Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / STATIC ATC DETERMINATION

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „STATIC ATC DETERMINATION”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "STATIC ATC DETERMINATION"

Al Imran, Al Imran. "Penentuan Kapabilitas Transfer Daya Listrik dengan Mempertimbangkan Stabilitas Tegangan Statis Menggunakan L Index". Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences 5, nr 2 (18.11.2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijfs.v5i2.11116.

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The ATC determination method in this study uses line thermal constraints by calculating reactive power flow, and using Linear Power Transfer Distribution Factor. The ATC determination considers the magnitude of the voltage magnitude and the static voltage stability of each bus after the power transfer simulation is performed. Static voltage stability is calculated using the L Index. The results showed that the transfer of power equal to the ATC value in an electric power system caused a decrease in voltage stability or an increase in the L index value on the receiving bus on average 19 times the initial loading condition, even though it was still at a stable level. While the receiver bus voltage magnitude has decreased

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Comartin, Craig D., Richard W. Niewiarowski, Sigmund A. Freeman i Fred M. Turner. "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings: A Practical Overview of the ATC 40 Document". Earthquake Spectra 16, nr 1 (luty 2000): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586093.

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The Applied Technology Council (ATC), with funding from the California Seismic Safety Commission developed the document, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, commonly referred to as ATC 40. This two-volume, 612-page report provides a recommended procedure for the seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings. Although the focus is specifically on concrete buildings, the document provides information on emerging techniques applicable to most building types. This paper provides an introduction and overview of the document. The conceptual basis of the procedures is performance-based design using nonlinear static structural analysis. The ATC 40 document comprises a practical guide to the entire evaluation and retrofit process. Topics include performance objectives, seismic hazard, determination of deficiencies, retrofit strategies, quality assurance procedures, nonlinear static analysis using the capacity spectrum method, modeling recommendations, foundation effects, and response limits.

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Sawicki, Antoni. "Diagnostics of Electric Arc versus the Development of Universal Mathematical Models". Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, nr 6 (grudzień 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2021.6/5.

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The article presents universal mathematical static current-voltage characteristics- based models of electric arc and indicates primary issues concerned with arc diagnostics related to the determination of the above-named models. Particular attention was paid to the experimental determination of AC-powered arc voltage. Diagnostics-related purposes involved the use of bridge systems with one or two sources of current. Computer-aided simulations involving sinusoidal and trapezoidal current-based excitations made it possible to demonstrate the possibility of obtaining minimum values of bridge unbalance voltage. Such a condition indicated the proper determination of AC-powered arc ignition voltage.

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Gradinarov, Deyan, Marina Manilova i Manahil Tongov. "EXPERIMENTAL REMOTE DETERMINATION OF THE STATIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ARC IN TIG WELDING". ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (13.06.2023): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol3.7203.

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In the conditions of TIG welding, the magnitude of the current is set, but not the voltage of the arc. To determine the arc voltage at a set current, arc length, type of electrode, sharpening angle and others, it is necessary to know the static characteristics of the welding arc. This dependence facilitates the use of simulation modelling methods of welding processes. In the proposed study, the static characteristics of the welding arc in TIG process with 4 types of electrodes were determined experimentally. The magnitude of the current was set in the range of 20 to 200A and the arc voltage was measured. All parameters are measured remotely by a real-time welding monitoring system and transferred to a remote computer via the Internet. Graphs were built based on the recordings, and the numerical results were processed and regression relationships were obtained.

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Lepak, Alexander J., Karen Marchillo, Jaimie VanHecker i David R. Andes. "Posaconazole Pharmacodynamic Target Determination against Wild-Type andCyp51Mutant Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus in anIn VivoModel of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, nr 1 (12.11.2012): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01279-12.

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ABSTRACTInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a devastating disease of immunocompromised patients. Pharmacodynamic (PD) examination of antifungal drug therapy in IPA is one strategy that may improve outcomes. The current study explored the PD target of posaconazole in an immunocompromised murine model of IPA against 10A. fumigatusisolates, including 4Cyp51wild-type isolates and 6 isolates carryingCyp51mutations conferring azole resistance. The posaconazole MIC range was 0.25 to 8 mg/liter. Following infection, mice were given 0.156 to 160 mg/kg of body weight of oral posaconazole daily for 7 days. Efficacy was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of lung homogenate and survival. At the start of therapy, mice had 5.59 ± 0.19 log10Aspergillusconidial equivalents (CE)/ml of lung homogenate, which increased to 7.11 ± 0.29 log10CE/ml of lung homogenate in untreated animals. The infection was uniformly lethal prior to the study endpoint in control mice. A Hill-type dose response function was used to model the relationship between posaconazole free drug area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC and qPCR lung burden. The static dose range was 1.09 to 51.9 mg/kg/24 h. The free drug AUC/MIC PD target was 1.09 ± 0.63 for the group of strains. The 1-log kill free drug AUC/MIC was 2.07 ± 1.02. The PD target was not significantly different for the wild-type and mutant organism groups. Mortality mirrored qPCR results, with the greatest improvement in survival noted at the same dosing regimens that produced static or cidal activity. Consideration of human pharmacokinetic data and the current static dose PD target would predict a clinical MIC threshold of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/liter.

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Ju, Jia Qi, Zhong Hang Wu, Zhen Liu Chen, Zhi Jiang He, Long He, Ze Bin Li i Rong Qng Liang. "Coating Quartz Arc Tube with Polycrystalline Alumina for High Intensity Discharge Lamps". Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (lipiec 2013): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.219.

