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1
Miakinchenko, Iryna. "UKRAINIAN CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS’ ACTIVITY TO COUNTERACT SPREADING SOCIALLY DANGEROUS DISEASES (THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY)". Intermarum history policy culture, nr 10 (30.06.2022): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112034.
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The aim of the article is to study Ukrainian church and religious organizations’ activity directed at counteracting spreading socially dangerous diseases (the first decade of the 21st century). The research methodology is based on the set of general scientific methods usage (analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization, etc.) as well as special historical methods (historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systematic). The study applies an interdisciplinary approach, manifested through the usage of the categorical procedures of other sciences. This, in its turn, made it possible to form valid statements and conclusions of the scientific research. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that Ukrainian church and religious organizations’ activity to counteract spreading socially dangerous diseases at the beginning of the 21st century is discussed on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. The topic has not been the subject of a separate scientific analysis yet. As the result, the author concludes that a systematic activity of Ukrainian church and religious organizations to counteract socially dangerous diseases was founded in the first decade of the 21st century. This was due to the organizational network formation of church and religious organizations and their transformation into an important social institution of civil society. The main focus was on counteracting the spread of HIV/AIDS at the same time. The inclusion of the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations was important in strengthening its work. Both the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations and some church and religious organizations were supported by the state government of Ukraine. Thus, church and religious organizations in Ukraine opened rehabilitation centers for drug and alcohol addicts, cared for HIV-infected people; conducted thematic scientific and educational events within the framework of activity to counterpart spreading socially dangerous diseases in the first decade of the 21st century.
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Perišić, Srđan. "The return of Russia: Russia in the 21st century". Napredak 1, nr 2 (2020): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak2002127p.
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The author analyzes the geopolitical restoration of Russia during the first two decades of the 21st century. The starting point is that liberalism and globalism have been trying for four decades to remove all forms of geopolitical differences from the public, societal and political sphere, i.e. all cultural, national, religious, ideological, state variances. This was labelled the end of history. However, despite this, for the last 20 years we have witnessed a return of history. The author shows that the return of history is reflected in the return of Russia to the world stage not only as a great power, but by a general geopolitical renewal in Russia itself. The paper gives three descriptions and analyses of that return. First, the paper analyzes the character of the new Russia. The geopolitical identity and certain geopolitical practices of Russia are examined. Second, the ideological character of the Russian return is considered, which as such represents an alternative to Western liberalism and globalization. Third, the doctrinal determinants of the security and military dimensions of Russia's geopolitics are analyzed.
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Nikol'skaya, G. "U.S. Immigration Policy in the Early 21st Century". World Economy and International Relations, nr 5 (2012): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-5-93-102.
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U.S. immigrant population (legal and illegal) reached 40 millions in 2010, the highest number in American history. Nearly 14 millions of new immigrants settled in the country from 2000 to 2010, making it the highest decade of immigration in American history. For the United States, the immigration has always been both crucial to the economic growth and a source of serious conflicts. There has been no significant movement toward federal immigration reform since bipartisan project blocked in 2007. But it has been the subject of fever legislation at a state level, and President Obama made a decision to return to this question in the coming presidential campaign.
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Qamar Abbas Cheema and Taimur Shamil. "21st Century and Pakistan’s New Narrative for National Stability". Strategic Studies 37, nr 4 (11.04.2017): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.04.00202.
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Throughout the course of history, states and non-state actors have developed themes, values and ideas to promote their visions. Such deliberate and well-constructed ideologies are termed as narratives either to face the challenges or to run a rules-based national and international system while looking their goals and power apparatus. A national narrative is constructed in a way that identity, history, ideology, geography, culture, foreign policy and other national discourses become components of it. Pakistan, since its independence in 1947, has been in search of a comprehensive narrative that should suit the fabric of the state. The existing narrative has been unresponsive to the needs of people and becomes outdated for several reasons. A new narrative for identity construction, political maturity, educational growth, strong security, economic prosperity, good governance, religious reorientation, innovative skills, media maturity and ethnic unity is required which can establish a new societal architecture for a strong and resilient state and society. Building of such a new narrative is a strategic imperative which could bring national stability in Pakistan in the 21st century.
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YUN, Yong Seon. "Migration Exhibition at the German Museum of the 21st Century". Korean Society for European Integration 14, nr 1 (30.03.2023): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32625/kjei.2023.29.179.
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This paper critically analyzes the migration exhibition of the German Museum of Modern History. In German society, which is facing demographic problems such as population decline and aging, the number of people with immigration and migration backgrounds is increasing, approaching 30% of the German population. As a result, Germany without migrants today cannot be als well imagined as existed. However, despite the reality, the Museum of Modern History in Germany still remains in a space where the narratives of one country's history centered on the nation-state are displayed. Museums exhibiting 21st-century modern history, which feature mobility and hybridity, are being asked to abandon the national state paradigm, but no significant change has yet been made. In this regard, the presentation says that Korean society, which is moving in a demographic similar direction to Germany and has a faster pace of change, needs to use Germany's migration policy as a teacher. Entering the early stages of a migration society, Korea already relies on migrants in the problems of insufficient labor and marriage of rural men, and it seems unlikely that this trend will weaken due to population cliffs and aging population.
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Maya, Margarita López. "Populism, 21st-century socialism and corruption in Venezuela". Thesis Eleven 149, nr 1 (grudzień 2018): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618818727.
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This article seeks to explore the relationship between populism, 21st-century socialism, and the emergence of what has been referred to as an ‘ estado delincuente’ (criminal state), in the case of Venezuela. That is, a state structure permeated with transnational organized crime mafias in the executive and the judiciary, in the financial system, the prosecutor’s office, the police, the armed forces, the prison system, state-owned companies, governorships, and city councils, among other state institutions. First, I review conceptual aspects of populism to understand how this served as the basis for creating the postulates of 21st-century socialism, which promoted the institutional destruction of Venezuelan democracy and created the conditions for the unbridled dissemination of state corruption. Second, emblematic cases of white-collar and blood crimes, nepotism and other corrupt activities are discussed to provide an idea of the magnitude of the issues that permeate the state apparatus. To conclude, I provide a critical summary of the consequences of this way of doing politics in contemporary Venezuela.
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Suslov, A. B., i E. V. Shuiskaya. "RUSSIAN HISTORY OF THE 21ST CENTURY IN SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS". Вестник Пермского университета. История, nr 4(55) (2021): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-4-56-68.
