Artykuły w czasopismach: „Startups en Phase de Démarrage”

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Eugène KOUADIO, Kouakou, Kouabena KREMAN, Kalo Laciné BAMBA i Gouagoua Severin KOUADJA. "Effet de la farine d’épluchures de manioc sur les performances zootechniques et économiques du poulet de chair au démarrage en Côte d’Ivoire". Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 42.2 (29.11.2019): 7237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v42-2.5.

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Une étude a été réalisée pour évaluer l’effet de la farine d’épluchures de manioc incorporée dans l’aliment sur les performances zootechniques et économiques du poulet de chair en phase démarrage. Elle a porté sur 240 poussins chair, de souche "Cobb 500" d’un jour d’âge, répartis dans 12 unités expérimentales suivant un dispositif complètement randomisé comportant 4 traitements et 3 répétitions chacun. Il s’agit d’un aliment témoin commercial (T) représentant l’aliment de référence et trois aliments expérimentaux comportant respectivement 0 % (A0), 15 % (A15) et 30 % (A30) de la farine d’épluchures de manioc. Après 21 jours d’élevage, il a été observé qu’aucune différence significative n’a été observée pour les performances de croissance (le poids vif, le gain de poids et le GMQ) entre les poulets du lot témoin (T) et ceux soumis aux traitements A0 et A15. A 30 % de taux d’inclusion de la farine d’épluchures de manioc, une régression des performances de croissance des poussins a été constatée. La consommation alimentaire et l’indice de consommation sont statistiquement identiques pour les traitements T, A0 et A15 respectivement. Par contre, ils augmentent avec 30 % d’inclusion. Les aliments A0 et A15 ont eu les coûts de production du kilogramme de poids vifs les plus bas avec respectivement une différence de 130,94 FCFA/kgPv et de 129,09 FCFA/kgPv comparés à l’aliment de référence (T). Dans les conditions de la présente étude, il a été conclu qu’en phase démarrage, un taux d’inclusion de 15 % de la farine d’épluchures de manioc dans l’aliment permet de produire des poussins de performances zootechniques comparables aux rations A0 et T. ABSTRACT Effect of cassava peels flour on the economic and zootechnical performance of broiler chicken at startup in Côte d'Ivoire A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cassava peels flour in the feed on the zootechnical and economic performance of the broiler at startup. It related to 240 chicks, of the "Cobb 500" strain of one day of age, distributed in 12 experimental units according to a completely randomized device comprising 4 treatments and 3 repetitions each. It is a commercial control feed (T) representing the reference feed and three experimental feeds respectively comprising 0 (A0), 15 (A15) and 30 % (A30) of the cassava peels flour. After 21 days of breeding, no significant difference in growth performance (body weight, weight gain and GMQ) was observed between the chickens in the control group (T) and those subjected to the treatments A0 and A15. At 30 % inclusion rate of peelings a growth performance depression of the chicks was noted. Feed consumption and consumption index were statistically identical for treatments T, A0 and A15. On the other hand, they increase with 30% inclusion. The treatment A0 and A15 had the lowest production costs per kilogram of live weight with a difference of 130.94 FCFA / kgPv and 129.09 FCFA / kgPv, respectively, relative to the reference feed (T). Under the conditions of the present study, it was concluded that in the start-up phase, an inclusion rate of 15 % of the cassava peel flour in the feed makes it possible to produce chicks of zootechnical performances comparable to the A0 and T rations.

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Nurcahyo, Rahmat, Mohammad Ilhamsyah Akbar i Djoko Sihono Gabriel. "Characteristics of Startup Company and Its Strategy: Analysis of Indonesia Fashion Startup Companies". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 2.34 (8.06.2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.34.13908.

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Startup companies, as an organization in the early phase, have different characteristics than mature organization. The research method is qualitative because the purpose is trying to understand the startup characteristics. The research object is Indonesia fashion startup companies because it is one of the most promising start ups in Indonesia. Strategy choices are crucial in fashion startups in Indonesia. Objective of this paper is to analyze the strategy that has been used in fashion startups in Indonesia. Most of the startups use intuitive decision making. The result is most fashion startups tend to use intensive strategy because the market is still growing. Intensive market penetration through marketing strategy and related diversification are the two strategies that commonly used in fashion startups in Indonesia.

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Santos, Maraiza Santana dos, Francisco Sandro Rodrigues Holanda, Luiz Diego Vidal Santos, Matheus Pereira Mattos Felizola i Márcio Manini da Silva Florencio. "Panorama das startups no setor turístico brasileiro". Prisma.com, nr 44 (2020): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16463153/44a6.

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This research aims to present an overview of startups in the tourism business registered in the database - StartupBase. On this basis, we found startups in the data roadmap, and there are also pre-accelerated startups in the country, incubated within institutions or development companies, still in their initial phase. Besides, other Startups arise from individualized initiatives and end up not being included in the analysis of StartupBase. Thus, in this study, a scenario of data from startups in Brazil is displayed, whether in the following phases: out of operation, traction, ideation and scaleup, which identify the innovations and developed technologies. There was a higher concentration of startups in São Paulo with 65 among the 10 states. Another indicator of the categories identified was that SEBRAE Capital Empreendedor and Troposlab have a larger number with 5 startups and the segment of Events and Tourism has 218 registered startups and, among them, only 24 out of 218 have the badge of badges, which are digital emblems that symbolize competencies and achievements. All these aspects involve a discussion on the importance of startups for the country economy, specifically in the tourism business. The creation of startups is important to the increase of research, knowledge, opportunities for the job creation and mainly for the confrontation of competitiveness in the market

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Anwar, Muhammad Rehan, Muhamad Yusup, Shofiyul Millah i Suryari Purnama. "The Role of Business Incubators in Developing Local Digital Startups in Indonesia". Startupreneur Business Digital (SABDA Journal) 1, nr 1 (9.04.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/sabda.v1i1.69.

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The development of the internet causes the flow of information to move quickly without knowing geographical boundaries. Likewise with the development of the digital industry, although the condition of the digital industry in Indonesia is still in its early phase, where infrastructure and ecosystem support is still very minimal, the optimism from digital industry players in Indonesia is very strong, both from the startup side and from investors. Problems arise when investors, both local and foreign, wish to invest in local digital startups in Indonesia, namely the unpreparedness of local startups to receive relatively large amounts of funding for business development. This raises doubts for investors whether startups can manage the funds raised and generate future profits for investors. Therefore, an initiative was born from investors and stakeholders in the digital technology industry to activate business incubators, with the aim of being able to prepare local startups to be able to develop more optimally. The results of this study reveal various tangible benefits received by local startups to increase their capacity.

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Haring, Martin. "The Influence of Support by a Network with Structural Holes on the Performance of Student Startups". Journal of Business Theory and Practice 2, nr 2 (17.05.2014): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v2n2p179.

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This paper analyses the influence of the support from the environment, in which students live and work, on the success of student startups. A unique experiment was conducted, in which one group of students was confronted with a network of external specialists and the other group was not confronted with this network. This experiment dealt with the endogeneity problem that is often related with social networks, because this time part of the network was externally delivered to the startups involved in the experiment. The experiment also delivered data from which we can conclude that student startups in a more traditional market profit more from a dense network than from a network with structural holes in the first six months after starting their businesses. Student startups that started in less developed markets seemed to profit more from structural holes in this startup phase. In both cases there was no significant evidence that a network with structural holes contributed to a higher performance of student startups in their first six months. This paper ends with recommendations for universities how to help their student startups to succeed better within the educational system.

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B.B., Mbanza –Mbanza, Bati J.B., Adzona P.P., Guembo J.R., Ntsoumou M.V., Saboukoulou A.J. i Banga Mboko H. "Evaluation des Doses Variables du Miel Local de Apis Mellifera adansonii Latr. 1789 du Congo sur les Performances Zootechniques des Poulets de Chair standard". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, nr 9 (31.03.2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n9p89.

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Le miel est un produit qui renferme des propriétés nutritives susceptibles de stimuler les performances zootechniques des volailles. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer le taux d’incorporation optimal du miel dans les rations des poulets de chair. Un échantillon de 105 poussins de chair a été réparti en trois lots de 35 sujets (témoin, traité 1 et traité 2).Chaque lot a été ensuite subdivisé en 5 répétitions de 7 sujets chacun. Les lots traités 1 et 2 ont reçu des doses du miel dans la ration alimentaire respectivement au démarrage 0,5% et 1%, en croissance 1% et 2% et en finition 1% et 4%. Le premier lot a servi de témoin. Les lots ont été comparés sur les variables de la croissance pondérale. Les résultats ont montré au cours de la phase de démarrage une amélioration significative (P < 0,05) de la consommation volontaire des aliments (30,5 g contre 34,8 g), du GMQ (22,7 g/jour contre 23,4 g/ jour), l’IC (1,3 contre 1,4) et le poids vif à 14 jours (359g contre 377 g). Par contre au cours de la phase de croissance, aucune différence significative n’a été notée dans la ration contenant 1% de miel. En revanche pendant la phase de finition, une amélioration significative a été observée sur tous les paramètres étudiés. Cette étude suggère l’utilisation du miel à la dose de 0,5% pendant les phases de démarrage et de croissance et à 1% au cours de la phase de finition. Honey is a natural bee product containing nutritional properties able to stimulate the performance of poultry. The study aimed to determine the optimal rate of honey in the diets of broiler. A sample of 105 chicks has been randomized and then divided into three groups of 35 chicks each (One control and two treated groups). Then each group was then divided in 5 replicates of 7 chicks. The treated groups received doses of honey at the starting 0.5% and 1%, in growing 1% and 2% finally in finishing stage 1% and 4% respectively. Groups were compared on the growth parameters. The results showed that during the starting stage, a significant improvement (P < 0.05) was observed on feed intake (30.5g vs 34.8g), DWG (22.7g per day vs 23.4g per day), feed efficiency (1.3 vs 1.4) and body live weight (359 vs 377g at 14 days). However, during the growing stage, no significant difference was observed on feed containing 1% of honey. Moreover, during the finishing stage, all the studied parameters were improved by honey at 1%. Therefore, the present study indicated the useful of honey at 0.5% during the starting and growing stages while 1% may be used during the finishing stage

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Almeida, Fernando, i José Duarte Santos. "The Role of Social Networks in the Internationalisation of Startups: LinkedIn in Portuguese Context". Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 15, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2020-0020.

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AbstractThis study aims to explore the role of social networks in the internationalisation of startups. For this purpose, the social network LinkedIn is used, and two case studies of Portuguese technological startups are employed. The findings indicate that social networks can contribute to the acceleration of the internationalisation process and decrease their costs. Their relevance is greater in the initial phase of the internationalisation process. However, its relevance is limited in more advanced phases of this process. LinkedIn can be used by startups to obtain several benefits such as brand awareness, identification of new opportunities, customer feedback, among others. The results of this study are essentially useful in a practical dimension for companies that plan to start or improve their internationalisation process sustained on social networks.

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Mebirouk-Boudechiche, L., M. Makhlouf, K. Chaker-Houd i R. Boukhris. "Effet de différents niveaux d’incorporation de la fève dans les rations alimentaires sur les performances zootechniques et rendement en carcasse des poulets de chair". Archivos de Zootecnia 68, nr 261 (15.01.2019): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v68i261.3940.

