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Keller, Nancy P., Coran M. H. Watanabe, Hemant S. Kelkar, Thomas H. Adams i Craig A. Townsend. "Requirement of Monooxygenase-Mediated Steps for Sterigmatocystin Biosynthesis by Aspergillus nidulans". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.1.359-362.2000.
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ABSTRACT Sterigmatocystin (ST) and aflatoxin B1(AFB1) are two polyketide-derived Aspergillusmycotoxins synthesized by functionally identical sets of enzymes. ST, the compound produced by Aspergillus nidulans, is a late intermediate in the AFB1 pathway of A. parasiticus and A. flavus. Previous biochemical studies predicted that five oxygenase steps are required for the formation of ST. A 60-kb ST gene cluster in A. nidulanscontains five genes, stcB, stcF,stcL, stcS, and stcW, encoding putative monooxygenase activities. Prior research showed thatstcL and stcS mutants accumulated versicolorins B and A, respectively. We now show that strains disrupted atstcF, encoding a P-450 monooxygenase similar to A. parasiticus avnA, accumulate averantin. Disruption of either StcB (a putative P-450 monooxygenase) or StcW (a putative flavin-requiring monooxygenase) led to the accumulation of averufin as determined by radiolabeled feeding and extraction studies.
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Ishibashi, Kenichi, i Masashi Imai. "Prospect of a stanniocalcin endocrine/paracrine system in mammals". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 282, nr 3 (1.03.2002): F367—F375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00364.2000.
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Stanniocalcin (STC) is a calcium- and phosphate-regulating hormone produced in bony fish by the corpuscles of Stannius, which are located close to the kidney. It is a major antihypercalcemic hormone in fish. As the corpuscles of Stannius are absent, and antihypercalcemic hormones are basically not necessary, in mammals, the discovery of a mammalian homolog, STC1, was surprising and intriguing. STC1 displays a relatively high amino acid sequence identity (∼50%) with fish STC. In contrast to fish STC, STC1 is expressed in many tissues, including kidney. More recently, a human gene encoding the second stanniocalcin-like protein, STC2, was identified. STC2 has a lower identity (∼35%) with STC1 and fish STC. Similar to STC1, STC2 is also expressed in a variety of tissues. Research into the functions of STCs in mammals is still at an early stage, and the ultimate physiological and pathological roles of STCs have not yet been established. A few studies indicate that STC1, similar to fish STC, stimulates phosphate absorption in the kidney and intestine, but the function of STC2 is still unknown. However, several interesting findings have been reported on their cellular localization, gene structure, and expression in different physiological and pathological conditions, which will be clues in elucidating the functions of STCs in mammals. STC1 expression is enhanced by hypertonicity in a kidney cell line or by ischemic injuries and neural differentiation in the brain. STC1 expression in the ovary is also enhanced during pregnancy and lactation. Calcitriol upregulates STC1 and downregulates STC2 expression in the kidney. Interestingly, STC1 and STC2 are expressed in many tumor cell lines, and the expression of STC2 is enhanced by estradiol in breast cancer cells. STC2 is also expressed in pancreatic islets. These results suggest that the biological repertoires of STCs in mammals will be considerably larger than in fish and may not be limited to mineral metabolism. This brief review describes recent progress in mammalian STC research.
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Lerner, Lerner Arévalo, Palloma Oliveira, Salenilda Soares Firmino, Angelita Alecchandra Ribeiro, Betina Raquel Cunha dos Santos, Dayana Souza Amorim, Salvador Gonzalez Chacón i Luciane da Cunha Codognoto. "Parâmetros bromatológicos e fermentativos da silagem de capim elefante aditivado com subproduto de cupuaçu". Research, Society and Development 9, nr 9 (1.09.2020): e630997665. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7665.
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O uso de silagens de forrageiras tropicais é mais uma alternativa para minimizar a escassez de forragem no período seco, dentre as forrageiras que podem ser adotadas o capim elefante merece destaque. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos bromatológicos e qualidade fermentativa de silagem de capim elefante aditivada com torta de semente de cupuaçu. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, denominados de: SCE= 100% silagem de capim elefante puro; STC20 = silagem 80% capim elefante + 20% de torta de cupuaçu; STC40 = silagem 60% capim elefante + 40% de torta de semente de cupuaçu; STC60 = silagem 40%capim elefante + 60% de torta de semente de cupuaçu e STC80 = silagem 20% capim elefante + 80% de torta de semente de cupuaçu. Foram utilizados silos de PVC com 50 cm de comprimento, 10 cm de diâmetro e capacidade de 3,5kg, após 60 dias de fermentação os silos foram abertos, pesados novamente, homogeneizadas e retiradas amostras para determinar os teores de: MS, PB, FDN, FDA, MM, EE, CEL, HEM, LIG, MM, NDT, PMS, PE, PG e pH da silagem. Em termos de composição bromatológicas a silagem STC80 foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados, além de diminuir as perdas de MS, as perdas por efluentes e por gases. Portanto, recomenda-se a inclusão de 80% da torta de semente de cupuaçu na silagem com capim elefante, por melhorar o perfil fermentativo e a composição bromatológica da silagem.
Palavras-chave: Conservação; Períodos críticos; Forragens; Pennisetum purpureum; Estratégias.
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Chang, Andy C. M., Jeff Hook, Frances A. Lemckert, Michelle M. McDonald, Mai-Anh T. Nguyen, Edna C. Hardeman, David G. Little, Peter W. Gunning i Roger R. Reddel. "The Murine Stanniocalcin 2 Gene Is a Negative Regulator of Postnatal Growth". Endocrinology 149, nr 5 (7.02.2008): 2403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1219.
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Stanniocalcin (STC), a secreted glycoprotein, was first studied in fish as a classical hormone with a role in regulating serum calcium levels. There are two closely related proteins in mammals, STC1 and STC2, with functions that are currently unclear. Both proteins are expressed in numerous mammalian tissues rather than being secreted from a specific endocrine gland. No phenotype has been detected yet in Stc1-null mice, and to investigate whether Stc2 could have compensated for the loss of Stc1, we have now generated Stc2−/− and Stc1−/−Stc2−/− mice. Although Stc1 is expressed in the ovary and lactating mouse mammary glands, like the Stc1−/− mice, the Stc1−/−Stc2−/− mice had no detected decrease in fertility, fecundity, or weight gain up until weaning. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were normal in Stc1−/−Stc2−/− mice, indicating it is unlikely that the mammalian stanniocalcins have a major physiological role in mineral homeostasis. Mice with Stc2 deleted were 10–15% larger and grew at a faster rate than wild-type mice from 4 wk onward, and the Stc1−/−Stc2−/− mice had a similar growth phenotype. This effect was not mediated through the GH/IGF-I axis. The results are consistent with STC2 being a negative regulator of postnatal growth.
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JELLINEK, Derek A., Andy C. CHANG, Martin R. LARSEN, Xin WANG, Phillip J. ROBINSON i Roger R. REDDEL. "Stanniocalcin 1 and 2 are secreted as phosphoproteins from human fibrosarcoma cells". Biochemical Journal 350, nr 2 (23.08.2000): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3500453.
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Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) are two recently identified mammalian peptide hormones. STC1 plays a role in calcium and phosphate homoeostasis, while the role of STC2 is unknown. We examined a human fibrosarcoma cell line, HT1080, that has high steady-state STC1 and STC2 mRNA levels, to determine whether these proteins are secreted. Following incubation of HT1080 cells with 32P, labelled STC1 and STC2 were found to be secreted into the medium. STC1 was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C (PKC). In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation both occurred exclusively on serine and the phosphopeptide maps were similar, suggesting that PKC might be the in vivo kinase. STC2 was phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase II (CK2), in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation were exclusively on serine and the phosphopeptide maps were indistinguishable. Phosphorylation of STC2 in intact cells resulted from the action of an ecto-protein kinase, since exogenous STC2 was phosphorylated by HT1080 cells and no phosphorylated STC2 was detectable inside the cells. The ectokinase activity was abolished by heparin and GTP could substitute for ATP as the phosphate donor, indicative of an ecto-CK2-like activity. The in vitro CK2 phosphorylation site was shown by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of-flight MS to be a single serine located between Ser-285 and Ser-298 in the C-terminal region of STC2. This is the first report of the secretion of STC1 or STC2 from mammalian cells. We conclude that these human fibrosarcoma cells express both STC1 and STC2 as secreted phosphoproteins in vivo, with STC2 being phosphorylated by an ecto-CK2-like enzyme.
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Naguib, Doaa, Nausicaa Gantois, Jeremy Desramaut, Ruben Garcia Dominguez, Nagah Arafat, Samar Magdy Atwa, Gaël Even i in. "Large-Scale Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Blastocystis sp. among Herbivores in Egypt and Assessment of Potential Zoonotic Risk". Microorganisms 12, nr 7 (25.06.2024): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071286.
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Given the proven zoonotic potential of the intestinal protozoan Blastocystis sp., a fast-growing number of surveys are being conducted to identify potential animal reservoirs for transmission of the parasite. Nevertheless, few epidemiological studies have been conducted on farmed animals in Egypt. Therefore, a total of 1089 fecal samples were collected from herbivores (sheep, goats, camels, horses, and rabbits) in six Egyptian governorates (Dakahlia, Gharbia, Kafr El Sheikh, Giza, Aswan, and Sharqia). Samples were screened for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time PCR followed by sequencing of positive PCR products and phylogenetic analysis for subtyping of the isolates. Overall, Blastocystis sp. was identified in 37.6% of the samples, with significant differences in frequency between animal groups (sheep, 65.5%; camels, 62.2%; goats, 36.0%; rabbits, 10.1%; horses, 3.3%). Mixed infections were reported in 35.7% of the Blastocystis sp.-positive samples. A wide range of subtypes (STs) with varying frequency were identified from single infections in ruminants including sheep (ST1–ST3, ST5, ST10, ST14, ST21, ST24, ST26, and ST40), goats (ST1, ST3, ST5, ST10, ST26, ST40, ST43, and ST44), and camels (ST3, ST10, ST21, ST24–ST26, ST30, and ST44). Most of them overlapped across these animal groups, highlighting their adaptation to ruminant hosts. In other herbivores, only three and two STs were evidenced in rabbits (ST1–ST3) and horses (ST3 and ST44), respectively. The greater occurrence and wider genetic diversity of parasite isolates among ruminants, in contrast to other herbivores, strongly suggested that dietary habits likely played a significant role in influencing both the colonization rates of Blastocystis sp. and ST preference. Of all the isolates subtyped herein, 66.3% were reported as potentially zoonotic, emphasizing the significant role these animal groups may play in transmitting the parasite to humans. These findings also expand our knowledge on the prevalence, genetic diversity, host specificity, and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in herbivores.