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The article analyzes how the problems of Russian history of the 21st century are presented in modern school textbooks on the history of Russia. The relevance of the studied problem is determined primarily by the importance of history textbooks for constructing memory policies. At the same time, attention is paid to insufficient coverage of the 2000s transformations in modern historiography. The representation of the last twenty years in Russian history textbooks is analyzed in comparison with expert assessments of economists, sociologists, and political scientists. The authors conclude that Russian history of the 21st century appears on the pages of officially approved textbooks as a consistent, ongoing process of the development of a state that is gaining power. The textbooks contain very similar interpretations of the last two decades compared to the history of the 1990s, where one can find different interpretations of events made by the same authors. In addition, in textbooks one can find a lot of borrowings from official and propaganda rhetoric. In relation to the events of the 1990s and earlier, the authors of the textbooks under study selected alternative points of view, and subsequent events are assessed by them unambiguously. It can be stated that in the studied textbooks, the history of the last twenty years reflects the goals of historical science only to a small extent. It corresponds to the goals of historical policy to a greater extent. This conclusion becomes more obvious in the framework of the studies of Russian scholars, which, regardless of their views, cannot be described as an apology for the actions of political leaders.
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Lavengood, Zachary. "China and the 21st Century Arctic: Opportunities and Limitations". American Studies in Scandinavia 54, nr 2 (12.12.2022): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v54i2.6741.
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In 2018 The People’s Republic of China (PRC) released its Arctic policy and articulated its position, principles, and goals as a “near-Arctic state.” In the years since, China has become a central focus of the growing academic and professional discourse surrounding the emerging Arctic and has positioned itself as a consequential actor in regional affairs. This article examines the opportunities and limitations for China in the High North by focusing on its four key drivers for Arctic engagement: resource extraction, international shipping, scientific pursuits, and international prestige. This article finds that while China’s involvement in Arctic affairs is growing, there are still significant roadblocks to its ambitions which it will need to overcome in order to reach its goal of being recognized as an Arctic power.
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Betz, Bryan L., i Jay L. Hess. "Acute Myeloid Leukemia Diagnosis in the 21st Century". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, nr 10 (1.10.2010): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0245-ra.1.
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Abstract Context.—Rapid advances in understanding the molecular biology of acute myeloid leukemia are transforming the approach to diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of these cases. Objective.—To briefly review the current state of AML classification with a particular emphasis on the role of molecular studies and their impact on the management of acute myeloid leukemia and other malignancies. Data Sources.—Current literature and experience of the authors. Conclusions.—While morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and clinical history continue to play an important role, an increasing number of molecular tests are now required to properly classify these cases.
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Nafi'ah, Hafidzotun, i Agung Setiyawan. "Psycholinguistics in 21st Century Arabic Language Learning". Kalamuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 5, nr 1 (31.01.2024): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52593/klm.05.1.08.
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This research is motivated by Arabic language learning activities which cannot be separated from language activities. Therefore, learning Arabic is not enough just linguistics, but also needs to study mental state or mind, namely psychology. The science of psycholinguistics was born, which is a combination of language and mental science. This research uses a type of library research, the data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings of this study show that psycholinguistics covers language learning strategies as well as the phenomena of language acquisition and learning. Similar to this, learning Arabic involves adhering to linguistic, psychological, and educational principles. These three tenets serve as the interface between psycholinguistics and language acquisition. It is intended that this study would assist teachers in enhancing the Arabic language acquisition process.
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Uljaeva, Shohistaxon, i Nodira Alimuhamedova. "STUDYING THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN THROUGH DIGITAL HUMANITIES". JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, nr 3 (30.04.2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-4-2.
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The 21st century is an important information age for the information society.In developed countries, digital technology is widely used in all areas. These parallel processes provide important opportunities for liberalizing human life, the state and society, saving time and money, and quickly and efficiently performing each task.
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Arslan-Cansever, Belgin, Beril Ceylan, Pınar Çavaş, Alev Ateş-Çobanoğlu i Şengül, S. Anagün. "Self-Efficacy and Teaching Skills Perceptions of Primary School Teachers: A Predictive Study". Shanlax International Journal of Education 9, nr 4 (1.09.2021): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i4.4142.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the correlation and predictive power between the 21st century teaching skills of primary school teachers and their 21st century skills efficacy perception levels. The cross-sectional survey design has been carried out in the research. As data collection tools, 21st Century Skills Efficacy Perception Scale and Utilization of 21st Century Teacher Skills Scale have been administered. The sample consists of 459 primary school teachers working in state and private primary schools in Izmir province and its central districts. Linear regression analysis and path analysis have been carried out in testing of the research hypothesis. The model established between 21st century skills efficacy perceptions and utilization of 21st century teacher skills has been concluded to be valid and significant. Additionally, it has been determined that the model has generally acceptable goodness of fit values. Results of the research indicate that utilization of 21st century teacher skills increase as does 21st century teacher skills efficacy perceptions. Accordingly, it is deemed to be beneficial that professional development programs for improving 21st century teacher skills are developed and implemented extensively in order to support utilization of such skills. Furthermore, it is considered that incentive practices for utilization of 21st century skills adopted by decision-makers can help primary education to meet requirements of the modern age.
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Pyrozhkov, Serhii, i Nazip Khamitov. "Ukraine in the 21st Century: Strengthening Civilisational Agency". Diplomatic Ukraine, nr XXI (2020): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2020-28.
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The article addresses the issue of Ukraine’s civilisational agency in the modern world. The authors state that a civilisational destiny of a state is determined by geopolitical actors claiming a superpower status, the state’s own choice, people’s will, its political and intellectual elite. Then, a state becomes a unit of international relations and law, world geopolitics, science, art; a civilisational actor of history, the present, and the future. Ukraine strives to become such an actor, have its civilisational project, and implement it. Our country is located between the Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian civilisational societies, thus its capacity to be an actor in the modern globalised world is contingent on efficient cooperation with both of the societies. The authors believe that the implementation of the civilisational project of Ukraine as an actor and not as an object of modern world lies in systemic cooperation with the international actors which accept freedom and dignity of a human being as fundamental values. The authors single out the civilisational measures of such a society, which is a society of trust, social and political partnership, and balanced interaction of the rule of law and civil society. In its civilisational project of the 21st century, Ukraine should stand for a society of innovations and information, where a person can live up to her full potential. It is about the worldview transformation of consciousness and relations among people, countries, civilisations, and civilisational worlds. The implementation of this project is a fundamental condition for ensuring the national security and existence of Ukraine as an independent state. That is indeed a noble cause of Ukraine and its people in the multifaceted world of the 21st century. Keywords: Eurasian civilisational society, Euro-Atlantic direction, agency of Ukraine, independent state.