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L’objectif de cette étude a consisté à déterminer les effets de l’incorporation de la fève fumée et décortiquée dans la ration alimentaire sur les performances zootechniques et le rendement en carcasse du poulet de chair. Ainsi, 250 poussins de souche Hubbard S15 âgés de 1 jour ont été répartis équitablement en quatre lots en fonction du taux de substitution de la fève par le tourteau de soja (0, 20, 40, 60 et 96 %) pendant 48 jours. Durant les phases de démarrage et de croissance, les performances pondérales et les quantités d’aliment ingérées ont diminué proportionnellement avec l’incorporation croissante en fève. Le remplacement des protéines du tourteau de soja (à 44,76% de MAT) par de la fève (à 25,06 % de MAT) a entraîné une chute des performances durant le démarrage et la croissance, tandis qu’en phase de finition, le poids vif des poulets ayant reçu 20% de fève a été statistiquement similaire à celui du lot témoin. Pour des taux de substitution de 20 et 40% de fève, les indices de consommation ont été statistiquement similaires à ceux du lot témoin, tandis que le rendement en carcasse s’est amélioré avec l’accroissement du taux de fève dans la ration. Ces résultats montrent que la fève fumée et décortiquée incorporée dans la ration à raison de 20 % donne de bonnes performances pondérales à moindre coût, il serait néanmoins intéressant de l’incorporer à des niveaux plus élevés tout en y associant une autre source protéique durant les premières phases d’élevage.

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Gupta, Varun, i Luis Rubalcaba. "Competency-Industry Relatedness (C-IR) Framework for Sustained Business Growth in Startups during and Beyond Pandemic: Myths and Lessons from Publicly Funded Innovative Startups". Sustainability 13, nr 9 (21.04.2021): 4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094632.

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Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a turbulent business environment, resulting in market uncertainties, frustrations, and rumors. Wrongly held beliefs—or myths—can hinder startups from turning new market opportunities into their favor (for example, by failing at diversification decisions) or undertaking wrong business decisions, e.g., diversifying in industries that have products of no real market value). Objectives: The objective of the paper is to identify the beliefs that drive the business decisions of startups in a pandemic and to isolate those beliefs that are merely myths. Further, this paper proposes strategic guidelines in the form of a framework to help startups make sound decisions that can lead to market success. Method: The two-step research method involved multiple case studies with five startups based in India, France, Italy, and Switzerland, to identify perceptual beliefs that drove strategic business decisions, followed by a case study of 36 COVID-19-solution focused startups, funded by the European Union (EU). The findings were validated through a survey that involved 102 entrepreneurs. The comparative analysis of two multiple case studies helped identify beliefs that were merely “myths”; myths that drove irrational strategic decisions, resulting in business failures. Results: The results indicate that startups make decisions in pandemic situations that are driven by seven myths, pertaining to human, intellectual, and financial resources. The decision on whether to diversify or continue in the same business operation can be divided into four strategic options of the Competency-Industry Relatedness (C-IR) framework: ignore, delay, phase-in, and diversify. Diversification in the same (or different industry) is less risky for startups if they have the skills, as needed, to diversify in related industries. Diversification in related industries helps startups leverage their experiences and learning curves (those associated with existing product lines) to adapt their existing products in new markets, or utilize their technologies to solve new problems via new products. The desired outcome for these startups should be sustainable business growth—to meet sustainability goals by contributing to the society and the economy. Conclusion: The C-IR framework is a strategic guide for startups to make business decisions based on internal factors, rather than myths. Accurately assessing skill diversity and the nature of new industries (or markets) will help startups leverage their existing resources optimally, without the need for (pricey) external funding. This will foster sustained business growth resulting in a nation economic development. Knowledge transfer from the Innovation ecosystem will further strengthen the C-IR framework effectiveness.

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Niever, Manuel, Ilona Martina Scholz i Carsten Hahn. "Innovation Driven by Cooperation of Startups and SME". Athens Journal of Business & Economics 8, nr 4 (8.09.2022): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.8-4-3.

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With rising need for innovation within a complex and dynamic world, cooperation between complementary partners offers potential to create competitive advantage. Early-stage start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can exploit opportunities by cooperating early and jointly developing new innovation. Despite research into cooperation between established start-ups and SMEs existing, there is no specific concept or support options for cooperation in an early stage. Intermediaries are named as a helpful support option; however specific tasks are not analysed. This research provides insight into various support options in the context of cooperation between early phase start-ups and the German “Mittelstand”. Within the framework of the Design Research Methodology (DRM) the results of a literature research and qualitative interviews are presented in a Reference and Impact Model, which show the need for support in the cooperation of start-ups and SMEs. Based on the findings, a four-phased cooperation process is proposed, which includes support possibilities in each individual phase. A comprehensive evaluation plan in the context of practical application completes this work. Keywords: innovation management, cooperation support, cooperation process, early-stage start-ups, open innovation

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Paoloni, Paola, i Giuseppe Modaffari. "Female-Owned Innovative Startups in Italy: Status Quo and Implications". Administrative Sciences 8, nr 4 (29.10.2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci8040066.

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The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the current literature of this business phenomenon with regard to gender studies and to point out what is substantially happening and what has happened in the Italian economic context. The main research questions were RQ1: How is the phenomenon of female Startups treated from a scientific point of view? RQ2: Which is the Italian situation of this phenomenon? The methodology used is both qualitative and explorative. A bidirectional analysis has been carried out for this purpose. In order to expand the first research question (RQ1), an analysis was carried out of the articles in the EBSCO database on the topic of female startups. In order to expand the second question (RQ2), an analysis was carried out on the data concerning the phenomenon of female startups, using the register of companies held at the Chambers of Commerce which were territorially competent. Our research, carried out within the Italian economic context, demonstrates how the phenomenon of Woman Startups (WSU), even if it is widely expanding, is inherent in all the typical elements of female entrepreneurship, as reported in the literature by gender scholars. The main factors that emerge for the WSU are the small size and the undercapitalization in the startup phase. This work contributes to the expansion of studies on the topic of startups in the context of gender and can be useful to the social context, new entrepreneurs, and practitioners of the sector.

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Stock, Tim, i Günther Seliger. "Methodology for the Development of Hardware Startups". Advanced Materials Research 1140 (sierpień 2016): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.505.

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Startups can substantially contribute to the industrial development in the early and newly industrialized countries by transforming technological inventions into products and services. By means of the market dynamics of cooperation and competition in global value creation and knowledge networks, new products and services can conduce to a global industrial development. Hence, in pursuance of an efficient and effective startup development, this paper will present a new methodology for the integrated development of the product and of the business model for a hardware startup. Hardware startups address the development of innovative tangible products. The hardware product itself may consist of mechanical, electronical, and software components. The methodology is based on a micro cycle for the problem-solving procedure on the level of single process steps as well as on a macro cycle as procedure for the overall integrated development of the startup. For each phase of the macro cycle, specific modelling methods for the product and business model are proposed. Finally, a proof of concept on the basis of a student startup, which is developing a micro wind turbine, will be presented.

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Chabaud, Didier, i Joseph Ngijol. "La contribution de la théorie des réseaux sociaux à la reconnaissance des opportunités de marché". Revue internationale P.M.E. 18, nr 1 (16.02.2012): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008469ar.

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Les travaux de recherche sur l’entrepreneuriat se sont multipliés ces dernières années. Néanmoins, l’analyse de la genèse du projet de l’entrepreneur est relativement peu développée. Cette étude vise à tracer les lignes d’un programme de recherche focalisé sur les stades d’avant-projet et de démarrage de l’activité de l’entreprise. Après une première partie faisant le point sur la littérature théorique et empirique qui existe sur la phase de reconnaissance d’opportunité par l’entrepreneur, nous procédons à une mise en perspective à l’aide de la théorie des réseaux sociaux. Cette théorie, issue notamment des travaux de Burt et de Granovetter, permet de souligner le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la détection et dans l’évaluation des opportunités entrepreneuriales et ouvre la voie à des études empiriques approfondies sur le comportement de l’entrepreneur.

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Oppong, Gladys Yaa Saah, Saumya Singh i Fedric Kujur. "Potential of digital technologies in academic entrepreneurship – a study". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26, nr 7 (2.07.2020): 1449–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-06-2019-0401.

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PurposeDigital technologies have become indispensable in businesses and are gaining attention in academic institutions context too. Digital technological ecosystems provide a platform to communicate and share their products and services to existing and potential customers. Entrepreneurial startups and companies face internal and external challenges utilizing social media technologies to commercialize their business ideas. The purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities and challenges faced by academic entrepreneurs' startups.Design/methodology/approachThis research has adopted a qualitative approach comprising of semi-structured in-depth interviews with academic entrepreneurs’ startups to find the main challenge they face using social media platforms. The purpose was associated with an exploratory type of study and also included a prominent unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and technological opportunism (TO) model. The research respondents were 23 academic entrepreneurs startups who were chosen applying purposive sampling. Respondents were given a set of a questionnaire consisting of close-ended questions that are five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire included various parameters to measure the social media challenges the academic entrepreneurs’ startups undergo in the initial phase of their businesses.FindingsThe study identified that business-to-customer relations, brand, reputation, competition and cultural and language influence digital technologies entrepreneurship. While, the findings discovered the extended research model has a positive influence on academic entrepreneurs' intentions to use digital technologies media platforms. The outcome of this paper has thrown more light on which issues are there in digital technologies entrepreneurship, the determinants and actual usage advantages from UTAUT model and TO model that could be properly employed to solve issues of digital technologies media platforms and the potential concerning the adoption and use of digital technologies.Originality/valueThe study of academic entrepreneurs' startups can be considered original in nature. There is dearth of standard literature in the upcoming area of academic entrepreneurship. Governments are taking initiatives to promote academic entrepreneurs' startups, and the findings will be able to give them a right direction.

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Awad, Tamer Abbas, i Shereen Mohamed Abdel Fatah. "The Impact of Social Media Branding on Developing Brand Advocates for Start-Ups". International Journal of Online Marketing 5, nr 4 (październik 2015): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2015100103.

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Organizations are realizing the importance of social media and social networking sites as a communication channel for their brands. Startups, which are new small ventures, face many challenges to prosper in today's fast-paced economy. This research focuses on the challenge of building brand advocacy against the start-ups' low brand awareness and limited financing capabilities. Brand advocacy is defined as the extent to which consumers recommend the brand to their community. It is mainly characterized by high brand loyalty and strong positive electronic word of mouth. This research aims to explore the drivers of brand advocacy on social media in case of startups. The results of the will serve as the input for the second phase which follows a quantitative approach in which a survey will be undertaken to determine first, the relationship between the variables validated in the first phase and brand advocacy mediated by brand loyalty and electronic word of mouth, and second, test for demographics differences in this relationship.

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Miliani-Mosbah, Nesrine, i Thierry Lévy. "La dynamique des équipes entrepreneuriales en phase de pré-création et de démarrage à la lumière d’une approche systémique". Projectics / Proyéctica / Projectique 15, nr 3 (2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/proj.015.0017.

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Casado, Frank, Julio Siluk, Alvaro Luiz Neuenfeldt Júnior, Lucas De Ataide i Oscar Daniel Quiroga. "A business performance measurement system for incubated startups". Revista de Administração da UFSM 13, nr 5 (28.11.2020): 977–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465937817.

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Purpose – The development of a model to measure and assess the performance of start-ups in a standard incubation process, based on 99 critical success factors identified as the most relevant for the context.Design/methodology/approach – A total of three sequential steps were developed to reach the objectives proposed (Problem overview; modeling; and usage). The model was tested on four development stage incubation processes start-ups and three maturity stage incubation processes start-ups, located at the Technological Incubator of Santa Maria (ITSM).Findings – After the modeling phase, compromising results were found for only one developed stage start-up evaluated. Meanwhile, for the maturity stage, all three evaluated start-ups are competitive. To support the strategic decision-making process, the scores obtained were stratified to diagnose which perspective may compromise the performance of each start-up.Originality/value – This research proved to be adaptable to the decision context, thus being amenable to be used in different scenarios. The model presented in this work is composed of a systematic tool suitable to support the continuous improvement and learning processes for incubated start-ups, in specific to measure and assess the performance of start-ups.