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Madhupreethi, B., T. Kalaiselvi, N. Chandrasekaran, R. Poorniammal i L. Arul. "Halotolerant Plant Probiotic Bacterial Isolates of Mangrove Soils of Chidambaram and Thanjavur, India". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, nr 19 (9.09.2023): 1812–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193732.
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Halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (HTPGPR) are beneficial microbes that can be exploited to mitigate the negative effects of soil salinity on crops. In the current investigation, eight saline soil samples collected from 2 mangrove ecosystems of Tamil Nadu (Chidambaram and Thanjavur) during December 2022 were used to isolate saline tolerant bacterial cultures at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Using 5 different bacterial growth media, 48 rhizobacterial isolates (ST1 to ST48) were obtained. Salt tolerance ability (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% NaCl) of these 48 isolates under in vitro conditions indicated their potential to tolerate up to 10% NaCl (1.71 M). None of the isolates could grow at 20% NaCl (3.42M). Bacterial isolates such as ST11, ST13, ST18, ST20 and ST27 showed minimum growth at 15%NaCl (2.57M). 33 isolates which could grow well at higher salt concentrations were selected. Among 33 isolates, 18 isolates with higher concentration of intracellular sodium content (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST7, ST8, ST9, ST11, ST12, ST13, ST17, ST18, ST20, ST27, ST30, ST32, ST34, ST39, and ST40) were selected and characterized qualitatively for their ability to mineralize phosphate, potassium, and zinc, and to produce HCN. Potential of these18 bacterial isolates to tolerate other abiotic stress factors such as pH and temperature was also studied. Among 18 isolates, the isolates ST7, ST17, and ST30 were found to be multimineral solubilizers. Bacterial isolate ST17 was found to prefer alkaline (pH 9.0) and mesophilic temperature (35ºC) for its growth at both saline (5% NaCl) and non saline condition.
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Raulic, Sanda, Yudith Ramos-Valdes i Gabriel E. DiMattia. "Stanniocalcin 2 expression is regulated by hormone signalling and negatively affects breast cancer cell viability in vitro". Journal of Endocrinology 197, nr 3 (27.03.2008): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0043.
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Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and STC2 are secreted, homodimeric glycoproteins that share 30% amino acid sequence identity. Breast tumour gene profiling studies have demonstrated significantly upregulated STC2 expression in hormone-responsive positive breast tumours; therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate STC2 hormonal regulation and function in breast cancer cells. Here we report that STC2 is expressed in a number of human breast cancer cell lines, regardless of their oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) receptor status, and its expression is readily detectable in human and mouse mammary gland tumours. Besides E2, retinoic acid (RA) and P4 play an important role in the regulation of STC2 expression, not only in MCF-7 but also in other breast cancer and non-breast cell lines. The expression of the related hormone, STC1, is not affected by the above hormones in breast and endometrial cancer cell lines implying a fundamental difference in regulation in cancer cell lines. The induction of STC2 expression by E2 and RA occurs at the transcriptional level but through intermediary transcription factors. The STC2 proximal promoter region is not responsible for hormonal induction, but exhibits a high basal transcriptional activity. Constitutive STC2 expression in human breast cancer cell lines resulted in significant impairment of cell growth, migration and cell viability after serum withdrawal. In conclusion, STC2 is a downstream target of E2, P4 and RA signalling pathways. In hormone receptor negative cell lines it can function in a paracrine/autocrine fashion to reduce cell proliferation.
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Teixeira Junior, Donizeti, Regis Luis Missio, Mariana Paula Rossi Sforcini, Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira, Viviane Borba Ferrari i Rafael Ferreira Santos. "Productive performance of dairy cows fed with hydrolyzed sugarcane". Ciência Rural 45, nr 10 (październik 2015): 1848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131605.
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This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of dairy cows fed with sugarcane treated with 5g kg-1 of calcium oxide (CaO) or hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. Eight Holstein cows with 638.01±12.52kg of body weight and milk yield of 20.32±1.5kg d-1 were randomly assigned into two 4x4 Latin squares, fed with the following diets composed of corn silage (CS), fresh sugarcane (FS), sugarcane treated with calcium oxide (STCO) or calcium hydroxide (STCH) as only forage. Data collection lasted five days, after 15 days of adaptation to diets and facilities. The dry matter intake (% of body weight) was higher in diets with CS (3.08) compared to those with FS (2.67), STCO (2.73) or STCH (2.73), which did not differ. Diets with CS determined milk production adjusted for 4% fat (20.05kg d-1) similar to diets containing STCO and STCH (18.01 and 17.89kg d-1, respectively) and higher than those with FS (17.33kg d-1). The experimental diets did not alter the composition of milk. The use of sugarcane treated with Ca(OH)2 is a viable option for feeding Holstein cows with average genetic potential for milk production because it allows production and composition similar to milk dairy cows fed with corn silage, besides benefiting the logistics of feeding in the rural properties.
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Mak, Kit-Kay, Zhang Shiming, Raghavendra Sakirolla, Madhu Katyayani Balijepalli, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova, Ola Epemolu, Zulkefeli Mohd i Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika. "Synthesis of New Shogaol Analogues as NRF2 Activators and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Modes of Action and Metabolic Stability". Antioxidants 12, nr 2 (13.02.2023): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020475.
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6-shogaol is a natural and the most potent bioactive vanilloid in dried Zingiber officinale rhizomes. Many scientific studies have reported the diverse biological activities of 6-shogaol. However, the major drawback of 6-shogaol is its instability at room temperature. We synthesised new shogaol thiophene compounds (STCs) by replacing the pentyl group in the sidechain with thiophene derivatives. The STCs were tested for their nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation ability in murine hepatoma cells (Hepa1c1c-7) by determining their NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inducing ability and expression of NRF2-associated antioxidant genes. The anti-inflammatory activity of STCs was determined in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPSEc)-stimulated NR2-proficient and -silenced mouse microglial cells (BV-2) by measuring the inflammatory markers, cytokines, and mediators. The modes of action (interacting with the Kelch domain of KEAP1, covalent bonding with cysteines of KEAP1, and inhibition of GSK-3b enzyme activity) of NRF2 activation by STCs were determined using commercially available kits. The in vitro metabolic stability of the STCs in liver microsomes (humans, rats, and mice) was also investigated. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were conducted to identify the binding poses, stability, and molecular interactions of the STCs in the binding pockets of Kelch and BTB domains of KEAP1 and GSK-3b enzyme. The new STCs were synthesised in good yields of > 85%, with a purity of about 95%, using a novel synthesis method by employing a reusable proline–proline dipeptide catalyst. The STCs are more potent than 6-shogaol in activating NRF2 and reducing inflammation. The nature of substituents on thiophene has a profound influence on the bioactivity of the STCs. Phenylthiophene STC (STC5) is the most potent, while thiophenes containing electron-withdrawing groups showed weaker bioactivity. The bioactivity of 6-shogaol is in the micromolar range, whereas STC5 showed bioactivity in the sub micromolar range. The STCs showed anti-inflammatory effects via NRF2-dependent and NRF2-independent mechanisms. The STCs improved NRF2 activity through multiple (KEAP1-independent and -dependent) mechanisms. The STCs showed decreased reactivity with thiols than 6-shogaol and thus may possess fewer side-effects than 6-shogaol. The STCs were more metabolically stable than 6-shogaol.
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Hjortebjerg, Rikke, Claus Høgdall, Kristian Horsman Hansen, Estrid Høgdall i Jan Frystyk. "The IGF–PAPP-A–Stanniocalcin Axis in Serum and Ascites Associates with Prognosis in Patients with Ovarian Cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, nr 4 (7.02.2024): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042014.
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Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and PAPP-A2 modulate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action and are inhibited by the stanniocalcins (STC1 and STC2). We previously demonstrated increased PAPP-A and IGF activity in ascites from women with ovarian carcinomas. In this prospective, longitudinal study of 107 women with ovarian cancer and ascites accumulation, we determined corresponding serum and ascites levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1, and STC2 and assessed their relationship with mortality. As compared to serum, we found highly increased ascites levels of PAPP-A (51-fold) and PAPP-A2 (4-fold). Elevated levels were also observed for IGF-1 (12%), STC1 (90%) and STC2 (68%). In contrast, IGF-2 was reduced by 29% in ascites. Patients were followed for a median of 38.4 months (range: 45 days to 8.9 years), during which 73 patients (68.2%) died. Overall survival was longer for patients with high serum IGF-1 (hazard ratio (HR) per doubling in protein concentration: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.90). However, patients with high ascites levels of IGF-1 showed a poorer prognosis (HR: 2.00 (1.26–3.27)). High serum and ascites IGF-2 levels were associated with increased risk of mortality (HR: 2.01 (1.22–3.30) and HR: 1.78 (1.24–2.54), respectively). Similarly, serum PAPP-A2 was associated with mortality (HR: 1.26 (1.08–1.48)). Our findings demonstrate the presence and activity of the IGF system in the local tumor ecosystem, which is likely a characteristic feature of malignant disease and plays a role in its peritoneal dissemination. The potential clinical implications are supported by our finding that serum levels of the proteins are associated with patient prognosis.
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Ito, Daisuke, John R. Walker, Charlie S. Thompson, Isabella Moroz, William Lin, Margaret L. Veselits, Antoine M. Hakim, Allen A. Fienberg i Gopal Thinakaran. "Characterization of Stanniocalcin 2, a Novel Target of the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response with Cytoprotective Properties". Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, nr 21 (1.11.2004): 9456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.21.9456-9469.2004.