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Peña Torres, Jessica. "La Liga de la Decencia: Performing 20th Century Mexican History in 21st Century Texas". Arts 13, nr 2 (27.02.2024): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13020047.
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This article describes the development and public performances of La Liga de la Decencia, a new play presented as part of the 2023 New Works Festival at the University of Texas at Austin. Inspired by the cabaret scene and teatro de revista of the 1940s in Mexico City, La Liga de la Decencia combines live performance and video art to explore how hegemonic gender and social norms shaped by the emergent nationalism of postrevolutionary Mexico continue to oppress femme and queer bodies today across the US–Mexico border. Through satire, parody, and dance, La Liga de la Decencia problematizes the social, class, and gender norms as established by the cultural elite and the state. Following research-based theatre as an inquiry process, this article describes how writing and directing this play allowed for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of a historical period. By mixing facts, fiction, and critical commentary, La Liga de la Decencia investigates history through embodiment.
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Butler-Pascoe, Mary Ellen. "The History of CALL". International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2011010102.
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It has been over 50 years since the emergence of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) that would forever change how second/foreign languages are taught. This article presents a historical overview of the evolution of CALL from the early years of the mainframe computer to the integrative technologies of the 21st century. It examines the evolution of the dual fields of educational technology and second/foreign language teaching as they intertwined over the last half of the 20th century into present day CALL. The paper describes the paradigm shifts experienced along this journey and the current state of CALL as new technologies rapidly advance language teaching capabilities and challenge practitioners to provide optimum learning environments for the future.
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Martelli, Cynthia Dawn, i Patricia Watson. "Project-Based Learning: Investigating Resilience as the Connection between History, Community, and Self". Voices from the Middle 23, nr 3 (1.03.2016): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/vm201628365.
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The paper shares findings of an examination of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in one eighth-grade classroom. This qualitative study focused on how PBL can meet the needs of 21st-century learners given the competing constraints of state standards and mandated curriculums, contrasted with the needs of disengaged and struggling students. Research questions were the following: In what ways does PBL provide a framework for teaching the skills of a 21st-century standards-based curriculum? What are the perceived benefits and barriers associated with PBL by teachers and students? Teachers and students agree that PBL is student centered and values learning, while preparing students for both standards-based assessments and for life in the real world.
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Pukenis, Robertas. "The Strategy of Lithuanian State Security in the 21st Century". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, nr 19 (31.07.2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n19p15.
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The article analyses state security as harmonious functioning of the constitutional system without interference of any outside forces, protection of territorial integrity and undisturbed functioning of a state in all public spheres. The state security in the broadest sense is strengthened by the factors of foreign and home policy. The security is based not only on strong, well trained armed forces, equipped with modern guns but also on the entire potential of a state: the approval of citizens for armament and the willingness to defend the country; economic stability, functioning of democratic principles, positive contribution of national communities into the welfare of the society, harmonious agreement of national communities, loyalty to the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and the competence of the Department of State Security to neutralise the forces willing to harm the consolidation of the State; they penetrate into the governmental institutions, instigate slanderous moods against the leaders or institutions of the state via mass media. The history reminds us that the West often used to betray nations; thus the question may arise whether the NATO will succeed in defending the Baltic countries according to the binding provision of Article 5 that obligates the parties for collective defence. Therefore, Lithuania urgently needs an augmented distribution of NATO toops in the Baltics. Further strategy requires insightful diplomatic steps in oreder to preserve peace and establish friendly alliances, e. g. a stronger military cooperation with Scandinavian states, brotherhood with Latvians and Estonians and approval of the dispositions of the Polish President to create a union “from the sea to the sea”. Conclusive thoughts are based on the arguments of serious political observers, sociological research, official statistics and verified data. The aim of this article is to describe the strategy of Lithuanian Republic in the field of security in the beginning of the 21st century. The object of the article is the analysis of the ways and measures for preservation of Lithuanian statehood. The author referred to the most recent media and provided political analysis of geopolitical and historical context.
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Agarkova-Lyakh, I. V. "History of studying and organizing observations of exogenous geological processes on the shores of Sevastopol from cape Tyubek to cape Sarych". Monitoring systems of environment, nr 1 (28.03.2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33075/2220-5861-2022-1-86-93.
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The history of the study of exogenous geological processes on the shores of Sevastopol throughout the 20th – early 21st century is considered. Analysis of the works published in the 20th century showed the spatial and temporal unevenness of the carried-out research, as well as a limited number of special or thematic works. Since the beginning of the 21st century the number of studies of coastal exogenous processes in the region has sharply increased, due to which knowledge on the processes and their territorial coverage have increased. At present, a network of state and subject monitoring of hazardous exogenous geological processes has been formed on the territory of Sevastopol, in which coastal ob-servation points are of importance.
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Özkan, Hande. "REMEMBERING ZINGAL: STATE, CITIZENS, AND FORESTS IN TURKEY". International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, nr 3 (sierpień 2018): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000831.
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AbstractThis article analyzes Turkish forestry as a site of nation building. To understand the ways in which forestry shaped ideas of the state and citizenship, I explore the history and memories of the forestry enterprise, Zingal, from the early 20th century to the present. I argue that the conflicting narratives around Zingal in archives and memory are symptoms of the contradictions inherent to nationalist modernity. I also reveal the continuation of similar contradictions in the 21st century by showing how citizens’ discourse of resentment over deindustrialization can coexist with their objection to a potential nuclear industry.
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Babushko, Olena. "CHANGES IN TOPOGRAPHY OF THE ZHYTOMYR REGION DURING THE PERIOD OF UKRAINE’S INDEPENDENCE". Intermarum history policy culture, nr 14 (29.05.2024): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112075.
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The aim of the study is to analyze changes in the toponymy of the Zhytomyr region at the end of the 20th – the first quarter of the 21st century. The methodology of scientific research is based on the use of a complex of general scientific, special historical methods and an interdisciplinary approach, tools of regional studies, regional analysis and regional personology. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of changes in the toponymy of the Zhytomyr region from the late 20th to the first quarter of the 21st century in the article. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that decommunization and derussification of toponyms are necessary steps towards restoring the historical memory of the Ukrainian people, which is a component of the state memory policy. In the Zhytomyr region, the process of renaming toponyms (decommunization, and later derussification) began in the early 1990s and continues to this day. Since the independence of Ukraine, this has been facilitated by the developed normative-legal base and the activities of local toponymic commissions, in particular in Zhytomyr. Primarily, toponymic changes occurred within the framework of decommunization processes, which intensified after the adoption of decommunization laws by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2015. Mostly after the full-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine in the Zhytomyr region, as in the country as a whole, the derussification of toponyms intensified. Mostly, the new toponymic names of the Zhytomyr region are associated with historical events or the commemoration of famous historical figures, prominent figures of science and culture, public figures who were born or worked in the Zhytomyr region; world-famous Ukrainian scientists and artists.