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Pisoni, Alessia, i Alberto Onetti. "When startups exit: comparing strategies in Europe and the USA". Journal of Business Strategy 39, nr 3 (21.05.2018): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-02-2017-0022.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of trends toward start-up exits. Exits represent the “end phase” of the start-up process, at least for the founders and the early investors. For high-growth venture-capital-backed companies, exits are often considered the ultimate goal of building a profitable venture. These ventures are intended from the beginning to harvest the financial value created by the business at some point in the future, and return capital to early investors. Design/methodology/approach The authors tracked 5,744 merger and acquisition transactions that have occurred between European and US tech start-ups since 2012. Data are drawn from CrunchBase, the most comprehensive database of high-tech companies and investors with information on the companies and investors around the world. The authors then compared the trends of acquisitions between European and US companies. Findings Results show that US companies are far more inclined to make acquisitions than European ones. Acquirers of start-ups, both from Europe and the US, prefer to buy local companies. However, recently, US companies have started to show more interest in European start-ups. Thus, signaling that the European start-up ecosystem is growing and becoming more attractive for US buyers. Furthermore, results show that start-up exits typically happen within a few years after a company’s establishment. Research limitations/implications The research does not take into consideration the price of the transaction, or the amount of capital invested by venture capitalists in the high-tech start-ups that have been acquired. Further research should address this specific problem by helping European start-ups understand how to plan the exit phase within few years from establishment. Practical implications The results have important implications both for entrepreneurs/managers and policymakers. Early exit appears to be a global trend among start-ups. This suggests that the exit phase should be properly planned to happen in the very early stage of the start-up process. On the other hand, the research also shows that there is still a gap to be filled in the European start-up ecosystems’ ability to produce exits and create new large innovative companies (the so-called “unicorns”). Originality/value To date, there has been a little research about exits for young high-tech ventures. This paper will attempt to shed new light on this so far under-explored issue by specifically analyzing exits as financial strategy for investors and entrepreneurs.

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Kyrylych, Tamara, i Yuriy Povstenko. "Multi-Criteria Analysis of Startup Investment Alternatives Using the Hierarchy Method". Entropy 25, nr 5 (27.04.2023): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25050723.

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In this paper, we discuss the use of multi-criteria analysis for investment alternatives as a rational, transparent, and systematic approach that reveals the decision-making process during a study of influences and relationships in complex organizational systems. It is shown that this approach considers not only quantitative but also qualitative influences, statistical and individual properties of the object, and expert objective evaluation. We define the criteria for evaluating startup investment prerogatives, which are organized in thematic clusters (types of potential). To compare the investment alternatives, Saaty’s hierarchy method is used. As an example, the analysis of three startups is carried out based on the phase mechanism and Saaty’s analytic hierarchy process to identify investment appeal of startups according to their specific features. As a result, it is possible to diversify the risks of an investor through the allocation of resources between several projects, in accordance with the received vector of global priorities.

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Alam, Muhammad Aftab, i Kashif Mateen Ansari. "Open innovation ecosystems: toward low-cost wind energy startups". International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, nr 5 (11.03.2020): 853–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2019-0010.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how an open innovation strategy of public management in the energy sector enables the creation of innovation ecosystems and how it reduces the cost of wind energy projects in energy-poor countries. Design/methodology/approach This research study reflects on seven wind energy startups (WESs) in Pakistan using quantitative and qualitative data following a sequential mixed-methods approach. First, it draws from growing literature on innovation and renewable energy management to conceptualize an open innovation ecosystem model around WESs. It then tests this model using cost analyses of wind projects and identifies possible cost-saving strategies. Finally, follow-up interviews with managers in investigated projects cross check study findings and validate the model. Findings Three noteworthy findings can help policymakers in developing countries to effectively meet the future energy challenges and get benefit from international funding opportunities: by protecting lenders on approved terms rather than offering sovereign guarantee to operating firms; by letting the government take control of the initial development phase; and by giving off-take guarantees to the manufacturers. Practical implications It offers policy recommendations to energy sector managers about guarantees, financing, regulators, governmental control, tariffs and transfer of technology that can significantly curtail outlays. Originality/value Results suggest that adopting an open innovation ecosystem model can potentially save around 6 per cent ($4-$7m) in the overall cost of a 50 MW wind energy project.

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Mazouz, Bachir, i Patrick Cohendet. "« Pratiques d’accompagnement et performance. Très petites et petites entreprises camerounaises en phase de démarrage », sous la direction d’Emmanuel Kamdem, CODESRIA, 2011". Management international 16, nr 2 (2012): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008718ar.

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Malik, A. A., Y. S. Kudu i A. J. Mohammed. "Growth performance, nutrients digestibility and economy of feed conversion of broiler chickens fed diets containing cowpea milling waste and plantain peel meal mixture". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, nr 6 (28.02.2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i6.2879.

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A total of 144, one-day-old Arbor Acre chicks were used to investigate the effect of feeding diets containing cowpea milling waste and plantain peel meal mixture (CMWPPM) on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility and economy of feed conversion of broiler chickens. The birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design model, and consisted of 0, 10, 20 and 30 % dietary inclusion levels of CMWPPM. Each treatment was replicated three times with 12 chicks per replicate, making a total of 36 chicks per treatment. The experiment lasted for seven weeks. Nutrients digestibility studies were carried out at the 3rd and 7th week of the experiment using speciallydesigned metabolism cages. Results showed that at the starter phase, birds on CMWPPM 0% had significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake, while birds on CMMPPM 20 % had significantly (P<0.05) lower feed intake than birds on the other treatments. The cost of feed and total cost of feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) higher for CMWPPM 30 % and significantly lower for CMWPPM 20 % than for the other treatments; while feed cost per kg weight gain had no significant difference across the treatments. At the finisher phase, there were no significant differences in all the growth performance parameters measured across the treatment groups. However, total cost of feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher for CMWPPM 10 % and significantly (P<0.05) lower for CMWPPM 20 %. The feed cost per kg weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher for CMWPPM 10 % and significantly (P<0.05) lower for CMWPPM 20 % and 30 % diets. Results of nutrients digestibility at the starter phase show that though dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract digestibility were significantly (P<0.05) different across the treatments, there were no significant (P>0.05) difference in the overall total digestible nutrient across the diets. For the finisher phase, as the level of CMWPPM increased in the diets, the CP, CF, ash, lipid, NFE and TDN decreased across the treatments Therefore, it is concluded that the inclusion level of CMWPPM in the diet of broiler chickens should not exceed 20 % for optimum economy of feed conversion at the finisher phase; whereas birds can be fed diets containing 30 % dietary inclusion level of CMWPPM with good economy of feed conversion at the starter phase. Un total de 144 poussins de 'Arbor Acre' âgés d'un jour a été utilisés pour étudier l'effet des régimes alimentaires contenant des déchets de 'cowpea' et du mélange de repas defarine d'écorce de 'plantain'. (Le 'CMWPPM') sur les performances de croissance, la digestibilité des nutriments et l'économie de la conversion alimentaire des poulets de chair. Les oiseaux ont été attribués au hasard à quatre traitements diététiques dans un modèle de conception complètement aléatoire, et consistaient en des niveaux d'inclusion alimentaire de 0, 10, 20 et 30% de 'CMWPPM'. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois avec 12 poussins par répétition, soit un total de 36 poussins par traitement. L'expérience a duré sept semaines. Des études de digestibilité des nutriments ont été réalisées à la 3ème et 7ème semaine de l'expérience en utilisant des cages de métabolisme spécialement conçues. Les résultats ont montré qu'à la phase de démarrage, les oiseaux sous 'CMWPPM' 0% avaient une ingestion alimentaire significativement (P <0,05) plus élevée, tandis que les oiseaux sous 'CMMPPM' 20% avaient une ingestion alimentaire significativement (P <0,05) inférieure à celle des oiseaux sur les autres traitements. Le coût de l'alimentation et le coût total de la prise alimentaire étaient significativement (P <0,05) plus élevés pour CMWPPM 30% et significativement plus faibles pour CMWPPM 20% que pour les autres traitements ; tandis que le coût de l'alimentation par kg de gain de poids n'avait pas de différence significative entre les traitements. Lors de la phase de finition, il n'y avait pas de différences significatives dans tous les paramètres de performance de croissance mesurés dans les groupes de traitement. Cependant, le coût total de l'ingestion alimentaire était significativement (P <0,05) plus élevé pour CMWPPM 10% et significativement (P <0,05) inférieur pour CMWPPM 20%. Le coût de l'alimentation par kg de gain de poids était significativement (P <0,05) plus élevé pour le CMWPPM 10% et significativement (P <0,05) inférieur pour les régimes CMWPPM 20% et 30%. Les résultats de la digestibilité des nutriments à la phase de démarrage montrent que bien que la digestibilité de la matière sèche, des protéines brutes, des fibres brutes et de l'extrait sans azote soient significativement différentes (P <0,05) d'un traitement à l'autre, il n'y avait pas de différence significative (P> 0,05) dans le total de nutriments digestibles à travers les régimes. Pour la phase de finition, au fur et à mesure que le niveau de 'CMWPPM' augmentait dans les régimes alimentaires, le 'CP', les 'FC', les cendres, les lipides, l'NFE et le TDN diminuaient au fil des traitements. Par conséquent, il est conclu que le niveau d'inclusion de 'CMWPPM' dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair dépasse 20% pour une économie optimale de la conversion des aliments lors de la phase de finition ; tandis que les oiseaux peuvent être nourris avec des aliments contenant 30% de taux d'inclusion alimentaire de 'CMWPPM' avec une bonne économie de conversion alimentaire lors de la phase de démarrage.

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Amos, A. T., D. U. Kareem, A. O. Amos i O. M. O. Idowu,. "Nutritional evaluation of differently processed cassava-soya blends in the diets of broiler chickens". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, nr 2 (2.03.2021): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i2.2929.