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ABSTRACT Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces a highly conserved homeostatic response in all eukaryotic cells, termed the unfolded-protein response (UPR). Here we describe the characterization of stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), a mammalian homologue of a calcium- and phosphate-regulating hormone first identified in fish, as a novel target of the UPR. Expression of STC2 gene is rapidly upregulated in cultured cells after exposure to tunicamycin and thapsigargin, by ATF4 after activation of the ER-resident kinase PERK. In addition, STC2 expression is also activated in neuronal cells by oxidative stress and hypoxia but not by several cellular stresses unrelated to the UPR. In contrast, expression of another homologue, STC1, is only upregulated by hypoxia independent of PERK or ATF4 expression. In vivo studies revealed that rat cortical neurons rapidly upregulate STC2 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Finally, siRNA-mediated inhibition of STC2 expression renders N2a neuroblastoma cells and HeLa cells significantly more vulnerable to apoptotic cell death after treatment with thapsigargin, and overexpression of STC2 attenuated thapsigargin-induced cell death. Consequently, induced STC2 expression is an essential feature of survival component of the UPR.
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Tong, Wenjie. "Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Bacterial Community and Enzyme Activity of Rhizosphere of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Yunnan Mountains". International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, nr 02 (1.02.2021): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1674.
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The microbial activity and soil enzyme activity are closely related to soil ecological functions. In this study, a flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) variety, K326, was planted and subjected to tillage methods of 20 cm of rotary tillage (control, RT20), 30 cm of deep tillage (DT30), 30 cm (ST30) and 40 cm (ST40) of subsoiling tillage. The expression profiling was conducted using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, and the changes of bacterial community structure and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere soil under different tillage treatments were assessed. In the results, the DT30, ST30 and ST40 measures significantly reduced activity of catalase, increased the activities of urease, acid phosphatase and cellulose, and increased the diversity and richness of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil. Compared to RT20 (control), the Shannon index of DT30 treatment increased by 3.58%, the Simpson index decreased by 47.46% and the ACE and Chao1 indexes of ST40 treatment increased by 2.77 and 3.38%, respectively. At the phylum and genus levels, the dominant bacterial communities and relative abundance of the bacterial communities under different tillage treatments were significantly different. Compared with RT20, the DT30, ST30 and ST40 treatments increased the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes phylum by 30.93, 20.97 and 11.44% and the relative abundance of Nitrospirae phylum increased by 54.55, 22.73 and 11.36%, respectively. In addition, the relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms such as Nocardioides, Gemmatimonas, and Sphingomonas genus in DT30 and ST30, ST40 treatments were more than control (RT20) treatments. In conclusion, the different ecological niche may create by great disturbance to soil in DT and ST treatments, the selection and adaptation of different microorganisms to the ecological niche may result in great changes in microbial species composition and community structure. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers © 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers© 2021 Friends Science Publishers©
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Mamo, S., A. Al Naib, L. O'Hara, T. Fair i P. Lonergan. "194 EXPRESSION OF STANNIOCALCIN FAMILY GENES DURING PREIMPLANTATION STAGE BOVINE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, nr 1 (2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab194.
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Stanniocalcins (STC) are a small family of secreted homodimeric glycoprotein hormones consisting of STC1 and STC2. A previous study in Drosophila (Tolias and Stroumbakis 1998 Dev. Genes Evol. 208, 274–282) indicated that maternally derived STC is required during embryogenesis. However, little information is available for mammalian embryos. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of STC and assess their roles during the preimplantation stage of bovine embryo development. Immature cumulus–oocyte complexes were aspirated from follicles of bovine ovaries collected at a local abattoir and matured in vitro for 24 h at 39°C under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air with maximum humidity in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) fetal calf serum and 10 ng mL–1 of epidermal growth factor. Matured cumulus–oocyte complexes were inseminated with fertile bull semen (Day 0). Embryos were cultured in vitro, and subsequently, 4 pools of 10 embryos each at the zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages were collected from 4 different replicate cultures and stored at –80°C until analysis. Total RNA was isolated using an RNeasy Micro Kit and a random primer was used during cDNA synthesis. The expression of STC1, STC2, and reference genes (YWHAZ, PPIA, SDHA) was examined. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to compare transcript abundance, and data were normalized to the geometric averages of the reference genes. The expression levels were analysed using the relative standard curve method, and means were compared using Student’s t-test. Despite being members of the same family and having large sequence similarity, the expression of each gene was unique and stage dependent during embryo development. Expression of STC1 was detected in all the stages examined. Expression was transiently reduced at the 2-cell stage, with no significant change until the 8-cell stage but with a slight increase at the 16-cell stage. In contrast, STC2 was barely detectable before the 8-cell stage. Expression at the 8- and 16-cell stages was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher compared with all other stages, with a peak at the 16-cell stage. This significantly higher expression pattern of STC2 during the critical stages of maternal to zygotic control of development may suggest an important role during this critical period of embryo development. Supported by Science Foundation Ireland (07/SRC/B1156).
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Tabaja, Hussam, Joya-Rita Hindy i Souha S. Kan. "EPIDEMIOLOGY OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN ARAB COUNTRIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICAN REGION". Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 13, nr 1 (28.08.2021): e2021050. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2021.050.
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Available data suggests a high burden of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). To review the MRSA prevalence and molecular epidemiology in this region, we used PubMed search engine to identify relative articles published from January 2005 to December 2019. Great heterogeneity in reported rates was expectedly seen. Nasal MRSA colonization ranged from 0-32% in healthy volunteers but 4-73% in healthcare workers. Infective MRSA rates ranged between 6%-66% in Saudi Arabia, 12%-29% in United Arab of Emirates, 13%-21% in Qatar, 14%-37% in Oman, 20%-72% in Lebanon, 56% in Gaza, 32%-68% in Jordan, 34%-88% in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan, 47%-77% in Egypt, 19-86% in Algeria, and 18-40% in Tunisia. In the GCC, [PVL-] ST239-III, [PVL+] ST80-IV, [PVL+] ST30-IV, [PVL-] ST22-IV and its [PVL+] and [tst1+] variants, [PVL-] CC6-IV, [PVL-] CC5-IV, and [PVL-] ST5-II had a significant presence. In the Levant region, [PVL+] ST80-IV, [PVL+] ST30-IV, [PVL-] ST239-III, [PVL-] ST22-IV were prevalent in Lebanon, Jordan, and Gaza; [PVL-] ST22-IVa-t223 (“Gaza strain”) was prevalent in Gaza and Jordan; USA300, and USA800 were prevalent in Iraq. In North Africa, [PVL+] ST80-IV and [PVL-] ST239-III was commonly reported in Egypt, Algeria, and Tunisia. Finally, significant antimicrobial resistance was seen in the region with variation in patterns depending on location and clonal type. For a more accurate assessment of MRSA epidemiology and burden, the Arab countries need to implement national surveillance systems.
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Wagner, Graham F., Ewa M. Jaworski i Michel Haddad. "Stanniocalcin in the seawater salmon: structure, function, and regulation". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, nr 4 (1.04.1998): R1177—R1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.4.r1177.
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Stanniocalcin (STC) is a homodimeric glycoprotein hormone that was first discovered in fish, where it is produced by unique endocrine glands known as the corpuscles of Stannius (CS). In freshwater salmon, STC plays an integral role in Ca2+ and phosphate homeostasis. High levels of extracellular Ca2+promote the synthesis and release of STC, which on entering the bloodstream reduces the levels of gill and gut Ca2+ transport and renal phosphate excretion to restore normocalcemia. In this report, we have examined STC in seawater salmon. We have studied the distribution of STC protein and mRNA in marine Atlantic salmon CS cells, the responsiveness of these cells to Ca2+, and some physical properties of the hormone. Our results demonstrated that all Atlantic salmon CS cells expressed the STC gene. Furthermore, these cells exhibited a Ca2+ sensitivity that was remarkably similar to those in freshwater salmon in terms of its ability to stimulate STC secretion and gene expression. When Atlantic salmon glands were fractionated by concanavalin A (ConA)-Sepharose chromatography, two distinct forms of the hormone were identified, both of which were recognized by sockeye salmon STC antiserum, and designated as STC1 and STC2. STC1 was a glycosylated, 42-kDa disulfide-linked dimer, with a high affinity for ConA. STC2 did not bind to ConA, was 44 kDa in size, and had a different subunit structure. STC2 was also a less effective inhibitor of gill Ca2+ transport in fish. Collectively, the results suggest that there is a second form of STC in salmon.
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Yamamoto, Tatsuo, Soshi Dohmae, Kohei Saito, Taketo Otsuka, Tomomi Takano, Megumi Chiba, Katsuko Fujikawa i Mayumi Tanaka. "Molecular Characteristics and In Vitro Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Agents, Including the Des-Fluoro(6) Quinolone DX-619, of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Community and Hospitals". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, nr 12 (16.10.2006): 4077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00847-06.
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ABSTRACTHighly virulent, community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains with Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) genes have been found increasingly worldwide. Among a total of 2,101 MRSA strains isolated from patients in hospitals in Japan, two were positive for PVL genes. One strain was identified as a community-acquired MRSA strain with genotype sequence type 30 (ST30) andspa(staphylococcal protein A gene) type 19 from Japan and was resistant only to β-lactam antimicrobial agents. The other strain was closely related to PVL+multidrug-resistant, hospital-acquired MRSA strains (ST30,spatype 43) derived from nosocomial outbreaks in the 1980s to 1990s in Japan but with a divergent sequence type, ST765 (a single-locus variant of ST30). Twenty-two PVL+MRSA strains, including those from Japan and those from other countries with various sequence types (ST1, ST8, ST30, ST59, and ST80) and genotypes, were examined for susceptibility to 31 antimicrobial agents. Among the agents, DX-619, a des-fluoro(6) quinolone, showed the greatest activity, followed by rifampin and sitafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone. The data suggest that DX-619 exhibits a superior activity against PVL+MRSA strains with various virulence genetic traits from the community as well as from hospitals.