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Kościelniak, Karol. "Some Comments on Vietnam’s Security in the 21st Century". Reality of Politics 10, nr 1 (31.03.2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201904.
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The main objective set by many countries is ensuring security. The means to accomplish this goal are the armed forces, obliged to guarantee safe functioning of the state and its citizens. There are states, for which maintaining a powerful, modern army has enormous significance for their superpower status, for their preparedness to a potential conflict or as a deterrent for the neighbouring states. Therefore, in the following text I will deal with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, because of its history, and especially due to the region where it is situated - one of the hottest places on Earth, full of misunderstandings, disputes and conflicts causing that the states situated there, including Vietnam, are modernising their armies.
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ROSPOND, BARTŁOMIEJ, AGATA KRAKOWSKA, BOŻENA MUSZYŃSKA i WŁODZIMIERZ OPOKA. "The history, current state and perspectives of aerosol therapy". Acta Pharmaceutica 72, nr 2 (30.12.2021): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2022-0017.
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Abstract Nebulization is a very effective method of drug administration. This technique has been popular since ancient times when inhalation of plants rich in tropane alkaloids with spasmolytic and analgesic effects was widely used. Undoubtedly, the invention of anasthesia in the 19th century had an influence on the development of this technique. It resulted in the search for devices that facilitated anasthesia such as pulveriser or hydronium. From the second half of the 21st century, when the first DPI and MDI inhalers were launched, the constant development of aerosol therapy has been noticed. This is due to the fact that nebulization, compared with other means of medicinal substance application (such as oral and intravenous routes of administration), is safer and it exhibits a positive dose/efficacy ratio connected to the reduction of the dose. It enables drugs administration through the lung and possesses very fast onset action. Therefore, various drugs prescribed in respiratory diseases (such as corticosteroids, β-agonists, anticholinergics) are present on the market in a form of an aerosol.
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Bаgdаsаryan, Susanna, Valentina Rumyantseva, Lyudmila A. Zajtseva i Emma Shamsumova. "The Russian state on the eve of the 21st century: transformation of power". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, nr 11-3 (1.11.2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202212statyi06.
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Historical and legal analysis of the period of national history between 1991 and 2000 allows us to reveal the problems of the modern state as a whole. Throughout the 20th century, Russia has undergone many radical metamorphoses on a complicated up-and-down path. The collapse of the empire, and then the USSR predetermined a certain fatality of state-legal dynamics, on the one hand, and consigned to oblivion a whole layer of state-legal experience in a civilizational sense, on the other hand. The emergence of the Russian Federation as a sovereign subject that restored its legal identity in geopolitics and international relations once again marked the emergence of innovations and the beginning of reforms, which, in turn, was expressed primarily in the transformation of state power.
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Dmitrieva, Marina. "Italian Renaissance Courts and Its Research in Western Historiography of the 21st Century". ISTORIYA 14, nr 3 (125) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025174-0.
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The article is devoted to the study of Italian Renaissance Сourts in Western (mainly Italian) historiography of the 21st century. The authors identify the directions and problems of research, comparing the problems of scientific works were written before the appearance of Italian Court History with works that were appeared at different stages of its development: in the initial period, in the first and second decades of the 21st century (the main emphasis is made on the study of the works of the 21st century). The article provides an overview of the main problems of the history of Italian courts in the works devoted to the influential Italian states of the Renaissance: the Duchy of Milan, the Papal State, the Kingdom of Naples and the Republic of Florence, highlights the issues existing in this area in relation to other Italian states (in particular, Siena and Genoa). The authors explore the works devoted to the problems of the relationship between the Italian and European courts of the Renaissance and other topical issues of modern research.
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Byrd, Christina. "Bringing Sternberg Museum Fossils into the 21st Century". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (13.06.2018): e25931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25931.
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The Sternberg Museum of Natural History (FHSM) has a rich paleontology history extending back to the late 1800s and early 1900s. From the 1902 to 1992, the museum was housed on the Fort Hays State University campus. FHSM outgrew the campus capacity and moved to a new location that afforded the museum significant space for collections and exhibits. Just as the museum had to change locations with its growing collections, so too must the means of care for the collections change and be updated. In order to improve the state of the paleontology collections and make them more accessible, the FHSM’s Chief Curator pursued grants to achieve these goals. Two grants later, FHSM is well on its way to a digitized paleontology collection. One National Science Foundation (NSF) grant focuses on basic collections improvement: transcription of hand-written records, cataloging the specimen backlog, and imaging specimens. One of the most important updates is the addition of the relational database, CollectiveAccess. This database enables FHSM to have a public-facing, searchable database that can show not only specimen data but also images and 3D scans of fossils. The second grant is an NSF funded Integrated Digitized Biocollection (iDigBio) collaborative research project. This grant focuses on fossils collected from the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway fossils. The digitization goals of the collections improvement grant work synergistically with the iDigBio grant. When preparing to start work on these two projects, workflows and how-to guides were developed to fit the needs of both grants. This synergy increased efficiency for training student workers and aided quality control. In regards to the new relational database, many considerations had to be made: what is the nature of the data, with whom are we sharing data, what are the data standards, what controls need to be in place to increase ease of use. Digitization of the collection started with transcription of hand-written records into a spreadsheet. The data from those record books and ledgers was cross referenced with the specimen cards to check for accuracy. Between the two grants, FHSM has two photography stations, four undergraduate students, and two graduate students. This small army of students, along with the Collections Manager, have succeeded in digitizing the invertebrate paleontology collection and have made significant progress on the vertebrate collection. Once the database is finalized, the images produced by these students will be uploaded and shared with aggregators such as iDigBio and accessible via the FHSM website.
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Piatakov, A. N. "The relations between Turkey and Mexico: a comparative analysis, history and modernity". Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 8, nr 1 (23.08.2020): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-1-97-107.
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The author analyzes the history of formation and current state of Turkey-Mexico political and economic relations in the context of Ankara intercontinental relations with the Latin American region. Comparative analysis of the two powers in their geo-economic ‘weight’, international activity, and other aspects is carried out. Evaluation of historical aspect of bilateral relations is specially emphasized. For the first time in Russian Latin American studies the evolution of Turkey-Mexico diplomatic relations in the 20th century is studied in their phases, including political contacts dynamics at the turn of the 20th and 21st century. The author also analyzes current state of countries’ trade and economic relations, as well as their interaction at the international arena.