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A 56-day study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of differently processed cassava-soya blends (CSB) in the diets of broiler chickens. 360 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks used for this study were assigned to the 12 dietary treatment groups which were replicated three times with ten birds each. Two differently dried blends of cassava pulp and soybeans (dry and wet heated), mixed at four (4) different ratios were subjected to two types of dehydration methods to obtain 12 types of blends. These blends were subsequently included in the diets of broiler chickens at 15% in a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement to obtain 12 dietary treatments. Eight weeks of feeding trials (starter and finisher phases) were observed. The blends were chemically analysed to determine their proximate, hydrocyanide (HCN) and trypsin inhibition unit (TIU) compositions. Growth parameters (Initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) of the birds at both phases were also measured. Results showed that fried blend cassava and wet heated soybeans at 50:50 mixing ratio had the highest crude protein (37.72%) and metabolizable energy (3,314 kcal/kg) with low HCN residue of 1.70 mg/kg. At the starter phase, birds fed diets containing 50:50 mixing ratio of CSB had the highest final weights (904.00 g/b) and weight gain (31.08 g/b/day) while those fed diets containing 80:20 mixing ratio of CSB were least (839.00 g/b and 29.62 g/n/day respectively). Highest (p<0.05) body weight gain per bird per day (43.95 g/b/d) and lowest feed conversion ratio (2.56) were recorded with birds fed fried blend of dry heated soybean and cassava pulp at 50:50 mixing ratio at the finisher phase. Lowest feed intake was recorded with birds fed fried blend of dry heated soybean and cassava pulp at 80:20 mixing ratio. It can be concluded that replacing 15% inclusion fried CSB blend of dry heated raw soya beans mixed with cassava at 50:50 of CSB blends in diets of broiler chickens resulted in higher weight gain at both starter and finisher phase, while dehydration by sun drying and 50:50 mixing ratio improved the feed conversion ratio of the birds at finisher phase. Une étude de 56 jours a été menée afin d'évaluer la valeur nutritive des mélanges manioc- soja (CSB) transformés différemment dans les régimes alimentaires des poulets à griller. Les poussins 'cobb-500' de 360 jours utilisés pour cette étude ont été assignés aux 12 groupes de traitement diététique qui ont été reproduits trois fois avec dix oiseaux chacun. Deux mélanges différemment séchés de pulpe de manioc et de soja (chauffés secs et humides), mélangés à quatre (4) rapports différents, ont été soumis à deux types de méthodes de déshydratation pour obtenir 12 types de mélanges. Ces mélanges ont ensuite été inclus dans les régimes des poulets à 15% dans un arrangement factorial 2x2x3 pour obtenir 12 traitements diététiques. Huit semaines d'essais d'alimentation (phases de démarrage et de finition) ont été observées. Les mélanges ont été analysés chimiquement pour déterminer leurs compositions proximate, hydrocyanide (HCN) et unité d'inhibition de trypsine (TIU). Les paramètres de croissance (poids initial, poids final, gain de poids, apport alimentaire et ratio de conversion des aliments pour animaux) des oiseaux aux deux phases ont également été mesurés. Les résultats ont montré que le manioc frit et le soja chauffé humide à 50:50 ratio de mélange avaient la protéine brute la plus élevée (37.72 %) et l'énergie métabolisable (3 314 kcal/kg) avec un faible résidu de HCN de 1.70 mg/kg. Lors de la phase de démarrage, les oiseaux nourris selon un régime alimentaire contenant 50:50 de CSB avaient les poids finaux les plus élevés (904.00 g/b) et le gain de poids (31.08 g/b/jour) tandis que ceux nourris avec un ratio de mélange de 80.20 g/n/jour respectivement étaient les moins nombreux (839.00 g/b et 29.62 g/n/jour respectivement). Le gain de poids corporel le plus élevé (p<0.05) par oiseau et par jour (43.95 g/b/j) et le plus faible ratio de conversion des aliments pour animaux (2.56) ont été enregistrés chez les oiseaux nourris au mélange frit de soja chauffé à sec et de pulpe de manioc à 50:50 rapport de mélange à la phase de finition. La plus faible consommation d'aliments pour animaux a été enregistrée chez les oiseaux nourris au mélange frit de soja chauffé à sec et de pulpe de manioc à 80:20. On peut conclure que le remplacement de 15 % de soja crues chauffées à sec mélangées au manioc à 50:50 des mélanges CSB dans les régimes de poulets a entraîné un gain de poids plus élevé à la fois au démarrage et à la phase finale, tandis que la déshydratation par séchage au soleil et le rapport de mélange de 50:50 ont amélioré le ratio de conversion des aliments pour animaux à la phase de finition

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Leavy, Brian. "Startups – Tom Eisenmann analyzes the most prevalent failure patterns and how to avoid them". Strategy & Leadership 49, nr 5 (14.10.2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-09-2021-0091.

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Purpose The Fail-Safe Startup: Your Roadmap for Entrepreneurial Success, the new book by entrepreneurship researcher Tom Eisenmann, sets out to help improve the odds by looking more closely at the most prevalent causes of startup failure and how to avoid them. Design/methodology/approach Eisenmann research led him to identify six distinct patterns that explain a large proportion of startup failures, three relating to early stage failures and three to late stage. Findings Strong demand from early adopters may lead a founder to scale up prematurely. Practical/implications Entrepreneurs must research differences in the needs of likely early adopters and mainstream customers during the upfront customer discovery phase. Originality/value Entrepreneurs must research differences in the needs of likely early adopters and mainstream customers during the upfront customer discovery phase. 10; 10;The line between visionary entrepreneur and cult leader can become blurry, and a founder?s ?reality distortion field--useful for motivating others to help pursue the founder?s dream?can become a liability.

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Amos, A. T., J. O. Amos Olowoniyi, D. U. Kareem, W. O. Olukowi, G. K. Odeyemi, E. O. Ajayi, D. O. Adekola i O. M. O. Idowu. "Nutrient utilization by broiler chickens fed differently processed cassava-soya blends". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, nr 6 (18.01.2022): 237–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i6.3304.

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Due to insufficiency in maize supplies for use as poultry feed and its high price, there is the need for alternative energy sources for poultry. The availability of cassava in the tropical part of the world and the need to fashion a way of incorporating cheaper alternative ingredients into poultry feed makes cassava a good alternative to maize in poultry feeding. However, compared with cereal grains, cassava is low in protein and the protein it has is of poor quality with very low essential amino acid contents, hence the need to make a blend of it with oil seeds such as soyabean which are rich in protein. This study was thereby conducted to determine the nutrient utilization by broiler chickens fed diets of differently processed Cassava-Soya Blends (CSB). Cassava pulp and full fat soyabean (dry and wet heated) mixed at ratios 50:50, 60:40, and 80:20 was subjected to two types of dehydration methods (frying and sun drying) to obtain 12 types of CSB. The blends were included at 15% level in the ration of broiler chickens in a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement. 360 one-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks used for this study were randomly allotted to the 12 dietary treatment groups in three replicates with 10 birds each. Eight weeks of feeding trials (starter and finisher phases) were observed. Nutrient digestibility trials were carried out on the birds at 4th and 8th week of the experiment. Cassava blended with wet heated full fat soya at 50:50 had the highest crude protein (CP) of 37.72% and metabolizable energy (3,314kcal/kg) with low HCNresidue of 1.70 mg/kg. The interaction of heat treatments, mixing ratio and dehydration methods resulted in higher CP digestibility from 75.82% to 77.27% and metabolizable energy from 10.65MJ/kg to 12.92 MJ/kg at the starter phase. It is concluded that the interactions of soyabean heat treatment, dehydration methods and mixing ratio of CSB positively influenced crude protein digestibility and metabolizable energy at the starter phase. En raison de l'insuffisance des approvisionnements en maïs destiné à l'alimentation des volailles et de son prix élevé, il existe un besoin de sources d'énergie alternatives pour la volaille. La disponibilité du manioc dans la partie tropicale du monde et la nécessité de trouver un moyen d'incorporer des ingrédients alternatifs moins chers dans l'alimentation des volailles font du manioc une bonne alternative au maïs dans l'alimentation des volailles. Cependant, comparé aux céréales, le manioc est pauvre en protéines et les protéines qu'il contient sont de mauvaise qualité avec des teneurs en acides aminés essentiels très faibles, d'où la nécessité d'en faire un mélange avec des graines oléagineuses comme le soja qui sont riches en protéines. Cette étude a ainsi été menée pour déterminer l'utilisation des nutriments par des poulets à griller nourris avec des régimes de mélanges manioc-soja (MMS) transformés différemment. La pulpe de manioc et le soja entier (chauffé à sec et humide) mélangés à des ratios 50:50, 60:40 et 80:20 ont été soumis à deux types de méthodes de déshydratation (friture et séchage au soleil) pour obtenir 12 types de MMS. Les mélanges ont été inclus à un niveau de 15 % dans la ration de poulets à griller dans un arrangement factoriel 2x2x3. 360 poussins de chair Cobb-500 d'un jour utilisés pour cette étude ont été répartis au hasard dans les 12 groupes de traitement alimentaire en trois répétitions avec 10 oiseaux chacun. Huit semaines d'essais d'alimentation (phases de démarrage et de finition) ont été observées. Des essais de digestibilité des nutriments ont été effectués sur les oiseaux à la 4e et à la 8e semaine de l'expérience. Le manioc mélangé avec du soja entier chauffé humide à 50:50 avait la protéine brute (PB) la plus élevée de 37,72 % et l'énergie métabolisable (3 314 kcal/kg) avec un faible résidu de HCN de 1,70 mg/kg. L'interaction des traitements thermiques, du rapport de mélange et des méthodes de déshydratation a entraîné une digestibilité de PB plus élevée de 75,82 % à 77,27 % et une énergie métabolisable de 10,65 MJ/kg à 12,92 MJ/kg à la phase de démarrage. Il est conclu que les interactions du traitement thermique du soja, les méthodes de déshydratation et le rapport de mélange du MMS ont influencé positivement la digestibilité des protéines brutes et l'énergie métabolisable à la phase de démarrage.

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Audet, Josée, i Étienne St-Jean. "Les enjeux de l’aspirant repreneur". Revue internationale P.M.E. 22, nr 3-4 (21.07.2010): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044127ar.

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Il existe au Québec comme ailleurs de bonnes raisons de s’inquiéter du retrait prochain des affaires d’un grand nombre de dirigeants de PME. La présente étude vise à documenter la situation dans l’industrie forestière de récolte en ce qui a trait à la présence d’aspirants repreneurs parmi les travailleurs forestiers. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à la phase de préparation du repreneur, alors qu’il envisage de démarrer une entreprise, en hésitant toutefois entre le repreneuriat ou le démarrage « classique ». Les résultats montrent que pour l’instant, le plus grand frein au repreneuriat est la situation économique précaire de l’industrie. Cette situation incite les aspirants repreneurs à remettre à plus tard leur projet et rend aussi plus difficile son financement. Cette deuxième barrière est pratiquement insurmontable vu le montant élevé nécessaire pour financer l’acquisition d’une entreprise de récolte ou les actifs requis pour en démarrer une. Par ailleurs, l’évaluation du prix à payer pour acheter une entreprise de récolte et l’accès à l’information sur les entreprises possiblement à vendre ne semblent pas causer de problèmes majeurs. En conclusion, il semble qu’à défaut de mettre en place des conditions gagnantes pouvant inciter les travailleurs forestiers démontrant un potentiel entrepreneurial à reprendre, ce sont vraisemblablement d’autres acteurs de l’industrie qui le feront.

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MONNIAUX, D., A. CARATY, F. CLEMENT, R. DALBIES-TRAN, J. DUPONT, S. FABRE, N. GERARD, P. MERMILLOD, P. MONGET i S. UZBEKOVA. "Développement folliculaire ovarien et ovulation chez les mammifères". INRAE Productions Animales 22, nr 2 (15.04.2009): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2009.22.2.3335.

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Cette revue présente l’état des connaissances sur la folliculogenèse et l’ovulation chez les mammifères. La folliculogenèse basale est une phase de croissance folliculaire lente, au cours de laquelle l’ovocyte acquiert la compétence méiotique. La folliculogenèse terminale est une phase de développement rapide, au cours de laquelle le follicule ovulatoire est sélectionné et termine sa maturation, tandis que l’ovocyte acquiert la compétence au développement. La revue décrit les différents changements fonctionnels qui s’opèrent dans le follicule et l’ovocyte au cours de ces deux phases, ainsi que les mécanismes qui les régulent et qui déterminent le quota ovulatoire caractéristique de chaque espèce ou race. Les facteurs-clés identifiés de la folliculogenèse sont les BMP, le KITLG et l’AMH pour le démarrage de croissance folliculaire, l’IGF et l’insuline pour la transition entre folliculogenèse basale et terminale, la FSH pour le début de la folliculogenèse terminale et la sélection des follicules ovulatoires, et la LH pour le développement folliculaire final, la maturation ovocytaire et l’ovulation. L’ovulation est déclenchée par une décharge préovulatoire de LH qui induit la maturation du complexe cumulus-ovocyte dans le follicule ovulatoire, suivie de la rupture de la paroi folliculaire et de la formation du corps jaune. La folliculogenèse ovarienne est contrôlée par des facteurs externes, tels que la photopériode et la nutrition, et c’est essentiellement le système hypothalamo-hypophysaire qui intègre les signaux endocriniens et environnementaux. Des modifications de l’apport alimentaire, relayées par des variations de signaux hormonaux et métaboliques, modulent l’activité de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-ovarien à ses différents étages.