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Van Vliet, Danielle, Gregory D. Wiens, Thomas P. Loch, Pierre Nicolas i Mohamed Faisal. "Genetic Diversity of Flavobacterium psychrophilum Isolates from Three Oncorhynchus spp. in the United States, as Revealed by Multilocus Sequence Typing". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, nr 11 (25.03.2016): 3246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00411-16.
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ABSTRACTThe use of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique has identified the intraspecific genetic diversity of U.S.Flavobacterium psychrophilum, an important pathogen of salmonids worldwide. Prior to this analysis, little U.S.F. psychrophilumgenetic information was known; this is of importance when considering targeted control strategies, including vaccine development. Herein, MLST was used to investigate the genetic diversity of 96F. psychrophilumisolates recovered from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that originated from nine U.S. states. The isolates fell into 34 distinct sequence types (STs) that clustered in 5 clonal complexes (CCs) (n= 63) or were singletons (n= 33). The distribution of STs varied spatially, by host species, and in association with mortality events. Several STs (i.e., ST9, ST10, ST30, and ST78) were found in multiple states, whereas the remaining STs were localized to single states. With the exception of ST256, which was recovered from rainbow trout and Chinook salmon, all STs were found to infect a single host species. Isolates that were collected during bacterial cold water disease outbreaks most frequently belonged to CC-ST10 (e.g., ST10 and ST78). Collectively, the results of this study clearly demonstrate the genetic diversity ofF. psychrophilumwithin the United States and identify STs of clinical significance. Although the majority of STs described herein were novel, some (e.g., ST9, ST10, ST13, ST30, and ST31) were previously recovered on other continents, which demonstrates the transcontinental distribution ofF. psychrophilumgenotypes.IMPORTANCEFlavobacterium psychrophilumis the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) and is an important bacterial pathogen of wild and farmed salmonids worldwide. These infections are responsible for large economic losses globally, yet the genetic diversity of this pathogen remains to be fully investigated. Previous studies have identified the genetic diversity of this pathogen in other main aquaculture regions; however, little effort has been focused on the United States. In this context, this study aims to examine the genetic diversity ofF. psychrophilumfrom the United States, as this region remains important in salmonid aquaculture.
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Moreira, Alexandre, Paulo Roberto de Oliveira, Alexandre Hideki Okano, Marcel de Souza i Miguel de Arruda. "A dinâmica de alteração das medidas de força e o efeito posterior duradouro de treinamento em basquetebolistas submetidos ao sistema de treinamento em bloco". Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 10, nr 4 (sierpień 2004): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-86922004000400002.
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O presente estudo objetivou examinar a dinâmica das alterações da força explosiva de salto vertical (SV), força explosiva de salto horizontal (SHP) e da força rápida horizontal para a perna direita (STCD) e para a perna esquerda (STCE) nas distintas etapas da preparação em basquetebolistas adultos submetidos ao sistema de treinamento em bloco. O grupo estudado foi composto por 12 atletas participantes do campeonato paulista da divisão principal (A1). Oito realizaram o programa de forma integral e foram incluídos na análise. Os atletas submeteram-se a uma estrutura bicíclica de preparação (primeiro macrociclo com 23 semanas e o segundo macrociclo com 19 semanas). Na estruturação do modelo, o macrociclo de treinamento foi dividido em etapa básica (cargas concentradas de força), etapa especial e etapa de competição. A etapa básica teve a duração de oito semanas, no primeiro macrociclo de treinamento, e três semanas no segundo macrociclo. Os atletas foram avaliados em oito momentos distintos do ciclo anual, caracterizando uma investigação longitudinal. Os resultados demonstraram: 1) a eficácia do sistema de treinamento em bloco no basquetebol, evidenciada pela expressão pontual do efeito posterior duradouro de treinamento (EPDT), 2) que as cargas de competição exerceram diferentes efeitos para as SV e SHP e, ainda, 3) ocorrências diversas verificadas entre STCD e STCE, demonstrando a necessidade de avaliar e analisar minuciosamente os resultados dos diferentes testes de saltos quando utilizados como parâmetros de controle dos efeitos de treinamento.
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Maloney, Jenny G., Yunah Jang, Aleksey Molokin, Nadja S. George i Monica Santin. "Wide Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Maryland, USA". Microorganisms 9, nr 6 (21.06.2021): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061343.
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Blastocystis is a gastrointestinal protist frequently reported in humans and animals worldwide. Wildlife populations, including deer, may serve as reservoirs of parasitic diseases for both humans and domestic animals, either through direct contact or through contamination of food or water resources. However, no studies of the occurrence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in wildlife populations have been conducted in the United States. PCR and next generation amplicon sequencing were used to determine the occurrence and subtypes of Blastocystis in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Blastocystis was common, with 88.8% (71/80) of samples found to be positive. Twelve subtypes were identified, ten previously reported (ST1, ST3, ST4, ST10, ST14, ST21, and ST23–ST26) and two novel subtypes (ST30 and ST31). To confirm the validity of ST30 and ST31, MinION sequencing was used to obtain full-length SSU rRNA gene sequences, and phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses were performed. ST10, ST14, and ST24 were the most commonly observed subtypes. Potentially zoonotic subtypes ST1, ST3, or ST4 were present in 8.5% of Blastocystis-positives. Mixed subtype infections were common (90.1% of Blastocystis-positives). This study is the first to subtype Blastocystis in white-tailed deer. White-tailed deer were found to be commonly infected/colonized with a wide diversity of subtypes, including two novel subtypes, zoonotic subtypes, and subtypes frequently reported in domestic animals. More studies in wildlife are needed to better understand their role in the transmission of Blastocystis.
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Wannet, W. J. B., M. E. Heck, G. N. Pluister, E. Spalburg, M. G. Van Santen, X. W. Huijsdans, E. Tiemersma i A. J. de Neeling. "Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive MRSA in 2003: the Dutch situation". Eurosurveillance 9, nr 11 (1.11.2004): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.11.00484-en.
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Analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in the Netherlands in 2003 revealed that 8% of the hospital isolates carried the loci for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Molecular subtyping showed that most Dutch PVL-MRSA genotypes corresponded to well-documented global epidemic types. The most common PVL-MRSA genotypes were sequence type ST8, ST22, ST30, ST59 and ST80. MRSA with ST8 increased in the Netherlands from 1% in 2002 to 17% in 2003. It is emphasised that PVL-MRSA might not only emerge in the community, but also in the hospital environment.
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Ahmad, Norazah, Izayu Nurfarha Ruzan, Mohamed Kamel Abd Ghani, Azura Hussin, Salbiah Nawi, Mohamad Nazri Aziz, Nurahan Maning i Victor Lim Kok Eow. "Characteristics of community- and hospital-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying SCCmec type IV isolated in Malaysia". Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, nr 9 (1.09.2009): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.011353-0.
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Community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) occurring among hospital isolates in Malaysia has not been reported previously. As CA-MRSA reported worldwide has been shown to carry SCCmec types IV and V, the aim of this study was to determine the SCCmec types of MRSA strains collected in Malaysia from November 2006 to June 2008. From a total of 628 MRSA isolates, 20 were SCCmec type IV, whilst the rest were type III. Further characterization of SCCmec type IV strains revealed 11 sequence types (STs), including ST22, with the majority being ST30/Panton–Valentine leukocidin positive. Eight out of nine CA-MRSA were ST30, one was ST80, and all were sensitive to co-trimoxazole and gentamicin. Five new STs designated ST1284, ST1285, ST1286, ST1287 and ST1288 were discovered, suggesting the emergence of novel clones of MRSA circulating in Malaysian hospitals. The discovery of the ST22 strain is a cause for concern because of its ability to replace existing predominant clones in certain geographical regions.
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Takemoto, Mitsuru, Shunsuke Fujibayashi, B. Otsuki, Tomiharu Matsushita, Tadashi Kokubo i Takashi Nakamura. "3-D Analysis of Pore Structure of Porous Biomaterials Using Micro Focus X-Ray Computed Tomography". Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (maj 2006): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1095.
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Generally, characterizations of pore structures of porous biomaterials are mainly based on 2-dimensional (2-D) analysis using cross sectional micrographs. However, interconnectivity of each pore may be more important factor, when tissue ingrowth into deeper pores is considered. In this paper, using micro-CT imaging with 3-D image processing software, analyses of porous material based on 3-demensional (3-D) geometrical considerations were successfully performed. Plasmasprayed porous titanium implant (PT) and four types of sintered porous titanium implants (ST50- 200, ST50-500, ST70-200, and ST70-500) that possess different porosities (50% and 70%) and pore sizes (200-500+m and 500-1500+m) were analyzed in this study. A micro focus X-ray computed tomography system was employed to acquire microstructural information from the porous implants. Using 3-D image processing software, we performed three types of 3-D analysis including detection of the dead space (% dead pore), analysis of interconnectivity by blocking the narrow pore throat with caliber less than 52 +m (% pore with narrow throat) and analysis of material construct by contracting thin strut with thickness less than 52 +m (% construct with thin strut). ST50S and ST50L possessed interconnected porous structure with thicker strut; however, pore throat was considered to be relatively narrow. On the other hand, PT implant possesses favorable interconnectivity despite its’ low porosity; however, relatively thin strut indicate the structural disadvantage for mechanical property. These results suggest that the 3-D analysis of pore and strut structure using micro focus X-ray computed tomography and 3-D image processing software will provide effective information to develop porous implant.
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Gagliardi, Anthony D., Evan Y. W. Kuo, Sanda Raulic, Graham F. Wagner i Gabriel E. DiMattia. "Human stanniocalcin-2 exhibits potent growth-suppressive properties in transgenic mice independently of growth hormone and IGFs". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 288, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): E92—E105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00268.2004.