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Ружанский, В. Г. "Israeli Historians of the Second Decade of the 21st Century". Диалог со временем, nr 79(79) (20.08.2022): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.79.79.022.
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Статья посвящена анализу основных тенденций в израильской историографии первых двух десятилетий XXI века. Этот период уникален прежде всего тем, что именно в это время израильские историки выходят далеко за рамки исследований, связанных сугубо с еврейской историей и Израилем. И именно в это время исследования израильских историков, посвященные изучению глобальных проблем и процессов современности, получают всемирное признание. Речь здесь идёт прежде всего о работах Ю.Н. Харари и А. Конфино. Особое место в предлагаемой статье посвящено анализу связи между основными тенденциями в развитии израильских государства и общества с процессами, имевшими место в исторической науке этой страны. In the 21st century, Israel provided the world with several historians at once, who have significantly influenced modern historical research. This article analyzes the processes of development of the State of Israel and Israeli historical science, due to which this phenomenon appeared. The article examines the genesis of the worldview of modern Israeli scientists of the world level: Yu.N. Harari, Boaz Neumann and Alon Confino and the influence that each of them had on modern historical science. In particular, Yu.N. Harari tried to give answers to global problems of our time, and B. Neumann and A. Konfino abandoned taboos and sacralization when studying the topic of the Holocaust and the Third Reich. Their approaches have undoubtedly had a significant impact on the research of Western historians.
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Bruce, S. "Church and State in 21st Century Britain: The Future of Church Establishment". Journal of Church and State 52, nr 1 (26.05.2010): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csq034.
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Naranjo Navas, Christian Paul. "The ECLAC model in the Socialism of the 21st Century in Ecuador". Historia Y Memoria, nr 24 (21.12.2021): 347–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20275137.n24.2022.10637.
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The industrialization models of ECLAC, developed during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and those of Ecuador, implemented by the 21st-century socialist government, are similar in their attempt to industrialize through the substitution of imports and government expenditure. In both cases, the economic policies focused on a closed economy, with high tariff barriers, and a strong role of the state as the main actor in the economy. The article uses a comparative method of analysiswhich emphasizes the outcomes of both of the periods studied. The results show that the models applied brought the same problems; imbalance in external trade and rising public debt. An alternative premise is suggested, that the models applied are the main causes of the debt crisis in the 1980s and the increasing public debt in the government of Rafael Correa.
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Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. "The Challenges Facing Civic Education in the 21st Century". Daedalus 142, nr 2 (kwiecień 2013): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00204.
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This essay explores the value and state of civics education in the United States and identifies five challenges facing those seeking to improve its quality and accessibility: 1) ensuring that the quality of civics education is high is not a state or federal priority; 2) social studies textbooks do not facilitate the development of needed civic skills; 3) upper-income students are better served by our schools than are lower-income individuals; 4) cutbacks in funds available to schools make implementing changes in civics education difficult; and 5) reform efforts are complicated by the fact that civics education has become a pawn in a polarized debate among partisans.
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Liang, Zhi, i Yafeng Xia. "Cold War History Studies in China in the 21st Century: The State of the Field". Journal of Cold War Studies 25, nr 2 (2023): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01140.
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Abstract This survey explains how the field of Cold War studies has been able to survive and even flourish in the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2000 to the present, despite all the practical and political obstacles. It reviews several areas that Chinese scholars have been exploring: the economic Cold War; foreign intelligence operations and psychological warfare; nuclear strategies; the sciences during the Cold War and overseas education projects; and China's policies toward neighboring countries during the Cold War. The article outlines the major practical challenges facing Chinese scholars and the potential for overcoming these challenges.
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Biliatska, Valentyna. "The Ukrainian novel in verse at the present stage: state and prospects of development". Philological Review, nr 1 (31.05.2023): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2023.281373.
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The level of literary research on the geneological characteristics of the 21st century, marked by the expansion of the traditional genre system, has noticeably intensified. The purpose of the article is to consider the Ukrainian novel in the poems of the 21st century, to determine its genre originality (author’s and reader’s) as an important regulator of aesthetic communication. The object of research is the texts of novels in verse, prefaces to them, comments of authors and critics regarding the creation of texts and genre modification.
Ukrainian novel in poems of the 21st c. is characterized by the analysis of narrative structures, a set of ideas, concepts aimed at highlighting the cultural and historical heritage of the past through its multiple reading by the recipient. Emphasis is placed on the author's (textual) and classification (reader’s) mode of their creation, which makes it possible to clarify the historical and theoretical dynamics of textual traditions, the history of writing, is the key to communicative influence on the reader, perception of the paradigm of the genre. The plots of Ukrainian novels in verse are presented in accordance with the principles of the postmodern era with a radical rethinking of aesthetic, spiritual, philosophical foundations of human existence and a new concept of worldview, focused on personal experiences of socio-cultural challenges, mental breakdowns and political crises.
The study examines Ukrainian novels in poetry of the 21st century by L. Horlach, A. Hudyma, I. Kozak, V. Marsyuk, R. Pаstuch, I. Pavlyuk, O. Omelchenko, M. Tіutіunnyk und А. Shkulipa, who created the following genre varieties, were considered: historical novel in verse, historical poetry novel, novel-song, novel-meditation in poetry, satirical, grotesque novel in verse, virtual novel, autobiographical novel in poetry, whimsical novel in verse, historical-philosophical-fantasy novel-essay, lyrical novel in verse, novel-trilogy in verse, a lyrical-musical novel in verse. In these novel structures, the past and the present are mutually projected onto the future, spiritually constructing it, forming moral and ethical norms, canons of national consciousness.
Thus, emphasizing the genre modification of the modern Ukrainian novel in verse, various examples of its genre varieties, we took into account the author’s and reader’s genre definition, because the structural isolation and semantic definition of the genre are related to the author’s origin, looseness and devotion – with the reader. This does not mean that the creative design of the text is localized in the sphere of the author, and the semantic life after the design belongs to the sphere of the reader. Ukrainian novels in the poems of the 21st century are designed for the real world; they are carriers of aesthetic comprehension of national identity, new landmarks in space human / world with a wide range of significant events, cultural types, internal image-structural and compositional-poetic organization, genre-style and genre-content diversity, which requires further, more thorough research.
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Peiyan, Cai, Yu Hongyan i Viktor Blokhin. "Chinese animation development policy in the first decade of the 21st century". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, nr 6-2 (1.06.2023): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202306statyi66.