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Meyssonnier, François. "Les dispositifs de pilotage de la performance en environnement innovant et incertain : étude comparative de huit startups". Revue internationale P.M.E. 28, nr 3-4 (24.02.2016): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035414ar.

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Une étude comparative des dispositifs de pilotage de la performance dans huit startups appartenant au même écosystème montre que ces entreprises recourent d’abord au suivi de trésorerie et au compte de résultat de la comptabilité générale puis aux tableaux de bord de production ou commerciaux et seulement ensuite aux outils classiques du contrôle de gestion que sont les calculs de coûts, le système budgétaire et le tableau de bord de pilotage global. En environnement innovant et incertain, l’introduction du contrôle de gestion n’est pas toujours nécessaire quand l’entreprise est très petite, quand elle est plus proche de sa base scientifique que des marchés (par exemple dans le cas des biotechs) et en raison du système français d’aides publiques qui rend moins urgent l’intervention du capital risque. Quand l’appropriation du contrôle de gestion est en cours, elle est souvent ralentie par la focalisation compréhensible des dirigeants sur les objectifs techniques et commerciaux et par leur culture principalement scientifique. Enfin les dispositifs de pilotage mis en oeuvre restent réduits à un usage psycho-cognitif pour l’aide à la décision du dirigeant en phase d’exploration ou sont plus développés en phase d’exploitation, mais alors généralement avec un responsable du contrôle de gestion cantonné à un rôle de garde-fou et un fonctionnement interactif. Dix propositions résument les enseignements de cette recherche.

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Ndelekwute, E. K., C. O. Okereke, E. D. Assam i R. Obongekpe. "Evaluation of dietary effect of cassava peel meal bio-improved with calopogonium mucunoides on nutrient retention and growth performance of broiler chickens". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, nr 1 (28.02.2021): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2910.

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Due to skepticism that follows the use of cassava peel meal, it has been advocated that its nutritive value for poultry be improved. Thus an experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary effect of cassava peel meal (CPM) improved by supplementing with Calopogonium mucunoides (CM) on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth, meat yield and internal organs of broiler chickens. The CPM was improved by mix-grinding 1000g of it with fresh and succulent leaves CM at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels, respectively and included in the diets. One hundred and forty-four (144), one day old Hubbard chicks were used. They were grouped into six treatments (T1-T6), replicated into three and with eight birds/replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment 1 (T1) was the control diet without CPM, T2 contained unimproved CPM while T3 – T6 contained CPM mixed with 10, 20, 30 and 40% CM, respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum for 49 days. Results showed that CM improved the crude protein, ether extract and fibre content of CPM. Live weight and Feed: gain ratio were better (P<0.05) with improved CPM but negatively affected by unimproved CPM at the starter phase. Also at the starter phase feed intake was not altered significantly (P>0.05). At the finisher phase while the live weight was increased by 20-40% improved CPM, the feed intake was reduced (P<0.05). Best feed: gain ratio was recorded by 40% improved CM. Unimproved CPM reduced digestibility of dry matter, protein, ether extract and energy utilization; dressed percentage, the weight of breast, gizzard, kidney, pancreas and small intestine but increased bile volume and caeca size. Therefore, it is recommended that 40% C. muconoides could be used to improve cassava peel meal for inclusion in diets of broiler chickens A cause du scepticisme qui suit l'utilisation de la farine d'écorce de manioc, il a été préconisé que sa valeur nutritive pour la volaille soit améliorée. Ainsi, une expérience a été menée pour évaluer l'effet diététique de la farine d'écorce de manioc (le 'CPM') améliorée en complétant avec Calopogonium mucunoides (le 'CM') sur la digestibilité apparente des nutriments, la croissance, le rendement en viande et les organes internes des poulets de chair. Le 'CPM' a été amélioré en mélangeant 1000 g de celui-ci avec des feuilles fraîches et succulentes 'CM' à des niveaux de 0, 10, 20, 30 et 40% respectivement et inclus dans les régimes. Cent quarante- quatre (144) poussins Hubbard d'un jour ont été utilisés. Ils ont été regroupés en six traitements (T1-T6), répliqués en trois et avec huit oiseaux / répliques dans un plan complètement randomisé (le 'CRD'). Le traitement 1 (T1) était le régime témoin sans CPM, T2 contenait du CPM non amélioré tandis que T3-T6 contenait du CPM mélangé à 10, 20, 30 et 40% de 'CM', respectivement. Des aliments et de l'eau ont été offerts à volonté pendant 49 jours. Les résultats ont montré que le 'CM' améliorait la teneur en protéines brutes, en extrait d'éther et en fibres du 'CPM'. Le poids vif et le rapport alimentation : gain étaient meilleurs (P <0,05) avec un 'CPM' amélioré, mais affectés négativement par un 'CPM' non amélioré lors de la phase de démarrage. De même, lors de la phase de démarrage, la prise alimentaire n'a pas été modifiée de manière significative (P> 0,05). Lors de la phase de finition, alors que le poids vif était augmenté de 20 à 40% de 'CPM' amélioré, la prise alimentaire était réduite (P <0,05). Le meilleur rapport alimentation : gain a été enregistré par une 'CM' améliorée de 40%. Le CPM non amélioré réduit la digestibilité de la matière sèche, des protéines, de l'extrait d'éther et de l'utilisation de l'énergie ; pourcentage habillé, le poids du sein, du gésier, des reins, du pancréas et de l'intestin grêle mais augmentation du volume de la bile et de la taille des caecas. Par conséquent, il est recommandé d'utiliser 40% de muconoides de C. pour améliorer la farine de pelure de manioc à inclure dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair.

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Korpysa, Jaroslaw, Uma Shankar Singh i Swapnil Singh. "Validation of Decision Criteria and Determining Factors Importance in Advocating for Sustainability of Entrepreneurial Startups towards Social Inclusion and Capacity Building". Sustainability 15, nr 13 (21.06.2023): 9938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15139938.

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The main goal of the study is to assess the decision criteria and the determining factors for the sustainability of entrepreneurial startups in order to contribute towards social inclusion and capacity building. Both concepts are in the development phase and are the outcome of entrepreneurial ecosystem and individual behavior and traits. The current study observed the research problem as entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial startups are the continuous phenomena required for every economy. The lack of an efficient ecosystem and incompetent trait of an entrepreneur brings the entrepreneurial startup to failure. Therefore, an assessment of decision criteria and determining factors categorizing them by their importance may provide the requirements to lead to a successful entrepreneurial startup, contributing to social inclusion and capacity building. The study solved the research problem by statistical assessment of decision criteria and determining factors and categorizing them by their importance may provide the requirements to lead to a successful entrepreneurial startup. The research is built on research questions, objectives, a conceptual model, and a hypothesis, which are tested based on the data collected. The collection of data was done through a survey questionnaire on a sample of established entrepreneurs. The study concludes that the five components of decision criteria are region, competition, funding opportunities, tax system, and country economic situation, whereas eight determining factors, consciousness and reliability, pursuit of results, flexibility, stress resistance, skills of identification and exploitation of potential market opportunities, leadership, creativity and innovation, and delegation of decision-making, are required for a successful entrepreneurial startup to be able to work towards social inclusion and capacity building.

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Dandoy, J. R., N. C. Dressnandt, T. C. Gosart, L. F. Gutierrez Zagazeta, P. T. Keener, K. Krizka, J. Kroll i in. "Testing of the HCC and AMAC functionality and radiation tolerance for the HL-LHC ATLAS ITk strip detector". Journal of Instrumentation 18, nr 03 (1.03.2023): C03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/03/c03017.

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Abstract For the high-luminosity phase of the LHC, which begins operation in 2029, the current ATLAS inner detector will be replaced by a new tracker, the ITk. The ITk consists of two subdetectors, one using pixels and the second using silicon-strips, the ITk Strip detector. The HCC and AMAC chip are radiation-tolerant ASICs that contribute to the front-end readout, monitoring and control of the ITk Strip subsystem. Low temperature startups and low internal regulated voltage tests have been performed on HCC and AMAC to guarantee their reliability at edge operation conditions. In addition, to ensure the operation of the HCC and AMAC under a radiation heavy environment, gamma and x-ray irradiation campaigns were conducted. HCC and AMAC successfully operated at harsher conditions than the ones expected during the HL-LHC.

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Zajko, Marian. "Challenges of scaling-up process for start-ups". Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 2, nr 1 (20.12.2017): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cplbu-2017-0009.

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Abstract Start-up is just a beginning phase of a company life cycle followed by the growth or scaling phase where the growth potential of start-up can develop into a high-growth company bringing revenues, well-paid jobs and taxes. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the essence of scaling up and the relevant external and internal factors for successful scaling up. The research method consists in analysis of internal and external conditions for successful scaling up and related support policies in the EU and Slovakia based on the secondary survey data and relevant publications. The findings about the Slovak start-up ecosystem confirm the relevance of risks of scaling up for the Slovak startups too. Therefore next to the improving of the start-up ecosystem the Slovak policy makers should develop systematic support measures for the scale-up ecosystem in Slovakia based on appropriate scale up metrics and incentives for support of start-ups in order to achieve a higher proportion of gazelles in the economy.

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Nguefack, Gildas Djieufo, Hervé Kuietche Mube, Agwah Dayan Ebile i Florence Anyangwe Fonteh. "Effets du niveau de protéines de la ration sur les performances de croissances des pintades locales gris perlées (Numida meleagris) du Cameroun en phase démarrage (0-8 semaines)". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, nr 6 (11.03.2023): 2715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i6.20.

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Face à l’insécurité alimentaire qui menace les pays en développement comme le Cameroun, la production rationnelle des espèces endogènes est une nécessité. C’est ainsi que les besoins protéiques de croissance de la pintade locale du Cameroun ont été étudié. Le travail a été mené à la Ferme d’Application et de Recherche (FAR) de l’Université de Dschang. Un total de 64 pintadeaux d’un jour non sexés de type local (gris perlé) ont été utilisés. Ces animaux ont été soumis à quatre niveaux de protéines (26, 24, 22 et 20% de protéine brute correspondants aux rations R26, R24, R22 et R20 respectivement) suivant un dispositif complètement randomisé comportant quatre traitements et quatre répétitions de huit pintades chacune. Les données collectées (consommation alimentaire, poids vif, gain de poids et indice de consommation) ont été soumises à l’analyse de la Variance à un facteur (niveau de protéine). Les principaux résultats ont montré que les animaux soumis au taux de protéines 24% (R24) ont obtenu un poids vif et un gain de poids significativement plus élevé comparé à ceux des autres lots. De même le plus faible indice de consommation (2,98) et coût de production ont été enregistrés avec la même ration. Par contre, la ration R26 a obtenu la consommation alimentaire la plus élevée par rapport à celle des autres. En conclusion, 24% de protéines brutes est le niveau indiqué pour une meilleure croissance des pintades en phase démarrage (0-8 semaines). Faced with the problem of food insecurity that threatens developing countries like Cameroon, the rational production of endogenous species is a necessity. Thus the protein requirement for the growth of the local Cameroon guinea fowl was studied. This study was carried out at the Research and Application Farm (FAR) of the University of Dschang. A total of 64 unsexed day-old keets of local type (pearl grey) were used. These animals were subjected to four protein levels (26, 24, 22 and 20% crude protein corresponding to the rations R26, R24, R22 and R20 respectively) in a completely randomized design of four treatments. Each treatment was replicated four times with eight guinea fowls per replicate. Data collected (feed consumption, live weight, weight gain and feed conversion) was subjected to one-way analysis of variance (protein level). The main results show that, animals submitted to 24% protein level (R24) obtained a live weight and weight gain that was significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to those of the other treatment groups. Similarly, the lowest feed conversion ratio (2.98) and cost of production were recorded with the same ration. Animal fed with R26 ration had the highest feed intake compared to the other rations. In conclusion, 24% crude protein was the best level of incorporation indicated for better growth of guinea fowl in the starter phase (0-8 weeks).