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Stanniocalcin (STC)-2 was discovered by its primary amino acid sequence identity to the hormone STC-1. The function of STC-2 has not been examined; thus we generated two lines of transgenic mice overexpressing human (h)STC-2 to gain insight into its potential functions through identification of overt phenotypes. Analysis of mouse Stc2 gene expression indicates that, unlike Stc1, it is not highly expressed during development but exhibits overlapping expression with Stc1 in adult mice, with heart and skeletal muscle exhibiting highest steady-state levels of Stc2 mRNA. Constitutive overexpression of hSTC-2 resulted in pre- and postnatal growth restriction as early as embryonic day 12.5, progressing such that mature hSTC-2-transgenic mice are ∼45% smaller than wild-type littermates. hSTC-2 overexpression is sometimes lethal; we observed 26–34% neonatal morbidity without obvious dysmorphology. hSTC-2-induced growth retardation is associated with developmental delay, most notably cranial suture formation. Organ allometry studies show that hSTC-2-induced dwarfism is associated with testicular organomegaly and a significant reduction in skeletal muscle mass likely contributing to the dwarf phenotype. hSTC-2-transgenic mice are also hyperphagic, but this does not result in obesity. Serum Ca2+ and PO4 were unchanged in hSTC-2-transgenic mice, although STC-1 can regulate intra- and extracellular Ca2+ in mammals. Interestingly, severe growth retardation induced by hSTC-2 is not associated with a decrease in GH or IGF expression. Consequently, similar to STC-1, STC-2 can act as a potent growth inhibitor and reduce intramembranous and endochondral bone development and skeletal muscle growth, implying that these tissues are specific physiological targets of stanniocalcins.
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Schmidt, Beata, Joanna Rokicka, Jolanta Janik i Katarzyna Wilpiszewska. "Preparation and Characterization of Potato Starch Copolymers with a High Natural Polymer Content for the Removal of Cu(II) and Fe(III) from Solutions". Polymers 12, nr 11 (31.10.2020): 2562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112562.
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Cross-linked potato starch (StMBA) and starch-g-polyacrylamide materials with a high content of natural polymer from 60 to 90 wt.% (St60–St90) were synthesized by double chemical-chemical modification (grafting and cross-linking). Eco-friendly starch absorbents were tested for removal of Cu2+ and Fe3+ from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of the obtained materials (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and laser scanning microscopy (LSM)) confirmed their diversity in terms of composition and structure. The effect of N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) content in the starch graft copolymers, treatment time and concentration of metal ions on adsorption efficiency were investigated. The adsorption efficiency for StMBA was 14.0 mg Cu2+/g and 2.9 mg Fe3+/g, regardless of the initial concentration of ions, whereas for starch graft copolymer St60 it was 23.0 mg Cu2+/g and 21.2 mg Fe3+/g. Absorption of Fe(III) was persisted even after 2 days. Pseudo-second order model was used to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. It was found that in addition to the chemical adsorption of ions on the surface, there is sorption inside the polymer network and chelating mechanism may dominate. Satisfactory results were attributed to the adequate grafting of PAM onto starch, the ability to form complexes with metal cations and changes in material structure.
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Bautista, Iker J., Ignacio J. Chirosa, Joseph E. Robinson, Roland van der Tillaar, Luis J. Chirosa i Isidoro Martínez Martín. "A new physical performance classification system for elite handball players: cluster analysis". Journal of Human Kinetics 51, nr 1 (1.06.2016): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0177.
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Abstract The aim of the present study was to identify different cluster groups of handball players according to their physical performance level assessed in a series of physical assessments, which could then be used to design a training program based on individual strengths and weaknesses, and to determine which of these variables best identified elite performance in a group of under-19 [U19] national level handball players. Players of the U19 National Handball team (n=16) performed a set of tests to determine: 10 m (ST10) and 20 m (ST20) sprint time, ball release velocity (BRv), countermovement jump (CMJ) height and squat jump (SJ) height. All players also performed an incremental-load bench press test to determine the 1 repetition maximum (1RMest), the load corresponding to maximum mean power (LoadMP), the mean propulsive phase power at LoadMP (PMPPMP) and the peak power at LoadMP (PPEAKMP). Cluster analyses of the test results generated four groupings of players. The variables best able to discriminate physical performance were BRv, ST20, 1RMest, PPEAKMP and PMPPMP. These variables could help coaches identify talent or monitor the physical performance of athletes in their team. Each cluster of players has a particular weakness related to physical performance and therefore, the cluster results can be applied to a specific training programmed based on individual needs.
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Senchenko, Mykola. "Cultural heritage conservation projects in the Netherlands". Вісник Книжкової палати, nr 1 (26.01.2023): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2023.1(318).4-11.
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The article examines the projects of the Royal Library of the Netherlands dedicated to the preservation of cultural heritage. It was emphasized that the programs of preservation of printed and handwritten cultural heritage and providing the widest possible access to it are extremely important both for individual countries and for the international community, as they make it possible to become more thoroughly acquainted with projects of different directions and purposes and to gain useful experience in this field. The features of five main projects are analyzed, including "Metamorphosis", "Memory of the Netherlands", "Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts", сatalogs "Short Descriptions of Books of the Netherlands" (STCN) / Short Descriptions of Books of Flanders" (STCV), "Bibliopolis", with for the purpose of borrowing and implementing the achievements of foreign colleagues in the work of domestic libraries, as well as to support the "Documentary Memory of Ukraine" program.
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FANG, Y., P. ZHU, Q. LI, H. CHEN, Y. LI, C. REN, Y. HU, Z. TAN, J. GU i X. MAO. "Multilocus sequence typing of 102 Burkholderia pseudomallei strains isolated from China". Epidemiology and Infection 144, nr 9 (8.01.2016): 1917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815003052.
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SUMMARYThe phylogenetic and epidemiological relationships of 102 Burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates from different geographical and population sources in China were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The MLST data were analysed using the e-BURST algorithm, and an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram was constructed based on the pair-wise differences in the allelic profiles of the strains. Forty-one sequence types (STs) were identified, of which eight were novel (ST1341, ST1345, ST1346, ST1347, ST1348, ST1349, ST1350, ST1351). No geographical-specific or host population-specific phylogenetic lineages were identified. ST46, ST50, ST55, ST58, ST70 and ST1095 predominated, but ~44% of isolates were assigned to 45 STs illustrating high genetic diversity in the strain collection. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationships of the dominant STs in China showed significant linkeage with B. pseudomallei isolates from Thailand. Analysis of the gmhD allele suggests high genetic variation in B. pseudomallei in China.
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Yang, Xin, Yunhui Li, Yuxin Wang, Junwei Wang, Peng Lai, Yuan Li, Junke Song, Meng Qi i Guanghui Zhao. "Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis sp. in Camelus bactrianus in Northwestern China". Animals 11, nr 11 (20.10.2021): 3016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113016.
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Blastocystis sp. is an important zoonotic protist in humans and various animals with worldwide distribution. However, there have been no data on the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. in C. bactrianus, an important economic animal in northwestern China. In the present study, a PCR-sequencing tool based on the SSU rRNA gene was applied to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in 638 faecal samples from C. bactrianus in 21 sampling sites within three main breeding areas (Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang) in northwestern China. The total prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was 21.8% (139/638) in C. bactrianus, with the infection rates of 29.5% (18/61), 50.0% (14/28) and 19.5% (107/549) for animals aged <2 years, 2–6 years and >6 years, respectively. Significant differences in prevalence were detected among C. bactrianus from three geographic areas (χ2 = 19.972, df = 2, p < 0.001) and all sampling sites (χ2 = 104.154, df = 20, p < 0.001). A total of 16 of 21 sampling sites were positive for Blastocystis sp., with the prevalence ranging from 7.7% to 70.6%. Sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA gene identified eight subtypes in C. bactrianus in the present study, including seven animal adapted subtypes (ST10, ST14, ST21, ST24, ST25, ST26 and ST30) and one potentially novel subtype, with ST10 being the dominant one. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first insight for the occurrence and genetic make-up of Blastocystis sp. in C. bactrianus and contributes to the understanding of the transmission of Blastocystis infection in C. bactrianus in China.
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Xiao, Han-Dan, Nan Su, Ze-Dong Zhang, Ling-Ling Dai, Jun-Lin Luo, Xing-Quan Zhu, Shi-Chen Xie i Wen-Wei Gao. "Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in Black Goats in Shanxi Province, North China: From a Public Health Perspective". Animals 14, nr 12 (17.06.2024): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14121808.
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Blastocystis spp. and Giardia duodenalis are two prevalent zoonotic intestinal parasites that can cause severe diarrhea and intestinal diseases in humans and many animals. Black goat (Capra hircus) farming is increasingly important in China due to the remarkable adaptability, high reproductive performance, rapid growth rate, and significant economic value of black goats. A number of studies have indicated that black goats are the potential reservoir of multiple zoonotic protozoans in China; however, the prevalence and zoonotic status of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province is still unknown. Thus, a total of 1200 fecal samples of black goats were collected from several representative regions at different altitudes in Shanxi Province and were examined for the presence and genotypes of G. duodenallis and Blastocystis spp. by amplifying the beta-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) loci of G. duodenalis and SSU rRNA of Blastocystis spp. using PCR and sequence analysis methods, respectively. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province were 7.5% and 3.5%, respectively. Two assemblages (B and E) of G. duodenalis and four subtypes (ST5, ST10, ST14, and ST30) of Blastocystis spp. were identified, with assemblage E and ST10 as the prevalent genotype and subtype in black goats, respectively. One novel multilocus genotype (MLG) was identified in MLG-E and was designated as MLG-E12. For both G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp., the prevalence was significantly related to the region and age groups (p < 0.05). This is the first report on the prevalence of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province. These results not only provide baseline data for the prevention and control of both parasites in black goats in Shanxi Province, but also enhance our understanding of the genetic composition and zoonotic potential of these two parasites.
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Strasheim, Wilhelmina, Michelle Lowe, Anthony M. Smith, Eric M. C. Etter i Olga Perovic. "Whole-Genome Sequencing of Human and Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates on a Commercial Pig Farm in South Africa". Antibiotics 13, nr 6 (11.06.2024): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060543.