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The article is devoted to the study of China's state policy in relation to the development of the animation industry. At the beginning of the 21st century, a series of regulations were passed that had a protective and stimulating effect on the animation industry. Government subsidies and the creation of TV channels targeted at children have led to an explosive growth in animation production. Through this art form, the Chinese leadership seeks to influence the worldview of the country's young citizens, popularize the national history, culture and ideology of the Communist Party.
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Nikolić, Kosta. "The ideocratic state and national identity: the Serbian experience in the 20th century". Istorija 20. veka 38, nr 1/2020 (1.02.2020): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2020.1.nik.9-34.
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Since the end of the second decade of the 21st century the Serbian people have been living on the ruins of Yugoslavia. In this country, formed over a century ago, the Serbs were united for the first time in their history, yet they gambled it away. How did this happen? While some interpretations emphasize the role of individuals, others give prevalence to structural elements. As a potential link between the two, this paper examines the influence different ideologies had on the creation of the Serbian identity in the 20th century and scrutinizes the role of these ideocratic tendencies in the process of nation building and state formation, as well as its integration and disintegration.
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Kostenko, Nataliia. "PEDAGOGICAL TRADITIONS OF DOMRA PERFORMANCE INKHARKIV IN THE 21ST CENTURY". Aspects of Historical Musicology 22, nr 22 (2.03.2021): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-22.02.
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An essay on the modern history related to the domra has been offered in the light of the jubilee event – the 95th anniversary of the Department of Folk Instruments of Ukraine of Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky. The aim of the research is to assess the current state of the domra art in Kharkiv on the basis of systematization of scholarly and methodological materials. Among the tasks of the research there is a description of the activities of modern teachers-domrists, who represent the Kharkiv Domra School; to systematize historical periods and provide a generalization of the events of the modern history of the domra performance. The presentation of the main material requires the involvement of historiographical, biographical and systematic methods of modelling. The object of the research is academic folk-instrumental art; the subject is domra art in the cultural spacetime of Kharkiv. The material is the historiography of the modern domra research and the experience of concert-performing and pedagogical activities of the staff of the Department of Folk Instruments of Ukraine at Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky. The presentation of the main material. On the basis of historiography and systematization, an assessment of the events that have taken place in the domra performance and science over the past 20 years is provided. Historical periods in the system of higher education of Ukraine and personalities of domrists who played a significant role in the cultural life of Ukraine are identified. The current state of the domra performance, competition and festival events, methodological and pedagogical resources are highlighted. In the process of updating the repertoire of the domra players of the 21st century an important role belongs to the compositions of a large form accompanied by a symphony or folk orchestra, arrangements from the repertoire of other instruments (the flute, the violin, and the saxophone). The repertoire is traditionally based on original compositions by Kharkiv composers. Conclusions. We have provided essays on modern teachers who are the successors of prominent figures of the domra art of the Department of Folk Instruments of Ukraine at KhNUA named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky. The most complete list of recent data has not previously been provided. A characteristic feature of the new period in the history of the domra class is the involvement of promising young people in the work. Their achievements in the creative, scientific and organizational-educational plane are quite significant and form the foundation for the future glory of the domra performance.
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Верховых, Л. Н. "VORONEZH LINGUISTIC LOCAL HISTORY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: RESEARCH DIRECTIONS, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS". Актуальные вопросы современной филологии и журналистики, nr 1(44) (25.03.2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/aqmpj.2022.12.96.013.
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В статье охарактеризованы направления лингвокраеведческой работы в Воронежской области, обозначены основные пути развития воронежского лингвокраеведения. Установлено, что важными направлениями лингвокраеведческой работы в XXI веке являются научно-исследовательская, издательско-просветительская и лингвометодическая. В процессе анализа научных работ в области воронежского лингвокраеведения автор приходит к выводу, что ведущая роль в организации системной лингвокраеведческой работы в Воронежской области принадлежит кафедре славянской филологии, научной лаборатории воронежского лингвокраеведения им. профессора В.И. Собинниковой и Воронежской ономастической школе под руководством профессора Г.Ф. Ковалева (Воронежский государственный университет). Перспективы воронежского лингвокраеведения определяются актуализировавшимися в современной лингвистике принципами и связаны с развитием полипарадигмальных исследований, лексикографическим описанием языковых единиц Воронежской области, а также с более широким изучением литературной ономастики края. Важной перспективной задачей является издание «Ономастической энциклопедии Воронежской области». The article describes the directions of linguistic local history work in the Voronezh region, outlines the main ways of development of Voronezh linguistic local history. It has been established that the important areas of linguistic local history work in the 21st century are research, publishing and educational, and linguo-methodological. In the process of analyzing scientific works in the field of Voronezh linguistic local history, the author comes to the conclusion that the leading role in the organization of systematic linguistic local history work in the Voronezh region belongs to the Department of Slavic Philology, the scientific laboratory of Voronezh linguistic local history named after V.I. professor V.I. Sobinnikova and the Voronezh onomastic school under the guidance of Professor G.F. Kovalev (Voronezh State University).The prospects of Voronezh linguistic regional studies are determined by the principles that have become actual in modern linguistics and are associated with the development of polyparadigm studies, the lexicographic description of the language units of the Voronezh region, as well as with a broader study of the literary onomastics of the region. An important long-term task is the publication of the Onomastic Encyclopedia of the Voronezh Region.
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MARINOV, Mario. "DIMENSIONS OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY. A CHRONOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE". BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 11, nr 3 (20.10.2022): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-22-77.
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The Federal Republic of Germany and its armed forces, the Bundeswehr, stand as a cornerstone of the European and NATO defence and security. It is vitally important to understand one of the major European conventional powers’ policies, concepts and overarching capabilities, along with the history behind them in a 21st century evermore complex security environment. The following paper examines the Bundeswehr historical evolution the major focal points in its strategy and capabilities development, since the beginning of the Cold War. The paper extends the historical discussion towards the present moment and the security policies undertaken in the 21st century, reaching the major policy re-evaluations occurring in 2022 and their importance both for the German state and its allies.
38
Bhardwaj, Rajeev, Anupam Bhambhani, Sivaji Patibandla, Mehroz Mirza i Gaurav Aggrawal. "Venous Intervention". Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women 7 (17.12.2022): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_13_2022.
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Any overview of the treatment of venous disease should begin with a brief examination of its history. From the first rudimentary attempt at venous thrombectomy in the early 1920s to the evolution of percutaneous and mechanical thrombectomy and endovascular stents in the 21st century. It is the aim of this review to provide a comprehensive summary of the state of the art of venous disease treatment at the turn of the new century.