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Otu, B. O., A. A. Banjo, S. P. Kolo, A. M. Balogun i A. I. Dabban. "Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets containing varying inclusion levels of dried watermelon rind at the starter phase". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, nr 3 (6.03.2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i3.2955.

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Watermelon rind is one of the several unwanted by-products generated by restaurants, fruit juice producers and food industries in Nigeria that can be gotten rid of by using it as an energy source in broiler production. The growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of broilers fed diets containing varying inclusion levels of dried watermelon rind (DWMR) in replacement for wheat offal as source of energy and fibre at starter phase was evaluated. The dried watermelon rind was prepared by sun-drying fresh watermelon for three days and oven-dried at 50 ºC for 2 hours. The birds were randomly allocated to five (5) treatments (T1 – T5), each treatment had three replicates with ten (10) birds per replicate. The birds were fed varied levels of DWMR at 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % in replacement of wheat offal to obtain five diets. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum throughout the 28 days study duration. Body weight, Body weight gain, Feed intake, Feed conversion ratio and apparent nutrient digestibility were measured. The results obtained on the growth performance shows no significant (P>0.05) difference of the growth parameters across treatments. However, there was significant (P<0.05) difference in the digestibility of Crude fibre, Ether extract, Ash, Nitrogen free extract and Total digestible nutrient across treatments. There was no obvious variation in dry matter and crude protein digestibility. The result of the total digestible nutrient was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 (92.90 %) than the T1 (84.99 %) which was the control diet. The crude fibre digestibility recorded in T2 (63.48%) and T1 (61.09 %) is higher than T5 (43.00 %), the ether extract digestibility of T1 (96.42 %) is higher than the other groups with the lowest in T4 (95.25 %). There was depress ash digestibility in T5 (68.30 %), lower than the other groups with the highest in T1 (82.59 %). The study therefore concluded that farmers can replace wheat offal with 25 % watermelon rind in broiler starter diet without any deleterious effect in the growth performance and nutrient digestibility. La croûte de pastèque est l'un des nombreux sous-produits indésirables produits par les restaurants, les producteurs de jus de fruits et les industries alimentaires au Nigéria qui peuvent être débarrassés en l'utilisant comme source d'énergie dans la production de poulets à griller. La performance de croissance et la digestibilité apparente des éléments nutritifs des poulets de grillage nourris selon des régimes alimentaires contenant différents niveaux d'inclusion de la croûte de pastèque séchée (DWMR) en remplacement des aals de blé comme source d'énergie et de fibres à la phase de démarrage ont été évaluées. La croûte de pastèque séchée a été préparée par pastèque fraîche séchée pendant trois jours et séchée au four à 50ºC pendant 2 heures. Les oiseaux ont été attribués au hasard à cinq (5) traitements (T1 - T5), chaque traitement avait trois répliques avec dix (10) oiseaux par réplique. Les oiseaux ont été nourris à des niveaux variés de DWMR à 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % et 100 % en remplacement des aals de blé pour obtenir cinq régimes alimentaires. L'alimentation et l'eau ont été fournies ad-libitum tout au long de la durée de l'étude de 28 jours. Le poids corporel, le gain de poids corporel, l'apport alimentaire, le rapport de conversion des aliments pour animaux et la digestibilité apparente des nutriments ont été mesurés. Les résultats obtenus sur la performance de croissance ne montrent aucune différence significative (P>0.05) des paramètres de croissance entre les traitements. Cependant, il y avait une différence significative (P<0.05) dans la digestibilité des fibres brutes, extrait d'éther, cendres, extrait sans azote et nutriment digestible total entre les traitements. Il n'y avait aucune variation évidente dans la matière sèche et la digestibilité brute de protéine. Le résultat du nutriment digestible total a été significativement (P<0.05) plus élevé en T2 (92.90 %) que le T1 (84.99%) qui était le régime de contrôle. La digestibilité des fibres brutes enregistrée en T2 (63.48%) et T1 (61.09 %) est plus élevé que T5 (43.00 %), la digestibilité de l'extrait d'éther de T1 (96.42 %) est plus élevé que les autres groupes ayant le plus faible taux de T4 (95.25 %). Il y avait une digestibilité déprimante des cendres en T5 (68.30 %), inférieure à celle des autres groupes ayant le taux le plus élevé en T1 (82.59 %). L'étude a donc conclu que les agriculteurs peuvent remplacer les aals de blé par 25 % de croûte de pastèque dans le régime de démarrage des poulets à griller sans aucun effet délétère dans la performance de croissance et la digestibilité des nutriments.

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Peabody, John, Trever Burgon, David Paculdo, Othman Ouenes, Enrico de Belen, Mike Richey, Richard M. Thayer i Mickey Urdea. "Postmortems on diagnostic testing start-ups: reports of commercial successes and failures and the case of the Zombie life science company". BMJ Innovations 7, nr 1 (17.09.2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000431.

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BackgroundFrom 2014 to 2017, more than 1000 diagnostic companies were launched, securing more than US$10 billion in investment.MethodsWe performed an in-depth exploration of 28 diagnostic companies to differentiate successful and failed startups, plus a third ‘Zombie’ state where companies have achieved financial solvency but without long-term viability.ResultsFrom these data, we created a five-phase, 13-item framework indicating the corporate health of a diagnostic company as it progresses from conception to commercialisation. We found 6 successful companies, 14 failures and 8 Zombies. On a scale of 0–26 points (two points per item), successful companies averaged 24.5 points (range 22–26), failures averaged 4.5 (range 0–16) and Zombies averaged 12.3 (range 3–23) (p<0.001). To determine if there was any predictivity to this framework, we looked at only the first two phases (concept and feasibility/planning) of progress and found a distinct gradient in success potential based solely on these first two phases.ConclusionOur five-phase framework generated a score that could predict diagnostic companies more likely to successfully and sustainably enter the market from those more likely to fail.

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Canfield Rivera, Carlos Eduardo. "Business Performance in The Post-Startup Phase: The Case of LATAM For-Profit Ventures Participating in Accelerator Programs". Multidisciplinary Business Review 14, nr 1 (25.03.2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35692/07183992.14.1.4.

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This study aims at a more systematic understanding of the critical factors, based on Sharir & Lerner’s (2006) framework, that exert influence over the probabilities of performance development of For-Profit Ventures participating in accelerator programs worldwide, and specifically in the LATAM Region. Using an Ordinal Logit Regression Model on secondary data from a multipurpose survey over a sample of startups in more than 170 countries, the positive effects of such factors were first tested, and differential behaviour was sought, in ventures operating in the LATAM Region. Even though most of the factors accounted for in the framework were validated in the general sample and their effects were quantified, differential behaviour due to socio-economic and geographic conditions was found in the region; the most striking result revolved around the statistically confirmed notion that LATAM ventures have learned to operate in underprivileged conditions. Conclusions are drawn in support of harmonized for-profit entrepreneurship promotional programs and the adoption of standardized impact measurement criteria in order to improve the access to outside-funds. This argument raises ample academic and practical possibilities for investigating the impact of socio-economic and cultural influences on the efficacy of entrepreneurial support mechanisms. This study contributes to the literature by providing more empirical research about performance development in newly created for-profit ventures and the effectiveness of global accelerator programs.

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Herawan, Didit. "DESIGN THINKING APPROACHES IN DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA HIGHER EDUCATION STARTUP". JOBS (Jurnal Of Business Studies) 5, nr 2 (28.12.2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jobs.v5i2.1711.

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The Design Thinking approach as a method of problem solving and product innovation is well known in business, management and entrepreneurship. However, various design thinking models created by individual researcher and corporations often confuse users about which model to use. This research was conducted with the aim of observing the suitability of five selected design thinking models to support the development of startups in a business incubator. The research applies qualitative descriptive method using a case study of PT. Jiwa Gelora Juara (PT-JGJ) startup development at the Bakrie University’s UBpreneur business incubator. It observes the design thinking process in the pre-incubation, incubation and post incubation stages. The research findings show that each design thinking model has its own strengths and weaknesses in a certain situation, but most of the models are more suitable implemented in the new product/process development phase. To support the startup’s growth stage, other management tools are needed.

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Xu, Mengyao, Hua Jia, Weiding Huan i Jiafang Shan. "A Startup Control Method for Plasma Lamps by Using Fractional-N Phase-Locked Loop Microwave Driver". Electronics 11, nr 16 (17.08.2022): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162576.

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The microwave-driven plasma light source has the feature of the full spectrum, similar to sunlight, and has broad application prospects. Startups of plasma lamps are very difficult since the plasma density and the resonator impedance are changing constantly with the warm-up process and the RF driver can hardly couple the power to the plasma efficiently. This paper presents a startup control method for plasma lamps by using an integrated fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) as the RF signal source. An RF control module including a 21 dBm RF source with a band of 430–460 MHz and detection circuits for the RF driver is developed, and the startup process of the plasma lamp is further studied by analyzing the return loss of the resonator under the plasma load. According to the test result, the maximum frequency deviation of the RF control module is 3.3 kHz over the working temperature range of −40–80 °C. The designed RF control module is used to drive a high-power amplifier to start the plasma lamp automatically. It takes 79 s to achieve the stable arc operation from the gas breakdown. The return loss of the resonator is −26 dB, with an incident power of 171 W and reflected power of 418 mW, indicating that the RF driver and the plasma achieve good coupling. Compared with continuous wave, the luminous flux of the lamp powered by RF pulse improves by 18% under the same electric power. This startup control method has stable performance, small temperature drift, and an effective control function for plasma lamps.

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Rumyantseva, Svetlana, Elena Korostyshevskaya i Gennady Alpatov. "Long Waves and Commercialization of Technological Development in Russia in the Context of Globalization: Institutional Approach". SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 06031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219206031.

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Research background: The paper presents literature analysis and review on the considered problem. Purpose of the article: This paper is devoted to researching the effect a phase of the long wave has on technological development commercialization (TDC) in Russia taking into account the trend which has been found for tuning a public-private partnership institution into the triple helix mechanism. Methods: The modern phase of the long wave has been assessed empirically and statistically. The study is based on previously achieved empirical results (by some authors) in studying propensity of economic agents in Russia to introduce basic innovations and the TDC. Authors used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. Findings & Value added: In the phase of the global long wave recession, the national innovation system formed in Russia turned out to be an organizational and institutional innovation timely arranged. Nevertheless, institutional barriers have remained for the TDC. The program of implementing the scientific and technological priorities in Russia is rather scarcely effective because of institutional factors. Under the current conditions of the global long wave depression, which began in 2020 and, according to our estimates, is to last until 2025, it seems essential to provide a set of such institutional arrangements as organizational, motivational, and coordinating ones that would contribute to the development of public-private partnership instruments and the triple helix. In modern condition it includes such instruments of TDC as development of competence-centers, Foresight, promotion for Startups and so on.

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Sama, Hanumantha Rao, Vasanta Kumar Vemuri i Venkata Siva Nageswara Hari Prasad Boppana. "Optimal Control Policy for a Two-Phase M/M/1 Unreliable Gated Queue under N-Policy with a Fuzzy Environment". Ingénierie des systèmes d information 26, nr 4 (31.08.2021): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/isi.260403.