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Escherichia coli is an indicator micro-organism in One Health antibiotic resistance surveillance programs. The purpose of the study was to describe and compare E. coli isolates obtained from pigs and human contacts from a commercial farm in South Africa using conventional methods and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Porcine E. coli isolates were proportionally more resistant phenotypically and harbored a richer diversity of antibiotic resistance genes as compared to human E. coli isolates. Different pathovars, namely ExPEC (12.43%, 21/169), ETEC (4.14%, 7/169), EPEC (2.96%, 5/169), EAEC (2.96%, 5/169) and STEC (1.18%, 2/169), were detected at low frequencies. Sequence type complex (STc) 10 was the most prevalent (85.51%, 59/169) among human and porcine isolates. Six STcs (STc10, STc86, STc168, STc206, STc278 and STc469) were shared at the human–livestock interface according to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Core-genome MLST and hierarchical clustering (HC) showed that human and porcine isolates were overall genetically diverse, but some clustering at HC2–HC200 was observed. In conclusion, even though the isolates shared a spatiotemporal relationship, there were still differences in the virulence potential, antibiotic resistance profiles and cgMLST and HC according to the source of isolation.
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Takei, Yuichiro, Hironori Yamamoto, Masashi Masuda, Tadatoshi Sato, Yutaka Taketani i Eiji Takeda. "Stanniocalcin 2 is positively and negatively controlled by 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH in renal proximal tubular cells". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 42, nr 3 (8.01.2009): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme-08-0161.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We have previously identified a second mammalian stanniocalcin (STC2) in humans and demonstrated that STC2 inhibits phosphate uptake in an opossum renal proximal tubular cell line (opossum kidney (OK) cells). However, the regulation of Stc2 gene expression in OK cells is not well understood. In this study, we identified the opossum Stc2 cDNA sequence. The opossum STC2 amino acid sequence had 78.8% homology with human STC2, and has a conserved putative N-linked glycosylation site. Next, we investigated the regulation of Stc2 gene expression by the classical calcium and phosphate-regulating factors 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH in OK cells. In western blot analysis using affinity-purified anti-STC2 antibody, the secretion of STC2 protein was stimulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, PTH suppressed the induction of STC2 protein secretion by 1,25(OH)2D3. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that Stc2 mRNA expression was increased by 1,25(OH)2D3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, actinomycin D, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, prevented the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Stc2 gene expression. On the other hand, PTH and phorbol 12,13-myristic acetate, a specific PKC activator, but not 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, a specific PKA activator, reduced the mRNA levels of Stc2. In addition, Gö6976, a specific PKC inhibitor, abolished the downregulation of Stc2 mRNA expression by PTH. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the renal Stc2 mRNA expression was increased by 1,25(OH)2D3 and decreased by PTH in vivo. These results suggest that STC2 is positively and negatively controlled by 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH in renal proximal tubular cells.
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Grys, Thomas E., Laura L. Walters i Rodney A. Welch. "Characterization of the StcE Protease Activity of Escherichia coli O157:H7". Journal of Bacteriology 188, nr 13 (1.07.2006): 4646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01806-05.
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ABSTRACT The StcE zinc metalloprotease is secreted by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and contributes to intimate adherence of this bacterium to host cells, a process essential for mammalian colonization. StcE has also been shown to localize the inflammatory regulator C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) to cell membranes. We tried to more fully characterize StcE activity to better understand its role in EHEC pathogenesis. StcE was active at pH 6.1 to 9.0, in the presence of NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 600 mM, and at 4°C to 55°C. Interestingly, antisera against StcE or C1-INH did not eliminate StcE cleavage of C1-INH. Treatment of StcE with the proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin, human neutrophil elastase, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase did not eliminate StcE activity against C1-INH. After StcE was kept at 23°C for 65 days, it exhibited full proteolytic activity, and it retained 30% of its original activity after incubation for 8 days at 37°C. Together, these results show the StcE protease is a stable enzyme that is probably active in the environment of the colon. Additionally, k cat/K m data showed that StcE proteolytic activity was 2.5-fold more efficient with the secreted mucin MUC7 than with the complement regulator C1-INH. This evidence supports a model which includes two roles for StcE during infection, in which StcE acts first as a mucinase and then as an anti-inflammatory agent by localizing C1-INH to cell membranes.
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Alam, Perwez, Mohd Imran, Dipak Kumar Gupta i Ali Akhtar. "Formulation of Transliposomal Nanocarrier Gel Containing Strychnine for the Effective Management of Skin Cancer". Gels 9, nr 10 (20.10.2023): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9100831.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Strychnine (STCN) has demonstrated an exceptional anticancer effect against various cancers. However, the STCN clinical utility has been hampered by its low water solubility, restricted therapeutic window, short half-life, and significant toxicity. The objective of this investigation was to design and optimize a formulation of strychnine-loaded transliposomes (STCN–TLs) for dermal administration of STCN to treat skin cancer. The formulations of STCN–TL were examined in terms of vesicle size (VS), polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE), and in vitro delivery. The improved STCN–TL formulation exhibited VS, PDI, EE, and in vitro delivery of 101.5 ± 2.14 nm, 0.218 ± 0.12, 81.74 ± 1.43%, and 85.39 ± 2.33%, respectively. In an ex vivo penetration, the created STCN–TL formulation demonstrated a 2.5-fold increase in permeability compared to the STCN solution. CLSM pictures of skin (rat) revealed that the rhodamine B-loaded transliposome preparation penetrated deeper than the rhodamine B hydroalcoholic mixture. Additionally, rat skin managed with STCN–TL nanogel exhibited a significant increase in Cskin max and AUC0-8 compared to rat skin treated with traditional STCN gel. The findings demonstrated that the transliposome preparation might be a suitable nanocarrier for the cutaneous distribution of STCN in the amelioration of skin cancer.
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Xu, Zhen, Liqin Chen, Xiaowei Chen, Amei Tang, Dengmin Huang, Qin Pan i Zhongze Fang. "Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Recovered from Public Shared Bicycles in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 8 (8.04.2022): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084492.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Millions of public shared bicycles (PSBs) have been launched in China, and PSBs are a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci. However, no national data to elucidate the dissemination, antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of staphylococci has been recovered from public shared bicycles located in different cities in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility, SCCmec types and sequence types of staphylococci were determined. A total of 146 staphylococci were recovered in this study, and 87% staphylococcal isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. In total, 29 (20%) staphylococcal isolates harbored mecA gene, and SCCmec types were determined as follows: SCCmec type II (n = 1), IV(n = 3), V (n = 4), VI (n = 1), VIII (n = 2), A/1 (n = 6), A/5 (n = 2), C/1 (n = 2), C/2 (n = 1), C/3 (n = 1), (n = 5) and Pseudo (ψ)-SCCmec (n = 1). Sequence types of 16 Staphylococcus epidermidis were determined, including ST10, ST17, ST59, ST60, ST65, ST130, ST184, ST262, ST283, ST337, ST360, ST454, ST567, ST820, ST878 and ST934. PSBs are a reservoir of diverse antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, and staphylococcal species differences were observed in isolates that were recovered from public shared bicycles in the south and north of China. PSBs are a source of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diverse staphylococci.
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Farias, Andre Leonardo Nogueira, i Cristiane Cunha Frota. "Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and CA-MRSA strains) in South America: comparative review to emergence of strains in North America and worldwide". Revista de Medicina da UFC 55, nr 2 (31.12.2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20513/2447-6595.2015v55n2p39-45.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: In the last few years, 3 different strains of MRSA have emerged: Community-associated Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA), Hospital-associated (HA-MRSA), and Livestock-associated (LA-MRSA). The most common CA-MRSA strain is USA 300 lineage. In Brasil, this superbacteria is an important public health problem, once they are associated with severe infections (sepsis, shock and osteomyelitis), high mortality rates (including babies) and low response to usual treatments. Aim: To review attempts to compare CA-MRSA strains in South America and propose an interconnection with patterns of North America and worldwide strains. Methods: Non-systematic review. Findings: Epidemiological and Genotyping definitions were used to compare different strains in different continents. Thus, we could determine ST30+ as the most common lineage in the Brazil and South America, USA 300 lineage as the most common in North America and ST80+ as the most common in Europe. Conclusion: MRSA is a seriously public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. In few years scientist will need a better understand of bacteria-derived factors that participate in enhanced MRSA pathogenesis & host susceptibility. Also, scientists will need to improve tools for an early diagnosis and they will need to enhance preventative/therapeutic modalities. However, new challenges will keep emerging.
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Liu, Yuchao, i Shihua Yin. "A Novel Prognostic Index Based on the Analysis of Glycolysis-Related Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas". Journal of Oncology 2020 (24.09.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7353874.
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Aims. The preferential dependence on glycolysis as a pathway of energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells. However, the prognostic significance of glycolysis-related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains obscure. The purpose of this study was to identify glycolysis-related genes of prognostic value in HNSCC. Results. Transcriptional and clinical data of 544 HNSCC samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. By gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and by employing a univariate and subsequently a stepwise multivariate Cox proportional regression model, eight glycolysis-related genes of prognostic significance in HNSCC (KIF2A, JMJD8, HMMR, STC2, HK1, EXT2, GPR8, and STC1) were identified. The patients were clustered into two groups (high and low risk) based on the expression of these genes. High-risk patients had significantly a shorter overall survival than low-risk patients. Furthermore, a new prognostic indicator based on selected glycolysis-related genes was developed by multivariate Cox analysis that proved to be a better predictor of patient outcome compared to other clinical factors. Conclusion. Our findings provide new insights into the role of glycolysis in HNSCC. The identified genes predict the patient prognosis and might substantially contribute to the development of individualized treatments.
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Wei, Chang-Ning, Rui-Lin Qin, Zhen-Huan Zhang, Wen-Bin Zheng, Qing Liu, Wen-Wei Gao, Xing-Quan Zhu i Shi-Chen Xie. "Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Blastocystis in Sheep and Pigs in Shanxi Province, North China: From a Public Health Perspective". Animals 13, nr 18 (7.09.2023): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182843.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Blastocystis is a common zoonotic intestinal protozoan and causes a series of gastrointestinal symptoms in humans and animals via the fecal–oral route, causing economic losses and posing public health problems. At present, the prevalence and genetic structure of Blastocystis in sheep and pigs in Shanxi province remains unknown. Thus, the present study collected 492 sheep fecal samples and 362 pig fecal samples from three representative counties in northern, central and southern Shanxi province for the detection of Blastocystis based on its SSU rRNA gene. The results showed that the overall prevalence of Blastocystis in the examined sheep and pigs were 16.26% and 14.09%, respectively. Sequences analyses showed that four known subtypes (ST5, ST10, ST14 and ST30) in sheep and two subtypes (ST1 and ST5) in pigs were detected in this study, with ST5 being the predominate subtype among the study areas. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the same subtypes were clustered into the same branch. This study reveals that sheep and pigs in Shanxi province are hosts for multiple Blastocystis subtypes, including the zoonotic subtypes (ST1 and ST5), posing a risk to public health. Baseline epidemiological data are provided that help in improving our understanding of the role of zoonotic subtypes in Blastocystis transmission.