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Xu, Ruilin, i S. S. Kolegov. "Turkish-Russian Relations in 21st Century: Problems of Development". Nauchnyi dialog 12, nr 9 (9.12.2023): 482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-9-482-496.
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This article provides a brief overview of the development of Russian-Turkish relations in the 21st century against the backdrop of changes in Turkey’s domestic political situation at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Special attention is paid to the evolution of Turkey’s foreign policy strategy. It is noted that the Russian Federation is a particularly important partner for the Republic of Turkey. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that currently, the relationship between the two countries continues to develop actively, despite external political challenges. At the same time, the history of Russia-Turkey contacts requires further study, as this period is not well represented in the existing literature. The novelty of this research lies in the use of new sources to study state relations. The authors of the article come to a justified conclusion that the Turkish government seeks to develop its relationship with the Russian Federation while maintaining ties with both Western and Eastern countries. This demonstrates their efforts to utilize the opportunities provided by Turkey’s geographical location, which serves as a “corridor” between various parts of Eurasia.
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Vatova, Ivelina. "PAGES FROM THE HISTORY AND THE PRESENT OF THE CHINESE MEDIA". Diplomatic, Economic and Cultural Relations between China and Central and Eastern European countries 8 (1.04.2023): 314–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.62635/1327-rg6b.
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Historically, three major periods stand out in Chinese media development: dynastic, modern media and national media system. Nowadays, the relation ship between mass media and state governance is among the leading issues in the academic debate. This article briefly outlines the path of media development in the millennial history of Chinese statehood. The main emphasis is on the actual state of- and serious changes in the infrastructure of the system since the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century when the PRC emerged more and more actively as a voiceful actor on the international stage. The focus of the conducted research is the analysis of facts, events and strategies outlining the new international image of China as a holistic global communicator in the context of a dynamic geocommunication.
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Yueyue, Xie. "Watercolor in St. Petersburg, St.Petersburg in watercolor: main trends in the first quarter of the 21st century". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, nr 12-1 (1.12.2022): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202212statyi40.
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The article is devoted to the understanding of St. Petersburg as a unique space, which is not only the object of refl ection of many modern watercolor artists, but also plays an important role in the development of this area of fi ne art. Based on the analysis of a number of St. Petersburg watercolor painting projects of the fi rst quarter of the 21st century, scientifi c articles and reviews on certain projects or the works of watercolorists, the article discusses the phenomenon of the St. Petersburg school of watercolor painting in the context of Russian artistic culture in the fi rst quarter of the 21st century, summarizes the current state of its development, specifi es modern artistic approaches to the interpretation of the image of the city.
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Leff, Lisa Moses. "Secularism, Women and the State: the Mediterranean world in the 21st century". Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 10, nr 2 (lipiec 2011): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725886.2011.555182.
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Bugrov, Konstantin D. "CAPITAL IDENTITY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF EKATERINBURG (END OF THE 19TH — EARLY 21ST CENTURY)". Ural Historical Journal 80, nr 3 (2023): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-17-27.
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The paper deals with the phenomenon of Russia’s regional capitals with Ekaterinburg as an example. The concept of the capital is analyzed as a unity of three parameters: self-identification of the city as a regional center, economic growth and rise of the ‘metropolitan’ social and communal infrastructure of prosperity. The author emphasizes that the very idea of Ekaterinburg as a center of the Ural region, which emerged since the second half of the 19th century, was the result of economic growth of the city that was based upon the development of railways, science and culture, and resulted from the specific ‘historical luck’ of Ekaterinburg which became an epicenter of the large-scale projects of the 20th century industrial modernization (Ural-Kuzbass combine, West Siberia’s oil and gas industry). However, until the second half of the 20th century both capital ambitions and prominent economic role were unable to create state-of-the-art, ‘metropolitan’ infrastructure in the city. The creation of such infrastructure took place in 1960–1980s, when the amounts of construction of living houses reached its peak, and the historical central part of the city was re-imagined as a valuable heritage. Thus, historical and cultural trajectory became a key factor in regaining of the position of an influential regional center even when the industrial economy of Ekaterinburg lost its former prominence in the early 21st century.
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Makaradze, Emzar. "Issues of Democratization and Intercultural Dialogue in Turkey of 21st Century". Balkanistic Forum 29, nr 3 (1.11.2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v29i3.4.
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There can be no peace without democratization and intercultural dialogue, which due to their importance lead to the ultimate result of what is called the union of civilizations among nations. In this regard, it is interesting to consider the issues of democratization and intercultural dialogue in Turkey in 21st century.In order to reach a high level of democratic development, any state needs a strong society and political will. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938), the founder of the Turkish Republic, took the course of state development of the country to the West and declared the path of Europeanization as the main principle of unchanging domestic and foreign policy.The current events in Turkey in the first decade of 21st century have shown that the country is developing as a strong state. So, it is interesting to observe how the Republican Turkey will continue to pursue democratic and European values and to support the state rule of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.For Turkey and its leader, Islam is a tool that helps to stabilize the political system and transform Turkey into a traditional, conservative society with fewer opportunities to generate protests related to social, ethnic and other civil rights.The coming decades will show whether the country with a Muslim culture will be able to adapt to a democratic Western civilization and what the consequences will be.
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Dr. Imran Khan i Dr. Karim Haider Syed. "The strategic relations of Pakistan and Russia in 21st Century". Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, nr 1 (7.03.2021): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(259-265).
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A systematic investigation of the steps that Russia has taken after 9/11 to improve strategic relations with Pakistan gives an idea of why it is moving so carefully towards Pakistan. Now it has become important to see what kind of steps Russia has taken to further enhance strategic relations with Pakistan. In June, 2014 the Russian leadership began negotiations to provide Pakistan with state-of-the-art war helicopters to combat drug traffickers (Ullah, 2014, p.1). This development has taken as a surprise in the international community and certainly is not one that can be easily overlooked. The United States and Europe are looking disturbed and some experts have made suppositions that Russia is maneuvering the withdrawal of NATO forces by increasing instability in Afghanistan to increase its role in the aftermath of the withdrawal of NATO forces. In the new situation, Pakistan will have to be strengthened at the front of foreign policy so that it can better cope with the state of affairs that can emerge after the withdrawal of NATO forces. Some experts believe that Russia no longer wanted to make things one-sided and want to increase the role of other stakeholders of the region in the solution of Afghanistan. In the past Russia has paid extraordinary attention to India and ignored Pakistan. These experts believe that Russia now wanted to create a balance of power in the region through cooperation with Pakistan and is trying not to give too much to any one country in the world. Talks between Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan and Russian President Putin during the SCO summit in June 2019 were highlighted in the national media of Pakistan and Russia as well as in the international media (Pakistan eyes new horizons with Russia, 2019). The history and nature of Pakistan-Russia relations have been very unique and interesting. Pakistan and Russia relations teach the lesson that elements like sentimentality, friendship, and enmity have no place in international relations. In the modern state system, these are the national interests, based on which the two states can come closer to each other and work together to achieve their goals by putting their difference of past behind the scene.