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The two-phase service models analyzed by several authors considered only the probabilistic nature of the queue parameters with fixed cost elements. But the queue parameters and cost elements will be in general are of both possibilistic and probabilistic in nature. Analyzing the performance of the queueing systems with fuzzy environment facilitates to investigate for the possibilistic interval estimates to the performance measures of a queueing system rather than point estimates. In this work, it is proposed to construct membership function of the fuzzy cost function to obtain confidence estimates for some performance measures of a controllable two-phase service single server Markovian gated queue with server startups and breakdowns under N-policy in which the queue parameters viz. arrival rate, startup rate, batch service rate, individual service rate, repair rate and cost elements are all defined as fuzzy numbers. Based on Zadeh’s extension principle and the α-cuts, a set of parametric nonlinear programming problems are developed to find the upper and lower bounds of the minimum total expected cost per unit time at the possibility level α. As the analytical solutions of the nonlinear programming problems developed for the proposed model are tedious, considering the system parameters and cost elements as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, numerical results for the lower and upper bounds of the optimal threshold N* and the minimum total expected cost per unit time are computed using the nonlinear programming solver available in MATLAB.

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Ojo, R. J., P. O. Onowakpo, O. G. Olukahunsi i O. A. Shaba. "Performance, carcass features and economic indices of broilers fed diets supplemented with soaked and roasted Jatropha curcas". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, nr 4 (10.02.2023): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3705.

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Most African poultry farmers currently supplement the commercial feed with unconventional ingredients without recourse to their undesirable effects on the performance of the birds due to high cost of conventional poultry feed. This study therefore assessed the effect of commercial broiler finisher supplemented with soaked and roasted Jatropha curcas meal on performance, biochemical parameters, economic indices, carcass and organ features of broilers at the finisher phase. For the starter phase, the broilers were brooded for four weeks and fed with the standard commercial broiler starter diet before they were divided into their various experimental groups that received recomposed commercial broiler finisher containing 9.0% raw, soaked or roasted Jatropha curcas seed meal, respectively. After four weeks, blood samples were collected from each broiler for biochemical parameters. The performance, economic indices and carcass features were also assessed. The result revealed that inclusion of soaked and roasted Jatropha curcas in commercial diet resulted in significantly (p<0.05) decrease in the total cost of feed per kilogram body weight gain from ? 691.68 to ? 600.39. The cost of producing the roasted (? 993.67) and soaked (? 945.85) Jatropha curcas diet were also significantly lower than that of the control feed (commercial diet) (? 1,314.19). In terms of profit per kilogram weight gain per bird, the broilers fed soaked (? 1,199.61) and roasted (? 1,177.24) Jatropha curcas supplemented diets performed better than the control (? 1,108.32). Inclusion of detoxified Jatropha curcas reduced the feed conversion ratio from 2.67 to about 2.46.The carcass and organ characteristics of the broilers were not significantly affected (p<0.05) by soaked and roasted Jatropha curcas supplemented diet compare to the control, although the broilers fed with roasted and soaked Jatropha curcas presented 16.01% and 17.07% lower weight gain respectively. Similar packed cell volume (PCV) were observed in control (32.00 %) and the bird fed with the experimental diet (30.09% - 30.73%). Liver biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin and serum total protein) and kidney biomarkers (uric acid, urea and creatinine) showed that soaking and roasting reduced the negative effect of Jatropha curcas inclusion in the diet. It did not also raise the lipid content of the broiler making it safe for consumers who are scare of cholesterol in chicken. This study therefore showed that locally processed Jatropha kernel meal in limited quantity can be added to commercial feed for broiler production at finisher's phase to increase the profit margin without deleterious effect on the performance of broilers. La plupart des aviculteurs africains complètent actuellement les aliments commerciaux avec des ingrédients non conventionnels sans recourir à leurs effets indésirables sur les performances des oiseaux en raison du coût élevé des aliments conventionnels pour volailles. Cette étude a donc évalué l'effet d'un finisseur de poulet commercial additionné de farine de Jatropha curcas trempée et torréfiée sur les performances, les paramètres biochimiques, les indices économiques, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et des organes des poulets de chair en phase de finition. Pour la phase de démarrage, les poulets de chair ont été couvés pendant quatre semaines et nourris avec un régime de démarrage de poulet de chair commercial standard avant d'être divisés en leurs différents groupes expérimentaux qui ont reçu un finisseur de poulet de chair commercial recomposé contenant 9,0 % de farine de graines de Jatropha curcas crues, trempées ou rôties, respectivement. Après quatre semaines, des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés sur chaque poulet de chair pour les paramètres biochimiques. Les performances, les indices économiques et les caractéristiques de la carcasse ont également été évalués. Le résultat a révélé que l'inclusion de Jatropha curcas trempé et rôti dans l'alimentation commerciale a entraîné une diminution significative (p <0,05) du coût total de l'alimentation par kilogramme de gain de poids corporel de 691,68 ? à 600,39 ? . Le coût de production du régime de Jatropha curcas torréfié (? 993,67) et trempé (? 945,85) était également significativement inférieur à celui de l'aliment témoin (régime commercial) (? 1 314,19). En termes de profit par kilogramme de gain de poids par oiseau, les poulets de chair nourris avec des régimes enrichis de Jatropha curcas trempés (? 1 199,61) et rôtis (? 1 177,24) ont obtenu de meilleurs résultats que le témoin (? 1 108,32). L'inclusion de Jatropha curcas détoxifié a réduit le taux de conversion alimentaire de 2,67 à environ 2,46. avec du Jatropha curcas torréfié et trempé ont présenté respectivement un gain de poids inférieur de 16,01 % et 17,07 %. Un hématocrite similaire a été observé chez le témoin (32,00 %) et chez l'oiseau nourri avec le régime expérimental (30,09 % - 30,73 %). Les biomarqueurs hépatiques (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubine et protéines totales sériques) et les biomarqueurs rénaux (acide urique, urée et créatinine) ont montré que le trempage et la torréfaction réduisaient l'effet négatif de l'inclusion de Jatropha curcas dans l'alimentation. Il n'a pas non plus augmenté la teneur en lipides du poulet de chair, ce qui le rend sans danger pour les consommateurs qui ont peur du cholestérol dans le poulet. Cette étude a donc montré que la farine d'amandes de Jatropha transformée localement en quantité limitée peut être ajoutée à l'alimentation commerciale pour la production de poulets de chair en phase de finition afin d'augmenter la marge bénéficiaire sans effet délétère sur les performances des poulets de chair.

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Ogunjobi, F. V., M. A. Adeyemi i E. O. Akinfala. "Evaluation of prebiotic activity of conventional fibre feedstuffs in the diets of pigs". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, nr 1 (28.02.2021): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2901.

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Over the years, significant research efforts have been made to improve livestock welfare and productivity. In part, this has been achieved through the use of in-feed antibiotics to enhance production and maintain animal health. More recently, the risks of residual effects, cross- resistance and development of antibacterial resistant strains especially on animal and final consumers of animal products provided justification for prohibition, hence the continuous search for suitable and cost-effective alternatives. This study evaluated the prebiotic activity of four fibre feedstuffs in diets of pigs. Twenty growing crossbred (Large White × Hampshire) pigs with a mean weight of 40±0.50 Kg were randomly allotted to four fibre feedstuffs namely palm kernel cake (PKC), brewer's dried grain (BDG), wheat offal (WO) and rice bran (RB) as well as maize in a 14-day feeding trial to examine their effect on the growth of non-pathogenic gut microbiota. The experimental pigs were randomly allocated to the diets in a completely randomized design with four animals per treatment. The arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide concentrations, proximate and cell wall composition of fibre feedstuffs, short chain fatty acids concentrations, apparent nutrient digestibility in the experimental animals, and the activities of bacteria in the guts of the experimental pigs were evaluated. Results showed significant difference (p<0.05) in arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide concentration among treatment groups. The short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) affected by fibre sources both at the foregut and hindgut of pigs. Also, the SCFAs concentrations produced in the hindgut were numerically (p >0.05) higher compared to the values in the foregut of pigs. The results also demonstrated that acetate and butyrate were mainly produced in the foregut while the concentration of propionate in addition to butyrate increased in the hindgut of pigs. The digesta acetate concentration was negatively correlated with dietary acid detergent fibre (ADF) and cellulose in the foregut. All the fibre feedstuffs promoted the growth of non-pathogenic Lactobacillus than maize in the foregut and hindgut, hence, palm kernel cake, brewer dried grains, wheat offal and rice bran could elicit prebiotic activity in the gut of growing pigs and enhance animal welfare. A cause du scepticisme qui suit l'utilisation de la farine d'écorce de manioc, il a été préconisé que sa valeur nutritive pour la volaille soit améliorée. Ainsi, une expérience a été menée pour évaluer l'effet diététique de la farine d'écorce de manioc (le 'CPM') améliorée en complétant avec Calopogonium mucunoides (le 'CM') sur la digestibilité apparente des nutriments, la croissance, le rendement en viande et les organes internes des poulets de chair. Le 'CPM' a été amélioré en mélangeant 1000 g de celui-ci avec des feuilles fraîches et succulentes 'CM' à des niveaux de 0, 10, 20, 30 et 40% respectivement et inclus dans les régimes. Cent quarante-quatre (144) poussins Hubbard d'un jour ont été utilisés. Ils ont été regroupés en six traitements (T1-T6), répliqués en trois et avec huit oiseaux / répliques dans un plan complètement randomisé (le 'CRD'). Le traitement 1 (T1) était le régime témoin sans CPM, T2 contenait du CPM non amélioré tandis que T3-T6 contenait du CPM mélangé à 10, 20, 30 et 40% de 'CM', respectivement. Des aliments et de l'eau ont été offerts à volonté pendant 49 jours. Les résultats ont montré que le 'CM' améliorait la teneur en protéines brutes, en extrait d'éther et en fibres du 'CPM'. Le poids vif et le rapport alimentation : gain étaient meilleurs (P <0,05) avec un 'CPM' amélioré, mais affectés négativement par un 'CPM' non amélioré lors de la phase de démarrage. De même, lors de la phase de démarrage, la prise alimentaire n'a pas été modifiée de manière significative (P> 0,05). Lors de la phase de finition, alors que le poids vif était augmenté de 20 à 40% de 'CPM' amélioré, la prise alimentaire était réduite (P <0,05). Le meilleur rapport alimentation : gain a été enregistré par une 'CM' améliorée de 40%. Le CPM non amélioré réduit la digestibilité de la matière sèche, des protéines, de l'extrait d'éther et de l'utilisation de l'énergie ; pourcentage habillé, le poids du sein, du gésier, des reins, du pancréas et de l'intestin grêle mais augmentation du volume de la bile et de la taille des caecas. Par conséquent, il est recommandé d'utiliser 40% de muconoides depour améliorer la farine de pelure de manioc à inclure dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair.

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Patil, Pratik A., Sachin K. Patil i Sushma S. Kulkarni. "Inculcating Design Thinking Methodology in the Minds of First Year Engineering Students: A Step Towards Entrepreneurial Thinking". Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 36, S2 (1.01.2023): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2023/v36is2/23041.