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Lin, Chen, Lina Sun, Shenglei Huang, Xiangqun Weng i Zhixian Wu. "STC2 Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer and Promotes Migration and Invasion by Inducing Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition". BioMed Research International 2019 (15.07.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8042489.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Aberrant expression of stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is implicated in cancer development. STC2 acts as a tumor promoter to drive some cancers. However, its contribution to the development of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. This study showed that the expression of STC2 was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues. Moreover, its expression was positively correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis and negatively correlated with 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients. Additionally, the expression levels of STC2 were a novel biomarker for predicting overall survival rate after surgery. Furthermore, overexpression of STC2 could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cell lines, while knocking down of STC2 led to antiproliferation and antimetastasis activities. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the expression of STC2 could significantly promote the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer cells. These data indicated that the overexpression of STC2 in pancreatic cancer contributes to the metastasis through the promotion of EMT, suggesting that STC2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Andrew, David P., Ming-shi Chang, Jennifer McNinch, Scott T. Wathen, Marynette Rihanek, Julia Tseng, Jason P. Spellberg i Chester G. Elias. "STCP-1 (MDC) CC Chemokine Acts Specifically on Chronically Activated Th2 Lymphocytes and Is Produced by Monocytes on Stimulation with Th2 Cytokines IL-4 and IL-13". Journal of Immunology 161, nr 9 (1.11.1998): 5027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.9.5027.
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Abstract STCP-1 stimulated T cell chemoattractant protein-1 (STCP-1) (macrophage-derived chemokine; MDC), a recently described CC chemokine for chronically activated T lymphocytes, was found to act specifically on a subset of memory CD4 lymphocytes that displayed a Th2 cytokine profile. Also, STCP-1, thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC), eotaxin, and eotaxin-2 acted specifically on in vitro derived Th2 lymphocytes, while IP-10 (IFN-γ-inducible 10-kDa protein) showed some preference for Th1 lymphocytes. The corresponding receptors for eotaxin, TARC, and IP-10 are also differentially expressed on Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes. In desensitization Ca flux experiments, TARC and STCP-1 bound to a common receptor and therefore at least one chemokine receptor for STCP-1 is CCR4. STCP-1 expression is restricted to immune cells. Dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages produce STCP-1 constitutively, while NK cells, monocytes, and CD4 lymphocytes produce STCP-1 upon appropriate stimulation. Production of STCP-1 is positively modulated by Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 but inhibited by IL-10.
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Gu, J., A. Y. S. Law, B. H. Y. Yeung i Chris K. C. Wong. "Characterization of stanniocalcin 1 binding and signaling in gill cells of Japanese eels". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 54, nr 3 (czerwiec 2015): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-14-0320.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a hypocalcemic hormone that is known to play an important role in calcium metabolism in teleost fish. An increase in blood Ca2+ levels stimulates its synthesis and release. The biological action of STC1 inhibits gill Ca2+ transport (GCAT), but we as yet have no clear understanding of how STC1 inhibits GCAT. In the present study, we characterized the binding, signaling, and action of STC1 on gill cells. Treatment of gill cell cultures with the extracts of corpuscles of Stannius or recombinant STC1 proteins (STC1–V5) led to an increase in cytosolic cAMP levels. Using in situ ligand-binding assays, we demonstrated that STC1–V5 binds to both lamellar and inter-lamellar regions of gill sections. The binding sites were significantly increased in gill sections obtained from fish adapted to high-Ca2+ (2 mM) freshwater (FW) as compared with those from fish adapted to low-Ca2+ (0.2 mM) FW. Receptor-binding assays illustrated specific binding of STC1-alkaline phosphatase to plasma membrane (Kd of 0.36 nM), mitochondria (Kd of 0.41 nM), and nuclear (Kd of 0.71 nM) preparations from gill cells. STC1 binding capacity was significantly greater in the plasma membrane preparations of gills obtained from fish adapted to high-Ca2+ FW. Using isolated pavement cells and mitochondria-rich cells in cAMP assays, we obtained results indicating that both cell types responded to STC1. To illustrate the biological action of STC1, we conducted Ca2+ imaging experiments to demonstrate the effects of STC1 on thapsigargin-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. Our results indicated that STC1 exerted its inhibitory action via a cAMP pathway to lower intracellular Ca2+ levels. Intriguingly, we were able to block the action of STC1 using an inhibitor, NS-398, of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is known to stimulate the activity of sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). A follow-up experiment in which gill cells were incubated with STC1 revealed a downregulation of the epithelial Ca2+ channel (ecacl) but an upregulation of cox-2 expression. The ECaCl is a gatekeeper for Ca2+ entry, whereas COX-2 mediates an activation of SERCA. Taking these results together, the present study is, to our knowledge, the first to provide evidence of STC1 binding and signaling as well as the first to decipher the mechanism of the effect of STC1 on fish gills.
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Aghajani Nargesi, Arash, Xiang-Yang Zhu, Yuanhang Liu, Hui Tang, Kyra L. Jordan, Lilach O. Lerman i Alfonso Eirin. "Renal Artery Stenosis Alters Gene Expression in Swine Scattered Tubular-Like Cells". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, nr 20 (12.10.2019): 5069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205069.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) proliferate and differentiate to support neighboring injured renal tubular cells during recovery from insults. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) induces renal ischemia and hypertension and leads to loss of kidney function, but whether RAS alters renal endogenous repair mechanisms, such as STCs, remains unknown. We hypothesize that RAS in swine modifies the messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of STCs, blunting their in vitro reparative capacity. Methods: CD24+/CD133+ STCs were isolated from pig kidneys after 10-weeks of RAS or sham (n = 3 each) and their gene cargo analyzed using high-throughput mRNAseq. Expression profiles for upregulated and downregulated mRNAs in RAS-STCs were functionally interpreted by gene ontology analysis. STC activation was assessed by counting the total number of STCs in pig kidney sections using flow cytometry, whereas cell proliferation was assessed in vitro. Results: Of all expressed genes, 1430 genes were upregulated and 315 downregulated in RAS- versus Normal-STCs. Expression of selected candidate genes followed the same fold change directions as the mRNAseq findings. Genes upregulated in RAS-STCs were involved in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and kidney development, whereas those downregulated in RAS-STCs are related to cell cycle and cytoskeleton. The percentage of STCs from dissociated kidney cells was higher in RAS versus Normal pigs, but their proliferation rate was blunted. Conclusions: Renal ischemia and hypertension in swine induce changes in the mRNA profile of STCs, associated with increased STC activation and impaired proliferation. These observations suggest that RAS may alter the reparative capacity of STCs.
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Haokip, Immanuel Chongboi, M. Homeshwari Devi, Sunil BH, Sanjay Srivastava, Subhash i R. Santhi. "Impacts of Long-Term Nutrient Management Based on Soil Test and Crop Response on Soil Health and Yield Sustainability in Typic Haplustalf". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, nr 24 (31.12.2023): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i244365.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We studied the effect of soil tests and crop response-based long-term nutrient management on yield sustainability and soil health under rice-rice system in a Typic Haplustalf. The experiment was designed in randomized block design having five treatments, viz, control, the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), STCR–NPK for target yield of 6 t ha–1 for kharif rice and 5 t ha–1 for rabi rice (STCR–NPK6), STCR–NPK for 7 t ha–1 for kharif rice and 6 t ha–1 for rabi rice (STCR–NPK7), and STCR–IPNS for 7 t ha–1 for kharif rice and 6 t ha–1 for rabi rice (STCR–IPNS7), and these treatments were replicated thrice. The 10-year mean data suggested that minimum yield was observed from control whereas highest was achieved in STCR–IPNS7 in both kharif as well as rabi seasons. The highest sustainable yield index (SYI) was 0.93 in kharif and 0.77 in rabi rice was observed under STCR–IPNS7, and lowest in control. Soil fertility status revealed that disregard for external application of nutrients resulted in depletion of 108 kg N, 11.6 kg P, and 200 kg K ha-1 and intensity of nutrient depletion was lowest in STCR–IPNS followed by STCR–NPK7, STCR–NPK6, and RDF. The urease, phosphatase, and dehydrogenase activities and microbial biomass C were found to be higher in STCR–IPNS when compared with other nutrient management practices while minimum values were recorded in the control.
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Kazeminia, Sara, Xiang Y. Zhu, Hui Tang, Kyra L. Jordan, Ishran M. Saadiq, Sandra M. Herrmann, Alejandro R. Chade, Maria V. Irazabal, Lilach O. Lerman i Alfonso Eirin. "Renal ischemia alters the transcriptomic and epigenetic profile of inflammatory genes in swine scattered tubular-like cells". Clinical Science 137, nr 16 (sierpień 2023): 1265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20230555.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background: Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) are differentiated renal tubular cells that during recovery from ischemic injury dedifferentiate to repair other injured renal cells. Renal artery stenosis (RAS), often associated with chronic inflammatory injury, compromises the integrity and function of STCs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that RAS alters the transcriptomic and epigenetic profile of inflammatory genes in swine STCs. Methods: STCs were harvested from pig kidneys after 10 weeks of RAS or sham (n=6 each). STC mRNA profiles of inflammatory genes were analyzed using high-throughput mRNA-sequencing (seq) and their DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) profiles by DNA immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) (n=3 each), followed by an integrated (mRNA-seq/MeDIP-seq) analysis. STC protein expression of candidate differentially expressed (DE) genes and common proinflammatory proteins were subsequently assessed in vitro before and after epigenetic (Bobcat339) modulation. Results: mRNA-seq identified 57 inflammatory genes up-regulated in RAS-STCs versus Normal-STCs (>1.4 or <0.7-fold, P<0.05), of which 14% exhibited lower 5mC and 5% higher 5hmC levels in RAS-STCs versus Normal-STCs, respectively. Inflammatory gene and protein expression was higher in RAS-STCs compared with Normal-STCs but normalized after epigenetic modulation. Conclusions: These observations highlight a novel modulatory mechanism of this renal endogenous repair system and support development of epigenetic or anti-inflammatory therapies to preserve the reparative capacity of STCs in individuals with RAS.