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This research developed and optimized the methods for simultaneous determination of tetracycline (TCs), macrolide (MLs) and sulfonamide (SAs) antibiotics in soils using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)- solid-phase extraction (SPE)-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Methanol-citric acid (pH=4.7) was used as extraction solvent, diatomite (washed by EDTA) was used as dispersing agent. Firstly, soil was extracted by ASE with the parameter conditions: pressure 1500 psi, temperature 70°C, static 10 min, 1 circle, then pre-concentration by SPE and followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Recovery was 86.3%~97.4% for SAs, 67.3%~87.4% for TCs and 68.4%~78.3% for MLs. RSD < 9 % and r > 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) was 0.5~0.9 ug/kg for SAs, 0.2~1.1 ug/kg for TCs and 0.2~0.3 ug/kg for MLs. This method determined 9 kinds of antibiotics within 15 min, the determination accuracy can meet the requirements of actual analysis.

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Lee, Christopher M., Gordon A. Watson i Dennis D. Leavitt. "Dynamic collimator optimization compared with fixed collimator angle in arc-based stereotactic radiotherapy: a dosimetric analysis". Neurosurgical Focus 19, nr 1 (lipiec 2005): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2005.19.1.13.

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Object The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of static and dynamic collimator optimization when using a micromultileaf collimator (mMLC) in dynamic-arc stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) by evaluating the dose to healthy peritumoral tissue. Methods Thirty patients previously treated for intracranial lesions with the BrainLAB mMLC underwent retrospective replanning. Three collimator optimization strategies were compared for a simulated SRS treatment plan, as follows: Strategy 1, static collimation fixed at 90° throughout arcs; Strategy 2, static collimator settings optimized for each arc; and Strategy 3, dynamic collimator settings optimized every 10° throughout treatment arcs. Dose–volume histograms for a 0.7-cm shell of healthy peritumoral tissue were quantitatively compared. Collimator optimization schemes (Strategies 2 and 3) significantly decreased the volume of peritumoral tissue that is irradiated when compared with static collimation at 90° (Strategy 1). The volume was reduced by 40.6% for Strategy 2 (95% confidence interval [CI] ± 11) and by 47.1% for Strategy 3 (95% CI ± 8.1) at the 95% isodose; by 28.4% for Strategy 2 (95% CI ± 4.9) and 39.1% for Strategy 3 (95% CI ± 6) at the 90% isodose; and by 18.2% for Strategy 2 (95% CI ± 8.1) and 25.4% for Strategy 3 (95% CI ± 7.1) at the 80% isodose. Serial collimator optimization throughout the treatment arcs (Strategy 3) reduced the mean volume of peritumoral tissue irradiated when compared with static collimator optimization (Strategy 2), by 16.1% (95% CI ± 1.5) at 95% isodose, by 11.7% (95% CI ± 1) at 90% isodose, and by 8.2% (95% CI ± 1.2) at 80% isodose regions. In specific cases, linear or polynomial functions were formulated to optimize collimator settings dynamically throughout treatment arcs. Conclusions Dynamic collimator optimization during arc-based SRS decreases the volume of healthy peritumoral tissue treated with high doses of radiation and appears to be an effective method of improving target conformality. This study is the first step toward determination of a smoothing function algorithm to allow for true dynamic collimation during SRS.

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Slávik, Richard, Alena Struhárová i Miroslav Čekon. "Reliability Study of Equilibrium Moisture Content Methods for Sorption/Desorption Isotherms Determination of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete". Applied Sciences 11, nr 2 (17.01.2021): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020824.

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Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) and its hygric parameters are a highly important issue in the field of building physics. There are several methods currently available to determine the equilibrium moisture content of building materials. Beside the conventional ones, new methods are constantly being introduced. This study explores the sorption/desorption properties of of three types of commercially produced AACs with three different bulk densities and demonstrates the application of the relevant methods available to characterize these parameters. The reliable characterization of the studied material was done through the conventional static approach, using the desiccator and an environmental chamber, and a new automated method of dynamic vapor sorption is implemented. The goal is to compare and identify the reliability of all methods used with respect to the efficiency of the data measurement process. Sound consistency between the results of the conventional methods and the experimental data obtained indicates the dynamic vapor sorption technique is highly reliable when measuring the equilibrium moisture content—particularly exemplified during the AAC sample testing. Therefore, the methodology developed in this study is expected to provide the reference for measuring the sorption/desorption isotherms of building materials with both static and automated techniques.

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Lepak, Alexander J., Karen Marchillo, Jamie VanHecker i David R. Andes. "Isavuconazole (BAL4815) Pharmacodynamic Target Determination in anIn VivoMurine Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis against Wild-Type andcyp51Mutant Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, nr 12 (7.10.2013): 6284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01355-13.

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ABSTRACTInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) continues to rise in concert with increasing numbers of immune suppression techniques to treat other medical conditions and transplantation. Despite these advances, morbidity and mortality rates remain unacceptably high. One strategy used to optimize outcomes is antifungal pharmacodynamic (PD) examination. We explored the pharmacodynamics of a new triazole in development, isavuconazole, in a murine neutropenic IPA model. TenA. fumigatusisolates were used, including four wild-type isolates and sixcyp51mutants. The MIC range was 0.125 to 8 mg/liter. Following infection, groups of mice were treated orally with the prodrug (BAL8557) at 40 to 640 mg/kg/12 h for 7 days. Efficacy was determined by quantitative PCR of lung homogenates. At the start of therapy, mice had 4.97 log10conidial equivalents (CE)/ml of lung homogenate, and this increased to 6.82 log10CE/ml of lung homogenate in untreated animals. The infection model was uniformly lethal in untreated control mice. The PD target endpoints examined included the static-dose AUC/MIC ratio and the 1-log10killing AUC/MIC ratio. A stasis endpoint was achieved for all isolates with an MIC of ≤1 mg/liter and 1-log10killing in all isolates with an MIC of ≤0.5 mg/liter, regardless of the presence or absence of thecyp51mutation. The static-dose range was 65 to 617 mg/kg/12 h. The corresponding median free-drug AUC/MIC ratio was near 5. The 1-log10killing dose range was 147 to 455 mg/kg/12 h, and the corresponding median free-drug AUC/MIC ratio was 11.1. These values are similar to those previously reported for other triazoles.

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Kablov, E. N., A. V. Grinevich, A. V. Slavin, I. V. Kabanov, V. I. Gromov, A. Yu Ampilogov, N. O. Yakovlev, A. N. Polyakov i N. A. Yakusheva. "Design characteristics of the strength of VKS-9M and 300M steels". Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 88, nr 3 (27.03.2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2022-88-3-51-60.

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The mechanical properties of square section (up to 350 mm) forgings made of domestic steel VKS-9M (obtained by the duplex process of vacuum induction melting plus vacuum arc remelting) are studied. The mechanical properties of steel VKS-9M and American high-strength structural steel 300M are compared in terms of the calculated characteristics of materials. We extend the concept of «design characteristics of materials» to all the mechanical properties of materials used in determination of the strength and durability of structures. The design characteristics of materials include the strength characteristics under quasi-static tension, compression, crushing and shearing, as well as the strength under variable loads and the crack resistance of the material. The correctness of comparing the calculated values of the static strength of steels VKS-9M and 300M is based on the identity of test methods and the equivalence of processing and presentation of test results. The determination of the strength characteristics was carried out according to domestic standards, which are basically harmonized with the American standards. A difficult situation arises when determining the strength indicators of a newly developed material. Nowel material, as a rule, is developed in laboratory conditions, produced on experimental equipment in small volumes, and, therefore, the statistical assessment of the general population at the development stage is unreliable. In conditions of the full-scale manufacture of industrial semi-finished products, a statistical assessment of their strength characteristics becomes necessary. In the aviation industry, a statistical assessment of the calculated values of the strength characteristics of the material is prescribed by the law. The airworthiness standards set the levels of the calculated values of strength characteristics with a certain probability of non-destruction. For parts, the destruction of which can lead to an accident, the calculated values of the strength characteristics of materials should be selected in such a way that the strength of the material is to be ensured with a probability of 99% — with a 95% confidence interval (basis «A»). Statistical evaluation of the static strength characteristics of two heats of VKS-9M steel on the basis of «A» revealed their insignificant excess in comparison with steel 300M. The data obtained allow us to believe that the calculated values of the static strength characteristics of VKS-9M steel will not be lower than the calculated values for 300M steel. Large-scale fatigue tests of VKS-9M steel were carried out, which proved that the fatigue characteristics of VKS-9M and 300M steels practically coincide, as well as the arrays of their determinations. The equivalence of the strength characteristics of the VKS-9M and 300M steels allows replacement of the American 300M steel by the domestic VKS-9M steel.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "STATIC ATC DETERMINATION"

Veile, Bradley 1956. "Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 93-638) from 1975 to 1989: A look at educational aspects". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277185.

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This paper examines Public Law 93-638, the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, from its origins to the present. Subsequent laws which have had an impact on the original statute are viewed through their legislative history, legal implications, and effect. Contract schools under the legislation are discussed in regards to their number, location, and structure. A critical look at Indian education is provided along with general comments on contracting under PL 93-638.

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SINGH, VIKAS. "STATIC AVAILABLE TRANSFER CAPABILITY ENHANCEMENT USING ‘UPFC’ UNDER CONTINGENCIES". Thesis, 2012. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/13957.

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M.TECH
A combination of lack of investment and environmental issues results in lack of building of new transmission infrastructure. This leads to a requirement for better utilization of existing transmission network. The ATC is defined as a measure of the transfer capability remaining in the physical transmission network for further commercial activity over and above already committed uses" This index is often used as a measure of additional power that can be securely transferred by a transmission network. The Available Transfer Capability (ATC) depends on a number of factors such as system generation dispatch, system load level, load distribution in the network, power transfer between areas and the limit imposed on the transmission network due to thermal, voltage and stability considerations. The computation of ATC is very important to the transmission system security and market forecasting. While the power marketers are focusing on fully utilizing the transmission system, engineers are concern with the transmission system security as any power transfers over the limit might result in system instability With development of power market, bilateral trade increase greatly. The higher and higher challenges to the reliable and economic operation of power grid have been posed. While Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) is for a new solving method, it brings an unprecedented turning point in power flow control, stability and transmission capacity and improves power system. Placement of FACTS controller may be quite effective for enhancing The ATC of power system due to their capability to improve line voltage and control power flow through lines. Out of all the FACTS devices, placement of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) seems to the more effective in enhancing available transfer capability of the transmission network due to its ability to control series and shunt parameters simultaneously.

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Książki na temat "STATIC ATC DETERMINATION"

GOVERNMENT, US. Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Reauthorize the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Management, United States Bureau of Land. NEPA Guidebook: For writing environmental assessments, categorical exclusions, and administrative determinations. [Place of publication not identified]: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1999.

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United States. Air Mobility Command., red. Clean Air Act general conformity determination: Realignment of Travis Air Force Base, California. [Scott AFB, Ill.]: Department of the Air Force, Air Mobility Command, 1994.

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Service, United States Forest, red. Sustaining forests and communities: Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-determination Act, 2000-2007. Washington, D.C: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2008.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ). Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996: Report (to accompany S. 1210). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996: Report (to accompany S. 1210). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Office, General Accounting. Davis-Bacon Act: Labor's actions have potential to improve wage determinations : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 1999.

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Housing, United States Dept of Housing and Urban Development Office of Public and Indian. Providing assistance to non low-income Indian families under the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban development, Office of Public and Indian Housing, 1999.

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Części książek na temat "STATIC ATC DETERMINATION"

Yamanaka, Masao. "Effective Delayed Neutron Fraction". W Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, 83–123. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_4.

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AbstractIn kinetic analyses on ADS, although adjoint flux distribution is defined under the existence of an external neutron source, an issue of the proper determination of the weighting function still remains in the definition to obtain the kinetics parameters in the fixed-source calculations. Here, an alternative methodology is proposed with the combined use of the k-ratio method and the reaction rates obtained by the fixed-source calculations, when the subcriticality level or the spectrum of the external neutron source is varied. In ADS experiments, the measurement of βeff is expected to provide complementary verification of the calculation and reliability of nuclear data. Then, the formulation of the Rossi-α method in the pulsed-neutron source has been already available for application to the subcriticality measurement in the pulsed-neutron source (PNS) experiments. Accordingly, the methodology is applied uniquely to deduce the βeff value with the pulsed-neutron source (spallation neutrons), with the combined use of the results of experiments and calculations. Using parameters α and ρ$, the values of βeff/Λ are deduced at near-critical configurations through experimental analyses. To estimate the numerical precision of Λ, the value of βeff/Λ is used as an index of Λ evaluation that is defined by a ratio of Λ values in the super-critical and subcritical states.

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Mayer, Benoit. "The Requisite Level of Mitigation Action". W International Law Obligations on Climate Change Mitigation, 227—C6.N383. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843661.003.0006.

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Abstract This chapter assesses the possibility of quantifying a state’s requisite level of mitigation action—that is to say, determining the stringency of the mitigation outcomes that a state would have to achieve in order to comply with its general mitigation obligations. The chapter reveals that this determination faces major obstacles. While states have outlined some collective objectives, they have neither accepted an obligation to act consistently with these objectives nor defined what these objectives mean for either collective or individual action on climate change mitigation. Various arguments that have been advanced in the context of domestic litigation rely on illusory legal or scientific benchmarks. Until states agree on more specific objectives and burden-sharing criteria, a judicial determination of a state’s requisite level of mitigation action may not be entirely impossible, but it would inevitably involve an unusual degree of judicial discretion.

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"The Developing Norm of Self-Determination". W At the Edge of the State: Indigenous Peoples and Self Determination, 109–42. Brill | Nijhoff, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478725_007.

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Lang, Gerald. "Resultant Luck and the Irrelevance Intuition". W Strokes of Luck, 52–81. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868507.003.0003.

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This chapter investigates the ‘Irrelevance Intuition’, which is the intuition that judgements of blameworthiness containing any element of resultant luck are irrelevant for judging agents. It deploys a number of claims against the Irrelevance Intuition. It holds that our interest in outcomes is fundamental, and these outcomes must in principle be relevant to the moral appraisal of agents who have acted wrongly (‘Relevance Claim’). It denies an agent a complaint against the fact her blameworthiness may exceed the blameworthiness of an identically motivated agent whose act caused less harm on the grounds that this agent had the option of not acting wrongly in the first place (‘Denial Claim’). And it holds that agents acting from descriptively identical mental states may differ in badness as a result of how their acts turn out on the grounds that their mental states differ in badness (‘Determination Claim’). The Determination Claim confirms that the main argument given for the Restricted Account is thoroughly externalist. The Restricted Account makes some allowance for acts prompted by ignorance or irrationality, and for acts that turn out in entirely unforeseeable ways.

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Adkison, Danny M., i Lisa McNair Palmer. "Corporations". W The Oklahoma State Constitution, 151–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514818.003.0014.

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This chapter examines Article IX of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns the powers, limits, and regulation of corporations. The prodigious length of the article reflects the importance of corporations in the economic life of Oklahoma, and the determination of the framers to bring them under regulatory control, to the point of micromanagement. Concern about discriminatory rates charged by railroads and pipelines was foremost, but the authority conferred by Article IX is broad enough to allow the legislature to regulate a variety of other enterprises as well, including electric, gas, and water companies; oil and natural gas production; and conservation, cotton gins, motor carriers, telephone and telegraph lines; and even ice plants. The framers borrowed freely from the constitutions and statutes of other states—especially the Virginia constitution, the Texas constitution, and the Texas Railway Act—as models for Article IX. Whole sections were often copied verbatim. Moreover, often competing strains of waning Populism and rising Progressivism of the early 1900s pervade this article.

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Muramoto, Osamu. "Ethical Controversy Surrounding the Revision of the Uniform Determination of Death Act in the United States". W Contemporary Issues in Clinical Bioethics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002031.

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This chapter reviews fundamental ethical controversy surrounding the ongoing effort to revise the Uniform Determination of Death Act in the United States. Instead of focusing on the process of the revision itself, the chapter explores the underlying ethical debate over brain death that has been ongoing for many decades and finally culminated in this revision. Three issues are focused: the requirement for consent and personal exemptions before applying brain death for the diagnosis of death; redefining the areas of the brain that have ceased to function in the definition of brain death; and codifying the American Academy of Neurology as the authority to issue the standards of the diagnosis of brain death. The chapter concludes that allowing the personal choice of death determination gives a pragmatic compromise to the disputed definition and practice of diagnosing brain death. So long as all risks and imperfections of the diagnosis are accepted through the consenting process, there is nothing ethically objectionable to continuing the current practice of diagnosing brain death as a successful tool to facilitate heart-beating organ donation without violating the dead-donor rule. By contrast, precluding personal choice and imposing legal restrictions to consent and exemptions would further erode public trust.

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"A Proposal". W At the Edge of the State: Indigenous Peoples and Self Determination, 183–208. Brill | Nijhoff, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478725_009.

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"The Situation of Indigenous Peoples Today". W At the Edge of the State: Indigenous Peoples and Self Determination, 1–39. Brill | Nijhoff, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478725_004.

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"The Indigenous Assertion of Self-Determination at the United Nations". W At the Edge of the State: Indigenous Peoples and Self Determination, 41–84. Brill | Nijhoff, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478725_005.

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"The Historical Context of the Right to Self-Determination". W At the Edge of the State: Indigenous Peoples and Self Determination, 85–107. Brill | Nijhoff, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478725_006.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "STATIC ATC DETERMINATION"

Drimitriev, Stepan A., Sergey I. Semenenko i Anton A. Suvorov. "Complex load bus static load characteristics determination using passive experiment method". W 2018 17th International Ural Conference on AC Electric Drives (ACED). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aced.2018.8341711.

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Kenawi, Ihsan M., George Maroulis i Theodore E. Simos. "A Concise Survey of Some Experimental Determinations of Static Dipole Polarizability". W COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: Advances in Computational Science: Lectures presented at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2008 (ICCMSE 2008). AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3225314.

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Mahmoud, Ahmed Abdulhamid, Salaheldin Elkatatny, Abdulwahab Ali i Tamer Moussa. "A Self-Adaptive Artificial Neural Network Technique to Estimate Static Young's Modulus Based on Well Logs". W SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200139-ms.

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Abstract Static Young's modulus (Estatic) is an essential parameter needed to develop the earth geomechanical model, Young's modulus (E) considerably varies with the change in the lithology. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques were used to estimate Estatic for carbonate formation. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) was used to estimate Estatic for sandstone formation. In this study, the ANN design parameters were optimized using the self-adaptive differential evolution (SaDE) optimization algorithm. The ANN model was trained to predict Estatic from conventional well log data such as bulk density, compressional time, and shear time. 409 data points from Well-A were used to train the ANN model which was then tested using 183 unseen data from the same well and validated on 11 data points from a different well (Well-B). The developed SaDE-ANN model estimated Estatic for the training data set with a very low average absolute percentage error (AAPE) of 0.46%, very high correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999 and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9978. And the Estatic values of testing data set were estimated with AAPE, R, and R2 of 1.46%, 0.998, and 0.9951, respectively. These results confirmed the high accuracy of the developed Estatic model.

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Kuny, James, John Lesko, Richard Lewis i William Hay. "Pressure Panel Design and Application for the Measurement of Wave Impacts". W SNAME 22nd American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-1989-026.

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The design of high-performance ships (SES, Hydrofoil, Swath) frequently involves the determination of secondary (wave impacts) loads. An inability to accurately determine wave impact pressures analytically necessitates model testing to provide this in formation. Conventional pressure transducers which sense pressure over a small area do not accurately measure the load experienced by a panel/grillage combination. Thus, by employing a transducer that models the stiffness, area and dynamic characteristics of the structure in question, structural responses to wave impacts can be measured. From the responses of these statically calibrated panels /grillages, equivalent uniform static pressures can be directly measured so as to provide secondary load design criteria.

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Marshall, Jeremy T., Mary E. F. Kasarda i Joe Imlach. "A Multi-Point Measurement Technique for the Enhancement of Force Measurement With Active Magnetic Bearings". W ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0246.

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Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) have the unique capability to act concurrently as support bearings and load cells for measuring shaft forces. Current state-of-the-art methods for force measurement rely on models with limited accuracy due to effects which are difficult to characterize such as fringing, leakage, and variations in material properties. In addition, these effects may be a function of actual air gaps which are difficult to determine in a dynamic operating environment. This paper discusses a new force measurement methodology that inherently accounts for these types of effects and other system uncertainties by utilizing multiple sets of current pairs in opposing actuators, in conjunction with a calculation algorithm, to accurately determine the force applied by the AMB. This new multi-point methodology allows for the determination of bearing forces from information on basic actuator geometry and control currents only, with no knowledge of actual operating air gaps required. The inherent nature of the methodology accounts for model uncertainties such as fringing, leakage, and other system unknowns. Initial static experimental test results are presented demonstrating 3% error in measuring the nominal determined bearing load, and a variation in calculated forces of less than 5% in most cases (8% in one case) when the location of the rotor within the bearing stator is modified. For the analogous conventional single-point measurements, the results show 15% error and 23% variation.

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Bhattiprolu, Udbhau, Patricia Davies i Anil K. Bajaj. "Response of a Beam on Nonlinear Viscoelastic Unilateral Foundation and Numerical Challenges". W ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48776.

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Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior is a characteristic of many engineering materials and also biological tissue, yet it is difficult to develop dynamic models of systems that include these materials and are able to predict system behavior over a wide range of excitations. This research is focused on a specific example system in the form of a pinned-pinned beam interacting with polyurethane foam. Two cases are considered: (1) the beam and foam are glued so that they are always in contact and the foam can undergo both stretching and compression, and (2) the beam and foam are not glued so that the contact region changes with beam motion, and the foam only reacts in compression. Static as well as dynamic forces act on the beam and the Galerkin method is used to derive modal amplitude equations for the beam on polyurethane foundation. In the second case, determination of the loss of contact points is integrated into the solution procedure through a constraint relation. The static responses for both cases are examined as a function of the foam nonlinearity and loading conditions, and three and five mode solutions are compared. The steady state response of the system subject to static and harmonic loads is studied by using numerical integration techniques. Numerical challenges and the accuracy of this approach are discussed. Frequency responses are generated for a range of foam nonlinearities and loading conditions.

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Straub, Craig A., i Allan M. Hale. "The Post-Rapanos Predicament: An Application of the Jurisdictional Determination Form". W 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64276.

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On June 5, 2007, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issued joint guidance (herein the Rapanos Guidance) interpreting the U.S. Supreme Court’s divided Rapanos v. United States decision on the geographic extent of regulatory jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. The technical document, “Jurisdictional Determination Form Instructional Guidebook” uses ambiguous language regarding implementation of the guidance manual. Pursuant to the Rapanos guidance, traditionally navigable waters (TNW), relatively permanent tributaries to these waters, and wetlands directly abutting such tributaries are “categorically” jurisdictional, while non-navigable tributaries that are not relatively permanent, wetlands adjacent to such tributaries, and wetlands that are adjacent to but do not directly abut a relatively permanent non-navigable tributary, are jurisdictional only if they have a “significant nexus” to a TNW. A critical issue for permit applications is whether the proposed activity will be subject to a categorical assertion of regulatory jurisdiction, or to a more involved “significant nexus analysis.” The scientific and environmental analyses of permit applications encountering a significant nexus analysis is designed to undergo additional review by the EPA. At the present time, the Guidance is deficient in providing definitive instruction for determining whether a significant nexus is present between a non-navigable tributary with non-permanent flow and a TNW. Our project allowed implementation of the Guidance and involved the installation of 264 miles of pipeline and permit negotiation with three separate Corps districts. Assessment of 483 streams and 189 wetlands was performed using the newly developed Jurisdictional Determination Forms. An interdisciplinary team approach was developed by integrating the knowledge bases of geographers and ecologists. Databases and maps were developed to allow collective assessment of potential waters of the U.S. within the context of the Rapanos ruling. Because of the Guidance’s ambiguity, it was necessary to develop a defensible approach with detailed concepts and terms to adequately implement the Jurisdictional Determination process to the satisfaction of regulators responsible for the implementation of the jurisdictional determination guidance manual.

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Burns, Kory, Khalid Hattar i Assel Aitkaliyeva. "Direct Determination of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Low-dimensional MoS2." W Proposed for presentation at the MRS Fall 2021 held November 29-December 3, 2021 in Boston, MA United States of America. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1900568.

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Kobayashi, Takaya, i Tomotaka Ogasawara. "Post-Buckling Analyses of Elastic Circular Cylindrical Shells Under Axial Compression". W ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71532.

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In the design of a modern lightweight structure, it is of technical importance to assure its safety against the buckling under the applied loading conditions. For this issue, the determination of the critical load in an ideal condition is not sufficient, but it is further required to clarify the post-buckling behavior, that is, the behavior of the structure after passing through the critical load. One of the reasons is to estimate the effect of practically unavoidable imperfections on the critical load and the second is to evaluate the ultimate strength to exploit the load-carrying capacity of the structure. For the buckling problem of circular cylindrical shells under axial compression, a number of experimental and theoretical studies have been made by many researchers. In the case of the very thin shell that exhibits elastic buckling, experimental results show that after the primary buckling, secondary buckling takes place accompanying successive reductions in the number of the circumferential waves in each mode change on one-by-one step. In this paper we traced this successive buckling of circular cylindrical shells using some of the general purpose implicit FEM codes currently available. For geometrically nonlinear static problems including buckling and post-buckling, we carried out our studies with two approaches; one is to use the arc length method (the modified Riks method), and the other is stabilizing with the aid of (artificial) damping especially for the local instability. Our analysis procedure consists of the following 2 steps. Before reaching the point exhibiting the comparatively stable state after the primary buckling, the arc length method is applied. After that point, the artificial damping is applied. The results simulate unstable successive buckling and show good agreement with experiments.

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Hakes Weston-Dawkes, Raquel, Andrew Murphy, Ari Frankel, Sean Maharrey, Matthew Kury, Ryan Keedy, John Hewson, Brent Houchens i Sarah Scott. "Determination of Kinetic Parameters for Carbon Fiber and Glass Fiber Epoxy Composites Decomposition." W Proposed for presentation at the ASTM Symposium on Obtaining Data for Fire Growth Models held December 14-15, 2021 in , United States. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1902851.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "STATIC ATC DETERMINATION"

Upadhyaya, Shrini K., Abraham Shaviv, Abraham Katzir, Itzhak Shmulevich i David S. Slaughter. Development of A Real-Time, In-Situ Nitrate Sensor. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586537.bard.

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Although nitrate fertilizers are critical for enhancing crop production, excess application of nitrate fertilizer can result in ground water contamination leading to the so called "nitrate problem". Health and environmental problems related to this "nitrate problem" have led to serious concerns in many parts of the world including the United States and Israel. These concerns have resulted in legislation limiting the amount of nitrate N in drinking water to 10mg/g. Development of a fast, reliable, nitrate sensor for in-situ application can be extremely useful in dynamic monitoring of environmentally sensitive locations and applying site-specific amounts of nitrate fertilizer in a precision farming system. The long range objective of this study is to develop a fast, reliable, real-time nitrate sensor. The specific objective of this one year feasibility study was to explore the possible use of nitrate sensor based on mid-IR spectroscopy developed at UCD along with the silver halide fiber ATR (i.e. attenuated total internal reflection) sensor developed at TAU to detect nitrate content in solution and soil paste in the presence of interfering compounds. Experiments conducted at Technion and UCD clearly demonstrate the feasibility of detecting nitrate content in solutions as well as soil pastes using mid-IR spectroscopy and an ATR technique. When interfering compounds such as carbonates, bicarbonates, organic matter etc. are present special data analysis technique such as singular value decomposition (SYD) or cross correlation was necessary to detect nitrate concentrations successfully. Experiments conducted in Israel show that silver halide ATR fiber based FEWS, particularly flat FEWS, resulted in low standard error and high coefficient of determination (i.e. R² values) indicating the potential of the flat Fiberoptic Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) for direct determinations of nitrate. Moreover, they found that it was possible to detect nitrate and other anion concentrations using anion exchange membranes and M1R spectroscopy. The combination of the ion-exchange membranes with fiberoptices offers one more option to direct determination of nitrate in environmental systems.

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George, Hawley i Owston. PR-015-09603-R01 LNG Measurement Uncertainty Analysis. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), wrzesień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010699.

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The U.S. natural gas industry is expected to import increasing amounts of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the near future. When an LNG tanker ship arrives at an LNG terminal, the quantity of LNG transferred to the terminal is found by measuring the changes in static volume within the ships tanks. The LNG volume is inferred from measurements of the liquid height, along with tables of tank characteristics predetermined by a method known as �tank strapping.� Once transferred, the LNG is then regasified at the terminal before being sent to limited distribution companies (LDCs) or power plants. There is concern that the basis for uncertainty estimates in the energy content of the transferred LNG (typically taken as �0.5% to �0.6%) may underestimate the true magnitude of measurement uncertainties. Dynamic methods of liquid flow measurement, gas flow measurement, product sampling, and composition determination used elsewhere in the energy industry may reduce the measurement uncertainties at the LNG terminal, as they relate to terminal balances. Measurement uncertainties for conventional meters and equipment placed into LNG service may lead to more accurate LNG measurement and reduced lost-andunaccounted for (LAUF) quantities at receipt terminals. This report describes research to evaluate the measurement uncertainties associated with both static and dynamic methods of determining LNG volumes and energy content delivered to, processed by, and shipped from, LNG terminals. This was performed to determine whether dynamic methods are potentially more effective than existing static methods for accurate measurements and LAUF determination at LNG terminals. Another objective of the research was to establish which methods offer the most potential for reducing custody transfer measurement uncertainty and LAUF within LNG receipt terminals.

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Zimmerman i Chen. L51769 Limit States and Reliability-Based Pipeline Design. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), czerwiec 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010325.

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The objective is to develop fully calibrated limit states design (LSD) procedures for pipelines. Limit states design, also known as load and resistance factor design (LRFD), provides a unified approach to dealing with all relevant failure modes and load combinations of concern. It explicitly accounts for the uncertainties that naturally occur in the determination of the loads which act on a pipeline and in the resistance of the pipe to failure. The load and resistance factors used are based on reliability considerations; however, the designer is not faced with carrying out probabilistic calculations. LSD suggests that if pipelines are designed directly for those scenarios which are known to be the major causes of pipeline failure, the result will be better design in terms of both safety and economy. This study shows that LSD is a rational and logical design process that can provide consistent levels of safety and give the designer a clear picture of the structural response of the pipe for all credible failure modes.

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Adams, Sunny, Madison Story i Adam Smith. Evaluation of 11 buildings in the Fort McCoy cantonment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45350.

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The United States Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. Fort McCoy is in west-central Wisconsin, entirely within Monroe County. It was first established as the Sparta Maneuver Tract in 1909. The post was renamed Camp McCoy in 1926. Since 1974, it has been known as Fort McCoy. This report provides historic context and determinations of eligibility for buildings in the cantonment constructed between 1946 and 1975 and concludes that none are eligible for the NRHP. In consultation with the Wisconsin State Historic Preservation Officer (WISHPO), this work fulfills Section 110 requirements for these buildings.

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Weller, Joel I., Derek M. Bickhart, Micha Ron, Eyal Seroussi, George Liu i George R. Wiggans. Determination of actual polymorphisms responsible for economic trait variation in dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600017.bard.

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The project’s general objectives were to determine specific polymorphisms at the DNA level responsible for observed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to estimate their effects, frequencies, and selection potential in the Holstein dairy cattle breed. The specific objectives were to (1) localize the causative polymorphisms to small chromosomal segments based on analysis of 52 U.S. Holstein bulls each with at least 100 sons with high-reliability genetic evaluations using the a posteriori granddaughter design; (2) sequence the complete genomes of at least 40 of those bulls to 20 coverage; (3) determine causative polymorphisms based on concordance between the bulls’ genotypes for specific polymorphisms and their status for a QTL; (4) validate putative quantitative trait variants by genotyping a sample of Israeli Holstein cows; and (5) perform gene expression analysis using statistical methodologies, including determination of signatures of selection, based on somatic cells of cows that are homozygous for contrasting quantitative trait variants; and (6) analyze genes with putative quantitative trait variants using data mining techniques. Current methods for genomic evaluation are based on population-wide linkage disequilibrium between markers and actual alleles that affect traits of interest. Those methods have approximately doubled the rate of genetic gain for most traits in the U.S. Holstein population. With determination of causative polymorphisms, increasing the accuracy of genomic evaluations should be possible by including those genotypes as fixed effects in the analysis models. Determination of causative polymorphisms should also yield useful information on gene function and genetic architecture of complex traits. Concordance between QTL genotype as determined by the a posteriori granddaughter design and marker genotype was determined for 30 trait-by-chromosomal segment effects that are segregating in the U.S. Holstein population; a probability of <10²⁰ was used to accept the null hypothesis that no segregating gene within the chromosomal segment was affecting the trait. Genotypes for 83 grandsires and 17,217 sons were determined by either complete sequence or imputation for 3,148,506 polymorphisms across the entire genome. Variant sites were identified from previous studies (such as the 1000 Bull Genomes Project) and from DNA sequencing of bulls unique to this project, which is one of the largest marker variant surveys conducted for the Holstein breed of cattle. Effects for stature on chromosome 11, daughter pregnancy rate on chromosome 18, and protein percentage on chromosome 20 met 3 criteria: (1) complete or nearly complete concordance, (2) nominal significance of the polymorphism effect after correction for all other polymorphisms, and (3) marker coefficient of determination >40% of total multiple-regression coefficient of determination for the 30 polymorphisms with highest concordance. The missense polymorphism Phe279Tyr in GHR at 31,909,478 base pairs on chromosome 20 was confirmed as the causative mutation for fat and protein concentration. For effect on fat percentage, 12 additional missensepolymorphisms on chromosome 14 were found that had nearly complete concordance with the suggested causative polymorphism (missense mutation Ala232Glu in DGAT1). The markers used in routine U.S. genomic evaluations were increased from 60,000 to 80,000 by adding markers for known QTLs and markers detected in BARD and other research projects. Objectives 1 and 2 were completely accomplished, and objective 3 was partially accomplished. Because no new clear-cut causative polymorphisms were discovered, objectives 4 through 6 were not completed.

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Adams, Sunny E., Megan W. Tooker i Adam D. Smith. Fort McCoy, Wisconsin WWII buildings and landscapes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38679.

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The U.S. Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) mostly through the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. This report provides a World War II development history and analysis of 786 buildings, and determinations of eligibility for those buildings, on Fort McCoy, Wisconsin. Evaluation of the WWII buildings and landscape concluded that there are too few buildings with integrity to form a cohesive historic district. While the circulation patterns and roads are still intact, the buildings with integrity are scattered throughout the cantonment affecting the historic character of the landscape. Only Building 100 (post headquarters), Building 656 (dental clinic), and Building 550 (fire station) are ELIGIBLE for listing on the NRHP at the national level under Criterion A for their association with World War II temporary building construction (1942-1946) and under Criterion C for their design, construction, and technological innovation.

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Лукаш, ,. Людмила Вікторівна. The didactic model of education of the future elementary school teachers to activities for the prevention of violations of children’s posture. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Informatyki i Umiejetnosci, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1459.

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The state of musculoskeletal system incidence of pupils of secondary schools remains a pressing problem in all regions of Ukraine, in spite of significant achievements in this direction. The determination of the readiness of teachers and senior students of pedagogical college for implementation of health-keeping technologies, which are aimed at creating a physiological posture of schoolchildren, to the educational process was conducted by our questioning method. 95% of teachers and 77.6% of students (according to polls) need methodological assistance for effective use of health-keeping technologies. We consider the main task of high school to be an optimization of the informational flow regarding health-keeping during the educational process and adaptation of the ways of presenting information to the perception of modern youth. The self-education has a great value for getting mastery, so it is necessary that a student or a teacher could have a wide access to both literature and electronic media. The Internet conferences, Internet sites, electronic textbooks, computer programs will be useful.

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Adams, Sunny, Adam Smith i Madison Story. Evaluation of 11 properties at Fort Hunter Liggett, California for eligibility to the National Register. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46712.

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The US Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. Fort Hunter Liggett is in Central California, entirely within Monterey County. It was first established as the Hunter Liggett Military Reservation in 1941. The post was renamed Fort Hunter Liggett in 1975. This report provides a determination of eligibility for nine properties (Buildings 172, 179, 196, 197, 291, 2199, 723, and 914 and facilities 0301BS and radio-controlled aerial target [RCAT]) constructed between 1956 and 1972 and recommends that none are eligible under the NRHP and the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR) criteria. Two other properties (Buildings 177 and 178) were found to be covered by the Unaccompanied Personnel Housing (UPH) Program Comment of 2006. In consultation with the California State Historic Preservation Officer (CASHPO), this work fulfills Section 110 requirements for these buildings.

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Weissinger, Rebecca, Mary Moran, Steve Monroe i Helen Thomas. Springs and seeps monitoring protocol for park units in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network, Version 1.1. National Park Service, czerwiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299467.

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Because of the scarcity of water on the Colorado Plateau and the disproportionately high use by flora and fauna, springs and seeps were quickly identified as an ecosystem of concern for the NCPN. Following the determination of network-wide vital signs, parks were asked to select their top priorities for monitoring. Four parks have implemented springs and seeps monitoring: Arches and Canyonlands national parks, and Hovenweep and Natural Bridges national monuments. This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative and 11 standard operating procedures (SOPs) for monitoring springs, seeps, and hanging gardens (aka “springs”) in NCPN parks. The overall goal of the NCPN springs monitoring program is to determine long-term trends in hydrologic and vegetation properties in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. Specific objectives include describing the status and trends of water quantity (flow or stage as applicable), water quality (pH, specific conductance, temperature), and vegetation (endemic plant populations in hanging gardens, and vegetation species and cover). This protocol narrative describes the justification, sampling design, and field methods for NCPN springs monitoring. Details may be found in the SOPs, which are listed in Chapter 1 and available at irma.nps.gov. Other aspects of the protocol summarized in the narrative include procedures for data management, analysis, and reporting; personnel and operating requirements; and instructions for how to revise the protocol.

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Niles, John, i J. M. Pogodzinski. TOD and Park-and-Ride: Which is Appropriate Where? Mineta Transportation Institute, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1820.

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Despite the sharp drop in transit ridership throughout the USA that began in March 2020, two different uses of land near transit stations continue to be implemented in the United States to promote ridership. Since 2010, transit agencies have given priority to multi-family residential construction referred to as transit oriented development (TOD), with an emphasis on housing affordability. In second place for urban planners but popular with suburban commuters is free or inexpensive parking near rail or bus transit centers, known as park-and-ride (PnR). Sometimes, TOD and PnR are combined in the same development. Public policy seeks to gain high community value from both of these land uses, and there is public interest in understanding the circumstances and locations where one of these two uses should be emphasized over the other. Multiple justifications for each are offered in the professional literature and reviewed in this report. Fundamental to the strategic decision making necessary to allocate public resources toward one use or the other is a determination of the degree to which each approach generates transit ridership. In the research reported here, econometric analysis of GIS data for transit stops, PnR locations, and residential density was employed to measure their influence on transit boardings for samples of transit stops at the main transit agencies in Seattle, Los Angeles, and San José. Results from all three cities indicate that adding 100 parking spaces close to a transit stop has a larger marginal impact than adding 100 housing units. Previous academic research estimating the higher ridership generation per floor area of PnR compared to multi-family TOD housing makes this show of strength for parking an expected finding. At the same time, this report reviews several common public policy justifications for TOD as a preferred land development emphasis near transit stations, such as revenue generation for the transit agency and providing a location for below-market affordable housing where occupants do not need to have a car. If increasing ridership is important for a transit agency, then parking for customers who want to drive to a station is an important option. There may also be additional benefits for park-and-ride in responding to the ongoing pandemic.

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