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Every economy needs entrepreneurs to fill gaps and promote innovative products with the necessary expertise and hard work. An entrepreneurial culture hastens a nation's overall development because it promotes nurturing a greater number of venture capitalists which eventually boosts nation’s economy. Rajarambapu Institute of Technology (RIT) Rajaramnagar, an Autonomous Institute has adopted choice-based curriculum system (CBCS) in 2017-18 which included Entrepreneurship development (ED) as one of the four tracks with the objective to transform students into entrepreneurs. It was observed that, there is dire need to initiate entrepreneurial thinking course in first year engineering curriculum to acquaint students with problem solving and creative thinking skills, communication skills and teamwork which are very important for an entrepreneur. Hence, the course ‘Creativity, Design Thinking and Entrepreneurial Mindset’ was commenced as an open elective for first year engineering students from the academic year 2018-19. In this paper, course details are presented along with course outcomes and In-Semester evaluation (ISE) plan. Design thinking methodology is illustrated phase wise with help of students’ project case study. Innovative active learning tools and techniques were developed to map the required skills for an entrepreneur. Due to this strategically developed active learning tools, course CO attainment has improved from the year 2018-19 to 2021-22; CO1 has improved by 37.09 %, CO2 increased by 47.54%, CO3 by 40.30 % and CO4 improved by 28.98 %. Moreover, number of prototypes developed by the students were 4 in the year 2018-19, which elevated to 15 (increased by 275 %) in the year 2021-22. Furthermore, there was improvement in final year ED track students of 2021-22 as compared to 2020-21; 25 students entered ED track during the year 2020-21, out of which 6 students (24 % students) converted their ideas into startups, while during the year 2021-22, 28 students opted for ED track, from which 13 (46.4 % students) established their startups. Lastly, ED track mentors survey results are reported for the year 2020-21 and 2021-22, which clearly illustrate that ED track students’ entrepreneurial knowledge and abilities, students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship as a career option and students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy has improved than the previous years. Keywords— Design Thinking; Entrepreneurial culture; Startup Ecosystem; Active learning

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Kldiashvili, M., i D. Paresashvili. "Meaning and Role of Prototyping in Entropic and Extreme Business Environment in Georgia". Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 31, nr 1 (28.02.2019): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.1.19.

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For a couple of years, the term entropy is gaining popularity as a term to cover the various dimensions of fast and rapidly developing, ‘uncontrollable’ business environment. The more complex and volatile an industry is – the higher is the level of entropy, that means - the harder to predict and therefore more uncertain will be process of new project or product implementation. In simple words, entropy as a measure of uncertainty or randomness, is permanently growing in nowadays business environment. In common use, A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from. Technique of prototyping becomes more efficient if analyzing of prototype occurs together with the potential consumer. Based on received feedback, or analyzing customer experience, lessons learned, company makes decision how to develop the product on the next phase. In Georgia, use of prototypes started with development of projects related to Information Systems. But later it was successfully applied to product development and Business model development, especially for startups and small entrepreneurs.

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Ghura, Amarpreet Singh, i Ishwar Kumar. "Shradhanjali.com: creating Blue Ocean". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, nr 2 (5.06.2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2019-0133.

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Learning outcomes Through a discussion of the case, students will be able to conduct “Pros and Cons” analysis for entering a new market. Conduct “SWOT” analysis for entering a new market. Explain how to create a Blue Ocean Market Space, by implementing the concept of value-innovation. Demonstrate the role of “strategy canvas” and “The four action framework” in creating Blue Ocean Market Space. Case overview/synopsis This case describes a situation in which Vivek Vyas (Vyas) and Vimal Popat (Popat) first generation entrepreneurs starts their venture shradhanajali.com in June 2011. The monthly revenues range in between INR 75,000 and INR 80,000. Shradhanjali.com has garnered customers from major parts of India, USA, Canada, UK and Africa. It was in 2019 when Vyas and Popat co-founders of Shradhanjali.com were in their office at Rajkot, Gujarat reading an article in financial express, which had a mention of India’s 10 most wacky startups which used technology and internet to get closer to users. One of the startups reported by financial express was offering people to book cremation for the funeral of the deceased loved ones. Looking at the article Popat thought to enter a new market space by mid of 2020, where new offering to customers to book online pujas across temples in India on the birth and death anniversaries of their loved ones. The purpose of this case is to provide an opportunity for the participants to make use of management tools such as Pros and Cons; and SWOT analysis to decide whether shradhanjali.com should penetrate more into this world of e-commerce and offer online puja service to their customers. However, the two co-founders are undecided whether to add online puja service in their service portfolio as they do now know the way forward to convert the idea of online puja into a viable business? Participants need to take into consideration the data given for shradhajali.com and make assumptions and resolve the dilemma through which Vyas and Popat are going through. Complexity academic level The case involves various issues with first generation online startup in strategic management field such “Pros and Cons” analysis and challenges faced during the new market creation phase. Thus, this case can be used for covering multiple perspectives related to blue ocean strategy (e.g. application of strategy canvas and the four action framework). Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

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Cuci, Qëndresë. "The Impact of Remittances on Socio-Economic Development - The Case of Kosova". European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 6, nr 1 (1.12.2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v6i1.p161-168.

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Another important indicator of a country’s economic development is the inflation and the unemployment rate, and according to the latest report of Kosova Agency of Statistics, the percentage of unemployment in Kosova is around 30.9% and this is an indicator that the unemployment rate has been reduced compared to the previous years, on the other hand, the number of families receiving remittances is decreased for 2.6% compared to 2011 according to a ASK report.1 Also the number of startups in 2012 has increased to 7,8792 which created new jobs. So, remittances re very important especially for developing countries such as Kosova. Taking into consideration the fact that Kosova is in the development phase, and the standard of living is very low, the number of population seeking to migrate is increasing continuously. According to statistics, the number of male migrants is higher compared with female igrants and rural settlements have shown an increase in migration compared to urban settlements. Our community is convinced that diaspora is an indicator in the economic development of our country, such as skills development for knowledge that they would benefit from, education, for consumption and commercial investments, all these for a higher standard of living.

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Khan, Muhammad Rahatullah. "CONSTRUCTING A STARTUP STRATEGY FRAME". CBU International Conference Proceedings 6 (24.09.2018): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1162.

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Startup success is greatly attributed to pre-startup phase planning. Startups develop business plans to pitch their ideas to secure funding and/or partners. The task of reading and, relating the frameworks in the document, could be a long and cumbersome process. Similarly, there is no one page illustration that can sketch a startup’s strategy and plan as well as one that is used universally. A one page clear, concise and attractive startup strategy model a ‘startup frame’ is proposed detailing ideation to financial returns analysis. It is constructed on learnings from considerations of the design thinking approach, the business canvas along others. The frame has evolved over a period of 14 months in which two bootcamps were held. Bootcamps were attended by 266 participants. It has also been used by 28 students of a senior entrepreneurship undergraduate course (Launching Entrepreneurial Ventures) over two semesters. It provides a logical flow and connects value drivers on economic, operational and strategic levels of the startup. The frame enables identifying courses of action like, ‘Management of customer benefits (CBEN), Management of segmentation and the customer relationships (CREL), Segmentation of markets and customers (SEGM), Communication management (COMM), Strategic Goal Setting and Management (SGM), Competitor Analysis (CA), Developing Startup Frame (SF), Designing the Business, and Design Elements (DE)’.

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Schäfer, Susann, i Sebastian Henn. "The evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the critical role of migrants. A Phase-Model based on a Study of IT startups in the Greater Tel Aviv Area". Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 11, nr 2 (16.05.2018): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsy013.

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AbstractUnlike existing studies on entrepreneurial ecosystems that focus on the internal dynamics of such systems, this article argues that entrepreneurial ecosystems are linked to one another through economically specialised migrants that trigger their emergence and positively affect their future development. To illustrate the relation between migration and the dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems, a model is presented that distinguishes three different phases: (i) the remigration of highly skilled migrants, (ii) ‘sunshine return migration’ and (iii) the outmigration of local entrepreneurs to foreign entrepreneurial ecosystems. Even though the model is based on both existing literature and our own empirical findings in the Tel Aviv IT entrepreneurial ecosystem, it is argued that its implications also hold true for other regional contexts.

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Ryszkowski, Karol, i Aleksandra Witoszek-Kubicka. "The legitimacy of introducing a simple joint-stock company into the Polish legal order". Ekonomia i Prawo 21, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eip.2022.012.

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Motivation: The paper focuses on the legitimacy of introducing the simple joint-stock company (PSA) into the Polish legal order by referring to the financing of the initial phase of business operations. Describes the issue of capital gap, especially significant for capital-intensive innovative enterprises that have a problem obtaining financing due to high operational risk. The work also shows the importance of choosing capital financing sources due to financial risk and development opportunities. It presents an unconventional solution on raising funds for activities through crowdfunding. The paper attempts to answer questions about the legitimacy of introducing a simple joint-stock company into the Polish legal system and potential benefits and threats from the use of this type of company by startups. Aim: The paper proposes two research aims; verification of the legitimacy of introducing a simple joint-stock company in-to the Polish legal order and presentation of possible impact of the introduction of PSA on the use of crowdfunding as a start-ups financing source. Results: Thanks to the analysis of the acts and the literature on the subject, potential advantages and disadvantages of introducing PSA into the Polish legal system were identified. The authors take the position that combining the features of a limited liability company with a joint stock company may be the legislator’s response to the needs of the startup community.

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Akintomide, A. A., I. B. Osho i G. E. Onibi. "Growth performance and haematology of broiler chickens fed enzyme supplemented neem leaf meal -based diets". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, nr 5 (10.11.2021): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i5.3196.

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The quest for sustainable poultry production using alternative feed ingredients is imperative. This study was conducted to assess the growth performance and blood profile of broiler chickens fed neem leaf meal (NLM) based diets with or without enzyme supplementation. Two hundred and eighty-eight, one-week old chicks (with an average weight of 98.44g) arranged in a completely randomized design with twelve birds/ replicate and three replicates/ treatment were fed NLM at 0, 1.5, 3 and 5% with or without Polyzme® to form eight experimental treatments. Data on initial body weights, weekly body weights and feed intake were taken during the trial which lasted for eight weeks and feed conversion ratio calculated. Blood was also collected for haematological studies at the 4 and 8 week by humanely severing the jugular vein. Results indicated that total weight gain at starter phase decreased progressively with increase in NLM inclusion and addition of Polyzme did not significantly (P>0.05) affect performance. At the finisher phase, growth performance was not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by NLM or enzyme addition. Furthermore, NLM with/without Polyzyme did not elicit any significant influence on the packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration of the chickens. In conclusion, broiler chicks could tolerate up to 3% NLM and finishers up to 5% based on growth performance. The use of polyzyme at 400g/tonne in this study did not improve the utilization of NLM by the chickens. La recherche de la production de volaille durable utilisant des ingrédients d'alimentation alternatifs est impérative. Cette étude a été réalisée pour évaluer la performance de la croissance et le profil sanguin des régimes à base de feuilles neem (NLM) avec ou sans supplémentation en enzyme. Deux cent quatre-vingt-huit poussins âgés d'une semaine (avec un poids moyen de 98,44 g) disposés dans un design complètement randomisé avec douze oiseaux / répliqués et trois répliqués / traitement ont été nourris à 0, 1,5, 3 et 5% avec ou sans Polyzme pour former huit traitements expérimentaux. Les données sur les poids corporels initiaux, les poids corporels hebdomadaires et l'apport alimentaire ont été pris au cours de l'essai qui a duré huit semaines et le ratio de conversion alimentaire calculé. Le sang a également été collecté pour des études hématologiques à la 4ème et 8ème semaine en coupant humainement la veine jugulaire. Les résultats ont indiqué que le gain de poids total à la phase de démarrage a diminué progressivement avec l'augmentation de l'inclusion de NLM et l'addition de polyzme n'a pas significativement (p> 0,05) affecter les performances. À la phase de finition, la performance de la croissance n'était pas significativement (p> 0,05) influencée par l'addition NLM ou enzyme. De plus, la NLM avec / sans polyzyme n'a suscité aucune influence significative sur le volume de la cellule emballé et la concentration en hémoglobine des poulets. En conclusion, les poussins de chair pourraient tolérer jusqu'à 3% de NLM et des finisseurs jusqu'à 5% sur la base de la performance de la croissance. L'utilisation de polyzyme à 400 g / tonne dans cette étude n'a pas amélioré l'utilisation de NLM par les poulets.

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Startups en Phase de Démarrage”

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