttling process. Three parameters are chosen for the conceptual design: the diameter of the orifice, the aspect ratio between length and diameter and the entrance angle to the orifice. This work also deals with validation of calculated orifice diameter through CFD simulation for pressure drop in pipe line. To simulate the throttling process, the inlet condition of the orifice upstream flow is fixed at 10 bar and 180°C. The temperature and pressure is measured at the outlet of the orifice while steam is flowing through the pipe. An orifice diameter of 11.00mm is selected as the optimal value to keep throttling process. The resulting optimal orifice design will be used in steam pipe line.
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Yang, Zhenjie, Xiaochan Wang i Muhammad Ameen. "Influence of the Spacing of Steam-Injecting Pipes on the Energy Consumption and Soil Temperature Field for Clay-Loam Disinfection". Energies 12, nr 17 (21.08.2019): 3209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173209.
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Soil steam disinfection (SSD) technology is one of the effective means to eliminate soil-borne diseases, especially under the condition of clay-loam soil cultivation for facility agriculture in Yangtze River delta (China). With the fine particles, small pores and high density of the soil, the way of steam transport and heat transfer are quite different from those of other cultivation mediums, and when using SSD injection method, the diffusion of steam between pipes will be affected, inhibiting the heat transfer in the dense soil. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influence of steam pipe spacing (SPS) on the energy consumption and soil temperature (ST) for clay-loam disinfection. The best results are to find a suitable SPS that satisfies the inter-tube steam that can be gathered together evenly without being lost to the air under limited boiler heating capacity. To this purpose, we first used a computational fluid dynamics model to calculate the effective SPS to inject steam into deep soil. Second, the ST, ST rise rate, ST coefficient of variation, and soil water content variation among different treatments (12, 18, 24, or 30 cm pipe spacing) were analysed. Finally, the heating efficiency of all treatments depending on the disinfection time ratio and relative energy consumption was evaluated. The result shows that in the clay-loam unique to Southern China, the elliptical shape of the high-temperature region obtained from the numerical simulation was basically consistent with the experiment results, and the ratios of short diameter to long diameter were 0.65 and 0.63, respectively. In the SPS = 12 and 18 cm treatments, the steam completely diffused at a 0–20 cm soil layer depth, and the heat transfer was convective. However, at an SPS = 12 cm, steam accumulation occurred at the steam pipe holes, causing excessive accumulation of steam heat. The relative energy consumptions for SPS = 30, 24, and 12 cm were above 2.18 kJ/(kg·°C), and the disinfection time ratio was below 0.8. Thus, under a two-pipe flow rate = 4–8 kg/h, the inter-tube steam was found to be completely concentrated with a uniform continuous high temperature distribution within the soil for an appropriate SPS = 18–22 cm, avoiding the unnecessary loss of steam heat, and this method can be considered for static and moving disinfection operations in the cultivated layer (−20–0 cm) of clay loam soil. However, for soil with higher clay contents, the SPS can be appropriately reduced to less than 18 cm. For soil with lower clay contents and higher sand contents, the SPS can be increased to more than 22 cm.
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Komarudin, Udin, Iftika Philo, Nia Nuraeni i Nissa Syifa Puspani. "Pipe Stress and Turbine Nozzle Load Analysis for HP Steam Inlet and MP Steam Extraction on Turbine Generator 51G201T Capacity 10MW". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.33 (9.12.2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.33.23562.
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Thermal pipe expansion on the turbine greatly affects the performance of the turbine, mainly produces misalignment in turbines. The stress analysis on the pipe and the load on the nozzle is very important to ensure that the stress that occurs is still safe and the load that occurs on the nozzle is still below the allowable load. Field information is known, Steam type of 51-G-201-T, capacity 10 MW, total weighs 58 tons, weight casing 37 tons, which has been operating since July 1989, has been occur misalignment on turbines. Stress pipe and load analysis of turbine nozzles on the turbine using software (Autopipe V8i Select Series 3 Edition by Bentley). In this perspective, calculation methodologies were developed in order to do quick analysis of the most common configurations, according to the codes ASME B31.1 (Piping Power). The results of the pipe stress analysis showed that the maximum sustained stress ratio occurred at point A39 (0.32), maximum displacement stress ratio at point A39 (0.97) and maximum hoop stress ratio at point A09 (0.44), all values below 1. This shows that the stress is still safe. The result of load analysis on the turbine casing is the direction x = -880 kg, y = 6246.4kg, z = -3697.7kg, smaller than the weight of the 37 tones turbine casing, so misalignment is not caused by shifting the turbine casing.
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Dobson, R. T. "An Open Oscillatory Heat Pipe Steam-Powered Boat". International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 31, nr 4 (październik 2003): 339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijmee.31.4.5.
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SASAKI, Hiroshi, Tomohito HAYASHI i Shuichi UMEZAWA. "Clamp-on ultrasonic flow measurement for steam pipe". Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2016.21 (2016): D131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2016.21.d131.
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Wales, Christopher, Michael Tierney, Martyn Pavier i Peter EJ Flewitt. "Reducing steam transport pipe temperatures in power plants". Energy 183 (wrzesień 2019): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.059.
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Zhang, Youchen, i Zongbo Jiang. "Reliability Analysis of Main Steam Pipe Containing Defects". Procedia Engineering 43 (2012): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.026.
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Taler, Jan, i Szczepan Lubecki. "Optimization of Steam Pipeline and T-Pipe Heating". Journal of Thermal Stresses 34, nr 10 (październik 2011): 1021–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495739.2011.605931.
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Aiton, J. Arthur. "HIGH-PRESSURE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE STEAM PIPE WORK*". Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 47, nr 3 (18.03.2009): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1935.tb01382.x.
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