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Apdillah, Dicky, Angela Ekklesia Siagian, Susih Gajah Manik i Lica Adila. "THE CONCEPT OF HIGH QUALITY 21st CENTURY INDONESIAN HUMANS". JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS (JHSSB) 1, nr 3 (27.03.2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/jhssb.v1i3.149.
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The 21st century which is synonymous with the century of globalization has brought changes in all lines of life. The development of science and technology, especially communication technology, has made the world like an environment without distance even though in reality it is very far away. What is happening now in a matter of seconds can already be seen, heard in other parts of the world. This brought many changes in the concepts of human life. The concept of parenting, education, work, and fulfilling the needs of life has shifted a lot. This change must be realized and addressed wisely by the Indonesian nation and society, which cannot be separated from the influence of globalization. Changes in the conception of Indonesian people whose behavior was formed at the beginning of independence, the old order era, the new order and then the reform era need serious attention. The readiness of society and government to face 21st century globalization needs to be studied in depth. History proves that society's unpreparedness to face globalization has ultimately led to the proliferation of corruption, collusion and nepotism in Indonesia. Creating clean, transparent and professional Indonesian people is a must. This effort must be carried out by all components of the Indonesian nation, both state implementers. government officials from the center to the lowest, the community, the intellectuals and professionals in Indonesia. If this effort is not carried out immediately, the effort to form the concept of Indonesian human beings will only be an empty hope like building a house on the wind.
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Moudopoulos Athanasiou, Faidon. "Faidon Moudopoulos Athanasiou, Woodland Values in Zagori, NW Greece (19th–21st Century): Between Heritage and History". 2 8, nr 2 (7.12.2020): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v8i2_10.
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The present article exposes a conflict regarding the management of natural and cultural values through time, using the example of woodland management in Zagori (NW Greece) from the late 19th century to the present day (2018). The central question is how a cultural landscape now interpreted as significant enough for potential World Heritage nomination (2014 tentative list), was managed through time by the Greek State in a top-down approach that led to a polarization between natural and cultural values. First, issues of commune woodland management and emic perceptions of values will be addressed, followed by an outline of state economic factors that shaped the national policies that replaced them. The local communities’ reactions during this transformation will be addressed. Finally, it is suggested that such case studies are valuable educational material for heritage professionals, since they offer insights into the processes of site valorization, revealing historical factors, economic stakes, and legislative biases, while also touching upon stakeholder issues.
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Altuntaş, Nezahat. "Religious Nationalism in a New Era: A Perspective from Political Islam". African and Asian Studies 9, nr 4 (2010): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921010x534805.
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Abstract Nationalism is an ideology that has taken different forms in different times, locations, and situations. In the 19th century, classical liberal nationalism depended on the ties between the nation state and its citizenship. That form of nationalism was accompanied by “the state- and nation-building” processes in Europe. In the 20th century, nationalism transformed into ethnic nationalism, depending on ideas of common origin; it arose especially after World War I and II and after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Finally, at the beginning of 21st century, nationalism began to integrate with religion as a result of global political changes. The terrorist attack on the United States, and then the effects that the United States and its allies have created in the widespread Muslim geography, have added new and different dimensions to nationalism. The main aim of this study is to investigate the intersection points between religion and nationalism, especially in the case of political Islam.
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Bako, Usman Yusuf, Mohammed Lawal Salahu i Dawood Omolumen Egbefo. "Re-examining the history of migration and resettlements in the modern Borgu Emirate of Niger State since 1954". IKENGA International Journal of Institute of African Studies 24, nr 1 (30.03.2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53836/ijia/2023/24/1/002.
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The history of the Borgu people is traced to a series of migrations from 700 AD through the 19th century to the 21st century. The study revisits the history of the Borgu people of Nigeria, their resettlement, and emirate formation. It explores how the migratory and resettlement patterns shape the political, economic, and social developments of the modern Borgu Emirate. Data for the study were obtained from documented sources, oral interviews, and a reconnaissance survey to reach a conclusion. Findings reveal that migratory and resettlement patterns have led to political restructuring and harmony among the people of Borgu Emirate; occupational dislocation and new means of livelihood; intergroup relations and social integration; environmental changes, among others. Thus, the growth and development of the modern Borgu Emirate rest on its unity in diversity, alignment of rural-urban migration, and sustainable natural environment, among others.
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Sheinis, V. "Liberalism against Etatism (on the Path towards Liberalism of the 21st Century)". World Economy and International Relations 64, nr 11 (2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-11-13-22.
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In the 20th century, liberalism stood up in a fight against two authoritarian (totalitarian) regimes – the nazi one and the communist one. This lead to conclusion on the “end of history” – the end of the world competition in common forms. It took little time to make sure that sharp turns of historical processes are unpredictable, etatist (authoritarian, statist) regimes are diverse, and liberalism has to argue for its historically superior role in a dispute with them over and over again. In some cases, and in some ways, authoritarian regimes have proven to be more effective than liberal ones. This was discussed by qualified experts at international workshops held in Moscow in 2017–2018. Following these discussions, a book was published in 2019. The proceeding of the dispute is represented in this article. The liberal strategy has been searching for a synthesis of freedom and equality for more than a century. However, in practice, their organic convergence is problematic. It is difficult to balance the aims of liberals and socialists, and therefore, to define possibilities and limits of a dialogue between them. Social state is one of the main ideas that liberal parties bring to elections. But it is hard to compile with material and administrative resources concentration in state hands. Nations are a reality of the modern world. Building and developing civil nations within the borders of one state (and particularly of interstate formations) is the task that has no vivid and familiar solutions. The same as the problem of nation-state sovereignty (the apologetic attitude to which has become widespread) has no simple and unambiguous solution. The apparent success of illiberal (and in some countries – anti-liberal) methods of partial modernization is one of the most сruel surprises sprung on the liberal doctrine and policy by modern world processes. All this makes the promotion of liberal values in Europe and Russia very challenging.