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Jiang, WQ, AC Chang, M. Satoh, Y. Furuichi, PP Tam i RR Reddel. "The distribution of stanniocalcin 1 protein in fetal mouse tissues suggests a role in bone and muscle development". Journal of Endocrinology 165, nr 2 (1.05.2000): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1650457.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We previously isolated a mammalian gene STC1 that encodes a glycoprotein related to stanniocalcin (STC), a fish hormone that plays a major role in calcium homeostasis. However, the mammalian STC1 gene is expressed in a variety of adult tissues in contrast to fish where STC is expressed only in one unique gland, the corpuscles of Stannius. This suggested that STC1 may have wider autocrine/paracrine functions in mammals. In the present study, using immunocytochemistry, we showed that STC1 protein is localized in the developing bone and muscle of the mouse fetus. During endochondral bone formation, STC1 is found principally in prechondrocytes and prehypertrophic chondrocytes. During intramembranous bone formation STC1 is present in the mesenchyme that is about to undergo ossification. STC1 is also found in the myocardiocytes of the developing heart and at all stages of differentiation from myoblasts to myotube formation in developing skeletal muscle. The specific localization of STC1 to chondrocytes and muscle cells suggests a role for this protein in chondrogenic and myogenic differentiation.
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Chang, Andy C. M., Jeon Cha, Frank Koentgen i Roger R. Reddel. "The Murine Stanniocalcin 1 Gene Is Not Essential for Growth and Development". Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, nr 23 (1.12.2005): 10604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.23.10604-10610.2005.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT The stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) gene is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, including the kidney, prostate, thyroid, bone, and ovary. STC1 protein is considered to have roles in many physiological processes, including bone development, reproduction, wound healing, angiogenesis, and modulation of inflammatory response. In fish, STC1 is a hormone that is secreted by the corpuscles of Stannius and is involved in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. To determine the role of STC1 in mammals, we generated Stc1-null mice by gene targeting. The number of Stc1 − / − mice obtained was in accordance with Mendelian ratios, and both males and females produced offspring normally. No anatomical or histological abnormalities were detected in any tissues. Our results demonstrated that Stc1 function is not essential for growth or reproduction in the mouse.
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Alpdogan, Onder, Deborah Ornstein, Tony Subtil, Stuart Seropian, Dennis L. Cooper i Francine Foss. "Outcomes in Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma (STCL)". Blood 112, nr 11 (16.11.2008): 3750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3750.3750.
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Abstract Subcutanous panniculitis–like T cell lymphoma (STCL) is a rare clinical entity which simulates panniculitis and can present with an aggressive clinical course. STCL is divided two major subgroups (αβ-STCL and γδ-STCL), according the T cell receptor expression on the malignant T cells. γδ-STCL is often associated with a more aggressive course and poor prognosis with an 11% 5-yr survival in a retrospective study of 20 cases, only 6 of which were confirmed by TCRδ -1 staining.1 We report our results from 10 patients with STCL, 2 BetaF1+ (αβ-STCL), 8 γδ-STCL. The median age at presentation was 43 (25–63); 7 of 10 were female. Immunohistochemical studies and TCR gene rearrangements (TCRR) were performed on all patients. Cytotoxic T-cell markers were expressed in all pts (TIA-1 in 8 of 10 and Granzyme B in 5). Six were CD8+ and 3 were CD3+CD4−CD8−. CD56 expression was detected in 3. All demonstrated clonal TCRR. All pts presented with skin nodules or ulcerations, and 3 had visceral involvement (blood/bone marrow in 2, liver in 1). Three patients (2αβ-STCL and γδ-STCL) were treated initially with denileukin diftitox; one each with αβ- and γδ- disease had PR on therapy and have been maintained without PD. Seven patients were treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. Four of 7 achieved a remission after EPOCH (2), denileukin diftitox-CHOP (1) or pentostatin/cyclophosphamide followed by alemtuzumab (1). Four pts (1 with refractory ab-STCL, 2 with refractory gd-STCL, and 1 with γδ-STCL in first CR after denileukin diftitox-CHOP) underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) from matched-related donors. Two patients are alive 6 and 13 months after HSCT with no evidence of disease; 1 patient died in CR from infectious complications of HSCT, and 1 relapsed 6 mo after HSCT and died from PD. At a median follow up of 3 yrs from diagnosis, 8 pts (80%) are alive, including the 2 pts with αβ-STCL and 6 of 8 pts with γδ-STCL. In summary, while γδ-STCL is reported in retrospective studies to have a poor prognosis, we demonstrate that aggressive therapies along with the incorporation of novel T-cell directed agents such as denileukin diftitox and alemtuzumab into treatment regimens and the use of allogeneic HSCT as a potentially curative therapy are promising approaches for these patients.
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Lanzagorta-Aresti, Aitor, Marta Perez-Lopez, Juan Maria Davo-Cabrera i Elena Palacios-Pozo. "Prospective pilot study comparing deep sclerectomy outcomes with a long-term and intense corticosteroid treatment versus a standard one". BMJ Open Ophthalmology 3, nr 1 (październik 2018): e000165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000165.
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ObjectiveTo compare prospectively intraocular pressure (IOP) results after deep sclerectomy (DS) using a topical short-term corticosteroid treatment (STCT, 1 month) versus a topical long-term and intense corticosteroid treatment (LTCT, 6 months) in a two2 year-follow-up.MethodsPatients with medically uncontrolled open angle glaucoma were prospectively recruited and underwent a DS.ResultsWe operated 45 eyes of 45 patients, 22 in STCT group and 23 in LTCT group. Median preoperative IOP was 27 (22–36.75) mm Hg for STCT and for 25 (22–28) mm Hg for LTCT group without significant difference (p=0.195). Median postoperative IOP was 4 (3–6.25) mm Hg in STCT group versus 2 (0–5) mm Hg in LTCT at day 1 (p=0.003); 8.5 (5.75–11.25) mm Hg (STCT) vs 6 (4–9) mm Hg (LTCT) at week 1 (p=0.079); 17.5 (14.75–22.25) mm Hg (STCT) vs 13 (10–14) mm Hg (LTCT) at month 1 (p=0.001); 16 (12–20) mm Hg (STCT) vs 12 (10–15) mm Hg (LTCT) at month 3 (p=0.008); 17 (14–20) mm Hg (STCT) vs 12 (10–14) mm Hg (LTCT) at month 6 (p=0.000); 16 (14–20) mm Hg (STCT) vs 14 (10–16) mm Hg (LTCT) at year 1 (p=0.002) and 17.5 (15–19) mm Hg (STCT) vs 14 (12–16) mm Hg (LTCT) at year 2 (p=0.001). The complete success rate was 54.5 % in STCT and 87 % in LTCT (p=0.018).ConclusionsA long-term and intensive postoperative treatment enhances success rate in DS compared with a standard protocol.
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Aydin, Asim Armagan, i Senay Yildirim. "Stanniocalcin-2 expression in glioblastoma – A novel prognostic biomarker: An observational study". Medicine 103, nr 28 (12.07.2024): e38913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000038913.
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The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic relevance of Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) expression, as determined via immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue, in a cohort of 83 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma who underwent maximal safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy concurrent with adjuvant temozolomide. STC2 expression levels were categorized using a 3-tiered semiquantitative system: negative expression (level 0−), low expression (level 1+), and high expression (levels 2 + and 3+). Patients were categorized into 2 distinct groups according to their STC2 expression levels: negative STC2 (−/+) and positive STC2 (++/+++). The primary outcome measure was the relationship between STC2 expression and progression-free survival (PFS), with overall survival (OS) serving as the secondary endpoint. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis confirmed that patients exhibiting high STC2 expression had significantly shorter OS (8 vs 20 months, P < .001) and PFS (6 vs 18 months, P < .001) than those with low or negative STC2 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that STC2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both OS (hazard ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.8; P < .05) and PFS (hazard ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.4; P < .05) in patients with glioblastoma. Furthermore, elevated STC2 expression in GBM was correlated with several established aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, including advanced age (≥65 years), low ECOG PS (≥2), and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation negativity. These findings underscore that heightened STC2 expression within the tumor tissue of GBM patients functions as an adverse prognostic marker, correlating with an elevated risk of progression and reduced OS. Therapeutic interventions targeting the AKT-mTOR, ERK1-2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade, as well as potential forthcoming antibody–drug conjugates targeting the STC2 molecule, have the potential to broaden the scope of combined treatment strategies.
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Sheikh-Hamad, David. "Mammalian stanniocalcin-1 activates mitochondrial antioxidant pathways: new paradigms for regulation of macrophages and endothelium". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 298, nr 2 (luty 2010): F248—F254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00260.2009.
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The mammalian homolog of the fish calcium regulatory hormone stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is ubiquitously expressed and likely functions in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. Mammalian STC1 does not appear to exert significant effects on serum calcium, and its physiological role remains to be determined. In macrophages, STC1 decreases intracellular calcium and cell mobility; attenuates the response to chemoattractants; and diminishes superoxide generation through induction of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). In cytokine-treated endothelial cells, STC1 attenuates superoxide generation and the activation of inflammatory pathways [c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB]; maintains the expression of tight junction proteins, preserving the endothelial monolayer seal; and decreases transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Combined, the effects of STC1 on endothelial cells and macrophages predict potent anti-inflammatory action. Indeed, application of the anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis model to STC1 transgenic mice that display increased expression of STC1 transgene in endothelial cells and macrophages yields renal protection. Our data suggest that STC1 activates antioxidant pathways in endothelial cells and macrophages and displays cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions.